Adding upstream version 3.2.6.upstream/3.2.6upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

78 files changed, 37083 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_acktr.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_acktr.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f1f9b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_acktr.c
@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_acktr.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_macro.h"
+
+static void acktr_entry_init(ngtcp2_acktr_entry *ent, int64_t pkt_num,
+                             ngtcp2_tstamp tstamp) {
+  ent->pkt_num = pkt_num;
+  ent->len = 1;
+  ent->tstamp = tstamp;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_acktr_entry_objalloc_new(ngtcp2_acktr_entry **ent, int64_t pkt_num,
+                                    ngtcp2_tstamp tstamp,
+                                    ngtcp2_objalloc *objalloc) {
+  *ent = ngtcp2_objalloc_acktr_entry_get(objalloc);
+  if (*ent == NULL) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  acktr_entry_init(*ent, pkt_num, tstamp);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_acktr_entry_objalloc_del(ngtcp2_acktr_entry *ent,
+                                     ngtcp2_objalloc *objalloc) {
+  ngtcp2_objalloc_acktr_entry_release(objalloc, ent);
+}
+
+static int greater(const ngtcp2_ksl_key *lhs, const ngtcp2_ksl_key *rhs) {
+  return *(int64_t *)lhs > *(int64_t *)rhs;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_acktr_init(ngtcp2_acktr *acktr, ngtcp2_log *log,
+                      const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  int rv;
+
+  ngtcp2_objalloc_acktr_entry_init(&acktr->objalloc, 32, mem);
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_ringbuf_init(&acktr->acks, 32, sizeof(ngtcp2_acktr_ack_entry),
+                           mem);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_ksl_init(&acktr->ents, greater, sizeof(int64_t), mem);
+
+  acktr->log = log;
+  acktr->mem = mem;
+  acktr->flags = NGTCP2_ACKTR_FLAG_NONE;
+  acktr->first_unacked_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+  acktr->rx_npkt = 0;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_acktr_free(ngtcp2_acktr *acktr) {
+#ifdef NOMEMPOOL
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+#endif /* NOMEMPOOL */
+
+  if (acktr == NULL) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+#ifdef NOMEMPOOL
+  for (it = ngtcp2_ksl_begin(&acktr->ents); !ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it);
+       ngtcp2_ksl_it_next(&it)) {
+    ngtcp2_acktr_entry_objalloc_del(ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it), &acktr->objalloc);
+  }
+#endif /* NOMEMPOOL */
+
+  ngtcp2_ksl_free(&acktr->ents);
+
+  ngtcp2_ringbuf_free(&acktr->acks);
+
+  ngtcp2_objalloc_free(&acktr->objalloc);
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_acktr_add(ngtcp2_acktr *acktr, int64_t pkt_num, int active_ack,
+                     ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it, prev_it;
+  ngtcp2_acktr_entry *ent, *prev_ent, *delent;
+  int rv;
+  int added = 0;
+
+  if (ngtcp2_ksl_len(&acktr->ents)) {
+    it = ngtcp2_ksl_lower_bound(&acktr->ents, &pkt_num);
+    if (ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it)) {
+      ngtcp2_ksl_it_prev(&it);
+      ent = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+
+      assert(ent->pkt_num >= pkt_num + (int64_t)ent->len);
+
+      if (ent->pkt_num == pkt_num + (int64_t)ent->len) {
+        ++ent->len;
+        added = 1;
+      }
+    } else {
+      ent = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+
+      assert(ent->pkt_num != pkt_num);
+
+      if (ngtcp2_ksl_it_begin(&it)) {
+        if (ent->pkt_num + 1 == pkt_num) {
+          ngtcp2_ksl_update_key(&acktr->ents, &ent->pkt_num, &pkt_num);
+          ent->pkt_num = pkt_num;
+          ent->tstamp = ts;
+          ++ent->len;
+          added = 1;
+        }
+      } else {
+        prev_it = it;
+        ngtcp2_ksl_it_prev(&prev_it);
+        prev_ent = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&prev_it);
+
+        assert(prev_ent->pkt_num >= pkt_num + (int64_t)prev_ent->len);
+
+        if (ent->pkt_num + 1 == pkt_num) {
+          if (prev_ent->pkt_num == pkt_num + (int64_t)prev_ent->len) {
+            prev_ent->len += ent->len + 1;
+            ngtcp2_ksl_remove_hint(&acktr->ents, NULL, &it, &ent->pkt_num);
+            ngtcp2_acktr_entry_objalloc_del(ent, &acktr->objalloc);
+            added = 1;
+          } else {
+            ngtcp2_ksl_update_key(&acktr->ents, &ent->pkt_num, &pkt_num);
+            ent->pkt_num = pkt_num;
+            ent->tstamp = ts;
+            ++ent->len;
+            added = 1;
+          }
+        } else if (prev_ent->pkt_num == pkt_num + (int64_t)prev_ent->len) {
+          ++prev_ent->len;
+          added = 1;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!added) {
+    rv = ngtcp2_acktr_entry_objalloc_new(&ent, pkt_num, ts, &acktr->objalloc);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+    rv = ngtcp2_ksl_insert(&acktr->ents, NULL, &ent->pkt_num, ent);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      ngtcp2_acktr_entry_objalloc_del(ent, &acktr->objalloc);
+      return rv;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (active_ack) {
+    acktr->flags |= NGTCP2_ACKTR_FLAG_ACTIVE_ACK;
+    if (acktr->first_unacked_ts == UINT64_MAX) {
+      acktr->first_unacked_ts = ts;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (ngtcp2_ksl_len(&acktr->ents) > NGTCP2_ACKTR_MAX_ENT) {
+    it = ngtcp2_ksl_end(&acktr->ents);
+    ngtcp2_ksl_it_prev(&it);
+    delent = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+    ngtcp2_ksl_remove_hint(&acktr->ents, NULL, &it, &delent->pkt_num);
+    ngtcp2_acktr_entry_objalloc_del(delent, &acktr->objalloc);
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_acktr_forget(ngtcp2_acktr *acktr, ngtcp2_acktr_entry *ent) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+
+  it = ngtcp2_ksl_lower_bound(&acktr->ents, &ent->pkt_num);
+  assert(*(int64_t *)ngtcp2_ksl_it_key(&it) == (int64_t)ent->pkt_num);
+
+  for (; !ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it);) {
+    ent = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+    ngtcp2_ksl_remove_hint(&acktr->ents, &it, &it, &ent->pkt_num);
+    ngtcp2_acktr_entry_objalloc_del(ent, &acktr->objalloc);
+  }
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ksl_it ngtcp2_acktr_get(ngtcp2_acktr *acktr) {
+  return ngtcp2_ksl_begin(&acktr->ents);
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_acktr_empty(ngtcp2_acktr *acktr) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it = ngtcp2_ksl_begin(&acktr->ents);
+  return ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it);
+}
+
+ngtcp2_acktr_ack_entry *ngtcp2_acktr_add_ack(ngtcp2_acktr *acktr,
+                                             int64_t pkt_num,
+                                             int64_t largest_ack) {
+  ngtcp2_acktr_ack_entry *ent = ngtcp2_ringbuf_push_front(&acktr->acks);
+
+  ent->largest_ack = largest_ack;
+  ent->pkt_num = pkt_num;
+
+  return ent;
+}
+
+/*
+ * acktr_remove removes |ent| from |acktr|.  |it| must point to the
+ * node whose key identifies |ent|.  The iterator which points to the
+ * entry next to |ent| is assigned to |it|.
+ */
+static void acktr_remove(ngtcp2_acktr *acktr, ngtcp2_ksl_it *it,
+                         ngtcp2_acktr_entry *ent) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl_remove_hint(&acktr->ents, it, it, &ent->pkt_num);
+  ngtcp2_acktr_entry_objalloc_del(ent, &acktr->objalloc);
+}
+
+static void acktr_on_ack(ngtcp2_acktr *acktr, ngtcp2_ringbuf *rb,
+                         size_t ack_ent_offset) {
+  ngtcp2_acktr_ack_entry *ack_ent;
+  ngtcp2_acktr_entry *ent;
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+
+  assert(ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(rb));
+
+  ack_ent = ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(rb, ack_ent_offset);
+
+  /* Assume that ngtcp2_pkt_validate_ack(fr) returns 0 */
+  it = ngtcp2_ksl_lower_bound(&acktr->ents, &ack_ent->largest_ack);
+  for (; !ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it);) {
+    ent = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+    acktr_remove(acktr, &it, ent);
+  }
+
+  if (ngtcp2_ksl_len(&acktr->ents)) {
+    assert(ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it));
+
+    ngtcp2_ksl_it_prev(&it);
+    ent = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+    if (ent->pkt_num > ack_ent->largest_ack &&
+        ack_ent->largest_ack >= ent->pkt_num - (int64_t)(ent->len - 1)) {
+      ent->len = (size_t)(ent->pkt_num - ack_ent->largest_ack);
+    }
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_ringbuf_resize(rb, ack_ent_offset);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_acktr_recv_ack(ngtcp2_acktr *acktr, const ngtcp2_ack *fr) {
+  ngtcp2_acktr_ack_entry *ent;
+  int64_t largest_ack = fr->largest_ack, min_ack;
+  size_t i, j;
+  ngtcp2_ringbuf *rb = &acktr->acks;
+  size_t nacks = ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(rb);
+
+  /* Assume that ngtcp2_pkt_validate_ack(fr) returns 0 */
+  for (j = 0; j < nacks; ++j) {
+    ent = ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(rb, j);
+    if (largest_ack >= ent->pkt_num) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  if (j == nacks) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  min_ack = largest_ack - (int64_t)fr->first_ack_range;
+
+  if (min_ack <= ent->pkt_num && ent->pkt_num <= largest_ack) {
+    acktr_on_ack(acktr, rb, j);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < fr->rangecnt && j < nacks; ++i) {
+    largest_ack = min_ack - (int64_t)fr->ranges[i].gap - 2;
+    min_ack = largest_ack - (int64_t)fr->ranges[i].len;
+
+    for (;;) {
+      if (ent->pkt_num > largest_ack) {
+        ++j;
+        if (j == nacks) {
+          return;
+        }
+        ent = ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(rb, j);
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (ent->pkt_num < min_ack) {
+        break;
+      }
+      acktr_on_ack(acktr, rb, j);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_acktr_commit_ack(ngtcp2_acktr *acktr) {
+  acktr->flags &= (uint16_t) ~(NGTCP2_ACKTR_FLAG_ACTIVE_ACK |
+                               NGTCP2_ACKTR_FLAG_IMMEDIATE_ACK |
+                               NGTCP2_ACKTR_FLAG_CANCEL_TIMER);
+  acktr->first_unacked_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+  acktr->rx_npkt = 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_acktr_require_active_ack(ngtcp2_acktr *acktr,
+                                    ngtcp2_duration max_ack_delay,
+                                    ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  return acktr->first_unacked_ts != UINT64_MAX &&
+         acktr->first_unacked_ts + max_ack_delay <= ts;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_acktr_immediate_ack(ngtcp2_acktr *acktr) {
+  acktr->flags |= NGTCP2_ACKTR_FLAG_IMMEDIATE_ACK;
+}
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_acktr.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_acktr.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70a3c71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_acktr.h
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_ACKTR_H
+#define NGTCP2_ACKTR_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_mem.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_ringbuf.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_ksl.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_pkt.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_objalloc.h"
+
+/* NGTCP2_ACKTR_MAX_ENT is the maximum number of ngtcp2_acktr_entry
+   which ngtcp2_acktr stores. */
+#define NGTCP2_ACKTR_MAX_ENT 1024
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_log ngtcp2_log;
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_acktr_entry is a range of packets which need to be acked.
+ */
+typedef struct ngtcp2_acktr_entry {
+  union {
+    struct {
+      /* pkt_num is the largest packet number to acknowledge in this
+         range. */
+      int64_t pkt_num;
+      /* len is the consecutive packets started from pkt_num which
+         includes pkt_num itself counting in decreasing order.  So pkt_num
+         = 987 and len = 2, this entry includes packet 987 and 986. */
+      size_t len;
+      /* tstamp is the timestamp when a packet denoted by pkt_num is
+         received. */
+      ngtcp2_tstamp tstamp;
+    };
+
+    ngtcp2_opl_entry oplent;
+  };
+} ngtcp2_acktr_entry;
+
+ngtcp2_objalloc_def(acktr_entry, ngtcp2_acktr_entry, oplent);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_acktr_entry_objalloc_new allocates memory for ent, and
+ * initializes it with the given parameters.  The pointer to the
+ * allocated object is stored to |*ent|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_acktr_entry_objalloc_new(ngtcp2_acktr_entry **ent, int64_t pkt_num,
+                                    ngtcp2_tstamp tstamp,
+                                    ngtcp2_objalloc *objalloc);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_acktr_entry_objalloc_del deallocates memory allocated for
+ * |ent|.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_acktr_entry_objalloc_del(ngtcp2_acktr_entry *ent,
+                                     ngtcp2_objalloc *objalloc);
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_acktr_ack_entry {
+  /* largest_ack is the largest packet number in outgoing ACK frame */
+  int64_t largest_ack;
+  /* pkt_num is the packet number that ACK frame is included. */
+  int64_t pkt_num;
+} ngtcp2_acktr_ack_entry;
+
+/* NGTCP2_ACKTR_FLAG_NONE indicates that no flag set. */
+#define NGTCP2_ACKTR_FLAG_NONE 0x00u
+/* NGTCP2_ACKTR_FLAG_IMMEDIATE_ACK indicates that immediate
+   acknowledgement is required. */
+#define NGTCP2_ACKTR_FLAG_IMMEDIATE_ACK 0x01u
+/* NGTCP2_ACKTR_FLAG_ACTIVE_ACK indicates that there are pending
+   protected packet to be acknowledged. */
+#define NGTCP2_ACKTR_FLAG_ACTIVE_ACK 0x02u
+/* NGTCP2_ACKTR_FLAG_CANCEL_TIMER is set when ACK delay timer is
+   expired and canceled. */
+#define NGTCP2_ACKTR_FLAG_CANCEL_TIMER 0x0100u
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_acktr tracks received packets which we have to send ack.
+ */
+typedef struct ngtcp2_acktr {
+  ngtcp2_objalloc objalloc;
+  ngtcp2_ringbuf acks;
+  /* ents includes ngtcp2_acktr_entry sorted by decreasing order of
+     packet number. */
+  ngtcp2_ksl ents;
+  ngtcp2_log *log;
+  const ngtcp2_mem *mem;
+  /* flags is bitwise OR of zero, or more of NGTCP2_ACKTR_FLAG_*. */
+  uint16_t flags;
+  /* first_unacked_ts is timestamp when ngtcp2_acktr_entry is added
+     first time after the last outgoing ACK frame. */
+  ngtcp2_tstamp first_unacked_ts;
+  /* rx_npkt is the number of ACK eliciting packets received without
+     sending ACK. */
+  size_t rx_npkt;
+} ngtcp2_acktr;
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_acktr_init initializes |acktr|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_acktr_init(ngtcp2_acktr *acktr, ngtcp2_log *log,
+                      const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_acktr_free frees resources allocated for |acktr|.  It frees
+ * any ngtcp2_acktr_entry added to |acktr|.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_acktr_free(ngtcp2_acktr *acktr);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_acktr_add adds packet number |pkt_num| to |acktr|.
+ * |active_ack| is nonzero if |pkt_num| is retransmittable packet.
+ *
+ * This function assumes that |acktr| does not contain |pkt_num|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     OUt of memory.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_acktr_add(ngtcp2_acktr *acktr, int64_t pkt_num, int active_ack,
+                     ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_acktr_forget removes all entries which have the packet
+ * number that is equal to or less than ent->pkt_num.  This function
+ * assumes that |acktr| includes |ent|.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_acktr_forget(ngtcp2_acktr *acktr, ngtcp2_acktr_entry *ent);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_acktr_get returns the pointer to pointer to the entry which
+ * has the largest packet number to be acked.  If there is no entry,
+ * returned value satisfies ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it) != 0.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ksl_it ngtcp2_acktr_get(ngtcp2_acktr *acktr);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_acktr_empty returns nonzero if it has no packet to
+ * acknowledge.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_acktr_empty(ngtcp2_acktr *acktr);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_acktr_add_ack records outgoing ACK frame whose largest
+ * acknowledged packet number is |largest_ack|.  |pkt_num| is the
+ * packet number of a packet in which ACK frame is included.  This
+ * function returns a pointer to the object it adds.
+ */
+ngtcp2_acktr_ack_entry *
+ngtcp2_acktr_add_ack(ngtcp2_acktr *acktr, int64_t pkt_num, int64_t largest_ack);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_acktr_recv_ack processes the incoming ACK frame |fr|.
+ * |pkt_num| is a packet number which includes |fr|.  If we receive
+ * ACK which acknowledges the ACKs added by ngtcp2_acktr_add_ack,
+ * ngtcp2_acktr_entry which the outgoing ACK acknowledges is removed.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_acktr_recv_ack(ngtcp2_acktr *acktr, const ngtcp2_ack *fr);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_acktr_commit_ack tells |acktr| that ACK frame is generated.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_acktr_commit_ack(ngtcp2_acktr *acktr);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_acktr_require_active_ack returns nonzero if ACK frame should
+ * be generated actively.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_acktr_require_active_ack(ngtcp2_acktr *acktr,
+                                    ngtcp2_duration max_ack_delay,
+                                    ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_acktr_immediate_ack tells |acktr| that immediate
+ * acknowledgement is required.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_acktr_immediate_ack(ngtcp2_acktr *acktr);
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_ACKTR_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_addr.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_addr.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f389abe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_addr.c
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_addr.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_unreachable.h"
+
+ngtcp2_addr *ngtcp2_addr_init(ngtcp2_addr *dest, const ngtcp2_sockaddr *addr,
+                              ngtcp2_socklen addrlen) {
+  dest->addrlen = addrlen;
+  dest->addr = (ngtcp2_sockaddr *)addr;
+  return dest;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_addr_copy(ngtcp2_addr *dest, const ngtcp2_addr *src) {
+  dest->addrlen = src->addrlen;
+  if (src->addrlen) {
+    memcpy(dest->addr, src->addr, (size_t)src->addrlen);
+  }
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_addr_copy_byte(ngtcp2_addr *dest, const ngtcp2_sockaddr *addr,
+                           ngtcp2_socklen addrlen) {
+  dest->addrlen = addrlen;
+  if (addrlen) {
+    memcpy(dest->addr, addr, (size_t)addrlen);
+  }
+}
+
+static int sockaddr_eq(const ngtcp2_sockaddr *a, const ngtcp2_sockaddr *b) {
+  assert(a->sa_family == b->sa_family);
+
+  switch (a->sa_family) {
+  case NGTCP2_AF_INET: {
+    const ngtcp2_sockaddr_in *ai = (const ngtcp2_sockaddr_in *)(void *)a,
+                             *bi = (const ngtcp2_sockaddr_in *)(void *)b;
+    return ai->sin_port == bi->sin_port &&
+           memcmp(&ai->sin_addr, &bi->sin_addr, sizeof(ai->sin_addr)) == 0;
+  }
+  case NGTCP2_AF_INET6: {
+    const ngtcp2_sockaddr_in6 *ai = (const ngtcp2_sockaddr_in6 *)(void *)a,
+                              *bi = (const ngtcp2_sockaddr_in6 *)(void *)b;
+    return ai->sin6_port == bi->sin6_port &&
+           memcmp(&ai->sin6_addr, &bi->sin6_addr, sizeof(ai->sin6_addr)) == 0;
+  }
+  default:
+    ngtcp2_unreachable();
+  }
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_addr_eq(const ngtcp2_addr *a, const ngtcp2_addr *b) {
+  return a->addr->sa_family == b->addr->sa_family &&
+         sockaddr_eq(a->addr, b->addr);
+}
+
+uint32_t ngtcp2_addr_compare(const ngtcp2_addr *aa, const ngtcp2_addr *bb) {
+  uint32_t flags = NGTCP2_ADDR_COMPARE_FLAG_NONE;
+  const ngtcp2_sockaddr *a = aa->addr;
+  const ngtcp2_sockaddr *b = bb->addr;
+
+  if (a->sa_family != b->sa_family) {
+    return NGTCP2_ADDR_COMPARE_FLAG_FAMILY;
+  }
+
+  switch (a->sa_family) {
+  case NGTCP2_AF_INET: {
+    const ngtcp2_sockaddr_in *ai = (const ngtcp2_sockaddr_in *)(void *)a,
+                             *bi = (const ngtcp2_sockaddr_in *)(void *)b;
+    if (memcmp(&ai->sin_addr, &bi->sin_addr, sizeof(ai->sin_addr))) {
+      flags |= NGTCP2_ADDR_COMPARE_FLAG_ADDR;
+    }
+    if (ai->sin_port != bi->sin_port) {
+      flags |= NGTCP2_ADDR_COMPARE_FLAG_PORT;
+    }
+    return flags;
+  }
+  case NGTCP2_AF_INET6: {
+    const ngtcp2_sockaddr_in6 *ai = (const ngtcp2_sockaddr_in6 *)(void *)a,
+                              *bi = (const ngtcp2_sockaddr_in6 *)(void *)b;
+    if (memcmp(&ai->sin6_addr, &bi->sin6_addr, sizeof(ai->sin6_addr))) {
+      flags |= NGTCP2_ADDR_COMPARE_FLAG_ADDR;
+    }
+    if (ai->sin6_port != bi->sin6_port) {
+      flags |= NGTCP2_ADDR_COMPARE_FLAG_PORT;
+    }
+    return flags;
+  }
+  default:
+    ngtcp2_unreachable();
+  }
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_addr_empty(const ngtcp2_addr *addr) { return addr->addrlen == 0; }
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_addr.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_addr.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f1d7f7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_addr.h
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_ADDR_H
+#define NGTCP2_ADDR_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_addr_copy copies |src| to |dest|.  This function assumes
+ * that dest->addr points to a buffer which have sufficient size to
+ * store the copy.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_addr_copy(ngtcp2_addr *dest, const ngtcp2_addr *src);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_addr_eq returns nonzero if |a| equals |b|.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_addr_eq(const ngtcp2_addr *a, const ngtcp2_addr *b);
+
+/* NGTCP2_ADDR_COMPARE_FLAG_NONE indicates that no flag set. */
+#define NGTCP2_ADDR_COMPARE_FLAG_NONE 0x0u
+/* NGTCP2_ADDR_COMPARE_FLAG_ADDR indicates IP addresses do not
+   match. */
+#define NGTCP2_ADDR_COMPARE_FLAG_ADDR 0x1u
+/* NGTCP2_ADDR_COMPARE_FLAG_PORT indicates ports do not match. */
+#define NGTCP2_ADDR_COMPARE_FLAG_PORT 0x2u
+/* NGTCP2_ADDR_COMPARE_FLAG_FAMILY indicates address families do not
+   match. */
+#define NGTCP2_ADDR_COMPARE_FLAG_FAMILY 0x4u
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_addr_compare compares address and port between |a| and |b|,
+ * and returns zero or more of NGTCP2_ADDR_COMPARE_FLAG_*.
+ */
+uint32_t ngtcp2_addr_compare(const ngtcp2_addr *a, const ngtcp2_addr *b);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_addr_empty returns nonzero if |addr| has zero length
+ * address.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_addr_empty(const ngtcp2_addr *addr);
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_ADDR_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_balloc.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_balloc.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5cc39ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_balloc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2022 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_balloc.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_mem.h"
+
+void ngtcp2_balloc_init(ngtcp2_balloc *balloc, size_t blklen,
+                        const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  assert((blklen & 0xfu) == 0);
+
+  balloc->mem = mem;
+  balloc->blklen = blklen;
+  balloc->head = NULL;
+  ngtcp2_buf_init(&balloc->buf, (void *)"", 0);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_balloc_free(ngtcp2_balloc *balloc) {
+  if (balloc == NULL) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_balloc_clear(balloc);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_balloc_clear(ngtcp2_balloc *balloc) {
+  ngtcp2_memblock_hd *p, *next;
+
+  for (p = balloc->head; p; p = next) {
+    next = p->next;
+    ngtcp2_mem_free(balloc->mem, p);
+  }
+
+  balloc->head = NULL;
+  ngtcp2_buf_init(&balloc->buf, (void *)"", 0);
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_balloc_get(ngtcp2_balloc *balloc, void **pbuf, size_t n) {
+  uint8_t *p;
+  ngtcp2_memblock_hd *hd;
+
+  assert(n <= balloc->blklen);
+
+  if (ngtcp2_buf_left(&balloc->buf) < n) {
+    p = ngtcp2_mem_malloc(balloc->mem,
+                          sizeof(ngtcp2_memblock_hd) + 0x10u + balloc->blklen);
+    if (p == NULL) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+    }
+
+    hd = (ngtcp2_memblock_hd *)(void *)p;
+    hd->next = balloc->head;
+    balloc->head = hd;
+    ngtcp2_buf_init(
+        &balloc->buf,
+        (uint8_t *)(((uintptr_t)p + sizeof(ngtcp2_memblock_hd) + 0xfu) &
+                    ~(uintptr_t)0xfu),
+        balloc->blklen);
+  }
+
+  assert(((uintptr_t)balloc->buf.last & 0xfu) == 0);
+
+  *pbuf = balloc->buf.last;
+  balloc->buf.last += (n + 0xfu) & ~(uintptr_t)0xfu;
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_balloc.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_balloc.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fb1632
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_balloc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2022 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_BALLOC_H
+#define NGTCP2_BALLOC_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_buf.h"
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_memblock_hd ngtcp2_memblock_hd;
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_memblock_hd is the header of memory block.
+ */
+struct ngtcp2_memblock_hd {
+  ngtcp2_memblock_hd *next;
+};
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_balloc is a custom memory allocator.  It allocates |blklen|
+ * bytes of memory at once on demand, and returns its slice when the
+ * allocation is requested.
+ */
+typedef struct ngtcp2_balloc {
+  /* mem is the underlying memory allocator. */
+  const ngtcp2_mem *mem;
+  /* blklen is the size of memory block. */
+  size_t blklen;
+  /* head points to the list of memory block allocated so far. */
+  ngtcp2_memblock_hd *head;
+  /* buf wraps the current memory block for allocation requests. */
+  ngtcp2_buf buf;
+} ngtcp2_balloc;
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_balloc_init initializes |balloc| with |blklen| which is the
+ * size of memory block.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_balloc_init(ngtcp2_balloc *balloc, size_t blklen,
+                        const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_balloc_free releases all allocated memory blocks.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_balloc_free(ngtcp2_balloc *balloc);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_balloc_get allocates |n| bytes of memory and assigns its
+ * pointer to |*pbuf|.
+ *
+ * It returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following negative error
+ * codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_balloc_get(ngtcp2_balloc *balloc, void **pbuf, size_t n);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_balloc_clear releases all allocated memory blocks and
+ * initializes its state.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_balloc_clear(ngtcp2_balloc *balloc);
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_BALLOC_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_bbr.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_bbr.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed26d3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_bbr.c
@@ -0,0 +1,692 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_bbr.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_log.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_macro.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_mem.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_rcvry.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_rst.h"
+
+static const double pacing_gain_cycle[] = {1.25, 0.75, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1};
+
+#define NGTCP2_BBR_GAIN_CYCLELEN ngtcp2_arraylen(pacing_gain_cycle)
+
+#define NGTCP2_BBR_HIGH_GAIN 2.89
+#define NGTCP2_BBR_PROBE_RTT_DURATION (200 * NGTCP2_MILLISECONDS)
+#define NGTCP2_RTPROP_FILTERLEN (10 * NGTCP2_SECONDS)
+#define NGTCP2_BBR_BTL_BW_FILTERLEN 10
+
+static void bbr_update_on_ack(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                              const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+static void bbr_update_model_and_state(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc,
+                                       ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                       const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack,
+                                       ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+static void bbr_update_control_parameters(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc,
+                                          ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                          const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack);
+static void bbr_on_transmit(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat);
+static void bbr_init_round_counting(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc);
+static void bbr_update_round(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack);
+static void bbr_update_btl_bw(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                              const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack);
+static void bbr_update_rtprop(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                              ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+static void bbr_init_pacing_rate(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat);
+static void bbr_set_pacing_rate_with_gain(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc,
+                                          ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                          double pacing_gain);
+static void bbr_set_pacing_rate(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat);
+static void bbr_set_send_quantum(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat);
+static void bbr_update_target_cwnd(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat);
+static void bbr_modulate_cwnd_for_recovery(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc,
+                                           ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                           const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack);
+static void bbr_save_cwnd(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat);
+static void bbr_restore_cwnd(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat);
+static void bbr_modulate_cwnd_for_probe_rtt(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc,
+                                            ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat);
+static void bbr_set_cwnd(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                         const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack);
+static void bbr_init(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                     ngtcp2_tstamp initial_ts);
+static void bbr_enter_startup(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc);
+static void bbr_init_full_pipe(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc);
+static void bbr_check_full_pipe(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc);
+static void bbr_enter_drain(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc);
+static void bbr_check_drain(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                            ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+static void bbr_enter_probe_bw(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+static void bbr_check_cycle_phase(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                  const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+static void bbr_advance_cycle_phase(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+static int bbr_is_next_cycle_phase(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                   const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+static void bbr_handle_restart_from_idle(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc,
+                                         ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat);
+static void bbr_check_probe_rtt(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+static void bbr_enter_probe_rtt(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc);
+static void bbr_handle_probe_rtt(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                 ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+static void bbr_exit_probe_rtt(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+void ngtcp2_bbr_cc_init(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                        ngtcp2_rst *rst, ngtcp2_tstamp initial_ts,
+                        ngtcp2_rand rand, const ngtcp2_rand_ctx *rand_ctx,
+                        ngtcp2_log *log) {
+  cc->ccb.log = log;
+  cc->rst = rst;
+  cc->rand = rand;
+  cc->rand_ctx = *rand_ctx;
+  cc->initial_cwnd = cstat->cwnd;
+  bbr_init(cc, cstat, initial_ts);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_bbr_cc_free(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc) { (void)cc; }
+
+int ngtcp2_cc_bbr_cc_init(ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_log *log,
+                          ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat, ngtcp2_rst *rst,
+                          ngtcp2_tstamp initial_ts, ngtcp2_rand rand,
+                          const ngtcp2_rand_ctx *rand_ctx,
+                          const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  ngtcp2_bbr_cc *bbr_cc;
+
+  bbr_cc = ngtcp2_mem_calloc(mem, 1, sizeof(ngtcp2_bbr_cc));
+  if (bbr_cc == NULL) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_bbr_cc_init(bbr_cc, cstat, rst, initial_ts, rand, rand_ctx, log);
+
+  cc->ccb = &bbr_cc->ccb;
+  cc->on_pkt_acked = ngtcp2_cc_bbr_cc_on_pkt_acked;
+  cc->congestion_event = ngtcp2_cc_bbr_cc_congestion_event;
+  cc->on_spurious_congestion = ngtcp2_cc_bbr_cc_on_spurious_congestion;
+  cc->on_persistent_congestion = ngtcp2_cc_bbr_cc_on_persistent_congestion;
+  cc->on_ack_recv = ngtcp2_cc_bbr_cc_on_ack_recv;
+  cc->on_pkt_sent = ngtcp2_cc_bbr_cc_on_pkt_sent;
+  cc->new_rtt_sample = ngtcp2_cc_bbr_cc_new_rtt_sample;
+  cc->reset = ngtcp2_cc_bbr_cc_reset;
+  cc->event = ngtcp2_cc_bbr_cc_event;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_bbr_cc_free(ngtcp2_cc *cc, const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  ngtcp2_bbr_cc *bbr_cc = ngtcp2_struct_of(cc->ccb, ngtcp2_bbr_cc, ccb);
+
+  ngtcp2_bbr_cc_free(bbr_cc);
+  ngtcp2_mem_free(mem, bbr_cc);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_bbr_cc_on_pkt_acked(ngtcp2_cc *ccx, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                   const ngtcp2_cc_pkt *pkt, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  (void)ccx;
+  (void)cstat;
+  (void)pkt;
+  (void)ts;
+}
+
+static int in_congestion_recovery(const ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                  ngtcp2_tstamp sent_time) {
+  return cstat->congestion_recovery_start_ts != UINT64_MAX &&
+         sent_time <= cstat->congestion_recovery_start_ts;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_bbr_cc_congestion_event(ngtcp2_cc *ccx, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                       ngtcp2_tstamp sent_ts,
+                                       ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc = ngtcp2_struct_of(ccx->ccb, ngtcp2_bbr_cc, ccb);
+
+  if (cc->in_loss_recovery || cc->congestion_recovery_start_ts != UINT64_MAX ||
+      in_congestion_recovery(cstat, sent_ts)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  cc->congestion_recovery_start_ts = ts;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_bbr_cc_on_spurious_congestion(ngtcp2_cc *ccx,
+                                             ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                             ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc = ngtcp2_struct_of(ccx->ccb, ngtcp2_bbr_cc, ccb);
+  (void)ts;
+
+  cc->congestion_recovery_start_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+  cstat->congestion_recovery_start_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+
+  if (cc->in_loss_recovery) {
+    cc->in_loss_recovery = 0;
+    cc->packet_conservation = 0;
+    bbr_restore_cwnd(cc, cstat);
+  }
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_bbr_cc_on_persistent_congestion(ngtcp2_cc *ccx,
+                                               ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                               ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc = ngtcp2_struct_of(ccx->ccb, ngtcp2_bbr_cc, ccb);
+  (void)ts;
+
+  cstat->congestion_recovery_start_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+  cc->congestion_recovery_start_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+  cc->in_loss_recovery = 0;
+  cc->packet_conservation = 0;
+
+  bbr_save_cwnd(cc, cstat);
+  cstat->cwnd = 2 * cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_bbr_cc_on_ack_recv(ngtcp2_cc *ccx, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                  const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_bbr_cc *bbr_cc = ngtcp2_struct_of(ccx->ccb, ngtcp2_bbr_cc, ccb);
+
+  bbr_update_on_ack(bbr_cc, cstat, ack, ts);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_bbr_cc_on_pkt_sent(ngtcp2_cc *ccx, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                  const ngtcp2_cc_pkt *pkt) {
+  ngtcp2_bbr_cc *bbr_cc = ngtcp2_struct_of(ccx->ccb, ngtcp2_bbr_cc, ccb);
+  (void)pkt;
+
+  bbr_on_transmit(bbr_cc, cstat);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_bbr_cc_new_rtt_sample(ngtcp2_cc *ccx, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                     ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  (void)ccx;
+  (void)cstat;
+  (void)ts;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_bbr_cc_reset(ngtcp2_cc *ccx, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                            ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_bbr_cc *bbr_cc = ngtcp2_struct_of(ccx->ccb, ngtcp2_bbr_cc, ccb);
+  bbr_init(bbr_cc, cstat, ts);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_bbr_cc_event(ngtcp2_cc *ccx, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                            ngtcp2_cc_event_type event, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  (void)ccx;
+  (void)cstat;
+  (void)event;
+  (void)ts;
+}
+
+static void bbr_update_on_ack(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                              const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  bbr_update_model_and_state(cc, cstat, ack, ts);
+  bbr_update_control_parameters(cc, cstat, ack);
+}
+
+static void bbr_update_model_and_state(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc,
+                                       ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                       const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack,
+                                       ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  bbr_update_btl_bw(cc, cstat, ack);
+  bbr_check_cycle_phase(cc, cstat, ack, ts);
+  bbr_check_full_pipe(cc);
+  bbr_check_drain(cc, cstat, ts);
+  bbr_update_rtprop(cc, cstat, ts);
+  bbr_check_probe_rtt(cc, cstat, ts);
+}
+
+static void bbr_update_control_parameters(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc,
+                                          ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                          const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack) {
+  bbr_set_pacing_rate(cc, cstat);
+  bbr_set_send_quantum(cc, cstat);
+  bbr_set_cwnd(cc, cstat, ack);
+}
+
+static void bbr_on_transmit(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  bbr_handle_restart_from_idle(cc, cstat);
+}
+
+static void bbr_init_round_counting(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc) {
+  cc->next_round_delivered = 0;
+  cc->round_start = 0;
+  cc->round_count = 0;
+}
+
+static void bbr_update_round(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack) {
+  if (ack->pkt_delivered >= cc->next_round_delivered) {
+    cc->next_round_delivered = cc->rst->delivered;
+    ++cc->round_count;
+    cc->round_start = 1;
+
+    return;
+  }
+
+  cc->round_start = 0;
+}
+
+static void bbr_handle_recovery(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack) {
+  if (cc->in_loss_recovery) {
+    if (ack->pkt_delivered >= cc->congestion_recovery_next_round_delivered) {
+      cc->packet_conservation = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (!in_congestion_recovery(cstat, ack->largest_acked_sent_ts)) {
+      cc->in_loss_recovery = 0;
+      cc->packet_conservation = 0;
+      bbr_restore_cwnd(cc, cstat);
+    }
+
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (cc->congestion_recovery_start_ts != UINT64_MAX) {
+    cc->in_loss_recovery = 1;
+    bbr_save_cwnd(cc, cstat);
+    cstat->cwnd =
+        cstat->bytes_in_flight +
+        ngtcp2_max(ack->bytes_delivered, cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size);
+
+    cstat->congestion_recovery_start_ts = cc->congestion_recovery_start_ts;
+    cc->congestion_recovery_start_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+    cc->packet_conservation = 1;
+    cc->congestion_recovery_next_round_delivered = cc->rst->delivered;
+  }
+}
+
+static void bbr_update_btl_bw(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                              const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack) {
+  bbr_update_round(cc, ack);
+  bbr_handle_recovery(cc, cstat, ack);
+
+  if (cstat->delivery_rate_sec < cc->btl_bw && cc->rst->rs.is_app_limited) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_window_filter_update(&cc->btl_bw_filter, cstat->delivery_rate_sec,
+                              cc->round_count);
+
+  cc->btl_bw = ngtcp2_window_filter_get_best(&cc->btl_bw_filter);
+}
+
+static void bbr_update_rtprop(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                              ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  cc->rtprop_expired = ts > cc->rtprop_stamp + NGTCP2_RTPROP_FILTERLEN;
+
+  /* Need valid RTT sample */
+  if (cstat->latest_rtt &&
+      (cstat->latest_rtt <= cc->rt_prop || cc->rtprop_expired)) {
+    cc->rt_prop = cstat->latest_rtt;
+    cc->rtprop_stamp = ts;
+
+    ngtcp2_log_info(cc->ccb.log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                    "bbr update RTprop=%" PRIu64, cc->rt_prop);
+  }
+}
+
+static void bbr_init_pacing_rate(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  double nominal_bandwidth =
+      (double)cc->initial_cwnd / (double)NGTCP2_MILLISECONDS;
+
+  cstat->pacing_rate = cc->pacing_gain * nominal_bandwidth;
+}
+
+static void bbr_set_pacing_rate_with_gain(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc,
+                                          ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                          double pacing_gain) {
+  double rate = pacing_gain * (double)cc->btl_bw / NGTCP2_SECONDS;
+
+  if (cc->filled_pipe || rate > cstat->pacing_rate) {
+    cstat->pacing_rate = rate;
+  }
+}
+
+static void bbr_set_pacing_rate(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  bbr_set_pacing_rate_with_gain(cc, cstat, cc->pacing_gain);
+}
+
+static void bbr_set_send_quantum(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  uint64_t send_quantum;
+  (void)cc;
+
+  if (cstat->pacing_rate < 1.2 * 1024 * 1024 / 8 / NGTCP2_SECONDS) {
+    cstat->send_quantum = cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size;
+  } else if (cstat->pacing_rate < 24.0 * 1024 * 1024 / 8 / NGTCP2_SECONDS) {
+    cstat->send_quantum = cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size * 2;
+  } else {
+    send_quantum =
+        (uint64_t)(cstat->pacing_rate * (double)(cstat->min_rtt == UINT64_MAX
+                                                     ? NGTCP2_MILLISECONDS
+                                                     : cstat->min_rtt));
+    cstat->send_quantum = (size_t)ngtcp2_min(send_quantum, 64 * 1024);
+  }
+
+  cstat->send_quantum =
+      ngtcp2_max(cstat->send_quantum, cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size * 10);
+}
+
+static uint64_t bbr_inflight(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                             double gain) {
+  uint64_t quanta = 3 * cstat->send_quantum;
+  double estimated_bdp;
+
+  if (cc->rt_prop == UINT64_MAX) {
+    /* no valid RTT samples yet */
+    return cc->initial_cwnd;
+  }
+
+  estimated_bdp = (double)cc->btl_bw * (double)cc->rt_prop / NGTCP2_SECONDS;
+
+  return (uint64_t)(gain * estimated_bdp) + quanta;
+}
+
+static void bbr_update_target_cwnd(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  cc->target_cwnd = bbr_inflight(cc, cstat, cc->cwnd_gain);
+}
+
+static void bbr_modulate_cwnd_for_recovery(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc,
+                                           ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                           const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack) {
+  if (ack->bytes_lost > 0) {
+    if (cstat->cwnd > ack->bytes_lost) {
+      cstat->cwnd -= ack->bytes_lost;
+      cstat->cwnd = ngtcp2_max(cstat->cwnd, 2 * cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size);
+    } else {
+      cstat->cwnd = 2 * cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (cc->packet_conservation) {
+    cstat->cwnd =
+        ngtcp2_max(cstat->cwnd, cstat->bytes_in_flight + ack->bytes_delivered);
+  }
+}
+
+static void bbr_save_cwnd(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  if (!cc->in_loss_recovery && cc->state != NGTCP2_BBR_STATE_PROBE_RTT) {
+    cc->prior_cwnd = cstat->cwnd;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  cc->prior_cwnd = ngtcp2_max(cc->prior_cwnd, cstat->cwnd);
+}
+
+static void bbr_restore_cwnd(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  cstat->cwnd = ngtcp2_max(cstat->cwnd, cc->prior_cwnd);
+}
+
+static uint64_t min_pipe_cwnd(size_t max_udp_payload_size) {
+  return max_udp_payload_size * 4;
+}
+
+static void bbr_modulate_cwnd_for_probe_rtt(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc,
+                                            ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  if (cc->state == NGTCP2_BBR_STATE_PROBE_RTT) {
+    cstat->cwnd =
+        ngtcp2_min(cstat->cwnd, min_pipe_cwnd(cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size));
+  }
+}
+
+static void bbr_set_cwnd(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                         const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack) {
+  bbr_update_target_cwnd(cc, cstat);
+  bbr_modulate_cwnd_for_recovery(cc, cstat, ack);
+
+  if (!cc->packet_conservation) {
+    if (cc->filled_pipe) {
+      cstat->cwnd =
+          ngtcp2_min(cstat->cwnd + ack->bytes_delivered, cc->target_cwnd);
+    } else if (cstat->cwnd < cc->target_cwnd ||
+               cc->rst->delivered < cc->initial_cwnd) {
+      cstat->cwnd += ack->bytes_delivered;
+    }
+
+    cstat->cwnd =
+        ngtcp2_max(cstat->cwnd, min_pipe_cwnd(cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size));
+  }
+
+  bbr_modulate_cwnd_for_probe_rtt(cc, cstat);
+}
+
+static void bbr_init(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                     ngtcp2_tstamp initial_ts) {
+  cc->pacing_gain = NGTCP2_BBR_HIGH_GAIN;
+  cc->prior_cwnd = 0;
+  cc->target_cwnd = 0;
+  cc->btl_bw = 0;
+  cc->rt_prop = UINT64_MAX;
+  cc->rtprop_stamp = initial_ts;
+  cc->cycle_stamp = UINT64_MAX;
+  cc->probe_rtt_done_stamp = UINT64_MAX;
+  cc->cycle_index = 0;
+  cc->rtprop_expired = 0;
+  cc->idle_restart = 0;
+  cc->packet_conservation = 0;
+  cc->probe_rtt_round_done = 0;
+
+  cc->congestion_recovery_start_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+  cc->congestion_recovery_next_round_delivered = 0;
+  cc->in_loss_recovery = 0;
+
+  cstat->send_quantum = cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size * 10;
+
+  ngtcp2_window_filter_init(&cc->btl_bw_filter, NGTCP2_BBR_BTL_BW_FILTERLEN);
+
+  bbr_init_round_counting(cc);
+  bbr_init_full_pipe(cc);
+  bbr_init_pacing_rate(cc, cstat);
+  bbr_enter_startup(cc);
+}
+
+static void bbr_enter_startup(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc) {
+  cc->state = NGTCP2_BBR_STATE_STARTUP;
+  cc->pacing_gain = NGTCP2_BBR_HIGH_GAIN;
+  cc->cwnd_gain = NGTCP2_BBR_HIGH_GAIN;
+}
+
+static void bbr_init_full_pipe(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc) {
+  cc->filled_pipe = 0;
+  cc->full_bw = 0;
+  cc->full_bw_count = 0;
+}
+
+static void bbr_check_full_pipe(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc) {
+  if (cc->filled_pipe || !cc->round_start || cc->rst->rs.is_app_limited) {
+    /* no need to check for a full pipe now. */
+    return;
+  }
+
+  /* cc->btl_bw still growing? */
+  if (cc->btl_bw * 100 >= cc->full_bw * 125) {
+    /* record new baseline level */
+    cc->full_bw = cc->btl_bw;
+    cc->full_bw_count = 0;
+    return;
+  }
+  /* another round w/o much growth */
+  ++cc->full_bw_count;
+  if (cc->full_bw_count >= 3) {
+    cc->filled_pipe = 1;
+    ngtcp2_log_info(cc->ccb.log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                    "bbr filled pipe, btl_bw=%" PRIu64, cc->btl_bw);
+  }
+}
+
+static void bbr_enter_drain(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc) {
+  cc->state = NGTCP2_BBR_STATE_DRAIN;
+  /* pace slowly */
+  cc->pacing_gain = 1.0 / NGTCP2_BBR_HIGH_GAIN;
+  /* maintain cwnd */
+  cc->cwnd_gain = NGTCP2_BBR_HIGH_GAIN;
+}
+
+static void bbr_check_drain(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                            ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  if (cc->state == NGTCP2_BBR_STATE_STARTUP && cc->filled_pipe) {
+    ngtcp2_log_info(cc->ccb.log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                    "bbr exit Startup and enter Drain");
+
+    bbr_enter_drain(cc);
+  }
+
+  if (cc->state == NGTCP2_BBR_STATE_DRAIN &&
+      cstat->bytes_in_flight <= bbr_inflight(cc, cstat, 1.0)) {
+    ngtcp2_log_info(cc->ccb.log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                    "bbr exit Drain and enter ProbeBW");
+
+    /* we estimate queue is drained */
+    bbr_enter_probe_bw(cc, ts);
+  }
+}
+
+static void bbr_enter_probe_bw(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  uint8_t rand;
+
+  cc->state = NGTCP2_BBR_STATE_PROBE_BW;
+  cc->pacing_gain = 1;
+  cc->cwnd_gain = 2;
+
+  assert(cc->rand);
+
+  cc->rand(&rand, 1, &cc->rand_ctx);
+
+  cc->cycle_index = NGTCP2_BBR_GAIN_CYCLELEN - 1 - (size_t)(rand * 7 / 256);
+  bbr_advance_cycle_phase(cc, ts);
+}
+
+static void bbr_check_cycle_phase(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                  const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  if (cc->state == NGTCP2_BBR_STATE_PROBE_BW &&
+      bbr_is_next_cycle_phase(cc, cstat, ack, ts)) {
+    bbr_advance_cycle_phase(cc, ts);
+  }
+}
+
+static void bbr_advance_cycle_phase(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  cc->cycle_stamp = ts;
+  cc->cycle_index = (cc->cycle_index + 1) & (NGTCP2_BBR_GAIN_CYCLELEN - 1);
+  cc->pacing_gain = pacing_gain_cycle[cc->cycle_index];
+}
+
+static int bbr_is_next_cycle_phase(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                   const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  int is_full_length = (ts - cc->cycle_stamp) > cc->rt_prop;
+
+  if (cc->pacing_gain > 1) {
+    return is_full_length && (ack->bytes_lost > 0 ||
+                              ack->prior_bytes_in_flight >=
+                                  bbr_inflight(cc, cstat, cc->pacing_gain));
+  }
+
+  if (cc->pacing_gain < 1) {
+    return is_full_length ||
+           ack->prior_bytes_in_flight <= bbr_inflight(cc, cstat, 1);
+  }
+
+  return is_full_length;
+}
+
+static void bbr_handle_restart_from_idle(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc,
+                                         ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  if (cstat->bytes_in_flight == 0 && cc->rst->app_limited) {
+    ngtcp2_log_info(cc->ccb.log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV, "bbr restart from idle");
+
+    cc->idle_restart = 1;
+
+    if (cc->state == NGTCP2_BBR_STATE_PROBE_BW) {
+      bbr_set_pacing_rate_with_gain(cc, cstat, 1);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void bbr_check_probe_rtt(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  if (cc->state != NGTCP2_BBR_STATE_PROBE_RTT && cc->rtprop_expired &&
+      !cc->idle_restart) {
+    ngtcp2_log_info(cc->ccb.log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV, "bbr enter ProbeRTT");
+
+    bbr_enter_probe_rtt(cc);
+    bbr_save_cwnd(cc, cstat);
+    cc->probe_rtt_done_stamp = UINT64_MAX;
+  }
+
+  if (cc->state == NGTCP2_BBR_STATE_PROBE_RTT) {
+    bbr_handle_probe_rtt(cc, cstat, ts);
+  }
+
+  cc->idle_restart = 0;
+}
+
+static void bbr_enter_probe_rtt(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc) {
+  cc->state = NGTCP2_BBR_STATE_PROBE_RTT;
+  cc->pacing_gain = 1;
+  cc->cwnd_gain = 1;
+}
+
+static void bbr_handle_probe_rtt(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                 ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  uint64_t app_limited = cc->rst->delivered + cstat->bytes_in_flight;
+
+  /* Ignore low rate samples during NGTCP2_BBR_STATE_PROBE_RTT. */
+  cc->rst->app_limited = app_limited ? app_limited : 1;
+
+  if (cc->probe_rtt_done_stamp == UINT64_MAX &&
+      cstat->bytes_in_flight <= min_pipe_cwnd(cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size)) {
+    cc->probe_rtt_done_stamp = ts + NGTCP2_BBR_PROBE_RTT_DURATION;
+    cc->probe_rtt_round_done = 0;
+    cc->next_round_delivered = cc->rst->delivered;
+
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (cc->probe_rtt_done_stamp != UINT64_MAX) {
+    if (cc->round_start) {
+      cc->probe_rtt_round_done = 1;
+    }
+
+    if (cc->probe_rtt_round_done && ts > cc->probe_rtt_done_stamp) {
+      cc->rtprop_stamp = ts;
+      bbr_restore_cwnd(cc, cstat);
+      bbr_exit_probe_rtt(cc, ts);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void bbr_exit_probe_rtt(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  if (cc->filled_pipe) {
+    ngtcp2_log_info(cc->ccb.log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                    "bbr exit ProbeRTT and enter ProbeBW");
+
+    bbr_enter_probe_bw(cc, ts);
+
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_log_info(cc->ccb.log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                  "bbr exit ProbeRTT and enter Startup");
+
+  bbr_enter_startup(cc);
+}
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_bbr.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_bbr.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7311f05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_bbr.h
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_BBR_H
+#define NGTCP2_BBR_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_cc.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_window_filter.h"
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_rst ngtcp2_rst;
+
+typedef enum ngtcp2_bbr_state {
+  NGTCP2_BBR_STATE_STARTUP,
+  NGTCP2_BBR_STATE_DRAIN,
+  NGTCP2_BBR_STATE_PROBE_BW,
+  NGTCP2_BBR_STATE_PROBE_RTT,
+} ngtcp2_bbr_state;
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_bbr_cc is BBR congestion controller, described in
+ * https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-cardwell-iccrg-bbr-congestion-control-00
+ */
+typedef struct ngtcp2_bbr_cc {
+  ngtcp2_cc_base ccb;
+
+  /* The max filter used to estimate BBR.BtlBw. */
+  ngtcp2_window_filter btl_bw_filter;
+  uint64_t initial_cwnd;
+  ngtcp2_rst *rst;
+  ngtcp2_rand rand;
+  ngtcp2_rand_ctx rand_ctx;
+
+  /* BBR variables */
+
+  /* The dynamic gain factor used to scale BBR.BtlBw to
+         produce BBR.pacing_rate. */
+  double pacing_gain;
+  /* The dynamic gain factor used to scale the estimated BDP to produce a
+     congestion window (cwnd). */
+  double cwnd_gain;
+  uint64_t full_bw;
+  /* packet.delivered value denoting the end of a packet-timed round trip. */
+  uint64_t next_round_delivered;
+  /* Count of packet-timed round trips. */
+  uint64_t round_count;
+  uint64_t prior_cwnd;
+  /* target_cwnd is the upper bound on the volume of data BBR
+     allows in flight. */
+  uint64_t target_cwnd;
+  /* BBR's estimated bottleneck bandwidth available to the
+     transport flow, estimated from the maximum delivery rate sample in a
+     sliding window. */
+  uint64_t btl_bw;
+  /* BBR's estimated two-way round-trip propagation delay of
+     the path, estimated from the windowed minimum recent round-trip delay
+     sample. */
+  ngtcp2_duration rt_prop;
+  /* The wall clock time at which the current BBR.RTProp
+     sample was obtained. */
+  ngtcp2_tstamp rtprop_stamp;
+  ngtcp2_tstamp cycle_stamp;
+  ngtcp2_tstamp probe_rtt_done_stamp;
+  /* congestion_recovery_start_ts is the time when congestion recovery
+     period started.*/
+  ngtcp2_tstamp congestion_recovery_start_ts;
+  uint64_t congestion_recovery_next_round_delivered;
+  size_t full_bw_count;
+  size_t cycle_index;
+  ngtcp2_bbr_state state;
+  /* A boolean that records whether BBR estimates that it has ever fully
+     utilized its available bandwidth ("filled the pipe"). */
+  int filled_pipe;
+  /* A boolean that BBR sets to true once per packet-timed round trip,
+     on ACKs that advance BBR.round_count. */
+  int round_start;
+  int rtprop_expired;
+  int idle_restart;
+  int packet_conservation;
+  int probe_rtt_round_done;
+  /* in_loss_recovery becomes nonzero when BBR enters loss recovery
+     period. */
+  int in_loss_recovery;
+} ngtcp2_bbr_cc;
+
+int ngtcp2_cc_bbr_cc_init(ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_log *log,
+                          ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat, ngtcp2_rst *rst,
+                          ngtcp2_tstamp initial_ts, ngtcp2_rand rand,
+                          const ngtcp2_rand_ctx *rand_ctx,
+                          const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_bbr_cc_free(ngtcp2_cc *cc, const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+void ngtcp2_bbr_cc_init(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *bbr_cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                        ngtcp2_rst *rst, ngtcp2_tstamp initial_ts,
+                        ngtcp2_rand rand, const ngtcp2_rand_ctx *rand_ctx,
+                        ngtcp2_log *log);
+
+void ngtcp2_bbr_cc_free(ngtcp2_bbr_cc *cc);
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_bbr_cc_on_pkt_acked(ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                   const ngtcp2_cc_pkt *pkt, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_bbr_cc_congestion_event(ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                       ngtcp2_tstamp sent_ts, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_bbr_cc_on_spurious_congestion(ngtcp2_cc *ccx,
+                                             ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                             ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_bbr_cc_on_persistent_congestion(ngtcp2_cc *cc,
+                                               ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                               ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_bbr_cc_on_ack_recv(ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                  const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_bbr_cc_on_pkt_sent(ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                  const ngtcp2_cc_pkt *pkt);
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_bbr_cc_new_rtt_sample(ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                     ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_bbr_cc_reset(ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                            ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_bbr_cc_event(ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                            ngtcp2_cc_event_type event, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_BBR_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_bbr2.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_bbr2.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..508ab55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_bbr2.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1489 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_bbr2.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_log.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_macro.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_mem.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_rcvry.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_rst.h"
+
+#define NGTCP2_BBR_MAX_BW_FILTERLEN 2
+
+#define NGTCP2_BBR_EXTRA_ACKED_FILTERLEN 10
+
+#define NGTCP2_BBR_STARTUP_PACING_GAIN ((double)2.77)
+
+#define NGTCP2_BBR_STARTUP_CWND_GAIN 2
+
+#define NGTCP2_BBR_PROBE_RTT_CWND_GAIN ((double)0.5)
+
+#define NGTCP2_BBR_BETA_NUMER 7
+#define NGTCP2_BBR_BETA_DENOM 10
+
+#define NGTCP2_BBR_LOSS_THRESH_NUMER 2
+#define NGTCP2_BBR_LOSS_THRESH_DENOM 100
+
+#define NGTCP2_BBR_HEADROOM_NUMER 15
+#define NGTCP2_BBR_HEADROOM_DENOM 100
+
+#define NGTCP2_BBR_PROBE_RTT_INTERVAL (5 * NGTCP2_SECONDS)
+#define NGTCP2_BBR_MIN_RTT_FILTERLEN (10 * NGTCP2_SECONDS)
+
+#define NGTCP2_BBR_PROBE_RTT_DURATION (200 * NGTCP2_MILLISECONDS)
+
+#define NGTCP2_BBR_PACING_MARGIN_PERCENT 1
+
+static void bbr_on_init(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                        ngtcp2_tstamp initial_ts);
+
+static void bbr_on_transmit(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                            ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+static void bbr_reset_congestion_signals(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr);
+
+static void bbr_reset_lower_bounds(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr);
+
+static void bbr_init_round_counting(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr);
+
+static void bbr_init_full_pipe(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr);
+
+static void bbr_init_pacing_rate(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat);
+
+static void bbr_set_pacing_rate_with_gain(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                          ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                          double pacing_gain);
+
+static void bbr_set_pacing_rate(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat);
+
+static void bbr_enter_startup(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr);
+
+static void bbr_check_startup_done(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                   const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack);
+
+static void bbr_update_on_ack(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                              const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+static void bbr_update_model_and_state(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *cc,
+                                       ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                       const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack,
+                                       ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+static void bbr_update_control_parameters(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *cc,
+                                          ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                          const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack);
+
+static void bbr_update_on_loss(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                               const ngtcp2_cc_pkt *pkt, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+static void bbr_update_latest_delivery_signals(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                               ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat);
+
+static void bbr_advance_latest_delivery_signals(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                                ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat);
+
+static void bbr_update_congestion_signals(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                          ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                          const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack);
+
+static void bbr_adapt_lower_bounds_from_congestion(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                                   ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat);
+
+static void bbr_init_lower_bounds(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat);
+
+static void bbr_loss_lower_bounds(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr);
+
+static void bbr_bound_bw_for_model(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr);
+
+static void bbr_update_max_bw(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                              const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack);
+
+static void bbr_update_round(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack);
+
+static void bbr_start_round(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr);
+
+static int bbr_is_in_probe_bw_state(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr);
+
+static void bbr_update_ack_aggregation(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                       ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                       const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack,
+                                       ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+static void bbr_enter_drain(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr);
+
+static void bbr_check_drain(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                            ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+static void bbr_enter_probe_bw(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+static void bbr_start_probe_bw_down(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+static void bbr_start_probe_bw_cruise(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr);
+
+static void bbr_start_probe_bw_refill(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr);
+
+static void bbr_start_probe_bw_up(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                  ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+static void bbr_update_probe_bw_cycle_phase(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                            ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                            const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack,
+                                            ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+static int bbr_check_time_to_cruise(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                    ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+static int bbr_has_elapsed_in_phase(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                    ngtcp2_duration interval, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+static uint64_t bbr_inflight_with_headroom(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                           ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat);
+
+static void bbr_raise_inflight_hi_slope(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                        ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat);
+
+static void bbr_probe_inflight_hi_upward(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                         ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                         const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack);
+
+static void bbr_adapt_upper_bounds(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                   const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+static int bbr_check_time_to_probe_bw(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                      ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                      ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+static void bbr_pick_probe_wait(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr);
+
+static int bbr_is_reno_coexistence_probe_time(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                              ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat);
+
+static uint64_t bbr_target_inflight(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                    ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat);
+
+static int bbr_check_inflight_too_high(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                       ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                       ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+static int is_inflight_too_high(const ngtcp2_rs *rs);
+
+static void bbr_handle_inflight_too_high(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                         ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                         const ngtcp2_rs *rs, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+static void bbr_handle_lost_packet(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                   const ngtcp2_cc_pkt *pkt, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+static uint64_t bbr_inflight_hi_from_lost_packet(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                                 const ngtcp2_rs *rs,
+                                                 const ngtcp2_cc_pkt *pkt);
+
+static void bbr_update_min_rtt(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack,
+                               ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+static void bbr_check_probe_rtt(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+static void bbr_enter_probe_rtt(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr);
+
+static void bbr_handle_probe_rtt(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                 ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+static void bbr_check_probe_rtt_done(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                     ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+static void bbr_mark_connection_app_limited(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                            ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat);
+
+static void bbr_exit_probe_rtt(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+static void bbr_handle_restart_from_idle(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                         ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                         ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+static uint64_t bbr_bdp_multiple(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, uint64_t bw, double gain);
+
+static uint64_t bbr_quantization_budget(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                        ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                        uint64_t inflight);
+
+static uint64_t bbr_inflight(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                             uint64_t bw, double gain);
+
+static void bbr_update_max_inflight(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                    ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat);
+
+static void bbr_update_offload_budget(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                      ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat);
+
+static uint64_t min_pipe_cwnd(size_t max_udp_payload_size);
+
+static void bbr_advance_max_bw_filter(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr);
+
+static void bbr_modulate_cwnd_for_recovery(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                           ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                           const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack);
+
+static void bbr_save_cwnd(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat);
+
+static void bbr_restore_cwnd(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat);
+
+static uint64_t bbr_probe_rtt_cwnd(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                   ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat);
+
+static void bbr_bound_cwnd_for_probe_rtt(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                         ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat);
+
+static void bbr_set_cwnd(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                         const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack);
+
+static void bbr_bound_cwnd_for_model(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                     ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat);
+
+static void bbr_set_send_quantum(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat);
+
+static int in_congestion_recovery(const ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                  ngtcp2_tstamp sent_time);
+
+static void bbr_handle_recovery(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack);
+
+static void bbr_on_init(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                        ngtcp2_tstamp initial_ts) {
+  ngtcp2_window_filter_init(&bbr->max_bw_filter, NGTCP2_BBR_MAX_BW_FILTERLEN);
+  ngtcp2_window_filter_init(&bbr->extra_acked_filter,
+                            NGTCP2_BBR_EXTRA_ACKED_FILTERLEN);
+
+  bbr->min_rtt = UINT64_MAX;
+  bbr->min_rtt_stamp = initial_ts;
+  /* remark: Use UINT64_MAX instead of 0 for consistency. */
+  bbr->probe_rtt_done_stamp = UINT64_MAX;
+  bbr->probe_rtt_round_done = 0;
+  bbr->prior_cwnd = 0;
+  bbr->idle_restart = 0;
+  bbr->extra_acked_interval_start = initial_ts;
+  bbr->extra_acked_delivered = 0;
+
+  bbr_reset_congestion_signals(bbr);
+  bbr_reset_lower_bounds(bbr);
+  bbr_init_round_counting(bbr);
+  bbr_init_full_pipe(bbr);
+  bbr_init_pacing_rate(bbr, cstat);
+  bbr_enter_startup(bbr);
+
+  cstat->send_quantum = cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size * 10;
+
+  /* Missing in documentation */
+  bbr->loss_round_start = 0;
+  bbr->loss_round_delivered = UINT64_MAX;
+
+  bbr->rounds_since_bw_probe = 0;
+
+  bbr->max_bw = 0;
+  bbr->bw = 0;
+
+  bbr->cycle_count = 0;
+
+  bbr->extra_acked = 0;
+
+  bbr->bytes_lost_in_round = 0;
+  bbr->loss_events_in_round = 0;
+
+  bbr->offload_budget = 0;
+
+  bbr->probe_up_cnt = UINT64_MAX;
+  bbr->cycle_stamp = UINT64_MAX;
+  bbr->ack_phase = 0;
+  bbr->bw_probe_wait = 0;
+  bbr->bw_probe_samples = 0;
+  bbr->bw_probe_up_rounds = 0;
+  bbr->bw_probe_up_acks = 0;
+
+  bbr->inflight_hi = UINT64_MAX;
+  bbr->bw_hi = UINT64_MAX;
+
+  bbr->probe_rtt_expired = 0;
+  bbr->probe_rtt_min_delay = UINT64_MAX;
+  bbr->probe_rtt_min_stamp = initial_ts;
+
+  bbr->in_loss_recovery = 0;
+  bbr->packet_conservation = 0;
+
+  bbr->max_inflight = 0;
+
+  bbr->congestion_recovery_start_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+  bbr->congestion_recovery_next_round_delivered = 0;
+
+  bbr->prior_inflight_lo = 0;
+  bbr->prior_inflight_hi = 0;
+  bbr->prior_bw_lo = 0;
+}
+
+static void bbr_reset_congestion_signals(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr) {
+  bbr->loss_in_round = 0;
+  bbr->bw_latest = 0;
+  bbr->inflight_latest = 0;
+}
+
+static void bbr_reset_lower_bounds(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr) {
+  bbr->bw_lo = UINT64_MAX;
+  bbr->inflight_lo = UINT64_MAX;
+}
+
+static void bbr_init_round_counting(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr) {
+  bbr->next_round_delivered = 0;
+  bbr->round_start = 0;
+  bbr->round_count = 0;
+}
+
+static void bbr_init_full_pipe(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr) {
+  bbr->filled_pipe = 0;
+  bbr->full_bw = 0;
+  bbr->full_bw_count = 0;
+}
+
+static void bbr_check_startup_full_bandwidth(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr) {
+  if (bbr->filled_pipe || !bbr->round_start || bbr->rst->rs.is_app_limited) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (bbr->max_bw * 100 >= bbr->full_bw * 125) {
+    bbr->full_bw = bbr->max_bw;
+    bbr->full_bw_count = 0;
+  }
+
+  ++bbr->full_bw_count;
+
+  if (bbr->full_bw_count >= 3) {
+    bbr->filled_pipe = 1;
+
+    ngtcp2_log_info(bbr->ccb.log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                    "bbr2 filled pipe, full_bw=%" PRIu64, bbr->full_bw);
+  }
+}
+
+static void bbr_check_startup_high_loss(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                        const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack) {
+  if (bbr->filled_pipe || !bbr->round_start || bbr->rst->rs.is_app_limited) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (bbr->loss_events_in_round <= 3) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  /* loss_thresh = 2% */
+  if (bbr->bytes_lost_in_round * 100 <= ack->prior_bytes_in_flight * 2) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  bbr->filled_pipe = 1;
+}
+
+static void bbr_init_pacing_rate(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  double nominal_bandwidth = (double)bbr->initial_cwnd;
+
+  cstat->pacing_rate = NGTCP2_BBR_STARTUP_PACING_GAIN * nominal_bandwidth /
+                       (double)NGTCP2_MILLISECONDS;
+}
+
+static void bbr_set_pacing_rate_with_gain(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                          ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                          double pacing_gain) {
+  double rate = pacing_gain * (double)bbr->bw *
+                (100 - NGTCP2_BBR_PACING_MARGIN_PERCENT) / 100 / NGTCP2_SECONDS;
+
+  if (bbr->filled_pipe || rate > cstat->pacing_rate) {
+    cstat->pacing_rate = rate;
+  }
+}
+
+static void bbr_set_pacing_rate(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  bbr_set_pacing_rate_with_gain(bbr, cstat, bbr->pacing_gain);
+}
+
+static void bbr_enter_startup(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr) {
+  ngtcp2_log_info(bbr->ccb.log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV, "bbr2 enter Startup");
+
+  bbr->state = NGTCP2_BBR2_STATE_STARTUP;
+  bbr->pacing_gain = NGTCP2_BBR_STARTUP_PACING_GAIN;
+  bbr->cwnd_gain = NGTCP2_BBR_STARTUP_CWND_GAIN;
+}
+
+static void bbr_check_startup_done(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                   const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack) {
+  bbr_check_startup_full_bandwidth(bbr);
+  bbr_check_startup_high_loss(bbr, ack);
+
+  if (bbr->state == NGTCP2_BBR2_STATE_STARTUP && bbr->filled_pipe) {
+    bbr_enter_drain(bbr);
+  }
+}
+
+static void bbr_on_transmit(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                            ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  bbr_handle_restart_from_idle(bbr, cstat, ts);
+}
+
+static void bbr_update_on_ack(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                              const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  bbr_update_model_and_state(bbr, cstat, ack, ts);
+  bbr_update_control_parameters(bbr, cstat, ack);
+}
+
+static void bbr_update_model_and_state(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                       ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                       const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack,
+                                       ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  bbr_update_latest_delivery_signals(bbr, cstat);
+  bbr_update_congestion_signals(bbr, cstat, ack);
+  bbr_update_ack_aggregation(bbr, cstat, ack, ts);
+  bbr_check_startup_done(bbr, ack);
+  bbr_check_drain(bbr, cstat, ts);
+  bbr_update_probe_bw_cycle_phase(bbr, cstat, ack, ts);
+  bbr_update_min_rtt(bbr, ack, ts);
+  bbr_check_probe_rtt(bbr, cstat, ts);
+  bbr_advance_latest_delivery_signals(bbr, cstat);
+  bbr_bound_bw_for_model(bbr);
+}
+
+static void bbr_update_control_parameters(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                          ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                          const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack) {
+  bbr_set_pacing_rate(bbr, cstat);
+  bbr_set_send_quantum(bbr, cstat);
+  bbr_set_cwnd(bbr, cstat, ack);
+}
+
+static void bbr_update_on_loss(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                               const ngtcp2_cc_pkt *pkt, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  bbr_handle_lost_packet(cc, cstat, pkt, ts);
+}
+
+static void bbr_update_latest_delivery_signals(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                               ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  bbr->loss_round_start = 0;
+  bbr->bw_latest = ngtcp2_max(bbr->bw_latest, cstat->delivery_rate_sec);
+  bbr->inflight_latest =
+      ngtcp2_max(bbr->inflight_latest, bbr->rst->rs.delivered);
+
+  if (bbr->rst->rs.prior_delivered >= bbr->loss_round_delivered) {
+    bbr->loss_round_delivered = bbr->rst->delivered;
+    bbr->loss_round_start = 1;
+  }
+}
+
+static void bbr_advance_latest_delivery_signals(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                                ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  if (bbr->loss_round_start) {
+    bbr->bw_latest = cstat->delivery_rate_sec;
+    bbr->inflight_latest = bbr->rst->rs.delivered;
+  }
+}
+
+static void bbr_update_congestion_signals(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                          ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                          const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack) {
+  bbr_update_max_bw(bbr, cstat, ack);
+
+  if (ack->bytes_lost) {
+    bbr->bytes_lost_in_round += ack->bytes_lost;
+    ++bbr->loss_events_in_round;
+
+    if (!bbr->loss_in_round) {
+      bbr->loss_in_round = 1;
+      bbr->loss_round_delivered = bbr->rst->delivered;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!bbr->loss_round_start) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  bbr_adapt_lower_bounds_from_congestion(bbr, cstat);
+
+  bbr->loss_in_round = 0;
+}
+
+static void bbr_adapt_lower_bounds_from_congestion(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                                   ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  if (!bbr->filled_pipe || bbr_is_in_probe_bw_state(bbr)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (bbr->loss_in_round) {
+    bbr_init_lower_bounds(bbr, cstat);
+    bbr_loss_lower_bounds(bbr);
+  }
+}
+
+static void bbr_init_lower_bounds(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                  ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  if (bbr->bw_lo == UINT64_MAX) {
+    bbr->bw_lo = bbr->max_bw;
+  }
+
+  if (bbr->inflight_lo == UINT64_MAX) {
+    bbr->inflight_lo = cstat->cwnd;
+  }
+}
+
+static void bbr_loss_lower_bounds(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr) {
+  bbr->bw_lo = ngtcp2_max(bbr->bw_latest, bbr->bw_lo * NGTCP2_BBR_BETA_NUMER /
+                                              NGTCP2_BBR_BETA_DENOM);
+  bbr->inflight_lo = ngtcp2_max(bbr->inflight_latest,
+                                bbr->inflight_lo * NGTCP2_BBR_BETA_NUMER /
+                                    NGTCP2_BBR_BETA_DENOM);
+}
+
+static void bbr_bound_bw_for_model(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr) {
+  bbr->bw = ngtcp2_min(bbr->max_bw, bbr->bw_lo);
+  bbr->bw = ngtcp2_min(bbr->bw, bbr->bw_hi);
+}
+
+static void bbr_update_max_bw(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                              const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack) {
+  bbr_update_round(bbr, ack);
+  bbr_handle_recovery(bbr, cstat, ack);
+
+  if (cstat->delivery_rate_sec >= bbr->max_bw || !bbr->rst->rs.is_app_limited) {
+    ngtcp2_window_filter_update(&bbr->max_bw_filter, cstat->delivery_rate_sec,
+                                bbr->cycle_count);
+
+    bbr->max_bw = ngtcp2_window_filter_get_best(&bbr->max_bw_filter);
+  }
+}
+
+static void bbr_update_round(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack) {
+  if (ack->pkt_delivered >= bbr->next_round_delivered) {
+    bbr_start_round(bbr);
+
+    ++bbr->round_count;
+    ++bbr->rounds_since_bw_probe;
+    bbr->round_start = 1;
+
+    bbr->bytes_lost_in_round = 0;
+    bbr->loss_events_in_round = 0;
+
+    bbr->rst->is_cwnd_limited = 0;
+
+    return;
+  }
+
+  bbr->round_start = 0;
+}
+
+static void bbr_start_round(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr) {
+  bbr->next_round_delivered = bbr->rst->delivered;
+}
+
+static int bbr_is_in_probe_bw_state(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr) {
+  switch (bbr->state) {
+  case NGTCP2_BBR2_STATE_PROBE_BW_DOWN:
+  case NGTCP2_BBR2_STATE_PROBE_BW_CRUISE:
+  case NGTCP2_BBR2_STATE_PROBE_BW_REFILL:
+  case NGTCP2_BBR2_STATE_PROBE_BW_UP:
+    return 1;
+  default:
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+static void bbr_update_ack_aggregation(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                       ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                       const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack,
+                                       ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_duration interval = ts - bbr->extra_acked_interval_start;
+  uint64_t expected_delivered = bbr->bw * interval / NGTCP2_SECONDS;
+  uint64_t extra;
+
+  if (bbr->extra_acked_delivered <= expected_delivered) {
+    bbr->extra_acked_delivered = 0;
+    bbr->extra_acked_interval_start = ts;
+    expected_delivered = 0;
+  }
+
+  bbr->extra_acked_delivered += ack->bytes_delivered;
+  extra = bbr->extra_acked_delivered - expected_delivered;
+  extra = ngtcp2_min(extra, cstat->cwnd);
+
+  ngtcp2_window_filter_update(&bbr->extra_acked_filter, extra,
+                              bbr->round_count);
+
+  bbr->extra_acked = ngtcp2_window_filter_get_best(&bbr->extra_acked_filter);
+}
+
+static void bbr_enter_drain(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr) {
+  ngtcp2_log_info(bbr->ccb.log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV, "bbr2 enter Drain");
+
+  bbr->state = NGTCP2_BBR2_STATE_DRAIN;
+  bbr->pacing_gain = 1. / NGTCP2_BBR_STARTUP_CWND_GAIN;
+  bbr->cwnd_gain = NGTCP2_BBR_STARTUP_CWND_GAIN;
+}
+
+static void bbr_check_drain(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                            ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  if (bbr->state == NGTCP2_BBR2_STATE_DRAIN &&
+      cstat->bytes_in_flight <= bbr_inflight(bbr, cstat, bbr->bw, 1.0)) {
+    bbr_enter_probe_bw(bbr, ts);
+  }
+}
+
+static void bbr_enter_probe_bw(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  bbr_start_probe_bw_down(bbr, ts);
+}
+
+static void bbr_start_probe_bw_down(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_log_info(bbr->ccb.log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                  "bbr2 start ProbeBW_DOWN");
+
+  bbr_reset_congestion_signals(bbr);
+
+  bbr->probe_up_cnt = UINT64_MAX;
+
+  bbr_pick_probe_wait(bbr);
+
+  bbr->cycle_stamp = ts;
+  bbr->ack_phase = NGTCP2_BBR2_ACK_PHASE_ACKS_PROBE_STOPPING;
+
+  bbr_start_round(bbr);
+
+  bbr->state = NGTCP2_BBR2_STATE_PROBE_BW_DOWN;
+  bbr->pacing_gain = 0.9;
+  bbr->cwnd_gain = 2;
+}
+
+static void bbr_start_probe_bw_cruise(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr) {
+  ngtcp2_log_info(bbr->ccb.log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                  "bbr2 start ProbeBW_CRUISE");
+
+  bbr->state = NGTCP2_BBR2_STATE_PROBE_BW_CRUISE;
+  bbr->pacing_gain = 1.0;
+  bbr->cwnd_gain = 2;
+}
+
+static void bbr_start_probe_bw_refill(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr) {
+  ngtcp2_log_info(bbr->ccb.log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                  "bbr2 start ProbeBW_REFILL");
+
+  bbr_reset_lower_bounds(bbr);
+
+  bbr->bw_probe_up_rounds = 0;
+  bbr->bw_probe_up_acks = 0;
+  bbr->ack_phase = NGTCP2_BBR2_ACK_PHASE_ACKS_REFILLING;
+
+  bbr_start_round(bbr);
+
+  bbr->state = NGTCP2_BBR2_STATE_PROBE_BW_REFILL;
+  bbr->pacing_gain = 1.0;
+  bbr->cwnd_gain = 2;
+}
+
+static void bbr_start_probe_bw_up(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                  ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_log_info(bbr->ccb.log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV, "bbr2 start ProbeBW_UP");
+
+  bbr->ack_phase = NGTCP2_BBR2_ACK_PHASE_ACKS_PROBE_STARTING;
+
+  bbr_start_round(bbr);
+
+  bbr->cycle_stamp = ts;
+  bbr->state = NGTCP2_BBR2_STATE_PROBE_BW_UP;
+  bbr->pacing_gain = 1.25;
+  bbr->cwnd_gain = 2;
+
+  bbr_raise_inflight_hi_slope(bbr, cstat);
+}
+
+static void bbr_update_probe_bw_cycle_phase(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                            ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                            const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack,
+                                            ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  if (!bbr->filled_pipe) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  bbr_adapt_upper_bounds(bbr, cstat, ack, ts);
+
+  if (!bbr_is_in_probe_bw_state(bbr)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  switch (bbr->state) {
+  case NGTCP2_BBR2_STATE_PROBE_BW_DOWN:
+    if (bbr_check_time_to_probe_bw(bbr, cstat, ts)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (bbr_check_time_to_cruise(bbr, cstat, ts)) {
+      bbr_start_probe_bw_cruise(bbr);
+    }
+
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_BBR2_STATE_PROBE_BW_CRUISE:
+    if (bbr_check_time_to_probe_bw(bbr, cstat, ts)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_BBR2_STATE_PROBE_BW_REFILL:
+    if (bbr->round_start) {
+      bbr->bw_probe_samples = 1;
+      bbr_start_probe_bw_up(bbr, cstat, ts);
+    }
+
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_BBR2_STATE_PROBE_BW_UP:
+    if (bbr_has_elapsed_in_phase(bbr, bbr->min_rtt, ts) &&
+        cstat->bytes_in_flight > bbr_inflight(bbr, cstat, bbr->max_bw, 1.25)) {
+      bbr_start_probe_bw_down(bbr, ts);
+    }
+
+    break;
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+static int bbr_check_time_to_cruise(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                    ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  (void)ts;
+
+  if (cstat->bytes_in_flight > bbr_inflight_with_headroom(bbr, cstat)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (cstat->bytes_in_flight <= bbr_inflight(bbr, cstat, bbr->max_bw, 1.0)) {
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int bbr_has_elapsed_in_phase(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                    ngtcp2_duration interval,
+                                    ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  return ts > bbr->cycle_stamp + interval;
+}
+
+static uint64_t bbr_inflight_with_headroom(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                           ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  uint64_t headroom;
+  uint64_t mpcwnd;
+  if (bbr->inflight_hi == UINT64_MAX) {
+    return UINT64_MAX;
+  }
+
+  headroom = ngtcp2_max(cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size,
+                        bbr->inflight_hi * NGTCP2_BBR_HEADROOM_NUMER /
+                            NGTCP2_BBR_HEADROOM_DENOM);
+  mpcwnd = min_pipe_cwnd(cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size);
+
+  if (bbr->inflight_hi > headroom) {
+    return ngtcp2_max(bbr->inflight_hi - headroom, mpcwnd);
+  }
+
+  return mpcwnd;
+}
+
+static void bbr_raise_inflight_hi_slope(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                        ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  uint64_t growth_this_round = cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size
+                               << bbr->bw_probe_up_rounds;
+
+  bbr->bw_probe_up_rounds = ngtcp2_min(bbr->bw_probe_up_rounds + 1, 30);
+  bbr->probe_up_cnt = ngtcp2_max(cstat->cwnd / growth_this_round, 1) *
+                      cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size;
+}
+
+static void bbr_probe_inflight_hi_upward(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                         ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                         const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack) {
+  uint64_t delta;
+
+  if (!bbr->rst->is_cwnd_limited || cstat->cwnd < bbr->inflight_hi) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  bbr->bw_probe_up_acks += ack->bytes_delivered;
+
+  if (bbr->bw_probe_up_acks >= bbr->probe_up_cnt) {
+    delta = bbr->bw_probe_up_acks / bbr->probe_up_cnt;
+    bbr->bw_probe_up_acks -= delta * bbr->probe_up_cnt;
+    bbr->inflight_hi += delta * cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size;
+  }
+
+  if (bbr->round_start) {
+    bbr_raise_inflight_hi_slope(bbr, cstat);
+  }
+}
+
+static void bbr_adapt_upper_bounds(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                   const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  if (bbr->ack_phase == NGTCP2_BBR2_ACK_PHASE_ACKS_PROBE_STARTING &&
+      bbr->round_start) {
+    bbr->ack_phase = NGTCP2_BBR2_ACK_PHASE_ACKS_PROBE_FEEDBACK;
+  }
+
+  if (bbr->ack_phase == NGTCP2_BBR2_ACK_PHASE_ACKS_PROBE_STOPPING &&
+      bbr->round_start) {
+    if (bbr_is_in_probe_bw_state(bbr) && !bbr->rst->rs.is_app_limited) {
+      bbr_advance_max_bw_filter(bbr);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!bbr_check_inflight_too_high(bbr, cstat, ts)) {
+    /* bbr->bw_hi never be updated */
+    if (bbr->inflight_hi == UINT64_MAX /* || bbr->bw_hi == UINT64_MAX */) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (bbr->rst->rs.tx_in_flight > bbr->inflight_hi) {
+      bbr->inflight_hi = bbr->rst->rs.tx_in_flight;
+    }
+
+    if (cstat->delivery_rate_sec > bbr->bw_hi) {
+      bbr->bw_hi = cstat->delivery_rate_sec;
+    }
+
+    if (bbr->state == NGTCP2_BBR2_STATE_PROBE_BW_UP) {
+      bbr_probe_inflight_hi_upward(bbr, cstat, ack);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static int bbr_check_time_to_probe_bw(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                      ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                      ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  if (bbr_has_elapsed_in_phase(bbr, bbr->bw_probe_wait, ts) ||
+      bbr_is_reno_coexistence_probe_time(bbr, cstat)) {
+    bbr_start_probe_bw_refill(bbr);
+
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static void bbr_pick_probe_wait(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr) {
+  uint8_t rand;
+
+  bbr->rand(&rand, 1, &bbr->rand_ctx);
+
+  bbr->rounds_since_bw_probe = (uint64_t)(rand * 2 / 256);
+
+  bbr->rand(&rand, 1, &bbr->rand_ctx);
+
+  bbr->bw_probe_wait = 2 * NGTCP2_SECONDS +
+                       (ngtcp2_tstamp)((double)rand / 255. * NGTCP2_SECONDS);
+}
+
+static int bbr_is_reno_coexistence_probe_time(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                              ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  uint64_t reno_rounds =
+      bbr_target_inflight(bbr, cstat) / cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size;
+
+  return bbr->rounds_since_bw_probe >= ngtcp2_min(reno_rounds, 63);
+}
+
+static uint64_t bbr_target_inflight(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                    ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  uint64_t bdp = bbr_inflight(bbr, cstat, bbr->bw, 1.0);
+
+  return ngtcp2_min(bdp, cstat->cwnd);
+}
+
+static int bbr_check_inflight_too_high(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                       ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                       ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  if (is_inflight_too_high(&bbr->rst->rs)) {
+    if (bbr->bw_probe_samples) {
+      bbr_handle_inflight_too_high(bbr, cstat, &bbr->rst->rs, ts);
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int is_inflight_too_high(const ngtcp2_rs *rs) {
+  return rs->lost * NGTCP2_BBR_LOSS_THRESH_DENOM >
+         rs->tx_in_flight * NGTCP2_BBR_LOSS_THRESH_NUMER;
+}
+
+static void bbr_handle_inflight_too_high(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                         ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                         const ngtcp2_rs *rs,
+                                         ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  bbr->bw_probe_samples = 0;
+
+  if (!rs->is_app_limited) {
+    bbr->prior_inflight_hi = bbr->inflight_hi;
+
+    bbr->inflight_hi = ngtcp2_max(
+        rs->tx_in_flight, bbr_target_inflight(bbr, cstat) *
+                              NGTCP2_BBR_BETA_NUMER / NGTCP2_BBR_BETA_DENOM);
+  }
+
+  if (bbr->state == NGTCP2_BBR2_STATE_PROBE_BW_UP) {
+    bbr_start_probe_bw_down(bbr, ts);
+  }
+}
+
+static void bbr_handle_lost_packet(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                   const ngtcp2_cc_pkt *pkt, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_rs rs = {0};
+
+  if (!bbr->bw_probe_samples) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  rs.tx_in_flight = pkt->tx_in_flight;
+  /* bbr->rst->lost is not incremented for pkt yet */
+  rs.lost = bbr->rst->lost + pkt->pktlen - pkt->lost;
+  rs.is_app_limited = pkt->is_app_limited;
+
+  if (is_inflight_too_high(&rs)) {
+    rs.tx_in_flight = bbr_inflight_hi_from_lost_packet(bbr, &rs, pkt);
+
+    bbr_handle_inflight_too_high(bbr, cstat, &rs, ts);
+  }
+}
+
+static uint64_t bbr_inflight_hi_from_lost_packet(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                                 const ngtcp2_rs *rs,
+                                                 const ngtcp2_cc_pkt *pkt) {
+  uint64_t inflight_prev, lost_prev, lost_prefix;
+  (void)bbr;
+
+  assert(rs->tx_in_flight >= pkt->pktlen);
+
+  inflight_prev = rs->tx_in_flight - pkt->pktlen;
+
+  assert(rs->lost >= pkt->pktlen);
+
+  lost_prev = rs->lost - pkt->pktlen;
+
+  if (inflight_prev * NGTCP2_BBR_LOSS_THRESH_NUMER <
+      lost_prev * NGTCP2_BBR_LOSS_THRESH_DENOM) {
+    return inflight_prev;
+  }
+
+  lost_prefix = (inflight_prev * NGTCP2_BBR_LOSS_THRESH_NUMER -
+                 lost_prev * NGTCP2_BBR_LOSS_THRESH_DENOM) /
+                (NGTCP2_BBR_LOSS_THRESH_DENOM - NGTCP2_BBR_LOSS_THRESH_NUMER);
+
+  return inflight_prev + lost_prefix;
+}
+
+static void bbr_update_min_rtt(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack,
+                               ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  int min_rtt_expired;
+
+  bbr->probe_rtt_expired =
+      ts > bbr->probe_rtt_min_stamp + NGTCP2_BBR_PROBE_RTT_INTERVAL;
+
+  if (ack->rtt != UINT64_MAX &&
+      (ack->rtt < bbr->probe_rtt_min_delay || bbr->probe_rtt_expired)) {
+    bbr->probe_rtt_min_delay = ack->rtt;
+    bbr->probe_rtt_min_stamp = ts;
+  }
+
+  min_rtt_expired = ts > bbr->min_rtt_stamp + NGTCP2_BBR_MIN_RTT_FILTERLEN;
+
+  if (bbr->probe_rtt_min_delay < bbr->min_rtt || min_rtt_expired) {
+    bbr->min_rtt = bbr->probe_rtt_min_delay;
+    bbr->min_rtt_stamp = bbr->probe_rtt_min_stamp;
+
+    ngtcp2_log_info(bbr->ccb.log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                    "bbr2 update min_rtt=%" PRIu64, bbr->min_rtt);
+  }
+}
+
+static void bbr_check_probe_rtt(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  if (bbr->state != NGTCP2_BBR2_STATE_PROBE_RTT && bbr->probe_rtt_expired &&
+      !bbr->idle_restart) {
+    bbr_enter_probe_rtt(bbr);
+    bbr_save_cwnd(bbr, cstat);
+
+    bbr->probe_rtt_done_stamp = UINT64_MAX;
+    bbr->ack_phase = NGTCP2_BBR2_ACK_PHASE_ACKS_PROBE_STOPPING;
+
+    bbr_start_round(bbr);
+  }
+
+  if (bbr->state == NGTCP2_BBR2_STATE_PROBE_RTT) {
+    bbr_handle_probe_rtt(bbr, cstat, ts);
+  }
+
+  if (bbr->rst->rs.delivered) {
+    bbr->idle_restart = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+static void bbr_enter_probe_rtt(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr) {
+  ngtcp2_log_info(bbr->ccb.log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV, "bbr2 enter ProbeRTT");
+
+  bbr->state = NGTCP2_BBR2_STATE_PROBE_RTT;
+  bbr->pacing_gain = 1;
+  bbr->cwnd_gain = NGTCP2_BBR_PROBE_RTT_CWND_GAIN;
+}
+
+static void bbr_handle_probe_rtt(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                 ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  bbr_mark_connection_app_limited(bbr, cstat);
+
+  if (bbr->probe_rtt_done_stamp == UINT64_MAX &&
+      cstat->bytes_in_flight <= bbr_probe_rtt_cwnd(bbr, cstat)) {
+    bbr->probe_rtt_done_stamp = ts + NGTCP2_BBR_PROBE_RTT_DURATION;
+    bbr->probe_rtt_round_done = 0;
+
+    bbr_start_round(bbr);
+
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (bbr->probe_rtt_done_stamp != UINT64_MAX) {
+    if (bbr->round_start) {
+      bbr->probe_rtt_round_done = 1;
+    }
+
+    if (bbr->probe_rtt_round_done) {
+      bbr_check_probe_rtt_done(bbr, cstat, ts);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void bbr_check_probe_rtt_done(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                     ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                     ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  if (bbr->probe_rtt_done_stamp != UINT64_MAX &&
+      ts > bbr->probe_rtt_done_stamp) {
+    bbr->probe_rtt_min_stamp = ts;
+    bbr_restore_cwnd(bbr, cstat);
+    bbr_exit_probe_rtt(bbr, ts);
+  }
+}
+
+static void bbr_mark_connection_app_limited(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                            ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  uint64_t app_limited = bbr->rst->delivered + cstat->bytes_in_flight;
+
+  if (app_limited) {
+    bbr->rst->app_limited = app_limited;
+  } else {
+    bbr->rst->app_limited = cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size;
+  }
+}
+
+static void bbr_exit_probe_rtt(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  bbr_reset_lower_bounds(bbr);
+
+  if (bbr->filled_pipe) {
+    bbr_start_probe_bw_down(bbr, ts);
+    bbr_start_probe_bw_cruise(bbr);
+  } else {
+    bbr_enter_startup(bbr);
+  }
+}
+
+static void bbr_handle_restart_from_idle(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                         ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                         ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  if (cstat->bytes_in_flight == 0 && bbr->rst->app_limited) {
+    ngtcp2_log_info(bbr->ccb.log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                    "bbr2 restart from idle");
+
+    bbr->idle_restart = 1;
+    bbr->extra_acked_interval_start = ts;
+
+    if (bbr_is_in_probe_bw_state(bbr)) {
+      bbr_set_pacing_rate_with_gain(bbr, cstat, 1);
+    } else if (bbr->state == NGTCP2_BBR2_STATE_PROBE_RTT) {
+      bbr_check_probe_rtt_done(bbr, cstat, ts);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static uint64_t bbr_bdp_multiple(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, uint64_t bw,
+                                 double gain) {
+  uint64_t bdp;
+
+  if (bbr->min_rtt == UINT64_MAX) {
+    return bbr->initial_cwnd;
+  }
+
+  bdp = bw * bbr->min_rtt / NGTCP2_SECONDS;
+
+  return (uint64_t)(gain * (double)bdp);
+}
+
+static uint64_t min_pipe_cwnd(size_t max_udp_payload_size) {
+  return max_udp_payload_size * 4;
+}
+
+static uint64_t bbr_quantization_budget(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                        ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                        uint64_t inflight) {
+  bbr_update_offload_budget(bbr, cstat);
+
+  inflight = ngtcp2_max(inflight, bbr->offload_budget);
+  inflight =
+      ngtcp2_max(inflight, min_pipe_cwnd(cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size));
+
+  if (bbr->state == NGTCP2_BBR2_STATE_PROBE_BW_UP) {
+    inflight += 2 * cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size;
+  }
+
+  return inflight;
+}
+
+static uint64_t bbr_inflight(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                             uint64_t bw, double gain) {
+  uint64_t inflight = bbr_bdp_multiple(bbr, bw, gain);
+
+  return bbr_quantization_budget(bbr, cstat, inflight);
+}
+
+static void bbr_update_max_inflight(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                    ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  uint64_t inflight;
+
+  /* Not documented */
+  /* bbr_update_aggregation_budget(bbr); */
+
+  inflight = bbr_bdp_multiple(bbr, bbr->bw, bbr->cwnd_gain) + bbr->extra_acked;
+  bbr->max_inflight = bbr_quantization_budget(bbr, cstat, inflight);
+}
+
+static void bbr_update_offload_budget(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                      ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  bbr->offload_budget = 3 * cstat->send_quantum;
+}
+
+static void bbr_advance_max_bw_filter(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr) {
+  ++bbr->cycle_count;
+}
+
+static void bbr_modulate_cwnd_for_recovery(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                           ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                           const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack) {
+  if (ack->bytes_lost > 0) {
+    if (cstat->cwnd > ack->bytes_lost) {
+      cstat->cwnd -= ack->bytes_lost;
+      cstat->cwnd = ngtcp2_max(cstat->cwnd, 2 * cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size);
+    } else {
+      cstat->cwnd = 2 * cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (bbr->packet_conservation) {
+    cstat->cwnd =
+        ngtcp2_max(cstat->cwnd, cstat->bytes_in_flight + ack->bytes_delivered);
+  }
+}
+
+static void bbr_save_cwnd(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  if (!bbr->in_loss_recovery && bbr->state != NGTCP2_BBR2_STATE_PROBE_RTT) {
+    bbr->prior_cwnd = cstat->cwnd;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  bbr->prior_cwnd = ngtcp2_max(bbr->prior_cwnd, cstat->cwnd);
+}
+
+static void bbr_restore_cwnd(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  cstat->cwnd = ngtcp2_max(cstat->cwnd, bbr->prior_cwnd);
+}
+
+static uint64_t bbr_probe_rtt_cwnd(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                   ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  uint64_t probe_rtt_cwnd =
+      bbr_bdp_multiple(bbr, bbr->bw, NGTCP2_BBR_PROBE_RTT_CWND_GAIN);
+  uint64_t mpcwnd = min_pipe_cwnd(cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size);
+
+  return ngtcp2_max(probe_rtt_cwnd, mpcwnd);
+}
+
+static void bbr_bound_cwnd_for_probe_rtt(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                         ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  uint64_t probe_rtt_cwnd;
+
+  if (bbr->state == NGTCP2_BBR2_STATE_PROBE_RTT) {
+    probe_rtt_cwnd = bbr_probe_rtt_cwnd(bbr, cstat);
+
+    cstat->cwnd = ngtcp2_min(cstat->cwnd, probe_rtt_cwnd);
+  }
+}
+
+static void bbr_set_cwnd(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                         const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack) {
+  uint64_t mpcwnd;
+
+  bbr_update_max_inflight(bbr, cstat);
+  bbr_modulate_cwnd_for_recovery(bbr, cstat, ack);
+
+  if (!bbr->packet_conservation) {
+    if (bbr->filled_pipe) {
+      cstat->cwnd += ack->bytes_delivered;
+      cstat->cwnd = ngtcp2_min(cstat->cwnd, bbr->max_inflight);
+    } else if (cstat->cwnd < bbr->max_inflight ||
+               bbr->rst->delivered < bbr->initial_cwnd) {
+      cstat->cwnd += ack->bytes_delivered;
+    }
+
+    mpcwnd = min_pipe_cwnd(cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size);
+    cstat->cwnd = ngtcp2_max(cstat->cwnd, mpcwnd);
+  }
+
+  bbr_bound_cwnd_for_probe_rtt(bbr, cstat);
+  bbr_bound_cwnd_for_model(bbr, cstat);
+}
+
+static void bbr_bound_cwnd_for_model(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr,
+                                     ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  uint64_t cap = UINT64_MAX;
+  uint64_t mpcwnd = min_pipe_cwnd(cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size);
+
+  if (bbr_is_in_probe_bw_state(bbr) &&
+      bbr->state != NGTCP2_BBR2_STATE_PROBE_BW_CRUISE) {
+    cap = bbr->inflight_hi;
+  } else if (bbr->state == NGTCP2_BBR2_STATE_PROBE_RTT ||
+             bbr->state == NGTCP2_BBR2_STATE_PROBE_BW_CRUISE) {
+    cap = bbr_inflight_with_headroom(bbr, cstat);
+  }
+
+  cap = ngtcp2_min(cap, bbr->inflight_lo);
+  cap = ngtcp2_max(cap, mpcwnd);
+
+  cstat->cwnd = ngtcp2_min(cstat->cwnd, cap);
+}
+
+static void bbr_set_send_quantum(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  size_t send_quantum =
+      (size_t)(cstat->pacing_rate * (double)(bbr->min_rtt == UINT64_MAX
+                                                 ? NGTCP2_MILLISECONDS
+                                                 : bbr->min_rtt));
+  (void)bbr;
+
+  cstat->send_quantum = ngtcp2_min(send_quantum, 64 * 1024);
+  cstat->send_quantum =
+      ngtcp2_max(cstat->send_quantum, cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size * 10);
+}
+
+static int in_congestion_recovery(const ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                  ngtcp2_tstamp sent_time) {
+  return cstat->congestion_recovery_start_ts != UINT64_MAX &&
+         sent_time <= cstat->congestion_recovery_start_ts;
+}
+
+static void bbr_handle_recovery(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack) {
+  if (bbr->in_loss_recovery) {
+    if (ack->pkt_delivered >= bbr->congestion_recovery_next_round_delivered) {
+      bbr->packet_conservation = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (!in_congestion_recovery(cstat, ack->largest_acked_sent_ts)) {
+      bbr->in_loss_recovery = 0;
+      bbr->packet_conservation = 0;
+      bbr_restore_cwnd(bbr, cstat);
+    }
+
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (bbr->congestion_recovery_start_ts != UINT64_MAX) {
+    bbr->in_loss_recovery = 1;
+    bbr_save_cwnd(bbr, cstat);
+    cstat->cwnd =
+        cstat->bytes_in_flight +
+        ngtcp2_max(ack->bytes_delivered, cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size);
+
+    cstat->congestion_recovery_start_ts = bbr->congestion_recovery_start_ts;
+    bbr->congestion_recovery_start_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+    bbr->packet_conservation = 1;
+    bbr->congestion_recovery_next_round_delivered = bbr->rst->delivered;
+    bbr->prior_inflight_lo = bbr->inflight_lo;
+    bbr->prior_bw_lo = bbr->bw_lo;
+  }
+}
+
+static void bbr2_cc_init(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                         ngtcp2_rst *rst, ngtcp2_tstamp initial_ts,
+                         ngtcp2_rand rand, const ngtcp2_rand_ctx *rand_ctx,
+                         ngtcp2_log *log) {
+  bbr->ccb.log = log;
+  bbr->rst = rst;
+  bbr->rand = rand;
+  bbr->rand_ctx = *rand_ctx;
+  bbr->initial_cwnd = cstat->cwnd;
+
+  bbr_on_init(bbr, cstat, initial_ts);
+}
+
+static void bbr2_cc_free(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr) { (void)bbr; }
+
+static void bbr2_cc_on_pkt_acked(ngtcp2_cc *ccx, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                 const ngtcp2_cc_pkt *pkt, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  (void)ccx;
+  (void)cstat;
+  (void)pkt;
+  (void)ts;
+}
+
+static void bbr2_cc_on_pkt_lost(ngtcp2_cc *ccx, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                const ngtcp2_cc_pkt *pkt, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr = ngtcp2_struct_of(ccx->ccb, ngtcp2_bbr2_cc, ccb);
+
+  bbr_update_on_loss(bbr, cstat, pkt, ts);
+}
+
+static void bbr2_cc_congestion_event(ngtcp2_cc *ccx, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                     ngtcp2_tstamp sent_ts, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr = ngtcp2_struct_of(ccx->ccb, ngtcp2_bbr2_cc, ccb);
+
+  if (!bbr->filled_pipe || bbr->in_loss_recovery ||
+      bbr->congestion_recovery_start_ts != UINT64_MAX ||
+      in_congestion_recovery(cstat, sent_ts)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  bbr->congestion_recovery_start_ts = ts;
+}
+
+static void bbr2_cc_on_spurious_congestion(ngtcp2_cc *ccx,
+                                           ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                           ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr = ngtcp2_struct_of(ccx->ccb, ngtcp2_bbr2_cc, ccb);
+  (void)ts;
+
+  bbr->congestion_recovery_start_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+  cstat->congestion_recovery_start_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+
+  if (bbr->in_loss_recovery) {
+    bbr->in_loss_recovery = 0;
+    bbr->packet_conservation = 0;
+    bbr_restore_cwnd(bbr, cstat);
+    bbr->full_bw_count = 0;
+    bbr->loss_in_round = 0;
+    bbr->inflight_lo = ngtcp2_max(bbr->inflight_lo, bbr->prior_inflight_lo);
+    bbr->inflight_hi = ngtcp2_max(bbr->inflight_hi, bbr->prior_inflight_hi);
+    bbr->bw_lo = ngtcp2_max(bbr->bw_lo, bbr->prior_bw_lo);
+  }
+}
+
+static void bbr2_cc_on_persistent_congestion(ngtcp2_cc *ccx,
+                                             ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                             ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr = ngtcp2_struct_of(ccx->ccb, ngtcp2_bbr2_cc, ccb);
+  (void)ts;
+
+  cstat->congestion_recovery_start_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+  bbr->congestion_recovery_start_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+  bbr->in_loss_recovery = 0;
+  bbr->packet_conservation = 0;
+
+  bbr_save_cwnd(bbr, cstat);
+  cstat->cwnd = cstat->bytes_in_flight + cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size;
+  cstat->cwnd =
+      ngtcp2_max(cstat->cwnd, min_pipe_cwnd(cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size));
+}
+
+static void bbr2_cc_on_ack_recv(ngtcp2_cc *ccx, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr = ngtcp2_struct_of(ccx->ccb, ngtcp2_bbr2_cc, ccb);
+
+  bbr_update_on_ack(bbr, cstat, ack, ts);
+}
+
+static void bbr2_cc_on_pkt_sent(ngtcp2_cc *ccx, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                const ngtcp2_cc_pkt *pkt) {
+  ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr = ngtcp2_struct_of(ccx->ccb, ngtcp2_bbr2_cc, ccb);
+
+  bbr_on_transmit(bbr, cstat, pkt->sent_ts);
+}
+
+static void bbr2_cc_new_rtt_sample(ngtcp2_cc *ccx, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                   ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  (void)ccx;
+  (void)cstat;
+  (void)ts;
+}
+
+static void bbr2_cc_reset(ngtcp2_cc *ccx, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                          ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr = ngtcp2_struct_of(ccx->ccb, ngtcp2_bbr2_cc, ccb);
+
+  bbr_on_init(bbr, cstat, ts);
+}
+
+static void bbr2_cc_event(ngtcp2_cc *ccx, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                          ngtcp2_cc_event_type event, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  (void)ccx;
+  (void)cstat;
+  (void)event;
+  (void)ts;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_cc_bbr2_cc_init(ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_log *log,
+                           ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat, ngtcp2_rst *rst,
+                           ngtcp2_tstamp initial_ts, ngtcp2_rand rand,
+                           const ngtcp2_rand_ctx *rand_ctx,
+                           const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr;
+
+  bbr = ngtcp2_mem_calloc(mem, 1, sizeof(ngtcp2_bbr2_cc));
+  if (bbr == NULL) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  bbr2_cc_init(bbr, cstat, rst, initial_ts, rand, rand_ctx, log);
+
+  cc->ccb = &bbr->ccb;
+  cc->on_pkt_acked = bbr2_cc_on_pkt_acked;
+  cc->on_pkt_lost = bbr2_cc_on_pkt_lost;
+  cc->congestion_event = bbr2_cc_congestion_event;
+  cc->on_spurious_congestion = bbr2_cc_on_spurious_congestion;
+  cc->on_persistent_congestion = bbr2_cc_on_persistent_congestion;
+  cc->on_ack_recv = bbr2_cc_on_ack_recv;
+  cc->on_pkt_sent = bbr2_cc_on_pkt_sent;
+  cc->new_rtt_sample = bbr2_cc_new_rtt_sample;
+  cc->reset = bbr2_cc_reset;
+  cc->event = bbr2_cc_event;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_bbr2_cc_free(ngtcp2_cc *cc, const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  ngtcp2_bbr2_cc *bbr = ngtcp2_struct_of(cc->ccb, ngtcp2_bbr2_cc, ccb);
+
+  bbr2_cc_free(bbr);
+  ngtcp2_mem_free(mem, bbr);
+}
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_bbr2.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_bbr2.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50dc05a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_bbr2.h
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_BBR2_H
+#define NGTCP2_BBR2_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_cc.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_window_filter.h"
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_rst ngtcp2_rst;
+
+typedef enum ngtcp2_bbr2_state {
+  NGTCP2_BBR2_STATE_STARTUP,
+  NGTCP2_BBR2_STATE_DRAIN,
+  NGTCP2_BBR2_STATE_PROBE_BW_DOWN,
+  NGTCP2_BBR2_STATE_PROBE_BW_CRUISE,
+  NGTCP2_BBR2_STATE_PROBE_BW_REFILL,
+  NGTCP2_BBR2_STATE_PROBE_BW_UP,
+  NGTCP2_BBR2_STATE_PROBE_RTT,
+} ngtcp2_bbr2_state;
+
+typedef enum ngtcp2_bbr2_ack_phase {
+  NGTCP2_BBR2_ACK_PHASE_ACKS_PROBE_STARTING,
+  NGTCP2_BBR2_ACK_PHASE_ACKS_PROBE_STOPPING,
+  NGTCP2_BBR2_ACK_PHASE_ACKS_PROBE_FEEDBACK,
+  NGTCP2_BBR2_ACK_PHASE_ACKS_REFILLING,
+} ngtcp2_bbr2_ack_phase;
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_bbr2_cc is BBR v2 congestion controller, described in
+ * https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-cardwell-iccrg-bbr-congestion-control-01
+ */
+typedef struct ngtcp2_bbr2_cc {
+  ngtcp2_cc_base ccb;
+
+  uint64_t initial_cwnd;
+  ngtcp2_rst *rst;
+  ngtcp2_rand rand;
+  ngtcp2_rand_ctx rand_ctx;
+
+  /* max_bw_filter for tracking the maximum recent delivery rate
+    samples for estimating max_bw. */
+  ngtcp2_window_filter max_bw_filter;
+
+  ngtcp2_window_filter extra_acked_filter;
+
+  ngtcp2_duration min_rtt;
+  ngtcp2_tstamp min_rtt_stamp;
+  ngtcp2_tstamp probe_rtt_done_stamp;
+  int probe_rtt_round_done;
+  uint64_t prior_cwnd;
+  int idle_restart;
+  ngtcp2_tstamp extra_acked_interval_start;
+  uint64_t extra_acked_delivered;
+
+  /* Congestion signals */
+  int loss_in_round;
+  uint64_t bw_latest;
+  uint64_t inflight_latest;
+
+  /* Lower bounds */
+  uint64_t bw_lo;
+  uint64_t inflight_lo;
+
+  /* Round counting */
+  uint64_t next_round_delivered;
+  int round_start;
+  uint64_t round_count;
+
+  /* Full pipe */
+  int filled_pipe;
+  uint64_t full_bw;
+  size_t full_bw_count;
+
+  /* Pacing rate */
+  double pacing_gain;
+
+  ngtcp2_bbr2_state state;
+  double cwnd_gain;
+
+  int loss_round_start;
+  uint64_t loss_round_delivered;
+  uint64_t rounds_since_bw_probe;
+  uint64_t max_bw;
+  uint64_t bw;
+  uint64_t cycle_count;
+  uint64_t extra_acked;
+  uint64_t bytes_lost_in_round;
+  size_t loss_events_in_round;
+  uint64_t offload_budget;
+  uint64_t probe_up_cnt;
+  ngtcp2_tstamp cycle_stamp;
+  ngtcp2_bbr2_ack_phase ack_phase;
+  ngtcp2_duration bw_probe_wait;
+  int bw_probe_samples;
+  size_t bw_probe_up_rounds;
+  uint64_t bw_probe_up_acks;
+  uint64_t inflight_hi;
+  uint64_t bw_hi;
+  int probe_rtt_expired;
+  ngtcp2_duration probe_rtt_min_delay;
+  ngtcp2_tstamp probe_rtt_min_stamp;
+  int in_loss_recovery;
+  int packet_conservation;
+  uint64_t max_inflight;
+  ngtcp2_tstamp congestion_recovery_start_ts;
+  uint64_t congestion_recovery_next_round_delivered;
+
+  uint64_t prior_inflight_lo;
+  uint64_t prior_inflight_hi;
+  uint64_t prior_bw_lo;
+} ngtcp2_bbr2_cc;
+
+int ngtcp2_cc_bbr2_cc_init(ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_log *log,
+                           ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat, ngtcp2_rst *rst,
+                           ngtcp2_tstamp initial_ts, ngtcp2_rand rand,
+                           const ngtcp2_rand_ctx *rand_ctx,
+                           const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_bbr2_cc_free(ngtcp2_cc *cc, const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_BBR2_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_buf.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_buf.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75326d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_buf.c
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_buf.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_mem.h"
+
+void ngtcp2_buf_init(ngtcp2_buf *buf, uint8_t *begin, size_t len) {
+  buf->begin = buf->pos = buf->last = begin;
+  buf->end = begin + len;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_buf_reset(ngtcp2_buf *buf) { buf->pos = buf->last = buf->begin; }
+
+size_t ngtcp2_buf_cap(const ngtcp2_buf *buf) {
+  return (size_t)(buf->end - buf->begin);
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_buf_chain_new(ngtcp2_buf_chain **pbufchain, size_t len,
+                         const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  *pbufchain = ngtcp2_mem_malloc(mem, sizeof(ngtcp2_buf_chain) + len);
+  if (*pbufchain == NULL) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  (*pbufchain)->next = NULL;
+
+  ngtcp2_buf_init(&(*pbufchain)->buf,
+                  (uint8_t *)(*pbufchain) + sizeof(ngtcp2_buf_chain), len);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_buf_chain_del(ngtcp2_buf_chain *bufchain, const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  ngtcp2_mem_free(mem, bufchain);
+}
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_buf.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_buf.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..107d413
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_buf.h
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_BUF_H
+#define NGTCP2_BUF_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_buf {
+  /* begin points to the beginning of the buffer. */
+  uint8_t *begin;
+  /* end points to the one beyond of the last byte of the buffer */
+  uint8_t *end;
+  /* pos pointers to the start of data.  Typically, this points to the
+     point that next data should be read.  Initially, it points to
+     |begin|. */
+  uint8_t *pos;
+  /* last points to the one beyond of the last data of the buffer.
+     Typically, new data is written at this point.  Initially, it
+     points to |begin|. */
+  uint8_t *last;
+} ngtcp2_buf;
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_buf_init initializes |buf| with the given buffer.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_buf_init(ngtcp2_buf *buf, uint8_t *begin, size_t len);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_buf_reset resets pos and last fields to match begin field to
+ * make ngtcp2_buf_len(buf) return 0.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_buf_reset(ngtcp2_buf *buf);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_buf_left returns the number of additional bytes which can be
+ * written to the underlying buffer.  In other words, it returns
+ * buf->end - buf->last.
+ */
+#define ngtcp2_buf_left(BUF) (size_t)((BUF)->end - (BUF)->last)
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_buf_len returns the number of bytes left to read.  In other
+ * words, it returns buf->last - buf->pos.
+ */
+#define ngtcp2_buf_len(BUF) (size_t)((BUF)->last - (BUF)->pos)
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_buf_cap returns the capacity of the buffer.  In other words,
+ * it returns buf->end - buf->begin.
+ */
+size_t ngtcp2_buf_cap(const ngtcp2_buf *buf);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_buf_chain is a linked list of ngtcp2_buf.
+ */
+typedef struct ngtcp2_buf_chain ngtcp2_buf_chain;
+
+struct ngtcp2_buf_chain {
+  ngtcp2_buf_chain *next;
+  ngtcp2_buf buf;
+};
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_buf_chain_new creates new ngtcp2_buf_chain and initializes
+ * the internal buffer with |len| bytes space.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory
+ */
+int ngtcp2_buf_chain_new(ngtcp2_buf_chain **pbufchain, size_t len,
+                         const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_buf_chain_del deletes the resource allocated by |bufchain|.
+ * It also deletes the memory pointed by |bufchain|.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_buf_chain_del(ngtcp2_buf_chain *bufchain, const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_BUF_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_cc.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_cc.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0536639
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_cc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,615 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2018 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_cc.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#  include <intrin.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "ngtcp2_log.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_macro.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_mem.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_rcvry.h"
+
+uint64_t ngtcp2_cc_compute_initcwnd(size_t max_udp_payload_size) {
+  uint64_t n = 2 * max_udp_payload_size;
+  n = ngtcp2_max(n, 14720);
+  return ngtcp2_min(10 * max_udp_payload_size, n);
+}
+
+ngtcp2_cc_pkt *ngtcp2_cc_pkt_init(ngtcp2_cc_pkt *pkt, int64_t pkt_num,
+                                  size_t pktlen, ngtcp2_pktns_id pktns_id,
+                                  ngtcp2_tstamp sent_ts, uint64_t lost,
+                                  uint64_t tx_in_flight, int is_app_limited) {
+  pkt->pkt_num = pkt_num;
+  pkt->pktlen = pktlen;
+  pkt->pktns_id = pktns_id;
+  pkt->sent_ts = sent_ts;
+  pkt->lost = lost;
+  pkt->tx_in_flight = tx_in_flight;
+  pkt->is_app_limited = is_app_limited;
+
+  return pkt;
+}
+
+static void reno_cc_reset(ngtcp2_reno_cc *cc) {
+  cc->max_delivery_rate_sec = 0;
+  cc->target_cwnd = 0;
+  cc->pending_add = 0;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_reno_cc_init(ngtcp2_reno_cc *cc, ngtcp2_log *log) {
+  cc->ccb.log = log;
+  reno_cc_reset(cc);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_reno_cc_free(ngtcp2_reno_cc *cc) { (void)cc; }
+
+int ngtcp2_cc_reno_cc_init(ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_log *log,
+                           const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  ngtcp2_reno_cc *reno_cc;
+
+  reno_cc = ngtcp2_mem_calloc(mem, 1, sizeof(ngtcp2_reno_cc));
+  if (reno_cc == NULL) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_reno_cc_init(reno_cc, log);
+
+  cc->ccb = &reno_cc->ccb;
+  cc->on_pkt_acked = ngtcp2_cc_reno_cc_on_pkt_acked;
+  cc->congestion_event = ngtcp2_cc_reno_cc_congestion_event;
+  cc->on_persistent_congestion = ngtcp2_cc_reno_cc_on_persistent_congestion;
+  cc->on_ack_recv = ngtcp2_cc_reno_cc_on_ack_recv;
+  cc->reset = ngtcp2_cc_reno_cc_reset;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_reno_cc_free(ngtcp2_cc *cc, const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  ngtcp2_reno_cc *reno_cc = ngtcp2_struct_of(cc->ccb, ngtcp2_reno_cc, ccb);
+
+  ngtcp2_reno_cc_free(reno_cc);
+  ngtcp2_mem_free(mem, reno_cc);
+}
+
+static int in_congestion_recovery(const ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                  ngtcp2_tstamp sent_time) {
+  return cstat->congestion_recovery_start_ts != UINT64_MAX &&
+         sent_time <= cstat->congestion_recovery_start_ts;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_reno_cc_on_pkt_acked(ngtcp2_cc *ccx, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                    const ngtcp2_cc_pkt *pkt,
+                                    ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_reno_cc *cc = ngtcp2_struct_of(ccx->ccb, ngtcp2_reno_cc, ccb);
+  uint64_t m;
+  (void)ts;
+
+  if (in_congestion_recovery(cstat, pkt->sent_ts)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (cc->target_cwnd && cc->target_cwnd < cstat->cwnd) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (cstat->cwnd < cstat->ssthresh) {
+    cstat->cwnd += pkt->pktlen;
+    ngtcp2_log_info(cc->ccb.log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                    "pkn=%" PRId64 " acked, slow start cwnd=%" PRIu64,
+                    pkt->pkt_num, cstat->cwnd);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  m = cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size * pkt->pktlen + cc->pending_add;
+  cc->pending_add = m % cstat->cwnd;
+
+  cstat->cwnd += m / cstat->cwnd;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_reno_cc_congestion_event(ngtcp2_cc *ccx, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                        ngtcp2_tstamp sent_ts,
+                                        ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_reno_cc *cc = ngtcp2_struct_of(ccx->ccb, ngtcp2_reno_cc, ccb);
+  uint64_t min_cwnd;
+
+  if (in_congestion_recovery(cstat, sent_ts)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  cstat->congestion_recovery_start_ts = ts;
+  cstat->cwnd >>= NGTCP2_LOSS_REDUCTION_FACTOR_BITS;
+  min_cwnd = 2 * cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size;
+  cstat->cwnd = ngtcp2_max(cstat->cwnd, min_cwnd);
+  cstat->ssthresh = cstat->cwnd;
+
+  cc->pending_add = 0;
+
+  ngtcp2_log_info(cc->ccb.log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                  "reduce cwnd because of packet loss cwnd=%" PRIu64,
+                  cstat->cwnd);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_reno_cc_on_persistent_congestion(ngtcp2_cc *ccx,
+                                                ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                                ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  (void)ccx;
+  (void)ts;
+
+  cstat->cwnd = 2 * cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size;
+  cstat->congestion_recovery_start_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_reno_cc_on_ack_recv(ngtcp2_cc *ccx, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                   const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_reno_cc *cc = ngtcp2_struct_of(ccx->ccb, ngtcp2_reno_cc, ccb);
+  uint64_t target_cwnd, initcwnd;
+  (void)ack;
+  (void)ts;
+
+  /* TODO Use sliding window for min rtt measurement */
+  /* TODO Use sliding window */
+  cc->max_delivery_rate_sec =
+      ngtcp2_max(cc->max_delivery_rate_sec, cstat->delivery_rate_sec);
+
+  if (cstat->min_rtt != UINT64_MAX && cc->max_delivery_rate_sec) {
+    target_cwnd = cc->max_delivery_rate_sec * cstat->min_rtt / NGTCP2_SECONDS;
+    initcwnd = ngtcp2_cc_compute_initcwnd(cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size);
+    cc->target_cwnd = ngtcp2_max(initcwnd, target_cwnd) * 289 / 100;
+
+    ngtcp2_log_info(cc->ccb.log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                    "target_cwnd=%" PRIu64 " max_delivery_rate_sec=%" PRIu64
+                    " min_rtt=%" PRIu64,
+                    cc->target_cwnd, cc->max_delivery_rate_sec, cstat->min_rtt);
+  }
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_reno_cc_reset(ngtcp2_cc *ccx, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                             ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_reno_cc *cc = ngtcp2_struct_of(ccx->ccb, ngtcp2_reno_cc, ccb);
+  (void)cstat;
+  (void)ts;
+
+  reno_cc_reset(cc);
+}
+
+static void cubic_cc_reset(ngtcp2_cubic_cc *cc) {
+  cc->max_delivery_rate_sec = 0;
+  cc->target_cwnd = 0;
+  cc->w_last_max = 0;
+  cc->w_tcp = 0;
+  cc->origin_point = 0;
+  cc->epoch_start = UINT64_MAX;
+  cc->k = 0;
+
+  cc->prior.cwnd = 0;
+  cc->prior.ssthresh = 0;
+  cc->prior.w_last_max = 0;
+  cc->prior.w_tcp = 0;
+  cc->prior.origin_point = 0;
+  cc->prior.epoch_start = UINT64_MAX;
+  cc->prior.k = 0;
+
+  cc->rtt_sample_count = 0;
+  cc->current_round_min_rtt = UINT64_MAX;
+  cc->last_round_min_rtt = UINT64_MAX;
+  cc->window_end = -1;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_cubic_cc_init(ngtcp2_cubic_cc *cc, ngtcp2_log *log) {
+  cc->ccb.log = log;
+  cubic_cc_reset(cc);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_cubic_cc_free(ngtcp2_cubic_cc *cc) { (void)cc; }
+
+int ngtcp2_cc_cubic_cc_init(ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_log *log,
+                            const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  ngtcp2_cubic_cc *cubic_cc;
+
+  cubic_cc = ngtcp2_mem_calloc(mem, 1, sizeof(ngtcp2_cubic_cc));
+  if (cubic_cc == NULL) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_cubic_cc_init(cubic_cc, log);
+
+  cc->ccb = &cubic_cc->ccb;
+  cc->on_pkt_acked = ngtcp2_cc_cubic_cc_on_pkt_acked;
+  cc->congestion_event = ngtcp2_cc_cubic_cc_congestion_event;
+  cc->on_spurious_congestion = ngtcp2_cc_cubic_cc_on_spurious_congestion;
+  cc->on_persistent_congestion = ngtcp2_cc_cubic_cc_on_persistent_congestion;
+  cc->on_ack_recv = ngtcp2_cc_cubic_cc_on_ack_recv;
+  cc->on_pkt_sent = ngtcp2_cc_cubic_cc_on_pkt_sent;
+  cc->new_rtt_sample = ngtcp2_cc_cubic_cc_new_rtt_sample;
+  cc->reset = ngtcp2_cc_cubic_cc_reset;
+  cc->event = ngtcp2_cc_cubic_cc_event;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_cubic_cc_free(ngtcp2_cc *cc, const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  ngtcp2_cubic_cc *cubic_cc = ngtcp2_struct_of(cc->ccb, ngtcp2_cubic_cc, ccb);
+
+  ngtcp2_cubic_cc_free(cubic_cc);
+  ngtcp2_mem_free(mem, cubic_cc);
+}
+
+static uint64_t ngtcp2_cbrt(uint64_t n) {
+  int d;
+  uint64_t a;
+
+  if (n == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#  if defined(_M_X64)
+  d = (int)__lzcnt64(n);
+#  elif defined(_M_ARM64)
+  {
+    unsigned long index;
+    d = sizeof(uint64_t) * CHAR_BIT;
+    if (_BitScanReverse64(&index, n)) {
+      d = d - 1 - index;
+    }
+  }
+#  else
+  if ((n >> 32) != 0) {
+    d = __lzcnt((unsigned int)(n >> 32));
+  } else {
+    d = 32 + __lzcnt((unsigned int)n);
+  }
+#  endif
+#else
+  d = __builtin_clzll(n);
+#endif
+  a = 1ULL << ((64 - d) / 3 + 1);
+
+  for (; a * a * a > n;) {
+    a = (2 * a + n / a / a) / 3;
+  }
+  return a;
+}
+
+/* HyStart++ constants */
+#define NGTCP2_HS_MIN_SSTHRESH 16
+#define NGTCP2_HS_N_RTT_SAMPLE 8
+#define NGTCP2_HS_MIN_ETA (4 * NGTCP2_MILLISECONDS)
+#define NGTCP2_HS_MAX_ETA (16 * NGTCP2_MILLISECONDS)
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_cubic_cc_on_pkt_acked(ngtcp2_cc *ccx, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                     const ngtcp2_cc_pkt *pkt,
+                                     ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_cubic_cc *cc = ngtcp2_struct_of(ccx->ccb, ngtcp2_cubic_cc, ccb);
+  ngtcp2_duration t, eta;
+  uint64_t target, cwnd_thres;
+  uint64_t tx, kx, time_delta, delta;
+  uint64_t add, tcp_add;
+  uint64_t m;
+
+  if (pkt->pktns_id == NGTCP2_PKTNS_ID_APPLICATION && cc->window_end != -1 &&
+      cc->window_end <= pkt->pkt_num) {
+    cc->window_end = -1;
+  }
+
+  if (in_congestion_recovery(cstat, pkt->sent_ts)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (cc->target_cwnd && cc->target_cwnd < cstat->cwnd) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (cstat->cwnd < cstat->ssthresh) {
+    /* slow-start */
+    cstat->cwnd += pkt->pktlen;
+
+    ngtcp2_log_info(cc->ccb.log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                    "pkn=%" PRId64 " acked, slow start cwnd=%" PRIu64,
+                    pkt->pkt_num, cstat->cwnd);
+
+    if (cc->last_round_min_rtt != UINT64_MAX &&
+        cc->current_round_min_rtt != UINT64_MAX &&
+        cstat->cwnd >=
+            NGTCP2_HS_MIN_SSTHRESH * cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size &&
+        cc->rtt_sample_count >= NGTCP2_HS_N_RTT_SAMPLE) {
+      eta = cc->last_round_min_rtt / 8;
+
+      if (eta < NGTCP2_HS_MIN_ETA) {
+        eta = NGTCP2_HS_MIN_ETA;
+      } else if (eta > NGTCP2_HS_MAX_ETA) {
+        eta = NGTCP2_HS_MAX_ETA;
+      }
+
+      if (cc->current_round_min_rtt >= cc->last_round_min_rtt + eta) {
+        ngtcp2_log_info(cc->ccb.log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                        "HyStart++ exit slow start");
+
+        cc->w_last_max = cstat->cwnd;
+        cstat->ssthresh = cstat->cwnd;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return;
+  }
+
+  /* congestion avoidance */
+
+  if (cc->epoch_start == UINT64_MAX) {
+    cc->epoch_start = ts;
+    if (cstat->cwnd < cc->w_last_max) {
+      cc->k = ngtcp2_cbrt((cc->w_last_max - cstat->cwnd) * 10 / 4 /
+                          cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size);
+      cc->origin_point = cc->w_last_max;
+    } else {
+      cc->k = 0;
+      cc->origin_point = cstat->cwnd;
+    }
+
+    cc->w_tcp = cstat->cwnd;
+
+    ngtcp2_log_info(cc->ccb.log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                    "cubic-ca epoch_start=%" PRIu64 " k=%" PRIu64
+                    " origin_point=%" PRIu64,
+                    cc->epoch_start, cc->k, cc->origin_point);
+
+    cc->pending_add = 0;
+    cc->pending_w_add = 0;
+  }
+
+  t = ts - cc->epoch_start;
+
+  tx = (t << 10) / NGTCP2_SECONDS;
+  kx = (cc->k << 10);
+
+  if (tx > kx) {
+    time_delta = tx - kx;
+  } else {
+    time_delta = kx - tx;
+  }
+
+  delta = cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size *
+          ((((time_delta * time_delta) >> 10) * time_delta) >> 10) * 4 / 10;
+  delta >>= 10;
+
+  if (tx > kx) {
+    target = cc->origin_point + delta;
+  } else {
+    target = cc->origin_point - delta;
+  }
+
+  cwnd_thres =
+      (target * (((t + cstat->smoothed_rtt) << 10) / NGTCP2_SECONDS)) >> 10;
+  if (cwnd_thres < cstat->cwnd) {
+    target = cstat->cwnd;
+  } else if (2 * cwnd_thres > 3 * cstat->cwnd) {
+    target = cstat->cwnd * 3 / 2;
+  } else {
+    target = cwnd_thres;
+  }
+
+  if (target > cstat->cwnd) {
+    m = cc->pending_add +
+        cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size * (target - cstat->cwnd);
+    add = m / cstat->cwnd;
+    cc->pending_add = m % cstat->cwnd;
+  } else {
+    m = cc->pending_add + cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size;
+    add = m / (100 * cstat->cwnd);
+    cc->pending_add = m % (100 * cstat->cwnd);
+  }
+
+  m = cc->pending_w_add + cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size * pkt->pktlen;
+
+  cc->w_tcp += m / cstat->cwnd;
+  cc->pending_w_add = m % cstat->cwnd;
+
+  if (cc->w_tcp > cstat->cwnd) {
+    tcp_add = cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size * (cc->w_tcp - cstat->cwnd) /
+              cstat->cwnd;
+    if (tcp_add > add) {
+      add = tcp_add;
+    }
+  }
+
+  cstat->cwnd += add;
+
+  ngtcp2_log_info(cc->ccb.log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                  "pkn=%" PRId64 " acked, cubic-ca cwnd=%" PRIu64 " t=%" PRIu64
+                  " k=%" PRIi64 " time_delta=%" PRIu64 " delta=%" PRIu64
+                  " target=%" PRIu64 " w_tcp=%" PRIu64,
+                  pkt->pkt_num, cstat->cwnd, t, cc->k, time_delta >> 4, delta,
+                  target, cc->w_tcp);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_cubic_cc_congestion_event(ngtcp2_cc *ccx,
+                                         ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                         ngtcp2_tstamp sent_ts,
+                                         ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_cubic_cc *cc = ngtcp2_struct_of(ccx->ccb, ngtcp2_cubic_cc, ccb);
+  uint64_t min_cwnd;
+
+  if (in_congestion_recovery(cstat, sent_ts)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (cc->prior.cwnd < cstat->cwnd) {
+    cc->prior.cwnd = cstat->cwnd;
+    cc->prior.ssthresh = cstat->ssthresh;
+    cc->prior.w_last_max = cc->w_last_max;
+    cc->prior.w_tcp = cc->w_tcp;
+    cc->prior.origin_point = cc->origin_point;
+    cc->prior.epoch_start = cc->epoch_start;
+    cc->prior.k = cc->k;
+  }
+
+  cstat->congestion_recovery_start_ts = ts;
+
+  cc->epoch_start = UINT64_MAX;
+  if (cstat->cwnd < cc->w_last_max) {
+    cc->w_last_max = cstat->cwnd * 17 / 10 / 2;
+  } else {
+    cc->w_last_max = cstat->cwnd;
+  }
+
+  min_cwnd = 2 * cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size;
+  cstat->ssthresh = cstat->cwnd * 7 / 10;
+  cstat->ssthresh = ngtcp2_max(cstat->ssthresh, min_cwnd);
+  cstat->cwnd = cstat->ssthresh;
+
+  ngtcp2_log_info(cc->ccb.log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                  "reduce cwnd because of packet loss cwnd=%" PRIu64,
+                  cstat->cwnd);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_cubic_cc_on_spurious_congestion(ngtcp2_cc *ccx,
+                                               ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                               ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_cubic_cc *cc = ngtcp2_struct_of(ccx->ccb, ngtcp2_cubic_cc, ccb);
+  (void)ts;
+
+  if (cstat->cwnd >= cc->prior.cwnd) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  cstat->congestion_recovery_start_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+
+  cstat->cwnd = cc->prior.cwnd;
+  cstat->ssthresh = cc->prior.ssthresh;
+  cc->w_last_max = cc->prior.w_last_max;
+  cc->w_tcp = cc->prior.w_tcp;
+  cc->origin_point = cc->prior.origin_point;
+  cc->epoch_start = cc->prior.epoch_start;
+  cc->k = cc->prior.k;
+
+  cc->prior.cwnd = 0;
+  cc->prior.ssthresh = 0;
+  cc->prior.w_last_max = 0;
+  cc->prior.w_tcp = 0;
+  cc->prior.origin_point = 0;
+  cc->prior.epoch_start = UINT64_MAX;
+  cc->prior.k = 0;
+
+  ngtcp2_log_info(cc->ccb.log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                  "spurious congestion is detected and congestion state is "
+                  "restored cwnd=%" PRIu64,
+                  cstat->cwnd);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_cubic_cc_on_persistent_congestion(ngtcp2_cc *ccx,
+                                                 ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                                 ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  (void)ccx;
+  (void)ts;
+
+  cstat->cwnd = 2 * cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size;
+  cstat->congestion_recovery_start_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_cubic_cc_on_ack_recv(ngtcp2_cc *ccx, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                    const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack,
+                                    ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_cubic_cc *cc = ngtcp2_struct_of(ccx->ccb, ngtcp2_cubic_cc, ccb);
+  uint64_t target_cwnd, initcwnd;
+  (void)ack;
+  (void)ts;
+
+  /* TODO Use sliding window for min rtt measurement */
+  /* TODO Use sliding window */
+  cc->max_delivery_rate_sec =
+      ngtcp2_max(cc->max_delivery_rate_sec, cstat->delivery_rate_sec);
+
+  if (cstat->min_rtt != UINT64_MAX && cc->max_delivery_rate_sec) {
+    target_cwnd = cc->max_delivery_rate_sec * cstat->min_rtt / NGTCP2_SECONDS;
+    initcwnd = ngtcp2_cc_compute_initcwnd(cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size);
+    cc->target_cwnd = ngtcp2_max(initcwnd, target_cwnd) * 289 / 100;
+
+    ngtcp2_log_info(cc->ccb.log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                    "target_cwnd=%" PRIu64 " max_delivery_rate_sec=%" PRIu64
+                    " min_rtt=%" PRIu64,
+                    cc->target_cwnd, cc->max_delivery_rate_sec, cstat->min_rtt);
+  }
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_cubic_cc_on_pkt_sent(ngtcp2_cc *ccx, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                    const ngtcp2_cc_pkt *pkt) {
+  ngtcp2_cubic_cc *cc = ngtcp2_struct_of(ccx->ccb, ngtcp2_cubic_cc, ccb);
+  (void)cstat;
+
+  if (pkt->pktns_id != NGTCP2_PKTNS_ID_APPLICATION || cc->window_end != -1) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  cc->window_end = pkt->pkt_num;
+  cc->last_round_min_rtt = cc->current_round_min_rtt;
+  cc->current_round_min_rtt = UINT64_MAX;
+  cc->rtt_sample_count = 0;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_cubic_cc_new_rtt_sample(ngtcp2_cc *ccx, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                       ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_cubic_cc *cc = ngtcp2_struct_of(ccx->ccb, ngtcp2_cubic_cc, ccb);
+  (void)ts;
+
+  if (cc->window_end == -1) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  cc->current_round_min_rtt =
+      ngtcp2_min(cc->current_round_min_rtt, cstat->latest_rtt);
+  ++cc->rtt_sample_count;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_cubic_cc_reset(ngtcp2_cc *ccx, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                              ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_cubic_cc *cc = ngtcp2_struct_of(ccx->ccb, ngtcp2_cubic_cc, ccb);
+  (void)cstat;
+  (void)ts;
+
+  cubic_cc_reset(cc);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_cubic_cc_event(ngtcp2_cc *ccx, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                              ngtcp2_cc_event_type event, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_cubic_cc *cc = ngtcp2_struct_of(ccx->ccb, ngtcp2_cubic_cc, ccb);
+  ngtcp2_tstamp last_ts;
+
+  if (event != NGTCP2_CC_EVENT_TYPE_TX_START || cc->epoch_start == UINT64_MAX) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  last_ts = cstat->last_tx_pkt_ts[NGTCP2_PKTNS_ID_APPLICATION];
+  if (last_ts == UINT64_MAX || last_ts <= cc->epoch_start) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  assert(ts >= last_ts);
+
+  cc->epoch_start += ts - last_ts;
+}
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_cc.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_cc.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d9e0c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_cc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,421 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2018 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_CC_H
+#define NGTCP2_CC_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+#define NGTCP2_LOSS_REDUCTION_FACTOR_BITS 1
+#define NGTCP2_PERSISTENT_CONGESTION_THRESHOLD 3
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_log ngtcp2_log;
+
+/**
+ * @struct
+ *
+ * :type:`ngtcp2_cc_base` is the base structure of custom congestion
+ * control algorithm.  It must be the first field of custom congestion
+ * controller.
+ */
+typedef struct ngtcp2_cc_base {
+  /**
+   * :member:`log` is ngtcp2 library internal logger.
+   */
+  ngtcp2_log *log;
+} ngtcp2_cc_base;
+
+/**
+ * @struct
+ *
+ * :type:`ngtcp2_cc_pkt` is a convenient structure to include
+ * acked/lost/sent packet.
+ */
+typedef struct ngtcp2_cc_pkt {
+  /**
+   * :member:`pkt_num` is the packet number
+   */
+  int64_t pkt_num;
+  /**
+   * :member:`pktlen` is the length of packet.
+   */
+  size_t pktlen;
+  /**
+   * :member:`pktns_id` is the ID of packet number space which this
+   * packet belongs to.
+   */
+  ngtcp2_pktns_id pktns_id;
+  /**
+   * :member:`sent_ts` is the timestamp when packet is sent.
+   */
+  ngtcp2_tstamp sent_ts;
+  /**
+   * :member:`lost` is the number of bytes lost when this packet was
+   * sent.
+   */
+  uint64_t lost;
+  /**
+   * :member:`tx_in_flight` is the bytes in flight when this packet
+   * was sent.
+   */
+  uint64_t tx_in_flight;
+  /**
+   * :member:`is_app_limited` is nonzero if the connection is
+   * app-limited when this packet was sent.
+   */
+  int is_app_limited;
+} ngtcp2_cc_pkt;
+
+/**
+ * @struct
+ *
+ * :type:`ngtcp2_cc_ack` is a convenient structure which stores
+ * acknowledged and lost bytes.
+ */
+typedef struct ngtcp2_cc_ack {
+  /**
+   * :member:`prior_bytes_in_flight` is the in-flight bytes before
+   * processing this ACK.
+   */
+  uint64_t prior_bytes_in_flight;
+  /**
+   * :member:`bytes_delivered` is the number of bytes acknowledged.
+   */
+  uint64_t bytes_delivered;
+  /**
+   * :member:`bytes_lost` is the number of bytes declared lost.
+   */
+  uint64_t bytes_lost;
+  /**
+   * :member:`pkt_delivered` is the cumulative acknowledged bytes when
+   * the last packet acknowledged by this ACK was sent.
+   */
+  uint64_t pkt_delivered;
+  /**
+   * :member:`largest_acked_sent_ts` is the time when the largest
+   * acknowledged packet was sent.
+   */
+  ngtcp2_tstamp largest_acked_sent_ts;
+  /**
+   * :member:`rtt` is the RTT sample.  It is UINT64_MAX if no RTT
+   * sample is available.
+   */
+  ngtcp2_duration rtt;
+} ngtcp2_cc_ack;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_cc ngtcp2_cc;
+
+/**
+ * @functypedef
+ *
+ * :type:`ngtcp2_cc_on_pkt_acked` is a callback function which is
+ * called with an acknowledged packet.
+ */
+typedef void (*ngtcp2_cc_on_pkt_acked)(ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                       const ngtcp2_cc_pkt *pkt,
+                                       ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+/**
+ * @functypedef
+ *
+ * :type:`ngtcp2_cc_on_pkt_lost` is a callback function which is
+ * called with a lost packet.
+ */
+typedef void (*ngtcp2_cc_on_pkt_lost)(ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                      const ngtcp2_cc_pkt *pkt,
+                                      ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+/**
+ * @functypedef
+ *
+ * :type:`ngtcp2_cc_congestion_event` is a callback function which is
+ * called when congestion event happens (e.g., when packet is lost).
+ */
+typedef void (*ngtcp2_cc_congestion_event)(ngtcp2_cc *cc,
+                                           ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                           ngtcp2_tstamp sent_ts,
+                                           ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+/**
+ * @functypedef
+ *
+ * :type:`ngtcp2_cc_on_spurious_congestion` is a callback function
+ * which is called when a spurious congestion is detected.
+ */
+typedef void (*ngtcp2_cc_on_spurious_congestion)(ngtcp2_cc *cc,
+                                                 ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                                 ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+/**
+ * @functypedef
+ *
+ * :type:`ngtcp2_cc_on_persistent_congestion` is a callback function
+ * which is called when persistent congestion is established.
+ */
+typedef void (*ngtcp2_cc_on_persistent_congestion)(ngtcp2_cc *cc,
+                                                   ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                                   ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+/**
+ * @functypedef
+ *
+ * :type:`ngtcp2_cc_on_ack_recv` is a callback function which is
+ * called when an acknowledgement is received.
+ */
+typedef void (*ngtcp2_cc_on_ack_recv)(ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                      const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack,
+                                      ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+/**
+ * @functypedef
+ *
+ * :type:`ngtcp2_cc_on_pkt_sent` is a callback function which is
+ * called when an ack-eliciting packet is sent.
+ */
+typedef void (*ngtcp2_cc_on_pkt_sent)(ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                      const ngtcp2_cc_pkt *pkt);
+
+/**
+ * @functypedef
+ *
+ * :type:`ngtcp2_cc_new_rtt_sample` is a callback function which is
+ * called when new RTT sample is obtained.
+ */
+typedef void (*ngtcp2_cc_new_rtt_sample)(ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                         ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+/**
+ * @functypedef
+ *
+ * :type:`ngtcp2_cc_reset` is a callback function which is called when
+ * congestion state must be reset.
+ */
+typedef void (*ngtcp2_cc_reset)(ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+/**
+ * @enum
+ *
+ * :type:`ngtcp2_cc_event_type` defines congestion control events.
+ */
+typedef enum ngtcp2_cc_event_type {
+  /**
+   * :enum:`NGTCP2_CC_EVENT_TX_START` occurs when ack-eliciting packet
+   * is sent and no other ack-eliciting packet is present.
+   */
+  NGTCP2_CC_EVENT_TYPE_TX_START
+} ngtcp2_cc_event_type;
+
+/**
+ * @functypedef
+ *
+ * :type:`ngtcp2_cc_event` is a callback function which is called when
+ * a specific event happens.
+ */
+typedef void (*ngtcp2_cc_event)(ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                ngtcp2_cc_event_type event, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+/**
+ * @struct
+ *
+ * :type:`ngtcp2_cc` is congestion control algorithm interface to
+ * allow custom implementation.
+ */
+typedef struct ngtcp2_cc {
+  /**
+   * :member:`ccb` is a pointer to :type:`ngtcp2_cc_base` which
+   * usually contains a state.
+   */
+  ngtcp2_cc_base *ccb;
+  /**
+   * :member:`on_pkt_acked` is a callback function which is called
+   * when a packet is acknowledged.
+   */
+  ngtcp2_cc_on_pkt_acked on_pkt_acked;
+  /**
+   * :member:`on_pkt_lost` is a callback function which is called when
+   * a packet is lost.
+   */
+  ngtcp2_cc_on_pkt_lost on_pkt_lost;
+  /**
+   * :member:`congestion_event` is a callback function which is called
+   * when congestion event happens (.e.g, packet is lost).
+   */
+  ngtcp2_cc_congestion_event congestion_event;
+  /**
+   * :member:`on_spurious_congestion` is a callback function which is
+   * called when a spurious congestion is detected.
+   */
+  ngtcp2_cc_on_spurious_congestion on_spurious_congestion;
+  /**
+   * :member:`on_persistent_congestion` is a callback function which
+   * is called when persistent congestion is established.
+   */
+  ngtcp2_cc_on_persistent_congestion on_persistent_congestion;
+  /**
+   * :member:`on_ack_recv` is a callback function which is called when
+   * an acknowledgement is received.
+   */
+  ngtcp2_cc_on_ack_recv on_ack_recv;
+  /**
+   * :member:`on_pkt_sent` is a callback function which is called when
+   * ack-eliciting packet is sent.
+   */
+  ngtcp2_cc_on_pkt_sent on_pkt_sent;
+  /**
+   * :member:`new_rtt_sample` is a callback function which is called
+   * when new RTT sample is obtained.
+   */
+  ngtcp2_cc_new_rtt_sample new_rtt_sample;
+  /**
+   * :member:`reset` is a callback function which is called when
+   * congestion control state must be reset.
+   */
+  ngtcp2_cc_reset reset;
+  /**
+   * :member:`event` is a callback function which is called when a
+   * specific event happens.
+   */
+  ngtcp2_cc_event event;
+} ngtcp2_cc;
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_cc_compute_initcwnd computes initial cwnd.
+ */
+uint64_t ngtcp2_cc_compute_initcwnd(size_t max_packet_size);
+
+ngtcp2_cc_pkt *ngtcp2_cc_pkt_init(ngtcp2_cc_pkt *pkt, int64_t pkt_num,
+                                  size_t pktlen, ngtcp2_pktns_id pktns_id,
+                                  ngtcp2_tstamp sent_ts, uint64_t lost,
+                                  uint64_t tx_in_flight, int is_app_limited);
+
+/* ngtcp2_reno_cc is the RENO congestion controller. */
+typedef struct ngtcp2_reno_cc {
+  ngtcp2_cc_base ccb;
+  uint64_t max_delivery_rate_sec;
+  uint64_t target_cwnd;
+  uint64_t pending_add;
+} ngtcp2_reno_cc;
+
+int ngtcp2_cc_reno_cc_init(ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_log *log,
+                           const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_reno_cc_free(ngtcp2_cc *cc, const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+void ngtcp2_reno_cc_init(ngtcp2_reno_cc *cc, ngtcp2_log *log);
+
+void ngtcp2_reno_cc_free(ngtcp2_reno_cc *cc);
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_reno_cc_on_pkt_acked(ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                    const ngtcp2_cc_pkt *pkt, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_reno_cc_congestion_event(ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                        ngtcp2_tstamp sent_ts,
+                                        ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_reno_cc_on_persistent_congestion(ngtcp2_cc *cc,
+                                                ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                                ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_reno_cc_on_ack_recv(ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                   const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_reno_cc_reset(ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                             ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+/* ngtcp2_cubic_cc is CUBIC congestion controller. */
+typedef struct ngtcp2_cubic_cc {
+  ngtcp2_cc_base ccb;
+  uint64_t max_delivery_rate_sec;
+  uint64_t target_cwnd;
+  uint64_t w_last_max;
+  uint64_t w_tcp;
+  uint64_t origin_point;
+  ngtcp2_tstamp epoch_start;
+  uint64_t k;
+  /* prior stores the congestion state when a congestion event occurs
+     in order to restore the state when it turns out that the event is
+     spurious. */
+  struct {
+    uint64_t cwnd;
+    uint64_t ssthresh;
+    uint64_t w_last_max;
+    uint64_t w_tcp;
+    uint64_t origin_point;
+    ngtcp2_tstamp epoch_start;
+    uint64_t k;
+  } prior;
+  /* HyStart++ variables */
+  size_t rtt_sample_count;
+  uint64_t current_round_min_rtt;
+  uint64_t last_round_min_rtt;
+  int64_t window_end;
+  uint64_t pending_add;
+  uint64_t pending_w_add;
+} ngtcp2_cubic_cc;
+
+int ngtcp2_cc_cubic_cc_init(ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_log *log,
+                            const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_cubic_cc_free(ngtcp2_cc *cc, const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+void ngtcp2_cubic_cc_init(ngtcp2_cubic_cc *cc, ngtcp2_log *log);
+
+void ngtcp2_cubic_cc_free(ngtcp2_cubic_cc *cc);
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_cubic_cc_on_pkt_acked(ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                     const ngtcp2_cc_pkt *pkt,
+                                     ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_cubic_cc_congestion_event(ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                         ngtcp2_tstamp sent_ts,
+                                         ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_cubic_cc_on_spurious_congestion(ngtcp2_cc *ccx,
+                                               ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                               ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_cubic_cc_on_persistent_congestion(ngtcp2_cc *cc,
+                                                 ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                                 ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_cubic_cc_on_ack_recv(ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                    const ngtcp2_cc_ack *ack, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_cubic_cc_on_pkt_sent(ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                    const ngtcp2_cc_pkt *pkt);
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_cubic_cc_new_rtt_sample(ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                                       ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_cubic_cc_reset(ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                              ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+void ngtcp2_cc_cubic_cc_event(ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                              ngtcp2_cc_event_type event, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_CC_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_cid.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_cid.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3b92b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_cid.c
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2018 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_cid.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_path.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_str.h"
+
+void ngtcp2_cid_zero(ngtcp2_cid *cid) { memset(cid, 0, sizeof(*cid)); }
+
+void ngtcp2_cid_init(ngtcp2_cid *cid, const uint8_t *data, size_t datalen) {
+  assert(datalen <= NGTCP2_MAX_CIDLEN);
+
+  cid->datalen = datalen;
+  if (datalen) {
+    ngtcp2_cpymem(cid->data, data, datalen);
+  }
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_cid_eq(const ngtcp2_cid *cid, const ngtcp2_cid *other) {
+  return cid->datalen == other->datalen &&
+         0 == memcmp(cid->data, other->data, cid->datalen);
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_cid_less(const ngtcp2_cid *lhs, const ngtcp2_cid *rhs) {
+  int s = lhs->datalen < rhs->datalen;
+  size_t n = s ? lhs->datalen : rhs->datalen;
+  int c = memcmp(lhs->data, rhs->data, n);
+
+  return c < 0 || (c == 0 && s);
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_cid_empty(const ngtcp2_cid *cid) { return cid->datalen == 0; }
+
+void ngtcp2_scid_init(ngtcp2_scid *scid, uint64_t seq, const ngtcp2_cid *cid) {
+  scid->pe.index = NGTCP2_PQ_BAD_INDEX;
+  scid->seq = seq;
+  scid->cid = *cid;
+  scid->retired_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+  scid->flags = NGTCP2_SCID_FLAG_NONE;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_scid_copy(ngtcp2_scid *dest, const ngtcp2_scid *src) {
+  ngtcp2_scid_init(dest, src->seq, &src->cid);
+  dest->retired_ts = src->retired_ts;
+  dest->flags = src->flags;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_dcid_init(ngtcp2_dcid *dcid, uint64_t seq, const ngtcp2_cid *cid,
+                      const uint8_t *token) {
+  dcid->seq = seq;
+  dcid->cid = *cid;
+  if (token) {
+    memcpy(dcid->token, token, NGTCP2_STATELESS_RESET_TOKENLEN);
+    dcid->flags = NGTCP2_DCID_FLAG_TOKEN_PRESENT;
+  } else {
+    dcid->flags = NGTCP2_DCID_FLAG_NONE;
+  }
+  ngtcp2_path_storage_zero(&dcid->ps);
+  dcid->retired_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+  dcid->bound_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+  dcid->bytes_sent = 0;
+  dcid->bytes_recv = 0;
+  dcid->max_udp_payload_size = NGTCP2_MAX_UDP_PAYLOAD_SIZE;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_dcid_set_token(ngtcp2_dcid *dcid, const uint8_t *token) {
+  assert(token);
+
+  dcid->flags |= NGTCP2_DCID_FLAG_TOKEN_PRESENT;
+  memcpy(dcid->token, token, NGTCP2_STATELESS_RESET_TOKENLEN);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_dcid_set_path(ngtcp2_dcid *dcid, const ngtcp2_path *path) {
+  ngtcp2_path_copy(&dcid->ps.path, path);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_dcid_copy(ngtcp2_dcid *dest, const ngtcp2_dcid *src) {
+  ngtcp2_dcid_init(dest, src->seq, &src->cid,
+                   (src->flags & NGTCP2_DCID_FLAG_TOKEN_PRESENT) ? src->token
+                                                                 : NULL);
+  ngtcp2_path_copy(&dest->ps.path, &src->ps.path);
+  dest->retired_ts = src->retired_ts;
+  dest->bound_ts = src->bound_ts;
+  dest->flags = src->flags;
+  dest->bytes_sent = src->bytes_sent;
+  dest->bytes_recv = src->bytes_recv;
+  dest->max_udp_payload_size = src->max_udp_payload_size;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_dcid_copy_cid_token(ngtcp2_dcid *dest, const ngtcp2_dcid *src) {
+  dest->seq = src->seq;
+  dest->cid = src->cid;
+  if (src->flags & NGTCP2_DCID_FLAG_TOKEN_PRESENT) {
+    dest->flags |= NGTCP2_DCID_FLAG_TOKEN_PRESENT;
+    memcpy(dest->token, src->token, NGTCP2_STATELESS_RESET_TOKENLEN);
+  } else if (dest->flags & NGTCP2_DCID_FLAG_TOKEN_PRESENT) {
+    dest->flags &= (uint8_t)~NGTCP2_DCID_FLAG_TOKEN_PRESENT;
+  }
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_dcid_verify_uniqueness(ngtcp2_dcid *dcid, uint64_t seq,
+                                  const ngtcp2_cid *cid, const uint8_t *token) {
+  if (dcid->seq == seq) {
+    return ngtcp2_cid_eq(&dcid->cid, cid) &&
+                   (dcid->flags & NGTCP2_DCID_FLAG_TOKEN_PRESENT) &&
+                   memcmp(dcid->token, token,
+                          NGTCP2_STATELESS_RESET_TOKENLEN) == 0
+               ? 0
+               : NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO;
+  }
+
+  return !ngtcp2_cid_eq(&dcid->cid, cid) ? 0 : NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_dcid_verify_stateless_reset_token(const ngtcp2_dcid *dcid,
+                                             const uint8_t *token) {
+  return (dcid->flags & NGTCP2_DCID_FLAG_TOKEN_PRESENT) &&
+                 ngtcp2_cmemeq(dcid->token, token,
+                               NGTCP2_STATELESS_RESET_TOKENLEN)
+             ? 0
+             : NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+}
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_cid.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_cid.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b37441
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_cid.h
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2018 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_CID_H
+#define NGTCP2_CID_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_pq.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_path.h"
+
+/* NGTCP2_SCID_FLAG_NONE indicates that no flag is set. */
+#define NGTCP2_SCID_FLAG_NONE 0x00u
+/* NGTCP2_SCID_FLAG_USED indicates that a local endpoint observed that
+   a remote endpoint uses a particular Connection ID. */
+#define NGTCP2_SCID_FLAG_USED 0x01u
+/* NGTCP2_SCID_FLAG_RETIRED indicates that a particular Connection ID
+   is retired. */
+#define NGTCP2_SCID_FLAG_RETIRED 0x02u
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_scid {
+  ngtcp2_pq_entry pe;
+  /* seq is the sequence number associated to the CID. */
+  uint64_t seq;
+  /* cid is a connection ID */
+  ngtcp2_cid cid;
+  /* retired_ts is the timestamp when peer tells that this CID is
+     retired. */
+  ngtcp2_tstamp retired_ts;
+  /* flags is the bitwise OR of zero or more of NGTCP2_SCID_FLAG_*. */
+  uint8_t flags;
+} ngtcp2_scid;
+
+/* NGTCP2_DCID_FLAG_NONE indicates that no flag is set. */
+#define NGTCP2_DCID_FLAG_NONE 0x00u
+/* NGTCP2_DCID_FLAG_PATH_VALIDATED indicates that an associated path
+   has been validated. */
+#define NGTCP2_DCID_FLAG_PATH_VALIDATED 0x01u
+/* NGTCP2_DCID_FLAG_TOKEN_PRESENT indicates that a stateless reset
+   token is set in token field. */
+#define NGTCP2_DCID_FLAG_TOKEN_PRESENT 0x02u
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_dcid {
+  /* seq is the sequence number associated to the CID. */
+  uint64_t seq;
+  /* cid is a connection ID */
+  ngtcp2_cid cid;
+  /* path is a path which cid is bound to.  The addresses are zero
+     length if cid has not been bound to a particular path yet. */
+  ngtcp2_path_storage ps;
+  /* retired_ts is the timestamp when peer tells that this CID is
+     retired. */
+  ngtcp2_tstamp retired_ts;
+  /* bound_ts is the timestamp when this connection ID is bound to a
+     particular path.  It is only assigned when a connection ID is
+     used just for sending PATH_RESPONSE and is not zero-length. */
+  ngtcp2_tstamp bound_ts;
+  /* bytes_sent is the number of bytes sent to an associated path. */
+  uint64_t bytes_sent;
+  /* bytes_recv is the number of bytes received from an associated
+     path. */
+  uint64_t bytes_recv;
+  /* max_udp_payload_size is the maximum size of UDP payload that is
+     allowed to send to this path. */
+  size_t max_udp_payload_size;
+  /* flags is bitwise OR of zero or more of NGTCP2_DCID_FLAG_*. */
+  uint8_t flags;
+  /* token is a stateless reset token associated to this CID.
+     Actually, the stateless reset token is tied to the connection,
+     not to the particular connection ID. */
+  uint8_t token[NGTCP2_STATELESS_RESET_TOKENLEN];
+} ngtcp2_dcid;
+
+/* ngtcp2_cid_zero makes |cid| zero-length. */
+void ngtcp2_cid_zero(ngtcp2_cid *cid);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_cid_less returns nonzero if |lhs| is lexicographical smaller
+ * than |rhs|.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_cid_less(const ngtcp2_cid *lhs, const ngtcp2_cid *rhs);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_cid_empty returns nonzero if |cid| includes empty connection
+ * ID.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_cid_empty(const ngtcp2_cid *cid);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_scid_init initializes |scid| with the given parameters.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_scid_init(ngtcp2_scid *scid, uint64_t seq, const ngtcp2_cid *cid);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_scid_copy copies |src| into |dest|.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_scid_copy(ngtcp2_scid *dest, const ngtcp2_scid *src);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_dcid_init initializes |dcid| with the given parameters.  If
+ * |token| is NULL, the function fills dcid->token it with 0.  |token|
+ * must be NGTCP2_STATELESS_RESET_TOKENLEN bytes long.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_dcid_init(ngtcp2_dcid *dcid, uint64_t seq, const ngtcp2_cid *cid,
+                      const uint8_t *token);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_dcid_set_token sets |token| to |dcid|.  |token| must not be
+ * NULL and must be NGTCP2_STATELESS_RESET_TOKENLEN bytes long.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_dcid_set_token(ngtcp2_dcid *dcid, const uint8_t *token);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_dcid_set_path sets |path| to |dcid|.  It sets
+ * max_udp_payload_size to the minimum UDP payload size supported
+ * by the IP protocol version.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_dcid_set_path(ngtcp2_dcid *dcid, const ngtcp2_path *path);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_dcid_copy copies |src| into |dest|.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_dcid_copy(ngtcp2_dcid *dest, const ngtcp2_dcid *src);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_dcid_copy_cid_token behaves like ngtcp2_dcid_copy, but it
+ * only copies cid, seq, and path.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_dcid_copy_cid_token(ngtcp2_dcid *dest, const ngtcp2_dcid *src);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_dcid_verify_uniqueness verifies uniqueness of (|seq|, |cid|,
+ * |token|) tuple against |dcid|.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_dcid_verify_uniqueness(ngtcp2_dcid *dcid, uint64_t seq,
+                                  const ngtcp2_cid *cid, const uint8_t *token);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_dcid_verify_stateless_reset_token verifies stateless reset
+ * token |token| against the one included in |dcid|.  This function
+ * returns 0 if the verification succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT
+ *     Tokens do not match; or |dcid| does not contain a token.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_dcid_verify_stateless_reset_token(const ngtcp2_dcid *dcid,
+                                             const uint8_t *token);
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_CID_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_conn.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_conn.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb00ca8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_conn.c
@@ -0,0 +1,13698 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_conn.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_macro.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_log.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_cid.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_conv.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_vec.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_addr.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_path.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_rcvry.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_unreachable.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_net.h"
+
+/* NGTCP2_FLOW_WINDOW_RTT_FACTOR is the factor of RTT when flow
+   control window auto-tuning is triggered. */
+#define NGTCP2_FLOW_WINDOW_RTT_FACTOR 2
+/* NGTCP2_FLOW_WINDOW_SCALING_FACTOR is the growth factor of flow
+   control window. */
+#define NGTCP2_FLOW_WINDOW_SCALING_FACTOR 2
+/* NGTCP2_MIN_COALESCED_PAYLOADLEN is the minimum length of QUIC
+   packet payload that should be coalesced to a long packet. */
+#define NGTCP2_MIN_COALESCED_PAYLOADLEN 128
+
+/*
+ * conn_local_stream returns nonzero if |stream_id| indicates that it
+ * is the stream initiated by local endpoint.
+ */
+static int conn_local_stream(ngtcp2_conn *conn, int64_t stream_id) {
+  return (uint8_t)(stream_id & 1) == conn->server;
+}
+
+/*
+ * bidi_stream returns nonzero if |stream_id| is a bidirectional
+ * stream ID.
+ */
+static int bidi_stream(int64_t stream_id) { return (stream_id & 0x2) == 0; }
+
+/*
+ * conn_is_handshake_completed returns nonzero if QUIC handshake has
+ * completed.
+ */
+static int conn_is_handshake_completed(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  return (conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_HANDSHAKE_COMPLETED) &&
+         conn->pktns.crypto.rx.ckm && conn->pktns.crypto.tx.ckm;
+}
+
+static int conn_call_recv_client_initial(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                         const ngtcp2_cid *dcid) {
+  int rv;
+
+  assert(conn->callbacks.recv_client_initial);
+
+  rv = conn->callbacks.recv_client_initial(conn, dcid, conn->user_data);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int conn_call_handshake_completed(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  int rv;
+
+  if (!conn->callbacks.handshake_completed) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  rv = conn->callbacks.handshake_completed(conn, conn->user_data);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int conn_call_recv_stream_data(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_strm *strm,
+                                      uint32_t flags, uint64_t offset,
+                                      const uint8_t *data, size_t datalen) {
+  int rv;
+
+  if (!conn->callbacks.recv_stream_data) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  rv = conn->callbacks.recv_stream_data(conn, flags, strm->stream_id, offset,
+                                        data, datalen, conn->user_data,
+                                        strm->stream_user_data);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int conn_call_recv_crypto_data(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                      ngtcp2_crypto_level crypto_level,
+                                      uint64_t offset, const uint8_t *data,
+                                      size_t datalen) {
+  int rv;
+
+  assert(conn->callbacks.recv_crypto_data);
+
+  rv = conn->callbacks.recv_crypto_data(conn, crypto_level, offset, data,
+                                        datalen, conn->user_data);
+  switch (rv) {
+  case 0:
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_CRYPTO:
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_REQUIRED_TRANSPORT_PARAM:
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM:
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_TRANSPORT_PARAM:
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO:
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_VERSION_NEGOTIATION_FAILURE:
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM:
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE:
+    return rv;
+  default:
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+  }
+}
+
+static int conn_call_stream_open(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_strm *strm) {
+  int rv;
+
+  if (!conn->callbacks.stream_open) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  rv = conn->callbacks.stream_open(conn, strm->stream_id, conn->user_data);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int conn_call_stream_close(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_strm *strm) {
+  int rv;
+  uint32_t flags = NGTCP2_STREAM_CLOSE_FLAG_NONE;
+
+  if (!conn->callbacks.stream_close) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (strm->flags & NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_APP_ERROR_CODE_SET) {
+    flags |= NGTCP2_STREAM_CLOSE_FLAG_APP_ERROR_CODE_SET;
+  }
+
+  rv = conn->callbacks.stream_close(conn, flags, strm->stream_id,
+                                    strm->app_error_code, conn->user_data,
+                                    strm->stream_user_data);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int conn_call_stream_reset(ngtcp2_conn *conn, int64_t stream_id,
+                                  uint64_t final_size, uint64_t app_error_code,
+                                  void *stream_user_data) {
+  int rv;
+
+  if (!conn->callbacks.stream_reset) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  rv = conn->callbacks.stream_reset(conn, stream_id, final_size, app_error_code,
+                                    conn->user_data, stream_user_data);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int conn_call_extend_max_local_streams_bidi(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                                   uint64_t max_streams) {
+  int rv;
+
+  if (!conn->callbacks.extend_max_local_streams_bidi) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  rv = conn->callbacks.extend_max_local_streams_bidi(conn, max_streams,
+                                                     conn->user_data);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int conn_call_extend_max_local_streams_uni(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                                  uint64_t max_streams) {
+  int rv;
+
+  if (!conn->callbacks.extend_max_local_streams_uni) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  rv = conn->callbacks.extend_max_local_streams_uni(conn, max_streams,
+                                                    conn->user_data);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int conn_call_get_new_connection_id(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_cid *cid,
+                                           uint8_t *token, size_t cidlen) {
+  int rv;
+
+  assert(conn->callbacks.get_new_connection_id);
+
+  rv = conn->callbacks.get_new_connection_id(conn, cid, token, cidlen,
+                                             conn->user_data);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int conn_call_remove_connection_id(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                          const ngtcp2_cid *cid) {
+  int rv;
+
+  if (!conn->callbacks.remove_connection_id) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  rv = conn->callbacks.remove_connection_id(conn, cid, conn->user_data);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int conn_call_path_validation(ngtcp2_conn *conn, const ngtcp2_pv *pv,
+                                     ngtcp2_path_validation_result res) {
+  int rv;
+  uint32_t flags = NGTCP2_PATH_VALIDATION_FLAG_NONE;
+
+  if (!conn->callbacks.path_validation) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (pv->flags & NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_PREFERRED_ADDR) {
+    flags |= NGTCP2_PATH_VALIDATION_FLAG_PREFERRED_ADDR;
+  }
+
+  rv = conn->callbacks.path_validation(conn, flags, &pv->dcid.ps.path, res,
+                                       conn->user_data);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int conn_call_select_preferred_addr(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                           ngtcp2_path *dest) {
+  int rv;
+
+  if (!conn->callbacks.select_preferred_addr) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  assert(conn->remote.transport_params);
+  assert(conn->remote.transport_params->preferred_address_present);
+
+  rv = conn->callbacks.select_preferred_addr(
+      conn, dest, &conn->remote.transport_params->preferred_address,
+      conn->user_data);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int conn_call_extend_max_remote_streams_bidi(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                                    uint64_t max_streams) {
+  int rv;
+
+  if (!conn->callbacks.extend_max_remote_streams_bidi) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  rv = conn->callbacks.extend_max_remote_streams_bidi(conn, max_streams,
+                                                      conn->user_data);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int conn_call_extend_max_remote_streams_uni(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                                   uint64_t max_streams) {
+  int rv;
+
+  if (!conn->callbacks.extend_max_remote_streams_uni) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  rv = conn->callbacks.extend_max_remote_streams_uni(conn, max_streams,
+                                                     conn->user_data);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int conn_call_extend_max_stream_data(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                            ngtcp2_strm *strm,
+                                            int64_t stream_id,
+                                            uint64_t datalen) {
+  int rv;
+
+  if (!conn->callbacks.extend_max_stream_data) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  rv = conn->callbacks.extend_max_stream_data(
+      conn, stream_id, datalen, conn->user_data, strm->stream_user_data);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int conn_call_dcid_status(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                 ngtcp2_connection_id_status_type type,
+                                 const ngtcp2_dcid *dcid) {
+  int rv;
+
+  if (!conn->callbacks.dcid_status) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  rv = conn->callbacks.dcid_status(
+      conn, (int)type, dcid->seq, &dcid->cid,
+      (dcid->flags & NGTCP2_DCID_FLAG_TOKEN_PRESENT) ? dcid->token : NULL,
+      conn->user_data);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int conn_call_activate_dcid(ngtcp2_conn *conn, const ngtcp2_dcid *dcid) {
+  return conn_call_dcid_status(conn, NGTCP2_CONNECTION_ID_STATUS_TYPE_ACTIVATE,
+                               dcid);
+}
+
+static int conn_call_deactivate_dcid(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                     const ngtcp2_dcid *dcid) {
+  return conn_call_dcid_status(
+      conn, NGTCP2_CONNECTION_ID_STATUS_TYPE_DEACTIVATE, dcid);
+}
+
+static int conn_call_stream_stop_sending(ngtcp2_conn *conn, int64_t stream_id,
+                                         uint64_t app_error_code,
+                                         void *stream_user_data) {
+  int rv;
+
+  if (!conn->callbacks.stream_stop_sending) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  rv = conn->callbacks.stream_stop_sending(conn, stream_id, app_error_code,
+                                           conn->user_data, stream_user_data);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static void conn_call_delete_crypto_aead_ctx(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                             ngtcp2_crypto_aead_ctx *aead_ctx) {
+  if (!aead_ctx->native_handle) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  assert(conn->callbacks.delete_crypto_aead_ctx);
+
+  conn->callbacks.delete_crypto_aead_ctx(conn, aead_ctx, conn->user_data);
+}
+
+static void
+conn_call_delete_crypto_cipher_ctx(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                   ngtcp2_crypto_cipher_ctx *cipher_ctx) {
+  if (!cipher_ctx->native_handle) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  assert(conn->callbacks.delete_crypto_cipher_ctx);
+
+  conn->callbacks.delete_crypto_cipher_ctx(conn, cipher_ctx, conn->user_data);
+}
+
+static int conn_call_client_initial(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  int rv;
+
+  assert(conn->callbacks.client_initial);
+
+  rv = conn->callbacks.client_initial(conn, conn->user_data);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int conn_call_get_path_challenge_data(ngtcp2_conn *conn, uint8_t *data) {
+  int rv;
+
+  assert(conn->callbacks.get_path_challenge_data);
+
+  rv = conn->callbacks.get_path_challenge_data(conn, data, conn->user_data);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int conn_call_recv_version_negotiation(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                              const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                                              const uint32_t *sv, size_t nsv) {
+  int rv;
+
+  if (!conn->callbacks.recv_version_negotiation) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  rv = conn->callbacks.recv_version_negotiation(conn, hd, sv, nsv,
+                                                conn->user_data);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int conn_call_recv_retry(ngtcp2_conn *conn, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd) {
+  int rv;
+
+  assert(conn->callbacks.recv_retry);
+
+  rv = conn->callbacks.recv_retry(conn, hd, conn->user_data);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+conn_call_recv_stateless_reset(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                               const ngtcp2_pkt_stateless_reset *sr) {
+  int rv;
+
+  if (!conn->callbacks.recv_stateless_reset) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  rv = conn->callbacks.recv_stateless_reset(conn, sr, conn->user_data);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int conn_call_recv_new_token(ngtcp2_conn *conn, const uint8_t *token,
+                                    size_t tokenlen) {
+  int rv;
+
+  if (!conn->callbacks.recv_new_token) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  rv = conn->callbacks.recv_new_token(conn, token, tokenlen, conn->user_data);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int conn_call_handshake_confirmed(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  int rv;
+
+  if (!conn->callbacks.handshake_confirmed) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  rv = conn->callbacks.handshake_confirmed(conn, conn->user_data);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int conn_call_recv_datagram(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                   const ngtcp2_datagram *fr) {
+  const uint8_t *data;
+  size_t datalen;
+  int rv;
+  uint32_t flags = NGTCP2_DATAGRAM_FLAG_NONE;
+
+  if (!conn->callbacks.recv_datagram) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (fr->datacnt) {
+    assert(fr->datacnt == 1);
+
+    data = fr->data->base;
+    datalen = fr->data->len;
+  } else {
+    data = NULL;
+    datalen = 0;
+  }
+
+  if (!conn_is_handshake_completed(conn)) {
+    flags |= NGTCP2_DATAGRAM_FLAG_EARLY;
+  }
+
+  rv = conn->callbacks.recv_datagram(conn, flags, data, datalen,
+                                     conn->user_data);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+conn_call_update_key(ngtcp2_conn *conn, uint8_t *rx_secret, uint8_t *tx_secret,
+                     ngtcp2_crypto_aead_ctx *rx_aead_ctx, uint8_t *rx_iv,
+                     ngtcp2_crypto_aead_ctx *tx_aead_ctx, uint8_t *tx_iv,
+                     const uint8_t *current_rx_secret,
+                     const uint8_t *current_tx_secret, size_t secretlen) {
+  int rv;
+
+  assert(conn->callbacks.update_key);
+
+  rv = conn->callbacks.update_key(
+      conn, rx_secret, tx_secret, rx_aead_ctx, rx_iv, tx_aead_ctx, tx_iv,
+      current_rx_secret, current_tx_secret, secretlen, conn->user_data);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int conn_call_version_negotiation(ngtcp2_conn *conn, uint32_t version,
+                                         const ngtcp2_cid *dcid) {
+  int rv;
+
+  assert(conn->callbacks.version_negotiation);
+
+  rv =
+      conn->callbacks.version_negotiation(conn, version, dcid, conn->user_data);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int conn_call_recv_rx_key(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_crypto_level level) {
+  int rv;
+
+  if (!conn->callbacks.recv_rx_key) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  rv = conn->callbacks.recv_rx_key(conn, level, conn->user_data);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int conn_call_recv_tx_key(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_crypto_level level) {
+  int rv;
+
+  if (!conn->callbacks.recv_tx_key) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  rv = conn->callbacks.recv_tx_key(conn, level, conn->user_data);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int crypto_offset_less(const ngtcp2_ksl_key *lhs,
+                              const ngtcp2_ksl_key *rhs) {
+  return *(int64_t *)lhs < *(int64_t *)rhs;
+}
+
+static int pktns_init(ngtcp2_pktns *pktns, ngtcp2_pktns_id pktns_id,
+                      ngtcp2_rst *rst, ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_log *log,
+                      ngtcp2_qlog *qlog, ngtcp2_objalloc *rtb_entry_objalloc,
+                      ngtcp2_objalloc *frc_objalloc, const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  int rv;
+
+  memset(pktns, 0, sizeof(*pktns));
+
+  ngtcp2_gaptr_init(&pktns->rx.pngap, mem);
+
+  pktns->tx.last_pkt_num = -1;
+  pktns->rx.max_pkt_num = -1;
+  pktns->rx.max_ack_eliciting_pkt_num = -1;
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_acktr_init(&pktns->acktr, log, mem);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    goto fail_acktr_init;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_strm_init(&pktns->crypto.strm, 0, NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_NONE, 0, 0, NULL,
+                   NULL, mem);
+
+  ngtcp2_ksl_init(&pktns->crypto.tx.frq, crypto_offset_less, sizeof(uint64_t),
+                  mem);
+
+  ngtcp2_rtb_init(&pktns->rtb, pktns_id, &pktns->crypto.strm, rst, cc, log,
+                  qlog, rtb_entry_objalloc, frc_objalloc, mem);
+
+  return 0;
+
+fail_acktr_init:
+  ngtcp2_gaptr_free(&pktns->rx.pngap);
+
+  return rv;
+}
+
+static int pktns_new(ngtcp2_pktns **ppktns, ngtcp2_pktns_id pktns_id,
+                     ngtcp2_rst *rst, ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_log *log,
+                     ngtcp2_qlog *qlog, ngtcp2_objalloc *rtb_entry_objalloc,
+                     ngtcp2_objalloc *frc_objalloc, const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  int rv;
+
+  *ppktns = ngtcp2_mem_malloc(mem, sizeof(ngtcp2_pktns));
+  if (*ppktns == NULL) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  rv = pktns_init(*ppktns, pktns_id, rst, cc, log, qlog, rtb_entry_objalloc,
+                  frc_objalloc, mem);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    ngtcp2_mem_free(mem, *ppktns);
+  }
+
+  return rv;
+}
+
+static int cycle_less(const ngtcp2_pq_entry *lhs, const ngtcp2_pq_entry *rhs) {
+  ngtcp2_strm *ls = ngtcp2_struct_of(lhs, ngtcp2_strm, pe);
+  ngtcp2_strm *rs = ngtcp2_struct_of(rhs, ngtcp2_strm, pe);
+
+  if (ls->cycle == rs->cycle) {
+    return ls->stream_id < rs->stream_id;
+  }
+
+  return rs->cycle - ls->cycle <= 1;
+}
+
+static void delete_buffed_pkts(ngtcp2_pkt_chain *pc, const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  ngtcp2_pkt_chain *next;
+
+  for (; pc;) {
+    next = pc->next;
+    ngtcp2_pkt_chain_del(pc, mem);
+    pc = next;
+  }
+}
+
+static void delete_buf_chain(ngtcp2_buf_chain *bufchain,
+                             const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  ngtcp2_buf_chain *next;
+
+  for (; bufchain;) {
+    next = bufchain->next;
+    ngtcp2_buf_chain_del(bufchain, mem);
+    bufchain = next;
+  }
+}
+
+static void pktns_free(ngtcp2_pktns *pktns, const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain *frc;
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+
+  delete_buf_chain(pktns->crypto.tx.data, mem);
+
+  delete_buffed_pkts(pktns->rx.buffed_pkts, mem);
+
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain_list_objalloc_del(pktns->tx.frq, pktns->rtb.frc_objalloc,
+                                       mem);
+
+  ngtcp2_crypto_km_del(pktns->crypto.rx.ckm, mem);
+  ngtcp2_crypto_km_del(pktns->crypto.tx.ckm, mem);
+
+  for (it = ngtcp2_ksl_begin(&pktns->crypto.tx.frq); !ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it);
+       ngtcp2_ksl_it_next(&it)) {
+    frc = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+    ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, pktns->rtb.frc_objalloc, mem);
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_ksl_free(&pktns->crypto.tx.frq);
+  ngtcp2_rtb_free(&pktns->rtb);
+  ngtcp2_strm_free(&pktns->crypto.strm);
+  ngtcp2_acktr_free(&pktns->acktr);
+  ngtcp2_gaptr_free(&pktns->rx.pngap);
+}
+
+static void pktns_del(ngtcp2_pktns *pktns, const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  if (pktns == NULL) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  pktns_free(pktns, mem);
+
+  ngtcp2_mem_free(mem, pktns);
+}
+
+static void cc_del(ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_cc_algo cc_algo,
+                   const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  switch (cc_algo) {
+  case NGTCP2_CC_ALGO_RENO:
+    ngtcp2_cc_reno_cc_free(cc, mem);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_CC_ALGO_CUBIC:
+    ngtcp2_cc_cubic_cc_free(cc, mem);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_CC_ALGO_BBR:
+    ngtcp2_cc_bbr_cc_free(cc, mem);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_CC_ALGO_BBR2:
+    ngtcp2_cc_bbr2_cc_free(cc, mem);
+    break;
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+static int cid_less(const ngtcp2_ksl_key *lhs, const ngtcp2_ksl_key *rhs) {
+  return ngtcp2_cid_less(lhs, rhs);
+}
+
+static int retired_ts_less(const ngtcp2_pq_entry *lhs,
+                           const ngtcp2_pq_entry *rhs) {
+  const ngtcp2_scid *a = ngtcp2_struct_of(lhs, ngtcp2_scid, pe);
+  const ngtcp2_scid *b = ngtcp2_struct_of(rhs, ngtcp2_scid, pe);
+
+  return a->retired_ts < b->retired_ts;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_reset_conn_stat_cc resets congestion state in |cstat|.
+ */
+static void conn_reset_conn_stat_cc(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                    ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  cstat->latest_rtt = 0;
+  cstat->min_rtt = UINT64_MAX;
+  cstat->smoothed_rtt = conn->local.settings.initial_rtt;
+  cstat->rttvar = conn->local.settings.initial_rtt / 2;
+  cstat->first_rtt_sample_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+  cstat->pto_count = 0;
+  cstat->loss_detection_timer = UINT64_MAX;
+  cstat->cwnd =
+      ngtcp2_cc_compute_initcwnd(conn->local.settings.max_tx_udp_payload_size);
+  cstat->ssthresh = UINT64_MAX;
+  cstat->congestion_recovery_start_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+  cstat->bytes_in_flight = 0;
+  cstat->delivery_rate_sec = 0;
+  cstat->pacing_rate = 0.0;
+  cstat->send_quantum = 64 * 1024;
+}
+
+/*
+ * reset_conn_stat_recovery resets the fields related to the recovery
+ * function
+ */
+static void reset_conn_stat_recovery(ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  /* Initializes them with UINT64_MAX. */
+  memset(cstat->loss_time, 0xff, sizeof(cstat->loss_time));
+  memset(cstat->last_tx_pkt_ts, 0xff, sizeof(cstat->last_tx_pkt_ts));
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_reset_conn_stat resets |cstat|.  The following fields are not
+ * reset: initial_rtt and max_udp_payload_size.
+ */
+static void conn_reset_conn_stat(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  conn_reset_conn_stat_cc(conn, cstat);
+  reset_conn_stat_recovery(cstat);
+}
+
+static void delete_scid(ngtcp2_ksl *scids, const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+
+  for (it = ngtcp2_ksl_begin(scids); !ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it);
+       ngtcp2_ksl_it_next(&it)) {
+    ngtcp2_mem_free(mem, ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it));
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * compute_pto computes PTO.
+ */
+static ngtcp2_duration compute_pto(ngtcp2_duration smoothed_rtt,
+                                   ngtcp2_duration rttvar,
+                                   ngtcp2_duration max_ack_delay) {
+  ngtcp2_duration var = ngtcp2_max(4 * rttvar, NGTCP2_GRANULARITY);
+  return smoothed_rtt + var + max_ack_delay;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_compute_initial_pto computes PTO using the initial RTT.
+ */
+static ngtcp2_duration conn_compute_initial_pto(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                                ngtcp2_pktns *pktns) {
+  ngtcp2_duration initial_rtt = conn->local.settings.initial_rtt;
+  ngtcp2_duration max_ack_delay;
+
+  if (pktns->rtb.pktns_id == NGTCP2_PKTNS_ID_APPLICATION &&
+      conn->remote.transport_params) {
+    max_ack_delay = conn->remote.transport_params->max_ack_delay;
+  } else {
+    max_ack_delay = 0;
+  }
+  return compute_pto(initial_rtt, initial_rtt / 2, max_ack_delay);
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_compute_pto computes the current PTO.
+ */
+static ngtcp2_duration conn_compute_pto(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                        ngtcp2_pktns *pktns) {
+  ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat = &conn->cstat;
+  ngtcp2_duration max_ack_delay;
+
+  if (pktns->rtb.pktns_id == NGTCP2_PKTNS_ID_APPLICATION &&
+      conn->remote.transport_params) {
+    max_ack_delay = conn->remote.transport_params->max_ack_delay;
+  } else {
+    max_ack_delay = 0;
+  }
+  return compute_pto(cstat->smoothed_rtt, cstat->rttvar, max_ack_delay);
+}
+
+ngtcp2_duration ngtcp2_conn_compute_pto(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                        ngtcp2_pktns *pktns) {
+  return conn_compute_pto(conn, pktns);
+}
+
+static void conn_handle_tx_ecn(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi,
+                               uint16_t *prtb_entry_flags, ngtcp2_pktns *pktns,
+                               const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  assert(pi);
+
+  if (pi->ecn != NGTCP2_ECN_NOT_ECT) {
+    /* We have already made a transition of validation state and
+      deceided to send UDP datagram with ECN bit set.  Coalesced QUIC
+      packets also bear ECN bits set. */
+    if (pktns->tx.ecn.start_pkt_num == INT64_MAX) {
+      pktns->tx.ecn.start_pkt_num = hd->pkt_num;
+    }
+
+    ++pktns->tx.ecn.validation_pkt_sent;
+
+    if (prtb_entry_flags) {
+      *prtb_entry_flags |= NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ECN;
+    }
+
+    ++pktns->tx.ecn.ect0;
+
+    return;
+  }
+
+  switch (conn->tx.ecn.state) {
+  case NGTCP2_ECN_STATE_TESTING:
+    if (conn->tx.ecn.validation_start_ts == UINT64_MAX) {
+      assert(0 == pktns->tx.ecn.validation_pkt_sent);
+      assert(0 == pktns->tx.ecn.validation_pkt_lost);
+
+      conn->tx.ecn.validation_start_ts = ts;
+    } else if (ts - conn->tx.ecn.validation_start_ts >=
+               3 * conn_compute_pto(conn, pktns)) {
+      conn->tx.ecn.state = NGTCP2_ECN_STATE_UNKNOWN;
+      break;
+    }
+
+    if (pktns->tx.ecn.start_pkt_num == INT64_MAX) {
+      pktns->tx.ecn.start_pkt_num = hd->pkt_num;
+    }
+
+    ++pktns->tx.ecn.validation_pkt_sent;
+
+    if (++conn->tx.ecn.dgram_sent == NGTCP2_ECN_MAX_NUM_VALIDATION_PKTS) {
+      conn->tx.ecn.state = NGTCP2_ECN_STATE_UNKNOWN;
+    }
+    /* fall through */
+  case NGTCP2_ECN_STATE_CAPABLE:
+    /* pi is provided per UDP datagram. */
+    assert(NGTCP2_ECN_NOT_ECT == pi->ecn);
+
+    pi->ecn = NGTCP2_ECN_ECT_0;
+
+    if (prtb_entry_flags) {
+      *prtb_entry_flags |= NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ECN;
+    }
+
+    ++pktns->tx.ecn.ect0;
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_ECN_STATE_UNKNOWN:
+  case NGTCP2_ECN_STATE_FAILED:
+    break;
+  default:
+    ngtcp2_unreachable();
+  }
+}
+
+static void conn_reset_ecn_validation_state(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  ngtcp2_pktns *in_pktns = conn->in_pktns;
+  ngtcp2_pktns *hs_pktns = conn->hs_pktns;
+  ngtcp2_pktns *pktns = &conn->pktns;
+
+  conn->tx.ecn.state = NGTCP2_ECN_STATE_TESTING;
+  conn->tx.ecn.validation_start_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+  conn->tx.ecn.dgram_sent = 0;
+
+  if (in_pktns) {
+    in_pktns->tx.ecn.start_pkt_num = INT64_MAX;
+    in_pktns->tx.ecn.validation_pkt_sent = 0;
+    in_pktns->tx.ecn.validation_pkt_lost = 0;
+  }
+
+  if (hs_pktns) {
+    hs_pktns->tx.ecn.start_pkt_num = INT64_MAX;
+    hs_pktns->tx.ecn.validation_pkt_sent = 0;
+    hs_pktns->tx.ecn.validation_pkt_lost = 0;
+  }
+
+  pktns->tx.ecn.start_pkt_num = INT64_MAX;
+  pktns->tx.ecn.validation_pkt_sent = 0;
+  pktns->tx.ecn.validation_pkt_lost = 0;
+}
+
+/* server_default_available_versions is the default available_versions
+   field sent by server. */
+static uint8_t server_default_available_versions[] = {0, 0, 0, 1};
+
+/*
+ * available_versions_new allocates new buffer, and writes |versions|
+ * of length |versionslen| in network byte order, suitable for sending
+ * in available_versions field of version_information QUIC transport
+ * parameter.  The pointer to the allocated buffer is assigned to
+ * |*pbuf|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the negative
+ * error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ */
+static int available_versions_new(uint8_t **pbuf, const uint32_t *versions,
+                                  size_t versionslen, const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  size_t i;
+  uint8_t *buf = ngtcp2_mem_malloc(mem, sizeof(uint32_t) * versionslen);
+
+  if (buf == NULL) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  *pbuf = buf;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < versionslen; ++i) {
+    buf = ngtcp2_put_uint32be(buf, versions[i]);
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+conn_set_local_transport_params(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                const ngtcp2_transport_params *params) {
+  ngtcp2_transport_params *p = &conn->local.transport_params;
+  uint32_t chosen_version = p->version_info.chosen_version;
+
+  *p = *params;
+
+  /* grease_quic_bit is always enabled. */
+  p->grease_quic_bit = 1;
+
+  if (conn->server) {
+    p->version_info.chosen_version = chosen_version;
+  } else {
+    p->version_info.chosen_version = conn->client_chosen_version;
+  }
+  p->version_info.available_versions = conn->vneg.available_versions;
+  p->version_info.available_versionslen = conn->vneg.available_versionslen;
+  p->version_info_present = 1;
+}
+
+static int conn_new(ngtcp2_conn **pconn, const ngtcp2_cid *dcid,
+                    const ngtcp2_cid *scid, const ngtcp2_path *path,
+                    uint32_t client_chosen_version, int callbacks_version,
+                    const ngtcp2_callbacks *callbacks, int settings_version,
+                    const ngtcp2_settings *settings,
+                    int transport_params_version,
+                    const ngtcp2_transport_params *params,
+                    const ngtcp2_mem *mem, void *user_data, int server) {
+  int rv;
+  ngtcp2_scid *scident;
+  uint8_t *buf;
+  uint8_t fixed_bit_byte;
+  size_t i;
+  uint32_t *preferred_versions;
+  (void)callbacks_version;
+  (void)settings_version;
+  (void)transport_params_version;
+
+  assert(settings->max_window <= NGTCP2_MAX_VARINT);
+  assert(settings->max_stream_window <= NGTCP2_MAX_VARINT);
+  assert(settings->max_tx_udp_payload_size);
+  assert(settings->max_tx_udp_payload_size <= NGTCP2_HARD_MAX_UDP_PAYLOAD_SIZE);
+  assert(params->active_connection_id_limit <= NGTCP2_MAX_DCID_POOL_SIZE);
+  assert(params->initial_max_data <= NGTCP2_MAX_VARINT);
+  assert(params->initial_max_stream_data_bidi_local <= NGTCP2_MAX_VARINT);
+  assert(params->initial_max_stream_data_bidi_remote <= NGTCP2_MAX_VARINT);
+  assert(params->initial_max_stream_data_uni <= NGTCP2_MAX_VARINT);
+  assert(server || callbacks->client_initial);
+  assert(!server || callbacks->recv_client_initial);
+  assert(callbacks->recv_crypto_data);
+  assert(callbacks->encrypt);
+  assert(callbacks->decrypt);
+  assert(callbacks->hp_mask);
+  assert(server || callbacks->recv_retry);
+  assert(callbacks->rand);
+  assert(callbacks->get_new_connection_id);
+  assert(callbacks->update_key);
+  assert(callbacks->delete_crypto_aead_ctx);
+  assert(callbacks->delete_crypto_cipher_ctx);
+  assert(callbacks->get_path_challenge_data);
+  assert(!server || !ngtcp2_is_reserved_version(client_chosen_version));
+
+  if (mem == NULL) {
+    mem = ngtcp2_mem_default();
+  }
+
+  *pconn = ngtcp2_mem_calloc(mem, 1, sizeof(ngtcp2_conn));
+  if (*pconn == NULL) {
+    rv = NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+    goto fail_conn;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_objalloc_frame_chain_init(&(*pconn)->frc_objalloc, 64, mem);
+  ngtcp2_objalloc_rtb_entry_init(&(*pconn)->rtb_entry_objalloc, 64, mem);
+  ngtcp2_objalloc_strm_init(&(*pconn)->strm_objalloc, 64, mem);
+
+  ngtcp2_static_ringbuf_dcid_bound_init(&(*pconn)->dcid.bound);
+
+  ngtcp2_static_ringbuf_dcid_unused_init(&(*pconn)->dcid.unused);
+
+  ngtcp2_static_ringbuf_dcid_retired_init(&(*pconn)->dcid.retired);
+
+  ngtcp2_gaptr_init(&(*pconn)->dcid.seqgap, mem);
+
+  ngtcp2_ksl_init(&(*pconn)->scid.set, cid_less, sizeof(ngtcp2_cid), mem);
+
+  ngtcp2_pq_init(&(*pconn)->scid.used, retired_ts_less, mem);
+
+  ngtcp2_map_init(&(*pconn)->strms, mem);
+
+  ngtcp2_pq_init(&(*pconn)->tx.strmq, cycle_less, mem);
+
+  ngtcp2_idtr_init(&(*pconn)->remote.bidi.idtr, !server, mem);
+
+  ngtcp2_idtr_init(&(*pconn)->remote.uni.idtr, !server, mem);
+
+  ngtcp2_static_ringbuf_path_challenge_init(&(*pconn)->rx.path_challenge);
+
+  ngtcp2_log_init(&(*pconn)->log, scid, settings->log_printf,
+                  settings->initial_ts, user_data);
+  ngtcp2_qlog_init(&(*pconn)->qlog, settings->qlog.write, settings->initial_ts,
+                   user_data);
+  if ((*pconn)->qlog.write) {
+    buf = ngtcp2_mem_malloc(mem, NGTCP2_QLOG_BUFLEN);
+    if (buf == NULL) {
+      rv = NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+      goto fail_qlog_buf;
+    }
+    ngtcp2_buf_init(&(*pconn)->qlog.buf, buf, NGTCP2_QLOG_BUFLEN);
+  }
+
+  (*pconn)->local.settings = *settings;
+
+  if (settings->tokenlen) {
+    buf = ngtcp2_mem_malloc(mem, settings->tokenlen);
+    if (buf == NULL) {
+      rv = NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+      goto fail_token;
+    }
+    memcpy(buf, settings->token, settings->tokenlen);
+    (*pconn)->local.settings.token = buf;
+  } else {
+    (*pconn)->local.settings.token = NULL;
+  }
+
+  if (!(*pconn)->local.settings.original_version) {
+    (*pconn)->local.settings.original_version = client_chosen_version;
+  }
+
+  conn_reset_conn_stat(*pconn, &(*pconn)->cstat);
+  (*pconn)->cstat.initial_rtt = settings->initial_rtt;
+  (*pconn)->cstat.max_tx_udp_payload_size =
+      (*pconn)->local.settings.max_tx_udp_payload_size;
+
+  ngtcp2_rst_init(&(*pconn)->rst);
+
+  (*pconn)->cc_algo = settings->cc_algo;
+
+  switch (settings->cc_algo) {
+  case NGTCP2_CC_ALGO_RENO:
+    rv = ngtcp2_cc_reno_cc_init(&(*pconn)->cc, &(*pconn)->log, mem);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      goto fail_cc_init;
+    }
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_CC_ALGO_CUBIC:
+    rv = ngtcp2_cc_cubic_cc_init(&(*pconn)->cc, &(*pconn)->log, mem);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      goto fail_cc_init;
+    }
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_CC_ALGO_BBR:
+    rv = ngtcp2_cc_bbr_cc_init(&(*pconn)->cc, &(*pconn)->log, &(*pconn)->cstat,
+                               &(*pconn)->rst, settings->initial_ts,
+                               callbacks->rand, &settings->rand_ctx, mem);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      goto fail_cc_init;
+    }
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_CC_ALGO_BBR2:
+    rv = ngtcp2_cc_bbr2_cc_init(&(*pconn)->cc, &(*pconn)->log, &(*pconn)->cstat,
+                                &(*pconn)->rst, settings->initial_ts,
+                                callbacks->rand, &settings->rand_ctx, mem);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      goto fail_cc_init;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    ngtcp2_unreachable();
+  }
+
+  rv = pktns_new(&(*pconn)->in_pktns, NGTCP2_PKTNS_ID_INITIAL, &(*pconn)->rst,
+                 &(*pconn)->cc, &(*pconn)->log, &(*pconn)->qlog,
+                 &(*pconn)->rtb_entry_objalloc, &(*pconn)->frc_objalloc, mem);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    goto fail_in_pktns_init;
+  }
+
+  rv = pktns_new(&(*pconn)->hs_pktns, NGTCP2_PKTNS_ID_HANDSHAKE, &(*pconn)->rst,
+                 &(*pconn)->cc, &(*pconn)->log, &(*pconn)->qlog,
+                 &(*pconn)->rtb_entry_objalloc, &(*pconn)->frc_objalloc, mem);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    goto fail_hs_pktns_init;
+  }
+
+  rv = pktns_init(&(*pconn)->pktns, NGTCP2_PKTNS_ID_APPLICATION, &(*pconn)->rst,
+                  &(*pconn)->cc, &(*pconn)->log, &(*pconn)->qlog,
+                  &(*pconn)->rtb_entry_objalloc, &(*pconn)->frc_objalloc, mem);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    goto fail_pktns_init;
+  }
+
+  scident = ngtcp2_mem_malloc(mem, sizeof(*scident));
+  if (scident == NULL) {
+    rv = NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+    goto fail_scident;
+  }
+
+  /* Set stateless reset token later if it is available in the local
+     transport parameters */
+  ngtcp2_scid_init(scident, 0, scid);
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_ksl_insert(&(*pconn)->scid.set, NULL, &scident->cid, scident);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    goto fail_scid_set_insert;
+  }
+
+  scident = NULL;
+
+  ngtcp2_dcid_init(&(*pconn)->dcid.current, 0, dcid, NULL);
+  ngtcp2_dcid_set_path(&(*pconn)->dcid.current, path);
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_gaptr_push(&(*pconn)->dcid.seqgap, 0, 1);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    goto fail_seqgap_push;
+  }
+
+  if (settings->preferred_versionslen) {
+    if (!server && !ngtcp2_is_reserved_version(client_chosen_version)) {
+      for (i = 0; i < settings->preferred_versionslen; ++i) {
+        if (settings->preferred_versions[i] == client_chosen_version) {
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      assert(i < settings->preferred_versionslen);
+    }
+
+    preferred_versions = ngtcp2_mem_malloc(
+        mem, sizeof(uint32_t) * settings->preferred_versionslen);
+    if (preferred_versions == NULL) {
+      rv = NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+      goto fail_preferred_versions;
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < settings->preferred_versionslen; ++i) {
+      assert(ngtcp2_is_supported_version(settings->preferred_versions[i]));
+
+      preferred_versions[i] = settings->preferred_versions[i];
+    }
+
+    (*pconn)->vneg.preferred_versions = preferred_versions;
+    (*pconn)->vneg.preferred_versionslen = settings->preferred_versionslen;
+  }
+
+  if (settings->available_versionslen) {
+    if (!server && !ngtcp2_is_reserved_version(client_chosen_version)) {
+      for (i = 0; i < settings->available_versionslen; ++i) {
+        if (settings->available_versions[i] == client_chosen_version) {
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      assert(i < settings->available_versionslen);
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < settings->available_versionslen; ++i) {
+      assert(ngtcp2_is_reserved_version(settings->available_versions[i]) ||
+             ngtcp2_is_supported_version(settings->available_versions[i]));
+    }
+
+    rv = available_versions_new(&buf, settings->available_versions,
+                                settings->available_versionslen, mem);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      goto fail_available_versions;
+    }
+
+    (*pconn)->vneg.available_versions = buf;
+    (*pconn)->vneg.available_versionslen =
+        sizeof(uint32_t) * settings->available_versionslen;
+  } else if (server) {
+    if (settings->preferred_versionslen) {
+      rv = available_versions_new(&buf, settings->preferred_versions,
+                                  settings->preferred_versionslen, mem);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        goto fail_available_versions;
+      }
+
+      (*pconn)->vneg.available_versions = buf;
+      (*pconn)->vneg.available_versionslen =
+          sizeof(uint32_t) * settings->preferred_versionslen;
+    } else {
+      (*pconn)->vneg.available_versions = server_default_available_versions;
+      (*pconn)->vneg.available_versionslen =
+          sizeof(server_default_available_versions);
+    }
+  } else if (!server && !ngtcp2_is_reserved_version(client_chosen_version)) {
+    rv = available_versions_new(&buf, &client_chosen_version, 1, mem);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      goto fail_available_versions;
+    }
+
+    (*pconn)->vneg.available_versions = buf;
+    (*pconn)->vneg.available_versionslen = sizeof(uint32_t);
+  }
+
+  (*pconn)->client_chosen_version = client_chosen_version;
+
+  conn_set_local_transport_params(*pconn, params);
+
+  callbacks->rand(&fixed_bit_byte, 1, &settings->rand_ctx);
+  if (fixed_bit_byte & 1) {
+    (*pconn)->flags |= NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_CLEAR_FIXED_BIT;
+  }
+
+  (*pconn)->keep_alive.last_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+
+  (*pconn)->server = server;
+  (*pconn)->oscid = *scid;
+  (*pconn)->callbacks = *callbacks;
+  (*pconn)->mem = mem;
+  (*pconn)->user_data = user_data;
+  (*pconn)->idle_ts = settings->initial_ts;
+  (*pconn)->crypto.key_update.confirmed_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+  (*pconn)->tx.last_max_data_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+  (*pconn)->tx.pacing.next_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+  (*pconn)->early.discard_started_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+
+  conn_reset_ecn_validation_state(*pconn);
+
+  ngtcp2_qlog_start(&(*pconn)->qlog, server ? &settings->qlog.odcid : dcid,
+                    server);
+
+  return 0;
+
+fail_available_versions:
+  ngtcp2_mem_free(mem, (*pconn)->vneg.preferred_versions);
+fail_preferred_versions:
+fail_seqgap_push:
+fail_scid_set_insert:
+  ngtcp2_mem_free(mem, scident);
+fail_scident:
+  pktns_free(&(*pconn)->pktns, mem);
+fail_pktns_init:
+  pktns_del((*pconn)->hs_pktns, mem);
+fail_hs_pktns_init:
+  pktns_del((*pconn)->in_pktns, mem);
+fail_in_pktns_init:
+  cc_del(&(*pconn)->cc, settings->cc_algo, mem);
+fail_cc_init:
+  ngtcp2_mem_free(mem, (uint8_t *)(*pconn)->local.settings.token);
+fail_token:
+  ngtcp2_mem_free(mem, (*pconn)->qlog.buf.begin);
+fail_qlog_buf:
+  ngtcp2_idtr_free(&(*pconn)->remote.uni.idtr);
+  ngtcp2_idtr_free(&(*pconn)->remote.bidi.idtr);
+  ngtcp2_map_free(&(*pconn)->strms);
+  delete_scid(&(*pconn)->scid.set, mem);
+  ngtcp2_ksl_free(&(*pconn)->scid.set);
+  ngtcp2_gaptr_free(&(*pconn)->dcid.seqgap);
+  ngtcp2_objalloc_free(&(*pconn)->strm_objalloc);
+  ngtcp2_objalloc_free(&(*pconn)->rtb_entry_objalloc);
+  ngtcp2_objalloc_free(&(*pconn)->frc_objalloc);
+  ngtcp2_mem_free(mem, *pconn);
+fail_conn:
+  return rv;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_client_new_versioned(
+    ngtcp2_conn **pconn, const ngtcp2_cid *dcid, const ngtcp2_cid *scid,
+    const ngtcp2_path *path, uint32_t client_chosen_version,
+    int callbacks_version, const ngtcp2_callbacks *callbacks,
+    int settings_version, const ngtcp2_settings *settings,
+    int transport_params_version, const ngtcp2_transport_params *params,
+    const ngtcp2_mem *mem, void *user_data) {
+  int rv;
+
+  rv = conn_new(pconn, dcid, scid, path, client_chosen_version,
+                callbacks_version, callbacks, settings_version, settings,
+                transport_params_version, params, mem, user_data, 0);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+  (*pconn)->rcid = *dcid;
+  (*pconn)->state = NGTCP2_CS_CLIENT_INITIAL;
+  (*pconn)->local.bidi.next_stream_id = 0;
+  (*pconn)->local.uni.next_stream_id = 2;
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_conn_commit_local_transport_params(*pconn);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    ngtcp2_conn_del(*pconn);
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_server_new_versioned(
+    ngtcp2_conn **pconn, const ngtcp2_cid *dcid, const ngtcp2_cid *scid,
+    const ngtcp2_path *path, uint32_t client_chosen_version,
+    int callbacks_version, const ngtcp2_callbacks *callbacks,
+    int settings_version, const ngtcp2_settings *settings,
+    int transport_params_version, const ngtcp2_transport_params *params,
+    const ngtcp2_mem *mem, void *user_data) {
+  int rv;
+
+  rv = conn_new(pconn, dcid, scid, path, client_chosen_version,
+                callbacks_version, callbacks, settings_version, settings,
+                transport_params_version, params, mem, user_data, 1);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  (*pconn)->state = NGTCP2_CS_SERVER_INITIAL;
+  (*pconn)->local.bidi.next_stream_id = 1;
+  (*pconn)->local.uni.next_stream_id = 3;
+
+  if ((*pconn)->local.settings.tokenlen) {
+    /* Usage of token lifts amplification limit */
+    (*pconn)->dcid.current.flags |= NGTCP2_DCID_FLAG_PATH_VALIDATED;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_fc_credits returns the number of bytes allowed to be sent to
+ * the given stream.  Both connection and stream level flow control
+ * credits are considered.
+ */
+static uint64_t conn_fc_credits(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_strm *strm) {
+  return ngtcp2_min(strm->tx.max_offset - strm->tx.offset,
+                    conn->tx.max_offset - conn->tx.offset);
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_enforce_flow_control returns the number of bytes allowed to be
+ * sent to the given stream.  |len| might be shorted because of
+ * available flow control credits.
+ */
+static uint64_t conn_enforce_flow_control(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_strm *strm,
+                                          uint64_t len) {
+  uint64_t fc_credits = conn_fc_credits(conn, strm);
+  return ngtcp2_min(len, fc_credits);
+}
+
+static int delete_strms_each(void *data, void *ptr) {
+  ngtcp2_conn *conn = ptr;
+  ngtcp2_strm *s = data;
+
+  ngtcp2_strm_free(s);
+  ngtcp2_objalloc_strm_release(&conn->strm_objalloc, s);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static void conn_vneg_crypto_free(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  if (conn->vneg.rx.ckm) {
+    conn_call_delete_crypto_aead_ctx(conn, &conn->vneg.rx.ckm->aead_ctx);
+  }
+  conn_call_delete_crypto_cipher_ctx(conn, &conn->vneg.rx.hp_ctx);
+
+  if (conn->vneg.tx.ckm) {
+    conn_call_delete_crypto_aead_ctx(conn, &conn->vneg.tx.ckm->aead_ctx);
+  }
+  conn_call_delete_crypto_cipher_ctx(conn, &conn->vneg.tx.hp_ctx);
+
+  ngtcp2_crypto_km_del(conn->vneg.rx.ckm, conn->mem);
+  ngtcp2_crypto_km_del(conn->vneg.tx.ckm, conn->mem);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_conn_del(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  if (conn == NULL) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_qlog_end(&conn->qlog);
+
+  if (conn->early.ckm) {
+    conn_call_delete_crypto_aead_ctx(conn, &conn->early.ckm->aead_ctx);
+  }
+  conn_call_delete_crypto_cipher_ctx(conn, &conn->early.hp_ctx);
+
+  if (conn->crypto.key_update.old_rx_ckm) {
+    conn_call_delete_crypto_aead_ctx(
+        conn, &conn->crypto.key_update.old_rx_ckm->aead_ctx);
+  }
+  if (conn->crypto.key_update.new_rx_ckm) {
+    conn_call_delete_crypto_aead_ctx(
+        conn, &conn->crypto.key_update.new_rx_ckm->aead_ctx);
+  }
+  if (conn->crypto.key_update.new_tx_ckm) {
+    conn_call_delete_crypto_aead_ctx(
+        conn, &conn->crypto.key_update.new_tx_ckm->aead_ctx);
+  }
+
+  if (conn->pktns.crypto.rx.ckm) {
+    conn_call_delete_crypto_aead_ctx(conn,
+                                     &conn->pktns.crypto.rx.ckm->aead_ctx);
+  }
+  conn_call_delete_crypto_cipher_ctx(conn, &conn->pktns.crypto.rx.hp_ctx);
+
+  if (conn->pktns.crypto.tx.ckm) {
+    conn_call_delete_crypto_aead_ctx(conn,
+                                     &conn->pktns.crypto.tx.ckm->aead_ctx);
+  }
+  conn_call_delete_crypto_cipher_ctx(conn, &conn->pktns.crypto.tx.hp_ctx);
+
+  if (conn->hs_pktns) {
+    if (conn->hs_pktns->crypto.rx.ckm) {
+      conn_call_delete_crypto_aead_ctx(
+          conn, &conn->hs_pktns->crypto.rx.ckm->aead_ctx);
+    }
+    conn_call_delete_crypto_cipher_ctx(conn, &conn->hs_pktns->crypto.rx.hp_ctx);
+
+    if (conn->hs_pktns->crypto.tx.ckm) {
+      conn_call_delete_crypto_aead_ctx(
+          conn, &conn->hs_pktns->crypto.tx.ckm->aead_ctx);
+    }
+    conn_call_delete_crypto_cipher_ctx(conn, &conn->hs_pktns->crypto.tx.hp_ctx);
+  }
+  if (conn->in_pktns) {
+    if (conn->in_pktns->crypto.rx.ckm) {
+      conn_call_delete_crypto_aead_ctx(
+          conn, &conn->in_pktns->crypto.rx.ckm->aead_ctx);
+    }
+    conn_call_delete_crypto_cipher_ctx(conn, &conn->in_pktns->crypto.rx.hp_ctx);
+
+    if (conn->in_pktns->crypto.tx.ckm) {
+      conn_call_delete_crypto_aead_ctx(
+          conn, &conn->in_pktns->crypto.tx.ckm->aead_ctx);
+    }
+    conn_call_delete_crypto_cipher_ctx(conn, &conn->in_pktns->crypto.tx.hp_ctx);
+  }
+
+  conn_call_delete_crypto_aead_ctx(conn, &conn->crypto.retry_aead_ctx);
+
+  ngtcp2_transport_params_del(conn->remote.transport_params, conn->mem);
+  ngtcp2_transport_params_del(conn->remote.pending_transport_params, conn->mem);
+
+  conn_vneg_crypto_free(conn);
+
+  ngtcp2_mem_free(conn->mem, conn->vneg.preferred_versions);
+  if (conn->vneg.available_versions != server_default_available_versions) {
+    ngtcp2_mem_free(conn->mem, conn->vneg.available_versions);
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_mem_free(conn->mem, conn->crypto.decrypt_buf.base);
+  ngtcp2_mem_free(conn->mem, conn->crypto.decrypt_hp_buf.base);
+  ngtcp2_mem_free(conn->mem, (uint8_t *)conn->local.settings.token);
+
+  ngtcp2_crypto_km_del(conn->crypto.key_update.old_rx_ckm, conn->mem);
+  ngtcp2_crypto_km_del(conn->crypto.key_update.new_rx_ckm, conn->mem);
+  ngtcp2_crypto_km_del(conn->crypto.key_update.new_tx_ckm, conn->mem);
+  ngtcp2_crypto_km_del(conn->early.ckm, conn->mem);
+
+  pktns_free(&conn->pktns, conn->mem);
+  pktns_del(conn->hs_pktns, conn->mem);
+  pktns_del(conn->in_pktns, conn->mem);
+
+  cc_del(&conn->cc, conn->cc_algo, conn->mem);
+
+  ngtcp2_mem_free(conn->mem, conn->qlog.buf.begin);
+
+  ngtcp2_pmtud_del(conn->pmtud);
+  ngtcp2_pv_del(conn->pv);
+
+  ngtcp2_mem_free(conn->mem, (uint8_t *)conn->rx.ccerr.reason);
+
+  ngtcp2_idtr_free(&conn->remote.uni.idtr);
+  ngtcp2_idtr_free(&conn->remote.bidi.idtr);
+  ngtcp2_mem_free(conn->mem, conn->tx.ack);
+  ngtcp2_pq_free(&conn->tx.strmq);
+  ngtcp2_map_each_free(&conn->strms, delete_strms_each, (void *)conn);
+  ngtcp2_map_free(&conn->strms);
+
+  ngtcp2_pq_free(&conn->scid.used);
+  delete_scid(&conn->scid.set, conn->mem);
+  ngtcp2_ksl_free(&conn->scid.set);
+  ngtcp2_gaptr_free(&conn->dcid.seqgap);
+
+  ngtcp2_objalloc_free(&conn->strm_objalloc);
+  ngtcp2_objalloc_free(&conn->rtb_entry_objalloc);
+  ngtcp2_objalloc_free(&conn->frc_objalloc);
+
+  ngtcp2_mem_free(conn->mem, conn);
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_ensure_ack_ranges makes sure that conn->tx.ack->ack.ranges can
+ * contain at least |n| additional ngtcp2_ack_range.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ */
+static int conn_ensure_ack_ranges(ngtcp2_conn *conn, size_t n) {
+  ngtcp2_frame *fr;
+  size_t max = conn->tx.max_ack_ranges;
+
+  if (n <= max) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  max *= 2;
+
+  assert(max >= n);
+
+  fr = ngtcp2_mem_realloc(conn->mem, conn->tx.ack,
+                          sizeof(ngtcp2_ack) + sizeof(ngtcp2_ack_range) * max);
+  if (fr == NULL) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  conn->tx.ack = fr;
+  conn->tx.max_ack_ranges = max;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_compute_ack_delay computes ACK delay for outgoing protected
+ * ACK.
+ */
+static ngtcp2_duration conn_compute_ack_delay(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  return ngtcp2_min(conn->local.transport_params.max_ack_delay,
+                    conn->cstat.smoothed_rtt / 8);
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_create_ack_frame creates ACK frame, and assigns its pointer to
+ * |*pfr| if there are any received packets to acknowledge.  If there
+ * are no packets to acknowledge, this function returns 0, and |*pfr|
+ * is untouched.  The caller is advised to set |*pfr| to NULL before
+ * calling this function, and check it after this function returns.
+ * If |nodelay| is nonzero, delayed ACK timer is ignored.
+ *
+ * The memory for ACK frame is dynamically allocated by this function.
+ * A caller is responsible to free it.
+ *
+ * Call ngtcp2_acktr_commit_ack after a created ACK frame is
+ * successfully serialized into a packet.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ */
+static int conn_create_ack_frame(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_frame **pfr,
+                                 ngtcp2_pktns *pktns, uint8_t type,
+                                 ngtcp2_tstamp ts, ngtcp2_duration ack_delay,
+                                 uint64_t ack_delay_exponent) {
+  /* TODO Measure an actual size of ACK blocks to find the best
+     default value. */
+  const size_t initial_max_ack_ranges = 8;
+  int64_t last_pkt_num;
+  ngtcp2_acktr *acktr = &pktns->acktr;
+  ngtcp2_ack_range *range;
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+  ngtcp2_acktr_entry *rpkt;
+  ngtcp2_ack *ack;
+  size_t range_idx;
+  ngtcp2_tstamp largest_ack_ts;
+  int rv;
+
+  if (acktr->flags & NGTCP2_ACKTR_FLAG_IMMEDIATE_ACK) {
+    ack_delay = 0;
+  }
+
+  if (!ngtcp2_acktr_require_active_ack(acktr, ack_delay, ts)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  it = ngtcp2_acktr_get(acktr);
+  if (ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it)) {
+    ngtcp2_acktr_commit_ack(acktr);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (conn->tx.ack == NULL) {
+    conn->tx.ack = ngtcp2_mem_malloc(
+        conn->mem,
+        sizeof(ngtcp2_ack) + sizeof(ngtcp2_ack_range) * initial_max_ack_ranges);
+    if (conn->tx.ack == NULL) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+    }
+    conn->tx.max_ack_ranges = initial_max_ack_ranges;
+  }
+
+  ack = &conn->tx.ack->ack;
+
+  if (pktns->rx.ecn.ect0 || pktns->rx.ecn.ect1 || pktns->rx.ecn.ce) {
+    ack->type = NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK_ECN;
+    ack->ecn.ect0 = pktns->rx.ecn.ect0;
+    ack->ecn.ect1 = pktns->rx.ecn.ect1;
+    ack->ecn.ce = pktns->rx.ecn.ce;
+  } else {
+    ack->type = NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK;
+  }
+  ack->rangecnt = 0;
+
+  rpkt = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+
+  if (rpkt->pkt_num == pktns->rx.max_pkt_num) {
+    last_pkt_num = rpkt->pkt_num - (int64_t)(rpkt->len - 1);
+    largest_ack_ts = rpkt->tstamp;
+    ack->largest_ack = rpkt->pkt_num;
+    ack->first_ack_range = rpkt->len - 1;
+
+    ngtcp2_ksl_it_next(&it);
+  } else {
+    assert(rpkt->pkt_num < pktns->rx.max_pkt_num);
+
+    last_pkt_num = pktns->rx.max_pkt_num;
+    largest_ack_ts = pktns->rx.max_pkt_ts;
+    ack->largest_ack = pktns->rx.max_pkt_num;
+    ack->first_ack_range = 0;
+  }
+
+  if (type == NGTCP2_PKT_1RTT) {
+    ack->ack_delay_unscaled = ts - largest_ack_ts;
+    ack->ack_delay = ack->ack_delay_unscaled / NGTCP2_MICROSECONDS /
+                     (1ULL << ack_delay_exponent);
+  } else {
+    ack->ack_delay_unscaled = 0;
+    ack->ack_delay = 0;
+  }
+
+  for (; !ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it); ngtcp2_ksl_it_next(&it)) {
+    if (ack->rangecnt == NGTCP2_MAX_ACK_RANGES) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    rpkt = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+
+    range_idx = ack->rangecnt++;
+    rv = conn_ensure_ack_ranges(conn, ack->rangecnt);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+    ack = &conn->tx.ack->ack;
+    range = &ack->ranges[range_idx];
+    range->gap = (uint64_t)(last_pkt_num - rpkt->pkt_num - 2);
+    range->len = rpkt->len - 1;
+
+    last_pkt_num = rpkt->pkt_num - (int64_t)(rpkt->len - 1);
+  }
+
+  /* TODO Just remove entries which cannot fit into a single ACK frame
+     for now. */
+  if (!ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it)) {
+    ngtcp2_acktr_forget(acktr, ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it));
+  }
+
+  *pfr = conn->tx.ack;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_ppe_write_frame writes |fr| to |ppe|.  If |hd_logged| is not
+ * NULL and |*hd_logged| is zero, packet header is logged, and 1 is
+ * assigned to |*hd_logged|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF
+ *     Buffer is too small.
+ */
+static int conn_ppe_write_frame_hd_log(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_ppe *ppe,
+                                       int *hd_logged, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                                       ngtcp2_frame *fr) {
+  int rv;
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_ppe_encode_frame(ppe, fr);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    assert(NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF == rv);
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  if (hd_logged && !*hd_logged) {
+    *hd_logged = 1;
+    ngtcp2_log_tx_pkt_hd(&conn->log, hd);
+    ngtcp2_qlog_pkt_sent_start(&conn->qlog);
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_log_tx_fr(&conn->log, hd, fr);
+  ngtcp2_qlog_write_frame(&conn->qlog, fr);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_ppe_write_frame writes |fr| to |ppe|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF
+ *     Buffer is too small.
+ */
+static int conn_ppe_write_frame(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_ppe *ppe,
+                                const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd, ngtcp2_frame *fr) {
+  return conn_ppe_write_frame_hd_log(conn, ppe, NULL, hd, fr);
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_on_pkt_sent is called when new non-ACK-only packet is sent.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory
+ */
+static int conn_on_pkt_sent(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_rtb *rtb,
+                            ngtcp2_rtb_entry *ent) {
+  int rv;
+
+  /* This function implements OnPacketSent, but it handles only
+     non-ACK-only packet. */
+  rv = ngtcp2_rtb_add(rtb, ent, &conn->cstat);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  if (ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING) {
+    conn->cstat.last_tx_pkt_ts[rtb->pktns_id] = ent->ts;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_conn_set_loss_detection_timer(conn, ent->ts);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * pktns_select_pkt_numlen selects shortest packet number encoding for
+ * the next packet number based on the largest acknowledged packet
+ * number.  It returns the number of bytes to encode the packet
+ * number.
+ */
+static size_t pktns_select_pkt_numlen(ngtcp2_pktns *pktns) {
+  int64_t pkt_num = pktns->tx.last_pkt_num + 1;
+  ngtcp2_rtb *rtb = &pktns->rtb;
+  int64_t n = pkt_num - rtb->largest_acked_tx_pkt_num;
+
+  if (NGTCP2_MAX_PKT_NUM / 2 < n) {
+    return 4;
+  }
+
+  n = n * 2 - 1;
+
+  if (n > 0xffffff) {
+    return 4;
+  }
+  if (n > 0xffff) {
+    return 3;
+  }
+  if (n > 0xff) {
+    return 2;
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_get_cwnd returns cwnd for the current path.
+ */
+static uint64_t conn_get_cwnd(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  return conn->pv && (conn->pv->flags & NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_FALLBACK_ON_FAILURE)
+             ? ngtcp2_cc_compute_initcwnd(conn->cstat.max_tx_udp_payload_size)
+             : conn->cstat.cwnd;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_cwnd_is_zero returns nonzero if the number of bytes the local
+ * endpoint can sent at this time is zero.
+ */
+static int conn_cwnd_is_zero(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  uint64_t bytes_in_flight = conn->cstat.bytes_in_flight;
+  uint64_t cwnd = conn_get_cwnd(conn);
+
+  if (bytes_in_flight >= cwnd) {
+    ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                    "cwnd limited bytes_in_flight=%lu cwnd=%lu",
+                    bytes_in_flight, cwnd);
+  }
+
+  return bytes_in_flight >= cwnd;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_retry_early_payloadlen returns the estimated wire length of
+ * the first STREAM frame of 0-RTT packet which should be
+ * retransmitted due to Retry packet.
+ */
+static uint64_t conn_retry_early_payloadlen(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain *frc;
+  ngtcp2_strm *strm;
+  uint64_t len;
+
+  if (conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_EARLY_DATA_REJECTED) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  for (; !ngtcp2_pq_empty(&conn->tx.strmq);) {
+    strm = ngtcp2_conn_tx_strmq_top(conn);
+    if (ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_empty(strm)) {
+      ngtcp2_conn_tx_strmq_pop(conn);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    frc = ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_top(strm);
+
+    len = ngtcp2_vec_len(frc->fr.stream.data, frc->fr.stream.datacnt) +
+          NGTCP2_STREAM_OVERHEAD;
+
+    /* Take the min because in conn_should_pad_pkt we take max in
+       order to deal with unbreakable DATAGRAM. */
+    return ngtcp2_min(len, NGTCP2_MIN_COALESCED_PAYLOADLEN);
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static void conn_cryptofrq_clear(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_pktns *pktns) {
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain *frc;
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+
+  for (it = ngtcp2_ksl_begin(&pktns->crypto.tx.frq); !ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it);
+       ngtcp2_ksl_it_next(&it)) {
+    frc = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+    ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+  }
+  ngtcp2_ksl_clear(&pktns->crypto.tx.frq);
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_cryptofrq_unacked_offset returns the CRYPTO frame offset by
+ * taking into account acknowledged offset.  If there is no data to
+ * send, this function returns (uint64_t)-1.
+ */
+static uint64_t conn_cryptofrq_unacked_offset(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                              ngtcp2_pktns *pktns) {
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain *frc;
+  ngtcp2_crypto *fr;
+  ngtcp2_range gap;
+  ngtcp2_rtb *rtb = &pktns->rtb;
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+  uint64_t datalen;
+
+  (void)conn;
+
+  for (it = ngtcp2_ksl_begin(&pktns->crypto.tx.frq); !ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it);
+       ngtcp2_ksl_it_next(&it)) {
+    frc = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+    fr = &frc->fr.crypto;
+
+    gap = ngtcp2_strm_get_unacked_range_after(rtb->crypto, fr->offset);
+
+    datalen = ngtcp2_vec_len(fr->data, fr->datacnt);
+
+    if (gap.begin <= fr->offset) {
+      return fr->offset;
+    }
+    if (gap.begin < fr->offset + datalen) {
+      return gap.begin;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (uint64_t)-1;
+}
+
+static int conn_cryptofrq_unacked_pop(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_pktns *pktns,
+                                      ngtcp2_frame_chain **pfrc) {
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain *frc, *nfrc;
+  ngtcp2_crypto *fr, *nfr;
+  uint64_t offset, end_offset;
+  size_t idx, end_idx;
+  uint64_t base_offset, end_base_offset;
+  ngtcp2_range gap;
+  ngtcp2_rtb *rtb = &pktns->rtb;
+  ngtcp2_vec *v;
+  int rv;
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+
+  *pfrc = NULL;
+
+  for (it = ngtcp2_ksl_begin(&pktns->crypto.tx.frq); !ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it);) {
+    frc = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+    fr = &frc->fr.crypto;
+
+    ngtcp2_ksl_remove_hint(&pktns->crypto.tx.frq, &it, &it, &fr->offset);
+
+    idx = 0;
+    offset = fr->offset;
+    base_offset = 0;
+
+    gap = ngtcp2_strm_get_unacked_range_after(rtb->crypto, offset);
+    if (gap.begin < offset) {
+      gap.begin = offset;
+    }
+
+    for (; idx < fr->datacnt && offset < gap.begin; ++idx) {
+      v = &fr->data[idx];
+      if (offset + v->len > gap.begin) {
+        base_offset = gap.begin - offset;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      offset += v->len;
+    }
+
+    if (idx == fr->datacnt) {
+      ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    assert(gap.begin == offset + base_offset);
+
+    end_idx = idx;
+    end_offset = offset;
+    end_base_offset = 0;
+
+    for (; end_idx < fr->datacnt; ++end_idx) {
+      v = &fr->data[end_idx];
+      if (end_offset + v->len > gap.end) {
+        end_base_offset = gap.end - end_offset;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      end_offset += v->len;
+    }
+
+    if (fr->offset == offset && base_offset == 0 && fr->datacnt == end_idx) {
+      *pfrc = frc;
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (fr->datacnt == end_idx) {
+      memmove(fr->data, fr->data + idx, sizeof(fr->data[0]) * (end_idx - idx));
+
+      assert(fr->data[0].len > base_offset);
+
+      fr->offset = offset + base_offset;
+      fr->datacnt = end_idx - idx;
+      fr->data[0].base += base_offset;
+      fr->data[0].len -= (size_t)base_offset;
+
+      *pfrc = frc;
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    rv = ngtcp2_frame_chain_crypto_datacnt_objalloc_new(
+        &nfrc, fr->datacnt - end_idx, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    nfr = &nfrc->fr.crypto;
+    nfr->type = NGTCP2_FRAME_CRYPTO;
+    memcpy(nfr->data, fr->data + end_idx,
+           sizeof(nfr->data[0]) * (fr->datacnt - end_idx));
+
+    assert(nfr->data[0].len > end_base_offset);
+
+    nfr->offset = end_offset + end_base_offset;
+    nfr->datacnt = fr->datacnt - end_idx;
+    nfr->data[0].base += end_base_offset;
+    nfr->data[0].len -= (size_t)end_base_offset;
+
+    rv = ngtcp2_ksl_insert(&pktns->crypto.tx.frq, NULL, &nfr->offset, nfrc);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv));
+      ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(nfrc, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+      ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    if (end_base_offset) {
+      ++end_idx;
+    }
+
+    memmove(fr->data, fr->data + idx, sizeof(fr->data[0]) * (end_idx - idx));
+
+    assert(fr->data[0].len > base_offset);
+
+    fr->offset = offset + base_offset;
+    fr->datacnt = end_idx - idx;
+    if (end_base_offset) {
+      assert(fr->data[fr->datacnt - 1].len > end_base_offset);
+      fr->data[fr->datacnt - 1].len = (size_t)end_base_offset;
+    }
+    fr->data[0].base += base_offset;
+    fr->data[0].len -= (size_t)base_offset;
+
+    *pfrc = frc;
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+static int conn_cryptofrq_pop(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_frame_chain **pfrc,
+                              ngtcp2_pktns *pktns, size_t left) {
+  ngtcp2_crypto *fr, *nfr;
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain *frc, *nfrc;
+  int rv;
+  size_t nmerged;
+  uint64_t datalen;
+  ngtcp2_vec a[NGTCP2_MAX_CRYPTO_DATACNT];
+  ngtcp2_vec b[NGTCP2_MAX_CRYPTO_DATACNT];
+  size_t acnt, bcnt;
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+
+  rv = conn_cryptofrq_unacked_pop(conn, pktns, &frc);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+  if (frc == NULL) {
+    *pfrc = NULL;
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  fr = &frc->fr.crypto;
+  datalen = ngtcp2_vec_len(fr->data, fr->datacnt);
+
+  if (datalen > left) {
+    ngtcp2_vec_copy(a, fr->data, fr->datacnt);
+    acnt = fr->datacnt;
+
+    bcnt = 0;
+    ngtcp2_vec_split(a, &acnt, b, &bcnt, left, NGTCP2_MAX_CRYPTO_DATACNT);
+
+    assert(acnt > 0);
+    assert(bcnt > 0);
+
+    rv = ngtcp2_frame_chain_crypto_datacnt_objalloc_new(
+        &nfrc, bcnt, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv));
+      ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    nfr = &nfrc->fr.crypto;
+    nfr->type = NGTCP2_FRAME_CRYPTO;
+    nfr->offset = fr->offset + left;
+    nfr->datacnt = bcnt;
+    ngtcp2_vec_copy(nfr->data, b, bcnt);
+
+    rv = ngtcp2_ksl_insert(&pktns->crypto.tx.frq, NULL, &nfr->offset, nfrc);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv));
+      ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(nfrc, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+      ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    rv = ngtcp2_frame_chain_crypto_datacnt_objalloc_new(
+        &nfrc, acnt, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv));
+      ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    nfr = &nfrc->fr.crypto;
+    *nfr = *fr;
+    nfr->datacnt = acnt;
+    ngtcp2_vec_copy(nfr->data, a, acnt);
+
+    ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+
+    *pfrc = nfrc;
+
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  left -= (size_t)datalen;
+
+  ngtcp2_vec_copy(a, fr->data, fr->datacnt);
+  acnt = fr->datacnt;
+
+  for (; left && ngtcp2_ksl_len(&pktns->crypto.tx.frq);) {
+    it = ngtcp2_ksl_begin(&pktns->crypto.tx.frq);
+    nfrc = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+    nfr = &nfrc->fr.crypto;
+
+    if (nfr->offset != fr->offset + datalen) {
+      assert(fr->offset + datalen < nfr->offset);
+      break;
+    }
+
+    rv = conn_cryptofrq_unacked_pop(conn, pktns, &nfrc);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv));
+      ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+      return rv;
+    }
+    if (nfrc == NULL) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    nfr = &nfrc->fr.crypto;
+
+    nmerged = ngtcp2_vec_merge(a, &acnt, nfr->data, &nfr->datacnt, left,
+                               NGTCP2_MAX_CRYPTO_DATACNT);
+    if (nmerged == 0) {
+      rv = ngtcp2_ksl_insert(&pktns->crypto.tx.frq, NULL, &nfr->offset, nfrc);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv));
+        ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(nfrc, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+        ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+        return rv;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    datalen += nmerged;
+    left -= nmerged;
+
+    if (nfr->datacnt == 0) {
+      ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(nfrc, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    nfr->offset += nmerged;
+
+    rv = ngtcp2_ksl_insert(&pktns->crypto.tx.frq, NULL, &nfr->offset, nfrc);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(nfrc, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+      ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    break;
+  }
+
+  if (acnt == fr->datacnt) {
+    assert(acnt > 0);
+    fr->data[acnt - 1] = a[acnt - 1];
+
+    *pfrc = frc;
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  assert(acnt > fr->datacnt);
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_frame_chain_crypto_datacnt_objalloc_new(
+      &nfrc, acnt, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  nfr = &nfrc->fr.crypto;
+  *nfr = *fr;
+  nfr->datacnt = acnt;
+  ngtcp2_vec_copy(nfr->data, a, acnt);
+
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+
+  *pfrc = nfrc;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_verify_dcid verifies that destination connection ID in |hd| is
+ * valid for the connection.  If it is successfully verified and the
+ * remote endpoint uses new DCID in the packet, nonzero value is
+ * assigned to |*pnew_cid_used| if it is not NULL.  Otherwise 0 is
+ * assigned to it.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT
+ *     |dcid| is not known to the local endpoint.
+ */
+static int conn_verify_dcid(ngtcp2_conn *conn, int *pnew_cid_used,
+                            const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+  ngtcp2_scid *scid;
+  int rv;
+
+  it = ngtcp2_ksl_lower_bound(&conn->scid.set, &hd->dcid);
+  if (ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it)) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+
+  scid = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+  if (!ngtcp2_cid_eq(&scid->cid, &hd->dcid)) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+
+  if (!(scid->flags & NGTCP2_SCID_FLAG_USED)) {
+    scid->flags |= NGTCP2_SCID_FLAG_USED;
+
+    if (scid->pe.index == NGTCP2_PQ_BAD_INDEX) {
+      rv = ngtcp2_pq_push(&conn->scid.used, &scid->pe);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (pnew_cid_used) {
+      *pnew_cid_used = 1;
+    }
+  } else if (pnew_cid_used) {
+    *pnew_cid_used = 0;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_should_pad_pkt returns nonzero if the packet should be padded.
+ * |type| is the type of packet.  |left| is the space left in packet
+ * buffer.  |write_datalen| is the number of bytes which will be sent
+ * in the next, coalesced 0-RTT or 1RTT packet.
+ */
+static int conn_should_pad_pkt(ngtcp2_conn *conn, uint8_t type, size_t left,
+                               uint64_t write_datalen, int ack_eliciting,
+                               int require_padding) {
+  uint64_t min_payloadlen;
+
+  if (type == NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL) {
+    if (conn->server) {
+      if (!ack_eliciting) {
+        return 0;
+      }
+
+      if (conn->hs_pktns->crypto.tx.ckm &&
+          (conn->hs_pktns->rtb.probe_pkt_left ||
+           ngtcp2_ksl_len(&conn->hs_pktns->crypto.tx.frq) ||
+           !ngtcp2_acktr_empty(&conn->hs_pktns->acktr))) {
+        /* If we have something to send in Handshake packet, then add
+           PADDING in Handshake packet. */
+        min_payloadlen = NGTCP2_MIN_COALESCED_PAYLOADLEN;
+      } else {
+        return 1;
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (conn->hs_pktns->crypto.tx.ckm &&
+          (conn->hs_pktns->rtb.probe_pkt_left ||
+           ngtcp2_ksl_len(&conn->hs_pktns->crypto.tx.frq) ||
+           !ngtcp2_acktr_empty(&conn->hs_pktns->acktr))) {
+        /* If we have something to send in Handshake packet, then add
+           PADDING in Handshake packet. */
+        min_payloadlen = NGTCP2_MIN_COALESCED_PAYLOADLEN;
+      } else if ((!conn->early.ckm && !conn->pktns.crypto.tx.ckm) ||
+                 write_datalen == 0) {
+        return 1;
+      } else {
+        /* If we have something to send in 0RTT or 1RTT packet, then
+           add PADDING in that packet.  Take maximum in case that
+           write_datalen includes DATAGRAM which cannot be split. */
+        min_payloadlen =
+            ngtcp2_max(write_datalen, NGTCP2_MIN_COALESCED_PAYLOADLEN);
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    assert(type == NGTCP2_PKT_HANDSHAKE);
+
+    if (!require_padding) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (!conn->pktns.crypto.tx.ckm || write_datalen == 0) {
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+    min_payloadlen = ngtcp2_max(write_datalen, NGTCP2_MIN_COALESCED_PAYLOADLEN);
+  }
+
+  /* TODO the next packet type should be taken into account */
+  return left <
+         /* TODO Assuming that pkt_num is encoded in 1 byte. */
+         NGTCP2_MIN_LONG_HEADERLEN + conn->dcid.current.cid.datalen +
+             conn->oscid.datalen + NGTCP2_PKT_LENGTHLEN - 1 + min_payloadlen +
+             NGTCP2_MAX_AEAD_OVERHEAD;
+}
+
+static void conn_restart_timer_on_write(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  conn->idle_ts = ts;
+  conn->flags &= (uint32_t)~NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_RESTART_IDLE_TIMER_ON_WRITE;
+}
+
+static void conn_restart_timer_on_read(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  conn->idle_ts = ts;
+  conn->flags |= NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_RESTART_IDLE_TIMER_ON_WRITE;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_keep_alive_enabled returns nonzero if keep-alive is enabled.
+ */
+static int conn_keep_alive_enabled(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  return conn->keep_alive.last_ts != UINT64_MAX && conn->keep_alive.timeout;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_keep_alive_expired returns nonzero if keep-alive timer has
+ * expired.
+ */
+static int conn_keep_alive_expired(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  return conn_keep_alive_enabled(conn) &&
+         conn->keep_alive.last_ts + conn->keep_alive.timeout <= ts;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_keep_alive_expiry returns the expiry time of keep-alive timer.
+ */
+static ngtcp2_tstamp conn_keep_alive_expiry(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  if ((conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_KEEP_ALIVE_CANCELLED) ||
+      !conn_keep_alive_enabled(conn)) {
+    return UINT64_MAX;
+  }
+
+  return conn->keep_alive.last_ts + conn->keep_alive.timeout;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_cancel_expired_keep_alive_timer cancels the expired keep-alive
+ * timer.
+ */
+static void conn_cancel_expired_keep_alive_timer(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                                 ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  if (!(conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_KEEP_ALIVE_CANCELLED) &&
+      conn_keep_alive_expired(conn, ts)) {
+    conn->flags |= NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_KEEP_ALIVE_CANCELLED;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_update_keep_alive_last_ts updates the base time point of
+ * keep-alive timer.
+ */
+static void conn_update_keep_alive_last_ts(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                           ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  conn->keep_alive.last_ts = ts;
+  conn->flags &= (uint32_t)~NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_KEEP_ALIVE_CANCELLED;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_conn_set_keep_alive_timeout(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                        ngtcp2_duration timeout) {
+  conn->keep_alive.timeout = timeout;
+}
+
+/*
+ * NGTCP2_PKT_PACING_OVERHEAD defines overhead of userspace event
+ * loop.  Packet pacing might require sub milliseconds packet spacing,
+ * but userspace event loop might not offer such precision.
+ * Typically, if delay is 0.5 microseconds, the actual delay after
+ * which we can send packet is well over 1 millisecond when event loop
+ * is involved (which includes other stuff, like reading packets etc
+ * in a typical single threaded use case).
+ */
+#define NGTCP2_PKT_PACING_OVERHEAD NGTCP2_MILLISECONDS
+
+static void conn_cancel_expired_pkt_tx_timer(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                             ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  if (conn->tx.pacing.next_ts == UINT64_MAX) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (conn->tx.pacing.next_ts > ts + NGTCP2_PKT_PACING_OVERHEAD) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  conn->tx.pacing.next_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+}
+
+static int conn_pacing_pkt_tx_allowed(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  return conn->tx.pacing.next_ts == UINT64_MAX ||
+         conn->tx.pacing.next_ts <= ts + NGTCP2_PKT_PACING_OVERHEAD;
+}
+
+static uint8_t conn_pkt_flags(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  if (conn->remote.transport_params &&
+      conn->remote.transport_params->grease_quic_bit &&
+      (conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_CLEAR_FIXED_BIT)) {
+    return NGTCP2_PKT_FLAG_FIXED_BIT_CLEAR;
+  }
+
+  return NGTCP2_PKT_FLAG_NONE;
+}
+
+static uint8_t conn_pkt_flags_long(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  return NGTCP2_PKT_FLAG_LONG_FORM | conn_pkt_flags(conn);
+}
+
+static uint8_t conn_pkt_flags_short(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  return (uint8_t)(conn_pkt_flags(conn) | ((conn->pktns.crypto.tx.ckm->flags &
+                                            NGTCP2_CRYPTO_KM_FLAG_KEY_PHASE_ONE)
+                                               ? NGTCP2_PKT_FLAG_KEY_PHASE
+                                               : NGTCP2_PKT_FLAG_NONE));
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_write_handshake_pkt writes handshake packet in the buffer
+ * pointed by |dest| whose length is |destlen|.  |type| specifies long
+ * packet type.  It should be either NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL or
+ * NGTCP2_PKT_HANDSHAKE_PKT.
+ *
+ * |write_datalen| is the minimum length of application data ready to
+ * send in subsequent 0RTT or 1RTT packet.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes written in |dest| if it
+ * succeeds, or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User-defined callback function failed.
+ */
+static ngtcp2_ssize
+conn_write_handshake_pkt(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi, uint8_t *dest,
+                         size_t destlen, uint8_t type, uint8_t flags,
+                         uint64_t write_datalen, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  int rv;
+  ngtcp2_ppe ppe;
+  ngtcp2_pkt_hd hd;
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain *frq = NULL, **pfrc = &frq;
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain *nfrc;
+  ngtcp2_frame *ackfr = NULL, lfr;
+  ngtcp2_ssize spktlen;
+  ngtcp2_crypto_cc cc;
+  ngtcp2_rtb_entry *rtbent;
+  ngtcp2_pktns *pktns;
+  size_t left;
+  uint16_t rtb_entry_flags = NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE;
+  int require_padding = (flags & NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_REQUIRE_PADDING) != 0;
+  int pkt_empty = 1;
+  int padded = 0;
+  int hd_logged = 0;
+  uint64_t crypto_offset;
+  ngtcp2_ssize num_reclaimed;
+  uint32_t version;
+
+  switch (type) {
+  case NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL:
+    if (!conn->in_pktns) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    assert(conn->in_pktns->crypto.tx.ckm);
+    pktns = conn->in_pktns;
+    version = conn->negotiated_version ? conn->negotiated_version
+                                       : conn->client_chosen_version;
+    if (version == conn->client_chosen_version) {
+      cc.ckm = pktns->crypto.tx.ckm;
+      cc.hp_ctx = pktns->crypto.tx.hp_ctx;
+    } else {
+      assert(conn->vneg.version == version);
+
+      cc.ckm = conn->vneg.tx.ckm;
+      cc.hp_ctx = conn->vneg.tx.hp_ctx;
+    }
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_PKT_HANDSHAKE:
+    if (!conn->hs_pktns || !conn->hs_pktns->crypto.tx.ckm) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    pktns = conn->hs_pktns;
+    version = conn->negotiated_version;
+    cc.ckm = pktns->crypto.tx.ckm;
+    cc.hp_ctx = pktns->crypto.tx.hp_ctx;
+    break;
+  default:
+    ngtcp2_unreachable();
+  }
+
+  cc.aead = pktns->crypto.ctx.aead;
+  cc.hp = pktns->crypto.ctx.hp;
+  cc.encrypt = conn->callbacks.encrypt;
+  cc.hp_mask = conn->callbacks.hp_mask;
+
+  ngtcp2_pkt_hd_init(&hd, conn_pkt_flags_long(conn), type,
+                     &conn->dcid.current.cid, &conn->oscid,
+                     pktns->tx.last_pkt_num + 1, pktns_select_pkt_numlen(pktns),
+                     version, 0);
+
+  if (!conn->server && type == NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL &&
+      conn->local.settings.tokenlen) {
+    hd.token = conn->local.settings.token;
+    hd.tokenlen = conn->local.settings.tokenlen;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_ppe_init(&ppe, dest, destlen, &cc);
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_ppe_encode_hd(&ppe, &hd);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    assert(NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF == rv);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (!ngtcp2_ppe_ensure_hp_sample(&ppe)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  rv = conn_create_ack_frame(conn, &ackfr, pktns, type, ts,
+                             /* ack_delay = */ 0,
+                             NGTCP2_DEFAULT_ACK_DELAY_EXPONENT);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    ngtcp2_frame_chain_list_objalloc_del(frq, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  if (ackfr) {
+    rv = conn_ppe_write_frame_hd_log(conn, &ppe, &hd_logged, &hd, ackfr);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      assert(NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF == rv);
+    } else {
+      ngtcp2_acktr_commit_ack(&pktns->acktr);
+      ngtcp2_acktr_add_ack(&pktns->acktr, hd.pkt_num, ackfr->ack.largest_ack);
+      pkt_empty = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Server requires at least NGTCP2_MAX_UDP_PAYLOAD_SIZE bytes in
+     order to send ack-eliciting Initial packet. */
+  if (!conn->server || type != NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL ||
+      destlen >= NGTCP2_MAX_UDP_PAYLOAD_SIZE) {
+  build_pkt:
+    for (; ngtcp2_ksl_len(&pktns->crypto.tx.frq);) {
+      left = ngtcp2_ppe_left(&ppe);
+
+      crypto_offset = conn_cryptofrq_unacked_offset(conn, pktns);
+      if (crypto_offset == (size_t)-1) {
+        conn_cryptofrq_clear(conn, pktns);
+        break;
+      }
+
+      left = ngtcp2_pkt_crypto_max_datalen(crypto_offset, left, left);
+      if (left == (size_t)-1) {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      rv = conn_cryptofrq_pop(conn, &nfrc, pktns, left);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv));
+        ngtcp2_frame_chain_list_objalloc_del(frq, &conn->frc_objalloc,
+                                             conn->mem);
+        return rv;
+      }
+
+      if (nfrc == NULL) {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      rv = conn_ppe_write_frame_hd_log(conn, &ppe, &hd_logged, &hd, &nfrc->fr);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        ngtcp2_unreachable();
+      }
+
+      *pfrc = nfrc;
+      pfrc = &(*pfrc)->next;
+
+      pkt_empty = 0;
+      rtb_entry_flags |= NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING |
+                         NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PTO_ELICITING |
+                         NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_RETRANSMITTABLE;
+    }
+
+    if (!(rtb_entry_flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING) &&
+        pktns->rtb.num_retransmittable && pktns->rtb.probe_pkt_left) {
+      num_reclaimed = ngtcp2_rtb_reclaim_on_pto(&pktns->rtb, conn, pktns, 1);
+      if (num_reclaimed < 0) {
+        ngtcp2_frame_chain_list_objalloc_del(frq, &conn->frc_objalloc,
+                                             conn->mem);
+        return rv;
+      }
+      if (num_reclaimed) {
+        goto build_pkt;
+      }
+      /* We had pktns->rtb.num_retransmittable > 0 but the contents of
+         those packets have been acknowledged (i.e., retransmission in
+         another packet).  For server, in this case, we don't have to
+         send any probe packet.  Client needs to send probe packets
+         until it knows that server has completed address validation or
+         handshake has been confirmed. */
+      if (pktns->rtb.num_pto_eliciting == 0 &&
+          (conn->server ||
+           (conn->flags & (NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_SERVER_ADDR_VERIFIED |
+                           NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_HANDSHAKE_CONFIRMED)))) {
+        pktns->rtb.probe_pkt_left = 0;
+        ngtcp2_conn_set_loss_detection_timer(conn, ts);
+        /* TODO If packet is empty, we should return now if cwnd is
+           zero. */
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!(rtb_entry_flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING) &&
+        pktns->rtb.probe_pkt_left) {
+      lfr.type = NGTCP2_FRAME_PING;
+
+      rv = conn_ppe_write_frame_hd_log(conn, &ppe, &hd_logged, &hd, &lfr);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        assert(rv == NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF);
+      } else {
+        rtb_entry_flags |=
+            NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING | NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PROBE;
+        pkt_empty = 0;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!pkt_empty) {
+      if (!(rtb_entry_flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING)) {
+        /* The intention of smaller limit is get more chance to measure
+           RTT samples in early phase. */
+        if (pktns->tx.num_non_ack_pkt >= 1) {
+          lfr.type = NGTCP2_FRAME_PING;
+
+          rv = conn_ppe_write_frame_hd_log(conn, &ppe, &hd_logged, &hd, &lfr);
+          if (rv != 0) {
+            assert(rv == NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF);
+          } else {
+            rtb_entry_flags |= NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING;
+            pktns->tx.num_non_ack_pkt = 0;
+          }
+        } else {
+          ++pktns->tx.num_non_ack_pkt;
+        }
+      } else {
+        pktns->tx.num_non_ack_pkt = 0;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (pkt_empty) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  /* If we cannot write another packet, then we need to add padding to
+     Initial here. */
+  if (conn_should_pad_pkt(
+          conn, type, ngtcp2_ppe_left(&ppe), write_datalen,
+          (rtb_entry_flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING) != 0,
+          require_padding)) {
+    lfr.type = NGTCP2_FRAME_PADDING;
+    lfr.padding.len = ngtcp2_ppe_padding(&ppe);
+  } else {
+    lfr.type = NGTCP2_FRAME_PADDING;
+    lfr.padding.len = ngtcp2_ppe_padding_hp_sample(&ppe);
+  }
+
+  if (lfr.padding.len) {
+    padded = 1;
+    ngtcp2_log_tx_fr(&conn->log, &hd, &lfr);
+    ngtcp2_qlog_write_frame(&conn->qlog, &lfr);
+  }
+
+  spktlen = ngtcp2_ppe_final(&ppe, NULL);
+  if (spktlen < 0) {
+    assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal((int)spktlen));
+    ngtcp2_frame_chain_list_objalloc_del(frq, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+    return spktlen;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_qlog_pkt_sent_end(&conn->qlog, &hd, (size_t)spktlen);
+
+  if ((rtb_entry_flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING) || padded) {
+    if (pi) {
+      conn_handle_tx_ecn(conn, pi, &rtb_entry_flags, pktns, &hd, ts);
+    }
+
+    rv = ngtcp2_rtb_entry_objalloc_new(&rtbent, &hd, frq, ts, (size_t)spktlen,
+                                       rtb_entry_flags,
+                                       &conn->rtb_entry_objalloc);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv));
+      ngtcp2_frame_chain_list_objalloc_del(frq, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    rv = conn_on_pkt_sent(conn, &pktns->rtb, rtbent);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      ngtcp2_rtb_entry_objalloc_del(rtbent, &conn->rtb_entry_objalloc,
+                                    &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    if ((rtb_entry_flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING) &&
+        (conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_RESTART_IDLE_TIMER_ON_WRITE)) {
+      conn_restart_timer_on_write(conn, ts);
+    }
+  } else if (pi && conn->tx.ecn.state == NGTCP2_ECN_STATE_CAPABLE) {
+    conn_handle_tx_ecn(conn, pi, NULL, pktns, &hd, ts);
+  }
+
+  if (pktns->rtb.probe_pkt_left &&
+      (rtb_entry_flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING)) {
+    --pktns->rtb.probe_pkt_left;
+  }
+
+  conn_update_keep_alive_last_ts(conn, ts);
+
+  conn->dcid.current.bytes_sent += (uint64_t)spktlen;
+
+  conn->tx.pacing.pktlen += (size_t)spktlen;
+
+  ngtcp2_qlog_metrics_updated(&conn->qlog, &conn->cstat);
+
+  ++pktns->tx.last_pkt_num;
+
+  return spktlen;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_write_ack_pkt writes QUIC packet for type |type| which only
+ * includes ACK frame in the buffer pointed by |dest| whose length is
+ * |destlen|.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes written in |dest| if it
+ * succeeds, or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User-defined callback function failed.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ */
+static ngtcp2_ssize conn_write_ack_pkt(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi,
+                                       uint8_t *dest, size_t destlen,
+                                       uint8_t type, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  int rv;
+  ngtcp2_frame *ackfr;
+  ngtcp2_pktns *pktns;
+  ngtcp2_duration ack_delay;
+  uint64_t ack_delay_exponent;
+  ngtcp2_ssize spktlen;
+
+  assert(!(conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_PPE_PENDING));
+
+  switch (type) {
+  case NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL:
+    assert(conn->server);
+    pktns = conn->in_pktns;
+    ack_delay = 0;
+    ack_delay_exponent = NGTCP2_DEFAULT_ACK_DELAY_EXPONENT;
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_PKT_HANDSHAKE:
+    pktns = conn->hs_pktns;
+    ack_delay = 0;
+    ack_delay_exponent = NGTCP2_DEFAULT_ACK_DELAY_EXPONENT;
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_PKT_1RTT:
+    pktns = &conn->pktns;
+    ack_delay = conn_compute_ack_delay(conn);
+    ack_delay_exponent = conn->local.transport_params.ack_delay_exponent;
+    break;
+  default:
+    ngtcp2_unreachable();
+  }
+
+  if (!pktns->crypto.tx.ckm) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  ackfr = NULL;
+  rv = conn_create_ack_frame(conn, &ackfr, pktns, type, ts, ack_delay,
+                             ack_delay_exponent);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  if (!ackfr) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  spktlen = ngtcp2_conn_write_single_frame_pkt(
+      conn, pi, dest, destlen, type, NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_NONE,
+      &conn->dcid.current.cid, ackfr, NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE, NULL, ts);
+
+  if (spktlen <= 0) {
+    return spktlen;
+  }
+
+  conn->dcid.current.bytes_sent += (uint64_t)spktlen;
+
+  return spktlen;
+}
+
+static void conn_discard_pktns(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_pktns **ppktns,
+                               ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_pktns *pktns = *ppktns;
+  uint64_t bytes_in_flight;
+
+  bytes_in_flight = pktns->rtb.cc_bytes_in_flight;
+
+  assert(conn->cstat.bytes_in_flight >= bytes_in_flight);
+
+  conn->cstat.bytes_in_flight -= bytes_in_flight;
+  conn->cstat.pto_count = 0;
+  conn->cstat.last_tx_pkt_ts[pktns->rtb.pktns_id] = UINT64_MAX;
+  conn->cstat.loss_time[pktns->rtb.pktns_id] = UINT64_MAX;
+
+  conn_call_delete_crypto_aead_ctx(conn, &pktns->crypto.rx.ckm->aead_ctx);
+  conn_call_delete_crypto_cipher_ctx(conn, &pktns->crypto.rx.hp_ctx);
+  conn_call_delete_crypto_aead_ctx(conn, &pktns->crypto.tx.ckm->aead_ctx);
+  conn_call_delete_crypto_cipher_ctx(conn, &pktns->crypto.tx.hp_ctx);
+
+  pktns_del(pktns, conn->mem);
+  *ppktns = NULL;
+
+  ngtcp2_conn_set_loss_detection_timer(conn, ts);
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_discard_initial_state discards state for Initial packet number
+ * space.
+ */
+static void conn_discard_initial_state(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  if (!conn->in_pktns) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_CON,
+                  "discarding Initial packet number space");
+
+  conn_discard_pktns(conn, &conn->in_pktns, ts);
+
+  conn_vneg_crypto_free(conn);
+
+  memset(&conn->vneg.rx, 0, sizeof(conn->vneg.rx));
+  memset(&conn->vneg.tx, 0, sizeof(conn->vneg.tx));
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_discard_handshake_state discards state for Handshake packet
+ * number space.
+ */
+static void conn_discard_handshake_state(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  if (!conn->hs_pktns) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_CON,
+                  "discarding Handshake packet number space");
+
+  conn_discard_pktns(conn, &conn->hs_pktns, ts);
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_discard_early_key discards early key.
+ */
+static void conn_discard_early_key(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  assert(conn->early.ckm);
+
+  ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_CON, "discarding early key");
+
+  conn_call_delete_crypto_aead_ctx(conn, &conn->early.ckm->aead_ctx);
+  conn_call_delete_crypto_cipher_ctx(conn, &conn->early.hp_ctx);
+  memset(&conn->early.hp_ctx, 0, sizeof(conn->early.hp_ctx));
+
+  ngtcp2_crypto_km_del(conn->early.ckm, conn->mem);
+  conn->early.ckm = NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_write_handshake_ack_pkts writes packets which contain ACK
+ * frame only.  This function writes at most 2 packets for each
+ * Initial and Handshake packet.
+ */
+static ngtcp2_ssize conn_write_handshake_ack_pkts(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                                  ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi,
+                                                  uint8_t *dest, size_t destlen,
+                                                  ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_ssize res = 0, nwrite = 0;
+
+  /* In the most cases, client sends ACK in conn_write_handshake_pkt.
+     This function is only called when it is CWND limited or pacing
+     limited.  It is not required for client to send ACK for server
+     Initial.  This is because once it gets server Initial, it gets
+     Handshake tx key and discards Initial key.  The only good reason
+     to send ACK is give server RTT measurement early. */
+  if (conn->server && conn->in_pktns) {
+    nwrite =
+        conn_write_ack_pkt(conn, pi, dest, destlen, NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL, ts);
+    if (nwrite < 0) {
+      assert(nwrite != NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF);
+      return nwrite;
+    }
+
+    res += nwrite;
+    dest += nwrite;
+    destlen -= (size_t)nwrite;
+  }
+
+  if (conn->hs_pktns->crypto.tx.ckm) {
+    nwrite =
+        conn_write_ack_pkt(conn, pi, dest, destlen, NGTCP2_PKT_HANDSHAKE, ts);
+    if (nwrite < 0) {
+      assert(nwrite != NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF);
+      return nwrite;
+    }
+
+    res += nwrite;
+
+    if (!conn->server && nwrite) {
+      conn_discard_initial_state(conn, ts);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return res;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_write_client_initial writes Initial packet in the buffer
+ * pointed by |dest| whose length is |destlen|.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes written in |dest| if it
+ * succeeds, or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User-defined callback function failed.
+ */
+static ngtcp2_ssize conn_write_client_initial(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                              ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi,
+                                              uint8_t *dest, size_t destlen,
+                                              uint64_t early_datalen,
+                                              ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  int rv;
+
+  rv = conn_call_client_initial(conn);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  return conn_write_handshake_pkt(conn, pi, dest, destlen, NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL,
+                                  NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_NONE, early_datalen,
+                                  ts);
+}
+
+/*
+ * dcid_tx_left returns the maximum number of bytes that server is
+ * allowed to send to an unvalidated path associated to |dcid|.
+ */
+static uint64_t dcid_tx_left(ngtcp2_dcid *dcid) {
+  if (dcid->flags & NGTCP2_DCID_FLAG_PATH_VALIDATED) {
+    return SIZE_MAX;
+  }
+  /* From QUIC spec: Prior to validating the client address, servers
+     MUST NOT send more than three times as many bytes as the number
+     of bytes they have received. */
+  assert(dcid->bytes_recv * 3 >= dcid->bytes_sent);
+
+  return dcid->bytes_recv * 3 - dcid->bytes_sent;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_server_tx_left returns the maximum number of bytes that server
+ * is allowed to send to an unvalidated path.
+ */
+static uint64_t conn_server_tx_left(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_dcid *dcid) {
+  assert(conn->server);
+
+  /* If pv->dcid has the current path, use conn->dcid.current.  This
+     is because conn->dcid.current gets update for bytes_recv and
+     bytes_sent. */
+  if (ngtcp2_path_eq(&dcid->ps.path, &conn->dcid.current.ps.path)) {
+    return dcid_tx_left(&conn->dcid.current);
+  }
+
+  return dcid_tx_left(dcid);
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_write_handshake_pkts writes Initial and Handshake packets in
+ * the buffer pointed by |dest| whose length is |destlen|.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes written in |dest| if it
+ * succeeds, or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User-defined callback function failed.
+ */
+static ngtcp2_ssize conn_write_handshake_pkts(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                              ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi,
+                                              uint8_t *dest, size_t destlen,
+                                              uint64_t write_datalen,
+                                              ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_ssize nwrite;
+  ngtcp2_ssize res = 0;
+  ngtcp2_rtb_entry *rtbent;
+  uint8_t wflags = NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_NONE;
+  ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat = &conn->cstat;
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+
+  /* As a client, we would like to discard Initial packet number space
+     when sending the first Handshake packet.  When sending Handshake
+     packet, it should be one of 1) sending ACK, 2) sending PTO probe
+     packet, or 3) sending CRYPTO.  If we have pending acknowledgement
+     for Initial, then do not discard Initial packet number space.
+     Otherwise, if either 1) or 2) is satisfied, discard Initial
+     packet number space.  When sending Handshake CRYPTO, it indicates
+     that client has received Handshake CRYPTO from server.  Initial
+     packet number space is discarded because 1) is met.  If there is
+     pending Initial ACK, Initial packet number space is discarded
+     after writing the first Handshake packet.
+   */
+  if (!conn->server && conn->hs_pktns->crypto.tx.ckm && conn->in_pktns &&
+      !ngtcp2_acktr_require_active_ack(&conn->in_pktns->acktr,
+                                       /* max_ack_delay = */ 0, ts) &&
+      (ngtcp2_acktr_require_active_ack(&conn->hs_pktns->acktr,
+                                       /* max_ack_delay = */ 0, ts) ||
+       conn->hs_pktns->rtb.probe_pkt_left)) {
+    /* Discard Initial state here so that Handshake packet is not
+       padded. */
+    conn_discard_initial_state(conn, ts);
+  } else if (conn->in_pktns) {
+    nwrite =
+        conn_write_handshake_pkt(conn, pi, dest, destlen, NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL,
+                                 NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_NONE, write_datalen, ts);
+    if (nwrite < 0) {
+      assert(nwrite != NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF);
+      return nwrite;
+    }
+
+    if (nwrite == 0) {
+      if (conn->server && (conn->in_pktns->rtb.probe_pkt_left ||
+                           ngtcp2_ksl_len(&conn->in_pktns->crypto.tx.frq))) {
+        if (cstat->loss_detection_timer != UINT64_MAX &&
+            conn_server_tx_left(conn, &conn->dcid.current) <
+                NGTCP2_MAX_UDP_PAYLOAD_SIZE) {
+          ngtcp2_log_info(
+              &conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+              "loss detection timer canceled due to amplification limit");
+          cstat->loss_detection_timer = UINT64_MAX;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+      }
+    } else {
+      res += nwrite;
+      dest += nwrite;
+      destlen -= (size_t)nwrite;
+
+      if (destlen) {
+        /* We might have already added padding to Initial, but in that
+           case, we should have destlen == 0 and no Handshake packet
+           will be written. */
+        if (conn->server) {
+          it = ngtcp2_rtb_head(&conn->in_pktns->rtb);
+          if (!ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it)) {
+            rtbent = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+            if (rtbent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING) {
+              wflags |= NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_REQUIRE_PADDING;
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          wflags |= NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_REQUIRE_PADDING;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  nwrite = conn_write_handshake_pkt(
+      conn, pi, dest, destlen, NGTCP2_PKT_HANDSHAKE, wflags, write_datalen, ts);
+  if (nwrite < 0) {
+    assert(nwrite != NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF);
+    return nwrite;
+  }
+
+  res += nwrite;
+
+  if (!conn->server && conn->hs_pktns->crypto.tx.ckm && nwrite) {
+    /* We don't need to send further Initial packet if we have
+       Handshake key and sent something with it.  So discard initial
+       state here. */
+    conn_discard_initial_state(conn, ts);
+  }
+
+  return res;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_initial_stream_rx_offset returns the initial maximum offset of
+ * data for a stream denoted by |stream_id|.
+ */
+static uint64_t conn_initial_stream_rx_offset(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                              int64_t stream_id) {
+  int local_stream = conn_local_stream(conn, stream_id);
+
+  if (bidi_stream(stream_id)) {
+    if (local_stream) {
+      return conn->local.transport_params.initial_max_stream_data_bidi_local;
+    }
+    return conn->local.transport_params.initial_max_stream_data_bidi_remote;
+  }
+
+  if (local_stream) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return conn->local.transport_params.initial_max_stream_data_uni;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_should_send_max_stream_data returns nonzero if MAX_STREAM_DATA
+ * frame should be send for |strm|.
+ */
+static int conn_should_send_max_stream_data(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                            ngtcp2_strm *strm) {
+  uint64_t inc = strm->rx.unsent_max_offset - strm->rx.max_offset;
+  (void)conn;
+
+  return strm->rx.window < 2 * inc;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_should_send_max_data returns nonzero if MAX_DATA frame should
+ * be sent.
+ */
+static int conn_should_send_max_data(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  uint64_t inc = conn->rx.unsent_max_offset - conn->rx.max_offset;
+
+  return conn->rx.window < 2 * inc;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_required_num_new_connection_id returns the number of
+ * additional connection ID the local endpoint has to provide to the
+ * remote endpoint.
+ */
+static size_t conn_required_num_new_connection_id(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  uint64_t n;
+  size_t len = ngtcp2_ksl_len(&conn->scid.set);
+
+  if (len >= NGTCP2_MAX_SCID_POOL_SIZE) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  assert(conn->remote.transport_params);
+  assert(conn->remote.transport_params->active_connection_id_limit);
+
+  /* len includes retired CID.  We don't provide extra CID if doing so
+     exceeds NGTCP2_MAX_SCID_POOL_SIZE. */
+
+  n = conn->remote.transport_params->active_connection_id_limit +
+      conn->scid.num_retired;
+
+  return (size_t)ngtcp2_min(NGTCP2_MAX_SCID_POOL_SIZE, n) - len;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_enqueue_new_connection_id generates additional connection IDs
+ * and prepares to send them to the remote endpoint.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User-defined callback function failed.
+ */
+static int conn_enqueue_new_connection_id(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  size_t i, need = conn_required_num_new_connection_id(conn);
+  size_t cidlen = conn->oscid.datalen;
+  ngtcp2_cid cid;
+  uint64_t seq;
+  int rv;
+  uint8_t token[NGTCP2_STATELESS_RESET_TOKENLEN];
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain *nfrc;
+  ngtcp2_pktns *pktns = &conn->pktns;
+  ngtcp2_scid *scid;
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < need; ++i) {
+    rv = conn_call_get_new_connection_id(conn, &cid, token, cidlen);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    if (cid.datalen != cidlen) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    /* Assert uniqueness */
+    it = ngtcp2_ksl_lower_bound(&conn->scid.set, &cid);
+    if (!ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it) &&
+        ngtcp2_cid_eq(ngtcp2_ksl_it_key(&it), &cid)) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    seq = ++conn->scid.last_seq;
+
+    scid = ngtcp2_mem_malloc(conn->mem, sizeof(*scid));
+    if (scid == NULL) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+    }
+
+    ngtcp2_scid_init(scid, seq, &cid);
+
+    rv = ngtcp2_ksl_insert(&conn->scid.set, NULL, &scid->cid, scid);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      ngtcp2_mem_free(conn->mem, scid);
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    rv = ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_new(&nfrc, &conn->frc_objalloc);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    nfrc->fr.type = NGTCP2_FRAME_NEW_CONNECTION_ID;
+    nfrc->fr.new_connection_id.seq = seq;
+    nfrc->fr.new_connection_id.retire_prior_to = 0;
+    nfrc->fr.new_connection_id.cid = cid;
+    memcpy(nfrc->fr.new_connection_id.stateless_reset_token, token,
+           sizeof(token));
+    nfrc->next = pktns->tx.frq;
+    pktns->tx.frq = nfrc;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_remove_retired_connection_id removes the already retired
+ * connection ID.  It waits PTO before actually removing a connection
+ * ID after it receives RETIRE_CONNECTION_ID from peer to catch
+ * reordered packets.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User-defined callback function failed.
+ */
+static int conn_remove_retired_connection_id(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                             ngtcp2_duration pto,
+                                             ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_duration timeout = pto;
+  ngtcp2_scid *scid;
+  ngtcp2_dcid *dcid;
+  int rv;
+
+  for (; !ngtcp2_pq_empty(&conn->scid.used);) {
+    scid = ngtcp2_struct_of(ngtcp2_pq_top(&conn->scid.used), ngtcp2_scid, pe);
+
+    if (scid->retired_ts == UINT64_MAX || scid->retired_ts + timeout >= ts) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    assert(scid->flags & NGTCP2_SCID_FLAG_RETIRED);
+
+    rv = conn_call_remove_connection_id(conn, &scid->cid);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    ngtcp2_ksl_remove(&conn->scid.set, NULL, &scid->cid);
+    ngtcp2_pq_pop(&conn->scid.used);
+    ngtcp2_mem_free(conn->mem, scid);
+
+    assert(conn->scid.num_retired);
+    --conn->scid.num_retired;
+  }
+
+  for (; ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(&conn->dcid.retired.rb);) {
+    dcid = ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(&conn->dcid.retired.rb, 0);
+    if (dcid->retired_ts + timeout >= ts) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    rv = conn_call_deactivate_dcid(conn, dcid);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    ngtcp2_ringbuf_pop_front(&conn->dcid.retired.rb);
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_min_short_pktlen returns the minimum length of Short packet
+ * this endpoint sends.
+ */
+static size_t conn_min_short_pktlen(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  return conn->dcid.current.cid.datalen + NGTCP2_MIN_PKT_EXPANDLEN;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_handle_unconfirmed_key_update_from_remote deals with key
+ * update which has not been confirmed yet and initiated by the remote
+ * endpoint.
+ *
+ * If key update was initiated by the remote endpoint, acknowledging a
+ * packet encrypted with the new key completes key update procedure.
+ */
+static void conn_handle_unconfirmed_key_update_from_remote(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                                           int64_t largest_ack,
+                                                           ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  if (!(conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_KEY_UPDATE_NOT_CONFIRMED) ||
+      (conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_KEY_UPDATE_INITIATOR) ||
+      largest_ack < conn->pktns.crypto.rx.ckm->pkt_num) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  conn->flags &= (uint32_t)~NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_KEY_UPDATE_NOT_CONFIRMED;
+  conn->crypto.key_update.confirmed_ts = ts;
+
+  ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_CRY, "key update confirmed");
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_write_pkt writes a protected packet in the buffer pointed by
+ * |dest| whose length if |destlen|.  |type| specifies the type of
+ * packet.  It can be NGTCP2_PKT_1RTT or NGTCP2_PKT_0RTT.
+ *
+ * This function can send new stream data.  In order to send stream
+ * data, specify the underlying stream and parameters to
+ * |vmsg|->stream.  If |vmsg|->stream.fin is set to nonzero, it
+ * signals that the given data is the final portion of the stream.
+ * |vmsg|->stream.data vector of length |vmsg|->stream.datacnt
+ * specifies stream data to send.  The number of bytes sent to the
+ * stream is assigned to *|vmsg|->stream.pdatalen.  If 0 length STREAM
+ * data is sent, 0 is assigned to it.  The caller should initialize
+ * *|vmsg|->stream.pdatalen to -1.
+ *
+ * If |require_padding| is nonzero, padding bytes are added to occupy
+ * the remaining packet payload.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes written in |dest| if it
+ * succeeds, or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User-defined callback function failed.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_DATA_BLOCKED
+ *     Stream data could not be written because of flow control.
+ */
+static ngtcp2_ssize conn_write_pkt(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi,
+                                   uint8_t *dest, size_t destlen,
+                                   ngtcp2_vmsg *vmsg, uint8_t type,
+                                   uint8_t flags, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  int rv = 0;
+  ngtcp2_crypto_cc *cc = &conn->pkt.cc;
+  ngtcp2_ppe *ppe = &conn->pkt.ppe;
+  ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd = &conn->pkt.hd;
+  ngtcp2_frame *ackfr = NULL, lfr;
+  ngtcp2_ssize nwrite;
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain **pfrc, *nfrc, *frc;
+  ngtcp2_rtb_entry *ent;
+  ngtcp2_strm *strm;
+  int pkt_empty = 1;
+  uint64_t ndatalen = 0;
+  int send_stream = 0;
+  int stream_blocked = 0;
+  int send_datagram = 0;
+  ngtcp2_pktns *pktns = &conn->pktns;
+  size_t left;
+  uint64_t datalen = 0;
+  ngtcp2_vec data[NGTCP2_MAX_STREAM_DATACNT];
+  size_t datacnt;
+  uint16_t rtb_entry_flags = NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE;
+  int hd_logged = 0;
+  ngtcp2_path_challenge_entry *pcent;
+  uint8_t hd_flags = NGTCP2_PKT_FLAG_NONE;
+  int require_padding = (flags & NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_REQUIRE_PADDING) != 0;
+  int write_more = (flags & NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_MORE) != 0;
+  int ppe_pending = (conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_PPE_PENDING) != 0;
+  size_t min_pktlen = conn_min_short_pktlen(conn);
+  int padded = 0;
+  ngtcp2_cc_pkt cc_pkt;
+  uint64_t crypto_offset;
+  uint64_t stream_offset;
+  ngtcp2_ssize num_reclaimed;
+  int fin;
+  uint64_t target_max_data;
+  ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat = &conn->cstat;
+  uint64_t delta;
+  const ngtcp2_cid *scid = NULL;
+  int keep_alive_expired = 0;
+  uint32_t version = 0;
+
+  /* Return 0 if destlen is less than minimum packet length which can
+     trigger Stateless Reset */
+  if (destlen < min_pktlen) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (vmsg) {
+    switch (vmsg->type) {
+    case NGTCP2_VMSG_TYPE_STREAM:
+      datalen = ngtcp2_vec_len(vmsg->stream.data, vmsg->stream.datacnt);
+      ndatalen = conn_enforce_flow_control(conn, vmsg->stream.strm, datalen);
+      /* 0 length STREAM frame is allowed */
+      if (ndatalen || datalen == 0) {
+        send_stream = 1;
+      } else {
+        stream_blocked = 1;
+      }
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_VMSG_TYPE_DATAGRAM:
+      datalen = ngtcp2_vec_len(vmsg->datagram.data, vmsg->datagram.datacnt);
+      send_datagram = 1;
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!ppe_pending) {
+    switch (type) {
+    case NGTCP2_PKT_1RTT:
+      hd_flags = conn_pkt_flags_short(conn);
+      scid = NULL;
+      cc->aead = pktns->crypto.ctx.aead;
+      cc->hp = pktns->crypto.ctx.hp;
+      cc->ckm = pktns->crypto.tx.ckm;
+      cc->hp_ctx = pktns->crypto.tx.hp_ctx;
+
+      assert(conn->negotiated_version);
+
+      version = conn->negotiated_version;
+
+      /* transport parameter is only valid after handshake completion
+         which means we don't know how many connection ID that remote
+         peer can accept before handshake completion. */
+      if (conn->oscid.datalen && conn_is_handshake_completed(conn)) {
+        rv = conn_enqueue_new_connection_id(conn);
+        if (rv != 0) {
+          return rv;
+        }
+      }
+
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_PKT_0RTT:
+      assert(!conn->server);
+      if (!conn->early.ckm) {
+        return 0;
+      }
+      hd_flags = conn_pkt_flags_long(conn);
+      scid = &conn->oscid;
+      cc->aead = conn->early.ctx.aead;
+      cc->hp = conn->early.ctx.hp;
+      cc->ckm = conn->early.ckm;
+      cc->hp_ctx = conn->early.hp_ctx;
+      version = conn->client_chosen_version;
+      break;
+    default:
+      /* Unreachable */
+      ngtcp2_unreachable();
+    }
+
+    cc->encrypt = conn->callbacks.encrypt;
+    cc->hp_mask = conn->callbacks.hp_mask;
+
+    if (conn_should_send_max_data(conn)) {
+      rv = ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_new(&nfrc, &conn->frc_objalloc);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+
+      if (conn->local.settings.max_window &&
+          conn->tx.last_max_data_ts != UINT64_MAX &&
+          ts - conn->tx.last_max_data_ts <
+              NGTCP2_FLOW_WINDOW_RTT_FACTOR * cstat->smoothed_rtt &&
+          conn->local.settings.max_window > conn->rx.window) {
+        target_max_data = NGTCP2_FLOW_WINDOW_SCALING_FACTOR * conn->rx.window;
+        if (target_max_data > conn->local.settings.max_window) {
+          target_max_data = conn->local.settings.max_window;
+        }
+
+        delta = target_max_data - conn->rx.window;
+        if (conn->rx.unsent_max_offset + delta > NGTCP2_MAX_VARINT) {
+          delta = NGTCP2_MAX_VARINT - conn->rx.unsent_max_offset;
+        }
+
+        conn->rx.window = target_max_data;
+      } else {
+        delta = 0;
+      }
+
+      conn->tx.last_max_data_ts = ts;
+
+      nfrc->fr.type = NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_DATA;
+      nfrc->fr.max_data.max_data = conn->rx.unsent_max_offset + delta;
+      nfrc->next = pktns->tx.frq;
+      pktns->tx.frq = nfrc;
+
+      conn->rx.max_offset = conn->rx.unsent_max_offset =
+          nfrc->fr.max_data.max_data;
+    }
+
+    ngtcp2_pkt_hd_init(hd, hd_flags, type, &conn->dcid.current.cid, scid,
+                       pktns->tx.last_pkt_num + 1,
+                       pktns_select_pkt_numlen(pktns), version, 0);
+
+    ngtcp2_ppe_init(ppe, dest, destlen, cc);
+
+    rv = ngtcp2_ppe_encode_hd(ppe, hd);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      assert(NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF == rv);
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (!ngtcp2_ppe_ensure_hp_sample(ppe)) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(&conn->rx.path_challenge.rb)) {
+      pcent = ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(&conn->rx.path_challenge.rb, 0);
+
+      /* PATH_RESPONSE is bound to the path that the corresponding
+         PATH_CHALLENGE is received. */
+      if (ngtcp2_path_eq(&conn->dcid.current.ps.path, &pcent->ps.path)) {
+        lfr.type = NGTCP2_FRAME_PATH_RESPONSE;
+        memcpy(lfr.path_response.data, pcent->data,
+               sizeof(lfr.path_response.data));
+
+        rv = conn_ppe_write_frame_hd_log(conn, ppe, &hd_logged, hd, &lfr);
+        if (rv != 0) {
+          assert(NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF == rv);
+        } else {
+          ngtcp2_ringbuf_pop_front(&conn->rx.path_challenge.rb);
+
+          pkt_empty = 0;
+          rtb_entry_flags |= NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING;
+          require_padding =
+              !conn->server || destlen >= NGTCP2_MAX_UDP_PAYLOAD_SIZE;
+          /* We don't retransmit PATH_RESPONSE. */
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    rv = conn_create_ack_frame(conn, &ackfr, pktns, type, ts,
+                               conn_compute_ack_delay(conn),
+                               conn->local.transport_params.ack_delay_exponent);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv));
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    if (ackfr) {
+      rv = conn_ppe_write_frame_hd_log(conn, ppe, &hd_logged, hd, ackfr);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        assert(NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF == rv);
+      } else {
+        ngtcp2_acktr_commit_ack(&pktns->acktr);
+        ngtcp2_acktr_add_ack(&pktns->acktr, hd->pkt_num,
+                             ackfr->ack.largest_ack);
+        if (type == NGTCP2_PKT_1RTT) {
+          conn_handle_unconfirmed_key_update_from_remote(
+              conn, ackfr->ack.largest_ack, ts);
+        }
+        pkt_empty = 0;
+      }
+    }
+
+  build_pkt:
+    for (pfrc = &pktns->tx.frq; *pfrc;) {
+      if ((*pfrc)->binder &&
+          ((*pfrc)->binder->flags & NGTCP2_FRAME_CHAIN_BINDER_FLAG_ACK)) {
+        frc = *pfrc;
+        *pfrc = (*pfrc)->next;
+        ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      switch ((*pfrc)->fr.type) {
+      case NGTCP2_FRAME_STOP_SENDING:
+        strm =
+            ngtcp2_conn_find_stream(conn, (*pfrc)->fr.stop_sending.stream_id);
+        if (strm == NULL || (strm->flags & NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SHUT_RD)) {
+          frc = *pfrc;
+          *pfrc = (*pfrc)->next;
+          ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        if (!(strm->flags & NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_STREAM_STOP_SENDING_CALLED)) {
+          strm->flags |= NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_STREAM_STOP_SENDING_CALLED;
+
+          rv = conn_call_stream_stop_sending(
+              conn, (*pfrc)->fr.stop_sending.stream_id,
+              (*pfrc)->fr.stop_sending.app_error_code, strm->stream_user_data);
+          if (rv != 0) {
+            assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv));
+            return rv;
+          }
+        }
+
+        break;
+      case NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAM:
+        ngtcp2_unreachable();
+      case NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_STREAMS_BIDI:
+        if ((*pfrc)->fr.max_streams.max_streams <
+            conn->remote.bidi.max_streams) {
+          frc = *pfrc;
+          *pfrc = (*pfrc)->next;
+          ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+          continue;
+        }
+        break;
+      case NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_STREAMS_UNI:
+        if ((*pfrc)->fr.max_streams.max_streams <
+            conn->remote.uni.max_streams) {
+          frc = *pfrc;
+          *pfrc = (*pfrc)->next;
+          ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+          continue;
+        }
+        break;
+      case NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_STREAM_DATA:
+        strm = ngtcp2_conn_find_stream(conn,
+                                       (*pfrc)->fr.max_stream_data.stream_id);
+        if (strm == NULL || (strm->flags & NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SHUT_RD) ||
+            (*pfrc)->fr.max_stream_data.max_stream_data < strm->rx.max_offset) {
+          frc = *pfrc;
+          *pfrc = (*pfrc)->next;
+          ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+          continue;
+        }
+        break;
+      case NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_DATA:
+        if ((*pfrc)->fr.max_data.max_data < conn->rx.max_offset) {
+          frc = *pfrc;
+          *pfrc = (*pfrc)->next;
+          ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+          continue;
+        }
+        break;
+      case NGTCP2_FRAME_CRYPTO:
+        ngtcp2_unreachable();
+      }
+
+      rv = conn_ppe_write_frame_hd_log(conn, ppe, &hd_logged, hd, &(*pfrc)->fr);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        assert(NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF == rv);
+        break;
+      }
+
+      pkt_empty = 0;
+      rtb_entry_flags |= NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING |
+                         NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PTO_ELICITING |
+                         NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_RETRANSMITTABLE;
+      pfrc = &(*pfrc)->next;
+    }
+
+    if (rv != NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF) {
+      for (; ngtcp2_ksl_len(&pktns->crypto.tx.frq);) {
+        left = ngtcp2_ppe_left(ppe);
+
+        crypto_offset = conn_cryptofrq_unacked_offset(conn, pktns);
+        if (crypto_offset == (size_t)-1) {
+          conn_cryptofrq_clear(conn, pktns);
+          break;
+        }
+
+        left = ngtcp2_pkt_crypto_max_datalen(crypto_offset, left, left);
+
+        if (left == (size_t)-1) {
+          break;
+        }
+
+        rv = conn_cryptofrq_pop(conn, &nfrc, pktns, left);
+        if (rv != 0) {
+          assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv));
+          return rv;
+        }
+
+        if (nfrc == NULL) {
+          break;
+        }
+
+        rv = conn_ppe_write_frame_hd_log(conn, ppe, &hd_logged, hd, &nfrc->fr);
+        if (rv != 0) {
+          ngtcp2_unreachable();
+        }
+
+        *pfrc = nfrc;
+        pfrc = &(*pfrc)->next;
+
+        pkt_empty = 0;
+        rtb_entry_flags |= NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING |
+                           NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PTO_ELICITING |
+                           NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_RETRANSMITTABLE;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /* Write MAX_STREAM_ID after RESET_STREAM so that we can extend stream
+       ID space in one packet. */
+    if (rv != NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF && *pfrc == NULL &&
+        conn->remote.bidi.unsent_max_streams > conn->remote.bidi.max_streams) {
+      rv = conn_call_extend_max_remote_streams_bidi(
+          conn, conn->remote.bidi.unsent_max_streams);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv));
+        return rv;
+      }
+
+      rv = ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_new(&nfrc, &conn->frc_objalloc);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv));
+        return rv;
+      }
+      nfrc->fr.type = NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_STREAMS_BIDI;
+      nfrc->fr.max_streams.max_streams = conn->remote.bidi.unsent_max_streams;
+      *pfrc = nfrc;
+
+      conn->remote.bidi.max_streams = conn->remote.bidi.unsent_max_streams;
+
+      rv = conn_ppe_write_frame_hd_log(conn, ppe, &hd_logged, hd, &(*pfrc)->fr);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        assert(NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF == rv);
+      } else {
+        pkt_empty = 0;
+        rtb_entry_flags |= NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING |
+                           NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PTO_ELICITING |
+                           NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_RETRANSMITTABLE;
+        pfrc = &(*pfrc)->next;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (rv != NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF && *pfrc == NULL) {
+      if (conn->remote.uni.unsent_max_streams > conn->remote.uni.max_streams) {
+        rv = conn_call_extend_max_remote_streams_uni(
+            conn, conn->remote.uni.unsent_max_streams);
+        if (rv != 0) {
+          assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv));
+          return rv;
+        }
+
+        rv = ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_new(&nfrc, &conn->frc_objalloc);
+        if (rv != 0) {
+          assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv));
+          return rv;
+        }
+        nfrc->fr.type = NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_STREAMS_UNI;
+        nfrc->fr.max_streams.max_streams = conn->remote.uni.unsent_max_streams;
+        *pfrc = nfrc;
+
+        conn->remote.uni.max_streams = conn->remote.uni.unsent_max_streams;
+
+        rv = conn_ppe_write_frame_hd_log(conn, ppe, &hd_logged, hd,
+                                         &(*pfrc)->fr);
+        if (rv != 0) {
+          assert(NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF == rv);
+        } else {
+          pkt_empty = 0;
+          rtb_entry_flags |= NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING |
+                             NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PTO_ELICITING |
+                             NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_RETRANSMITTABLE;
+          pfrc = &(*pfrc)->next;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (rv != NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF) {
+      for (; !ngtcp2_pq_empty(&conn->tx.strmq);) {
+        strm = ngtcp2_conn_tx_strmq_top(conn);
+
+        if (!(strm->flags & NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SHUT_RD) &&
+            conn_should_send_max_stream_data(conn, strm)) {
+          rv = ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_new(&nfrc, &conn->frc_objalloc);
+          if (rv != 0) {
+            assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv));
+            return rv;
+          }
+
+          if (conn->local.settings.max_stream_window &&
+              strm->tx.last_max_stream_data_ts != UINT64_MAX &&
+              ts - strm->tx.last_max_stream_data_ts <
+                  NGTCP2_FLOW_WINDOW_RTT_FACTOR * cstat->smoothed_rtt &&
+              conn->local.settings.max_stream_window > strm->rx.window) {
+            target_max_data =
+                NGTCP2_FLOW_WINDOW_SCALING_FACTOR * strm->rx.window;
+            if (target_max_data > conn->local.settings.max_stream_window) {
+              target_max_data = conn->local.settings.max_stream_window;
+            }
+
+            delta = target_max_data - strm->rx.window;
+            if (strm->rx.unsent_max_offset + delta > NGTCP2_MAX_VARINT) {
+              delta = NGTCP2_MAX_VARINT - strm->rx.unsent_max_offset;
+            }
+
+            strm->rx.window = target_max_data;
+          } else {
+            delta = 0;
+          }
+
+          strm->tx.last_max_stream_data_ts = ts;
+
+          nfrc->fr.type = NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_STREAM_DATA;
+          nfrc->fr.max_stream_data.stream_id = strm->stream_id;
+          nfrc->fr.max_stream_data.max_stream_data =
+              strm->rx.unsent_max_offset + delta;
+          ngtcp2_list_insert(nfrc, pfrc);
+
+          rv =
+              conn_ppe_write_frame_hd_log(conn, ppe, &hd_logged, hd, &nfrc->fr);
+          if (rv != 0) {
+            assert(NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF == rv);
+            break;
+          }
+
+          pkt_empty = 0;
+          rtb_entry_flags |= NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING |
+                             NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PTO_ELICITING |
+                             NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_RETRANSMITTABLE;
+          pfrc = &(*pfrc)->next;
+          strm->rx.max_offset = strm->rx.unsent_max_offset =
+              nfrc->fr.max_stream_data.max_stream_data;
+        }
+
+        if (ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_empty(strm)) {
+          ngtcp2_conn_tx_strmq_pop(conn);
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        stream_offset = ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_unacked_offset(strm);
+        if (stream_offset == (uint64_t)-1) {
+          ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_clear(strm);
+          ngtcp2_conn_tx_strmq_pop(conn);
+          assert(conn->tx.strmq_nretrans);
+          --conn->tx.strmq_nretrans;
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        left = ngtcp2_ppe_left(ppe);
+
+        left = ngtcp2_pkt_stream_max_datalen(strm->stream_id, stream_offset,
+                                             left, left);
+
+        if (left == (size_t)-1) {
+          break;
+        }
+
+        rv = ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_pop(strm, &nfrc, left);
+        if (rv != 0) {
+          assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv));
+          return rv;
+        }
+
+        if (nfrc == NULL) {
+          /* TODO Why? */
+          break;
+        }
+
+        rv = conn_ppe_write_frame_hd_log(conn, ppe, &hd_logged, hd, &nfrc->fr);
+        if (rv != 0) {
+          ngtcp2_unreachable();
+        }
+
+        *pfrc = nfrc;
+        pfrc = &(*pfrc)->next;
+
+        pkt_empty = 0;
+        rtb_entry_flags |= NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING |
+                           NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PTO_ELICITING |
+                           NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_RETRANSMITTABLE;
+
+        if (ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_empty(strm)) {
+          ngtcp2_conn_tx_strmq_pop(conn);
+          assert(conn->tx.strmq_nretrans);
+          --conn->tx.strmq_nretrans;
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        ngtcp2_conn_tx_strmq_pop(conn);
+        ++strm->cycle;
+        rv = ngtcp2_conn_tx_strmq_push(conn, strm);
+        if (rv != 0) {
+          assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv));
+          return rv;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (rv != NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF && !send_stream && !send_datagram &&
+        !(rtb_entry_flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING) &&
+        pktns->rtb.num_retransmittable && pktns->tx.frq == NULL &&
+        pktns->rtb.probe_pkt_left) {
+      num_reclaimed = ngtcp2_rtb_reclaim_on_pto(&pktns->rtb, conn, pktns, 1);
+      if (num_reclaimed < 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      if (num_reclaimed) {
+        goto build_pkt;
+      }
+
+      /* We had pktns->rtb.num_retransmittable > 0 but we were unable
+         to reclaim any frame.  In this case, we do not have to send
+         any probe packet. */
+      if (pktns->rtb.num_pto_eliciting == 0) {
+        pktns->rtb.probe_pkt_left = 0;
+        ngtcp2_conn_set_loss_detection_timer(conn, ts);
+
+        if (pkt_empty && conn_cwnd_is_zero(conn) && !require_padding) {
+          return 0;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    pfrc = conn->pkt.pfrc;
+    rtb_entry_flags |= conn->pkt.rtb_entry_flags;
+    pkt_empty = conn->pkt.pkt_empty;
+    hd_logged = conn->pkt.hd_logged;
+  }
+
+  left = ngtcp2_ppe_left(ppe);
+
+  if (rv != NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF && send_stream && *pfrc == NULL &&
+      (ndatalen = ngtcp2_pkt_stream_max_datalen(
+           vmsg->stream.strm->stream_id, vmsg->stream.strm->tx.offset, ndatalen,
+           left)) != (size_t)-1 &&
+      (ndatalen || datalen == 0)) {
+    datacnt = ngtcp2_vec_copy_at_most(data, NGTCP2_MAX_STREAM_DATACNT,
+                                      vmsg->stream.data, vmsg->stream.datacnt,
+                                      (size_t)ndatalen);
+    ndatalen = ngtcp2_vec_len(data, datacnt);
+
+    assert((datacnt == 0 && datalen == 0) || (datacnt && datalen));
+
+    rv = ngtcp2_frame_chain_stream_datacnt_objalloc_new(
+        &nfrc, datacnt, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv));
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    nfrc->fr.stream.type = NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAM;
+    nfrc->fr.stream.flags = 0;
+    nfrc->fr.stream.stream_id = vmsg->stream.strm->stream_id;
+    nfrc->fr.stream.offset = vmsg->stream.strm->tx.offset;
+    nfrc->fr.stream.datacnt = datacnt;
+    ngtcp2_vec_copy(nfrc->fr.stream.data, data, datacnt);
+
+    fin = (vmsg->stream.flags & NGTCP2_WRITE_STREAM_FLAG_FIN) &&
+          ndatalen == datalen;
+    nfrc->fr.stream.fin = (uint8_t)fin;
+
+    rv = conn_ppe_write_frame_hd_log(conn, ppe, &hd_logged, hd, &nfrc->fr);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      ngtcp2_unreachable();
+    }
+
+    *pfrc = nfrc;
+    pfrc = &(*pfrc)->next;
+
+    pkt_empty = 0;
+    rtb_entry_flags |= NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING |
+                       NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PTO_ELICITING |
+                       NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_RETRANSMITTABLE;
+
+    vmsg->stream.strm->tx.offset += ndatalen;
+    conn->tx.offset += ndatalen;
+
+    if (fin) {
+      ngtcp2_strm_shutdown(vmsg->stream.strm, NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SHUT_WR);
+    }
+
+    if (vmsg->stream.pdatalen) {
+      *vmsg->stream.pdatalen = (ngtcp2_ssize)ndatalen;
+    }
+  } else {
+    send_stream = 0;
+  }
+
+  if (rv != NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF && send_datagram &&
+      left >= ngtcp2_pkt_datagram_framelen((size_t)datalen)) {
+    if (conn->callbacks.ack_datagram || conn->callbacks.lost_datagram) {
+      rv = ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_new(&nfrc, &conn->frc_objalloc);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv));
+        return rv;
+      }
+
+      nfrc->fr.datagram.type = NGTCP2_FRAME_DATAGRAM_LEN;
+      nfrc->fr.datagram.dgram_id = vmsg->datagram.dgram_id;
+      nfrc->fr.datagram.datacnt = vmsg->datagram.datacnt;
+      nfrc->fr.datagram.data = (ngtcp2_vec *)vmsg->datagram.data;
+
+      rv = conn_ppe_write_frame_hd_log(conn, ppe, &hd_logged, hd, &nfrc->fr);
+      assert(rv == 0);
+
+      /* Because DATAGRAM will not be retransmitted, we do not use
+         data anymore.  Just nullify it.  The only reason to keep
+         track a frame is keep dgram_id to pass it to
+         ngtcp2_ack_datagram or ngtcp2_lost_datagram callbacks. */
+      nfrc->fr.datagram.datacnt = 0;
+      nfrc->fr.datagram.data = NULL;
+
+      *pfrc = nfrc;
+      pfrc = &(*pfrc)->next;
+    } else {
+      lfr.datagram.type = NGTCP2_FRAME_DATAGRAM_LEN;
+      lfr.datagram.datacnt = vmsg->datagram.datacnt;
+      lfr.datagram.data = (ngtcp2_vec *)vmsg->datagram.data;
+
+      rv = conn_ppe_write_frame_hd_log(conn, ppe, &hd_logged, hd, &lfr);
+      assert(rv == 0);
+    }
+
+    pkt_empty = 0;
+    rtb_entry_flags |=
+        NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING | NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_DATAGRAM;
+
+    if (vmsg->datagram.paccepted) {
+      *vmsg->datagram.paccepted = 1;
+    }
+  } else {
+    send_datagram = 0;
+  }
+
+  if (pkt_empty) {
+    assert(rv == 0 || NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF == rv);
+    if (rv == 0 && stream_blocked && ngtcp2_conn_get_max_data_left(conn)) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_DATA_BLOCKED;
+    }
+
+    keep_alive_expired = conn_keep_alive_expired(conn, ts);
+
+    if (conn->pktns.rtb.probe_pkt_left == 0 && !keep_alive_expired &&
+        !require_padding) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+  } else if (write_more) {
+    conn->pkt.pfrc = pfrc;
+    conn->pkt.pkt_empty = pkt_empty;
+    conn->pkt.rtb_entry_flags = rtb_entry_flags;
+    conn->pkt.hd_logged = hd_logged;
+    conn->flags |= NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_PPE_PENDING;
+
+    assert(vmsg);
+
+    switch (vmsg->type) {
+    case NGTCP2_VMSG_TYPE_STREAM:
+      if (send_stream) {
+        if (ngtcp2_ppe_left(ppe)) {
+          return NGTCP2_ERR_WRITE_MORE;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+
+      if (ngtcp2_conn_get_max_data_left(conn) && stream_blocked) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_DATA_BLOCKED;
+      }
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_VMSG_TYPE_DATAGRAM:
+      if (send_datagram && ngtcp2_ppe_left(ppe)) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_WRITE_MORE;
+      }
+      /* If DATAGRAM cannot be written due to insufficient space,
+         continue to create a packet with the hope that application
+         calls ngtcp2_conn_writev_datagram again. */
+      break;
+    default:
+      ngtcp2_unreachable();
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!(rtb_entry_flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING)) {
+    if (pktns->tx.num_non_ack_pkt >= NGTCP2_MAX_NON_ACK_TX_PKT ||
+        keep_alive_expired || conn->pktns.rtb.probe_pkt_left) {
+      lfr.type = NGTCP2_FRAME_PING;
+
+      rv = conn_ppe_write_frame_hd_log(conn, ppe, &hd_logged, hd, &lfr);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        assert(rv == NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF);
+        /* TODO If buffer is too small, PING cannot be written if
+           packet is still empty. */
+      } else {
+        rtb_entry_flags |= NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING;
+        if (conn->pktns.rtb.probe_pkt_left) {
+          rtb_entry_flags |= NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PROBE;
+        }
+        pktns->tx.num_non_ack_pkt = 0;
+      }
+    } else {
+      ++pktns->tx.num_non_ack_pkt;
+    }
+  } else {
+    pktns->tx.num_non_ack_pkt = 0;
+  }
+
+  /* TODO Push STREAM frame back to ngtcp2_strm if there is an error
+     before ngtcp2_rtb_entry is safely created and added. */
+  if (require_padding ||
+      /* Making full sized packet will help GSO a bit */
+      ngtcp2_ppe_left(ppe) < 10) {
+    lfr.padding.len = ngtcp2_ppe_padding(ppe);
+  } else {
+    lfr.padding.len = ngtcp2_ppe_padding_size(ppe, min_pktlen);
+  }
+
+  if (lfr.padding.len) {
+    lfr.type = NGTCP2_FRAME_PADDING;
+    padded = 1;
+    ngtcp2_log_tx_fr(&conn->log, hd, &lfr);
+    ngtcp2_qlog_write_frame(&conn->qlog, &lfr);
+  }
+
+  nwrite = ngtcp2_ppe_final(ppe, NULL);
+  if (nwrite < 0) {
+    assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal((int)nwrite));
+    return nwrite;
+  }
+
+  ++cc->ckm->use_count;
+
+  ngtcp2_qlog_pkt_sent_end(&conn->qlog, hd, (size_t)nwrite);
+
+  /* TODO ack-eliciting vs needs-tracking */
+  /* probe packet needs tracking but it does not need ACK, could be lost. */
+  if ((rtb_entry_flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING) || padded) {
+    if (pi) {
+      conn_handle_tx_ecn(conn, pi, &rtb_entry_flags, pktns, hd, ts);
+    }
+
+    rv = ngtcp2_rtb_entry_objalloc_new(&ent, hd, NULL, ts, (size_t)nwrite,
+                                       rtb_entry_flags,
+                                       &conn->rtb_entry_objalloc);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal((int)nwrite));
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    if (*pfrc != pktns->tx.frq) {
+      ent->frc = pktns->tx.frq;
+      pktns->tx.frq = *pfrc;
+      *pfrc = NULL;
+    }
+
+    if ((rtb_entry_flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING) &&
+        pktns->rtb.num_ack_eliciting == 0 && conn->cc.event) {
+      conn->cc.event(&conn->cc, &conn->cstat, NGTCP2_CC_EVENT_TYPE_TX_START,
+                     ts);
+    }
+
+    rv = conn_on_pkt_sent(conn, &pktns->rtb, ent);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv));
+      ngtcp2_rtb_entry_objalloc_del(ent, &conn->rtb_entry_objalloc,
+                                    &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    if (rtb_entry_flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING) {
+      if (conn->cc.on_pkt_sent) {
+        conn->cc.on_pkt_sent(
+            &conn->cc, &conn->cstat,
+            ngtcp2_cc_pkt_init(&cc_pkt, hd->pkt_num, (size_t)nwrite,
+                               NGTCP2_PKTNS_ID_APPLICATION, ts, ent->rst.lost,
+                               ent->rst.tx_in_flight, ent->rst.is_app_limited));
+      }
+
+      if (conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_RESTART_IDLE_TIMER_ON_WRITE) {
+        conn_restart_timer_on_write(conn, ts);
+      }
+    }
+  } else if (pi && conn->tx.ecn.state == NGTCP2_ECN_STATE_CAPABLE) {
+    conn_handle_tx_ecn(conn, pi, NULL, pktns, hd, ts);
+  }
+
+  conn->flags &= (uint32_t)~NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_PPE_PENDING;
+
+  if (pktns->rtb.probe_pkt_left &&
+      (rtb_entry_flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING)) {
+    --pktns->rtb.probe_pkt_left;
+
+    ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_CON, "probe pkt size=%td",
+                    nwrite);
+  }
+
+  conn_update_keep_alive_last_ts(conn, ts);
+
+  conn->dcid.current.bytes_sent += (uint64_t)nwrite;
+
+  conn->tx.pacing.pktlen += (size_t)nwrite;
+
+  ngtcp2_qlog_metrics_updated(&conn->qlog, &conn->cstat);
+
+  ++pktns->tx.last_pkt_num;
+
+  return nwrite;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_conn_write_single_frame_pkt(
+    ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi, uint8_t *dest, size_t destlen,
+    uint8_t type, uint8_t flags, const ngtcp2_cid *dcid, ngtcp2_frame *fr,
+    uint16_t rtb_entry_flags, const ngtcp2_path *path, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  int rv;
+  ngtcp2_ppe ppe;
+  ngtcp2_pkt_hd hd;
+  ngtcp2_frame lfr;
+  ngtcp2_ssize nwrite;
+  ngtcp2_crypto_cc cc;
+  ngtcp2_pktns *pktns;
+  uint8_t hd_flags;
+  ngtcp2_rtb_entry *rtbent;
+  int padded = 0;
+  const ngtcp2_cid *scid;
+  uint32_t version;
+
+  switch (type) {
+  case NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL:
+    pktns = conn->in_pktns;
+    hd_flags = conn_pkt_flags_long(conn);
+    scid = &conn->oscid;
+    version = conn->negotiated_version ? conn->negotiated_version
+                                       : conn->client_chosen_version;
+    if (version == conn->client_chosen_version) {
+      cc.ckm = pktns->crypto.tx.ckm;
+      cc.hp_ctx = pktns->crypto.tx.hp_ctx;
+    } else {
+      assert(version == conn->vneg.version);
+
+      cc.ckm = conn->vneg.tx.ckm;
+      cc.hp_ctx = conn->vneg.tx.hp_ctx;
+    }
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_PKT_HANDSHAKE:
+    pktns = conn->hs_pktns;
+    hd_flags = conn_pkt_flags_long(conn);
+    scid = &conn->oscid;
+    version = conn->negotiated_version;
+    cc.ckm = pktns->crypto.tx.ckm;
+    cc.hp_ctx = pktns->crypto.tx.hp_ctx;
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_PKT_1RTT:
+    pktns = &conn->pktns;
+    hd_flags = conn_pkt_flags_short(conn);
+    scid = NULL;
+    version = conn->negotiated_version;
+    cc.ckm = pktns->crypto.tx.ckm;
+    cc.hp_ctx = pktns->crypto.tx.hp_ctx;
+    break;
+  default:
+    /* We don't support 0-RTT packet in this function. */
+    ngtcp2_unreachable();
+  }
+
+  cc.aead = pktns->crypto.ctx.aead;
+  cc.hp = pktns->crypto.ctx.hp;
+  cc.encrypt = conn->callbacks.encrypt;
+  cc.hp_mask = conn->callbacks.hp_mask;
+
+  ngtcp2_pkt_hd_init(&hd, hd_flags, type, dcid, scid,
+                     pktns->tx.last_pkt_num + 1, pktns_select_pkt_numlen(pktns),
+                     version, 0);
+
+  ngtcp2_ppe_init(&ppe, dest, destlen, &cc);
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_ppe_encode_hd(&ppe, &hd);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    assert(NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF == rv);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (!ngtcp2_ppe_ensure_hp_sample(&ppe)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_log_tx_pkt_hd(&conn->log, &hd);
+  ngtcp2_qlog_pkt_sent_start(&conn->qlog);
+
+  rv = conn_ppe_write_frame(conn, &ppe, &hd, fr);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    assert(NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF == rv);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  lfr.type = NGTCP2_FRAME_PADDING;
+  if (flags & NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_REQUIRE_PADDING) {
+    lfr.padding.len = ngtcp2_ppe_padding(&ppe);
+  } else {
+    switch (fr->type) {
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_PATH_CHALLENGE:
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_PATH_RESPONSE:
+      if (!conn->server || destlen >= NGTCP2_MAX_UDP_PAYLOAD_SIZE) {
+        lfr.padding.len = ngtcp2_ppe_padding(&ppe);
+      } else {
+        lfr.padding.len = 0;
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      if (type == NGTCP2_PKT_1RTT) {
+        lfr.padding.len =
+            ngtcp2_ppe_padding_size(&ppe, conn_min_short_pktlen(conn));
+      } else {
+        lfr.padding.len = ngtcp2_ppe_padding_hp_sample(&ppe);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (lfr.padding.len) {
+    padded = 1;
+    ngtcp2_log_tx_fr(&conn->log, &hd, &lfr);
+    ngtcp2_qlog_write_frame(&conn->qlog, &lfr);
+  }
+
+  nwrite = ngtcp2_ppe_final(&ppe, NULL);
+  if (nwrite < 0) {
+    return nwrite;
+  }
+
+  if (type == NGTCP2_PKT_1RTT) {
+    ++cc.ckm->use_count;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_qlog_pkt_sent_end(&conn->qlog, &hd, (size_t)nwrite);
+
+  /* Do this when we are sure that there is no error. */
+  switch (fr->type) {
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK:
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK_ECN:
+    ngtcp2_acktr_commit_ack(&pktns->acktr);
+    ngtcp2_acktr_add_ack(&pktns->acktr, hd.pkt_num, fr->ack.largest_ack);
+    if (type == NGTCP2_PKT_1RTT) {
+      conn_handle_unconfirmed_key_update_from_remote(conn, fr->ack.largest_ack,
+                                                     ts);
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+
+  if (((rtb_entry_flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING) || padded) &&
+      (!path || ngtcp2_path_eq(&conn->dcid.current.ps.path, path))) {
+    if (pi && !(rtb_entry_flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PMTUD_PROBE)) {
+      conn_handle_tx_ecn(conn, pi, &rtb_entry_flags, pktns, &hd, ts);
+    }
+
+    rv = ngtcp2_rtb_entry_objalloc_new(&rtbent, &hd, NULL, ts, (size_t)nwrite,
+                                       rtb_entry_flags,
+                                       &conn->rtb_entry_objalloc);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    rv = conn_on_pkt_sent(conn, &pktns->rtb, rtbent);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      ngtcp2_rtb_entry_objalloc_del(rtbent, &conn->rtb_entry_objalloc,
+                                    &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    if (rtb_entry_flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING) {
+      if (conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_RESTART_IDLE_TIMER_ON_WRITE) {
+        conn_restart_timer_on_write(conn, ts);
+      }
+
+      if (pktns->rtb.probe_pkt_left && path &&
+          ngtcp2_path_eq(&conn->dcid.current.ps.path, path)) {
+        --pktns->rtb.probe_pkt_left;
+
+        ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_CON, "probe pkt size=%td",
+                        nwrite);
+      }
+    }
+  } else if (pi && !(rtb_entry_flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PMTUD_PROBE) &&
+             conn->tx.ecn.state == NGTCP2_ECN_STATE_CAPABLE) {
+    conn_handle_tx_ecn(conn, pi, NULL, pktns, &hd, ts);
+  }
+
+  if (path && ngtcp2_path_eq(&conn->dcid.current.ps.path, path)) {
+    conn_update_keep_alive_last_ts(conn, ts);
+  }
+
+  if (!padded) {
+    switch (fr->type) {
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK:
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK_ECN:
+      break;
+    default:
+      conn->tx.pacing.pktlen += (size_t)nwrite;
+    }
+  } else {
+    conn->tx.pacing.pktlen += (size_t)nwrite;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_qlog_metrics_updated(&conn->qlog, &conn->cstat);
+
+  ++pktns->tx.last_pkt_num;
+
+  return nwrite;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_process_early_rtb makes any pending 0RTT packet 1RTT packet.
+ */
+static void conn_process_early_rtb(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  ngtcp2_rtb_entry *ent;
+  ngtcp2_rtb *rtb = &conn->pktns.rtb;
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+
+  for (it = ngtcp2_rtb_head(rtb); !ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it);
+       ngtcp2_ksl_it_next(&it)) {
+    ent = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+
+    if ((ent->hd.flags & NGTCP2_PKT_FLAG_LONG_FORM) == 0 ||
+        ent->hd.type != NGTCP2_PKT_0RTT) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    /*  0-RTT packet is retransmitted as a 1RTT packet. */
+    ent->hd.flags &= (uint8_t)~NGTCP2_PKT_FLAG_LONG_FORM;
+    ent->hd.type = NGTCP2_PKT_1RTT;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_handshake_remnants_left returns nonzero if there may be
+ * handshake packets the local endpoint has to send, including new
+ * packets and lost ones.
+ */
+static int conn_handshake_remnants_left(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  ngtcp2_pktns *in_pktns = conn->in_pktns;
+  ngtcp2_pktns *hs_pktns = conn->hs_pktns;
+
+  return !conn_is_handshake_completed(conn) ||
+         (in_pktns && (in_pktns->rtb.num_pto_eliciting ||
+                       ngtcp2_ksl_len(&in_pktns->crypto.tx.frq))) ||
+         (hs_pktns && (hs_pktns->rtb.num_pto_eliciting ||
+                       ngtcp2_ksl_len(&hs_pktns->crypto.tx.frq)));
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_retire_dcid_seq retires destination connection ID denoted by
+ * |seq|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CONNECTION_ID_LIMIT
+ *     The number of unacknowledged retirement exceeds the limit.
+ */
+static int conn_retire_dcid_seq(ngtcp2_conn *conn, uint64_t seq) {
+  ngtcp2_pktns *pktns = &conn->pktns;
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain *nfrc;
+  int rv;
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_conn_track_retired_dcid_seq(conn, seq);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_new(&nfrc, &conn->frc_objalloc);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  nfrc->fr.type = NGTCP2_FRAME_RETIRE_CONNECTION_ID;
+  nfrc->fr.retire_connection_id.seq = seq;
+  nfrc->next = pktns->tx.frq;
+  pktns->tx.frq = nfrc;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_retire_dcid retires |dcid|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory
+ */
+static int conn_retire_dcid(ngtcp2_conn *conn, const ngtcp2_dcid *dcid,
+                            ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_ringbuf *rb = &conn->dcid.retired.rb;
+  ngtcp2_dcid *dest, *stale_dcid;
+  int rv;
+
+  assert(dcid->cid.datalen);
+
+  if (ngtcp2_ringbuf_full(rb)) {
+    stale_dcid = ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(rb, 0);
+    rv = conn_call_deactivate_dcid(conn, stale_dcid);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    ngtcp2_ringbuf_pop_front(rb);
+  }
+
+  dest = ngtcp2_ringbuf_push_back(rb);
+  ngtcp2_dcid_copy(dest, dcid);
+  dest->retired_ts = ts;
+
+  return conn_retire_dcid_seq(conn, dcid->seq);
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_bind_dcid stores the DCID to |*pdcid| bound to |path|.  If
+ * such DCID is not found, bind the new DCID to |path| and stores it
+ * to |*pdcid|.  If a remote endpoint uses zero-length connection ID,
+ * the pointer to conn->dcid.current is assigned to |*pdcid|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CONN_ID_BLOCKED
+ *     No unused DCID is available
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory
+ */
+static int conn_bind_dcid(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_dcid **pdcid,
+                          const ngtcp2_path *path, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_dcid *dcid, *ndcid;
+  ngtcp2_cid cid;
+  size_t i, len;
+  int rv;
+
+  assert(!ngtcp2_path_eq(&conn->dcid.current.ps.path, path));
+  assert(!conn->pv || !ngtcp2_path_eq(&conn->pv->dcid.ps.path, path));
+  assert(!conn->pv || !(conn->pv->flags & NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_FALLBACK_ON_FAILURE) ||
+         !ngtcp2_path_eq(&conn->pv->fallback_dcid.ps.path, path));
+
+  len = ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(&conn->dcid.bound.rb);
+  for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+    dcid = ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(&conn->dcid.bound.rb, i);
+
+    if (ngtcp2_path_eq(&dcid->ps.path, path)) {
+      *pdcid = dcid;
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (conn->dcid.current.cid.datalen == 0) {
+    ndcid = ngtcp2_ringbuf_push_back(&conn->dcid.bound.rb);
+    ngtcp2_cid_zero(&cid);
+    ngtcp2_dcid_init(ndcid, ++conn->dcid.zerolen_seq, &cid, NULL);
+    ngtcp2_dcid_set_path(ndcid, path);
+
+    *pdcid = ndcid;
+
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(&conn->dcid.unused.rb) == 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CONN_ID_BLOCKED;
+  }
+
+  if (ngtcp2_ringbuf_full(&conn->dcid.bound.rb)) {
+    dcid = ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(&conn->dcid.bound.rb, 0);
+    rv = conn_retire_dcid(conn, dcid, ts);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+  }
+
+  dcid = ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(&conn->dcid.unused.rb, 0);
+  ndcid = ngtcp2_ringbuf_push_back(&conn->dcid.bound.rb);
+
+  ngtcp2_dcid_copy(ndcid, dcid);
+  ndcid->bound_ts = ts;
+  ngtcp2_dcid_set_path(ndcid, path);
+
+  ngtcp2_ringbuf_pop_front(&conn->dcid.unused.rb);
+
+  *pdcid = ndcid;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int conn_start_pmtud(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  int rv;
+  size_t hard_max_udp_payload_size;
+
+  assert(!conn->local.settings.no_pmtud);
+  assert(!conn->pmtud);
+  assert(conn_is_handshake_completed(conn));
+  assert(conn->remote.transport_params);
+  assert(conn->remote.transport_params->max_udp_payload_size >=
+         NGTCP2_MAX_UDP_PAYLOAD_SIZE);
+
+  hard_max_udp_payload_size = (size_t)ngtcp2_min(
+      conn->remote.transport_params->max_udp_payload_size,
+      (uint64_t)conn->local.settings.max_tx_udp_payload_size);
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_pmtud_new(&conn->pmtud, conn->dcid.current.max_udp_payload_size,
+                        hard_max_udp_payload_size,
+                        conn->pktns.tx.last_pkt_num + 1, conn->mem);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  if (ngtcp2_pmtud_finished(conn->pmtud)) {
+    ngtcp2_conn_stop_pmtud(conn);
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_start_pmtud(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  return conn_start_pmtud(conn);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_conn_stop_pmtud(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  if (!conn->pmtud) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_pmtud_del(conn->pmtud);
+
+  conn->pmtud = NULL;
+}
+
+static ngtcp2_ssize conn_write_pmtud_probe(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                           ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi, uint8_t *dest,
+                                           size_t destlen, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  size_t probelen;
+  ngtcp2_ssize nwrite;
+  ngtcp2_frame lfr;
+
+  assert(conn->pmtud);
+  assert(!ngtcp2_pmtud_finished(conn->pmtud));
+
+  if (!ngtcp2_pmtud_require_probe(conn->pmtud)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  probelen = ngtcp2_pmtud_probelen(conn->pmtud);
+  if (probelen > destlen) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_CON,
+                  "sending PMTUD probe packet len=%zu", probelen);
+
+  lfr.type = NGTCP2_FRAME_PING;
+
+  nwrite = ngtcp2_conn_write_single_frame_pkt(
+      conn, pi, dest, probelen, NGTCP2_PKT_1RTT,
+      NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_REQUIRE_PADDING, &conn->dcid.current.cid, &lfr,
+      NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING |
+          NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PTO_ELICITING |
+          NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PMTUD_PROBE,
+      NULL, ts);
+  if (nwrite < 0) {
+    return nwrite;
+  }
+
+  assert(nwrite);
+
+  ngtcp2_pmtud_probe_sent(conn->pmtud, conn_compute_pto(conn, &conn->pktns),
+                          ts);
+
+  return nwrite;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_stop_pv stops the path validation which is currently running.
+ * This function does nothing if no path validation is currently being
+ * performed.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory
+ */
+static int conn_stop_pv(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  int rv = 0;
+  ngtcp2_pv *pv = conn->pv;
+
+  if (pv == NULL) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (pv->dcid.cid.datalen && pv->dcid.seq != conn->dcid.current.seq) {
+    rv = conn_retire_dcid(conn, &pv->dcid, ts);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      goto fin;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if ((pv->flags & NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_FALLBACK_ON_FAILURE) &&
+      pv->fallback_dcid.cid.datalen &&
+      pv->fallback_dcid.seq != conn->dcid.current.seq &&
+      pv->fallback_dcid.seq != pv->dcid.seq) {
+    rv = conn_retire_dcid(conn, &pv->fallback_dcid, ts);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      goto fin;
+    }
+  }
+
+fin:
+  ngtcp2_pv_del(pv);
+  conn->pv = NULL;
+
+  return rv;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_abort_pv aborts the current path validation and frees
+ * resources allocated for it.  This function assumes that conn->pv is
+ * not NULL.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User-defined callback function failed.
+ */
+static int conn_abort_pv(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_pv *pv = conn->pv;
+  int rv;
+
+  assert(pv);
+
+  if (!(pv->flags & NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_DONT_CARE)) {
+    rv = conn_call_path_validation(conn, pv,
+                                   NGTCP2_PATH_VALIDATION_RESULT_ABORTED);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return conn_stop_pv(conn, ts);
+}
+
+static size_t conn_shape_udp_payload(ngtcp2_conn *conn, const ngtcp2_dcid *dcid,
+                                     size_t payloadlen) {
+  if (conn->remote.transport_params &&
+      conn->remote.transport_params->max_udp_payload_size) {
+    assert(conn->remote.transport_params->max_udp_payload_size >=
+           NGTCP2_MAX_UDP_PAYLOAD_SIZE);
+
+    payloadlen =
+        (size_t)ngtcp2_min((uint64_t)payloadlen,
+                           conn->remote.transport_params->max_udp_payload_size);
+  }
+
+  payloadlen =
+      ngtcp2_min(payloadlen, conn->local.settings.max_tx_udp_payload_size);
+
+  if (conn->local.settings.no_tx_udp_payload_size_shaping) {
+    return payloadlen;
+  }
+
+  return ngtcp2_min(payloadlen, dcid->max_udp_payload_size);
+}
+
+static void conn_reset_congestion_state(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+/*
+ * conn_on_path_validation_failed is called when path validation
+ * fails.  This function may delete |pv|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User-defined callback function failed.
+ */
+static int conn_on_path_validation_failed(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_pv *pv,
+                                          ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  int rv;
+
+  if (!(pv->flags & NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_DONT_CARE)) {
+    rv = conn_call_path_validation(conn, pv,
+                                   NGTCP2_PATH_VALIDATION_RESULT_FAILURE);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (pv->flags & NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_MTU_PROBE) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NO_VIABLE_PATH;
+  }
+
+  if (pv->flags & NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_FALLBACK_ON_FAILURE) {
+    ngtcp2_dcid_copy(&conn->dcid.current, &pv->fallback_dcid);
+    conn_reset_congestion_state(conn, ts);
+  }
+
+  return conn_stop_pv(conn, ts);
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_write_path_challenge writes a packet which includes
+ * PATH_CHALLENGE frame into |dest| of length |destlen|.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes written to |dest|, or one
+ * of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User-defined callback function failed.
+ */
+static ngtcp2_ssize conn_write_path_challenge(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                              ngtcp2_path *path,
+                                              ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi,
+                                              uint8_t *dest, size_t destlen,
+                                              ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_ssize nwrite;
+  ngtcp2_tstamp expiry;
+  ngtcp2_pv *pv = conn->pv;
+  ngtcp2_frame lfr;
+  ngtcp2_duration timeout;
+  uint8_t flags;
+  uint64_t tx_left;
+  int rv;
+
+  if (ngtcp2_pv_validation_timed_out(pv, ts)) {
+    ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PTV,
+                    "path validation was timed out");
+    rv = conn_on_path_validation_failed(conn, pv, ts);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    /* We might set path to the one which we just failed validate.
+       Set it to the current path here. */
+    if (path) {
+      ngtcp2_path_copy(path, &conn->dcid.current.ps.path);
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_pv_handle_entry_expiry(pv, ts);
+
+  if (!ngtcp2_pv_should_send_probe(pv)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  rv = conn_call_get_path_challenge_data(conn, lfr.path_challenge.data);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  lfr.type = NGTCP2_FRAME_PATH_CHALLENGE;
+
+  timeout = conn_compute_pto(conn, &conn->pktns);
+  timeout = ngtcp2_max(timeout, 3 * conn->cstat.initial_rtt);
+  expiry = ts + timeout * (1ULL << pv->round);
+
+  destlen = ngtcp2_min(destlen, NGTCP2_MAX_UDP_PAYLOAD_SIZE);
+
+  if (conn->server) {
+    if (!(pv->dcid.flags & NGTCP2_DCID_FLAG_PATH_VALIDATED)) {
+      tx_left = conn_server_tx_left(conn, &pv->dcid);
+      destlen = (size_t)ngtcp2_min((uint64_t)destlen, tx_left);
+      if (destlen == 0) {
+        return 0;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (destlen < NGTCP2_MAX_UDP_PAYLOAD_SIZE) {
+      flags = NGTCP2_PV_ENTRY_FLAG_UNDERSIZED;
+    } else {
+      flags = NGTCP2_PV_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE;
+    }
+  } else {
+    flags = NGTCP2_PV_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_pv_add_entry(pv, lfr.path_challenge.data, expiry, flags, ts);
+
+  nwrite = ngtcp2_conn_write_single_frame_pkt(
+      conn, pi, dest, destlen, NGTCP2_PKT_1RTT, NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_NONE,
+      &pv->dcid.cid, &lfr,
+      NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING | NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PTO_ELICITING,
+      &pv->dcid.ps.path, ts);
+  if (nwrite <= 0) {
+    return nwrite;
+  }
+
+  if (path) {
+    ngtcp2_path_copy(path, &pv->dcid.ps.path);
+  }
+
+  if (ngtcp2_path_eq(&pv->dcid.ps.path, &conn->dcid.current.ps.path)) {
+    conn->dcid.current.bytes_sent += (uint64_t)nwrite;
+  } else {
+    pv->dcid.bytes_sent += (uint64_t)nwrite;
+  }
+
+  return nwrite;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_write_path_response writes a packet which includes
+ * PATH_RESPONSE frame into |dest| of length |destlen|.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes written to |dest|, or one
+ * of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User-defined callback function failed.
+ */
+static ngtcp2_ssize conn_write_path_response(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                             ngtcp2_path *path,
+                                             ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi, uint8_t *dest,
+                                             size_t destlen, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_pv *pv = conn->pv;
+  ngtcp2_path_challenge_entry *pcent = NULL;
+  ngtcp2_dcid *dcid = NULL;
+  ngtcp2_frame lfr;
+  ngtcp2_ssize nwrite;
+  int rv;
+  uint64_t tx_left;
+
+  for (; ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(&conn->rx.path_challenge.rb);) {
+    pcent = ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(&conn->rx.path_challenge.rb, 0);
+
+    if (ngtcp2_path_eq(&conn->dcid.current.ps.path, &pcent->ps.path)) {
+      /* Send PATH_RESPONSE from conn_write_pkt. */
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (pv) {
+      if (ngtcp2_path_eq(&pv->dcid.ps.path, &pcent->ps.path)) {
+        dcid = &pv->dcid;
+        break;
+      }
+      if ((pv->flags & NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_FALLBACK_ON_FAILURE) &&
+          ngtcp2_path_eq(&pv->fallback_dcid.ps.path, &pcent->ps.path)) {
+        dcid = &pv->fallback_dcid;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (conn->server) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    /* Client does not expect to respond to path validation against
+       unknown path */
+    ngtcp2_ringbuf_pop_front(&conn->rx.path_challenge.rb);
+    pcent = NULL;
+  }
+
+  if (pcent == NULL) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (dcid == NULL) {
+    /* client is expected to have |path| in conn->dcid.current or
+       conn->pv. */
+    assert(conn->server);
+
+    rv = conn_bind_dcid(conn, &dcid, &pcent->ps.path, ts);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      if (ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv)) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  destlen = ngtcp2_min(destlen, NGTCP2_MAX_UDP_PAYLOAD_SIZE);
+
+  if (conn->server && !(dcid->flags & NGTCP2_DCID_FLAG_PATH_VALIDATED)) {
+    tx_left = conn_server_tx_left(conn, dcid);
+    destlen = (size_t)ngtcp2_min((uint64_t)destlen, tx_left);
+    if (destlen == 0) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  lfr.type = NGTCP2_FRAME_PATH_RESPONSE;
+  memcpy(lfr.path_response.data, pcent->data, sizeof(lfr.path_response.data));
+
+  nwrite = ngtcp2_conn_write_single_frame_pkt(
+      conn, pi, dest, destlen, NGTCP2_PKT_1RTT, NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_NONE,
+      &dcid->cid, &lfr, NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING, &pcent->ps.path,
+      ts);
+  if (nwrite <= 0) {
+    return nwrite;
+  }
+
+  if (path) {
+    ngtcp2_path_copy(path, &pcent->ps.path);
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_ringbuf_pop_front(&conn->rx.path_challenge.rb);
+
+  dcid->bytes_sent += (uint64_t)nwrite;
+
+  return nwrite;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_conn_write_pkt_versioned(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                             ngtcp2_path *path,
+                                             int pkt_info_version,
+                                             ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi, uint8_t *dest,
+                                             size_t destlen, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  return ngtcp2_conn_writev_stream_versioned(
+      conn, path, pkt_info_version, pi, dest, destlen,
+      /* pdatalen = */ NULL, NGTCP2_WRITE_STREAM_FLAG_NONE,
+      /* stream_id = */ -1,
+      /* datav = */ NULL, /* datavcnt = */ 0, ts);
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_on_version_negotiation is called when Version Negotiation
+ * packet is received.  The function decodes the data in the buffer
+ * pointed by |payload| whose length is |payloadlen| as Version
+ * Negotiation packet payload.  The packet header is given in |hd|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User-defined callback function failed.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT
+ *     Packet payload is badly formatted.
+ */
+static int conn_on_version_negotiation(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                       const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                                       const uint8_t *payload,
+                                       size_t payloadlen) {
+  uint32_t sv[16];
+  uint32_t *p;
+  int rv = 0;
+  size_t nsv;
+  size_t i;
+
+  if (payloadlen % sizeof(uint32_t)) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+
+  /* Version Negotiation packet is ignored if client has reacted upon
+     Version Negotiation packet. */
+  if (conn->local.settings.original_version != conn->client_chosen_version) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+
+  if (payloadlen > sizeof(sv)) {
+    p = ngtcp2_mem_malloc(conn->mem, payloadlen);
+    if (p == NULL) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+    }
+  } else {
+    p = sv;
+  }
+
+  nsv = ngtcp2_pkt_decode_version_negotiation(p, payload, payloadlen);
+
+  ngtcp2_log_rx_vn(&conn->log, hd, p, nsv);
+
+  ngtcp2_qlog_version_negotiation_pkt_received(&conn->qlog, hd, p, nsv);
+
+  if (!ngtcp2_is_reserved_version(conn->local.settings.original_version)) {
+    for (i = 0; i < nsv; ++i) {
+      if (p[i] == conn->local.settings.original_version) {
+        ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                        "ignore Version Negotiation because it contains the "
+                        "original version");
+
+        rv = NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+        goto fin;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  rv = conn_call_recv_version_negotiation(conn, hd, p, nsv);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    goto fin;
+  }
+
+fin:
+  if (p != sv) {
+    ngtcp2_mem_free(conn->mem, p);
+  }
+
+  return rv;
+}
+
+static uint64_t conn_tx_strmq_first_cycle(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  ngtcp2_strm *strm;
+
+  if (ngtcp2_pq_empty(&conn->tx.strmq)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  strm = ngtcp2_struct_of(ngtcp2_pq_top(&conn->tx.strmq), ngtcp2_strm, pe);
+  return strm->cycle;
+}
+
+uint64_t ngtcp2_conn_tx_strmq_first_cycle(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  ngtcp2_strm *strm;
+
+  if (ngtcp2_pq_empty(&conn->tx.strmq)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  strm = ngtcp2_struct_of(ngtcp2_pq_top(&conn->tx.strmq), ngtcp2_strm, pe);
+  return strm->cycle;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_resched_frames(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_pktns *pktns,
+                               ngtcp2_frame_chain **pfrc) {
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain **first = pfrc;
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain *frc;
+  ngtcp2_stream *sfr;
+  ngtcp2_strm *strm;
+  int rv;
+  int streamfrq_empty;
+
+  if (*pfrc == NULL) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  for (; *pfrc;) {
+    switch ((*pfrc)->fr.type) {
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAM:
+      frc = *pfrc;
+
+      *pfrc = frc->next;
+      frc->next = NULL;
+      sfr = &frc->fr.stream;
+
+      strm = ngtcp2_conn_find_stream(conn, sfr->stream_id);
+      if (!strm) {
+        ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+        break;
+      }
+      streamfrq_empty = ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_empty(strm);
+      rv = ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_push(strm, frc);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+        return rv;
+      }
+      if (!ngtcp2_strm_is_tx_queued(strm)) {
+        strm->cycle = conn_tx_strmq_first_cycle(conn);
+        rv = ngtcp2_conn_tx_strmq_push(conn, strm);
+        if (rv != 0) {
+          return rv;
+        }
+      }
+      if (streamfrq_empty) {
+        ++conn->tx.strmq_nretrans;
+      }
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_CRYPTO:
+      frc = *pfrc;
+
+      *pfrc = frc->next;
+      frc->next = NULL;
+
+      rv = ngtcp2_ksl_insert(&pktns->crypto.tx.frq, NULL,
+                             &frc->fr.crypto.offset, frc);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv));
+        ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+        return rv;
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      pfrc = &(*pfrc)->next;
+    }
+  }
+
+  *pfrc = pktns->tx.frq;
+  pktns->tx.frq = *first;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_on_retry is called when Retry packet is received.  The
+ * function decodes the data in the buffer pointed by |pkt| whose
+ * length is |pktlen| as Retry packet.  The length of long packet
+ * header is given in |hdpktlen|.  |pkt| includes packet header.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User-defined callback function failed.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT
+ *     Packet payload is badly formatted.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO
+ *     ODCID does not match; or Token is empty.
+ */
+static int conn_on_retry(ngtcp2_conn *conn, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                         size_t hdpktlen, const uint8_t *pkt, size_t pktlen,
+                         ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  int rv;
+  ngtcp2_pkt_retry retry;
+  ngtcp2_pktns *in_pktns = conn->in_pktns;
+  ngtcp2_rtb *rtb = &conn->pktns.rtb;
+  ngtcp2_rtb *in_rtb;
+  uint8_t cidbuf[sizeof(retry.odcid.data) * 2 + 1];
+  uint8_t *token;
+
+  if (!in_pktns || conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_RECV_RETRY) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  in_rtb = &in_pktns->rtb;
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_pkt_decode_retry(&retry, pkt + hdpktlen, pktlen - hdpktlen);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  retry.odcid = conn->dcid.current.cid;
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_pkt_verify_retry_tag(
+      conn->client_chosen_version, &retry, pkt, pktlen, conn->callbacks.encrypt,
+      &conn->crypto.retry_aead, &conn->crypto.retry_aead_ctx);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                    "unable to verify Retry packet integrity");
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT, "odcid=0x%s",
+                  (const char *)ngtcp2_encode_hex(cidbuf, retry.odcid.data,
+                                                  retry.odcid.datalen));
+
+  if (retry.tokenlen == 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO;
+  }
+
+  if (ngtcp2_cid_eq(&conn->dcid.current.cid, &hd->scid)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_qlog_retry_pkt_received(&conn->qlog, hd, &retry);
+
+  /* DCID must be updated before invoking callback because client
+     generates new initial keys there. */
+  conn->dcid.current.cid = hd->scid;
+  conn->retry_scid = hd->scid;
+
+  conn->flags |= NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_RECV_RETRY;
+
+  rv = conn_call_recv_retry(conn, hd);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  conn->state = NGTCP2_CS_CLIENT_INITIAL;
+
+  /* Just freeing memory is dangerous because we might free twice. */
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_rtb_remove_all(rtb, conn, &conn->pktns, &conn->cstat);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_rtb_remove_all(in_rtb, conn, in_pktns, &conn->cstat);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_mem_free(conn->mem, (uint8_t *)conn->local.settings.token);
+  conn->local.settings.token = NULL;
+  conn->local.settings.tokenlen = 0;
+
+  token = ngtcp2_mem_malloc(conn->mem, retry.tokenlen);
+  if (token == NULL) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_cpymem(token, retry.token, retry.tokenlen);
+
+  conn->local.settings.token = token;
+  conn->local.settings.tokenlen = retry.tokenlen;
+
+  reset_conn_stat_recovery(&conn->cstat);
+  conn_reset_congestion_state(conn, ts);
+  conn_reset_ecn_validation_state(conn);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_detect_lost_pkt(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_pktns *pktns,
+                                ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  return ngtcp2_rtb_detect_lost_pkt(&pktns->rtb, conn, pktns, cstat, ts);
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_recv_ack processes received ACK frame |fr|.  |pkt_ts| is the
+ * timestamp when packet is received.  |ts| should be the current
+ * time.  Usually they are the same, but for buffered packets,
+ * |pkt_ts| would be earlier than |ts|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_ACK_FRAME
+ *     ACK frame is malformed.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO
+ *     |fr| acknowledges a packet this endpoint has not sent.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User callback failed.
+ */
+static int conn_recv_ack(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_pktns *pktns, ngtcp2_ack *fr,
+                         ngtcp2_tstamp pkt_ts, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  int rv;
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain *frc = NULL;
+  ngtcp2_ssize num_acked;
+  ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat = &conn->cstat;
+
+  if (pktns->tx.last_pkt_num < fr->largest_ack) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO;
+  }
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_pkt_validate_ack(fr);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_acktr_recv_ack(&pktns->acktr, fr);
+
+  num_acked = ngtcp2_rtb_recv_ack(&pktns->rtb, fr, &conn->cstat, conn, pktns,
+                                  pkt_ts, ts);
+  if (num_acked < 0) {
+    /* TODO assert this */
+    assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal((int)num_acked));
+    ngtcp2_frame_chain_list_objalloc_del(frc, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+    return (int)num_acked;
+  }
+
+  if (num_acked == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  pktns->rtb.probe_pkt_left = 0;
+
+  if (cstat->pto_count &&
+      (conn->server || (conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_SERVER_ADDR_VERIFIED))) {
+    /* Reset PTO count but no less than 2 to avoid frequent probe
+       packet transmission. */
+    cstat->pto_count = ngtcp2_min(cstat->pto_count, 2);
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_conn_set_loss_detection_timer(conn, ts);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_assign_recved_ack_delay_unscaled assigns
+ * fr->ack_delay_unscaled.
+ */
+static void assign_recved_ack_delay_unscaled(ngtcp2_ack *fr,
+                                             uint64_t ack_delay_exponent) {
+  fr->ack_delay_unscaled =
+      fr->ack_delay * (1ULL << ack_delay_exponent) * NGTCP2_MICROSECONDS;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_recv_max_stream_data processes received MAX_STREAM_DATA frame
+ * |fr|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_STATE
+ *     Stream ID indicates that it is a local stream, and the local
+ *     endpoint has not initiated it; or stream is peer initiated
+ *     unidirectional stream.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_LIMIT
+ *     Stream ID exceeds allowed limit.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ */
+static int conn_recv_max_stream_data(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                     const ngtcp2_max_stream_data *fr) {
+  ngtcp2_strm *strm;
+  ngtcp2_idtr *idtr;
+  int local_stream = conn_local_stream(conn, fr->stream_id);
+  int bidi = bidi_stream(fr->stream_id);
+  int rv;
+
+  if (bidi) {
+    if (local_stream) {
+      if (conn->local.bidi.next_stream_id <= fr->stream_id) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_STATE;
+      }
+    } else if (conn->remote.bidi.max_streams <
+               ngtcp2_ord_stream_id(fr->stream_id)) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_LIMIT;
+    }
+
+    idtr = &conn->remote.bidi.idtr;
+  } else {
+    if (!local_stream || conn->local.uni.next_stream_id <= fr->stream_id) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_STATE;
+    }
+
+    idtr = &conn->remote.uni.idtr;
+  }
+
+  strm = ngtcp2_conn_find_stream(conn, fr->stream_id);
+  if (strm == NULL) {
+    if (local_stream) {
+      /* Stream has been closed. */
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    rv = ngtcp2_idtr_open(idtr, fr->stream_id);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      if (ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv)) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      assert(rv == NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_IN_USE);
+      /* Stream has been closed. */
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    strm = ngtcp2_objalloc_strm_get(&conn->strm_objalloc);
+    if (strm == NULL) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+    }
+    rv = ngtcp2_conn_init_stream(conn, strm, fr->stream_id, NULL);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      ngtcp2_objalloc_strm_release(&conn->strm_objalloc, strm);
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    rv = conn_call_stream_open(conn, strm);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (strm->tx.max_offset < fr->max_stream_data) {
+    strm->tx.max_offset = fr->max_stream_data;
+
+    /* Don't call callback if stream is half-closed local */
+    if (strm->flags & NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SHUT_WR) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    rv = conn_call_extend_max_stream_data(conn, strm, fr->stream_id,
+                                          fr->max_stream_data);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_recv_max_data processes received MAX_DATA frame |fr|.
+ */
+static void conn_recv_max_data(ngtcp2_conn *conn, const ngtcp2_max_data *fr) {
+  conn->tx.max_offset = ngtcp2_max(conn->tx.max_offset, fr->max_data);
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_buffer_pkt buffers |pkt| of length |pktlen|, chaining it from
+ * |*ppc|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ */
+static int conn_buffer_pkt(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_pktns *pktns,
+                           const ngtcp2_path *path, const ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi,
+                           const uint8_t *pkt, size_t pktlen, size_t dgramlen,
+                           ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  int rv;
+  ngtcp2_pkt_chain **ppc = &pktns->rx.buffed_pkts, *pc;
+  size_t i;
+  for (i = 0; *ppc && i < NGTCP2_MAX_NUM_BUFFED_RX_PKTS;
+       ppc = &(*ppc)->next, ++i)
+    ;
+
+  if (i == NGTCP2_MAX_NUM_BUFFED_RX_PKTS) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  rv =
+      ngtcp2_pkt_chain_new(&pc, path, pi, pkt, pktlen, dgramlen, ts, conn->mem);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  *ppc = pc;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int ensure_decrypt_buffer(ngtcp2_vec *vec, size_t n, size_t initial,
+                                 const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  uint8_t *nbuf;
+  size_t len;
+
+  if (vec->len >= n) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  len = vec->len == 0 ? initial : vec->len * 2;
+  for (; len < n; len *= 2)
+    ;
+  nbuf = ngtcp2_mem_realloc(mem, vec->base, len);
+  if (nbuf == NULL) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+  }
+  vec->base = nbuf;
+  vec->len = len;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_ensure_decrypt_hp_buffer ensures that
+ * conn->crypto.decrypt_hp_buf has at least |n| bytes space.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ */
+static int conn_ensure_decrypt_hp_buffer(ngtcp2_conn *conn, size_t n) {
+  return ensure_decrypt_buffer(&conn->crypto.decrypt_hp_buf, n, 256, conn->mem);
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_ensure_decrypt_buffer ensures that conn->crypto.decrypt_buf
+ * has at least |n| bytes space.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ */
+static int conn_ensure_decrypt_buffer(ngtcp2_conn *conn, size_t n) {
+  return ensure_decrypt_buffer(&conn->crypto.decrypt_buf, n, 2048, conn->mem);
+}
+
+/*
+ * decrypt_pkt decrypts the data pointed by |payload| whose length is
+ * |payloadlen|, and writes plaintext data to the buffer pointed by
+ * |dest|.  The buffer pointed by |aad| is the Additional
+ * Authenticated Data, and its length is |aadlen|.  |pkt_num| is used
+ * to create a nonce.  |ckm| is the cryptographic key, and iv to use.
+ * |decrypt| is a callback function which actually decrypts a packet.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes written in |dest| if it
+ * succeeds, or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User callback failed.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_DECRYPT
+ *     Failed to decrypt a packet.
+ */
+static ngtcp2_ssize decrypt_pkt(uint8_t *dest, const ngtcp2_crypto_aead *aead,
+                                const uint8_t *payload, size_t payloadlen,
+                                const uint8_t *aad, size_t aadlen,
+                                int64_t pkt_num, ngtcp2_crypto_km *ckm,
+                                ngtcp2_decrypt decrypt) {
+  /* TODO nonce is limited to 64 bytes. */
+  uint8_t nonce[64];
+  int rv;
+
+  assert(sizeof(nonce) >= ckm->iv.len);
+
+  ngtcp2_crypto_create_nonce(nonce, ckm->iv.base, ckm->iv.len, pkt_num);
+
+  rv = decrypt(dest, aead, &ckm->aead_ctx, payload, payloadlen, nonce,
+               ckm->iv.len, aad, aadlen);
+
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    if (rv == NGTCP2_ERR_DECRYPT) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  assert(payloadlen >= aead->max_overhead);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)(payloadlen - aead->max_overhead);
+}
+
+/*
+ * decrypt_hp decryptes packet header.  The packet number starts at
+ * |pkt| + |pkt_num_offset|.  The entire plaintext QUIC packet header
+ * will be written to the buffer pointed by |dest| whose capacity is
+ * |destlen|.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes written to |dest|, or one
+ * of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO
+ *     Packet is badly formatted
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User-defined callback function failed; or it does not return
+ *     expected result.
+ */
+static ngtcp2_ssize
+decrypt_hp(ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd, uint8_t *dest, const ngtcp2_crypto_cipher *hp,
+           const uint8_t *pkt, size_t pktlen, size_t pkt_num_offset,
+           const ngtcp2_crypto_cipher_ctx *hp_ctx, ngtcp2_hp_mask hp_mask) {
+  size_t sample_offset;
+  uint8_t *p = dest;
+  uint8_t mask[NGTCP2_HP_SAMPLELEN];
+  size_t i;
+  int rv;
+
+  assert(hp_mask);
+
+  if (pkt_num_offset + 4 + NGTCP2_HP_SAMPLELEN > pktlen) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO;
+  }
+
+  p = ngtcp2_cpymem(p, pkt, pkt_num_offset);
+
+  sample_offset = pkt_num_offset + 4;
+
+  rv = hp_mask(mask, hp, hp_ctx, pkt + sample_offset);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  if (hd->flags & NGTCP2_PKT_FLAG_LONG_FORM) {
+    dest[0] = (uint8_t)(dest[0] ^ (mask[0] & 0x0f));
+  } else {
+    dest[0] = (uint8_t)(dest[0] ^ (mask[0] & 0x1f));
+    if (dest[0] & NGTCP2_SHORT_KEY_PHASE_BIT) {
+      hd->flags |= NGTCP2_PKT_FLAG_KEY_PHASE;
+    }
+  }
+
+  hd->pkt_numlen = (size_t)((dest[0] & NGTCP2_PKT_NUMLEN_MASK) + 1);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < hd->pkt_numlen; ++i) {
+    *p++ = *(pkt + pkt_num_offset + i) ^ mask[i + 1];
+  }
+
+  hd->pkt_num = ngtcp2_get_pkt_num(p - hd->pkt_numlen, hd->pkt_numlen);
+
+  return p - dest;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_emit_pending_crypto_data delivers pending stream data to the
+ * application due to packet reordering.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User callback failed
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CRYPTO
+ *     TLS backend reported error
+ */
+static int conn_emit_pending_crypto_data(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                         ngtcp2_crypto_level crypto_level,
+                                         ngtcp2_strm *strm,
+                                         uint64_t rx_offset) {
+  size_t datalen;
+  const uint8_t *data;
+  int rv;
+  uint64_t offset;
+
+  if (!strm->rx.rob) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  for (;;) {
+    datalen = ngtcp2_rob_data_at(strm->rx.rob, &data, rx_offset);
+    if (datalen == 0) {
+      assert(rx_offset == ngtcp2_strm_rx_offset(strm));
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    offset = rx_offset;
+    rx_offset += datalen;
+
+    rv = conn_call_recv_crypto_data(conn, crypto_level, offset, data, datalen);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    ngtcp2_rob_pop(strm->rx.rob, rx_offset - datalen, datalen);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_recv_connection_close is called when CONNECTION_CLOSE or
+ * APPLICATION_CLOSE frame is received.
+ */
+static int conn_recv_connection_close(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                      ngtcp2_connection_close *fr) {
+  ngtcp2_connection_close_error *ccerr = &conn->rx.ccerr;
+
+  conn->state = NGTCP2_CS_DRAINING;
+  if (fr->type == NGTCP2_FRAME_CONNECTION_CLOSE) {
+    ccerr->type = NGTCP2_CONNECTION_CLOSE_ERROR_CODE_TYPE_TRANSPORT;
+  } else {
+    ccerr->type = NGTCP2_CONNECTION_CLOSE_ERROR_CODE_TYPE_APPLICATION;
+  }
+  ccerr->error_code = fr->error_code;
+  ccerr->frame_type = fr->frame_type;
+
+  if (!fr->reasonlen) {
+    ccerr->reasonlen = 0;
+
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (ccerr->reason == NULL) {
+    ccerr->reason = ngtcp2_mem_malloc(
+        conn->mem, NGTCP2_CONNECTION_CLOSE_ERROR_MAX_REASONLEN);
+    if (ccerr->reason == NULL) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+    }
+  }
+
+  ccerr->reasonlen =
+      ngtcp2_min(fr->reasonlen, NGTCP2_CONNECTION_CLOSE_ERROR_MAX_REASONLEN);
+  ngtcp2_cpymem((uint8_t *)ccerr->reason, fr->reason, ccerr->reasonlen);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static void conn_recv_path_challenge(ngtcp2_conn *conn, const ngtcp2_path *path,
+                                     ngtcp2_path_challenge *fr) {
+  ngtcp2_path_challenge_entry *ent;
+
+  /* client only responds to PATH_CHALLENGE from the current path or
+     path which client is migrating to. */
+  if (!conn->server && !ngtcp2_path_eq(&conn->dcid.current.ps.path, path) &&
+      (!conn->pv || !ngtcp2_path_eq(&conn->pv->dcid.ps.path, path))) {
+    ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_CON,
+                    "discard PATH_CHALLENGE from the path which is not current "
+                    "or endpoint is migrating to");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ent = ngtcp2_ringbuf_push_front(&conn->rx.path_challenge.rb);
+  ngtcp2_path_challenge_entry_init(ent, path, fr->data);
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_reset_congestion_state resets congestion state.
+ */
+static void conn_reset_congestion_state(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  conn_reset_conn_stat_cc(conn, &conn->cstat);
+
+  conn->cc.reset(&conn->cc, &conn->cstat, ts);
+
+  if (conn->hs_pktns) {
+    ngtcp2_rtb_reset_cc_state(&conn->hs_pktns->rtb,
+                              conn->hs_pktns->tx.last_pkt_num + 1);
+  }
+  ngtcp2_rtb_reset_cc_state(&conn->pktns.rtb, conn->pktns.tx.last_pkt_num + 1);
+  ngtcp2_rst_init(&conn->rst);
+
+  conn->tx.pacing.next_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+}
+
+static int conn_recv_path_response(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_path_response *fr,
+                                   ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  int rv;
+  ngtcp2_duration pto, timeout;
+  ngtcp2_pv *pv = conn->pv, *npv;
+  uint8_t ent_flags;
+
+  if (!pv) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_pv_validate(pv, &ent_flags, fr->data);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    assert(!ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv));
+
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (!(pv->flags & NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_DONT_CARE)) {
+    if (!(pv->flags & NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_FALLBACK_ON_FAILURE)) {
+      if (pv->dcid.seq != conn->dcid.current.seq) {
+        assert(conn->dcid.current.cid.datalen);
+
+        rv = conn_retire_dcid(conn, &conn->dcid.current, ts);
+        if (rv != 0) {
+          return rv;
+        }
+        ngtcp2_dcid_copy(&conn->dcid.current, &pv->dcid);
+      }
+      conn_reset_congestion_state(conn, ts);
+      conn_reset_ecn_validation_state(conn);
+    }
+
+    if (ngtcp2_path_eq(&pv->dcid.ps.path, &conn->dcid.current.ps.path)) {
+      conn->dcid.current.flags |= NGTCP2_DCID_FLAG_PATH_VALIDATED;
+
+      if (!conn->local.settings.no_pmtud) {
+        ngtcp2_conn_stop_pmtud(conn);
+
+        if (!(pv->flags & NGTCP2_PV_ENTRY_FLAG_UNDERSIZED)) {
+          rv = conn_start_pmtud(conn);
+          if (rv != 0) {
+            return rv;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    rv = conn_call_path_validation(conn, pv,
+                                   NGTCP2_PATH_VALIDATION_RESULT_SUCCESS);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (pv->flags & NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_FALLBACK_ON_FAILURE) {
+    pto = conn_compute_pto(conn, &conn->pktns);
+    timeout = 3 * ngtcp2_max(pto, pv->fallback_pto);
+
+    if (ent_flags & NGTCP2_PV_ENTRY_FLAG_UNDERSIZED) {
+      assert(conn->server);
+
+      /* Validate path again */
+      rv = ngtcp2_pv_new(&npv, &pv->dcid, timeout,
+                         NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_FALLBACK_ON_FAILURE |
+                             NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_MTU_PROBE,
+                         &conn->log, conn->mem);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+
+      npv->dcid.flags |= NGTCP2_DCID_FLAG_PATH_VALIDATED;
+      ngtcp2_dcid_copy(&npv->fallback_dcid, &pv->fallback_dcid);
+      npv->fallback_pto = pv->fallback_pto;
+    } else {
+      rv = ngtcp2_pv_new(&npv, &pv->fallback_dcid, timeout,
+                         NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_DONT_CARE, &conn->log, conn->mem);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /* Unset the flag bit so that conn_stop_pv does not retire
+       DCID. */
+    pv->flags &= (uint8_t)~NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_FALLBACK_ON_FAILURE;
+
+    rv = conn_stop_pv(conn, ts);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      ngtcp2_pv_del(npv);
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    conn->pv = npv;
+
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  return conn_stop_pv(conn, ts);
+}
+
+/*
+ * pkt_num_bits returns the number of bits available when packet
+ * number is encoded in |pkt_numlen| bytes.
+ */
+static size_t pkt_num_bits(size_t pkt_numlen) {
+  switch (pkt_numlen) {
+  case 1:
+    return 8;
+  case 2:
+    return 16;
+  case 3:
+    return 24;
+  case 4:
+    return 32;
+  default:
+    ngtcp2_unreachable();
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * pktns_pkt_num_is_duplicate returns nonzero if |pkt_num| is
+ * duplicated packet number.
+ */
+static int pktns_pkt_num_is_duplicate(ngtcp2_pktns *pktns, int64_t pkt_num) {
+  return ngtcp2_gaptr_is_pushed(&pktns->rx.pngap, (uint64_t)pkt_num, 1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * pktns_commit_recv_pkt_num marks packet number |pkt_num| as
+ * received.
+ */
+static int pktns_commit_recv_pkt_num(ngtcp2_pktns *pktns, int64_t pkt_num,
+                                     int ack_eliciting, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  int rv;
+
+  if (ack_eliciting && pktns->rx.max_ack_eliciting_pkt_num + 1 != pkt_num) {
+    ngtcp2_acktr_immediate_ack(&pktns->acktr);
+  }
+  if (pktns->rx.max_pkt_num < pkt_num) {
+    pktns->rx.max_pkt_num = pkt_num;
+    pktns->rx.max_pkt_ts = ts;
+  }
+  if (ack_eliciting && pktns->rx.max_ack_eliciting_pkt_num < pkt_num) {
+    pktns->rx.max_ack_eliciting_pkt_num = pkt_num;
+  }
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_gaptr_push(&pktns->rx.pngap, (uint64_t)pkt_num, 1);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  if (ngtcp2_ksl_len(&pktns->rx.pngap.gap) > 256) {
+    ngtcp2_gaptr_drop_first_gap(&pktns->rx.pngap);
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * verify_token verifies |hd| contains |token| in its token field.  It
+ * returns 0 if it succeeds, or NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO.
+ */
+static int verify_token(const uint8_t *token, size_t tokenlen,
+                        const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd) {
+  if (tokenlen == hd->tokenlen && ngtcp2_cmemeq(token, hd->token, tokenlen)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO;
+}
+
+static void pktns_increase_ecn_counts(ngtcp2_pktns *pktns,
+                                      const ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi) {
+  switch (pi->ecn & NGTCP2_ECN_MASK) {
+  case NGTCP2_ECN_ECT_0:
+    ++pktns->rx.ecn.ect0;
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_ECN_ECT_1:
+    ++pktns->rx.ecn.ect1;
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_ECN_CE:
+    ++pktns->rx.ecn.ce;
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * vneg_available_versions_includes returns nonzero if
+ * |available_versions| of length |available_versionslen| includes
+ * |version|.  |available_versions| is the wire image of
+ * available_versions field of version_information transport
+ * parameter, and each version is encoded in network byte order.
+ */
+static int vneg_available_versions_includes(const uint8_t *available_versions,
+                                            size_t available_versionslen,
+                                            uint32_t version) {
+  size_t i;
+  uint32_t v;
+
+  assert(!(available_versionslen & 0x3));
+
+  if (available_versionslen == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < available_versionslen; i += sizeof(uint32_t)) {
+    available_versions = ngtcp2_get_uint32(&v, available_versions);
+
+    if (version == v) {
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int conn_recv_crypto(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_crypto_level crypto_level,
+                            ngtcp2_strm *strm, const ngtcp2_crypto *fr);
+
+static ngtcp2_ssize conn_recv_pkt(ngtcp2_conn *conn, const ngtcp2_path *path,
+                                  const ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi, const uint8_t *pkt,
+                                  size_t pktlen, size_t dgramlen,
+                                  ngtcp2_tstamp pkt_ts, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+static int conn_process_buffered_protected_pkt(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                               ngtcp2_pktns *pktns,
+                                               ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+/*
+ * conn_recv_handshake_pkt processes received packet |pkt| whose
+ * length is |pktlen| during handshake period.  The buffer pointed by
+ * |pkt| might contain multiple packets.  This function only processes
+ * one packet.  |pkt_ts| is the timestamp when packet is received.
+ * |ts| should be the current time.  Usually they are the same, but
+ * for buffered packets, |pkt_ts| would be earlier than |ts|.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes it reads if it succeeds,
+ * or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_RECV_VERSION_NEGOTIATION
+ *     Version Negotiation packet is received.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User-defined callback function failed.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT
+ *     Packet was discarded because plain text header was malformed;
+ *     or its payload could not be decrypted.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_FORMAT
+ *     Frame is badly formatted
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_ACK_FRAME
+ *     ACK frame is malformed.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CRYPTO
+ *     TLS stack reported error.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO
+ *     Generic QUIC protocol error.
+ *
+ * In addition to the above error codes, error codes returned from
+ * conn_recv_pkt are also returned.
+ */
+static ngtcp2_ssize
+conn_recv_handshake_pkt(ngtcp2_conn *conn, const ngtcp2_path *path,
+                        const ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi, const uint8_t *pkt,
+                        size_t pktlen, size_t dgramlen, ngtcp2_tstamp pkt_ts,
+                        ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_ssize nread;
+  ngtcp2_pkt_hd hd;
+  ngtcp2_max_frame mfr;
+  ngtcp2_frame *fr = &mfr.fr;
+  int rv;
+  int require_ack = 0;
+  size_t hdpktlen;
+  const uint8_t *payload;
+  size_t payloadlen;
+  ngtcp2_ssize nwrite;
+  ngtcp2_crypto_aead *aead;
+  ngtcp2_crypto_cipher *hp;
+  ngtcp2_crypto_km *ckm;
+  ngtcp2_crypto_cipher_ctx *hp_ctx;
+  ngtcp2_hp_mask hp_mask;
+  ngtcp2_decrypt decrypt;
+  ngtcp2_pktns *pktns;
+  ngtcp2_strm *crypto;
+  ngtcp2_crypto_level crypto_level;
+  int invalid_reserved_bits = 0;
+
+  if (pktlen == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (!(pkt[0] & NGTCP2_HEADER_FORM_BIT)) {
+    if (conn->state == NGTCP2_CS_SERVER_INITIAL) {
+      /* Ignore 1RTT packet unless server's first Handshake packet has
+         been transmitted. */
+      return (ngtcp2_ssize)pktlen;
+    }
+
+    if (conn->pktns.crypto.rx.ckm) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_CON,
+                    "buffering 1RTT packet len=%zu", pktlen);
+
+    rv = conn_buffer_pkt(conn, &conn->pktns, path, pi, pkt, pktlen, dgramlen,
+                         ts);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv));
+      return rv;
+    }
+    return (ngtcp2_ssize)pktlen;
+  }
+
+  nread = ngtcp2_pkt_decode_hd_long(&hd, pkt, pktlen);
+  if (nread < 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+  }
+
+  if (hd.type == NGTCP2_PKT_VERSION_NEGOTIATION) {
+    hdpktlen = (size_t)nread;
+
+    ngtcp2_log_rx_pkt_hd(&conn->log, &hd);
+
+    if (conn->server) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+    }
+
+    /* Receiving Version Negotiation packet after getting Handshake
+       packet from server is invalid. */
+    if (conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_CONN_ID_NEGOTIATED) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+    }
+
+    if (!ngtcp2_cid_eq(&conn->oscid, &hd.dcid)) {
+      ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                      "packet was ignored because of mismatched DCID");
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+    }
+
+    if (!ngtcp2_cid_eq(&conn->dcid.current.cid, &hd.scid)) {
+      /* Just discard invalid Version Negotiation packet */
+      ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                      "packet was ignored because of mismatched SCID");
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+    }
+    rv = conn_on_version_negotiation(conn, &hd, pkt + hdpktlen,
+                                     pktlen - hdpktlen);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      if (ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv)) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+    }
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_RECV_VERSION_NEGOTIATION;
+  } else if (hd.type == NGTCP2_PKT_RETRY) {
+    hdpktlen = (size_t)nread;
+
+    ngtcp2_log_rx_pkt_hd(&conn->log, &hd);
+
+    if (conn->server) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+    }
+
+    /* Receiving Retry packet after getting Initial packet from server
+       is invalid. */
+    if (conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_CONN_ID_NEGOTIATED) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+    }
+
+    if (conn->client_chosen_version != hd.version) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+    }
+
+    rv = conn_on_retry(conn, &hd, hdpktlen, pkt, pktlen, ts);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      if (ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv)) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+    }
+    return (ngtcp2_ssize)pktlen;
+  }
+
+  if (pktlen < (size_t)nread + hd.len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+  }
+
+  pktlen = (size_t)nread + hd.len;
+
+  if (!ngtcp2_is_supported_version(hd.version)) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+  }
+
+  if (conn->server) {
+    if (hd.version != conn->client_chosen_version &&
+        (!conn->negotiated_version || hd.version != conn->negotiated_version)) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+    }
+  } else if (hd.version != conn->client_chosen_version &&
+             conn->negotiated_version &&
+             hd.version != conn->negotiated_version) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+  }
+
+  /* Quoted from spec: if subsequent packets of those types include a
+     different Source Connection ID, they MUST be discarded. */
+  if ((conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_CONN_ID_NEGOTIATED) &&
+      !ngtcp2_cid_eq(&conn->dcid.current.cid, &hd.scid)) {
+    ngtcp2_log_rx_pkt_hd(&conn->log, &hd);
+    ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                    "packet was ignored because of mismatched SCID");
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+  }
+
+  switch (hd.type) {
+  case NGTCP2_PKT_0RTT:
+    if (!conn->server) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+    }
+
+    if (hd.version != conn->client_chosen_version) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+    }
+
+    if (conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_CONN_ID_NEGOTIATED) {
+      if (conn->early.ckm) {
+        ngtcp2_ssize nread2;
+        /* TODO Avoid to parse header twice. */
+        nread2 =
+            conn_recv_pkt(conn, path, pi, pkt, pktlen, dgramlen, pkt_ts, ts);
+        if (nread2 < 0) {
+          return nread2;
+        }
+      }
+
+      /* Discard 0-RTT packet if we don't have a key to decrypt it. */
+      return (ngtcp2_ssize)pktlen;
+    }
+
+    /* Buffer re-ordered 0-RTT packet. */
+    ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_CON,
+                    "buffering 0-RTT packet len=%zu", pktlen);
+
+    rv = conn_buffer_pkt(conn, conn->in_pktns, path, pi, pkt, pktlen, dgramlen,
+                         ts);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv));
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    return (ngtcp2_ssize)pktlen;
+  case NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL:
+    if (!conn->in_pktns) {
+      ngtcp2_log_info(
+          &conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+          "Initial packet is discarded because keys have been discarded");
+      return (ngtcp2_ssize)pktlen;
+    }
+
+    assert(conn->in_pktns);
+
+    if (conn->server) {
+      if (dgramlen < NGTCP2_MAX_UDP_PAYLOAD_SIZE) {
+        ngtcp2_log_info(
+            &conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+            "Initial packet was ignored because it is included in UDP datagram "
+            "less than %zu bytes: %zu bytes",
+            NGTCP2_MAX_UDP_PAYLOAD_SIZE, dgramlen);
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+      }
+      if (conn->local.settings.tokenlen) {
+        rv = verify_token(conn->local.settings.token,
+                          conn->local.settings.tokenlen, &hd);
+        if (rv != 0) {
+          ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                          "packet was ignored because token is invalid");
+          return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+        }
+      }
+      if ((conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_CONN_ID_NEGOTIATED) == 0) {
+        /* Set rcid here so that it is available to callback.  If this
+           packet is discarded later in this function and no packet is
+           processed in this connection attempt so far, connection
+           will be dropped. */
+        conn->rcid = hd.dcid;
+
+        rv = conn_call_recv_client_initial(conn, &hd.dcid);
+        if (rv != 0) {
+          return rv;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (hd.tokenlen != 0) {
+        ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                        "packet was ignored because token is not empty");
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+      }
+
+      if (hd.version != conn->client_chosen_version &&
+          !conn->negotiated_version && conn->vneg.version != hd.version) {
+        if (!vneg_available_versions_includes(conn->vneg.available_versions,
+                                              conn->vneg.available_versionslen,
+                                              hd.version)) {
+          return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+        }
+
+        /* Install new Initial keys using QUIC version = hd.version */
+        rv = conn_call_version_negotiation(
+            conn, hd.version,
+            (conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_RECV_RETRY)
+                ? &conn->dcid.current.cid
+                : &conn->rcid);
+        if (rv != 0) {
+          return rv;
+        }
+
+        assert(conn->vneg.version == hd.version);
+      }
+    }
+
+    pktns = conn->in_pktns;
+    crypto = &pktns->crypto.strm;
+    crypto_level = NGTCP2_CRYPTO_LEVEL_INITIAL;
+
+    if (hd.version == conn->client_chosen_version) {
+      ckm = pktns->crypto.rx.ckm;
+      hp_ctx = &pktns->crypto.rx.hp_ctx;
+    } else {
+      assert(conn->vneg.version == hd.version);
+
+      ckm = conn->vneg.rx.ckm;
+      hp_ctx = &conn->vneg.rx.hp_ctx;
+    }
+
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_PKT_HANDSHAKE:
+    if (hd.version != conn->negotiated_version) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+    }
+
+    if (!conn->hs_pktns->crypto.rx.ckm) {
+      if (conn->server) {
+        ngtcp2_log_info(
+            &conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+            "Handshake packet at this point is unexpected and discarded");
+        return (ngtcp2_ssize)pktlen;
+      }
+      ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_CON,
+                      "buffering Handshake packet len=%zu", pktlen);
+
+      rv = conn_buffer_pkt(conn, conn->hs_pktns, path, pi, pkt, pktlen,
+                           dgramlen, ts);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv));
+        return rv;
+      }
+      return (ngtcp2_ssize)pktlen;
+    }
+
+    pktns = conn->hs_pktns;
+    crypto = &pktns->crypto.strm;
+    crypto_level = NGTCP2_CRYPTO_LEVEL_HANDSHAKE;
+    ckm = pktns->crypto.rx.ckm;
+    hp_ctx = &pktns->crypto.rx.hp_ctx;
+
+    break;
+  default:
+    /* unknown packet type */
+    ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                    "packet was ignored because of unknown packet type");
+    return (ngtcp2_ssize)pktlen;
+  }
+
+  hp_mask = conn->callbacks.hp_mask;
+  decrypt = conn->callbacks.decrypt;
+  aead = &pktns->crypto.ctx.aead;
+  hp = &pktns->crypto.ctx.hp;
+
+  assert(ckm);
+  assert(hp_mask);
+  assert(decrypt);
+
+  rv = conn_ensure_decrypt_hp_buffer(conn, (size_t)nread + 4);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  nwrite = decrypt_hp(&hd, conn->crypto.decrypt_hp_buf.base, hp, pkt, pktlen,
+                      (size_t)nread, hp_ctx, hp_mask);
+  if (nwrite < 0) {
+    if (ngtcp2_err_is_fatal((int)nwrite)) {
+      return nwrite;
+    }
+    ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                    "could not decrypt packet number");
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+  }
+
+  hdpktlen = (size_t)nwrite;
+  payload = pkt + hdpktlen;
+  payloadlen = hd.len - hd.pkt_numlen;
+
+  hd.pkt_num = ngtcp2_pkt_adjust_pkt_num(pktns->rx.max_pkt_num, hd.pkt_num,
+                                         pkt_num_bits(hd.pkt_numlen));
+  if (hd.pkt_num > NGTCP2_MAX_PKT_NUM) {
+    ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                    "pkn=%" PRId64 " is greater than maximum pkn", hd.pkt_num);
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_log_rx_pkt_hd(&conn->log, &hd);
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_pkt_verify_reserved_bits(conn->crypto.decrypt_hp_buf.base[0]);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    invalid_reserved_bits = 1;
+
+    ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                    "packet has incorrect reserved bits");
+
+    /* Will return error after decrypting payload */
+  }
+
+  if (pktns_pkt_num_is_duplicate(pktns, hd.pkt_num)) {
+    ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                    "packet was discarded because of duplicated packet number");
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+  }
+
+  rv = conn_ensure_decrypt_buffer(conn, payloadlen);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  nwrite = decrypt_pkt(conn->crypto.decrypt_buf.base, aead, payload, payloadlen,
+                       conn->crypto.decrypt_hp_buf.base, hdpktlen, hd.pkt_num,
+                       ckm, decrypt);
+  if (nwrite < 0) {
+    if (ngtcp2_err_is_fatal((int)nwrite)) {
+      return nwrite;
+    }
+    ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                    "could not decrypt packet payload");
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+  }
+
+  if (invalid_reserved_bits) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO;
+  }
+
+  if (!conn->server && hd.version != conn->client_chosen_version &&
+      !conn->negotiated_version) {
+    conn->negotiated_version = hd.version;
+
+    ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_CON,
+                    "the negotiated version is 0x%08x",
+                    conn->negotiated_version);
+  }
+
+  payload = conn->crypto.decrypt_buf.base;
+  payloadlen = (size_t)nwrite;
+
+  switch (hd.type) {
+  case NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL:
+    if (!conn->server || ((conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_CONN_ID_NEGOTIATED) &&
+                          !ngtcp2_cid_eq(&conn->rcid, &hd.dcid))) {
+      rv = conn_verify_dcid(conn, NULL, &hd);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        if (ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv)) {
+          return rv;
+        }
+        ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                        "packet was ignored because of mismatched DCID");
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+      }
+    }
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_PKT_HANDSHAKE:
+    rv = conn_verify_dcid(conn, NULL, &hd);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      if (ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv)) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                      "packet was ignored because of mismatched DCID");
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    ngtcp2_unreachable();
+  }
+
+  if (payloadlen == 0) {
+    /* QUIC packet must contain at least one frame */
+    if (hd.type == NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+    }
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO;
+  }
+
+  if (hd.type == NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL &&
+      !(conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_CONN_ID_NEGOTIATED)) {
+    conn->flags |= NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_CONN_ID_NEGOTIATED;
+    if (!conn->server) {
+      conn->dcid.current.cid = hd.scid;
+    }
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_qlog_pkt_received_start(&conn->qlog);
+
+  for (; payloadlen;) {
+    nread = ngtcp2_pkt_decode_frame(fr, payload, payloadlen);
+    if (nread < 0) {
+      return nread;
+    }
+
+    payload += nread;
+    payloadlen -= (size_t)nread;
+
+    switch (fr->type) {
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK:
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK_ECN:
+      fr->ack.ack_delay = 0;
+      fr->ack.ack_delay_unscaled = 0;
+      break;
+    }
+
+    ngtcp2_log_rx_fr(&conn->log, &hd, fr);
+
+    switch (fr->type) {
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK:
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK_ECN:
+      if (!conn->server && hd.type == NGTCP2_PKT_HANDSHAKE) {
+        conn->flags |= NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_SERVER_ADDR_VERIFIED;
+      }
+      rv = conn_recv_ack(conn, pktns, &fr->ack, pkt_ts, ts);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_PADDING:
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_CRYPTO:
+      if (!conn->server && !conn->negotiated_version &&
+          ngtcp2_vec_len(fr->crypto.data, fr->crypto.datacnt)) {
+        conn->negotiated_version = hd.version;
+
+        ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_CON,
+                        "the negotiated version is 0x%08x",
+                        conn->negotiated_version);
+      }
+
+      rv = conn_recv_crypto(conn, crypto_level, crypto, &fr->crypto);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      require_ack = 1;
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_CONNECTION_CLOSE:
+      rv = conn_recv_connection_close(conn, &fr->connection_close);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_PING:
+      require_ack = 1;
+      break;
+    default:
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO;
+    }
+
+    ngtcp2_qlog_write_frame(&conn->qlog, fr);
+  }
+
+  if (hd.type == NGTCP2_PKT_HANDSHAKE) {
+    /* Successful processing of Handshake packet from a remote
+       endpoint validates its source address. */
+    conn->dcid.current.flags |= NGTCP2_DCID_FLAG_PATH_VALIDATED;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_qlog_pkt_received_end(&conn->qlog, &hd, pktlen);
+
+  rv = pktns_commit_recv_pkt_num(pktns, hd.pkt_num, require_ack, pkt_ts);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  pktns_increase_ecn_counts(pktns, pi);
+
+  /* TODO Initial and Handshake are always acknowledged without
+     delay. */
+  if (require_ack &&
+      (++pktns->acktr.rx_npkt >= conn->local.settings.ack_thresh ||
+       (pi->ecn & NGTCP2_ECN_MASK) == NGTCP2_ECN_CE)) {
+    ngtcp2_acktr_immediate_ack(&pktns->acktr);
+  }
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_conn_sched_ack(conn, &pktns->acktr, hd.pkt_num, require_ack,
+                             pkt_ts);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  conn_restart_timer_on_read(conn, ts);
+
+  ngtcp2_qlog_metrics_updated(&conn->qlog, &conn->cstat);
+
+  return conn->state == NGTCP2_CS_DRAINING ? NGTCP2_ERR_DRAINING
+                                           : (ngtcp2_ssize)pktlen;
+}
+
+static int is_unrecoverable_error(int liberr) {
+  switch (liberr) {
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_CRYPTO:
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_REQUIRED_TRANSPORT_PARAM:
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM:
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_TRANSPORT_PARAM:
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_VERSION_NEGOTIATION_FAILURE:
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_recv_handshake_cpkt processes compound packet during
+ * handshake.  The buffer pointed by |pkt| might contain multiple
+ * packets.  The 1RTT packet must be the last one because it does not
+ * have payload length field.
+ *
+ * This function returns the same error code returned by
+ * conn_recv_handshake_pkt.
+ */
+static ngtcp2_ssize conn_recv_handshake_cpkt(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                             const ngtcp2_path *path,
+                                             const ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi,
+                                             const uint8_t *pkt, size_t pktlen,
+                                             ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_ssize nread;
+  size_t dgramlen = pktlen;
+  const uint8_t *origpkt = pkt;
+  uint32_t version;
+
+  if (ngtcp2_path_eq(&conn->dcid.current.ps.path, path)) {
+    conn->dcid.current.bytes_recv += dgramlen;
+  }
+
+  while (pktlen) {
+    nread =
+        conn_recv_handshake_pkt(conn, path, pi, pkt, pktlen, dgramlen, ts, ts);
+    if (nread < 0) {
+      if (ngtcp2_err_is_fatal((int)nread)) {
+        return nread;
+      }
+
+      if (nread == NGTCP2_ERR_DRAINING) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_DRAINING;
+      }
+
+      if ((pkt[0] & NGTCP2_HEADER_FORM_BIT) && pktlen > 4) {
+        /* Not a Version Negotiation packet */
+        ngtcp2_get_uint32(&version, &pkt[1]);
+        if (ngtcp2_pkt_get_type_long(version, pkt[0]) == NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL) {
+          if (conn->server) {
+            if (is_unrecoverable_error((int)nread)) {
+              /* If server gets crypto error from TLS stack, it is
+                 unrecoverable, therefore drop connection. */
+              return nread;
+            }
+
+            /* If server discards first Initial, then drop connection
+               state.  This is because SCID in packet might be corrupted
+               and the current connection state might wrongly discard
+               valid packet and prevent the handshake from
+               completing. */
+            if (conn->in_pktns && conn->in_pktns->rx.max_pkt_num == -1) {
+              return NGTCP2_ERR_DROP_CONN;
+            }
+
+            return (ngtcp2_ssize)dgramlen;
+          }
+          /* client */
+          if (is_unrecoverable_error((int)nread)) {
+            /* If client gets crypto error from TLS stack, it is
+               unrecoverable, therefore drop connection. */
+            return nread;
+          }
+          return (ngtcp2_ssize)dgramlen;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (nread == NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT) {
+        return (ngtcp2_ssize)dgramlen;
+      }
+
+      return nread;
+    }
+
+    if (nread == 0) {
+      assert(!(pkt[0] & NGTCP2_HEADER_FORM_BIT));
+      return pkt - origpkt;
+    }
+
+    assert(pktlen >= (size_t)nread);
+    pkt += nread;
+    pktlen -= (size_t)nread;
+
+    ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                    "read packet %td left %zu", nread, pktlen);
+  }
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)dgramlen;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_init_stream(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_strm *strm,
+                            int64_t stream_id, void *stream_user_data) {
+  int rv;
+  uint64_t max_rx_offset;
+  uint64_t max_tx_offset;
+  int local_stream = conn_local_stream(conn, stream_id);
+
+  assert(conn->remote.transport_params);
+
+  if (bidi_stream(stream_id)) {
+    if (local_stream) {
+      max_rx_offset =
+          conn->local.transport_params.initial_max_stream_data_bidi_local;
+      max_tx_offset =
+          conn->remote.transport_params->initial_max_stream_data_bidi_remote;
+    } else {
+      max_rx_offset =
+          conn->local.transport_params.initial_max_stream_data_bidi_remote;
+      max_tx_offset =
+          conn->remote.transport_params->initial_max_stream_data_bidi_local;
+    }
+  } else if (local_stream) {
+    max_rx_offset = 0;
+    max_tx_offset = conn->remote.transport_params->initial_max_stream_data_uni;
+  } else {
+    max_rx_offset = conn->local.transport_params.initial_max_stream_data_uni;
+    max_tx_offset = 0;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_strm_init(strm, stream_id, NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_NONE, max_rx_offset,
+                   max_tx_offset, stream_user_data, &conn->frc_objalloc,
+                   conn->mem);
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_map_insert(&conn->strms, (ngtcp2_map_key_type)strm->stream_id,
+                         strm);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    assert(rv != NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+    goto fail;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+
+fail:
+  ngtcp2_strm_free(strm);
+  return rv;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_emit_pending_stream_data passes buffered ordered stream data
+ * to the application.  |rx_offset| is the first offset to deliver to
+ * the application.  This function assumes that the data up to
+ * |rx_offset| has been delivered already.  This function only passes
+ * the ordered data without any gap.  If there is a gap, it stops
+ * providing the data to the application, and returns.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User callback failed.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ */
+static int conn_emit_pending_stream_data(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_strm *strm,
+                                         uint64_t rx_offset) {
+  size_t datalen;
+  const uint8_t *data;
+  int rv;
+  uint64_t offset;
+  uint32_t sdflags;
+  int handshake_completed = conn_is_handshake_completed(conn);
+
+  if (!strm->rx.rob) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  for (;;) {
+    /* Stop calling callback if application has called
+       ngtcp2_conn_shutdown_stream_read() inside the callback.
+       Because it doubly counts connection window. */
+    if (strm->flags & NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_STOP_SENDING) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    datalen = ngtcp2_rob_data_at(strm->rx.rob, &data, rx_offset);
+    if (datalen == 0) {
+      assert(rx_offset == ngtcp2_strm_rx_offset(strm));
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    offset = rx_offset;
+    rx_offset += datalen;
+
+    sdflags = NGTCP2_STREAM_DATA_FLAG_NONE;
+    if ((strm->flags & NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SHUT_RD) &&
+        rx_offset == strm->rx.last_offset) {
+      sdflags |= NGTCP2_STREAM_DATA_FLAG_FIN;
+    }
+    if (!handshake_completed) {
+      sdflags |= NGTCP2_STREAM_DATA_FLAG_EARLY;
+    }
+
+    rv = conn_call_recv_stream_data(conn, strm, sdflags, offset, data, datalen);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    ngtcp2_rob_pop(strm->rx.rob, rx_offset - datalen, datalen);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_recv_crypto is called when CRYPTO frame |fr| is received.
+ * |rx_offset_base| is the offset in the entire TLS handshake stream.
+ * fr->offset specifies the offset in each encryption level.
+ * |max_rx_offset| is, if it is nonzero, the maximum offset in the
+ * entire TLS handshake stream that |fr| can carry.  |crypto_level| is
+ * the encryption level where this data is received.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO
+ *     CRYPTO frame has invalid offset.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CRYPTO
+ *     TLS stack reported error.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING
+ *     The end offset exceeds the maximum value.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User-defined callback function failed.
+ */
+static int conn_recv_crypto(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_crypto_level crypto_level,
+                            ngtcp2_strm *crypto, const ngtcp2_crypto *fr) {
+  uint64_t fr_end_offset;
+  uint64_t rx_offset;
+  int rv;
+
+  if (fr->datacnt == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  fr_end_offset = fr->offset + fr->data[0].len;
+
+  if (NGTCP2_MAX_VARINT < fr_end_offset) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  rx_offset = ngtcp2_strm_rx_offset(crypto);
+
+  if (fr_end_offset <= rx_offset) {
+    if (conn->server &&
+        !(conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_HANDSHAKE_EARLY_RETRANSMIT) &&
+        crypto_level == NGTCP2_CRYPTO_LEVEL_INITIAL) {
+      /* recovery draft: Speeding Up Handshake Completion
+
+         When a server receives an Initial packet containing duplicate
+         CRYPTO data, it can assume the client did not receive all of
+         the server's CRYPTO data sent in Initial packets, or the
+         client's estimated RTT is too small.  ...  To speed up
+         handshake completion under these conditions, an endpoint MAY
+         send a packet containing unacknowledged CRYPTO data earlier
+         than the PTO expiry, subject to address validation limits;
+         ... */
+      conn->flags |= NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_HANDSHAKE_EARLY_RETRANSMIT;
+      conn->in_pktns->rtb.probe_pkt_left = 1;
+      conn->hs_pktns->rtb.probe_pkt_left = 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  crypto->rx.last_offset = ngtcp2_max(crypto->rx.last_offset, fr_end_offset);
+
+  /* TODO Before dispatching incoming data to TLS stack, make sure
+     that previous data in previous encryption level has been
+     completely sent to TLS stack.  Usually, if data is left, it is an
+     error because key is generated after consuming all data in the
+     previous encryption level. */
+  if (fr->offset <= rx_offset) {
+    size_t ncut = (size_t)(rx_offset - fr->offset);
+    const uint8_t *data = fr->data[0].base + ncut;
+    size_t datalen = fr->data[0].len - ncut;
+    uint64_t offset = rx_offset;
+
+    rx_offset += datalen;
+    rv = ngtcp2_strm_update_rx_offset(crypto, rx_offset);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    rv = conn_call_recv_crypto_data(conn, crypto_level, offset, data, datalen);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    rv = conn_emit_pending_crypto_data(conn, crypto_level, crypto, rx_offset);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (fr_end_offset - rx_offset > NGTCP2_MAX_REORDERED_CRYPTO_DATA) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CRYPTO_BUFFER_EXCEEDED;
+  }
+
+  return ngtcp2_strm_recv_reordering(crypto, fr->data[0].base, fr->data[0].len,
+                                     fr->offset);
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_max_data_violated returns nonzero if receiving |datalen|
+ * violates connection flow control on local endpoint.
+ */
+static int conn_max_data_violated(ngtcp2_conn *conn, uint64_t datalen) {
+  return conn->rx.max_offset - conn->rx.offset < datalen;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_recv_stream is called when STREAM frame |fr| is received.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_STATE
+ *     STREAM frame is received for a local stream which is not
+ *     initiated; or STREAM frame is received for a local
+ *     unidirectional stream
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_LIMIT
+ *     STREAM frame has remote stream ID which is strictly greater
+ *     than the allowed limit.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User-defined callback function failed.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_FLOW_CONTROL
+ *     Flow control limit is violated; or the end offset of stream
+ *     data is beyond the NGTCP2_MAX_VARINT.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_FINAL_SIZE
+ *     STREAM frame has strictly larger end offset than it is
+ *     permitted.
+ */
+static int conn_recv_stream(ngtcp2_conn *conn, const ngtcp2_stream *fr) {
+  int rv;
+  ngtcp2_strm *strm;
+  ngtcp2_idtr *idtr;
+  uint64_t rx_offset, fr_end_offset;
+  int local_stream;
+  int bidi;
+  uint64_t datalen = ngtcp2_vec_len(fr->data, fr->datacnt);
+  uint32_t sdflags = NGTCP2_STREAM_DATA_FLAG_NONE;
+
+  local_stream = conn_local_stream(conn, fr->stream_id);
+  bidi = bidi_stream(fr->stream_id);
+
+  if (bidi) {
+    if (local_stream) {
+      if (conn->local.bidi.next_stream_id <= fr->stream_id) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_STATE;
+      }
+    } else if (conn->remote.bidi.max_streams <
+               ngtcp2_ord_stream_id(fr->stream_id)) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_LIMIT;
+    }
+
+    idtr = &conn->remote.bidi.idtr;
+  } else {
+    if (local_stream) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_STATE;
+    }
+    if (conn->remote.uni.max_streams < ngtcp2_ord_stream_id(fr->stream_id)) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_LIMIT;
+    }
+
+    idtr = &conn->remote.uni.idtr;
+  }
+
+  if (NGTCP2_MAX_VARINT - datalen < fr->offset) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FLOW_CONTROL;
+  }
+
+  strm = ngtcp2_conn_find_stream(conn, fr->stream_id);
+  if (strm == NULL) {
+    if (local_stream) {
+      /* TODO The stream has been closed.  This should be responded
+         with RESET_STREAM, or simply ignored. */
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    rv = ngtcp2_idtr_open(idtr, fr->stream_id);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      if (ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv)) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      assert(rv == NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_IN_USE);
+      /* TODO The stream has been closed.  This should be responded
+         with RESET_STREAM, or simply ignored. */
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    strm = ngtcp2_objalloc_strm_get(&conn->strm_objalloc);
+    if (strm == NULL) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+    }
+    /* TODO Perhaps, call new_stream callback? */
+    rv = ngtcp2_conn_init_stream(conn, strm, fr->stream_id, NULL);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      ngtcp2_objalloc_strm_release(&conn->strm_objalloc, strm);
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    if (!bidi) {
+      ngtcp2_strm_shutdown(strm, NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SHUT_WR);
+      strm->flags |= NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_FIN_ACKED;
+    }
+
+    rv = conn_call_stream_open(conn, strm);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+  }
+
+  fr_end_offset = fr->offset + datalen;
+
+  if (strm->rx.max_offset < fr_end_offset) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FLOW_CONTROL;
+  }
+
+  if (strm->rx.last_offset < fr_end_offset) {
+    uint64_t len = fr_end_offset - strm->rx.last_offset;
+
+    if (conn_max_data_violated(conn, len)) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_FLOW_CONTROL;
+    }
+
+    conn->rx.offset += len;
+
+    if (strm->flags & NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_STOP_SENDING) {
+      ngtcp2_conn_extend_max_offset(conn, len);
+    }
+  }
+
+  rx_offset = ngtcp2_strm_rx_offset(strm);
+
+  if (fr->fin) {
+    if (strm->flags & NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SHUT_RD) {
+      if (strm->rx.last_offset != fr_end_offset) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_FINAL_SIZE;
+      }
+
+      if (strm->flags & NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_RECV_RST) {
+        return 0;
+      }
+
+      if (rx_offset == fr_end_offset) {
+        return 0;
+      }
+    } else if (strm->rx.last_offset > fr_end_offset) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_FINAL_SIZE;
+    } else {
+      strm->rx.last_offset = fr_end_offset;
+
+      ngtcp2_strm_shutdown(strm, NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SHUT_RD);
+    }
+  } else {
+    if ((strm->flags & NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SHUT_RD) &&
+        strm->rx.last_offset < fr_end_offset) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_FINAL_SIZE;
+    }
+
+    strm->rx.last_offset = ngtcp2_max(strm->rx.last_offset, fr_end_offset);
+
+    if (fr_end_offset <= rx_offset) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (strm->flags & NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_RECV_RST) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (fr->offset <= rx_offset) {
+    size_t ncut = (size_t)(rx_offset - fr->offset);
+    uint64_t offset = rx_offset;
+    const uint8_t *data;
+    int fin;
+
+    if (fr->datacnt) {
+      data = fr->data[0].base + ncut;
+      datalen -= ncut;
+
+      rx_offset += datalen;
+      rv = ngtcp2_strm_update_rx_offset(strm, rx_offset);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+    } else {
+      data = NULL;
+      datalen = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (strm->flags & NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_STOP_SENDING) {
+      return ngtcp2_conn_close_stream_if_shut_rdwr(conn, strm);
+    }
+
+    fin = (strm->flags & NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SHUT_RD) &&
+          rx_offset == strm->rx.last_offset;
+
+    if (fin || datalen) {
+      if (fin) {
+        sdflags |= NGTCP2_STREAM_DATA_FLAG_FIN;
+      }
+      if (!conn_is_handshake_completed(conn)) {
+        sdflags |= NGTCP2_STREAM_DATA_FLAG_EARLY;
+      }
+      rv = conn_call_recv_stream_data(conn, strm, sdflags, offset, data,
+                                      (size_t)datalen);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+
+      rv = conn_emit_pending_stream_data(conn, strm, rx_offset);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+    }
+  } else if (fr->datacnt) {
+    rv = ngtcp2_strm_recv_reordering(strm, fr->data[0].base, fr->data[0].len,
+                                     fr->offset);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+  }
+  return ngtcp2_conn_close_stream_if_shut_rdwr(conn, strm);
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_reset_stream adds RESET_STREAM frame to the transmission
+ * queue.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ */
+static int conn_reset_stream(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_strm *strm,
+                             uint64_t app_error_code) {
+  int rv;
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain *frc;
+  ngtcp2_pktns *pktns = &conn->pktns;
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_new(&frc, &conn->frc_objalloc);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  frc->fr.type = NGTCP2_FRAME_RESET_STREAM;
+  frc->fr.reset_stream.stream_id = strm->stream_id;
+  frc->fr.reset_stream.app_error_code = app_error_code;
+  frc->fr.reset_stream.final_size = strm->tx.offset;
+
+  /* TODO This prepends RESET_STREAM to pktns->tx.frq. */
+  frc->next = pktns->tx.frq;
+  pktns->tx.frq = frc;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_stop_sending adds STOP_SENDING frame to the transmission
+ * queue.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ */
+static int conn_stop_sending(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_strm *strm,
+                             uint64_t app_error_code) {
+  int rv;
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain *frc;
+  ngtcp2_pktns *pktns = &conn->pktns;
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_new(&frc, &conn->frc_objalloc);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  frc->fr.type = NGTCP2_FRAME_STOP_SENDING;
+  frc->fr.stop_sending.stream_id = strm->stream_id;
+  frc->fr.stop_sending.app_error_code = app_error_code;
+
+  /* TODO This prepends STOP_SENDING to pktns->tx.frq. */
+  frc->next = pktns->tx.frq;
+  pktns->tx.frq = frc;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * handle_max_remote_streams_extension extends
+ * |*punsent_max_remote_streams| by |n| if a condition allows it.
+ */
+static void
+handle_max_remote_streams_extension(uint64_t *punsent_max_remote_streams,
+                                    size_t n) {
+  if (
+#if SIZE_MAX > UINT32_MAX
+      NGTCP2_MAX_STREAMS < n ||
+#endif /* SIZE_MAX > UINT32_MAX */
+      *punsent_max_remote_streams > (uint64_t)(NGTCP2_MAX_STREAMS - n)) {
+    *punsent_max_remote_streams = NGTCP2_MAX_STREAMS;
+  } else {
+    *punsent_max_remote_streams += n;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_recv_reset_stream is called when RESET_STREAM |fr| is
+ * received.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_STATE
+ *     RESET_STREAM frame is received to the local stream which is not
+ *     initiated.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_LIMIT
+ *     RESET_STREAM frame has remote stream ID which is strictly
+ *     greater than the allowed limit.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO
+ *     RESET_STREAM frame is received to the local unidirectional
+ *     stream
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User-defined callback function failed.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_FLOW_CONTROL
+ *     Flow control limit is violated; or the final size is beyond the
+ *     NGTCP2_MAX_VARINT.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_FINAL_SIZE
+ *     The final offset is strictly larger than it is permitted.
+ */
+static int conn_recv_reset_stream(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                  const ngtcp2_reset_stream *fr) {
+  ngtcp2_strm *strm;
+  int local_stream = conn_local_stream(conn, fr->stream_id);
+  int bidi = bidi_stream(fr->stream_id);
+  uint64_t datalen;
+  ngtcp2_idtr *idtr;
+  int rv;
+
+  /* TODO share this piece of code */
+  if (bidi) {
+    if (local_stream) {
+      if (conn->local.bidi.next_stream_id <= fr->stream_id) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_STATE;
+      }
+    } else if (conn->remote.bidi.max_streams <
+               ngtcp2_ord_stream_id(fr->stream_id)) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_LIMIT;
+    }
+
+    idtr = &conn->remote.bidi.idtr;
+  } else {
+    if (local_stream) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO;
+    }
+    if (conn->remote.uni.max_streams < ngtcp2_ord_stream_id(fr->stream_id)) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_LIMIT;
+    }
+
+    idtr = &conn->remote.uni.idtr;
+  }
+
+  if (NGTCP2_MAX_VARINT < fr->final_size) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FLOW_CONTROL;
+  }
+
+  strm = ngtcp2_conn_find_stream(conn, fr->stream_id);
+  if (strm == NULL) {
+    if (local_stream) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    rv = ngtcp2_idtr_open(idtr, fr->stream_id);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      if (ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv)) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      assert(rv == NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_IN_USE);
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (conn_initial_stream_rx_offset(conn, fr->stream_id) < fr->final_size ||
+        conn_max_data_violated(conn, fr->final_size)) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_FLOW_CONTROL;
+    }
+
+    /* Stream is reset before we create ngtcp2_strm object. */
+    conn->rx.offset += fr->final_size;
+    ngtcp2_conn_extend_max_offset(conn, fr->final_size);
+
+    rv = conn_call_stream_reset(conn, fr->stream_id, fr->final_size,
+                                fr->app_error_code, NULL);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    /* There will be no activity in this stream because we got
+       RESET_STREAM and don't write stream data any further.  This
+       effectively allows another new stream for peer. */
+    if (bidi) {
+      handle_max_remote_streams_extension(&conn->remote.bidi.unsent_max_streams,
+                                          1);
+    } else {
+      handle_max_remote_streams_extension(&conn->remote.uni.unsent_max_streams,
+                                          1);
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if ((strm->flags & NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SHUT_RD)) {
+    if (strm->rx.last_offset != fr->final_size) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_FINAL_SIZE;
+    }
+  } else if (strm->rx.last_offset > fr->final_size) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FINAL_SIZE;
+  }
+
+  if (strm->flags & NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_RECV_RST) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (strm->rx.max_offset < fr->final_size) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FLOW_CONTROL;
+  }
+
+  datalen = fr->final_size - strm->rx.last_offset;
+
+  if (conn_max_data_violated(conn, datalen)) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FLOW_CONTROL;
+  }
+
+  rv = conn_call_stream_reset(conn, fr->stream_id, fr->final_size,
+                              fr->app_error_code, strm->stream_user_data);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  /* Extend connection flow control window for the amount of data
+     which are not passed to application. */
+  if (!(strm->flags & NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_STOP_SENDING)) {
+    ngtcp2_conn_extend_max_offset(conn, strm->rx.last_offset -
+                                            ngtcp2_strm_rx_offset(strm));
+  }
+
+  conn->rx.offset += datalen;
+  ngtcp2_conn_extend_max_offset(conn, datalen);
+
+  strm->rx.last_offset = fr->final_size;
+  strm->flags |= NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SHUT_RD | NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_RECV_RST;
+
+  ngtcp2_strm_set_app_error_code(strm, fr->app_error_code);
+
+  return ngtcp2_conn_close_stream_if_shut_rdwr(conn, strm);
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_recv_stop_sending is called when STOP_SENDING |fr| is received.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_STATE
+ *     STOP_SENDING frame is received for a local stream which is not
+ *     initiated; or STOP_SENDING frame is received for a local
+ *     unidirectional stream.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_LIMIT
+ *     STOP_SENDING frame has remote stream ID which is strictly
+ *     greater than the allowed limit.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User-defined callback function failed.
+ */
+static int conn_recv_stop_sending(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                  const ngtcp2_stop_sending *fr) {
+  int rv;
+  ngtcp2_strm *strm;
+  ngtcp2_idtr *idtr;
+  int local_stream = conn_local_stream(conn, fr->stream_id);
+  int bidi = bidi_stream(fr->stream_id);
+
+  if (bidi) {
+    if (local_stream) {
+      if (conn->local.bidi.next_stream_id <= fr->stream_id) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_STATE;
+      }
+    } else if (conn->remote.bidi.max_streams <
+               ngtcp2_ord_stream_id(fr->stream_id)) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_LIMIT;
+    }
+
+    idtr = &conn->remote.bidi.idtr;
+  } else {
+    if (!local_stream || conn->local.uni.next_stream_id <= fr->stream_id) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_STATE;
+    }
+
+    idtr = &conn->remote.uni.idtr;
+  }
+
+  strm = ngtcp2_conn_find_stream(conn, fr->stream_id);
+  if (strm == NULL) {
+    if (local_stream) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    rv = ngtcp2_idtr_open(idtr, fr->stream_id);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      if (ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv)) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      assert(rv == NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_IN_USE);
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* Frame is received reset before we create ngtcp2_strm
+       object. */
+    strm = ngtcp2_objalloc_strm_get(&conn->strm_objalloc);
+    if (strm == NULL) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+    }
+    rv = ngtcp2_conn_init_stream(conn, strm, fr->stream_id, NULL);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      ngtcp2_objalloc_strm_release(&conn->strm_objalloc, strm);
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    rv = conn_call_stream_open(conn, strm);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_strm_set_app_error_code(strm, fr->app_error_code);
+
+  /* No RESET_STREAM is required if we have sent FIN and all data have
+     been acknowledged. */
+  if (!ngtcp2_strm_is_all_tx_data_fin_acked(strm) &&
+      !(strm->flags & NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SENT_RST)) {
+    rv = conn_reset_stream(conn, strm, fr->app_error_code);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+  }
+
+  strm->flags |= NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SHUT_WR | NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SENT_RST;
+
+  if (ngtcp2_strm_is_tx_queued(strm) && !ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_empty(strm)) {
+    assert(conn->tx.strmq_nretrans);
+    --conn->tx.strmq_nretrans;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_clear(strm);
+
+  return ngtcp2_conn_close_stream_if_shut_rdwr(conn, strm);
+}
+
+/*
+ * check_stateless_reset returns nonzero if Stateless Reset |sr|
+ * coming via |path| is valid against |dcid|.
+ */
+static int check_stateless_reset(const ngtcp2_dcid *dcid,
+                                 const ngtcp2_path *path,
+                                 const ngtcp2_pkt_stateless_reset *sr) {
+  return ngtcp2_path_eq(&dcid->ps.path, path) &&
+         ngtcp2_dcid_verify_stateless_reset_token(
+             dcid, sr->stateless_reset_token) == 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_on_stateless_reset decodes Stateless Reset from the buffer
+ * pointed by |payload| whose length is |payloadlen|.  |payload|
+ * should start after first byte of packet.
+ *
+ * If Stateless Reset is decoded, and the Stateless Reset Token is
+ * validated, the connection is closed.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT
+ *     Could not decode Stateless Reset; or Stateless Reset Token does
+ *     not match; or No stateless reset token is available.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User callback failed.
+ */
+static int conn_on_stateless_reset(ngtcp2_conn *conn, const ngtcp2_path *path,
+                                   const uint8_t *payload, size_t payloadlen) {
+  int rv = 1;
+  ngtcp2_pv *pv = conn->pv;
+  ngtcp2_dcid *dcid;
+  ngtcp2_pkt_stateless_reset sr;
+  size_t len, i;
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_pkt_decode_stateless_reset(&sr, payload, payloadlen);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  if (!check_stateless_reset(&conn->dcid.current, path, &sr) &&
+      (!pv || (!check_stateless_reset(&pv->dcid, path, &sr) &&
+               (!(pv->flags & NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_FALLBACK_ON_FAILURE) ||
+                !check_stateless_reset(&pv->fallback_dcid, path, &sr))))) {
+    len = ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(&conn->dcid.retired.rb);
+    for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+      dcid = ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(&conn->dcid.retired.rb, i);
+      if (check_stateless_reset(dcid, path, &sr)) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (i == len) {
+      len = ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(&conn->dcid.bound.rb);
+      for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+        dcid = ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(&conn->dcid.bound.rb, i);
+        if (check_stateless_reset(dcid, path, &sr)) {
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (i == len) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  conn->state = NGTCP2_CS_DRAINING;
+
+  ngtcp2_log_rx_sr(&conn->log, &sr);
+
+  ngtcp2_qlog_stateless_reset_pkt_received(&conn->qlog, &sr);
+
+  return conn_call_recv_stateless_reset(conn, &sr);
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_recv_max_streams processes the incoming MAX_STREAMS frame
+ * |fr|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User callback failed.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING
+ *     The maximum streams field exceeds the maximum value.
+ */
+static int conn_recv_max_streams(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                 const ngtcp2_max_streams *fr) {
+  uint64_t n;
+
+  if (fr->max_streams > NGTCP2_MAX_STREAMS) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  n = ngtcp2_min(fr->max_streams, NGTCP2_MAX_STREAMS);
+
+  if (fr->type == NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_STREAMS_BIDI) {
+    if (conn->local.bidi.max_streams < n) {
+      conn->local.bidi.max_streams = n;
+      return conn_call_extend_max_local_streams_bidi(conn, n);
+    }
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (conn->local.uni.max_streams < n) {
+    conn->local.uni.max_streams = n;
+    return conn_call_extend_max_local_streams_uni(conn, n);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int conn_retire_dcid_prior_to(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_ringbuf *rb,
+                                     uint64_t retire_prior_to) {
+  size_t i;
+  ngtcp2_dcid *dcid, *last;
+  int rv;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(rb);) {
+    dcid = ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(rb, i);
+    if (dcid->seq >= retire_prior_to) {
+      ++i;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    rv = conn_retire_dcid_seq(conn, dcid->seq);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    if (i == 0) {
+      ngtcp2_ringbuf_pop_front(rb);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (i == ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(rb) - 1) {
+      ngtcp2_ringbuf_pop_back(rb);
+      break;
+    }
+
+    last = ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(rb, ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(rb) - 1);
+    ngtcp2_dcid_copy(dcid, last);
+    ngtcp2_ringbuf_pop_back(rb);
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_recv_new_connection_id processes the incoming
+ * NEW_CONNECTION_ID frame |fr|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO
+ *     |fr| has the duplicated sequence number with different CID or
+ *     token; or DCID is zero-length.
+ */
+static int conn_recv_new_connection_id(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                       const ngtcp2_new_connection_id *fr) {
+  size_t i, len;
+  ngtcp2_dcid *dcid;
+  ngtcp2_pv *pv = conn->pv;
+  int rv;
+  int found = 0;
+  size_t extra_dcid = 0;
+
+  if (conn->dcid.current.cid.datalen == 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO;
+  }
+
+  if (fr->retire_prior_to > fr->seq) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_dcid_verify_uniqueness(&conn->dcid.current, fr->seq, &fr->cid,
+                                     fr->stateless_reset_token);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+  if (ngtcp2_cid_eq(&conn->dcid.current.cid, &fr->cid)) {
+    found = 1;
+  }
+
+  if (pv) {
+    rv = ngtcp2_dcid_verify_uniqueness(&pv->dcid, fr->seq, &fr->cid,
+                                       fr->stateless_reset_token);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+    if (ngtcp2_cid_eq(&pv->dcid.cid, &fr->cid)) {
+      found = 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  len = ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(&conn->dcid.bound.rb);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+    dcid = ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(&conn->dcid.bound.rb, i);
+    rv = ngtcp2_dcid_verify_uniqueness(dcid, fr->seq, &fr->cid,
+                                       fr->stateless_reset_token);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO;
+    }
+    if (ngtcp2_cid_eq(&dcid->cid, &fr->cid)) {
+      found = 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  len = ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(&conn->dcid.unused.rb);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+    dcid = ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(&conn->dcid.unused.rb, i);
+    rv = ngtcp2_dcid_verify_uniqueness(dcid, fr->seq, &fr->cid,
+                                       fr->stateless_reset_token);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO;
+    }
+    if (ngtcp2_cid_eq(&dcid->cid, &fr->cid)) {
+      found = 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (conn->dcid.retire_prior_to < fr->retire_prior_to) {
+    conn->dcid.retire_prior_to = fr->retire_prior_to;
+
+    rv = conn_retire_dcid_prior_to(conn, &conn->dcid.bound.rb,
+                                   fr->retire_prior_to);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    rv = conn_retire_dcid_prior_to(conn, &conn->dcid.unused.rb,
+                                   conn->dcid.retire_prior_to);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+  } else if (fr->seq < conn->dcid.retire_prior_to) {
+    /* If packets are reordered, we might have retire_prior_to which
+       is larger than fr->seq.
+
+       A malicious peer might send crafted NEW_CONNECTION_ID to force
+       local endpoint to create lots of RETIRE_CONNECTION_ID frames.
+       For example, a peer might send seq = 50000 and retire_prior_to
+       = 50000.  Then send NEW_CONNECTION_ID frames with seq <
+       50000. */
+    return conn_retire_dcid_seq(conn, fr->seq);
+  }
+
+  if (found) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (ngtcp2_gaptr_is_pushed(&conn->dcid.seqgap, fr->seq, 1)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_gaptr_push(&conn->dcid.seqgap, fr->seq, 1);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  if (ngtcp2_ksl_len(&conn->dcid.seqgap.gap) > 32) {
+    ngtcp2_gaptr_drop_first_gap(&conn->dcid.seqgap);
+  }
+
+  len = ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(&conn->dcid.unused.rb);
+
+  if (conn->dcid.current.seq >= conn->dcid.retire_prior_to) {
+    ++extra_dcid;
+  }
+  if (pv) {
+    if (pv->dcid.seq != conn->dcid.current.seq &&
+        pv->dcid.seq >= conn->dcid.retire_prior_to) {
+      ++extra_dcid;
+    }
+    if ((pv->flags & NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_FALLBACK_ON_FAILURE) &&
+        pv->fallback_dcid.seq != conn->dcid.current.seq &&
+        pv->fallback_dcid.seq >= conn->dcid.retire_prior_to) {
+      ++extra_dcid;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (conn->local.transport_params.active_connection_id_limit <=
+      len + extra_dcid) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CONNECTION_ID_LIMIT;
+  }
+
+  if (len >= NGTCP2_MAX_DCID_POOL_SIZE) {
+    ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_CON, "too many connection ID");
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  dcid = ngtcp2_ringbuf_push_back(&conn->dcid.unused.rb);
+  ngtcp2_dcid_init(dcid, fr->seq, &fr->cid, fr->stateless_reset_token);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_post_process_recv_new_connection_id handles retirement request
+ * of active DCIDs.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User-defined callback function failed.
+ */
+static int conn_post_process_recv_new_connection_id(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                                    ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_pv *pv = conn->pv;
+  ngtcp2_dcid *dcid;
+  int rv;
+
+  if (conn->dcid.current.seq < conn->dcid.retire_prior_to) {
+    if (ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(&conn->dcid.unused.rb) == 0) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    rv = conn_retire_dcid(conn, &conn->dcid.current, ts);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    dcid = ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(&conn->dcid.unused.rb, 0);
+    if (pv) {
+      if (conn->dcid.current.seq == pv->dcid.seq) {
+        ngtcp2_dcid_copy_cid_token(&pv->dcid, dcid);
+      }
+      if ((pv->flags & NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_FALLBACK_ON_FAILURE) &&
+          conn->dcid.current.seq == pv->fallback_dcid.seq) {
+        ngtcp2_dcid_copy_cid_token(&pv->fallback_dcid, dcid);
+      }
+    }
+
+    ngtcp2_dcid_copy_cid_token(&conn->dcid.current, dcid);
+    ngtcp2_ringbuf_pop_front(&conn->dcid.unused.rb);
+
+    rv = conn_call_activate_dcid(conn, &conn->dcid.current);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (pv) {
+    if (pv->dcid.seq < conn->dcid.retire_prior_to) {
+      if (ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(&conn->dcid.unused.rb)) {
+        rv = conn_retire_dcid(conn, &pv->dcid, ts);
+        if (rv != 0) {
+          return rv;
+        }
+
+        dcid = ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(&conn->dcid.unused.rb, 0);
+
+        if ((pv->flags & NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_FALLBACK_ON_FAILURE) &&
+            pv->dcid.seq == pv->fallback_dcid.seq) {
+          ngtcp2_dcid_copy_cid_token(&pv->fallback_dcid, dcid);
+        }
+
+        ngtcp2_dcid_copy_cid_token(&pv->dcid, dcid);
+        ngtcp2_ringbuf_pop_front(&conn->dcid.unused.rb);
+
+        rv = conn_call_activate_dcid(conn, &pv->dcid);
+        if (rv != 0) {
+          return rv;
+        }
+      } else {
+        ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PTV,
+                        "path migration is aborted because connection ID is"
+                        "retired and no unused connection ID is available");
+
+        return conn_abort_pv(conn, ts);
+      }
+    }
+    if ((pv->flags & NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_FALLBACK_ON_FAILURE) &&
+        pv->fallback_dcid.seq < conn->dcid.retire_prior_to) {
+      if (ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(&conn->dcid.unused.rb)) {
+        rv = conn_retire_dcid(conn, &pv->fallback_dcid, ts);
+        if (rv != 0) {
+          return rv;
+        }
+
+        dcid = ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(&conn->dcid.unused.rb, 0);
+        ngtcp2_dcid_copy_cid_token(&pv->fallback_dcid, dcid);
+        ngtcp2_ringbuf_pop_front(&conn->dcid.unused.rb);
+
+        rv = conn_call_activate_dcid(conn, &pv->fallback_dcid);
+        if (rv != 0) {
+          return rv;
+        }
+      } else {
+        /* Now we have no fallback dcid. */
+        return conn_abort_pv(conn, ts);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_recv_retire_connection_id processes the incoming
+ * RETIRE_CONNECTION_ID frame |fr|.  |hd| is a packet header which
+ * |fr| is included.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO
+ *     SCID is zero-length.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING
+ *     Attempt to retire CID which is used as DCID to send this frame.
+ */
+static int conn_recv_retire_connection_id(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                          const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                                          const ngtcp2_retire_connection_id *fr,
+                                          ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+  ngtcp2_scid *scid;
+
+  if (conn->oscid.datalen == 0 || conn->scid.last_seq < fr->seq) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO;
+  }
+
+  for (it = ngtcp2_ksl_begin(&conn->scid.set); !ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it);
+       ngtcp2_ksl_it_next(&it)) {
+    scid = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+    if (scid->seq == fr->seq) {
+      if (ngtcp2_cid_eq(&scid->cid, &hd->dcid)) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO;
+      }
+
+      if (!(scid->flags & NGTCP2_SCID_FLAG_RETIRED)) {
+        scid->flags |= NGTCP2_SCID_FLAG_RETIRED;
+        ++conn->scid.num_retired;
+      }
+
+      if (scid->pe.index != NGTCP2_PQ_BAD_INDEX) {
+        ngtcp2_pq_remove(&conn->scid.used, &scid->pe);
+        scid->pe.index = NGTCP2_PQ_BAD_INDEX;
+      }
+
+      scid->retired_ts = ts;
+
+      return ngtcp2_pq_push(&conn->scid.used, &scid->pe);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_recv_new_token processes the incoming NEW_TOKEN frame |fr|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING
+ *     Token is empty
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO:
+ *     Server received NEW_TOKEN.
+ */
+static int conn_recv_new_token(ngtcp2_conn *conn, const ngtcp2_new_token *fr) {
+  if (conn->server) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO;
+  }
+
+  if (fr->tokenlen == 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  return conn_call_recv_new_token(conn, fr->token, fr->tokenlen);
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_recv_streams_blocked_bidi processes the incoming
+ * STREAMS_BLOCKED (0x16).
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING
+ *     Maximum Streams is larger than advertised value.
+ */
+static int conn_recv_streams_blocked_bidi(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                          ngtcp2_streams_blocked *fr) {
+  if (fr->max_streams > conn->remote.bidi.max_streams) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_recv_streams_blocked_uni processes the incoming
+ * STREAMS_BLOCKED (0x17).
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING
+ *     Maximum Streams is larger than advertised value.
+ */
+static int conn_recv_streams_blocked_uni(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                         ngtcp2_streams_blocked *fr) {
+  if (fr->max_streams > conn->remote.uni.max_streams) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_select_preferred_addr asks a client application to select a
+ * server address from preferred addresses received from server.  If a
+ * client chooses the address, path validation will start.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User-defined callback function failed.
+ */
+static int conn_select_preferred_addr(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  ngtcp2_path_storage ps;
+  int rv;
+  ngtcp2_duration pto, initial_pto, timeout;
+  ngtcp2_pv *pv;
+  ngtcp2_dcid *dcid;
+
+  if (ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(&conn->dcid.unused.rb) == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_path_storage_zero(&ps);
+  ngtcp2_addr_copy(&ps.path.local, &conn->dcid.current.ps.path.local);
+
+  rv = conn_call_select_preferred_addr(conn, &ps.path);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  if (ps.path.remote.addrlen == 0 ||
+      ngtcp2_addr_eq(&conn->dcid.current.ps.path.remote, &ps.path.remote)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  assert(conn->pv == NULL);
+
+  dcid = ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(&conn->dcid.unused.rb, 0);
+  ngtcp2_dcid_set_path(dcid, &ps.path);
+
+  pto = conn_compute_pto(conn, &conn->pktns);
+  initial_pto = conn_compute_initial_pto(conn, &conn->pktns);
+  timeout = 3 * ngtcp2_max(pto, initial_pto);
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_pv_new(&pv, dcid, timeout, NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_PREFERRED_ADDR,
+                     &conn->log, conn->mem);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    /* TODO Call ngtcp2_dcid_free here if it is introduced */
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_ringbuf_pop_front(&conn->dcid.unused.rb);
+  conn->pv = pv;
+
+  return conn_call_activate_dcid(conn, &pv->dcid);
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_recv_handshake_done processes the incoming HANDSHAKE_DONE
+ * frame |fr|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO
+ *     Server received HANDSHAKE_DONE frame.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User-defined callback function failed.
+ */
+static int conn_recv_handshake_done(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  int rv;
+
+  if (conn->server) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO;
+  }
+
+  if (conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_HANDSHAKE_CONFIRMED) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  conn->flags |= NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_HANDSHAKE_CONFIRMED |
+                 NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_SERVER_ADDR_VERIFIED;
+
+  conn->pktns.rtb.persistent_congestion_start_ts = ts;
+
+  conn_discard_handshake_state(conn, ts);
+
+  assert(conn->remote.transport_params);
+
+  if (conn->remote.transport_params->preferred_address_present) {
+    rv = conn_select_preferred_addr(conn);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+  }
+
+  rv = conn_call_handshake_confirmed(conn);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  /* Re-arm loss detection timer after handshake has been
+     confirmed. */
+  ngtcp2_conn_set_loss_detection_timer(conn, ts);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_recv_datagram processes the incoming DATAGRAM frame |fr|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User-defined callback function failed.
+ */
+static int conn_recv_datagram(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_datagram *fr) {
+  assert(conn->local.transport_params.max_datagram_frame_size);
+
+  return conn_call_recv_datagram(conn, fr);
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_key_phase_changed returns nonzero if |hd| indicates that the
+ * key phase has unexpected value.
+ */
+static int conn_key_phase_changed(ngtcp2_conn *conn, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd) {
+  ngtcp2_pktns *pktns = &conn->pktns;
+
+  return !(pktns->crypto.rx.ckm->flags & NGTCP2_CRYPTO_KM_FLAG_KEY_PHASE_ONE) ^
+         !(hd->flags & NGTCP2_PKT_FLAG_KEY_PHASE);
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_prepare_key_update installs new updated keys.
+ */
+static int conn_prepare_key_update(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  int rv;
+  ngtcp2_tstamp confirmed_ts = conn->crypto.key_update.confirmed_ts;
+  ngtcp2_duration pto = conn_compute_pto(conn, &conn->pktns);
+  ngtcp2_pktns *pktns = &conn->pktns;
+  ngtcp2_crypto_km *rx_ckm = pktns->crypto.rx.ckm;
+  ngtcp2_crypto_km *tx_ckm = pktns->crypto.tx.ckm;
+  ngtcp2_crypto_km *new_rx_ckm, *new_tx_ckm;
+  ngtcp2_crypto_aead_ctx rx_aead_ctx = {0}, tx_aead_ctx = {0};
+  size_t secretlen, ivlen;
+
+  if ((conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_HANDSHAKE_CONFIRMED) &&
+      tx_ckm->use_count >= pktns->crypto.ctx.max_encryption &&
+      ngtcp2_conn_initiate_key_update(conn, ts) != 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_AEAD_LIMIT_REACHED;
+  }
+
+  if ((conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_KEY_UPDATE_NOT_CONFIRMED) ||
+      (confirmed_ts != UINT64_MAX && confirmed_ts + pto > ts)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (conn->crypto.key_update.new_rx_ckm ||
+      conn->crypto.key_update.new_tx_ckm) {
+    assert(conn->crypto.key_update.new_rx_ckm);
+    assert(conn->crypto.key_update.new_tx_ckm);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  secretlen = rx_ckm->secret.len;
+  ivlen = rx_ckm->iv.len;
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_crypto_km_nocopy_new(&conn->crypto.key_update.new_rx_ckm,
+                                   secretlen, ivlen, conn->mem);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_crypto_km_nocopy_new(&conn->crypto.key_update.new_tx_ckm,
+                                   secretlen, ivlen, conn->mem);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  new_rx_ckm = conn->crypto.key_update.new_rx_ckm;
+  new_tx_ckm = conn->crypto.key_update.new_tx_ckm;
+
+  rv = conn_call_update_key(
+      conn, new_rx_ckm->secret.base, new_tx_ckm->secret.base, &rx_aead_ctx,
+      new_rx_ckm->iv.base, &tx_aead_ctx, new_tx_ckm->iv.base,
+      rx_ckm->secret.base, tx_ckm->secret.base, secretlen);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  new_rx_ckm->aead_ctx = rx_aead_ctx;
+  new_tx_ckm->aead_ctx = tx_aead_ctx;
+
+  if (!(rx_ckm->flags & NGTCP2_CRYPTO_KM_FLAG_KEY_PHASE_ONE)) {
+    new_rx_ckm->flags |= NGTCP2_CRYPTO_KM_FLAG_KEY_PHASE_ONE;
+    new_tx_ckm->flags |= NGTCP2_CRYPTO_KM_FLAG_KEY_PHASE_ONE;
+  }
+
+  if (conn->crypto.key_update.old_rx_ckm) {
+    conn_call_delete_crypto_aead_ctx(
+        conn, &conn->crypto.key_update.old_rx_ckm->aead_ctx);
+    ngtcp2_crypto_km_del(conn->crypto.key_update.old_rx_ckm, conn->mem);
+    conn->crypto.key_update.old_rx_ckm = NULL;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_rotate_keys rotates keys.  The current key moves to old key,
+ * and new key moves to the current key.  If the local endpoint
+ * initiated this key update, pass nonzero as |initiator|.
+ */
+static void conn_rotate_keys(ngtcp2_conn *conn, int64_t pkt_num,
+                             int initiator) {
+  ngtcp2_pktns *pktns = &conn->pktns;
+
+  assert(conn->crypto.key_update.new_rx_ckm);
+  assert(conn->crypto.key_update.new_tx_ckm);
+  assert(!conn->crypto.key_update.old_rx_ckm);
+  assert(!(conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_PPE_PENDING));
+
+  conn->crypto.key_update.old_rx_ckm = pktns->crypto.rx.ckm;
+
+  pktns->crypto.rx.ckm = conn->crypto.key_update.new_rx_ckm;
+  conn->crypto.key_update.new_rx_ckm = NULL;
+  pktns->crypto.rx.ckm->pkt_num = pkt_num;
+
+  assert(pktns->crypto.tx.ckm);
+
+  conn_call_delete_crypto_aead_ctx(conn, &pktns->crypto.tx.ckm->aead_ctx);
+  ngtcp2_crypto_km_del(pktns->crypto.tx.ckm, conn->mem);
+
+  pktns->crypto.tx.ckm = conn->crypto.key_update.new_tx_ckm;
+  conn->crypto.key_update.new_tx_ckm = NULL;
+  pktns->crypto.tx.ckm->pkt_num = pktns->tx.last_pkt_num + 1;
+
+  conn->flags |= NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_KEY_UPDATE_NOT_CONFIRMED;
+  if (initiator) {
+    conn->flags |= NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_KEY_UPDATE_INITIATOR;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_path_validation_in_progress returns nonzero if path validation
+ * against |path| is underway.
+ */
+static int conn_path_validation_in_progress(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                            const ngtcp2_path *path) {
+  ngtcp2_pv *pv = conn->pv;
+
+  return pv && ngtcp2_path_eq(&pv->dcid.ps.path, path);
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_recv_non_probing_pkt_on_new_path is called when non-probing
+ * packet is received via new path.  It starts path validation against
+ * the new path.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CONN_ID_BLOCKED
+ *     No DCID is available
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory
+ */
+static int conn_recv_non_probing_pkt_on_new_path(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                                 const ngtcp2_path *path,
+                                                 size_t dgramlen,
+                                                 int new_cid_used,
+                                                 ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+
+  ngtcp2_dcid dcid, *bound_dcid, *last;
+  ngtcp2_pv *pv;
+  int rv;
+  ngtcp2_duration pto, initial_pto, timeout;
+  int require_new_cid;
+  int local_addr_eq;
+  uint32_t remote_addr_cmp;
+  size_t len, i;
+
+  assert(conn->server);
+
+  if (conn->pv && (conn->pv->flags & NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_FALLBACK_ON_FAILURE) &&
+      ngtcp2_path_eq(&conn->pv->fallback_dcid.ps.path, path)) {
+    /* If new path equals fallback path, that means connection
+       migrated back to the original path.  Fallback path is
+       considered to be validated. */
+    ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PTV,
+                    "path is migrated back to the original path");
+    ngtcp2_dcid_copy(&conn->dcid.current, &conn->pv->fallback_dcid);
+    conn_reset_congestion_state(conn, ts);
+    conn->dcid.current.bytes_recv += dgramlen;
+    conn_reset_ecn_validation_state(conn);
+
+    rv = conn_abort_pv(conn, ts);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    /* Run PMTUD just in case if it is prematurely aborted */
+    assert(!conn->pmtud);
+
+    return conn_start_pmtud(conn);
+  }
+
+  remote_addr_cmp =
+      ngtcp2_addr_compare(&conn->dcid.current.ps.path.remote, &path->remote);
+  local_addr_eq =
+      ngtcp2_addr_eq(&conn->dcid.current.ps.path.local, &path->local);
+
+  /*
+   * When to change DCID?  RFC 9002 section 9.5 says:
+   *
+   * An endpoint MUST NOT reuse a connection ID when sending from more
+   * than one local address -- for example, when initiating connection
+   * migration as described in Section 9.2 or when probing a new
+   * network path as described in Section 9.1.
+   *
+   * Similarly, an endpoint MUST NOT reuse a connection ID when
+   * sending to more than one destination address.  Due to network
+   * changes outside the control of its peer, an endpoint might
+   * receive packets from a new source address with the same
+   * Destination Connection ID field value, in which case it MAY
+   * continue to use the current connection ID with the new remote
+   * address while still sending from the same local address.
+   */
+  require_new_cid = conn->dcid.current.cid.datalen &&
+                    ((new_cid_used && remote_addr_cmp) || !local_addr_eq);
+
+  ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_CON,
+                  "non-probing packet was received from new remote address");
+
+  pto = conn_compute_pto(conn, &conn->pktns);
+  initial_pto = conn_compute_initial_pto(conn, &conn->pktns);
+  timeout = 3 * ngtcp2_max(pto, initial_pto);
+
+  len = ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(&conn->dcid.bound.rb);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+    bound_dcid = ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(&conn->dcid.bound.rb, i);
+    if (ngtcp2_path_eq(&bound_dcid->ps.path, path)) {
+      ngtcp2_log_info(
+          &conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_CON,
+          "Found DCID which has already been bound to the new path");
+
+      ngtcp2_dcid_copy(&dcid, bound_dcid);
+      if (i == 0) {
+        ngtcp2_ringbuf_pop_front(&conn->dcid.bound.rb);
+      } else if (i == ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(&conn->dcid.bound.rb) - 1) {
+        ngtcp2_ringbuf_pop_back(&conn->dcid.bound.rb);
+      } else {
+        last = ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(&conn->dcid.bound.rb, len - 1);
+        ngtcp2_dcid_copy(bound_dcid, last);
+        ngtcp2_ringbuf_pop_back(&conn->dcid.bound.rb);
+      }
+      require_new_cid = 0;
+
+      if (dcid.cid.datalen) {
+        rv = conn_call_activate_dcid(conn, &dcid);
+        if (rv != 0) {
+          return rv;
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (i == len) {
+    if (require_new_cid) {
+      if (ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(&conn->dcid.unused.rb) == 0) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_CONN_ID_BLOCKED;
+      }
+      ngtcp2_dcid_copy(&dcid, ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(&conn->dcid.unused.rb, 0));
+      ngtcp2_ringbuf_pop_front(&conn->dcid.unused.rb);
+
+      rv = conn_call_activate_dcid(conn, &dcid);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+    } else {
+      /* Use the current DCID if a remote endpoint does not change
+         DCID. */
+      ngtcp2_dcid_copy(&dcid, &conn->dcid.current);
+      dcid.bytes_sent = 0;
+      dcid.bytes_recv = 0;
+      dcid.flags &= (uint8_t)~NGTCP2_DCID_FLAG_PATH_VALIDATED;
+    }
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_dcid_set_path(&dcid, path);
+  dcid.bytes_recv += dgramlen;
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_pv_new(&pv, &dcid, timeout, NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_FALLBACK_ON_FAILURE,
+                     &conn->log, conn->mem);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  if (conn->pv && (conn->pv->flags & NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_FALLBACK_ON_FAILURE)) {
+    ngtcp2_dcid_copy(&pv->fallback_dcid, &conn->pv->fallback_dcid);
+    pv->fallback_pto = conn->pv->fallback_pto;
+    /* Unset the flag bit so that conn_stop_pv does not retire
+       DCID. */
+    conn->pv->flags &= (uint8_t)~NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_FALLBACK_ON_FAILURE;
+  } else {
+    ngtcp2_dcid_copy(&pv->fallback_dcid, &conn->dcid.current);
+    pv->fallback_pto = pto;
+  }
+
+  if (!local_addr_eq || (remote_addr_cmp & (NGTCP2_ADDR_COMPARE_FLAG_ADDR |
+                                            NGTCP2_ADDR_COMPARE_FLAG_FAMILY))) {
+    conn_reset_congestion_state(conn, ts);
+  } else {
+    /* For NAT rebinding, keep max_udp_payload_size since client most
+       likely does not send a padded PATH_CHALLENGE. */
+    dcid.max_udp_payload_size = ngtcp2_max(
+        dcid.max_udp_payload_size, conn->dcid.current.max_udp_payload_size);
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_dcid_copy(&conn->dcid.current, &dcid);
+
+  conn_reset_ecn_validation_state(conn);
+
+  ngtcp2_conn_stop_pmtud(conn);
+
+  if (conn->pv) {
+    ngtcp2_log_info(
+        &conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PTV,
+        "path migration is aborted because new migration has started");
+    rv = conn_abort_pv(conn, ts);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+  }
+
+  conn->pv = pv;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_recv_pkt_from_new_path is called when a 1RTT packet is
+ * received from new path (not current path).  This packet would be a
+ * packet which only contains probing frame, or reordered packet, or a
+ * path is being validated.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CONN_ID_BLOCKED
+ *     No unused DCID is available
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory
+ */
+static int conn_recv_pkt_from_new_path(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                       const ngtcp2_path *path, size_t dgramlen,
+                                       int path_challenge_recved,
+                                       ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_pv *pv = conn->pv;
+  ngtcp2_dcid *bound_dcid;
+  int rv;
+
+  if (pv) {
+    if (ngtcp2_path_eq(&pv->dcid.ps.path, path)) {
+      pv->dcid.bytes_recv += dgramlen;
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    if ((pv->flags & NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_FALLBACK_ON_FAILURE) &&
+        ngtcp2_path_eq(&pv->fallback_dcid.ps.path, path)) {
+      pv->fallback_dcid.bytes_recv += dgramlen;
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!path_challenge_recved) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  rv = conn_bind_dcid(conn, &bound_dcid, path, ts);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_dcid_set_path(bound_dcid, path);
+  bound_dcid->bytes_recv += dgramlen;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_recv_delayed_handshake_pkt processes the received Handshake
+ * packet which is received after handshake completed.  This function
+ * does the minimal job, and its purpose is send acknowledgement of
+ * this packet to the peer.  We assume that hd->type ==
+ * NGTCP2_PKT_HANDSHAKE.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING
+ *     Frame is badly formatted; or frame type is unknown.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT
+ *     Packet was discarded.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_ACK_FRAME
+ *     ACK frame is malformed.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO
+ *     Frame that is not allowed in Handshake packet is received.
+ */
+static int
+conn_recv_delayed_handshake_pkt(ngtcp2_conn *conn, const ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi,
+                                const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd, size_t pktlen,
+                                const uint8_t *payload, size_t payloadlen,
+                                ngtcp2_tstamp pkt_ts, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_ssize nread;
+  ngtcp2_max_frame mfr;
+  ngtcp2_frame *fr = &mfr.fr;
+  int rv;
+  int require_ack = 0;
+  ngtcp2_pktns *pktns;
+
+  assert(hd->type == NGTCP2_PKT_HANDSHAKE);
+
+  pktns = conn->hs_pktns;
+
+  if (payloadlen == 0) {
+    /* QUIC packet must contain at least one frame */
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_qlog_pkt_received_start(&conn->qlog);
+
+  for (; payloadlen;) {
+    nread = ngtcp2_pkt_decode_frame(fr, payload, payloadlen);
+    if (nread < 0) {
+      return (int)nread;
+    }
+
+    payload += nread;
+    payloadlen -= (size_t)nread;
+
+    switch (fr->type) {
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK:
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK_ECN:
+      fr->ack.ack_delay = 0;
+      fr->ack.ack_delay_unscaled = 0;
+      break;
+    }
+
+    ngtcp2_log_rx_fr(&conn->log, hd, fr);
+
+    switch (fr->type) {
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK:
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK_ECN:
+      if (!conn->server) {
+        conn->flags |= NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_SERVER_ADDR_VERIFIED;
+      }
+      rv = conn_recv_ack(conn, pktns, &fr->ack, pkt_ts, ts);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_PADDING:
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_CONNECTION_CLOSE:
+      rv = conn_recv_connection_close(conn, &fr->connection_close);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_CRYPTO:
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_PING:
+      require_ack = 1;
+      break;
+    default:
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO;
+    }
+
+    ngtcp2_qlog_write_frame(&conn->qlog, fr);
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_qlog_pkt_received_end(&conn->qlog, hd, pktlen);
+
+  rv = pktns_commit_recv_pkt_num(pktns, hd->pkt_num, require_ack, pkt_ts);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  pktns_increase_ecn_counts(pktns, pi);
+
+  if (require_ack &&
+      (++pktns->acktr.rx_npkt >= conn->local.settings.ack_thresh ||
+       (pi->ecn & NGTCP2_ECN_MASK) == NGTCP2_ECN_CE)) {
+    ngtcp2_acktr_immediate_ack(&pktns->acktr);
+  }
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_conn_sched_ack(conn, &pktns->acktr, hd->pkt_num, require_ack,
+                             pkt_ts);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  conn_restart_timer_on_read(conn, ts);
+
+  ngtcp2_qlog_metrics_updated(&conn->qlog, &conn->cstat);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_allow_path_change_under_disable_active_migration returns
+ * nonzero if a packet from |path| is acceptable under
+ * disable_active_migration is on.
+ */
+static int
+conn_allow_path_change_under_disable_active_migration(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                                      const ngtcp2_path *path) {
+  uint32_t remote_addr_cmp;
+  const ngtcp2_preferred_addr *paddr;
+  ngtcp2_addr addr;
+
+  assert(conn->server);
+  assert(conn->local.transport_params.disable_active_migration);
+
+  /* If local address does not change, it must be passive migration
+     (NAT rebinding). */
+  if (ngtcp2_addr_eq(&conn->dcid.current.ps.path.local, &path->local)) {
+    remote_addr_cmp =
+        ngtcp2_addr_compare(&conn->dcid.current.ps.path.remote, &path->remote);
+
+    return (remote_addr_cmp | NGTCP2_ADDR_COMPARE_FLAG_PORT) ==
+           NGTCP2_ADDR_COMPARE_FLAG_PORT;
+  }
+
+  /* If local address changes, it must be one of the preferred
+     addresses. */
+
+  if (!conn->local.transport_params.preferred_address_present) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  paddr = &conn->local.transport_params.preferred_address;
+
+  if (paddr->ipv4_present) {
+    ngtcp2_addr_init(&addr, (const ngtcp2_sockaddr *)&paddr->ipv4,
+                     sizeof(paddr->ipv4));
+
+    if (ngtcp2_addr_eq(&addr, &path->local)) {
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (paddr->ipv6_present) {
+    ngtcp2_addr_init(&addr, (const ngtcp2_sockaddr *)&paddr->ipv6,
+                     sizeof(paddr->ipv6));
+
+    if (ngtcp2_addr_eq(&addr, &path->local)) {
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_recv_pkt processes a packet contained in the buffer pointed by
+ * |pkt| of length |pktlen|.  |pkt| may contain multiple QUIC packets.
+ * This function only processes the first packet.  |pkt_ts| is the
+ * timestamp when packet is received.  |ts| should be the current
+ * time.  Usually they are the same, but for buffered packets,
+ * |pkt_ts| would be earlier than |ts|.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes processed if it succeeds,
+ * or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT
+ *     Packet was discarded because plain text header was malformed;
+ *     or its payload could not be decrypted.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO
+ *     Packet is badly formatted; or 0RTT packet contains other than
+ *     PADDING or STREAM frames; or other QUIC protocol violation is
+ *     found.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User-defined callback function failed.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING
+ *     Frame is badly formatted; or frame type is unknown.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_ACK_FRAME
+ *     ACK frame is malformed.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_STATE
+ *     Frame is received to the local stream which is not initiated.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_LIMIT
+ *     Frame has remote stream ID which is strictly greater than the
+ *     allowed limit.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_FLOW_CONTROL
+ *     Flow control limit is violated.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_FINAL_SIZE
+ *     Frame has strictly larger end offset than it is permitted.
+ */
+static ngtcp2_ssize conn_recv_pkt(ngtcp2_conn *conn, const ngtcp2_path *path,
+                                  const ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi, const uint8_t *pkt,
+                                  size_t pktlen, size_t dgramlen,
+                                  ngtcp2_tstamp pkt_ts, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_pkt_hd hd;
+  int rv = 0;
+  size_t hdpktlen;
+  const uint8_t *payload;
+  size_t payloadlen;
+  ngtcp2_ssize nread, nwrite;
+  ngtcp2_max_frame mfr;
+  ngtcp2_frame *fr = &mfr.fr;
+  int require_ack = 0;
+  ngtcp2_crypto_aead *aead;
+  ngtcp2_crypto_cipher *hp;
+  ngtcp2_crypto_km *ckm;
+  ngtcp2_crypto_cipher_ctx *hp_ctx;
+  ngtcp2_hp_mask hp_mask;
+  ngtcp2_decrypt decrypt;
+  ngtcp2_pktns *pktns;
+  int non_probing_pkt = 0;
+  int key_phase_bit_changed = 0;
+  int force_decrypt_failure = 0;
+  int recv_ncid = 0;
+  int new_cid_used = 0;
+  int path_challenge_recved = 0;
+
+  if (conn->server && conn->local.transport_params.disable_active_migration &&
+      !ngtcp2_path_eq(&conn->dcid.current.ps.path, path) &&
+      !conn_allow_path_change_under_disable_active_migration(conn, path)) {
+    ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                    "packet is discarded because active migration is disabled");
+
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+  }
+
+  if (pkt[0] & NGTCP2_HEADER_FORM_BIT) {
+    nread = ngtcp2_pkt_decode_hd_long(&hd, pkt, pktlen);
+    if (nread < 0) {
+      ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                      "could not decode long header");
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+    }
+
+    if (pktlen < (size_t)nread + hd.len) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+    }
+
+    assert(conn->negotiated_version);
+
+    if (hd.version != conn->client_chosen_version &&
+        hd.version != conn->negotiated_version) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+    }
+
+    pktlen = (size_t)nread + hd.len;
+
+    /* Quoted from spec: if subsequent packets of those types include
+       a different Source Connection ID, they MUST be discarded. */
+    if (!ngtcp2_cid_eq(&conn->dcid.current.cid, &hd.scid)) {
+      ngtcp2_log_rx_pkt_hd(&conn->log, &hd);
+      ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                      "packet was ignored because of mismatched SCID");
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+    }
+
+    switch (hd.type) {
+    case NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL:
+      ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                      "delayed Initial packet was discarded");
+      return (ngtcp2_ssize)pktlen;
+    case NGTCP2_PKT_HANDSHAKE:
+      if (hd.version != conn->negotiated_version) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+      }
+
+      if (!conn->hs_pktns) {
+        ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                        "delayed Handshake packet was discarded");
+        return (ngtcp2_ssize)pktlen;
+      }
+
+      pktns = conn->hs_pktns;
+      aead = &pktns->crypto.ctx.aead;
+      hp = &pktns->crypto.ctx.hp;
+      ckm = pktns->crypto.rx.ckm;
+      hp_ctx = &pktns->crypto.rx.hp_ctx;
+      hp_mask = conn->callbacks.hp_mask;
+      decrypt = conn->callbacks.decrypt;
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_PKT_0RTT:
+      if (!conn->server || hd.version != conn->client_chosen_version) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+      }
+
+      if (!conn->early.ckm) {
+        return (ngtcp2_ssize)pktlen;
+      }
+
+      pktns = &conn->pktns;
+      aead = &conn->early.ctx.aead;
+      hp = &conn->early.ctx.hp;
+      ckm = conn->early.ckm;
+      hp_ctx = &conn->early.hp_ctx;
+      hp_mask = conn->callbacks.hp_mask;
+      decrypt = conn->callbacks.decrypt;
+      break;
+    default:
+      ngtcp2_log_rx_pkt_hd(&conn->log, &hd);
+      ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                      "packet type 0x%02x was ignored", hd.type);
+      return (ngtcp2_ssize)pktlen;
+    }
+  } else {
+    nread = ngtcp2_pkt_decode_hd_short(&hd, pkt, pktlen, conn->oscid.datalen);
+    if (nread < 0) {
+      ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                      "could not decode short header");
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+    }
+
+    pktns = &conn->pktns;
+    aead = &pktns->crypto.ctx.aead;
+    hp = &pktns->crypto.ctx.hp;
+    ckm = pktns->crypto.rx.ckm;
+    hp_ctx = &pktns->crypto.rx.hp_ctx;
+    hp_mask = conn->callbacks.hp_mask;
+    decrypt = conn->callbacks.decrypt;
+  }
+
+  rv = conn_ensure_decrypt_hp_buffer(conn, (size_t)nread + 4);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  nwrite = decrypt_hp(&hd, conn->crypto.decrypt_hp_buf.base, hp, pkt, pktlen,
+                      (size_t)nread, hp_ctx, hp_mask);
+  if (nwrite < 0) {
+    if (ngtcp2_err_is_fatal((int)nwrite)) {
+      return nwrite;
+    }
+    ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                    "could not decrypt packet number");
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+  }
+
+  hdpktlen = (size_t)nwrite;
+  payload = pkt + hdpktlen;
+  payloadlen = pktlen - hdpktlen;
+
+  hd.pkt_num = ngtcp2_pkt_adjust_pkt_num(pktns->rx.max_pkt_num, hd.pkt_num,
+                                         pkt_num_bits(hd.pkt_numlen));
+  if (hd.pkt_num > NGTCP2_MAX_PKT_NUM) {
+    ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                    "pkn=%" PRId64 " is greater than maximum pkn", hd.pkt_num);
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_log_rx_pkt_hd(&conn->log, &hd);
+
+  if (hd.type == NGTCP2_PKT_1RTT) {
+    key_phase_bit_changed = conn_key_phase_changed(conn, &hd);
+  }
+
+  rv = conn_ensure_decrypt_buffer(conn, payloadlen);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  if (key_phase_bit_changed) {
+    assert(hd.type == NGTCP2_PKT_1RTT);
+
+    ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT, "unexpected KEY_PHASE");
+
+    if (ckm->pkt_num > hd.pkt_num) {
+      if (conn->crypto.key_update.old_rx_ckm) {
+        ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                        "decrypting with old key");
+        ckm = conn->crypto.key_update.old_rx_ckm;
+      } else {
+        force_decrypt_failure = 1;
+      }
+    } else if (pktns->rx.max_pkt_num < hd.pkt_num) {
+      assert(ckm->pkt_num < hd.pkt_num);
+      if (!conn->crypto.key_update.new_rx_ckm) {
+        ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                        "new key is not available");
+        force_decrypt_failure = 1;
+      } else {
+        ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                        "decrypting with new key");
+        ckm = conn->crypto.key_update.new_rx_ckm;
+      }
+    } else {
+      force_decrypt_failure = 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  nwrite = decrypt_pkt(conn->crypto.decrypt_buf.base, aead, payload, payloadlen,
+                       conn->crypto.decrypt_hp_buf.base, hdpktlen, hd.pkt_num,
+                       ckm, decrypt);
+
+  if (force_decrypt_failure) {
+    nwrite = NGTCP2_ERR_DECRYPT;
+  }
+
+  if (nwrite < 0) {
+    if (ngtcp2_err_is_fatal((int)nwrite)) {
+      return nwrite;
+    }
+
+    assert(NGTCP2_ERR_DECRYPT == nwrite);
+
+    if (hd.type == NGTCP2_PKT_1RTT &&
+        ++conn->crypto.decryption_failure_count >=
+            pktns->crypto.ctx.max_decryption_failure) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_AEAD_LIMIT_REACHED;
+    }
+
+    if (hd.flags & NGTCP2_PKT_FLAG_LONG_FORM) {
+      ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                      "could not decrypt packet payload");
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+    }
+
+    ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                    "could not decrypt packet payload");
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+  }
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_pkt_verify_reserved_bits(conn->crypto.decrypt_hp_buf.base[0]);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                    "packet has incorrect reserved bits");
+
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO;
+  }
+
+  if (pktns_pkt_num_is_duplicate(pktns, hd.pkt_num)) {
+    ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                    "packet was discarded because of duplicated packet number");
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+  }
+
+  payload = conn->crypto.decrypt_buf.base;
+  payloadlen = (size_t)nwrite;
+
+  if (payloadlen == 0) {
+    /* QUIC packet must contain at least one frame */
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO;
+  }
+
+  if (hd.flags & NGTCP2_PKT_FLAG_LONG_FORM) {
+    switch (hd.type) {
+    case NGTCP2_PKT_HANDSHAKE:
+      rv = conn_verify_dcid(conn, NULL, &hd);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        if (ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv)) {
+          return rv;
+        }
+        ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                        "packet was ignored because of mismatched DCID");
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+      }
+
+      rv = conn_recv_delayed_handshake_pkt(conn, pi, &hd, pktlen, payload,
+                                           payloadlen, pkt_ts, ts);
+      if (rv < 0) {
+        return (ngtcp2_ssize)rv;
+      }
+
+      return (ngtcp2_ssize)pktlen;
+    case NGTCP2_PKT_0RTT:
+      if (!ngtcp2_cid_eq(&conn->rcid, &hd.dcid)) {
+        rv = conn_verify_dcid(conn, NULL, &hd);
+        if (rv != 0) {
+          if (ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv)) {
+            return rv;
+          }
+          ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                          "packet was ignored because of mismatched DCID");
+          return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      /* Unreachable */
+      ngtcp2_unreachable();
+    }
+  } else {
+    rv = conn_verify_dcid(conn, &new_cid_used, &hd);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      if (ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv)) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                      "packet was ignored because of mismatched DCID");
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT;
+    }
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_qlog_pkt_received_start(&conn->qlog);
+
+  for (; payloadlen;) {
+    nread = ngtcp2_pkt_decode_frame(fr, payload, payloadlen);
+    if (nread < 0) {
+      return nread;
+    }
+
+    payload += nread;
+    payloadlen -= (size_t)nread;
+
+    switch (fr->type) {
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK:
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK_ECN:
+      if ((hd.flags & NGTCP2_PKT_FLAG_LONG_FORM) &&
+          hd.type == NGTCP2_PKT_0RTT) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO;
+      }
+      assert(conn->remote.transport_params);
+      assign_recved_ack_delay_unscaled(
+          &fr->ack, conn->remote.transport_params->ack_delay_exponent);
+      break;
+    }
+
+    ngtcp2_log_rx_fr(&conn->log, &hd, fr);
+
+    if (hd.type == NGTCP2_PKT_0RTT) {
+      switch (fr->type) {
+      case NGTCP2_FRAME_PADDING:
+      case NGTCP2_FRAME_PING:
+      case NGTCP2_FRAME_RESET_STREAM:
+      case NGTCP2_FRAME_STOP_SENDING:
+      case NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAM:
+      case NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_DATA:
+      case NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_STREAM_DATA:
+      case NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_STREAMS_BIDI:
+      case NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_STREAMS_UNI:
+      case NGTCP2_FRAME_DATA_BLOCKED:
+      case NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAM_DATA_BLOCKED:
+      case NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAMS_BLOCKED_BIDI:
+      case NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAMS_BLOCKED_UNI:
+      case NGTCP2_FRAME_NEW_CONNECTION_ID:
+      case NGTCP2_FRAME_PATH_CHALLENGE:
+      case NGTCP2_FRAME_CONNECTION_CLOSE:
+      case NGTCP2_FRAME_CONNECTION_CLOSE_APP:
+      case NGTCP2_FRAME_DATAGRAM:
+      case NGTCP2_FRAME_DATAGRAM_LEN:
+        break;
+      default:
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO;
+      }
+    }
+
+    switch (fr->type) {
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK:
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK_ECN:
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_PADDING:
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_CONNECTION_CLOSE:
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_CONNECTION_CLOSE_APP:
+      break;
+    default:
+      require_ack = 1;
+    }
+
+    switch (fr->type) {
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK:
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK_ECN:
+      if (!conn->server) {
+        conn->flags |= NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_SERVER_ADDR_VERIFIED;
+      }
+      rv = conn_recv_ack(conn, pktns, &fr->ack, pkt_ts, ts);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      non_probing_pkt = 1;
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAM:
+      rv = conn_recv_stream(conn, &fr->stream);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      non_probing_pkt = 1;
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_CRYPTO:
+      rv = conn_recv_crypto(conn, NGTCP2_CRYPTO_LEVEL_APPLICATION,
+                            &pktns->crypto.strm, &fr->crypto);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      non_probing_pkt = 1;
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_RESET_STREAM:
+      rv = conn_recv_reset_stream(conn, &fr->reset_stream);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      non_probing_pkt = 1;
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_STOP_SENDING:
+      rv = conn_recv_stop_sending(conn, &fr->stop_sending);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      non_probing_pkt = 1;
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_STREAM_DATA:
+      rv = conn_recv_max_stream_data(conn, &fr->max_stream_data);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      non_probing_pkt = 1;
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_DATA:
+      conn_recv_max_data(conn, &fr->max_data);
+      non_probing_pkt = 1;
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_STREAMS_BIDI:
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_STREAMS_UNI:
+      rv = conn_recv_max_streams(conn, &fr->max_streams);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      non_probing_pkt = 1;
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_CONNECTION_CLOSE:
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_CONNECTION_CLOSE_APP:
+      rv = conn_recv_connection_close(conn, &fr->connection_close);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_PING:
+      non_probing_pkt = 1;
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_PATH_CHALLENGE:
+      conn_recv_path_challenge(conn, path, &fr->path_challenge);
+      path_challenge_recved = 1;
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_PATH_RESPONSE:
+      rv = conn_recv_path_response(conn, &fr->path_response, ts);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_NEW_CONNECTION_ID:
+      rv = conn_recv_new_connection_id(conn, &fr->new_connection_id);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      recv_ncid = 1;
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_RETIRE_CONNECTION_ID:
+      rv = conn_recv_retire_connection_id(conn, &hd, &fr->retire_connection_id,
+                                          ts);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      non_probing_pkt = 1;
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_NEW_TOKEN:
+      rv = conn_recv_new_token(conn, &fr->new_token);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      non_probing_pkt = 1;
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_HANDSHAKE_DONE:
+      rv = conn_recv_handshake_done(conn, ts);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      non_probing_pkt = 1;
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAMS_BLOCKED_BIDI:
+      rv = conn_recv_streams_blocked_bidi(conn, &fr->streams_blocked);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      non_probing_pkt = 1;
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAMS_BLOCKED_UNI:
+      rv = conn_recv_streams_blocked_uni(conn, &fr->streams_blocked);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      non_probing_pkt = 1;
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_DATA_BLOCKED:
+      /* TODO Not implemented yet */
+      non_probing_pkt = 1;
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_DATAGRAM:
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_DATAGRAM_LEN:
+      if ((uint64_t)nread >
+          conn->local.transport_params.max_datagram_frame_size) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO;
+      }
+      rv = conn_recv_datagram(conn, &fr->datagram);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      non_probing_pkt = 1;
+      break;
+    }
+
+    ngtcp2_qlog_write_frame(&conn->qlog, fr);
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_qlog_pkt_received_end(&conn->qlog, &hd, pktlen);
+
+  if (recv_ncid) {
+    rv = conn_post_process_recv_new_connection_id(conn, ts);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (conn->server && hd.type == NGTCP2_PKT_1RTT &&
+      !ngtcp2_path_eq(&conn->dcid.current.ps.path, path)) {
+    if (non_probing_pkt && pktns->rx.max_pkt_num < hd.pkt_num &&
+        !conn_path_validation_in_progress(conn, path)) {
+      rv = conn_recv_non_probing_pkt_on_new_path(conn, path, dgramlen,
+                                                 new_cid_used, ts);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        if (ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv)) {
+          return rv;
+        }
+
+        /* DCID is not available.  Just continue. */
+        assert(NGTCP2_ERR_CONN_ID_BLOCKED == rv);
+      }
+    } else {
+      rv = conn_recv_pkt_from_new_path(conn, path, dgramlen,
+                                       path_challenge_recved, ts);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        if (ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv)) {
+          return rv;
+        }
+
+        /* DCID is not available.  Just continue. */
+        assert(NGTCP2_ERR_CONN_ID_BLOCKED == rv);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (hd.type == NGTCP2_PKT_1RTT) {
+    if (ckm == conn->crypto.key_update.new_rx_ckm) {
+      ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_CON, "rotate keys");
+      conn_rotate_keys(conn, hd.pkt_num, /* initiator = */ 0);
+    } else if (ckm->pkt_num > hd.pkt_num) {
+      ckm->pkt_num = hd.pkt_num;
+    }
+
+    if (conn->server && conn->early.ckm &&
+        conn->early.discard_started_ts == UINT64_MAX) {
+      conn->early.discard_started_ts = ts;
+    }
+
+    if (ngtcp2_path_eq(&conn->dcid.current.ps.path, path)) {
+      conn_update_keep_alive_last_ts(conn, ts);
+    }
+  }
+
+  rv = pktns_commit_recv_pkt_num(pktns, hd.pkt_num, require_ack, pkt_ts);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  pktns_increase_ecn_counts(pktns, pi);
+
+  if (require_ack &&
+      (++pktns->acktr.rx_npkt >= conn->local.settings.ack_thresh ||
+       (pi->ecn & NGTCP2_ECN_MASK) == NGTCP2_ECN_CE)) {
+    ngtcp2_acktr_immediate_ack(&pktns->acktr);
+  }
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_conn_sched_ack(conn, &pktns->acktr, hd.pkt_num, require_ack,
+                             pkt_ts);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  conn_restart_timer_on_read(conn, ts);
+
+  ngtcp2_qlog_metrics_updated(&conn->qlog, &conn->cstat);
+
+  return conn->state == NGTCP2_CS_DRAINING ? NGTCP2_ERR_DRAINING
+                                           : (ngtcp2_ssize)pktlen;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_process_buffered_protected_pkt processes buffered 0RTT or 1RTT
+ * packets.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or the same negative error
+ * codes from conn_recv_pkt.
+ */
+static int conn_process_buffered_protected_pkt(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                               ngtcp2_pktns *pktns,
+                                               ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_ssize nread;
+  ngtcp2_pkt_chain **ppc, *next;
+  int rv;
+
+  ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_CON,
+                  "processing buffered protected packet");
+
+  for (ppc = &pktns->rx.buffed_pkts; *ppc;) {
+    next = (*ppc)->next;
+    nread = conn_recv_pkt(conn, &(*ppc)->path.path, &(*ppc)->pi, (*ppc)->pkt,
+                          (*ppc)->pktlen, (*ppc)->dgramlen, (*ppc)->ts, ts);
+    if (nread < 0 && !ngtcp2_err_is_fatal((int)nread) &&
+        nread != NGTCP2_ERR_DRAINING) {
+      /* TODO We don't know this is the first QUIC packet in a
+         datagram. */
+      rv = conn_on_stateless_reset(conn, &(*ppc)->path.path, (*ppc)->pkt,
+                                   (*ppc)->pktlen);
+      if (rv == 0) {
+        ngtcp2_pkt_chain_del(*ppc, conn->mem);
+        *ppc = next;
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_DRAINING;
+      }
+    }
+
+    ngtcp2_pkt_chain_del(*ppc, conn->mem);
+    *ppc = next;
+    if (nread < 0) {
+      if (nread == NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      return (int)nread;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_process_buffered_handshake_pkt processes buffered Handshake
+ * packets.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or the same negative error
+ * codes from conn_recv_handshake_pkt.
+ */
+static int conn_process_buffered_handshake_pkt(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                               ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_pktns *pktns = conn->hs_pktns;
+  ngtcp2_ssize nread;
+  ngtcp2_pkt_chain **ppc, *next;
+
+  ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_CON,
+                  "processing buffered handshake packet");
+
+  for (ppc = &pktns->rx.buffed_pkts; *ppc;) {
+    next = (*ppc)->next;
+    nread = conn_recv_handshake_pkt(conn, &(*ppc)->path.path, &(*ppc)->pi,
+                                    (*ppc)->pkt, (*ppc)->pktlen,
+                                    (*ppc)->dgramlen, (*ppc)->ts, ts);
+    ngtcp2_pkt_chain_del(*ppc, conn->mem);
+    *ppc = next;
+    if (nread < 0) {
+      if (nread == NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      return (int)nread;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static void conn_sync_stream_id_limit(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  ngtcp2_transport_params *params = conn->remote.transport_params;
+
+  assert(params);
+
+  conn->local.bidi.max_streams = params->initial_max_streams_bidi;
+  conn->local.uni.max_streams = params->initial_max_streams_uni;
+}
+
+static int strm_set_max_offset(void *data, void *ptr) {
+  ngtcp2_conn *conn = ptr;
+  ngtcp2_transport_params *params = conn->remote.transport_params;
+  ngtcp2_strm *strm = data;
+  uint64_t max_offset;
+  int rv;
+
+  assert(params);
+
+  if (!conn_local_stream(conn, strm->stream_id)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (bidi_stream(strm->stream_id)) {
+    max_offset = params->initial_max_stream_data_bidi_remote;
+  } else {
+    max_offset = params->initial_max_stream_data_uni;
+  }
+
+  if (strm->tx.max_offset < max_offset) {
+    strm->tx.max_offset = max_offset;
+
+    /* Don't call callback if stream is half-closed local */
+    if (strm->flags & NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SHUT_WR) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    rv = conn_call_extend_max_stream_data(conn, strm, strm->stream_id,
+                                          strm->tx.max_offset);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int conn_sync_stream_data_limit(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  return ngtcp2_map_each(&conn->strms, strm_set_max_offset, conn);
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_handshake_completed is called once cryptographic handshake has
+ * completed.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User callback failed.
+ */
+static int conn_handshake_completed(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  int rv;
+
+  conn->flags |= NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_HANDSHAKE_COMPLETED_HANDLED;
+
+  rv = conn_call_handshake_completed(conn);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  if (conn->local.bidi.max_streams > 0) {
+    rv = conn_call_extend_max_local_streams_bidi(conn,
+                                                 conn->local.bidi.max_streams);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+  }
+  if (conn->local.uni.max_streams > 0) {
+    rv = conn_call_extend_max_local_streams_uni(conn,
+                                                conn->local.uni.max_streams);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_recv_cpkt processes compound packet after handshake.  The
+ * buffer pointed by |pkt| might contain multiple packets.  The 1RTT
+ * packet must be the last one because it does not have payload length
+ * field.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or the same negative error
+ * codes from conn_recv_pkt except for NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT.
+ */
+static int conn_recv_cpkt(ngtcp2_conn *conn, const ngtcp2_path *path,
+                          const ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi, const uint8_t *pkt,
+                          size_t pktlen, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_ssize nread;
+  int rv;
+  const uint8_t *origpkt = pkt;
+  size_t dgramlen = pktlen;
+
+  if (ngtcp2_path_eq(&conn->dcid.current.ps.path, path)) {
+    conn->dcid.current.bytes_recv += dgramlen;
+  }
+
+  while (pktlen) {
+    nread = conn_recv_pkt(conn, path, pi, pkt, pktlen, dgramlen, ts, ts);
+    if (nread < 0) {
+      if (ngtcp2_err_is_fatal((int)nread)) {
+        return (int)nread;
+      }
+
+      if (nread == NGTCP2_ERR_DRAINING) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_DRAINING;
+      }
+
+      if (origpkt == pkt) {
+        rv = conn_on_stateless_reset(conn, path, origpkt, dgramlen);
+        if (rv == 0) {
+          return NGTCP2_ERR_DRAINING;
+        }
+      }
+      if (nread == NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT) {
+        return 0;
+      }
+      return (int)nread;
+    }
+
+    assert(pktlen >= (size_t)nread);
+    pkt += nread;
+    pktlen -= (size_t)nread;
+
+    ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                    "read packet %td left %zu", nread, pktlen);
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_is_retired_path returns nonzero if |path| is included in
+ * retired path list.
+ */
+static int conn_is_retired_path(ngtcp2_conn *conn, const ngtcp2_path *path) {
+  size_t i, len = ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(&conn->dcid.retired.rb);
+  ngtcp2_dcid *dcid;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+    dcid = ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(&conn->dcid.retired.rb, i);
+    if (ngtcp2_path_eq(&dcid->ps.path, path)) {
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_enqueue_handshake_done enqueues HANDSHAKE_DONE frame for
+ * transmission.
+ */
+static int conn_enqueue_handshake_done(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  ngtcp2_pktns *pktns = &conn->pktns;
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain *nfrc;
+  int rv;
+
+  assert(conn->server);
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_new(&nfrc, &conn->frc_objalloc);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  nfrc->fr.type = NGTCP2_FRAME_HANDSHAKE_DONE;
+  nfrc->next = pktns->tx.frq;
+  pktns->tx.frq = nfrc;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @function
+ *
+ * `conn_read_handshake` performs QUIC cryptographic handshake by
+ * reading given data.  |pkt| points to the buffer to read and
+ * |pktlen| is the length of the buffer.  |path| is the network path.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes processed.  Unless the
+ * last packet is 1RTT packet and an application decryption key has
+ * been installed, it returns |pktlen| if it succeeds.  If it finds
+ * 1RTT packet and an application decryption key has been installed,
+ * it returns the number of bytes just before 1RTT packet begins.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes processed if it succeeds,
+ * or one of the following negative error codes: (TBD).
+ */
+static ngtcp2_ssize conn_read_handshake(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                        const ngtcp2_path *path,
+                                        const ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi,
+                                        const uint8_t *pkt, size_t pktlen,
+                                        ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  int rv;
+  ngtcp2_ssize nread;
+
+  switch (conn->state) {
+  case NGTCP2_CS_CLIENT_INITIAL:
+    /* TODO Better to log something when we ignore input */
+    return (ngtcp2_ssize)pktlen;
+  case NGTCP2_CS_CLIENT_WAIT_HANDSHAKE:
+    nread = conn_recv_handshake_cpkt(conn, path, pi, pkt, pktlen, ts);
+    if (nread < 0) {
+      return nread;
+    }
+
+    if (conn->state == NGTCP2_CS_CLIENT_INITIAL) {
+      /* Retry packet was received */
+      return (ngtcp2_ssize)pktlen;
+    }
+
+    assert(conn->hs_pktns);
+
+    if (conn->hs_pktns->crypto.rx.ckm && conn->in_pktns) {
+      rv = conn_process_buffered_handshake_pkt(conn, ts);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (conn_is_handshake_completed(conn) &&
+        !(conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_HANDSHAKE_COMPLETED_HANDLED)) {
+      rv = conn_handshake_completed(conn);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+
+      rv = conn_process_buffered_protected_pkt(conn, &conn->pktns, ts);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return nread;
+  case NGTCP2_CS_SERVER_INITIAL:
+    nread = conn_recv_handshake_cpkt(conn, path, pi, pkt, pktlen, ts);
+    if (nread < 0) {
+      return nread;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Client ServerHello might not fit into single Initial packet
+     * (e.g., resuming session with client authentication).  If we get
+     * Client Initial which does not increase offset or it is 0RTT
+     * packet buffered, perform address validation in order to buffer
+     * validated data only.
+     */
+    if (ngtcp2_strm_rx_offset(&conn->in_pktns->crypto.strm) == 0) {
+      if (conn->in_pktns->crypto.strm.rx.rob &&
+          ngtcp2_rob_data_buffered(conn->in_pktns->crypto.strm.rx.rob)) {
+        /* Address has been validated with token */
+        if (conn->local.settings.tokenlen) {
+          return nread;
+        }
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_RETRY;
+      }
+      if (conn->in_pktns->rx.buffed_pkts) {
+        /* 0RTT is buffered, force retry */
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_RETRY;
+      }
+      /* If neither CRYPTO frame nor 0RTT packet is processed, just
+         drop connection. */
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_DROP_CONN;
+    }
+
+    /* Process re-ordered 0-RTT packets which arrived before Initial
+       packet. */
+    if (conn->early.ckm) {
+      assert(conn->in_pktns);
+
+      rv = conn_process_buffered_protected_pkt(conn, conn->in_pktns, ts);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return nread;
+  case NGTCP2_CS_SERVER_WAIT_HANDSHAKE:
+    nread = conn_recv_handshake_cpkt(conn, path, pi, pkt, pktlen, ts);
+    if (nread < 0) {
+      return nread;
+    }
+
+    if (conn->hs_pktns->crypto.rx.ckm) {
+      rv = conn_process_buffered_handshake_pkt(conn, ts);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (conn->hs_pktns->rx.max_pkt_num != -1) {
+      conn_discard_initial_state(conn, ts);
+    }
+
+    if (!conn_is_handshake_completed(conn)) {
+      /* If server hits amplification limit, it cancels loss detection
+         timer.  If server receives a packet from client, the limit is
+         increased and server can send more.  If server has
+         ack-eliciting Initial or Handshake packets, it should resend
+         it if timer fired but timer is not armed in this case.  So
+         instead of resending Initial/Handshake packets, if server has
+         1RTT data to send, it might send them and then might hit
+         amplification limit again until it hits stream data limit.
+         Initial/Handshake data is not resent.  In order to avoid this
+         situation, try to arm loss detection and check the expiry
+         here so that on next write call, we can resend
+         Initial/Handshake first. */
+      if (conn->cstat.loss_detection_timer == UINT64_MAX) {
+        ngtcp2_conn_set_loss_detection_timer(conn, ts);
+        if (ngtcp2_conn_loss_detection_expiry(conn) <= ts) {
+          rv = ngtcp2_conn_on_loss_detection_timer(conn, ts);
+          if (rv != 0) {
+            return rv;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if ((size_t)nread < pktlen) {
+        /* We have 1RTT packet and application rx key, but the
+           handshake has not completed yet. */
+        ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_CON,
+                        "buffering 1RTT packet len=%zu",
+                        pktlen - (size_t)nread);
+
+        rv = conn_buffer_pkt(conn, &conn->pktns, path, pi, pkt + nread,
+                             pktlen - (size_t)nread, pktlen, ts);
+        if (rv != 0) {
+          assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv));
+          return rv;
+        }
+
+        return (ngtcp2_ssize)pktlen;
+      }
+
+      return nread;
+    }
+
+    if (!(conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_TRANSPORT_PARAM_RECVED)) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_REQUIRED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+    }
+
+    rv = conn_handshake_completed(conn);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+    conn->state = NGTCP2_CS_POST_HANDSHAKE;
+
+    rv = conn_call_activate_dcid(conn, &conn->dcid.current);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    rv = conn_process_buffered_protected_pkt(conn, &conn->pktns, ts);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    conn_discard_handshake_state(conn, ts);
+
+    rv = conn_enqueue_handshake_done(conn);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    if (!conn->local.settings.no_pmtud) {
+      rv = conn_start_pmtud(conn);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+    }
+
+    conn->pktns.rtb.persistent_congestion_start_ts = ts;
+
+    /* Re-arm loss detection timer here after handshake has been
+       confirmed. */
+    ngtcp2_conn_set_loss_detection_timer(conn, ts);
+
+    return nread;
+  case NGTCP2_CS_CLOSING:
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CLOSING;
+  case NGTCP2_CS_DRAINING:
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_DRAINING;
+  default:
+    return (ngtcp2_ssize)pktlen;
+  }
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_read_pkt_versioned(ngtcp2_conn *conn, const ngtcp2_path *path,
+                                   int pkt_info_version,
+                                   const ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi,
+                                   const uint8_t *pkt, size_t pktlen,
+                                   ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  int rv = 0;
+  ngtcp2_ssize nread = 0;
+  const ngtcp2_pkt_info zero_pi = {0};
+  (void)pkt_info_version;
+
+  assert(!(conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_PPE_PENDING));
+
+  conn->log.last_ts = ts;
+  conn->qlog.last_ts = ts;
+
+  ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_CON, "recv packet len=%zu",
+                  pktlen);
+
+  if (pktlen == 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+
+  /* client does not expect a packet from unknown path. */
+  if (!conn->server && !ngtcp2_path_eq(&conn->dcid.current.ps.path, path) &&
+      (!conn->pv || !ngtcp2_path_eq(&conn->pv->dcid.ps.path, path)) &&
+      !conn_is_retired_path(conn, path)) {
+    ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_CON,
+                    "ignore packet from unknown path");
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (!pi) {
+    pi = &zero_pi;
+  }
+
+  switch (conn->state) {
+  case NGTCP2_CS_CLIENT_INITIAL:
+  case NGTCP2_CS_CLIENT_WAIT_HANDSHAKE:
+  case NGTCP2_CS_CLIENT_TLS_HANDSHAKE_FAILED:
+    nread = conn_read_handshake(conn, path, pi, pkt, pktlen, ts);
+    if (nread < 0) {
+      return (int)nread;
+    }
+
+    if ((size_t)nread == pktlen) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    assert(conn->pktns.crypto.rx.ckm);
+
+    pkt += nread;
+    pktlen -= (size_t)nread;
+
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_CS_SERVER_INITIAL:
+  case NGTCP2_CS_SERVER_WAIT_HANDSHAKE:
+  case NGTCP2_CS_SERVER_TLS_HANDSHAKE_FAILED:
+    if (!ngtcp2_path_eq(&conn->dcid.current.ps.path, path)) {
+      ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_CON,
+                      "ignore packet from unknown path during handshake");
+
+      if (conn->state == NGTCP2_CS_SERVER_INITIAL &&
+          ngtcp2_strm_rx_offset(&conn->in_pktns->crypto.strm) == 0 &&
+          (!conn->in_pktns->crypto.strm.rx.rob ||
+           !ngtcp2_rob_data_buffered(conn->in_pktns->crypto.strm.rx.rob))) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_DROP_CONN;
+      }
+
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    nread = conn_read_handshake(conn, path, pi, pkt, pktlen, ts);
+    if (nread < 0) {
+      return (int)nread;
+    }
+
+    if ((size_t)nread == pktlen) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    assert(conn->pktns.crypto.rx.ckm);
+
+    pkt += nread;
+    pktlen -= (size_t)nread;
+
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_CS_CLOSING:
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CLOSING;
+  case NGTCP2_CS_DRAINING:
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_DRAINING;
+  case NGTCP2_CS_POST_HANDSHAKE:
+    rv = conn_prepare_key_update(conn, ts);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    ngtcp2_unreachable();
+  }
+
+  return conn_recv_cpkt(conn, path, pi, pkt, pktlen, ts);
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_check_pkt_num_exhausted returns nonzero if packet number is
+ * exhausted in at least one of packet number space.
+ */
+static int conn_check_pkt_num_exhausted(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  ngtcp2_pktns *in_pktns = conn->in_pktns;
+  ngtcp2_pktns *hs_pktns = conn->hs_pktns;
+
+  return (in_pktns && in_pktns->tx.last_pkt_num == NGTCP2_MAX_PKT_NUM) ||
+         (hs_pktns && hs_pktns->tx.last_pkt_num == NGTCP2_MAX_PKT_NUM) ||
+         conn->pktns.tx.last_pkt_num == NGTCP2_MAX_PKT_NUM;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_retransmit_retry_early retransmits 0RTT packet after Retry is
+ * received from server.
+ */
+static ngtcp2_ssize conn_retransmit_retry_early(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                                ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi,
+                                                uint8_t *dest, size_t destlen,
+                                                uint8_t flags,
+                                                ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  return conn_write_pkt(conn, pi, dest, destlen, NULL, NGTCP2_PKT_0RTT, flags,
+                        ts);
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_handshake_probe_left returns nonzero if there are probe
+ * packets to be sent for Initial or Handshake packet number space
+ * left.
+ */
+static int conn_handshake_probe_left(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  return (conn->in_pktns && conn->in_pktns->rtb.probe_pkt_left) ||
+         conn->hs_pktns->rtb.probe_pkt_left;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_validate_early_transport_params_limits validates that the
+ * limits in transport parameters remembered by client for early data
+ * are not reduced.  This function is only used by client and should
+ * only be called when early data is accepted by server.
+ */
+static int conn_validate_early_transport_params_limits(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  const ngtcp2_transport_params *params = conn->remote.transport_params;
+
+  assert(!conn->server);
+  assert(params);
+
+  if (conn->early.transport_params.active_connection_id_limit >
+          params->active_connection_id_limit ||
+      conn->early.transport_params.initial_max_data >
+          params->initial_max_data ||
+      conn->early.transport_params.initial_max_stream_data_bidi_local >
+          params->initial_max_stream_data_bidi_local ||
+      conn->early.transport_params.initial_max_stream_data_bidi_remote >
+          params->initial_max_stream_data_bidi_remote ||
+      conn->early.transport_params.initial_max_stream_data_uni >
+          params->initial_max_stream_data_uni ||
+      conn->early.transport_params.initial_max_streams_bidi >
+          params->initial_max_streams_bidi ||
+      conn->early.transport_params.initial_max_streams_uni >
+          params->initial_max_streams_uni ||
+      conn->early.transport_params.max_datagram_frame_size >
+          params->max_datagram_frame_size) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_write_handshake writes QUIC handshake packets to the buffer
+ * pointed by |dest| of length |destlen|.  |write_datalen| specifies
+ * the expected length of 0RTT or 1RTT packet payload.  Specify 0 to
+ * |write_datalen| if there is no such data.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes written to the buffer, or
+ * one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_PKT_NUM_EXHAUSTED
+ *     Packet number is exhausted.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_REQUIRED_TRANSPORT_PARAM
+ *     Required transport parameter is missing.
+ * NGTCP2_CS_CLOSING
+ *     Connection is in closing state.
+ * NGTCP2_CS_DRAINING
+ *     Connection is in draining state.
+ *
+ * In addition to the above negative error codes, the same error codes
+ * from conn_recv_pkt may also be returned.
+ */
+static ngtcp2_ssize conn_write_handshake(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi,
+                                         uint8_t *dest, size_t destlen,
+                                         uint64_t write_datalen,
+                                         ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  int rv;
+  ngtcp2_ssize res = 0, nwrite = 0, early_spktlen = 0;
+  size_t origlen = destlen;
+  uint64_t pending_early_datalen;
+  ngtcp2_dcid *dcid;
+  ngtcp2_preferred_addr *paddr;
+
+  switch (conn->state) {
+  case NGTCP2_CS_CLIENT_INITIAL:
+    pending_early_datalen = conn_retry_early_payloadlen(conn);
+    if (pending_early_datalen) {
+      write_datalen = pending_early_datalen;
+    }
+
+    if (!(conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_RECV_RETRY)) {
+      nwrite =
+          conn_write_client_initial(conn, pi, dest, destlen, write_datalen, ts);
+      if (nwrite <= 0) {
+        return nwrite;
+      }
+    } else {
+      nwrite = conn_write_handshake_pkt(
+          conn, pi, dest, destlen, NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL,
+          NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_NONE, write_datalen, ts);
+      if (nwrite < 0) {
+        return nwrite;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (pending_early_datalen) {
+      early_spktlen = conn_retransmit_retry_early(
+          conn, pi, dest + nwrite, destlen - (size_t)nwrite,
+          nwrite ? NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_REQUIRE_PADDING
+                 : NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_NONE,
+          ts);
+
+      if (early_spktlen < 0) {
+        assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal((int)early_spktlen));
+        return early_spktlen;
+      }
+    }
+
+    conn->state = NGTCP2_CS_CLIENT_WAIT_HANDSHAKE;
+
+    res = nwrite + early_spktlen;
+
+    return res;
+  case NGTCP2_CS_CLIENT_WAIT_HANDSHAKE:
+    if (!conn_handshake_probe_left(conn) && conn_cwnd_is_zero(conn)) {
+      destlen = 0;
+    } else {
+      if (!(conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_HANDSHAKE_COMPLETED_HANDLED)) {
+        pending_early_datalen = conn_retry_early_payloadlen(conn);
+        if (pending_early_datalen) {
+          write_datalen = pending_early_datalen;
+        }
+      }
+
+      nwrite =
+          conn_write_handshake_pkts(conn, pi, dest, destlen, write_datalen, ts);
+      if (nwrite < 0) {
+        return nwrite;
+      }
+
+      res += nwrite;
+      dest += nwrite;
+      destlen -= (size_t)nwrite;
+    }
+
+    if (!conn_is_handshake_completed(conn)) {
+      if (!(conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_EARLY_DATA_REJECTED)) {
+        nwrite = conn_retransmit_retry_early(conn, pi, dest, destlen,
+                                             NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_NONE, ts);
+        if (nwrite < 0) {
+          return nwrite;
+        }
+
+        res += nwrite;
+      }
+
+      if (res == 0) {
+        nwrite = conn_write_handshake_ack_pkts(conn, pi, dest, origlen, ts);
+        if (nwrite < 0) {
+          return nwrite;
+        }
+        res = nwrite;
+      }
+
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    if (!(conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_TRANSPORT_PARAM_RECVED)) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_REQUIRED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+    }
+
+    if ((conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_EARLY_KEY_INSTALLED) &&
+        !(conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_EARLY_DATA_REJECTED)) {
+      rv = conn_validate_early_transport_params_limits(conn);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /* Server might increase stream data limits.  Extend it if we have
+       streams created for early data. */
+    rv = conn_sync_stream_data_limit(conn);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    conn->state = NGTCP2_CS_POST_HANDSHAKE;
+
+    assert(conn->remote.transport_params);
+
+    if (conn->remote.transport_params->preferred_address_present) {
+      assert(!ngtcp2_ringbuf_full(&conn->dcid.unused.rb));
+
+      paddr = &conn->remote.transport_params->preferred_address;
+      dcid = ngtcp2_ringbuf_push_back(&conn->dcid.unused.rb);
+      ngtcp2_dcid_init(dcid, 1, &paddr->cid, paddr->stateless_reset_token);
+
+      rv = ngtcp2_gaptr_push(&conn->dcid.seqgap, 1, 1);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return (ngtcp2_ssize)rv;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (conn->remote.transport_params->stateless_reset_token_present) {
+      assert(conn->dcid.current.seq == 0);
+      assert(!(conn->dcid.current.flags & NGTCP2_DCID_FLAG_TOKEN_PRESENT));
+      ngtcp2_dcid_set_token(
+          &conn->dcid.current,
+          conn->remote.transport_params->stateless_reset_token);
+    }
+
+    rv = conn_call_activate_dcid(conn, &conn->dcid.current);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    conn_process_early_rtb(conn);
+
+    if (!conn->local.settings.no_pmtud) {
+      rv = conn_start_pmtud(conn);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return res;
+  case NGTCP2_CS_SERVER_INITIAL:
+    nwrite =
+        conn_write_handshake_pkts(conn, pi, dest, destlen, write_datalen, ts);
+    if (nwrite < 0) {
+      return nwrite;
+    }
+
+    if (nwrite) {
+      conn->state = NGTCP2_CS_SERVER_WAIT_HANDSHAKE;
+    }
+
+    return nwrite;
+  case NGTCP2_CS_SERVER_WAIT_HANDSHAKE:
+    if (conn_handshake_probe_left(conn) || !conn_cwnd_is_zero(conn)) {
+      nwrite =
+          conn_write_handshake_pkts(conn, pi, dest, destlen, write_datalen, ts);
+      if (nwrite < 0) {
+        return nwrite;
+      }
+
+      res += nwrite;
+      dest += nwrite;
+      destlen -= (size_t)nwrite;
+    }
+
+    if (res == 0) {
+      nwrite = conn_write_handshake_ack_pkts(conn, pi, dest, origlen, ts);
+      if (nwrite < 0) {
+        return nwrite;
+      }
+
+      res += nwrite;
+      dest += nwrite;
+      origlen -= (size_t)nwrite;
+    }
+
+    return res;
+  case NGTCP2_CS_CLOSING:
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CLOSING;
+  case NGTCP2_CS_DRAINING:
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_DRAINING;
+  default:
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @function
+ *
+ * `conn_client_write_handshake` writes client side handshake data and
+ * 0RTT packet.
+ *
+ * In order to send STREAM data in 0RTT packet, specify
+ * |vmsg|->stream.  |vmsg|->stream.strm, |vmsg|->stream.fin,
+ * |vmsg|->stream.data, and |vmsg|->stream.datacnt are stream to which
+ * 0-RTT data is sent, whether it is a last data chunk in this stream,
+ * a vector of 0-RTT data, and its number of elements respectively.
+ * The amount of 0RTT data sent is assigned to
+ * *|vmsg|->stream.pdatalen.  If no data is sent, -1 is assigned.
+ * Note that 0 length STREAM frame is allowed in QUIC, so 0 might be
+ * assigned to *|vmsg|->stream.pdatalen.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it cannot write any frame because buffer
+ * is too small, or packet is congestion limited.  Application should
+ * keep reading and wait for congestion window to grow.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes written to the buffer
+ * pointed by |dest| if it succeeds, or one of the following negative
+ * error codes: (TBD).
+ */
+static ngtcp2_ssize conn_client_write_handshake(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                                ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi,
+                                                uint8_t *dest, size_t destlen,
+                                                ngtcp2_vmsg *vmsg,
+                                                ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  int send_stream = 0;
+  int send_datagram = 0;
+  ngtcp2_ssize spktlen, early_spktlen;
+  uint64_t datalen;
+  uint64_t write_datalen = 0;
+  uint8_t wflags = NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_NONE;
+  int ppe_pending = (conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_PPE_PENDING) != 0;
+  uint32_t version;
+
+  assert(!conn->server);
+
+  /* conn->early.ckm might be created in the first call of
+     conn_handshake().  Check it later. */
+  if (vmsg) {
+    switch (vmsg->type) {
+    case NGTCP2_VMSG_TYPE_STREAM:
+      datalen = ngtcp2_vec_len(vmsg->stream.data, vmsg->stream.datacnt);
+      send_stream =
+          conn_retry_early_payloadlen(conn) == 0 &&
+          /* 0 length STREAM frame is allowed */
+          (datalen == 0 ||
+           (datalen > 0 &&
+            (vmsg->stream.strm->tx.max_offset - vmsg->stream.strm->tx.offset) &&
+            (conn->tx.max_offset - conn->tx.offset)));
+      if (send_stream) {
+        write_datalen =
+            conn_enforce_flow_control(conn, vmsg->stream.strm, datalen);
+        write_datalen =
+            ngtcp2_min(write_datalen, NGTCP2_MIN_COALESCED_PAYLOADLEN);
+        write_datalen += NGTCP2_STREAM_OVERHEAD;
+
+        if (vmsg->stream.flags & NGTCP2_WRITE_STREAM_FLAG_MORE) {
+          wflags |= NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_MORE;
+        }
+      } else {
+        vmsg = NULL;
+      }
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_VMSG_TYPE_DATAGRAM:
+      datalen = ngtcp2_vec_len(vmsg->datagram.data, vmsg->datagram.datacnt);
+      send_datagram = conn_retry_early_payloadlen(conn) == 0;
+      if (send_datagram) {
+        write_datalen = datalen + NGTCP2_DATAGRAM_OVERHEAD;
+
+        if (vmsg->datagram.flags & NGTCP2_WRITE_DATAGRAM_FLAG_MORE) {
+          wflags |= NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_MORE;
+        }
+      } else {
+        vmsg = NULL;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!ppe_pending) {
+    spktlen = conn_write_handshake(conn, pi, dest, destlen, write_datalen, ts);
+
+    if (spktlen < 0) {
+      return spktlen;
+    }
+
+    if ((conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_EARLY_DATA_REJECTED) ||
+        !conn->early.ckm || (!send_stream && !send_datagram)) {
+      return spktlen;
+    }
+
+    /* If spktlen > 0, we are making a compound packet.  If Initial
+       packet is written, we have to pad bytes to 0-RTT packet. */
+    version = conn->negotiated_version ? conn->negotiated_version
+                                       : conn->client_chosen_version;
+    if (spktlen > 0 &&
+        ngtcp2_pkt_get_type_long(version, dest[0]) == NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL) {
+      wflags |= NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_REQUIRE_PADDING;
+      conn->pkt.require_padding = 1;
+    } else {
+      conn->pkt.require_padding = 0;
+    }
+  } else {
+    assert(!conn->pktns.crypto.rx.ckm);
+    assert(!conn->pktns.crypto.tx.ckm);
+    assert(conn->early.ckm);
+
+    if (conn->pkt.require_padding) {
+      wflags |= NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_REQUIRE_PADDING;
+    }
+    spktlen = conn->pkt.hs_spktlen;
+  }
+
+  dest += spktlen;
+  destlen -= (size_t)spktlen;
+
+  if (conn_cwnd_is_zero(conn)) {
+    return spktlen;
+  }
+
+  early_spktlen = conn_write_pkt(conn, pi, dest, destlen, vmsg, NGTCP2_PKT_0RTT,
+                                 wflags, ts);
+
+  if (early_spktlen < 0) {
+    switch (early_spktlen) {
+    case NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_DATA_BLOCKED:
+      return spktlen;
+    case NGTCP2_ERR_WRITE_MORE:
+      conn->pkt.hs_spktlen = spktlen;
+      break;
+    }
+    return early_spktlen;
+  }
+
+  return spktlen + early_spktlen;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_conn_handshake_completed(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  conn->flags |= NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_HANDSHAKE_COMPLETED;
+  if (conn->server) {
+    conn->flags |= NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_HANDSHAKE_CONFIRMED;
+  }
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_get_handshake_completed(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  return conn_is_handshake_completed(conn) &&
+         (conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_HANDSHAKE_COMPLETED_HANDLED);
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_sched_ack(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_acktr *acktr,
+                          int64_t pkt_num, int active_ack, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  int rv;
+  (void)conn;
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_acktr_add(acktr, pkt_num, active_ack, ts);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    assert(rv != NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_accept(ngtcp2_pkt_hd *dest, const uint8_t *pkt, size_t pktlen) {
+  ngtcp2_ssize nread;
+  ngtcp2_pkt_hd hd, *p;
+
+  if (dest) {
+    p = dest;
+  } else {
+    p = &hd;
+  }
+
+  if (pktlen == 0 || (pkt[0] & NGTCP2_HEADER_FORM_BIT) == 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+
+  nread = ngtcp2_pkt_decode_hd_long(p, pkt, pktlen);
+  if (nread < 0) {
+    return (int)nread;
+  }
+
+  switch (p->type) {
+  case NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL:
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_PKT_0RTT:
+    /* 0-RTT packet may arrive before Initial packet due to
+       re-ordering.  ngtcp2 does not buffer 0RTT packet unless the
+       very first Initial packet is received or token is received. */
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_RETRY;
+  default:
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+
+  if (pktlen < NGTCP2_MAX_UDP_PAYLOAD_SIZE ||
+      (p->tokenlen == 0 && p->dcid.datalen < NGTCP2_MIN_INITIAL_DCIDLEN)) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_install_initial_key(
+    ngtcp2_conn *conn, const ngtcp2_crypto_aead_ctx *rx_aead_ctx,
+    const uint8_t *rx_iv, const ngtcp2_crypto_cipher_ctx *rx_hp_ctx,
+    const ngtcp2_crypto_aead_ctx *tx_aead_ctx, const uint8_t *tx_iv,
+    const ngtcp2_crypto_cipher_ctx *tx_hp_ctx, size_t ivlen) {
+  ngtcp2_pktns *pktns = conn->in_pktns;
+  int rv;
+
+  assert(ivlen >= 8);
+  assert(pktns);
+
+  conn_call_delete_crypto_cipher_ctx(conn, &pktns->crypto.rx.hp_ctx);
+  pktns->crypto.rx.hp_ctx.native_handle = NULL;
+
+  if (pktns->crypto.rx.ckm) {
+    conn_call_delete_crypto_aead_ctx(conn, &pktns->crypto.rx.ckm->aead_ctx);
+    ngtcp2_crypto_km_del(pktns->crypto.rx.ckm, conn->mem);
+    pktns->crypto.rx.ckm = NULL;
+  }
+
+  conn_call_delete_crypto_cipher_ctx(conn, &pktns->crypto.tx.hp_ctx);
+  pktns->crypto.tx.hp_ctx.native_handle = NULL;
+
+  if (pktns->crypto.tx.ckm) {
+    conn_call_delete_crypto_aead_ctx(conn, &pktns->crypto.tx.ckm->aead_ctx);
+    ngtcp2_crypto_km_del(pktns->crypto.tx.ckm, conn->mem);
+    pktns->crypto.tx.ckm = NULL;
+  }
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_crypto_km_new(&pktns->crypto.rx.ckm, NULL, 0, NULL, rx_iv, ivlen,
+                            conn->mem);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_crypto_km_new(&pktns->crypto.tx.ckm, NULL, 0, NULL, tx_iv, ivlen,
+                            conn->mem);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  /* Take owner ship after we are sure that no failure occurs, so that
+     caller can delete these contexts on failure. */
+  pktns->crypto.rx.ckm->aead_ctx = *rx_aead_ctx;
+  pktns->crypto.rx.hp_ctx = *rx_hp_ctx;
+  pktns->crypto.tx.ckm->aead_ctx = *tx_aead_ctx;
+  pktns->crypto.tx.hp_ctx = *tx_hp_ctx;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_install_vneg_initial_key(
+    ngtcp2_conn *conn, uint32_t version,
+    const ngtcp2_crypto_aead_ctx *rx_aead_ctx, const uint8_t *rx_iv,
+    const ngtcp2_crypto_cipher_ctx *rx_hp_ctx,
+    const ngtcp2_crypto_aead_ctx *tx_aead_ctx, const uint8_t *tx_iv,
+    const ngtcp2_crypto_cipher_ctx *tx_hp_ctx, size_t ivlen) {
+  int rv;
+
+  assert(ivlen >= 8);
+
+  conn_call_delete_crypto_cipher_ctx(conn, &conn->vneg.rx.hp_ctx);
+  conn->vneg.rx.hp_ctx.native_handle = NULL;
+
+  if (conn->vneg.rx.ckm) {
+    conn_call_delete_crypto_aead_ctx(conn, &conn->vneg.rx.ckm->aead_ctx);
+    ngtcp2_crypto_km_del(conn->vneg.rx.ckm, conn->mem);
+    conn->vneg.rx.ckm = NULL;
+  }
+
+  conn_call_delete_crypto_cipher_ctx(conn, &conn->vneg.tx.hp_ctx);
+  conn->vneg.tx.hp_ctx.native_handle = NULL;
+
+  if (conn->vneg.tx.ckm) {
+    conn_call_delete_crypto_aead_ctx(conn, &conn->vneg.tx.ckm->aead_ctx);
+    ngtcp2_crypto_km_del(conn->vneg.tx.ckm, conn->mem);
+    conn->vneg.tx.ckm = NULL;
+  }
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_crypto_km_new(&conn->vneg.rx.ckm, NULL, 0, NULL, rx_iv, ivlen,
+                            conn->mem);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_crypto_km_new(&conn->vneg.tx.ckm, NULL, 0, NULL, tx_iv, ivlen,
+                            conn->mem);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  /* Take owner ship after we are sure that no failure occurs, so that
+     caller can delete these contexts on failure. */
+  conn->vneg.rx.ckm->aead_ctx = *rx_aead_ctx;
+  conn->vneg.rx.hp_ctx = *rx_hp_ctx;
+  conn->vneg.tx.ckm->aead_ctx = *tx_aead_ctx;
+  conn->vneg.tx.hp_ctx = *tx_hp_ctx;
+  conn->vneg.version = version;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_install_rx_handshake_key(
+    ngtcp2_conn *conn, const ngtcp2_crypto_aead_ctx *aead_ctx,
+    const uint8_t *iv, size_t ivlen, const ngtcp2_crypto_cipher_ctx *hp_ctx) {
+  ngtcp2_pktns *pktns = conn->hs_pktns;
+  int rv;
+
+  assert(ivlen >= 8);
+  assert(pktns);
+  assert(!pktns->crypto.rx.hp_ctx.native_handle);
+  assert(!pktns->crypto.rx.ckm);
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_crypto_km_new(&pktns->crypto.rx.ckm, NULL, 0, aead_ctx, iv, ivlen,
+                            conn->mem);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  pktns->crypto.rx.hp_ctx = *hp_ctx;
+
+  rv = conn_call_recv_rx_key(conn, NGTCP2_CRYPTO_LEVEL_HANDSHAKE);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    ngtcp2_crypto_km_del(pktns->crypto.rx.ckm, conn->mem);
+    pktns->crypto.rx.ckm = NULL;
+
+    memset(&pktns->crypto.rx.hp_ctx, 0, sizeof(pktns->crypto.rx.hp_ctx));
+
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_install_tx_handshake_key(
+    ngtcp2_conn *conn, const ngtcp2_crypto_aead_ctx *aead_ctx,
+    const uint8_t *iv, size_t ivlen, const ngtcp2_crypto_cipher_ctx *hp_ctx) {
+  ngtcp2_pktns *pktns = conn->hs_pktns;
+  int rv;
+
+  assert(ivlen >= 8);
+  assert(pktns);
+  assert(!pktns->crypto.tx.hp_ctx.native_handle);
+  assert(!pktns->crypto.tx.ckm);
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_crypto_km_new(&pktns->crypto.tx.ckm, NULL, 0, aead_ctx, iv, ivlen,
+                            conn->mem);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  pktns->crypto.tx.hp_ctx = *hp_ctx;
+
+  if (conn->server) {
+    rv = ngtcp2_conn_commit_local_transport_params(conn);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+  }
+
+  rv = conn_call_recv_tx_key(conn, NGTCP2_CRYPTO_LEVEL_HANDSHAKE);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    ngtcp2_crypto_km_del(pktns->crypto.tx.ckm, conn->mem);
+    pktns->crypto.tx.ckm = NULL;
+
+    memset(&pktns->crypto.tx.hp_ctx, 0, sizeof(pktns->crypto.tx.hp_ctx));
+
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_install_early_key(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                  const ngtcp2_crypto_aead_ctx *aead_ctx,
+                                  const uint8_t *iv, size_t ivlen,
+                                  const ngtcp2_crypto_cipher_ctx *hp_ctx) {
+  int rv;
+
+  assert(ivlen >= 8);
+  assert(!conn->early.hp_ctx.native_handle);
+  assert(!conn->early.ckm);
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_crypto_km_new(&conn->early.ckm, NULL, 0, aead_ctx, iv, ivlen,
+                            conn->mem);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  conn->early.hp_ctx = *hp_ctx;
+
+  conn->flags |= NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_EARLY_KEY_INSTALLED;
+
+  if (conn->server) {
+    rv = conn_call_recv_rx_key(conn, NGTCP2_CRYPTO_LEVEL_EARLY);
+  } else {
+    rv = conn_call_recv_tx_key(conn, NGTCP2_CRYPTO_LEVEL_EARLY);
+  }
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    ngtcp2_crypto_km_del(conn->early.ckm, conn->mem);
+    conn->early.ckm = NULL;
+
+    memset(&conn->early.hp_ctx, 0, sizeof(conn->early.hp_ctx));
+
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_install_rx_key(ngtcp2_conn *conn, const uint8_t *secret,
+                               size_t secretlen,
+                               const ngtcp2_crypto_aead_ctx *aead_ctx,
+                               const uint8_t *iv, size_t ivlen,
+                               const ngtcp2_crypto_cipher_ctx *hp_ctx) {
+  ngtcp2_pktns *pktns = &conn->pktns;
+  int rv;
+
+  assert(ivlen >= 8);
+  assert(!pktns->crypto.rx.hp_ctx.native_handle);
+  assert(!pktns->crypto.rx.ckm);
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_crypto_km_new(&pktns->crypto.rx.ckm, secret, secretlen, aead_ctx,
+                            iv, ivlen, conn->mem);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  pktns->crypto.rx.hp_ctx = *hp_ctx;
+
+  if (!conn->server) {
+    if (conn->remote.pending_transport_params) {
+      ngtcp2_transport_params_del(conn->remote.transport_params, conn->mem);
+
+      conn->remote.transport_params = conn->remote.pending_transport_params;
+      conn->remote.pending_transport_params = NULL;
+      conn_sync_stream_id_limit(conn);
+      conn->tx.max_offset = conn->remote.transport_params->initial_max_data;
+    }
+
+    if (conn->early.ckm) {
+      conn_discard_early_key(conn);
+    }
+  }
+
+  rv = conn_call_recv_rx_key(conn, NGTCP2_CRYPTO_LEVEL_APPLICATION);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    ngtcp2_crypto_km_del(pktns->crypto.rx.ckm, conn->mem);
+    pktns->crypto.rx.ckm = NULL;
+
+    memset(&pktns->crypto.rx.hp_ctx, 0, sizeof(pktns->crypto.rx.hp_ctx));
+
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_install_tx_key(ngtcp2_conn *conn, const uint8_t *secret,
+                               size_t secretlen,
+                               const ngtcp2_crypto_aead_ctx *aead_ctx,
+                               const uint8_t *iv, size_t ivlen,
+                               const ngtcp2_crypto_cipher_ctx *hp_ctx) {
+  ngtcp2_pktns *pktns = &conn->pktns;
+  int rv;
+
+  assert(ivlen >= 8);
+  assert(!pktns->crypto.tx.hp_ctx.native_handle);
+  assert(!pktns->crypto.tx.ckm);
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_crypto_km_new(&pktns->crypto.tx.ckm, secret, secretlen, aead_ctx,
+                            iv, ivlen, conn->mem);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  pktns->crypto.tx.hp_ctx = *hp_ctx;
+
+  if (conn->server) {
+    if (conn->remote.pending_transport_params) {
+      ngtcp2_transport_params_del(conn->remote.transport_params, conn->mem);
+
+      conn->remote.transport_params = conn->remote.pending_transport_params;
+      conn->remote.pending_transport_params = NULL;
+      conn_sync_stream_id_limit(conn);
+      conn->tx.max_offset = conn->remote.transport_params->initial_max_data;
+    }
+  } else if (conn->early.ckm) {
+    conn_discard_early_key(conn);
+  }
+
+  rv = conn_call_recv_tx_key(conn, NGTCP2_CRYPTO_LEVEL_APPLICATION);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    ngtcp2_crypto_km_del(pktns->crypto.tx.ckm, conn->mem);
+    pktns->crypto.tx.ckm = NULL;
+
+    memset(&pktns->crypto.tx.hp_ctx, 0, sizeof(pktns->crypto.tx.hp_ctx));
+
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_initiate_key_update(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_tstamp confirmed_ts = conn->crypto.key_update.confirmed_ts;
+  ngtcp2_duration pto = conn_compute_pto(conn, &conn->pktns);
+
+  assert(conn->state == NGTCP2_CS_POST_HANDSHAKE);
+
+  if (!(conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_HANDSHAKE_CONFIRMED) ||
+      (conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_KEY_UPDATE_NOT_CONFIRMED) ||
+      !conn->crypto.key_update.new_tx_ckm ||
+      !conn->crypto.key_update.new_rx_ckm ||
+      (confirmed_ts != UINT64_MAX && confirmed_ts + 3 * pto > ts)) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_STATE;
+  }
+
+  conn_rotate_keys(conn, NGTCP2_MAX_PKT_NUM, /* initiator = */ 1);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_retire_stale_bound_dcid retires stale destination connection
+ * ID in conn->dcid.bound to keep some unused destination connection
+ * IDs available.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ */
+static int conn_retire_stale_bound_dcid(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                        ngtcp2_duration timeout,
+                                        ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  size_t i;
+  ngtcp2_dcid *dcid, *last;
+  int rv;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(&conn->dcid.bound.rb);) {
+    dcid = ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(&conn->dcid.bound.rb, i);
+
+    assert(dcid->cid.datalen);
+
+    if (dcid->bound_ts + timeout > ts) {
+      ++i;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    rv = conn_retire_dcid_seq(conn, dcid->seq);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    if (i == 0) {
+      ngtcp2_ringbuf_pop_front(&conn->dcid.bound.rb);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (i == ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(&conn->dcid.bound.rb) - 1) {
+      ngtcp2_ringbuf_pop_back(&conn->dcid.bound.rb);
+      break;
+    }
+
+    last = ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(&conn->dcid.bound.rb,
+                              ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(&conn->dcid.bound.rb) - 1);
+    ngtcp2_dcid_copy(dcid, last);
+    ngtcp2_ringbuf_pop_back(&conn->dcid.bound.rb);
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_tstamp ngtcp2_conn_loss_detection_expiry(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  return conn->cstat.loss_detection_timer;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_tstamp ngtcp2_conn_internal_expiry(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  ngtcp2_tstamp res = UINT64_MAX, t;
+  ngtcp2_duration pto = conn_compute_pto(conn, &conn->pktns);
+  ngtcp2_scid *scid;
+  ngtcp2_dcid *dcid;
+  size_t i, len;
+
+  if (conn->pv) {
+    res = ngtcp2_pv_next_expiry(conn->pv);
+  }
+
+  if (conn->pmtud) {
+    res = ngtcp2_min(res, conn->pmtud->expiry);
+  }
+
+  if (!ngtcp2_pq_empty(&conn->scid.used)) {
+    scid = ngtcp2_struct_of(ngtcp2_pq_top(&conn->scid.used), ngtcp2_scid, pe);
+    if (scid->retired_ts != UINT64_MAX) {
+      t = scid->retired_ts + pto;
+      res = ngtcp2_min(res, t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(&conn->dcid.retired.rb)) {
+    dcid = ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(&conn->dcid.retired.rb, 0);
+    t = dcid->retired_ts + pto;
+    res = ngtcp2_min(res, t);
+  }
+
+  if (conn->dcid.current.cid.datalen) {
+    len = ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(&conn->dcid.bound.rb);
+    for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+      dcid = ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(&conn->dcid.bound.rb, i);
+
+      assert(dcid->cid.datalen);
+      assert(dcid->bound_ts != UINT64_MAX);
+
+      t = dcid->bound_ts + 3 * pto;
+      res = ngtcp2_min(res, t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (conn->server && conn->early.ckm &&
+      conn->early.discard_started_ts != UINT64_MAX) {
+    t = conn->early.discard_started_ts + 3 * pto;
+    res = ngtcp2_min(res, t);
+  }
+
+  return res;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_tstamp ngtcp2_conn_ack_delay_expiry(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  ngtcp2_acktr *acktr = &conn->pktns.acktr;
+
+  if (!(acktr->flags & NGTCP2_ACKTR_FLAG_CANCEL_TIMER) &&
+      acktr->first_unacked_ts != UINT64_MAX) {
+    return acktr->first_unacked_ts + conn_compute_ack_delay(conn);
+  }
+  return UINT64_MAX;
+}
+
+static ngtcp2_tstamp conn_handshake_expiry(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  if (conn_is_handshake_completed(conn) ||
+      conn->local.settings.handshake_timeout == UINT64_MAX) {
+    return UINT64_MAX;
+  }
+
+  return conn->local.settings.initial_ts +
+         conn->local.settings.handshake_timeout;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_tstamp ngtcp2_conn_get_expiry(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  ngtcp2_tstamp t1 = ngtcp2_conn_loss_detection_expiry(conn);
+  ngtcp2_tstamp t2 = ngtcp2_conn_ack_delay_expiry(conn);
+  ngtcp2_tstamp t3 = ngtcp2_conn_internal_expiry(conn);
+  ngtcp2_tstamp t4 = ngtcp2_conn_lost_pkt_expiry(conn);
+  ngtcp2_tstamp t5 = conn_keep_alive_expiry(conn);
+  ngtcp2_tstamp t6 = conn_handshake_expiry(conn);
+  ngtcp2_tstamp t7 = ngtcp2_conn_get_idle_expiry(conn);
+  ngtcp2_tstamp res = ngtcp2_min(t1, t2);
+  res = ngtcp2_min(res, t3);
+  res = ngtcp2_min(res, t4);
+  res = ngtcp2_min(res, t5);
+  res = ngtcp2_min(res, t6);
+  res = ngtcp2_min(res, t7);
+  return ngtcp2_min(res, conn->tx.pacing.next_ts);
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_handle_expiry(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  int rv;
+  ngtcp2_duration pto = conn_compute_pto(conn, &conn->pktns);
+
+  assert(!(conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_PPE_PENDING));
+
+  if (ngtcp2_conn_get_idle_expiry(conn) <= ts) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_IDLE_CLOSE;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_conn_cancel_expired_ack_delay_timer(conn, ts);
+
+  conn_cancel_expired_keep_alive_timer(conn, ts);
+
+  conn_cancel_expired_pkt_tx_timer(conn, ts);
+
+  ngtcp2_conn_remove_lost_pkt(conn, ts);
+
+  if (conn->pv) {
+    ngtcp2_pv_cancel_expired_timer(conn->pv, ts);
+  }
+
+  if (conn->pmtud) {
+    ngtcp2_pmtud_handle_expiry(conn->pmtud, ts);
+    if (ngtcp2_pmtud_finished(conn->pmtud)) {
+      ngtcp2_conn_stop_pmtud(conn);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (ngtcp2_conn_loss_detection_expiry(conn) <= ts) {
+    rv = ngtcp2_conn_on_loss_detection_timer(conn, ts);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (conn->dcid.current.cid.datalen) {
+    rv = conn_retire_stale_bound_dcid(conn, 3 * pto, ts);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+  }
+
+  rv = conn_remove_retired_connection_id(conn, pto, ts);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  if (conn->server && conn->early.ckm &&
+      conn->early.discard_started_ts != UINT64_MAX) {
+    if (conn->early.discard_started_ts + 3 * pto <= ts) {
+      conn_discard_early_key(conn);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!conn_is_handshake_completed(conn) &&
+      conn->local.settings.handshake_timeout != UINT64_MAX &&
+      conn->local.settings.initial_ts +
+              conn->local.settings.handshake_timeout <=
+          ts) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static void acktr_cancel_expired_ack_delay_timer(ngtcp2_acktr *acktr,
+                                                 ngtcp2_duration max_ack_delay,
+                                                 ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  if (!(acktr->flags & NGTCP2_ACKTR_FLAG_CANCEL_TIMER) &&
+      acktr->first_unacked_ts != UINT64_MAX &&
+      acktr->first_unacked_ts + max_ack_delay <= ts) {
+    acktr->flags |= NGTCP2_ACKTR_FLAG_CANCEL_TIMER;
+  }
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_conn_cancel_expired_ack_delay_timer(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                                ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_duration ack_delay = conn_compute_ack_delay(conn);
+
+  if (conn->in_pktns) {
+    acktr_cancel_expired_ack_delay_timer(&conn->in_pktns->acktr, 0, ts);
+  }
+  if (conn->hs_pktns) {
+    acktr_cancel_expired_ack_delay_timer(&conn->hs_pktns->acktr, 0, ts);
+  }
+  acktr_cancel_expired_ack_delay_timer(&conn->pktns.acktr, ack_delay, ts);
+}
+
+ngtcp2_tstamp ngtcp2_conn_lost_pkt_expiry(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  ngtcp2_tstamp res = UINT64_MAX, ts;
+
+  if (conn->in_pktns) {
+    ts = ngtcp2_rtb_lost_pkt_ts(&conn->in_pktns->rtb);
+    if (ts != UINT64_MAX) {
+      ts += conn_compute_pto(conn, conn->in_pktns);
+      res = ngtcp2_min(res, ts);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (conn->hs_pktns) {
+    ts = ngtcp2_rtb_lost_pkt_ts(&conn->hs_pktns->rtb);
+    if (ts != UINT64_MAX) {
+      ts += conn_compute_pto(conn, conn->hs_pktns);
+      res = ngtcp2_min(res, ts);
+    }
+  }
+
+  ts = ngtcp2_rtb_lost_pkt_ts(&conn->pktns.rtb);
+  if (ts != UINT64_MAX) {
+    ts += conn_compute_pto(conn, &conn->pktns);
+    res = ngtcp2_min(res, ts);
+  }
+
+  return res;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_conn_remove_lost_pkt(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_duration pto;
+
+  if (conn->in_pktns) {
+    pto = conn_compute_pto(conn, conn->in_pktns);
+    ngtcp2_rtb_remove_expired_lost_pkt(&conn->in_pktns->rtb, pto, ts);
+  }
+  if (conn->hs_pktns) {
+    pto = conn_compute_pto(conn, conn->hs_pktns);
+    ngtcp2_rtb_remove_expired_lost_pkt(&conn->hs_pktns->rtb, pto, ts);
+  }
+  pto = conn_compute_pto(conn, &conn->pktns);
+  ngtcp2_rtb_remove_expired_lost_pkt(&conn->pktns.rtb, pto, ts);
+}
+
+/*
+ * select_preferred_version selects the most preferred version.
+ * |fallback_version| is chosen if no preference is made, or
+ * |preferred_versions| does not include any of |chosen_version| or
+ * |available_versions|.  |chosen_version| is treated as an extra
+ * other version.
+ */
+static uint32_t select_preferred_version(const uint32_t *preferred_versions,
+                                         size_t preferred_versionslen,
+                                         uint32_t chosen_version,
+                                         const uint8_t *available_versions,
+                                         size_t available_versionslen,
+                                         uint32_t fallback_version) {
+  size_t i, j;
+  const uint8_t *p;
+  uint32_t v;
+
+  if (!preferred_versionslen ||
+      (!available_versionslen && chosen_version == fallback_version)) {
+    return fallback_version;
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < preferred_versionslen; ++i) {
+    if (preferred_versions[i] == chosen_version) {
+      return chosen_version;
+    }
+    for (j = 0, p = available_versions; j < available_versionslen;
+         j += sizeof(uint32_t)) {
+      p = ngtcp2_get_uint32(&v, p);
+
+      if (preferred_versions[i] == v) {
+        return v;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return fallback_version;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_client_validate_transport_params validates |params| as client.
+ * |params| must be sent with Encrypted Extensions.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_TRANSPORT_PARAM
+ *     params contains preferred address but server chose zero-length
+ *     connection ID.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_VERSION_NEGOTIATION_FAILURE
+ *     Validation against version negotiation parameters failed.
+ */
+static int
+conn_client_validate_transport_params(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                      const ngtcp2_transport_params *params) {
+  if (!ngtcp2_cid_eq(&conn->rcid, &params->original_dcid)) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+  }
+
+  if (conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_RECV_RETRY) {
+    if (!params->retry_scid_present) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+    }
+    if (!ngtcp2_cid_eq(&conn->retry_scid, &params->retry_scid)) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+    }
+  } else if (params->retry_scid_present) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+  }
+
+  if (params->preferred_address_present &&
+      conn->dcid.current.cid.datalen == 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+  }
+
+  if (params->version_info_present) {
+    if (conn->negotiated_version != params->version_info.chosen_version) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_VERSION_NEGOTIATION_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    assert(vneg_available_versions_includes(conn->vneg.available_versions,
+                                            conn->vneg.available_versionslen,
+                                            conn->negotiated_version));
+  } else if (conn->client_chosen_version != conn->negotiated_version) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_VERSION_NEGOTIATION_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  /* When client reacted upon Version Negotiation */
+  if (conn->local.settings.original_version != conn->client_chosen_version) {
+    if (!params->version_info_present) {
+      assert(conn->client_chosen_version == conn->negotiated_version);
+
+      /* QUIC v1 (and the supported draft versions) are treated
+         specially.  If version_info is missing, no further validation
+         is necessary.
+         https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-quic-version-negotiation-10#section-8
+       */
+      if (conn->client_chosen_version == NGTCP2_PROTO_VER_V1 ||
+          (NGTCP2_PROTO_VER_DRAFT_MIN <= conn->client_chosen_version &&
+           conn->client_chosen_version <= NGTCP2_PROTO_VER_DRAFT_MAX)) {
+        return 0;
+      }
+
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_VERSION_NEGOTIATION_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    /* Server choose original version after Version Negotiation.
+       Draft does not say this particular case, but this smells like
+       misbehaved server because server should accept original_version
+       in the original connection. */
+    if (conn->local.settings.original_version ==
+        params->version_info.chosen_version) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_VERSION_NEGOTIATION_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    /* Check version downgrade on incompatible version negotiation. */
+    if (params->version_info.available_versionslen == 0) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_VERSION_NEGOTIATION_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    if (conn->client_chosen_version !=
+        select_preferred_version(conn->vneg.preferred_versions,
+                                 conn->vneg.preferred_versionslen,
+                                 params->version_info.chosen_version,
+                                 params->version_info.available_versions,
+                                 params->version_info.available_versionslen,
+                                 /* fallback_version = */ 0)) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_VERSION_NEGOTIATION_FAILURE;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+uint32_t
+ngtcp2_conn_server_negotiate_version(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                     const ngtcp2_version_info *version_info) {
+  assert(conn->server);
+  assert(conn->client_chosen_version == version_info->chosen_version);
+
+  return select_preferred_version(
+      conn->vneg.preferred_versions, conn->vneg.preferred_versionslen,
+      version_info->chosen_version, version_info->available_versions,
+      version_info->available_versionslen, version_info->chosen_version);
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_set_remote_transport_params(
+    ngtcp2_conn *conn, const ngtcp2_transport_params *params) {
+  int rv;
+
+  /* We expect this function is called once per QUIC connection, but
+     GnuTLS server seems to call TLS extension callback twice if it
+     sends HelloRetryRequest.  In practice, same QUIC transport
+     parameters are sent in the 2nd client flight, just returning 0
+     would cause no harm. */
+  if (conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_TRANSPORT_PARAM_RECVED) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  /* Assume that ngtcp2_decode_transport_params sets default value if
+     active_connection_id_limit is omitted. */
+  if (params->active_connection_id_limit <
+      NGTCP2_DEFAULT_ACTIVE_CONNECTION_ID_LIMIT) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+  }
+
+  /* We assume that conn->dcid.current.cid is still the initial one.
+     This requires that transport parameter must be fed into
+     ngtcp2_conn as early as possible. */
+  if (!ngtcp2_cid_eq(&conn->dcid.current.cid, &params->initial_scid)) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+  }
+
+  if (params->max_udp_payload_size < NGTCP2_MAX_UDP_PAYLOAD_SIZE) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+  }
+
+  if (conn->server) {
+    if (params->version_info_present) {
+      if (!vneg_available_versions_includes(
+              params->version_info.available_versions,
+              params->version_info.available_versionslen,
+              params->version_info.chosen_version)) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+
+      if (params->version_info.chosen_version != conn->client_chosen_version) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_VERSION_NEGOTIATION_FAILURE;
+      }
+
+      conn->negotiated_version =
+          ngtcp2_conn_server_negotiate_version(conn, &params->version_info);
+      if (conn->negotiated_version != conn->client_chosen_version) {
+        rv = conn_call_version_negotiation(conn, conn->negotiated_version,
+                                           &conn->rcid);
+        if (rv != 0) {
+          return rv;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      conn->negotiated_version = conn->client_chosen_version;
+    }
+
+    conn->local.transport_params.version_info.chosen_version =
+        conn->negotiated_version;
+
+    ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_CON,
+                    "the negotiated version is 0x%08x",
+                    conn->negotiated_version);
+  } else {
+    rv = conn_client_validate_transport_params(conn, params);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_log_remote_tp(&conn->log,
+                       conn->server
+                           ? NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAMS_TYPE_CLIENT_HELLO
+                           : NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAMS_TYPE_ENCRYPTED_EXTENSIONS,
+                       params);
+
+  ngtcp2_qlog_parameters_set_transport_params(&conn->qlog, params, conn->server,
+                                              NGTCP2_QLOG_SIDE_REMOTE);
+
+  if ((conn->server && conn->pktns.crypto.tx.ckm) ||
+      (!conn->server && conn->pktns.crypto.rx.ckm)) {
+    ngtcp2_transport_params_del(conn->remote.transport_params, conn->mem);
+    conn->remote.transport_params = NULL;
+
+    rv = ngtcp2_transport_params_copy_new(&conn->remote.transport_params,
+                                          params, conn->mem);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+    conn_sync_stream_id_limit(conn);
+    conn->tx.max_offset = conn->remote.transport_params->initial_max_data;
+  } else {
+    assert(!conn->remote.pending_transport_params);
+
+    rv = ngtcp2_transport_params_copy_new(
+        &conn->remote.pending_transport_params, params, conn->mem);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+  }
+
+  conn->flags |= NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_TRANSPORT_PARAM_RECVED;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_decode_remote_transport_params(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                               const uint8_t *data,
+                                               size_t datalen) {
+  ngtcp2_transport_params params;
+  int rv;
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_decode_transport_params(
+      &params,
+      conn->server ? NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAMS_TYPE_CLIENT_HELLO
+                   : NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAMS_TYPE_ENCRYPTED_EXTENSIONS,
+      data, datalen);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  return ngtcp2_conn_set_remote_transport_params(conn, &params);
+}
+
+const ngtcp2_transport_params *
+ngtcp2_conn_get_remote_transport_params(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  if (conn->remote.pending_transport_params) {
+    return conn->remote.pending_transport_params;
+  }
+
+  return conn->remote.transport_params;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_conn_set_early_remote_transport_params_versioned(
+    ngtcp2_conn *conn, int transport_params_version,
+    const ngtcp2_transport_params *params) {
+  ngtcp2_transport_params *p;
+  (void)transport_params_version;
+
+  assert(!conn->server);
+  assert(!conn->remote.transport_params);
+
+  /* Assume that all pointer fields in p are NULL */
+  p = ngtcp2_mem_calloc(conn->mem, 1, sizeof(*p));
+
+  conn->remote.transport_params = p;
+
+  p->initial_max_streams_bidi = params->initial_max_streams_bidi;
+  p->initial_max_streams_uni = params->initial_max_streams_uni;
+  p->initial_max_stream_data_bidi_local =
+      params->initial_max_stream_data_bidi_local;
+  p->initial_max_stream_data_bidi_remote =
+      params->initial_max_stream_data_bidi_remote;
+  p->initial_max_stream_data_uni = params->initial_max_stream_data_uni;
+  p->initial_max_data = params->initial_max_data;
+  p->active_connection_id_limit =
+      ngtcp2_max(NGTCP2_DEFAULT_ACTIVE_CONNECTION_ID_LIMIT,
+                 params->active_connection_id_limit);
+  p->max_idle_timeout = params->max_idle_timeout;
+  if (!params->max_udp_payload_size) {
+    p->max_udp_payload_size = NGTCP2_DEFAULT_MAX_RECV_UDP_PAYLOAD_SIZE;
+  } else {
+    p->max_udp_payload_size =
+        ngtcp2_max(NGTCP2_MAX_UDP_PAYLOAD_SIZE, params->max_udp_payload_size);
+  }
+  p->disable_active_migration = params->disable_active_migration;
+  p->max_datagram_frame_size = params->max_datagram_frame_size;
+
+  /* These parameters are treated specially.  If server accepts early
+     data, it must not set values for these parameters that are
+     smaller than these remembered values. */
+  conn->early.transport_params.initial_max_streams_bidi =
+      params->initial_max_streams_bidi;
+  conn->early.transport_params.initial_max_streams_uni =
+      params->initial_max_streams_uni;
+  conn->early.transport_params.initial_max_stream_data_bidi_local =
+      params->initial_max_stream_data_bidi_local;
+  conn->early.transport_params.initial_max_stream_data_bidi_remote =
+      params->initial_max_stream_data_bidi_remote;
+  conn->early.transport_params.initial_max_stream_data_uni =
+      params->initial_max_stream_data_uni;
+  conn->early.transport_params.initial_max_data = params->initial_max_data;
+  conn->early.transport_params.active_connection_id_limit =
+      params->active_connection_id_limit;
+  conn->early.transport_params.max_datagram_frame_size =
+      params->max_datagram_frame_size;
+
+  conn_sync_stream_id_limit(conn);
+
+  conn->tx.max_offset = p->initial_max_data;
+
+  ngtcp2_qlog_parameters_set_transport_params(&conn->qlog, p, conn->server,
+                                              NGTCP2_QLOG_SIDE_REMOTE);
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_set_local_transport_params_versioned(
+    ngtcp2_conn *conn, int transport_params_version,
+    const ngtcp2_transport_params *params) {
+  (void)transport_params_version;
+
+  assert(conn->server);
+  assert(params->active_connection_id_limit <= NGTCP2_MAX_DCID_POOL_SIZE);
+
+  if (conn->hs_pktns == NULL || conn->hs_pktns->crypto.tx.ckm) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_STATE;
+  }
+
+  conn_set_local_transport_params(conn, params);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_commit_local_transport_params(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  const ngtcp2_mem *mem = conn->mem;
+  ngtcp2_transport_params *params = &conn->local.transport_params;
+  ngtcp2_scid *scident;
+  int rv;
+
+  assert(1 == ngtcp2_ksl_len(&conn->scid.set));
+
+  if (params->active_connection_id_limit == 0) {
+    params->active_connection_id_limit =
+        NGTCP2_DEFAULT_ACTIVE_CONNECTION_ID_LIMIT;
+  }
+
+  params->initial_scid = conn->oscid;
+
+  if (conn->oscid.datalen == 0) {
+    params->preferred_address_present = 0;
+  }
+
+  if (conn->server && params->preferred_address_present) {
+    scident = ngtcp2_mem_malloc(mem, sizeof(*scident));
+    if (scident == NULL) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+    }
+
+    ngtcp2_scid_init(scident, 1, &params->preferred_address.cid);
+
+    rv = ngtcp2_ksl_insert(&conn->scid.set, NULL, &scident->cid, scident);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      ngtcp2_mem_free(mem, scident);
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    conn->scid.last_seq = 1;
+  }
+
+  conn->rx.window = conn->rx.unsent_max_offset = conn->rx.max_offset =
+      params->initial_max_data;
+  conn->remote.bidi.unsent_max_streams = params->initial_max_streams_bidi;
+  conn->remote.bidi.max_streams = params->initial_max_streams_bidi;
+  conn->remote.uni.unsent_max_streams = params->initial_max_streams_uni;
+  conn->remote.uni.max_streams = params->initial_max_streams_uni;
+
+  conn->flags |= NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_LOCAL_TRANSPORT_PARAMS_COMMITTED;
+
+  ngtcp2_qlog_parameters_set_transport_params(&conn->qlog, params, conn->server,
+                                              NGTCP2_QLOG_SIDE_LOCAL);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+const ngtcp2_transport_params *
+ngtcp2_conn_get_local_transport_params(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  return &conn->local.transport_params;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_conn_encode_local_transport_params(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                                       uint8_t *dest,
+                                                       size_t destlen) {
+  return ngtcp2_encode_transport_params(
+      dest, destlen,
+      conn->server ? NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAMS_TYPE_ENCRYPTED_EXTENSIONS
+                   : NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAMS_TYPE_CLIENT_HELLO,
+      &conn->local.transport_params);
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_open_bidi_stream(ngtcp2_conn *conn, int64_t *pstream_id,
+                                 void *stream_user_data) {
+  int rv;
+  ngtcp2_strm *strm;
+
+  if (ngtcp2_conn_get_streams_bidi_left(conn) == 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_ID_BLOCKED;
+  }
+
+  strm = ngtcp2_objalloc_strm_get(&conn->strm_objalloc);
+  if (strm == NULL) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_conn_init_stream(conn, strm, conn->local.bidi.next_stream_id,
+                               stream_user_data);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    ngtcp2_objalloc_strm_release(&conn->strm_objalloc, strm);
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  *pstream_id = conn->local.bidi.next_stream_id;
+  conn->local.bidi.next_stream_id += 4;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_open_uni_stream(ngtcp2_conn *conn, int64_t *pstream_id,
+                                void *stream_user_data) {
+  int rv;
+  ngtcp2_strm *strm;
+
+  if (ngtcp2_conn_get_streams_uni_left(conn) == 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_ID_BLOCKED;
+  }
+
+  strm = ngtcp2_objalloc_strm_get(&conn->strm_objalloc);
+  if (strm == NULL) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_conn_init_stream(conn, strm, conn->local.uni.next_stream_id,
+                               stream_user_data);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    ngtcp2_objalloc_strm_release(&conn->strm_objalloc, strm);
+    return rv;
+  }
+  ngtcp2_strm_shutdown(strm, NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SHUT_RD);
+
+  *pstream_id = conn->local.uni.next_stream_id;
+  conn->local.uni.next_stream_id += 4;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_strm *ngtcp2_conn_find_stream(ngtcp2_conn *conn, int64_t stream_id) {
+  return ngtcp2_map_find(&conn->strms, (uint64_t)stream_id);
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_conn_write_stream_versioned(
+    ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_path *path, int pkt_info_version,
+    ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi, uint8_t *dest, size_t destlen, ngtcp2_ssize *pdatalen,
+    uint32_t flags, int64_t stream_id, const uint8_t *data, size_t datalen,
+    ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_vec datav;
+
+  datav.len = datalen;
+  datav.base = (uint8_t *)data;
+
+  return ngtcp2_conn_writev_stream_versioned(conn, path, pkt_info_version, pi,
+                                             dest, destlen, pdatalen, flags,
+                                             stream_id, &datav, 1, ts);
+}
+
+static ngtcp2_ssize conn_write_vmsg_wrapper(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                            ngtcp2_path *path,
+                                            int pkt_info_version,
+                                            ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi, uint8_t *dest,
+                                            size_t destlen, ngtcp2_vmsg *vmsg,
+                                            ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat = &conn->cstat;
+  ngtcp2_ssize nwrite;
+  int undersized;
+
+  nwrite = ngtcp2_conn_write_vmsg(conn, path, pkt_info_version, pi, dest,
+                                  destlen, vmsg, ts);
+  if (nwrite < 0) {
+    return nwrite;
+  }
+
+  if (cstat->bytes_in_flight >= cstat->cwnd) {
+    conn->rst.is_cwnd_limited = 1;
+  }
+
+  if (vmsg == NULL && cstat->bytes_in_flight < cstat->cwnd &&
+      conn->tx.strmq_nretrans == 0) {
+    if (conn->local.settings.no_tx_udp_payload_size_shaping) {
+      undersized =
+          (size_t)nwrite < conn->local.settings.max_tx_udp_payload_size;
+    } else {
+      undersized = (size_t)nwrite < conn->dcid.current.max_udp_payload_size;
+    }
+
+    if (undersized) {
+      conn->rst.app_limited = conn->rst.delivered + cstat->bytes_in_flight;
+
+      if (conn->rst.app_limited == 0) {
+        conn->rst.app_limited = cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return nwrite;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_conn_writev_stream_versioned(
+    ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_path *path, int pkt_info_version,
+    ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi, uint8_t *dest, size_t destlen, ngtcp2_ssize *pdatalen,
+    uint32_t flags, int64_t stream_id, const ngtcp2_vec *datav, size_t datavcnt,
+    ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_vmsg vmsg, *pvmsg;
+  ngtcp2_strm *strm;
+  int64_t datalen;
+
+  if (pdatalen) {
+    *pdatalen = -1;
+  }
+
+  if (stream_id != -1) {
+    strm = ngtcp2_conn_find_stream(conn, stream_id);
+    if (strm == NULL) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_NOT_FOUND;
+    }
+
+    if (strm->flags & NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SHUT_WR) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_SHUT_WR;
+    }
+
+    datalen = ngtcp2_vec_len_varint(datav, datavcnt);
+    if (datalen == -1) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+    }
+
+    if ((uint64_t)datalen > NGTCP2_MAX_VARINT - strm->tx.offset ||
+        (uint64_t)datalen > NGTCP2_MAX_VARINT - conn->tx.offset) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+    }
+
+    vmsg.type = NGTCP2_VMSG_TYPE_STREAM;
+    vmsg.stream.strm = strm;
+    vmsg.stream.flags = flags;
+    vmsg.stream.data = datav;
+    vmsg.stream.datacnt = datavcnt;
+    vmsg.stream.pdatalen = pdatalen;
+
+    pvmsg = &vmsg;
+  } else {
+    pvmsg = NULL;
+  }
+
+  return conn_write_vmsg_wrapper(conn, path, pkt_info_version, pi, dest,
+                                 destlen, pvmsg, ts);
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_conn_writev_datagram_versioned(
+    ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_path *path, int pkt_info_version,
+    ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi, uint8_t *dest, size_t destlen, int *paccepted,
+    uint32_t flags, uint64_t dgram_id, const ngtcp2_vec *datav, size_t datavcnt,
+    ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_vmsg vmsg;
+  int64_t datalen;
+
+  if (paccepted) {
+    *paccepted = 0;
+  }
+
+  if (conn->remote.transport_params == NULL ||
+      conn->remote.transport_params->max_datagram_frame_size == 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_STATE;
+  }
+
+  datalen = ngtcp2_vec_len_varint(datav, datavcnt);
+  if (datalen == -1
+#if UINT64_MAX > SIZE_MAX
+      || (uint64_t)datalen > SIZE_MAX
+#endif /* UINT64_MAX > SIZE_MAX */
+  ) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_STATE;
+  }
+
+  if (conn->remote.transport_params->max_datagram_frame_size <
+      ngtcp2_pkt_datagram_framelen((size_t)datalen)) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+
+  vmsg.type = NGTCP2_VMSG_TYPE_DATAGRAM;
+  vmsg.datagram.dgram_id = dgram_id;
+  vmsg.datagram.flags = flags;
+  vmsg.datagram.data = datav;
+  vmsg.datagram.datacnt = datavcnt;
+  vmsg.datagram.paccepted = paccepted;
+
+  return conn_write_vmsg_wrapper(conn, path, pkt_info_version, pi, dest,
+                                 destlen, &vmsg, ts);
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_conn_write_vmsg(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_path *path,
+                                    int pkt_info_version, ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi,
+                                    uint8_t *dest, size_t destlen,
+                                    ngtcp2_vmsg *vmsg, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_ssize nwrite;
+  size_t origlen;
+  size_t origdestlen = destlen;
+  int rv;
+  uint8_t wflags = NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_NONE;
+  int ppe_pending = (conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_PPE_PENDING) != 0;
+  ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat = &conn->cstat;
+  ngtcp2_ssize res = 0;
+  uint64_t server_tx_left;
+  uint64_t datalen;
+  uint64_t write_datalen = 0;
+  int64_t prev_in_pkt_num = -1;
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+  ngtcp2_rtb_entry *rtbent;
+  (void)pkt_info_version;
+
+  conn->log.last_ts = ts;
+  conn->qlog.last_ts = ts;
+
+  if (path) {
+    ngtcp2_path_copy(path, &conn->dcid.current.ps.path);
+  }
+
+  origlen = destlen =
+      conn_shape_udp_payload(conn, &conn->dcid.current, destlen);
+
+  if (!ppe_pending && pi) {
+    pi->ecn = NGTCP2_ECN_NOT_ECT;
+  }
+
+  switch (conn->state) {
+  case NGTCP2_CS_CLIENT_INITIAL:
+  case NGTCP2_CS_CLIENT_WAIT_HANDSHAKE:
+  case NGTCP2_CS_CLIENT_TLS_HANDSHAKE_FAILED:
+    if (!conn_pacing_pkt_tx_allowed(conn, ts)) {
+      assert(!ppe_pending);
+
+      return conn_write_handshake_ack_pkts(conn, pi, dest, origlen, ts);
+    }
+
+    nwrite = conn_client_write_handshake(conn, pi, dest, destlen, vmsg, ts);
+    /* We might be unable to write a packet because of depletion of
+       congestion window budget, perhaps due to packet loss that
+       shrinks the window drastically. */
+    if (nwrite <= 0) {
+      return nwrite;
+    }
+    if (conn->state != NGTCP2_CS_POST_HANDSHAKE) {
+      return nwrite;
+    }
+
+    assert(nwrite);
+    assert(dest[0] & NGTCP2_HEADER_FORM_BIT);
+    assert(conn->negotiated_version);
+
+    if (ngtcp2_pkt_get_type_long(conn->negotiated_version, dest[0]) ==
+        NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL) {
+      /* We have added padding already, but in that case, there is no
+         space left to write 1RTT packet. */
+      wflags |= NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_REQUIRE_PADDING;
+    }
+
+    res = nwrite;
+    dest += nwrite;
+    destlen -= (size_t)nwrite;
+    /* Break here so that we can coalesces 1RTT packet. */
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_CS_SERVER_INITIAL:
+  case NGTCP2_CS_SERVER_WAIT_HANDSHAKE:
+  case NGTCP2_CS_SERVER_TLS_HANDSHAKE_FAILED:
+    if (!conn_pacing_pkt_tx_allowed(conn, ts)) {
+      assert(!ppe_pending);
+
+      if (!(conn->dcid.current.flags & NGTCP2_DCID_FLAG_PATH_VALIDATED)) {
+        server_tx_left = conn_server_tx_left(conn, &conn->dcid.current);
+        if (server_tx_left == 0) {
+          return 0;
+        }
+
+        origlen = (size_t)ngtcp2_min((uint64_t)origlen, server_tx_left);
+      }
+
+      return conn_write_handshake_ack_pkts(conn, pi, dest, origlen, ts);
+    }
+
+    if (!ppe_pending) {
+      if (!(conn->dcid.current.flags & NGTCP2_DCID_FLAG_PATH_VALIDATED)) {
+        server_tx_left = conn_server_tx_left(conn, &conn->dcid.current);
+        if (server_tx_left == 0) {
+          if (cstat->loss_detection_timer != UINT64_MAX) {
+            ngtcp2_log_info(
+                &conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                "loss detection timer canceled due to amplification limit");
+            cstat->loss_detection_timer = UINT64_MAX;
+          }
+
+          return 0;
+        }
+
+        destlen = (size_t)ngtcp2_min((uint64_t)destlen, server_tx_left);
+      }
+
+      if (vmsg) {
+        switch (vmsg->type) {
+        case NGTCP2_VMSG_TYPE_STREAM:
+          datalen = ngtcp2_vec_len(vmsg->stream.data, vmsg->stream.datacnt);
+          if (datalen == 0 || (datalen > 0 &&
+                               (vmsg->stream.strm->tx.max_offset -
+                                vmsg->stream.strm->tx.offset) &&
+                               (conn->tx.max_offset - conn->tx.offset))) {
+            write_datalen =
+                conn_enforce_flow_control(conn, vmsg->stream.strm, datalen);
+            write_datalen =
+                ngtcp2_min(write_datalen, NGTCP2_MIN_COALESCED_PAYLOADLEN);
+            write_datalen += NGTCP2_STREAM_OVERHEAD;
+          }
+          break;
+        case NGTCP2_VMSG_TYPE_DATAGRAM:
+          write_datalen =
+              ngtcp2_vec_len(vmsg->datagram.data, vmsg->datagram.datacnt) +
+              NGTCP2_DATAGRAM_OVERHEAD;
+          break;
+        default:
+          ngtcp2_unreachable();
+        }
+
+        if (conn->in_pktns && write_datalen > 0) {
+          it = ngtcp2_rtb_head(&conn->in_pktns->rtb);
+          if (!ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it)) {
+            rtbent = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+            prev_in_pkt_num = rtbent->hd.pkt_num;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      nwrite = conn_write_handshake(conn, pi, dest, destlen, write_datalen, ts);
+      if (nwrite < 0) {
+        return nwrite;
+      }
+
+      res = nwrite;
+      dest += nwrite;
+      destlen -= (size_t)nwrite;
+
+      if (conn->in_pktns && write_datalen > 0) {
+        it = ngtcp2_rtb_head(&conn->in_pktns->rtb);
+        if (!ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it)) {
+          rtbent = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+          if (rtbent->hd.pkt_num != prev_in_pkt_num &&
+              (rtbent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING)) {
+            /* We have added padding already, but in that case, there
+               is no space left to write 1RTT packet. */
+            wflags |= NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_REQUIRE_PADDING;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (conn->state != NGTCP2_CS_POST_HANDSHAKE &&
+        conn->pktns.crypto.tx.ckm == NULL) {
+      return res;
+    }
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_CS_POST_HANDSHAKE:
+    if (!conn_pacing_pkt_tx_allowed(conn, ts)) {
+      assert(!ppe_pending);
+
+      if (conn->server &&
+          !(conn->dcid.current.flags & NGTCP2_DCID_FLAG_PATH_VALIDATED)) {
+        server_tx_left = conn_server_tx_left(conn, &conn->dcid.current);
+        if (server_tx_left == 0) {
+          return 0;
+        }
+
+        origlen = (size_t)ngtcp2_min((uint64_t)origlen, server_tx_left);
+      }
+
+      return conn_write_ack_pkt(conn, pi, dest, origlen, NGTCP2_PKT_1RTT, ts);
+    }
+
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_CS_CLOSING:
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CLOSING;
+  case NGTCP2_CS_DRAINING:
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_DRAINING;
+  default:
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  assert(conn->pktns.crypto.tx.ckm);
+
+  if (conn_check_pkt_num_exhausted(conn)) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_PKT_NUM_EXHAUSTED;
+  }
+
+  if (vmsg) {
+    switch (vmsg->type) {
+    case NGTCP2_VMSG_TYPE_STREAM:
+      if (vmsg->stream.flags & NGTCP2_WRITE_STREAM_FLAG_MORE) {
+        wflags |= NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_MORE;
+      }
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_VMSG_TYPE_DATAGRAM:
+      if (vmsg->datagram.flags & NGTCP2_WRITE_DATAGRAM_FLAG_MORE) {
+        wflags |= NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_MORE;
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (ppe_pending) {
+    res = conn->pkt.hs_spktlen;
+    conn->pkt.hs_spktlen = 0;
+    if (conn->pkt.require_padding) {
+      wflags |= NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_REQUIRE_PADDING;
+    }
+    /* dest and destlen have already been adjusted in ppe in the first
+       run.  They are adjusted for probe packet later. */
+    nwrite = conn_write_pkt(conn, pi, dest, destlen, vmsg, NGTCP2_PKT_1RTT,
+                            wflags, ts);
+    goto fin;
+  } else {
+    conn->pkt.require_padding =
+        (wflags & NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_REQUIRE_PADDING);
+
+    if (conn->state == NGTCP2_CS_POST_HANDSHAKE) {
+      rv = conn_prepare_key_update(conn, ts);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!conn->pktns.rtb.probe_pkt_left && conn_cwnd_is_zero(conn)) {
+      destlen = 0;
+    } else {
+      if (res == 0) {
+        nwrite =
+            conn_write_path_response(conn, path, pi, dest, origdestlen, ts);
+        if (nwrite) {
+          goto fin;
+        }
+
+        if (conn->pv) {
+          nwrite =
+              conn_write_path_challenge(conn, path, pi, dest, origdestlen, ts);
+          if (nwrite) {
+            goto fin;
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (conn->pmtud &&
+            (conn->dcid.current.flags & NGTCP2_DCID_FLAG_PATH_VALIDATED) &&
+            (!conn->hs_pktns ||
+             ngtcp2_ksl_len(&conn->hs_pktns->crypto.tx.frq) == 0)) {
+          nwrite = conn_write_pmtud_probe(conn, pi, dest, origdestlen, ts);
+          if (nwrite) {
+            goto fin;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (conn->server &&
+        !(conn->dcid.current.flags & NGTCP2_DCID_FLAG_PATH_VALIDATED)) {
+      server_tx_left = conn_server_tx_left(conn, &conn->dcid.current);
+      origlen = (size_t)ngtcp2_min((uint64_t)origlen, server_tx_left);
+      destlen = (size_t)ngtcp2_min((uint64_t)destlen, server_tx_left);
+
+      if (server_tx_left == 0 &&
+          conn->cstat.loss_detection_timer != UINT64_MAX) {
+        ngtcp2_log_info(
+            &conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+            "loss detection timer canceled due to amplification limit");
+        conn->cstat.loss_detection_timer = UINT64_MAX;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (res == 0) {
+    if (conn_handshake_remnants_left(conn)) {
+      if (conn_handshake_probe_left(conn) ||
+          /* Allow exceeding CWND if an Handshake packet needs to be
+             sent in order to avoid dead lock.  In some situation,
+             typically for client, 1 RTT packets may occupy in-flight
+             bytes (e.g., some large requests and PMTUD), and
+             Handshake packet loss shrinks CWND, and we may get in the
+             situation that we are unable to send Handshake packet. */
+          (conn->hs_pktns->rtb.num_pto_eliciting == 0 &&
+           ngtcp2_ksl_len(&conn->hs_pktns->crypto.tx.frq))) {
+        destlen = origlen;
+      }
+      nwrite = conn_write_handshake_pkts(conn, pi, dest, destlen,
+                                         /* write_datalen = */ 0, ts);
+      if (nwrite < 0) {
+        return nwrite;
+      }
+      if (nwrite > 0) {
+        res = nwrite;
+        dest += nwrite;
+        destlen -= (size_t)nwrite;
+      } else if (destlen == 0) {
+        res = conn_write_handshake_ack_pkts(conn, pi, dest, origlen, ts);
+        if (res) {
+          return res;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (conn->pktns.rtb.probe_pkt_left) {
+    ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_CON,
+                    "transmit probe pkt left=%zu",
+                    conn->pktns.rtb.probe_pkt_left);
+
+    nwrite = conn_write_pkt(conn, pi, dest, destlen, vmsg, NGTCP2_PKT_1RTT,
+                            wflags, ts);
+
+    goto fin;
+  }
+
+  nwrite = conn_write_pkt(conn, pi, dest, destlen, vmsg, NGTCP2_PKT_1RTT,
+                          wflags, ts);
+  if (nwrite) {
+    assert(nwrite != NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF);
+    goto fin;
+  }
+
+  if (res == 0) {
+    nwrite = conn_write_ack_pkt(conn, pi, dest, origlen, NGTCP2_PKT_1RTT, ts);
+  }
+
+fin:
+  conn->pkt.hs_spktlen = 0;
+
+  if (nwrite >= 0) {
+    res += nwrite;
+    return res;
+  }
+  /* NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_PPE_PENDING is set in conn_write_pkt above.
+     ppe_pending cannot be used here. */
+  if (conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_PPE_PENDING) {
+    conn->pkt.hs_spktlen = res;
+  }
+
+  return nwrite;
+}
+
+static ngtcp2_ssize
+conn_write_connection_close(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi,
+                            uint8_t *dest, size_t destlen, uint8_t pkt_type,
+                            uint64_t error_code, const uint8_t *reason,
+                            size_t reasonlen, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_pktns *in_pktns = conn->in_pktns;
+  ngtcp2_pktns *hs_pktns = conn->hs_pktns;
+  ngtcp2_ssize res = 0, nwrite;
+  ngtcp2_frame fr;
+  uint8_t flags = NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_NONE;
+
+  fr.type = NGTCP2_FRAME_CONNECTION_CLOSE;
+  fr.connection_close.error_code = error_code;
+  fr.connection_close.frame_type = 0;
+  fr.connection_close.reasonlen = reasonlen;
+  fr.connection_close.reason = (uint8_t *)reason;
+
+  if (!(conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_HANDSHAKE_CONFIRMED) &&
+      pkt_type != NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL) {
+    if (in_pktns && conn->server) {
+      nwrite = ngtcp2_conn_write_single_frame_pkt(
+          conn, pi, dest, destlen, NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL,
+          NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_NONE, &conn->dcid.current.cid, &fr,
+          NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE, NULL, ts);
+      if (nwrite < 0) {
+        return nwrite;
+      }
+
+      dest += nwrite;
+      destlen -= (size_t)nwrite;
+      res += nwrite;
+    }
+
+    if (pkt_type != NGTCP2_PKT_HANDSHAKE && hs_pktns &&
+        hs_pktns->crypto.tx.ckm) {
+      nwrite = ngtcp2_conn_write_single_frame_pkt(
+          conn, pi, dest, destlen, NGTCP2_PKT_HANDSHAKE,
+          NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_NONE, &conn->dcid.current.cid, &fr,
+          NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE, NULL, ts);
+      if (nwrite < 0) {
+        return nwrite;
+      }
+
+      dest += nwrite;
+      destlen -= (size_t)nwrite;
+      res += nwrite;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!conn->server && pkt_type == NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL) {
+    flags = NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_REQUIRE_PADDING;
+  }
+
+  nwrite = ngtcp2_conn_write_single_frame_pkt(
+      conn, pi, dest, destlen, pkt_type, flags, &conn->dcid.current.cid, &fr,
+      NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE, NULL, ts);
+
+  if (nwrite < 0) {
+    return nwrite;
+  }
+
+  res += nwrite;
+
+  if (res == 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF;
+  }
+
+  return res;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_conn_write_connection_close_pkt(
+    ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_path *path, ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi, uint8_t *dest,
+    size_t destlen, uint64_t error_code, const uint8_t *reason,
+    size_t reasonlen, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_pktns *in_pktns = conn->in_pktns;
+  ngtcp2_pktns *hs_pktns = conn->hs_pktns;
+  uint8_t pkt_type;
+  ngtcp2_ssize nwrite;
+  uint64_t server_tx_left;
+
+  conn->log.last_ts = ts;
+  conn->qlog.last_ts = ts;
+
+  if (conn_check_pkt_num_exhausted(conn)) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_PKT_NUM_EXHAUSTED;
+  }
+
+  switch (conn->state) {
+  case NGTCP2_CS_CLIENT_INITIAL:
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_STATE;
+  case NGTCP2_CS_CLOSING:
+  case NGTCP2_CS_DRAINING:
+    return 0;
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+
+  if (path) {
+    ngtcp2_path_copy(path, &conn->dcid.current.ps.path);
+  }
+
+  destlen = conn_shape_udp_payload(conn, &conn->dcid.current, destlen);
+
+  if (pi) {
+    pi->ecn = NGTCP2_ECN_NOT_ECT;
+  }
+
+  if (conn->server) {
+    server_tx_left = conn_server_tx_left(conn, &conn->dcid.current);
+    destlen = (size_t)ngtcp2_min((uint64_t)destlen, server_tx_left);
+  }
+
+  if (conn->state == NGTCP2_CS_POST_HANDSHAKE ||
+      (conn->server && conn->pktns.crypto.tx.ckm)) {
+    pkt_type = NGTCP2_PKT_1RTT;
+  } else if (hs_pktns && hs_pktns->crypto.tx.ckm) {
+    pkt_type = NGTCP2_PKT_HANDSHAKE;
+  } else if (in_pktns && in_pktns->crypto.tx.ckm) {
+    pkt_type = NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL;
+  } else {
+    /* This branch is taken if server has not read any Initial packet
+       from client. */
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_STATE;
+  }
+
+  nwrite = conn_write_connection_close(conn, pi, dest, destlen, pkt_type,
+                                       error_code, reason, reasonlen, ts);
+  if (nwrite < 0) {
+    return nwrite;
+  }
+
+  conn->state = NGTCP2_CS_CLOSING;
+
+  return nwrite;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_conn_write_application_close_pkt(
+    ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_path *path, ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi, uint8_t *dest,
+    size_t destlen, uint64_t app_error_code, const uint8_t *reason,
+    size_t reasonlen, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_ssize nwrite;
+  ngtcp2_ssize res = 0;
+  ngtcp2_frame fr;
+  uint64_t server_tx_left;
+
+  conn->log.last_ts = ts;
+  conn->qlog.last_ts = ts;
+
+  if (conn_check_pkt_num_exhausted(conn)) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_PKT_NUM_EXHAUSTED;
+  }
+
+  switch (conn->state) {
+  case NGTCP2_CS_CLIENT_INITIAL:
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_STATE;
+  case NGTCP2_CS_CLOSING:
+  case NGTCP2_CS_DRAINING:
+    return 0;
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+
+  if (path) {
+    ngtcp2_path_copy(path, &conn->dcid.current.ps.path);
+  }
+
+  destlen = conn_shape_udp_payload(conn, &conn->dcid.current, destlen);
+
+  if (pi) {
+    pi->ecn = NGTCP2_ECN_NOT_ECT;
+  }
+
+  if (conn->server) {
+    server_tx_left = conn_server_tx_left(conn, &conn->dcid.current);
+    destlen = (size_t)ngtcp2_min((uint64_t)destlen, server_tx_left);
+  }
+
+  if (!(conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_HANDSHAKE_CONFIRMED)) {
+    nwrite = conn_write_connection_close(conn, pi, dest, destlen,
+                                         conn->hs_pktns->crypto.tx.ckm
+                                             ? NGTCP2_PKT_HANDSHAKE
+                                             : NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL,
+                                         NGTCP2_APPLICATION_ERROR, NULL, 0, ts);
+    if (nwrite < 0) {
+      return nwrite;
+    }
+    res = nwrite;
+    dest += nwrite;
+    destlen -= (size_t)nwrite;
+  }
+
+  if (conn->state != NGTCP2_CS_POST_HANDSHAKE) {
+    assert(res);
+
+    if (!conn->server || !conn->pktns.crypto.tx.ckm) {
+      return res;
+    }
+  }
+
+  assert(conn->pktns.crypto.tx.ckm);
+
+  fr.type = NGTCP2_FRAME_CONNECTION_CLOSE_APP;
+  fr.connection_close.error_code = app_error_code;
+  fr.connection_close.frame_type = 0;
+  fr.connection_close.reasonlen = reasonlen;
+  fr.connection_close.reason = (uint8_t *)reason;
+
+  nwrite = ngtcp2_conn_write_single_frame_pkt(
+      conn, pi, dest, destlen, NGTCP2_PKT_1RTT, NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_NONE,
+      &conn->dcid.current.cid, &fr, NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE, NULL, ts);
+
+  if (nwrite < 0) {
+    return nwrite;
+  }
+
+  res += nwrite;
+
+  if (res == 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF;
+  }
+
+  conn->state = NGTCP2_CS_CLOSING;
+
+  return res;
+}
+
+static void
+connection_close_error_init(ngtcp2_connection_close_error *ccerr,
+                            ngtcp2_connection_close_error_code_type type,
+                            uint64_t error_code, const uint8_t *reason,
+                            size_t reasonlen) {
+  ccerr->type = type;
+  ccerr->error_code = error_code;
+  ccerr->frame_type = 0;
+  ccerr->reason = (uint8_t *)reason;
+  ccerr->reasonlen = reasonlen;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_connection_close_error_default(
+    ngtcp2_connection_close_error *ccerr) {
+  connection_close_error_init(ccerr,
+                              NGTCP2_CONNECTION_CLOSE_ERROR_CODE_TYPE_TRANSPORT,
+                              NGTCP2_NO_ERROR, NULL, 0);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_connection_close_error_set_transport_error(
+    ngtcp2_connection_close_error *ccerr, uint64_t error_code,
+    const uint8_t *reason, size_t reasonlen) {
+  connection_close_error_init(ccerr,
+                              NGTCP2_CONNECTION_CLOSE_ERROR_CODE_TYPE_TRANSPORT,
+                              error_code, reason, reasonlen);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_connection_close_error_set_transport_error_liberr(
+    ngtcp2_connection_close_error *ccerr, int liberr, const uint8_t *reason,
+    size_t reasonlen) {
+  switch (liberr) {
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_RECV_VERSION_NEGOTIATION:
+    connection_close_error_init(
+        ccerr,
+        NGTCP2_CONNECTION_CLOSE_ERROR_CODE_TYPE_TRANSPORT_VERSION_NEGOTIATION,
+        NGTCP2_NO_ERROR, reason, reasonlen);
+
+    return;
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_IDLE_CLOSE:
+    connection_close_error_init(
+        ccerr, NGTCP2_CONNECTION_CLOSE_ERROR_CODE_TYPE_TRANSPORT_IDLE_CLOSE,
+        NGTCP2_NO_ERROR, reason, reasonlen);
+
+    return;
+  };
+
+  ngtcp2_connection_close_error_set_transport_error(
+      ccerr, ngtcp2_err_infer_quic_transport_error_code(liberr), reason,
+      reasonlen);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_connection_close_error_set_transport_error_tls_alert(
+    ngtcp2_connection_close_error *ccerr, uint8_t tls_alert,
+    const uint8_t *reason, size_t reasonlen) {
+  ngtcp2_connection_close_error_set_transport_error(
+      ccerr, NGTCP2_CRYPTO_ERROR | tls_alert, reason, reasonlen);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_connection_close_error_set_application_error(
+    ngtcp2_connection_close_error *ccerr, uint64_t error_code,
+    const uint8_t *reason, size_t reasonlen) {
+  connection_close_error_init(
+      ccerr, NGTCP2_CONNECTION_CLOSE_ERROR_CODE_TYPE_APPLICATION, error_code,
+      reason, reasonlen);
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_conn_write_connection_close_versioned(
+    ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_path *path, int pkt_info_version,
+    ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi, uint8_t *dest, size_t destlen,
+    const ngtcp2_connection_close_error *ccerr, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  (void)pkt_info_version;
+
+  switch (ccerr->type) {
+  case NGTCP2_CONNECTION_CLOSE_ERROR_CODE_TYPE_TRANSPORT:
+    return ngtcp2_conn_write_connection_close_pkt(
+        conn, path, pi, dest, destlen, ccerr->error_code, ccerr->reason,
+        ccerr->reasonlen, ts);
+  case NGTCP2_CONNECTION_CLOSE_ERROR_CODE_TYPE_APPLICATION:
+    return ngtcp2_conn_write_application_close_pkt(
+        conn, path, pi, dest, destlen, ccerr->error_code, ccerr->reason,
+        ccerr->reasonlen, ts);
+  default:
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_is_in_closing_period(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  return conn->state == NGTCP2_CS_CLOSING;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_is_in_draining_period(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  return conn->state == NGTCP2_CS_DRAINING;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_close_stream(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_strm *strm) {
+  int rv;
+
+  rv = conn_call_stream_close(conn, strm);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_map_remove(&conn->strms, (ngtcp2_map_key_type)strm->stream_id);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    assert(rv != NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  if (ngtcp2_strm_is_tx_queued(strm)) {
+    ngtcp2_pq_remove(&conn->tx.strmq, &strm->pe);
+    if (!ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_empty(strm)) {
+      assert(conn->tx.strmq_nretrans);
+      --conn->tx.strmq_nretrans;
+    }
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_strm_free(strm);
+  ngtcp2_objalloc_strm_release(&conn->strm_objalloc, strm);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_close_stream_if_shut_rdwr(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                          ngtcp2_strm *strm) {
+  if ((strm->flags & NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SHUT_RDWR) ==
+          NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SHUT_RDWR &&
+      ((strm->flags & NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_RECV_RST) ||
+       ngtcp2_strm_rx_offset(strm) == strm->rx.last_offset) &&
+      (((strm->flags & NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SENT_RST) &&
+        (strm->flags & NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_RST_ACKED)) ||
+       ngtcp2_strm_is_all_tx_data_fin_acked(strm))) {
+    return ngtcp2_conn_close_stream(conn, strm);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_shutdown_stream_write closes send stream with error code
+ * |app_error_code|.  RESET_STREAM frame is scheduled.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ */
+static int conn_shutdown_stream_write(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_strm *strm,
+                                      uint64_t app_error_code) {
+  ngtcp2_strm_set_app_error_code(strm, app_error_code);
+
+  if ((strm->flags & NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SENT_RST) ||
+      ngtcp2_strm_is_all_tx_data_fin_acked(strm)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  /* Set this flag so that we don't accidentally send DATA to this
+     stream. */
+  strm->flags |= NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SHUT_WR | NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SENT_RST;
+
+  ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_clear(strm);
+
+  return conn_reset_stream(conn, strm, app_error_code);
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_shutdown_stream_read closes read stream with error code
+ * |app_error_code|.  STOP_SENDING frame is scheduled.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ */
+static int conn_shutdown_stream_read(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_strm *strm,
+                                     uint64_t app_error_code) {
+  ngtcp2_strm_set_app_error_code(strm, app_error_code);
+
+  if (strm->flags & NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_STOP_SENDING) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if ((strm->flags & NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SHUT_RD) &&
+      ngtcp2_strm_rx_offset(strm) == strm->rx.last_offset) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  /* Extend connection flow control window for the amount of data
+     which are not passed to application. */
+  if (!(strm->flags &
+        (NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_STOP_SENDING | NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_RECV_RST))) {
+    ngtcp2_conn_extend_max_offset(conn, strm->rx.last_offset -
+                                            ngtcp2_strm_rx_offset(strm));
+  }
+
+  strm->flags |= NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_STOP_SENDING;
+
+  return conn_stop_sending(conn, strm, app_error_code);
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_shutdown_stream(ngtcp2_conn *conn, int64_t stream_id,
+                                uint64_t app_error_code) {
+  int rv;
+  ngtcp2_strm *strm;
+
+  strm = ngtcp2_conn_find_stream(conn, stream_id);
+  if (strm == NULL) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (bidi_stream(stream_id) || !conn_local_stream(conn, stream_id)) {
+    rv = conn_shutdown_stream_read(conn, strm, app_error_code);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (bidi_stream(stream_id) || conn_local_stream(conn, stream_id)) {
+    rv = conn_shutdown_stream_write(conn, strm, app_error_code);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_shutdown_stream_write(ngtcp2_conn *conn, int64_t stream_id,
+                                      uint64_t app_error_code) {
+  ngtcp2_strm *strm;
+
+  if (!bidi_stream(stream_id) && !conn_local_stream(conn, stream_id)) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+
+  strm = ngtcp2_conn_find_stream(conn, stream_id);
+  if (strm == NULL) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  return conn_shutdown_stream_write(conn, strm, app_error_code);
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_shutdown_stream_read(ngtcp2_conn *conn, int64_t stream_id,
+                                     uint64_t app_error_code) {
+  ngtcp2_strm *strm;
+
+  if (!bidi_stream(stream_id) && conn_local_stream(conn, stream_id)) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+
+  strm = ngtcp2_conn_find_stream(conn, stream_id);
+  if (strm == NULL) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  return conn_shutdown_stream_read(conn, strm, app_error_code);
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_extend_max_stream_offset extends stream level flow control
+ * window by |datalen| of the stream denoted by |strm|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ */
+static int conn_extend_max_stream_offset(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_strm *strm,
+                                         uint64_t datalen) {
+  ngtcp2_strm *top;
+
+  if (datalen > NGTCP2_MAX_VARINT ||
+      strm->rx.unsent_max_offset > NGTCP2_MAX_VARINT - datalen) {
+    strm->rx.unsent_max_offset = NGTCP2_MAX_VARINT;
+  } else {
+    strm->rx.unsent_max_offset += datalen;
+  }
+
+  if (!(strm->flags &
+        (NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SHUT_RD | NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_STOP_SENDING)) &&
+      !ngtcp2_strm_is_tx_queued(strm) &&
+      conn_should_send_max_stream_data(conn, strm)) {
+    if (!ngtcp2_pq_empty(&conn->tx.strmq)) {
+      top = ngtcp2_conn_tx_strmq_top(conn);
+      strm->cycle = top->cycle;
+    }
+    strm->cycle = conn_tx_strmq_first_cycle(conn);
+    return ngtcp2_conn_tx_strmq_push(conn, strm);
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_extend_max_stream_offset(ngtcp2_conn *conn, int64_t stream_id,
+                                         uint64_t datalen) {
+  ngtcp2_strm *strm;
+
+  strm = ngtcp2_conn_find_stream(conn, stream_id);
+  if (strm == NULL) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  return conn_extend_max_stream_offset(conn, strm, datalen);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_conn_extend_max_offset(ngtcp2_conn *conn, uint64_t datalen) {
+  if (NGTCP2_MAX_VARINT < datalen ||
+      conn->rx.unsent_max_offset > NGTCP2_MAX_VARINT - datalen) {
+    conn->rx.unsent_max_offset = NGTCP2_MAX_VARINT;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  conn->rx.unsent_max_offset += datalen;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_conn_extend_max_streams_bidi(ngtcp2_conn *conn, size_t n) {
+  handle_max_remote_streams_extension(&conn->remote.bidi.unsent_max_streams, n);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_conn_extend_max_streams_uni(ngtcp2_conn *conn, size_t n) {
+  handle_max_remote_streams_extension(&conn->remote.uni.unsent_max_streams, n);
+}
+
+const ngtcp2_cid *ngtcp2_conn_get_dcid(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  return &conn->dcid.current.cid;
+}
+
+const ngtcp2_cid *ngtcp2_conn_get_client_initial_dcid(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  return &conn->rcid;
+}
+
+uint32_t ngtcp2_conn_get_client_chosen_version(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  return conn->client_chosen_version;
+}
+
+uint32_t ngtcp2_conn_get_negotiated_version(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  return conn->negotiated_version;
+}
+
+static int delete_strms_pq_each(void *data, void *ptr) {
+  ngtcp2_conn *conn = ptr;
+  ngtcp2_strm *s = data;
+
+  if (ngtcp2_strm_is_tx_queued(s)) {
+    ngtcp2_pq_remove(&conn->tx.strmq, &s->pe);
+    if (!ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_empty(s)) {
+      assert(conn->tx.strmq_nretrans);
+      --conn->tx.strmq_nretrans;
+    }
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_strm_free(s);
+  ngtcp2_objalloc_strm_release(&conn->strm_objalloc, s);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_discard_early_data_state discards any connection states which
+ * are altered by any operations during early data transfer.
+ */
+static void conn_discard_early_data_state(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain **pfrc, *frc;
+
+  ngtcp2_rtb_remove_early_data(&conn->pktns.rtb, &conn->cstat);
+
+  ngtcp2_map_each_free(&conn->strms, delete_strms_pq_each, conn);
+  ngtcp2_map_clear(&conn->strms);
+
+  conn->tx.offset = 0;
+
+  conn->rx.unsent_max_offset = conn->rx.max_offset =
+      conn->local.transport_params.initial_max_data;
+
+  conn->remote.bidi.unsent_max_streams = conn->remote.bidi.max_streams =
+      conn->local.transport_params.initial_max_streams_bidi;
+
+  conn->remote.uni.unsent_max_streams = conn->remote.uni.max_streams =
+      conn->local.transport_params.initial_max_streams_uni;
+
+  if (conn->server) {
+    conn->local.bidi.next_stream_id = 1;
+    conn->local.uni.next_stream_id = 3;
+  } else {
+    conn->local.bidi.next_stream_id = 0;
+    conn->local.uni.next_stream_id = 2;
+  }
+
+  for (pfrc = &conn->pktns.tx.frq; *pfrc;) {
+    frc = *pfrc;
+    *pfrc = (*pfrc)->next;
+    ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+  }
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_early_data_rejected(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  if (conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_EARLY_DATA_REJECTED) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  conn->flags |= NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_EARLY_DATA_REJECTED;
+
+  conn_discard_early_data_state(conn);
+
+  if (conn->callbacks.early_data_rejected) {
+    return conn->callbacks.early_data_rejected(conn, conn->user_data);
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_get_early_data_rejected(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  return (conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_EARLY_DATA_REJECTED) != 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_update_rtt(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_duration rtt,
+                           ngtcp2_duration ack_delay, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat = &conn->cstat;
+
+  if (cstat->min_rtt == UINT64_MAX) {
+    cstat->latest_rtt = rtt;
+    cstat->min_rtt = rtt;
+    cstat->smoothed_rtt = rtt;
+    cstat->rttvar = rtt / 2;
+    cstat->first_rtt_sample_ts = ts;
+  } else {
+    if (conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_HANDSHAKE_CONFIRMED) {
+      assert(conn->remote.transport_params);
+
+      ack_delay =
+          ngtcp2_min(ack_delay, conn->remote.transport_params->max_ack_delay);
+    } else if (ack_delay > 0 && rtt >= cstat->min_rtt &&
+               rtt < cstat->min_rtt + ack_delay) {
+      /* Ignore RTT sample if adjusting ack_delay causes the sample
+         less than min_rtt before handshake confirmation. */
+      ngtcp2_log_info(
+          &conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+          "ignore rtt sample because ack_delay is too large latest_rtt=%" PRIu64
+          " min_rtt=%" PRIu64 " ack_delay=%" PRIu64,
+          rtt / NGTCP2_MILLISECONDS, cstat->min_rtt / NGTCP2_MILLISECONDS,
+          ack_delay / NGTCP2_MILLISECONDS);
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+    }
+
+    cstat->latest_rtt = rtt;
+    cstat->min_rtt = ngtcp2_min(cstat->min_rtt, rtt);
+
+    if (rtt >= cstat->min_rtt + ack_delay) {
+      rtt -= ack_delay;
+    }
+
+    cstat->rttvar = (cstat->rttvar * 3 + (cstat->smoothed_rtt < rtt
+                                              ? rtt - cstat->smoothed_rtt
+                                              : cstat->smoothed_rtt - rtt)) /
+                    4;
+    cstat->smoothed_rtt = (cstat->smoothed_rtt * 7 + rtt) / 8;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_log_info(
+      &conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+      "latest_rtt=%" PRIu64 " min_rtt=%" PRIu64 " smoothed_rtt=%" PRIu64
+      " rttvar=%" PRIu64 " ack_delay=%" PRIu64,
+      cstat->latest_rtt / NGTCP2_MILLISECONDS,
+      cstat->min_rtt / NGTCP2_MILLISECONDS,
+      cstat->smoothed_rtt / NGTCP2_MILLISECONDS,
+      cstat->rttvar / NGTCP2_MILLISECONDS, ack_delay / NGTCP2_MILLISECONDS);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_conn_get_conn_stat_versioned(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                         int conn_stat_version,
+                                         ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  (void)conn_stat_version;
+
+  *cstat = conn->cstat;
+}
+
+static void conn_get_loss_time_and_pktns(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                         ngtcp2_tstamp *ploss_time,
+                                         ngtcp2_pktns **ppktns) {
+  ngtcp2_pktns *const ns[] = {conn->hs_pktns, &conn->pktns};
+  ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat = &conn->cstat;
+  ngtcp2_duration *loss_time = cstat->loss_time + 1;
+  ngtcp2_tstamp earliest_loss_time = cstat->loss_time[NGTCP2_PKTNS_ID_INITIAL];
+  ngtcp2_pktns *pktns = conn->in_pktns;
+  size_t i;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < ngtcp2_arraylen(ns); ++i) {
+    if (ns[i] == NULL || loss_time[i] >= earliest_loss_time) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    earliest_loss_time = loss_time[i];
+    pktns = ns[i];
+  }
+
+  if (ploss_time) {
+    *ploss_time = earliest_loss_time;
+  }
+  if (ppktns) {
+    *ppktns = pktns;
+  }
+}
+
+static ngtcp2_tstamp conn_get_earliest_pto_expiry(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                                  ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_pktns *ns[] = {conn->in_pktns, conn->hs_pktns, &conn->pktns};
+  size_t i;
+  ngtcp2_tstamp earliest_ts = UINT64_MAX, t;
+  ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat = &conn->cstat;
+  ngtcp2_tstamp *times = cstat->last_tx_pkt_ts;
+  ngtcp2_duration duration =
+      compute_pto(cstat->smoothed_rtt, cstat->rttvar, /* max_ack_delay = */ 0) *
+      (1ULL << cstat->pto_count);
+
+  for (i = NGTCP2_PKTNS_ID_INITIAL; i < NGTCP2_PKTNS_ID_MAX; ++i) {
+    if (ns[i] == NULL || ns[i]->rtb.num_pto_eliciting == 0 ||
+        (times[i] == UINT64_MAX ||
+         (i == NGTCP2_PKTNS_ID_APPLICATION &&
+          !(conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_HANDSHAKE_CONFIRMED)))) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    t = times[i] + duration;
+
+    if (i == NGTCP2_PKTNS_ID_APPLICATION) {
+      assert(conn->remote.transport_params);
+      t += conn->remote.transport_params->max_ack_delay *
+           (1ULL << cstat->pto_count);
+    }
+
+    if (t < earliest_ts) {
+      earliest_ts = t;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (earliest_ts == UINT64_MAX) {
+    return ts + duration;
+  }
+
+  return earliest_ts;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_conn_set_loss_detection_timer(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat = &conn->cstat;
+  ngtcp2_duration timeout;
+  ngtcp2_pktns *in_pktns = conn->in_pktns;
+  ngtcp2_pktns *hs_pktns = conn->hs_pktns;
+  ngtcp2_pktns *pktns = &conn->pktns;
+  ngtcp2_tstamp earliest_loss_time;
+
+  conn_get_loss_time_and_pktns(conn, &earliest_loss_time, NULL);
+
+  if (earliest_loss_time != UINT64_MAX) {
+    cstat->loss_detection_timer = earliest_loss_time;
+
+    ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                    "loss_detection_timer=%" PRIu64 " nonzero crypto loss time",
+                    cstat->loss_detection_timer);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if ((!in_pktns || in_pktns->rtb.num_pto_eliciting == 0) &&
+      (!hs_pktns || hs_pktns->rtb.num_pto_eliciting == 0) &&
+      (pktns->rtb.num_pto_eliciting == 0 ||
+       !(conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_HANDSHAKE_CONFIRMED)) &&
+      (conn->server ||
+       (conn->flags & (NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_SERVER_ADDR_VERIFIED |
+                       NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_HANDSHAKE_CONFIRMED)))) {
+    if (cstat->loss_detection_timer != UINT64_MAX) {
+      ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                      "loss detection timer canceled");
+      cstat->loss_detection_timer = UINT64_MAX;
+      cstat->pto_count = 0;
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  cstat->loss_detection_timer = conn_get_earliest_pto_expiry(conn, ts);
+
+  timeout =
+      cstat->loss_detection_timer > ts ? cstat->loss_detection_timer - ts : 0;
+
+  ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                  "loss_detection_timer=%" PRIu64 " timeout=%" PRIu64,
+                  cstat->loss_detection_timer, timeout / NGTCP2_MILLISECONDS);
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_on_loss_detection_timer(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat = &conn->cstat;
+  int rv;
+  ngtcp2_pktns *in_pktns = conn->in_pktns;
+  ngtcp2_pktns *hs_pktns = conn->hs_pktns;
+  ngtcp2_tstamp earliest_loss_time;
+  ngtcp2_pktns *loss_pktns = NULL;
+
+  conn->log.last_ts = ts;
+  conn->qlog.last_ts = ts;
+
+  switch (conn->state) {
+  case NGTCP2_CS_CLOSING:
+  case NGTCP2_CS_DRAINING:
+    cstat->loss_detection_timer = UINT64_MAX;
+    cstat->pto_count = 0;
+    return 0;
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+
+  if (cstat->loss_detection_timer == UINT64_MAX) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  conn_get_loss_time_and_pktns(conn, &earliest_loss_time, &loss_pktns);
+
+  ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                  "loss detection timer fired");
+
+  if (earliest_loss_time != UINT64_MAX) {
+    assert(loss_pktns);
+
+    rv = ngtcp2_conn_detect_lost_pkt(conn, loss_pktns, cstat, ts);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+    ngtcp2_conn_set_loss_detection_timer(conn, ts);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (!conn->server && !conn_is_handshake_completed(conn)) {
+    if (hs_pktns->crypto.tx.ckm) {
+      hs_pktns->rtb.probe_pkt_left = 1;
+    } else {
+      in_pktns->rtb.probe_pkt_left = 1;
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (in_pktns && in_pktns->rtb.num_pto_eliciting) {
+      in_pktns->rtb.probe_pkt_left = 1;
+
+      assert(hs_pktns);
+
+      if (conn->server && hs_pktns->rtb.num_pto_eliciting) {
+        /* let server coalesce packets */
+        hs_pktns->rtb.probe_pkt_left = 1;
+      }
+    } else if (hs_pktns && hs_pktns->rtb.num_pto_eliciting) {
+      hs_pktns->rtb.probe_pkt_left = 1;
+    } else {
+      conn->pktns.rtb.probe_pkt_left = 2;
+    }
+  }
+
+  ++cstat->pto_count;
+
+  ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV, "pto_count=%zu",
+                  cstat->pto_count);
+
+  ngtcp2_conn_set_loss_detection_timer(conn, ts);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int conn_buffer_crypto_data(ngtcp2_conn *conn, const uint8_t **pdata,
+                                   ngtcp2_pktns *pktns, const uint8_t *data,
+                                   size_t datalen) {
+  int rv;
+  ngtcp2_buf_chain **pbufchain = &pktns->crypto.tx.data;
+
+  if (*pbufchain) {
+    for (; (*pbufchain)->next; pbufchain = &(*pbufchain)->next)
+      ;
+
+    if (ngtcp2_buf_left(&(*pbufchain)->buf) < datalen) {
+      pbufchain = &(*pbufchain)->next;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!*pbufchain) {
+    rv = ngtcp2_buf_chain_new(pbufchain, ngtcp2_max(1024, datalen), conn->mem);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+  }
+
+  *pdata = (*pbufchain)->buf.last;
+  (*pbufchain)->buf.last = ngtcp2_cpymem((*pbufchain)->buf.last, data, datalen);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_submit_crypto_data(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                   ngtcp2_crypto_level crypto_level,
+                                   const uint8_t *data, const size_t datalen) {
+  ngtcp2_pktns *pktns;
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain *frc;
+  ngtcp2_crypto *fr;
+  int rv;
+
+  if (datalen == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  switch (crypto_level) {
+  case NGTCP2_CRYPTO_LEVEL_INITIAL:
+    assert(conn->in_pktns);
+    pktns = conn->in_pktns;
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_CRYPTO_LEVEL_HANDSHAKE:
+    assert(conn->hs_pktns);
+    pktns = conn->hs_pktns;
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_CRYPTO_LEVEL_APPLICATION:
+    pktns = &conn->pktns;
+    break;
+  default:
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+
+  rv = conn_buffer_crypto_data(conn, &data, pktns, data, datalen);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_new(&frc, &conn->frc_objalloc);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  fr = &frc->fr.crypto;
+
+  fr->type = NGTCP2_FRAME_CRYPTO;
+  fr->offset = pktns->crypto.tx.offset;
+  fr->datacnt = 1;
+  fr->data[0].len = datalen;
+  fr->data[0].base = (uint8_t *)data;
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_ksl_insert(&pktns->crypto.tx.frq, NULL, &fr->offset, frc);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  pktns->crypto.strm.tx.offset += datalen;
+  pktns->crypto.tx.offset += datalen;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_submit_new_token(ngtcp2_conn *conn, const uint8_t *token,
+                                 size_t tokenlen) {
+  int rv;
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain *nfrc;
+
+  assert(conn->server);
+  assert(token);
+  assert(tokenlen);
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_frame_chain_new_token_objalloc_new(
+      &nfrc, token, tokenlen, &conn->frc_objalloc, conn->mem);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  nfrc->next = conn->pktns.tx.frq;
+  conn->pktns.tx.frq = nfrc;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_strm *ngtcp2_conn_tx_strmq_top(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  assert(!ngtcp2_pq_empty(&conn->tx.strmq));
+  return ngtcp2_struct_of(ngtcp2_pq_top(&conn->tx.strmq), ngtcp2_strm, pe);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_conn_tx_strmq_pop(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  ngtcp2_strm *strm = ngtcp2_conn_tx_strmq_top(conn);
+  assert(strm);
+  ngtcp2_pq_pop(&conn->tx.strmq);
+  strm->pe.index = NGTCP2_PQ_BAD_INDEX;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_tx_strmq_push(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_strm *strm) {
+  return ngtcp2_pq_push(&conn->tx.strmq, &strm->pe);
+}
+
+static int conn_has_uncommited_preferred_address_cid(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  return conn->server &&
+         !(conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_LOCAL_TRANSPORT_PARAMS_COMMITTED) &&
+         conn->oscid.datalen &&
+         conn->local.transport_params.preferred_address_present;
+}
+
+size_t ngtcp2_conn_get_num_scid(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  return ngtcp2_ksl_len(&conn->scid.set) +
+         (size_t)conn_has_uncommited_preferred_address_cid(conn);
+}
+
+size_t ngtcp2_conn_get_scid(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_cid *dest) {
+  ngtcp2_cid *origdest = dest;
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+  ngtcp2_scid *scid;
+
+  for (it = ngtcp2_ksl_begin(&conn->scid.set); !ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it);
+       ngtcp2_ksl_it_next(&it)) {
+    scid = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+    *dest++ = scid->cid;
+  }
+
+  if (conn_has_uncommited_preferred_address_cid(conn)) {
+    *dest++ = conn->local.transport_params.preferred_address.cid;
+  }
+
+  return (size_t)(dest - origdest);
+}
+
+size_t ngtcp2_conn_get_num_active_dcid(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  size_t n = 1; /* for conn->dcid.current */
+  ngtcp2_pv *pv = conn->pv;
+
+  if (!(conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_HANDSHAKE_COMPLETED_HANDLED)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (pv) {
+    if (pv->dcid.seq != conn->dcid.current.seq) {
+      ++n;
+    }
+    if ((pv->flags & NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_FALLBACK_ON_FAILURE) &&
+        pv->fallback_dcid.seq != conn->dcid.current.seq &&
+        pv->fallback_dcid.seq != pv->dcid.seq) {
+      ++n;
+    }
+  }
+
+  n += ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(&conn->dcid.retired.rb);
+
+  return n;
+}
+
+static void copy_dcid_to_cid_token(ngtcp2_cid_token *dest,
+                                   const ngtcp2_dcid *src) {
+  dest->seq = src->seq;
+  dest->cid = src->cid;
+  ngtcp2_path_storage_init2(&dest->ps, &src->ps.path);
+  if ((dest->token_present =
+           (src->flags & NGTCP2_DCID_FLAG_TOKEN_PRESENT) != 0)) {
+    memcpy(dest->token, src->token, NGTCP2_STATELESS_RESET_TOKENLEN);
+  }
+}
+
+size_t ngtcp2_conn_get_active_dcid(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_cid_token *dest) {
+  ngtcp2_pv *pv = conn->pv;
+  ngtcp2_cid_token *orig = dest;
+  ngtcp2_dcid *dcid;
+  size_t len, i;
+
+  if (!(conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_HANDSHAKE_COMPLETED_HANDLED)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  copy_dcid_to_cid_token(dest, &conn->dcid.current);
+  ++dest;
+
+  if (pv) {
+    if (pv->dcid.seq != conn->dcid.current.seq) {
+      copy_dcid_to_cid_token(dest, &pv->dcid);
+      ++dest;
+    }
+    if ((pv->flags & NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_FALLBACK_ON_FAILURE) &&
+        pv->fallback_dcid.seq != conn->dcid.current.seq &&
+        pv->fallback_dcid.seq != pv->dcid.seq) {
+      copy_dcid_to_cid_token(dest, &pv->fallback_dcid);
+      ++dest;
+    }
+  }
+
+  len = ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(&conn->dcid.retired.rb);
+  for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+    dcid = ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(&conn->dcid.retired.rb, i);
+    copy_dcid_to_cid_token(dest, dcid);
+    ++dest;
+  }
+
+  return (size_t)(dest - orig);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_conn_set_local_addr(ngtcp2_conn *conn, const ngtcp2_addr *addr) {
+  ngtcp2_addr *dest = &conn->dcid.current.ps.path.local;
+
+  assert(addr->addrlen <=
+         (ngtcp2_socklen)sizeof(conn->dcid.current.ps.local_addrbuf));
+  ngtcp2_addr_copy(dest, addr);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_conn_set_path_user_data(ngtcp2_conn *conn, void *path_user_data) {
+  conn->dcid.current.ps.path.user_data = path_user_data;
+}
+
+const ngtcp2_path *ngtcp2_conn_get_path(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  return &conn->dcid.current.ps.path;
+}
+
+size_t ngtcp2_conn_get_max_tx_udp_payload_size(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  return conn->local.settings.max_tx_udp_payload_size;
+}
+
+size_t ngtcp2_conn_get_path_max_tx_udp_payload_size(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  if (conn->local.settings.no_tx_udp_payload_size_shaping) {
+    return ngtcp2_conn_get_max_tx_udp_payload_size(conn);
+  }
+
+  return conn->dcid.current.max_udp_payload_size;
+}
+
+static int conn_initiate_migration_precheck(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                            const ngtcp2_addr *local_addr) {
+  if (!(conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_HANDSHAKE_CONFIRMED) ||
+      conn->remote.transport_params->disable_active_migration ||
+      conn->dcid.current.cid.datalen == 0 ||
+      (conn->pv && (conn->pv->flags & NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_PREFERRED_ADDR))) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_STATE;
+  }
+
+  if (ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(&conn->dcid.unused.rb) == 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CONN_ID_BLOCKED;
+  }
+
+  if (ngtcp2_addr_eq(&conn->dcid.current.ps.path.local, local_addr)) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_initiate_immediate_migration(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                             const ngtcp2_path *path,
+                                             ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  int rv;
+  ngtcp2_dcid *dcid;
+  ngtcp2_duration pto, initial_pto, timeout;
+  ngtcp2_pv *pv;
+
+  assert(!conn->server);
+
+  conn->log.last_ts = ts;
+  conn->qlog.last_ts = ts;
+
+  rv = conn_initiate_migration_precheck(conn, &path->local);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_conn_stop_pmtud(conn);
+
+  if (conn->pv) {
+    rv = conn_abort_pv(conn, ts);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+  }
+
+  rv = conn_retire_dcid(conn, &conn->dcid.current, ts);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  dcid = ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(&conn->dcid.unused.rb, 0);
+  ngtcp2_dcid_set_path(dcid, path);
+
+  ngtcp2_dcid_copy(&conn->dcid.current, dcid);
+  ngtcp2_ringbuf_pop_front(&conn->dcid.unused.rb);
+
+  conn_reset_congestion_state(conn, ts);
+  conn_reset_ecn_validation_state(conn);
+
+  pto = conn_compute_pto(conn, &conn->pktns);
+  initial_pto = conn_compute_initial_pto(conn, &conn->pktns);
+  timeout = 3 * ngtcp2_max(pto, initial_pto);
+
+  /* TODO It might be better to add a new flag which indicates that a
+     connection should be closed if this path validation failed.  The
+     current design allows an application to continue, by migrating
+     into yet another path. */
+  rv = ngtcp2_pv_new(&pv, dcid, timeout, NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_NONE, &conn->log,
+                     conn->mem);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  conn->pv = pv;
+
+  return conn_call_activate_dcid(conn, &conn->dcid.current);
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_initiate_migration(ngtcp2_conn *conn, const ngtcp2_path *path,
+                                   ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  int rv;
+  ngtcp2_dcid *dcid;
+  ngtcp2_duration pto, initial_pto, timeout;
+  ngtcp2_pv *pv;
+
+  assert(!conn->server);
+
+  conn->log.last_ts = ts;
+  conn->qlog.last_ts = ts;
+
+  rv = conn_initiate_migration_precheck(conn, &path->local);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  if (conn->pv) {
+    rv = conn_abort_pv(conn, ts);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+  }
+
+  dcid = ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(&conn->dcid.unused.rb, 0);
+  ngtcp2_dcid_set_path(dcid, path);
+
+  pto = conn_compute_pto(conn, &conn->pktns);
+  initial_pto = conn_compute_initial_pto(conn, &conn->pktns);
+  timeout = 3 * ngtcp2_max(pto, initial_pto);
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_pv_new(&pv, dcid, timeout, NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_NONE, &conn->log,
+                     conn->mem);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_ringbuf_pop_front(&conn->dcid.unused.rb);
+  conn->pv = pv;
+
+  return conn_call_activate_dcid(conn, &pv->dcid);
+}
+
+uint64_t ngtcp2_conn_get_max_local_streams_uni(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  return conn->local.uni.max_streams;
+}
+
+uint64_t ngtcp2_conn_get_max_data_left(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  return conn->tx.max_offset - conn->tx.offset;
+}
+
+uint64_t ngtcp2_conn_get_max_stream_data_left(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                              int64_t stream_id) {
+  ngtcp2_strm *strm = ngtcp2_conn_find_stream(conn, stream_id);
+
+  if (strm == NULL) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  return strm->tx.max_offset - strm->tx.offset;
+}
+
+uint64_t ngtcp2_conn_get_streams_bidi_left(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  uint64_t n = ngtcp2_ord_stream_id(conn->local.bidi.next_stream_id);
+
+  return n > conn->local.bidi.max_streams
+             ? 0
+             : conn->local.bidi.max_streams - n + 1;
+}
+
+uint64_t ngtcp2_conn_get_streams_uni_left(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  uint64_t n = ngtcp2_ord_stream_id(conn->local.uni.next_stream_id);
+
+  return n > conn->local.uni.max_streams ? 0
+                                         : conn->local.uni.max_streams - n + 1;
+}
+
+uint64_t ngtcp2_conn_get_cwnd_left(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  uint64_t bytes_in_flight = conn->cstat.bytes_in_flight;
+  uint64_t cwnd = conn_get_cwnd(conn);
+
+  if (cwnd > bytes_in_flight) {
+    return cwnd - bytes_in_flight;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_tstamp ngtcp2_conn_get_idle_expiry(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  ngtcp2_duration trpto;
+  ngtcp2_duration idle_timeout;
+
+  /* TODO Remote max_idle_timeout becomes effective after handshake
+     completion. */
+
+  if (!conn_is_handshake_completed(conn) ||
+      conn->remote.transport_params->max_idle_timeout == 0 ||
+      (conn->local.transport_params.max_idle_timeout &&
+       conn->local.transport_params.max_idle_timeout <
+           conn->remote.transport_params->max_idle_timeout)) {
+    idle_timeout = conn->local.transport_params.max_idle_timeout;
+  } else {
+    idle_timeout = conn->remote.transport_params->max_idle_timeout;
+  }
+
+  if (idle_timeout == 0) {
+    return UINT64_MAX;
+  }
+
+  trpto = 3 * conn_compute_pto(conn, conn_is_handshake_completed(conn)
+                                         ? &conn->pktns
+                                         : conn->hs_pktns);
+
+  return conn->idle_ts + ngtcp2_max(idle_timeout, trpto);
+}
+
+ngtcp2_duration ngtcp2_conn_get_pto(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  return conn_compute_pto(
+      conn, conn_is_handshake_completed(conn) ? &conn->pktns : conn->hs_pktns);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_conn_set_initial_crypto_ctx(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                        const ngtcp2_crypto_ctx *ctx) {
+  assert(conn->in_pktns);
+  conn->in_pktns->crypto.ctx = *ctx;
+}
+
+const ngtcp2_crypto_ctx *ngtcp2_conn_get_initial_crypto_ctx(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  assert(conn->in_pktns);
+  return &conn->in_pktns->crypto.ctx;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_conn_set_retry_aead(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                const ngtcp2_crypto_aead *aead,
+                                const ngtcp2_crypto_aead_ctx *aead_ctx) {
+  assert(!conn->crypto.retry_aead_ctx.native_handle);
+
+  conn->crypto.retry_aead = *aead;
+  conn->crypto.retry_aead_ctx = *aead_ctx;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_conn_set_crypto_ctx(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                const ngtcp2_crypto_ctx *ctx) {
+  assert(conn->hs_pktns);
+  conn->hs_pktns->crypto.ctx = *ctx;
+  conn->pktns.crypto.ctx = *ctx;
+}
+
+const ngtcp2_crypto_ctx *ngtcp2_conn_get_crypto_ctx(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  return &conn->pktns.crypto.ctx;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_conn_set_early_crypto_ctx(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                      const ngtcp2_crypto_ctx *ctx) {
+  conn->early.ctx = *ctx;
+}
+
+const ngtcp2_crypto_ctx *ngtcp2_conn_get_early_crypto_ctx(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  return &conn->early.ctx;
+}
+
+void *ngtcp2_conn_get_tls_native_handle(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  return conn->crypto.tls_native_handle;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_conn_set_tls_native_handle(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                       void *tls_native_handle) {
+  conn->crypto.tls_native_handle = tls_native_handle;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_conn_get_connection_close_error(
+    ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_connection_close_error *ccerr) {
+  *ccerr = conn->rx.ccerr;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_conn_set_tls_error(ngtcp2_conn *conn, int liberr) {
+  conn->crypto.tls_error = liberr;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_get_tls_error(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  return conn->crypto.tls_error;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_conn_set_tls_alert(ngtcp2_conn *conn, uint8_t alert) {
+  conn->crypto.tls_alert = alert;
+}
+
+uint8_t ngtcp2_conn_get_tls_alert(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  return conn->crypto.tls_alert;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_is_local_stream(ngtcp2_conn *conn, int64_t stream_id) {
+  return conn_local_stream(conn, stream_id);
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_is_server(ngtcp2_conn *conn) { return conn->server; }
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_after_retry(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  return (conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_RECV_RETRY) != 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_set_stream_user_data(ngtcp2_conn *conn, int64_t stream_id,
+                                     void *stream_user_data) {
+  ngtcp2_strm *strm = ngtcp2_conn_find_stream(conn, stream_id);
+
+  if (strm == NULL) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_NOT_FOUND;
+  }
+
+  strm->stream_user_data = stream_user_data;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_conn_update_pkt_tx_time(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  double pacing_rate;
+  ngtcp2_duration interval;
+
+  if (conn->tx.pacing.pktlen == 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (conn->cstat.pacing_rate > 0) {
+    pacing_rate = conn->cstat.pacing_rate;
+  } else {
+    /* 1.25 is the under-utilization avoidance factor described in
+       https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9002#section-7.7 */
+    pacing_rate =
+        (double)conn->cstat.cwnd / (double)conn->cstat.smoothed_rtt * 1.25;
+  }
+
+  interval = (ngtcp2_duration)((double)conn->tx.pacing.pktlen / pacing_rate);
+
+  conn->tx.pacing.next_ts = ts + interval;
+  conn->tx.pacing.pktlen = 0;
+}
+
+size_t ngtcp2_conn_get_send_quantum(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  return conn->cstat.send_quantum;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_track_retired_dcid_seq(ngtcp2_conn *conn, uint64_t seq) {
+  size_t i;
+
+  if (conn->dcid.retire_unacked.len >=
+      ngtcp2_arraylen(conn->dcid.retire_unacked.seqs)) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CONNECTION_ID_LIMIT;
+  }
+
+  /* Make sure that we do not have a duplicate */
+  for (i = 0; i < conn->dcid.retire_unacked.len; ++i) {
+    if (conn->dcid.retire_unacked.seqs[i] == seq) {
+      ngtcp2_unreachable();
+    }
+  }
+
+  conn->dcid.retire_unacked.seqs[conn->dcid.retire_unacked.len++] = seq;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_conn_untrack_retired_dcid_seq(ngtcp2_conn *conn, uint64_t seq) {
+  size_t i;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < conn->dcid.retire_unacked.len; ++i) {
+    if (conn->dcid.retire_unacked.seqs[i] != seq) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (i != conn->dcid.retire_unacked.len - 1) {
+      conn->dcid.retire_unacked.seqs[i] =
+          conn->dcid.retire_unacked.seqs[conn->dcid.retire_unacked.len - 1];
+    }
+
+    --conn->dcid.retire_unacked.len;
+
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+size_t ngtcp2_conn_get_stream_loss_count(ngtcp2_conn *conn, int64_t stream_id) {
+  ngtcp2_strm *strm = ngtcp2_conn_find_stream(conn, stream_id);
+
+  if (strm == NULL) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  return strm->tx.loss_count;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_path_challenge_entry_init(ngtcp2_path_challenge_entry *pcent,
+                                      const ngtcp2_path *path,
+                                      const uint8_t *data) {
+  ngtcp2_path_storage_init2(&pcent->ps, path);
+  memcpy(pcent->data, data, sizeof(pcent->data));
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_settings_default_versioned(int settings_version,
+                                       ngtcp2_settings *settings) {
+  (void)settings_version;
+
+  memset(settings, 0, sizeof(*settings));
+  settings->cc_algo = NGTCP2_CC_ALGO_CUBIC;
+  settings->initial_rtt = NGTCP2_DEFAULT_INITIAL_RTT;
+  settings->ack_thresh = 2;
+  settings->max_tx_udp_payload_size = 1500 - 48;
+  settings->handshake_timeout = NGTCP2_DEFAULT_HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_transport_params_default_versioned(
+    int transport_params_version, ngtcp2_transport_params *params) {
+  (void)transport_params_version;
+
+  memset(params, 0, sizeof(*params));
+  params->max_udp_payload_size = NGTCP2_DEFAULT_MAX_RECV_UDP_PAYLOAD_SIZE;
+  params->ack_delay_exponent = NGTCP2_DEFAULT_ACK_DELAY_EXPONENT;
+  params->max_ack_delay = NGTCP2_DEFAULT_MAX_ACK_DELAY;
+  params->active_connection_id_limit =
+      NGTCP2_DEFAULT_ACTIVE_CONNECTION_ID_LIMIT;
+}
+
+/* The functions prefixed with ngtcp2_pkt_ are usually put inside
+   ngtcp2_pkt.c.  This function uses encryption construct and uses
+   test data defined only in ngtcp2_conn_test.c, so it is written
+   here. */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_write_connection_close(
+    uint8_t *dest, size_t destlen, uint32_t version, const ngtcp2_cid *dcid,
+    const ngtcp2_cid *scid, uint64_t error_code, const uint8_t *reason,
+    size_t reasonlen, ngtcp2_encrypt encrypt, const ngtcp2_crypto_aead *aead,
+    const ngtcp2_crypto_aead_ctx *aead_ctx, const uint8_t *iv,
+    ngtcp2_hp_mask hp_mask, const ngtcp2_crypto_cipher *hp,
+    const ngtcp2_crypto_cipher_ctx *hp_ctx) {
+  ngtcp2_pkt_hd hd;
+  ngtcp2_crypto_km ckm;
+  ngtcp2_crypto_cc cc;
+  ngtcp2_ppe ppe;
+  ngtcp2_frame fr = {0};
+  int rv;
+
+  ngtcp2_pkt_hd_init(&hd, NGTCP2_PKT_FLAG_LONG_FORM, NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL, dcid,
+                     scid, /* pkt_num = */ 0, /* pkt_numlen = */ 1, version,
+                     /* len = */ 0);
+
+  ngtcp2_vec_init(&ckm.secret, NULL, 0);
+  ngtcp2_vec_init(&ckm.iv, iv, 12);
+  ckm.aead_ctx = *aead_ctx;
+  ckm.pkt_num = 0;
+  ckm.flags = NGTCP2_CRYPTO_KM_FLAG_NONE;
+
+  cc.aead = *aead;
+  cc.hp = *hp;
+  cc.ckm = &ckm;
+  cc.hp_ctx = *hp_ctx;
+  cc.encrypt = encrypt;
+  cc.hp_mask = hp_mask;
+
+  ngtcp2_ppe_init(&ppe, dest, destlen, &cc);
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_ppe_encode_hd(&ppe, &hd);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    assert(NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF == rv);
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  if (!ngtcp2_ppe_ensure_hp_sample(&ppe)) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF;
+  }
+
+  fr.type = NGTCP2_FRAME_CONNECTION_CLOSE;
+  fr.connection_close.error_code = error_code;
+  fr.connection_close.reasonlen = reasonlen;
+  fr.connection_close.reason = (uint8_t *)reason;
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_ppe_encode_frame(&ppe, &fr);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    assert(NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF == rv);
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  return ngtcp2_ppe_final(&ppe, NULL);
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_is_bidi_stream(int64_t stream_id) { return bidi_stream(stream_id); }
+
+uint32_t ngtcp2_select_version(const uint32_t *preferred_versions,
+                               size_t preferred_versionslen,
+                               const uint32_t *offered_versions,
+                               size_t offered_versionslen) {
+  size_t i, j;
+
+  if (!preferred_versionslen || !offered_versionslen) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < preferred_versionslen; ++i) {
+    assert(ngtcp2_is_supported_version(preferred_versions[i]));
+
+    for (j = 0; j < offered_versionslen; ++j) {
+      if (preferred_versions[i] == offered_versions[j]) {
+        return preferred_versions[i];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_conn.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_conn.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aace7d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_conn.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1115 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_CONN_H
+#define NGTCP2_CONN_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_mem.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_crypto.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_acktr.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_rtb.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_strm.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_idtr.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_str.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_pkt.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_log.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_pq.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_cc.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_bbr.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_bbr2.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_pv.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_pmtud.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_cid.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_buf.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_ppe.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_qlog.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_rst.h"
+
+typedef enum {
+  /* Client specific handshake states */
+  NGTCP2_CS_CLIENT_INITIAL,
+  NGTCP2_CS_CLIENT_WAIT_HANDSHAKE,
+  NGTCP2_CS_CLIENT_TLS_HANDSHAKE_FAILED,
+  /* Server specific handshake states */
+  NGTCP2_CS_SERVER_INITIAL,
+  NGTCP2_CS_SERVER_WAIT_HANDSHAKE,
+  NGTCP2_CS_SERVER_TLS_HANDSHAKE_FAILED,
+  /* Shared by both client and server */
+  NGTCP2_CS_POST_HANDSHAKE,
+  NGTCP2_CS_CLOSING,
+  NGTCP2_CS_DRAINING,
+} ngtcp2_conn_state;
+
+/* NGTCP2_MAX_STREAMS is the maximum number of streams. */
+#define NGTCP2_MAX_STREAMS (1LL << 60)
+
+/* NGTCP2_MAX_NUM_BUFFED_RX_PKTS is the maximum number of buffered
+   reordered packets. */
+#define NGTCP2_MAX_NUM_BUFFED_RX_PKTS 4
+
+/* NGTCP2_MAX_REORDERED_CRYPTO_DATA is the maximum offset of crypto
+   data which is not continuous.  In other words, there is a gap of
+   unreceived data. */
+#define NGTCP2_MAX_REORDERED_CRYPTO_DATA 65536
+
+/* NGTCP2_MAX_RX_INITIAL_CRYPTO_DATA is the maximum offset of received
+   crypto stream in Initial packet.  We set this hard limit here
+   because crypto stream is unbounded. */
+#define NGTCP2_MAX_RX_INITIAL_CRYPTO_DATA 65536
+/* NGTCP2_MAX_RX_HANDSHAKE_CRYPTO_DATA is the maximum offset of
+   received crypto stream in Handshake packet.  We set this hard limit
+   here because crypto stream is unbounded. */
+#define NGTCP2_MAX_RX_HANDSHAKE_CRYPTO_DATA 65536
+
+/* NGTCP2_MAX_RETRIES is the number of Retry packet which client can
+   accept. */
+#define NGTCP2_MAX_RETRIES 3
+
+/* NGTCP2_MAX_BOUND_DCID_POOL_SIZE is the maximum number of
+   destination connection ID which have been bound to a particular
+   path, but not yet used as primary path and path validation is not
+   performed from the local endpoint. */
+#define NGTCP2_MAX_BOUND_DCID_POOL_SIZE 4
+/* NGTCP2_MAX_DCID_POOL_SIZE is the maximum number of destination
+   connection ID the remote endpoint provides to store.  It must be
+   the power of 2. */
+#define NGTCP2_MAX_DCID_POOL_SIZE 8
+/* NGTCP2_MAX_DCID_RETIRED_SIZE is the maximum number of retired DCID
+   kept to catch in-flight packet on retired path. */
+#define NGTCP2_MAX_DCID_RETIRED_SIZE 2
+/* NGTCP2_MAX_SCID_POOL_SIZE is the maximum number of source
+   connection ID the local endpoint provides to the remote endpoint.
+   The chosen value was described in old draft.  Now a remote endpoint
+   tells the maximum value.  The value can be quite large, and we have
+   to put the sane limit.*/
+#define NGTCP2_MAX_SCID_POOL_SIZE 8
+
+/* NGTCP2_MAX_NON_ACK_TX_PKT is the maximum number of continuous non
+   ACK-eliciting packets. */
+#define NGTCP2_MAX_NON_ACK_TX_PKT 3
+
+/* NGTCP2_ECN_MAX_NUM_VALIDATION_PKTS is the maximum number of ECN marked
+   packets sent in NGTCP2_ECN_STATE_TESTING period. */
+#define NGTCP2_ECN_MAX_NUM_VALIDATION_PKTS 10
+
+/* NGTCP2_CONNECTION_CLOSE_ERROR_MAX_REASONLEN is the maximum length
+   of reason phrase to remember.  If the received reason phrase is
+   longer than this value, it is truncated. */
+#define NGTCP2_CONNECTION_CLOSE_ERROR_MAX_REASONLEN 1024
+
+/* NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_NONE indicates that no flag is set. */
+#define NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_NONE 0x00u
+/* NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_REQUIRE_PADDING indicates that packet other
+   than Initial packet should be padded.  Initial packet might be
+   padded based on QUIC requirement regardless of this flag. */
+#define NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_REQUIRE_PADDING 0x01u
+/* NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_MORE indicates that more frames might come
+   and it should be encoded into the current packet. */
+#define NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_MORE 0x02u
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_max_frame is defined so that it covers the largest ACK
+ * frame.
+ */
+typedef union ngtcp2_max_frame {
+  ngtcp2_frame fr;
+  struct {
+    ngtcp2_ack ack;
+    /* ack includes 1 ngtcp2_ack_range. */
+    ngtcp2_ack_range ranges[NGTCP2_MAX_ACK_RANGES - 1];
+  } ackfr;
+} ngtcp2_max_frame;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_path_challenge_entry {
+  ngtcp2_path_storage ps;
+  uint8_t data[8];
+} ngtcp2_path_challenge_entry;
+
+void ngtcp2_path_challenge_entry_init(ngtcp2_path_challenge_entry *pcent,
+                                      const ngtcp2_path *path,
+                                      const uint8_t *data);
+
+/* NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_NONE indicates that no flag is set. */
+#define NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_NONE 0x00u
+/* NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_HANDSHAKE_COMPLETED is set when TLS stack declares
+   that TLS handshake has completed.  The condition of this
+   declaration varies between TLS implementations and this flag does
+   not indicate the completion of QUIC handshake.  Some
+   implementations declare TLS handshake completion as server when
+   they write off Server Finished and before deriving application rx
+   secret. */
+#define NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_HANDSHAKE_COMPLETED 0x01u
+/* NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_CONN_ID_NEGOTIATED is set if connection ID is
+   negotiated.  This is only used for client. */
+#define NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_CONN_ID_NEGOTIATED 0x02u
+/* NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_TRANSPORT_PARAM_RECVED is set if transport
+   parameters are received. */
+#define NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_TRANSPORT_PARAM_RECVED 0x04u
+/* NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_LOCAL_TRANSPORT_PARAMS_COMMITTED is set when a
+   local transport parameters are applied. */
+#define NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_LOCAL_TRANSPORT_PARAMS_COMMITTED 0x08u
+/* NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_RECV_RETRY is set when a client receives Retry
+   packet. */
+#define NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_RECV_RETRY 0x10u
+/* NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_EARLY_DATA_REJECTED is set when 0-RTT packet is
+   rejected by a peer. */
+#define NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_EARLY_DATA_REJECTED 0x20u
+/* NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_KEEP_ALIVE_CANCELLED is set when the expired
+   keep-alive timer has been cancelled. */
+#define NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_KEEP_ALIVE_CANCELLED 0x40u
+/* NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_HANDSHAKE_CONFIRMED is set when an endpoint
+   confirmed completion of handshake. */
+#define NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_HANDSHAKE_CONFIRMED 0x80u
+/* NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_HANDSHAKE_COMPLETED_HANDLED is set when the
+   library transitions its state to "post handshake". */
+#define NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_HANDSHAKE_COMPLETED_HANDLED 0x0100u
+/* NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_HANDSHAKE_EARLY_RETRANSMIT is set when the early
+   handshake retransmission has done when server receives overlapping
+   Initial crypto data. */
+#define NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_HANDSHAKE_EARLY_RETRANSMIT 0x0200u
+/* NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_CLEAR_FIXED_BIT indicates that the local endpoint
+   sends a QUIC packet without Fixed Bit set if a remote endpoint
+   supports Greasing QUIC Bit extension. */
+#define NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_CLEAR_FIXED_BIT 0x0400u
+/* NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_KEY_UPDATE_NOT_CONFIRMED is set when key update is
+   not confirmed by the local endpoint.  That is, it has not received
+   ACK frame which acknowledges packet which is encrypted with new
+   key. */
+#define NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_KEY_UPDATE_NOT_CONFIRMED 0x0800u
+/* NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_PPE_PENDING is set when
+   NGTCP2_WRITE_STREAM_FLAG_MORE is used and the intermediate state of
+   ngtcp2_ppe is stored in pkt struct of ngtcp2_conn. */
+#define NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_PPE_PENDING 0x1000u
+/* NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_RESTART_IDLE_TIMER_ON_WRITE is set when idle timer
+   should be restarted on next write. */
+#define NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_RESTART_IDLE_TIMER_ON_WRITE 0x2000u
+/* NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_SERVER_ADDR_VERIFIED indicates that server as peer
+   verified client address.  This flag is only used by client. */
+#define NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_SERVER_ADDR_VERIFIED 0x4000u
+/* NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_EARLY_KEY_INSTALLED indicates that an early key is
+   installed.  conn->early.ckm cannot be used for this purpose because
+   it might be discarded when a certain condition is met. */
+#define NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_EARLY_KEY_INSTALLED 0x8000u
+/* NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_KEY_UPDATE_INITIATOR is set when the local
+   endpoint has initiated key update. */
+#define NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_KEY_UPDATE_INITIATOR 0x10000u
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_crypto_data {
+  ngtcp2_buf buf;
+  /* pkt_type is the type of packet to send data in buf.  If it is 0,
+     it must be sent in Short packet.  Otherwise, it is sent the long
+     packet type denoted by pkt_type. */
+  uint8_t pkt_type;
+} ngtcp2_crypto_data;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_pktns {
+  struct {
+    /* last_pkt_num is the packet number which the local endpoint sent
+       last time.*/
+    int64_t last_pkt_num;
+    ngtcp2_frame_chain *frq;
+    /* num_non_ack_pkt is the number of continuous non ACK-eliciting
+       packets. */
+    size_t num_non_ack_pkt;
+
+    struct {
+      /* ect0 is the number of QUIC packets, not UDP datagram, which
+         are sent in UDP datagram with ECT0 marking. */
+      size_t ect0;
+      /* start_pkt_num is the lowest packet number that are sent
+         during ECN validation period. */
+      int64_t start_pkt_num;
+      /* validation_pkt_sent is the number of QUIC packets sent during
+         validation period. */
+      size_t validation_pkt_sent;
+      /* validation_pkt_lost is the number of QUIC packets lost during
+         validation period. */
+      size_t validation_pkt_lost;
+    } ecn;
+  } tx;
+
+  struct {
+    /* pngap tracks received packet number in order to suppress
+       duplicated packet number. */
+    ngtcp2_gaptr pngap;
+    /* max_pkt_num is the largest packet number received so far. */
+    int64_t max_pkt_num;
+    /* max_pkt_ts is the timestamp when max_pkt_num packet is
+       received. */
+    ngtcp2_tstamp max_pkt_ts;
+    /* max_ack_eliciting_pkt_num is the largest ack-eliciting packet
+       number received so far. */
+    int64_t max_ack_eliciting_pkt_num;
+    /*
+     * buffed_pkts is buffered packets which cannot be decrypted with
+     * the current encryption level.
+     *
+     * In server Initial encryption level, 0-RTT packet may be buffered.
+     * In server Handshake encryption level, Short packet may be buffered.
+     *
+     * In client Initial encryption level, Handshake or Short packet may
+     * be buffered.  In client Handshake encryption level, Short packet
+     * may be buffered.
+     *
+     * - 0-RTT packet is only buffered in server Initial encryption
+     *   level ngtcp2_pktns.
+     *
+     * - Handshake packet is only buffered in client Handshake
+     *   encryption level ngtcp2_pktns.
+     *
+     * - Short packet is only buffered in Short encryption level
+     *   ngtcp2_pktns.
+     */
+    ngtcp2_pkt_chain *buffed_pkts;
+
+    struct {
+      /* ect0, ect1, and ce are the number of QUIC packets received
+         with those markings. */
+      size_t ect0;
+      size_t ect1;
+      size_t ce;
+      struct {
+        /* ect0, ect1, ce are the ECN counts received in the latest
+           ACK frame. */
+        uint64_t ect0;
+        uint64_t ect1;
+        uint64_t ce;
+      } ack;
+    } ecn;
+  } rx;
+
+  struct {
+    struct {
+      /* frq contains crypto data sorted by their offset. */
+      ngtcp2_ksl frq;
+      /* offset is the offset of crypto stream in this packet number
+         space. */
+      uint64_t offset;
+      /* ckm is a cryptographic key, and iv to encrypt outgoing
+         packets. */
+      ngtcp2_crypto_km *ckm;
+      /* hp_ctx is cipher context for packet header protection. */
+      ngtcp2_crypto_cipher_ctx hp_ctx;
+      /* data is the submitted crypto data. */
+      ngtcp2_buf_chain *data;
+    } tx;
+
+    struct {
+      /* ckm is a cryptographic key, and iv to decrypt incoming
+         packets. */
+      ngtcp2_crypto_km *ckm;
+      /* hp_ctx is cipher context for packet header protection. */
+      ngtcp2_crypto_cipher_ctx hp_ctx;
+    } rx;
+
+    ngtcp2_strm strm;
+    ngtcp2_crypto_ctx ctx;
+  } crypto;
+
+  ngtcp2_acktr acktr;
+  ngtcp2_rtb rtb;
+} ngtcp2_pktns;
+
+typedef enum ngtcp2_ecn_state {
+  NGTCP2_ECN_STATE_TESTING,
+  NGTCP2_ECN_STATE_UNKNOWN,
+  NGTCP2_ECN_STATE_FAILED,
+  NGTCP2_ECN_STATE_CAPABLE,
+} ngtcp2_ecn_state;
+
+ngtcp2_static_ringbuf_def(dcid_bound, NGTCP2_MAX_BOUND_DCID_POOL_SIZE,
+                          sizeof(ngtcp2_dcid));
+ngtcp2_static_ringbuf_def(dcid_unused, NGTCP2_MAX_DCID_POOL_SIZE,
+                          sizeof(ngtcp2_dcid));
+ngtcp2_static_ringbuf_def(dcid_retired, NGTCP2_MAX_DCID_RETIRED_SIZE,
+                          sizeof(ngtcp2_dcid));
+ngtcp2_static_ringbuf_def(path_challenge, 4,
+                          sizeof(ngtcp2_path_challenge_entry));
+
+ngtcp2_objalloc_def(strm, ngtcp2_strm, oplent);
+
+struct ngtcp2_conn {
+  ngtcp2_objalloc frc_objalloc;
+  ngtcp2_objalloc rtb_entry_objalloc;
+  ngtcp2_objalloc strm_objalloc;
+  ngtcp2_conn_state state;
+  ngtcp2_callbacks callbacks;
+  /* rcid is a connection ID present in Initial or 0-RTT packet from
+     client as destination connection ID.  Server uses this field to
+     check that duplicated Initial or 0-RTT packet are indeed sent to
+     this connection.  Client uses this field to validate
+     original_destination_connection_id transport parameter. */
+  ngtcp2_cid rcid;
+  /* oscid is the source connection ID initially used by the local
+     endpoint. */
+  ngtcp2_cid oscid;
+  /* retry_scid is the source connection ID from Retry packet.  Client
+     records it in order to verify retry_source_connection_id
+     transport parameter.  Server does not use this field. */
+  ngtcp2_cid retry_scid;
+  ngtcp2_pktns *in_pktns;
+  ngtcp2_pktns *hs_pktns;
+  ngtcp2_pktns pktns;
+
+  struct {
+    /* current is the current destination connection ID. */
+    ngtcp2_dcid current;
+    /* bound is a set of destination connection IDs which are bound to
+       particular paths.  These paths are not validated yet. */
+    ngtcp2_static_ringbuf_dcid_bound bound;
+    /* unused is a set of unused CID received from peer. */
+    ngtcp2_static_ringbuf_dcid_unused unused;
+    /* retired is a set of CID retired by local endpoint.  Keep them
+       in 3*PTO to catch packets in flight along the old path. */
+    ngtcp2_static_ringbuf_dcid_retired retired;
+    /* seqgap tracks received sequence numbers in order to ignore
+       retransmitted duplicated NEW_CONNECTION_ID frame. */
+    ngtcp2_gaptr seqgap;
+    /* retire_prior_to is the largest retire_prior_to received so
+       far. */
+    uint64_t retire_prior_to;
+    struct {
+      /* seqs contains sequence number of Connection ID whose
+         retirement is not acknowledged by the remote endpoint yet. */
+      uint64_t seqs[NGTCP2_MAX_DCID_POOL_SIZE * 2];
+      /* len is the number of sequence numbers that seq contains. */
+      size_t len;
+    } retire_unacked;
+    /* zerolen_seq is a pseudo sequence number of zero-length
+       Destination Connection ID in order to distinguish between
+       them. */
+    uint64_t zerolen_seq;
+  } dcid;
+
+  struct {
+    /* set is a set of CID sent to peer.  The peer can use any CIDs in
+       this set.  This includes used CID as well as unused ones. */
+    ngtcp2_ksl set;
+    /* used is a set of CID used by peer.  The sort function of this
+       priority queue takes timestamp when CID is retired and sorts
+       them in ascending order. */
+    ngtcp2_pq used;
+    /* last_seq is the last sequence number of connection ID. */
+    uint64_t last_seq;
+    /* num_retired is the number of retired Connection ID still
+       included in set. */
+    size_t num_retired;
+  } scid;
+
+  struct {
+    /* strmq contains ngtcp2_strm which has frames to send. */
+    ngtcp2_pq strmq;
+    /* strmq_nretrans is the number of entries in strmq which has
+       stream data to resent. */
+    size_t strmq_nretrans;
+    /* ack is ACK frame.  The underlying buffer is reused. */
+    ngtcp2_frame *ack;
+    /* max_ack_ranges is the number of additional ngtcp2_ack_range
+       which ack can contain. */
+    size_t max_ack_ranges;
+    /* offset is the offset the local endpoint has sent to the remote
+       endpoint. */
+    uint64_t offset;
+    /* max_offset is the maximum offset that local endpoint can
+       send. */
+    uint64_t max_offset;
+    /* last_max_data_ts is the timestamp when last MAX_DATA frame is
+       sent. */
+    ngtcp2_tstamp last_max_data_ts;
+
+    struct {
+      /* state is the state of ECN validation */
+      ngtcp2_ecn_state state;
+      /* validation_start_ts is the timestamp when ECN validation is
+         started.  It is UINT64_MAX if it has not started yet. */
+      ngtcp2_tstamp validation_start_ts;
+      /* dgram_sent is the number of UDP datagram sent during ECN
+         validation period. */
+      size_t dgram_sent;
+    } ecn;
+
+    struct {
+      /* pktlen is the number of bytes written before calling
+         ngtcp2_conn_update_pkt_tx_time which resets this field to
+         0. */
+      size_t pktlen;
+      /* next_ts is the time to send next packet.  It is UINT64_MAX if
+         packet pacing is disabled or expired.*/
+      ngtcp2_tstamp next_ts;
+    } pacing;
+  } tx;
+
+  struct {
+    /* unsent_max_offset is the maximum offset that remote endpoint
+       can send without extending MAX_DATA.  This limit is not yet
+       notified to the remote endpoint. */
+    uint64_t unsent_max_offset;
+    /* offset is the cumulative sum of stream data received for this
+       connection. */
+    uint64_t offset;
+    /* max_offset is the maximum offset that remote endpoint can
+       send. */
+    uint64_t max_offset;
+    /* window is the connection-level flow control window size. */
+    uint64_t window;
+    /* path_challenge stores received PATH_CHALLENGE data. */
+    ngtcp2_static_ringbuf_path_challenge path_challenge;
+    /* ccerr is the received connection close error. */
+    ngtcp2_connection_close_error ccerr;
+  } rx;
+
+  struct {
+    ngtcp2_crypto_km *ckm;
+    ngtcp2_crypto_cipher_ctx hp_ctx;
+    ngtcp2_crypto_ctx ctx;
+    /* discard_started_ts is the timestamp when the timer to discard
+       early key has started.  Used by server only. */
+    ngtcp2_tstamp discard_started_ts;
+    /* transport_params is the values remembered by client from the
+       previous session.  These are set by
+       ngtcp2_conn_set_early_remote_transport_params().  Server does
+       not use this field.  Server must not set values for these
+       parameters that are smaller than the remembered values. */
+    struct {
+      uint64_t initial_max_streams_bidi;
+      uint64_t initial_max_streams_uni;
+      uint64_t initial_max_stream_data_bidi_local;
+      uint64_t initial_max_stream_data_bidi_remote;
+      uint64_t initial_max_stream_data_uni;
+      uint64_t initial_max_data;
+      uint64_t active_connection_id_limit;
+      uint64_t max_datagram_frame_size;
+    } transport_params;
+  } early;
+
+  struct {
+    ngtcp2_settings settings;
+    /* transport_params is the local transport parameters.  It is used
+       for Short packet only. */
+    ngtcp2_transport_params transport_params;
+    struct {
+      /* max_streams is the maximum number of bidirectional streams which
+         the local endpoint can open. */
+      uint64_t max_streams;
+      /* next_stream_id is the bidirectional stream ID which the local
+         endpoint opens next. */
+      int64_t next_stream_id;
+    } bidi;
+
+    struct {
+      /* max_streams is the maximum number of unidirectional streams
+         which the local endpoint can open. */
+      uint64_t max_streams;
+      /* next_stream_id is the unidirectional stream ID which the
+         local endpoint opens next. */
+      int64_t next_stream_id;
+    } uni;
+  } local;
+
+  struct {
+    /* transport_params is the received transport parameters during
+       handshake.  It is used for Short packet only. */
+    ngtcp2_transport_params *transport_params;
+    /* pending_transport_params is received transport parameters
+       during handshake.  It is copied to transport_params when 1RTT
+       key is available. */
+    ngtcp2_transport_params *pending_transport_params;
+    struct {
+      ngtcp2_idtr idtr;
+      /* unsent_max_streams is the maximum number of streams of peer
+         initiated bidirectional stream which the local endpoint can
+         accept.  This limit is not yet notified to the remote
+         endpoint. */
+      uint64_t unsent_max_streams;
+      /* max_streams is the maximum number of streams of peer
+         initiated bidirectional stream which the local endpoint can
+         accept. */
+      uint64_t max_streams;
+    } bidi;
+
+    struct {
+      ngtcp2_idtr idtr;
+      /* unsent_max_streams is the maximum number of streams of peer
+         initiated unidirectional stream which the local endpoint can
+         accept.  This limit is not yet notified to the remote
+         endpoint. */
+      uint64_t unsent_max_streams;
+      /* max_streams is the maximum number of streams of peer
+         initiated unidirectional stream which the local endpoint can
+         accept. */
+      uint64_t max_streams;
+    } uni;
+  } remote;
+
+  struct {
+    struct {
+      /* new_tx_ckm is a new sender 1RTT key which has not been
+         used. */
+      ngtcp2_crypto_km *new_tx_ckm;
+      /* new_rx_ckm is a new receiver 1RTT key which has not
+         successfully decrypted incoming packet yet. */
+      ngtcp2_crypto_km *new_rx_ckm;
+      /* old_rx_ckm is an old receiver 1RTT key. */
+      ngtcp2_crypto_km *old_rx_ckm;
+      /* confirmed_ts is the time instant when the key update is
+         confirmed by the local endpoint last time.  UINT64_MAX means
+         undefined value. */
+      ngtcp2_tstamp confirmed_ts;
+    } key_update;
+
+    /* tls_native_handle is a native handle to TLS session object. */
+    void *tls_native_handle;
+    /* decrypt_hp_buf is a buffer which is used to write unprotected
+       packet header. */
+    ngtcp2_vec decrypt_hp_buf;
+    /* decrypt_buf is a buffer which is used to write decrypted data. */
+    ngtcp2_vec decrypt_buf;
+    /* retry_aead is AEAD to verify Retry packet integrity.  It is
+       used by client only. */
+    ngtcp2_crypto_aead retry_aead;
+    /* retry_aead_ctx is AEAD cipher context to verify Retry packet
+       integrity.  It is used by client only. */
+    ngtcp2_crypto_aead_ctx retry_aead_ctx;
+    /* tls_error is TLS related error. */
+    int tls_error;
+    /* tls_alert is TLS alert generated by the local endpoint. */
+    uint8_t tls_alert;
+    /* decryption_failure_count is the number of received packets that
+       fail authentication. */
+    uint64_t decryption_failure_count;
+  } crypto;
+
+  /* pkt contains the packet intermediate construction data to support
+     NGTCP2_WRITE_STREAM_FLAG_MORE */
+  struct {
+    ngtcp2_crypto_cc cc;
+    ngtcp2_pkt_hd hd;
+    ngtcp2_ppe ppe;
+    ngtcp2_frame_chain **pfrc;
+    int pkt_empty;
+    int hd_logged;
+    /* flags is bitwise OR of zero or more of
+       NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_*. */
+    uint16_t rtb_entry_flags;
+    ngtcp2_ssize hs_spktlen;
+    int require_padding;
+  } pkt;
+
+  struct {
+    /* last_ts is a timestamp when a last packet is sent or received
+       on a current path. */
+    ngtcp2_tstamp last_ts;
+    /* timeout is keep-alive timeout.  When it expires, a packet
+       should be sent to a current path to keep connection alive.  It
+       might be used to keep NAT binding intact.  If 0 is set,
+       keep-alive timer is disabled. */
+    ngtcp2_duration timeout;
+  } keep_alive;
+
+  struct {
+    /* Initial keys for negotiated version.  If original version ==
+       negotiated version, these fields are not used. */
+    struct {
+      ngtcp2_crypto_km *ckm;
+      ngtcp2_crypto_cipher_ctx hp_ctx;
+    } rx;
+    struct {
+      ngtcp2_crypto_km *ckm;
+      ngtcp2_crypto_cipher_ctx hp_ctx;
+    } tx;
+    /* version is QUIC version that the above Initial keys are created
+       for. */
+    uint32_t version;
+    /* preferred_versions is the array of versions that are preferred
+       by the local endpoint.  Server negotiates one of those versions
+       in this array if a client initially selects a less preferred
+       version.  Client uses this field and original_version field to
+       prevent version downgrade attack if it reacted upon Version
+       Negotiation packet. */
+    uint32_t *preferred_versions;
+    /* preferred_versionslen is the number of versions stored in the
+       array pointed by preferred_versions.  This field is only used
+       by server. */
+    size_t preferred_versionslen;
+    /* available_versions is the versions that the local endpoint
+       sends in version_information transport parameter.  This is the
+       wire image of available_versions field of version_information
+       transport parameter. */
+    uint8_t *available_versions;
+    /* available_versionslen is the length of data pointed by
+       available_versions field. */
+    size_t available_versionslen;
+  } vneg;
+
+  ngtcp2_map strms;
+  ngtcp2_conn_stat cstat;
+  ngtcp2_pv *pv;
+  ngtcp2_pmtud *pmtud;
+  ngtcp2_log log;
+  ngtcp2_qlog qlog;
+  ngtcp2_rst rst;
+  ngtcp2_cc_algo cc_algo;
+  ngtcp2_cc cc;
+  const ngtcp2_mem *mem;
+  /* idle_ts is the time instant when idle timer started. */
+  ngtcp2_tstamp idle_ts;
+  void *user_data;
+  uint32_t client_chosen_version;
+  uint32_t negotiated_version;
+  /* flags is bitwise OR of zero or more of NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_*. */
+  uint32_t flags;
+  int server;
+};
+
+typedef enum ngtcp2_vmsg_type {
+  NGTCP2_VMSG_TYPE_STREAM,
+  NGTCP2_VMSG_TYPE_DATAGRAM,
+} ngtcp2_vmsg_type;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_vmsg_stream {
+  /* strm is a stream that data is sent to. */
+  ngtcp2_strm *strm;
+  /* flags is bitwise OR of zero or more of
+     NGTCP2_WRITE_STREAM_FLAG_*. */
+  uint32_t flags;
+  /* data is the pointer to ngtcp2_vec array which contains the stream
+     data to send. */
+  const ngtcp2_vec *data;
+  /* datacnt is the number of ngtcp2_vec pointed by data. */
+  size_t datacnt;
+  /* pdatalen is the pointer to the variable which the number of bytes
+     written is assigned to if pdatalen is not NULL. */
+  ngtcp2_ssize *pdatalen;
+} ngtcp2_vmsg_stream;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_vmsg_datagram {
+  /* data is the pointer to ngtcp2_vec array which contains the data
+     to send. */
+  const ngtcp2_vec *data;
+  /* datacnt is the number of ngtcp2_vec pointed by data. */
+  size_t datacnt;
+  /* dgram_id is an opaque identifier chosen by an application. */
+  uint64_t dgram_id;
+  /* flags is bitwise OR of zero or more of
+     NGTCP2_WRITE_DATAGRAM_FLAG_*. */
+  uint32_t flags;
+  /* paccepted is the pointer to the variable which, if it is not
+     NULL, is assigned nonzero if data is written to a packet. */
+  int *paccepted;
+} ngtcp2_vmsg_datagram;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_vmsg {
+  ngtcp2_vmsg_type type;
+  union {
+    ngtcp2_vmsg_stream stream;
+    ngtcp2_vmsg_datagram datagram;
+  };
+} ngtcp2_vmsg;
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_conn_sched_ack stores packet number |pkt_num| and its
+ * reception timestamp |ts| in order to send its ACK.
+ *
+ * It returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following negative error
+ * codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO
+ *     Same packet number has already been added.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_conn_sched_ack(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_acktr *acktr,
+                          int64_t pkt_num, int active_ack, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_conn_find_stream returns a stream whose stream ID is
+ * |stream_id|.  If no such stream is found, it returns NULL.
+ */
+ngtcp2_strm *ngtcp2_conn_find_stream(ngtcp2_conn *conn, int64_t stream_id);
+
+/*
+ * conn_init_stream initializes |strm|.  Its stream ID is |stream_id|.
+ * This function adds |strm| to conn->strms.  |strm| must be allocated
+ * by the caller.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User-callback function failed.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_conn_init_stream(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_strm *strm,
+                            int64_t stream_id, void *stream_user_data);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_conn_close_stream closes stream |strm|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT
+ *     Stream is not found.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User-defined callback function failed.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_conn_close_stream(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_strm *strm);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_conn_close_stream closes stream |strm| if no further
+ * transmission and reception are allowed, and all reordered incoming
+ * data are emitted to the application, and the transmitted data are
+ * acked.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT
+ *     Stream is not found.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User-defined callback function failed.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_conn_close_stream_if_shut_rdwr(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_strm *strm);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_conn_update_rtt updates RTT measurements.  |rtt| is a latest
+ * RTT which is not adjusted by ack delay.  |ack_delay| is unscaled
+ * ack_delay included in ACK frame.  |ack_delay| is actually tainted
+ * (sent by peer), so don't assume that |ack_delay| is always smaller
+ * than, or equals to |rtt|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT
+ *     RTT sample is ignored.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_conn_update_rtt(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_duration rtt,
+                           ngtcp2_duration ack_delay, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+void ngtcp2_conn_set_loss_detection_timer(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_on_loss_detection_timer(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_conn_detect_lost_pkt detects lost packets.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_conn_detect_lost_pkt(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_pktns *pktns,
+                                ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_conn_tx_strmq_top returns the ngtcp2_strm which sits on the
+ * top of queue.  tx_strmq must not be empty.
+ */
+ngtcp2_strm *ngtcp2_conn_tx_strmq_top(ngtcp2_conn *conn);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_conn_tx_strmq_pop pops the ngtcp2_strm from the queue.
+ * tx_strmq must not be empty.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_conn_tx_strmq_pop(ngtcp2_conn *conn);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_conn_tx_strmq_push pushes |strm| into tx_strmq.
+ *
+ *  This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_conn_tx_strmq_push(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_strm *strm);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_conn_internal_expiry returns the minimum expiry time among
+ * all timers in |conn|.
+ */
+ngtcp2_tstamp ngtcp2_conn_internal_expiry(ngtcp2_conn *conn);
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_conn_write_vmsg(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_path *path,
+                                    int pkt_info_version, ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi,
+                                    uint8_t *dest, size_t destlen,
+                                    ngtcp2_vmsg *vmsg, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_conn_write_single_frame_pkt writes a packet which contains
+ * |fr| frame only in the buffer pointed by |dest| whose length if
+ * |destlen|.  |type| is a long packet type to send.  If |type| is 0,
+ * Short packet is used.  |dcid| is used as a destination connection
+ * ID.  |flags| is zero or more of NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_*.  Only
+ * NGTCP2_WRITE_PKT_FLAG_REQUIRE_PADDING is recognized.
+ *
+ * The packet written by this function will not be retransmitted.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes written in |dest| if it
+ * succeeds, or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User-defined callback function failed.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_conn_write_single_frame_pkt(
+    ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi, uint8_t *dest, size_t destlen,
+    uint8_t type, uint8_t flags, const ngtcp2_cid *dcid, ngtcp2_frame *fr,
+    uint16_t rtb_entry_flags, const ngtcp2_path *path, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_conn_commit_local_transport_params commits the local
+ * transport parameters, which is currently set to
+ * conn->local.settings.transport_params.  This function will do some
+ * amends on transport parameters for adjusting default values.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT
+ *     CID in preferred address equals to the original SCID.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_conn_commit_local_transport_params(ngtcp2_conn *conn);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_conn_lost_pkt_expiry returns the earliest expiry time of
+ * lost packet.
+ */
+ngtcp2_tstamp ngtcp2_conn_lost_pkt_expiry(ngtcp2_conn *conn);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_conn_remove_lost_pkt removes the expired lost packet.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_conn_remove_lost_pkt(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_conn_resched_frames reschedules frames linked from |*pfrc|
+ * for retransmission.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_conn_resched_frames(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_pktns *pktns,
+                               ngtcp2_frame_chain **pfrc);
+
+uint64_t ngtcp2_conn_tx_strmq_first_cycle(ngtcp2_conn *conn);
+
+/**
+ * @function
+ *
+ * `ngtcp2_conn_ack_delay_expiry` returns the expiry time point of
+ * delayed protected ACK.  One should call
+ * `ngtcp2_conn_cancel_expired_ack_delay_timer` and
+ * `ngtcp2_conn_write_pkt` (or `ngtcp2_conn_writev_stream`) when it
+ * expires.  It returns UINT64_MAX if there is no expiry.
+ */
+ngtcp2_tstamp ngtcp2_conn_ack_delay_expiry(ngtcp2_conn *conn);
+
+/**
+ * @function
+ *
+ * `ngtcp2_conn_cancel_expired_ack_delay_timer` stops expired ACK
+ * delay timer.  |ts| is the current time.  This function must be
+ * called when `ngtcp2_conn_ack_delay_expiry` <= ts.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_conn_cancel_expired_ack_delay_timer(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                                ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+/**
+ * @function
+ *
+ * `ngtcp2_conn_loss_detection_expiry` returns the expiry time point
+ * of loss detection timer.  One should call
+ * `ngtcp2_conn_on_loss_detection_timer` and `ngtcp2_conn_write_pkt`
+ * (or `ngtcp2_conn_writev_stream`) when it expires.  It returns
+ * UINT64_MAX if loss detection timer is not armed.
+ */
+ngtcp2_tstamp ngtcp2_conn_loss_detection_expiry(ngtcp2_conn *conn);
+
+/**
+ * @function
+ *
+ * `ngtcp2_conn_get_idle_expiry` returns the time when a connection
+ * should be closed if it continues to be idle.  If idle timeout is
+ * disabled, this function returns ``UINT64_MAX``.
+ */
+ngtcp2_tstamp ngtcp2_conn_get_idle_expiry(ngtcp2_conn *conn);
+
+ngtcp2_duration ngtcp2_conn_compute_pto(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_pktns *pktns);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_conn_track_retired_dcid_seq tracks the sequence number |seq|
+ * of unacknowledged retiring Destination Connection ID.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CONNECTION_ID_LIMIT
+ *     The number of unacknowledged retirement exceeds the limit.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_conn_track_retired_dcid_seq(ngtcp2_conn *conn, uint64_t seq);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_conn_untrack_retired_dcid_seq deletes the sequence number
+ * |seq| of unacknowledged retiring Destination Connection ID.  It is
+ * fine if such sequence number is not found.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_conn_untrack_retired_dcid_seq(ngtcp2_conn *conn, uint64_t seq);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_conn_server_negotiate_version negotiates QUIC version.  It
+ * is compatible version negotiation.  It returns the negotiated QUIC
+ * version.  This function must not be called by client.
+ */
+uint32_t
+ngtcp2_conn_server_negotiate_version(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                     const ngtcp2_version_info *version_info);
+
+/**
+ * @function
+ *
+ * `ngtcp2_conn_write_connection_close_pkt` writes a packet which
+ * contains a CONNECTION_CLOSE frame (type 0x1c) in the buffer pointed
+ * by |dest| whose capacity is |datalen|.
+ *
+ * If |path| is not ``NULL``, this function stores the network path
+ * with which the packet should be sent.  Each addr field must point
+ * to the buffer which should be at least ``sizeof(struct
+ * sockaddr_storage)`` bytes long.  The assignment might not be done
+ * if nothing is written to |dest|.
+ *
+ * If |pi| is not ``NULL``, this function stores packet metadata in it
+ * if it succeeds.  The metadata includes ECN markings.
+ *
+ * This function must not be called from inside the callback
+ * functions.
+ *
+ * At the moment, successful call to this function makes connection
+ * close.  We may change this behaviour in the future to allow
+ * graceful shutdown.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes written in |dest| if it
+ * succeeds, or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * :macro:`NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM`
+ *     Out of memory
+ * :macro:`NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF`
+ *     Buffer is too small
+ * :macro:`NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_STATE`
+ *     The current state does not allow sending CONNECTION_CLOSE.
+ * :macro:`NGTCP2_ERR_PKT_NUM_EXHAUSTED`
+ *     Packet number is exhausted, and cannot send any more packet.
+ * :macro:`NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE`
+ *     User callback failed
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_conn_write_connection_close_pkt(
+    ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_path *path, ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi, uint8_t *dest,
+    size_t destlen, uint64_t error_code, const uint8_t *reason,
+    size_t reasonlen, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+/**
+ * @function
+ *
+ * `ngtcp2_conn_write_application_close_pkt` writes a packet which
+ * contains a CONNECTION_CLOSE frame (type 0x1d) in the buffer pointed
+ * by |dest| whose capacity is |datalen|.
+ *
+ * If |path| is not ``NULL``, this function stores the network path
+ * with which the packet should be sent.  Each addr field must point
+ * to the buffer which should be at least ``sizeof(struct
+ * sockaddr_storage)`` bytes long.  The assignment might not be done
+ * if nothing is written to |dest|.
+ *
+ * If |pi| is not ``NULL``, this function stores packet metadata in it
+ * if it succeeds.  The metadata includes ECN markings.
+ *
+ * If handshake has not been confirmed yet, CONNECTION_CLOSE (type
+ * 0x1c) with error code :macro:`NGTCP2_APPLICATION_ERROR` is written
+ * instead.
+ *
+ * This function must not be called from inside the callback
+ * functions.
+ *
+ * At the moment, successful call to this function makes connection
+ * close.  We may change this behaviour in the future to allow
+ * graceful shutdown.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes written in |dest| if it
+ * succeeds, or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * :macro:`NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM`
+ *     Out of memory
+ * :macro:`NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF`
+ *     Buffer is too small
+ * :macro:`NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_STATE`
+ *     The current state does not allow sending CONNECTION_CLOSE.
+ * :macro:`NGTCP2_ERR_PKT_NUM_EXHAUSTED`
+ *     Packet number is exhausted, and cannot send any more packet.
+ * :macro:`NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE`
+ *     User callback failed
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_conn_write_application_close_pkt(
+    ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_path *path, ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi, uint8_t *dest,
+    size_t destlen, uint64_t app_error_code, const uint8_t *reason,
+    size_t reasonlen, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+int ngtcp2_conn_start_pmtud(ngtcp2_conn *conn);
+
+void ngtcp2_conn_stop_pmtud(ngtcp2_conn *conn);
+
+/**
+ * @function
+ *
+ * `ngtcp2_conn_set_remote_transport_params` sets transport parameter
+ * |params| from a remote endpoint to |conn|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * :macro:`NGTCP2_ERR_TRANSPORT_PARAM`
+ *     Failed to validate a remote transport parameters.
+ * :macro:`NGTCP2_ERR_VERSION_NEGOTIATION_FAILURE`
+ *     Version negotiation failure.
+ * :macro:`NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE`
+ *     User callback failed
+ * :macro:`NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM`
+ *     Out of memory.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_conn_set_remote_transport_params(
+    ngtcp2_conn *conn, const ngtcp2_transport_params *params);
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_CONN_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_conv.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_conv.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3367217
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_conv.c
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_conv.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_str.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_pkt.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_net.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_unreachable.h"
+
+const uint8_t *ngtcp2_get_uint64(uint64_t *dest, const uint8_t *p) {
+  uint64_t n;
+  memcpy(&n, p, sizeof(n));
+  *dest = ngtcp2_ntohl64(n);
+  return p + sizeof(n);
+}
+
+const uint8_t *ngtcp2_get_uint48(uint64_t *dest, const uint8_t *p) {
+  uint64_t n = 0;
+  memcpy(((uint8_t *)&n) + 2, p, 6);
+  *dest = ngtcp2_ntohl64(n);
+  return p + 6;
+}
+
+const uint8_t *ngtcp2_get_uint32(uint32_t *dest, const uint8_t *p) {
+  uint32_t n;
+  memcpy(&n, p, sizeof(n));
+  *dest = ngtcp2_ntohl(n);
+  return p + sizeof(n);
+}
+
+const uint8_t *ngtcp2_get_uint24(uint32_t *dest, const uint8_t *p) {
+  uint32_t n = 0;
+  memcpy(((uint8_t *)&n) + 1, p, 3);
+  *dest = ngtcp2_ntohl(n);
+  return p + 3;
+}
+
+const uint8_t *ngtcp2_get_uint16(uint16_t *dest, const uint8_t *p) {
+  uint16_t n;
+  memcpy(&n, p, sizeof(n));
+  *dest = ngtcp2_ntohs(n);
+  return p + sizeof(n);
+}
+
+const uint8_t *ngtcp2_get_uint16be(uint16_t *dest, const uint8_t *p) {
+  memcpy(dest, p, sizeof(*dest));
+  return p + sizeof(*dest);
+}
+
+static uint64_t get_uvarint(size_t *plen, const uint8_t *p) {
+  union {
+    uint8_t n8;
+    uint16_t n16;
+    uint32_t n32;
+    uint64_t n64;
+  } n;
+
+  *plen = (size_t)(1u << (*p >> 6));
+
+  switch (*plen) {
+  case 1:
+    return *p;
+  case 2:
+    memcpy(&n, p, 2);
+    n.n8 &= 0x3f;
+    return ngtcp2_ntohs(n.n16);
+  case 4:
+    memcpy(&n, p, 4);
+    n.n8 &= 0x3f;
+    return ngtcp2_ntohl(n.n32);
+  case 8:
+    memcpy(&n, p, 8);
+    n.n8 &= 0x3f;
+    return ngtcp2_ntohl64(n.n64);
+  default:
+    ngtcp2_unreachable();
+  }
+}
+
+const uint8_t *ngtcp2_get_uvarint(uint64_t *dest, const uint8_t *p) {
+  size_t len;
+
+  *dest = get_uvarint(&len, p);
+
+  return p + len;
+}
+
+const uint8_t *ngtcp2_get_varint(int64_t *dest, const uint8_t *p) {
+  size_t len;
+
+  *dest = (int64_t)get_uvarint(&len, p);
+
+  return p + len;
+}
+
+int64_t ngtcp2_get_pkt_num(const uint8_t *p, size_t pkt_numlen) {
+  uint32_t l;
+  uint16_t s;
+
+  switch (pkt_numlen) {
+  case 1:
+    return *p;
+  case 2:
+    ngtcp2_get_uint16(&s, p);
+    return (int64_t)s;
+  case 3:
+    ngtcp2_get_uint24(&l, p);
+    return (int64_t)l;
+  case 4:
+    ngtcp2_get_uint32(&l, p);
+    return (int64_t)l;
+  default:
+    ngtcp2_unreachable();
+  }
+}
+
+uint8_t *ngtcp2_put_uint64be(uint8_t *p, uint64_t n) {
+  n = ngtcp2_htonl64(n);
+  return ngtcp2_cpymem(p, (const uint8_t *)&n, sizeof(n));
+}
+
+uint8_t *ngtcp2_put_uint48be(uint8_t *p, uint64_t n) {
+  n = ngtcp2_htonl64(n);
+  return ngtcp2_cpymem(p, ((const uint8_t *)&n) + 2, 6);
+}
+
+uint8_t *ngtcp2_put_uint32be(uint8_t *p, uint32_t n) {
+  n = ngtcp2_htonl(n);
+  return ngtcp2_cpymem(p, (const uint8_t *)&n, sizeof(n));
+}
+
+uint8_t *ngtcp2_put_uint24be(uint8_t *p, uint32_t n) {
+  n = ngtcp2_htonl(n);
+  return ngtcp2_cpymem(p, ((const uint8_t *)&n) + 1, 3);
+}
+
+uint8_t *ngtcp2_put_uint16be(uint8_t *p, uint16_t n) {
+  n = ngtcp2_htons(n);
+  return ngtcp2_cpymem(p, (const uint8_t *)&n, sizeof(n));
+}
+
+uint8_t *ngtcp2_put_uint16(uint8_t *p, uint16_t n) {
+  return ngtcp2_cpymem(p, (const uint8_t *)&n, sizeof(n));
+}
+
+uint8_t *ngtcp2_put_uvarint(uint8_t *p, uint64_t n) {
+  uint8_t *rv;
+  if (n < 64) {
+    *p++ = (uint8_t)n;
+    return p;
+  }
+  if (n < 16384) {
+    rv = ngtcp2_put_uint16be(p, (uint16_t)n);
+    *p |= 0x40;
+    return rv;
+  }
+  if (n < 1073741824) {
+    rv = ngtcp2_put_uint32be(p, (uint32_t)n);
+    *p |= 0x80;
+    return rv;
+  }
+  assert(n < 4611686018427387904ULL);
+  rv = ngtcp2_put_uint64be(p, n);
+  *p |= 0xc0;
+  return rv;
+}
+
+uint8_t *ngtcp2_put_uvarint30(uint8_t *p, uint32_t n) {
+  uint8_t *rv;
+
+  assert(n < 1073741824);
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_put_uint32be(p, n);
+  *p |= 0x80;
+
+  return rv;
+}
+
+uint8_t *ngtcp2_put_pkt_num(uint8_t *p, int64_t pkt_num, size_t len) {
+  switch (len) {
+  case 1:
+    *p++ = (uint8_t)pkt_num;
+    return p;
+  case 2:
+    ngtcp2_put_uint16be(p, (uint16_t)pkt_num);
+    return p + 2;
+  case 3:
+    ngtcp2_put_uint24be(p, (uint32_t)pkt_num);
+    return p + 3;
+  case 4:
+    ngtcp2_put_uint32be(p, (uint32_t)pkt_num);
+    return p + 4;
+  default:
+    ngtcp2_unreachable();
+  }
+}
+
+size_t ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(const uint8_t *p) {
+  return (size_t)(1u << (*p >> 6));
+}
+
+size_t ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(uint64_t n) {
+  if (n < 64) {
+    return 1;
+  }
+  if (n < 16384) {
+    return 2;
+  }
+  if (n < 1073741824) {
+    return 4;
+  }
+  assert(n < 4611686018427387904ULL);
+  return 8;
+}
+
+int64_t ngtcp2_nth_server_bidi_id(uint64_t n) {
+  if (n == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if ((NGTCP2_MAX_VARINT >> 2) < n - 1) {
+    return NGTCP2_MAX_SERVER_STREAM_ID_BIDI;
+  }
+
+  return (int64_t)(((n - 1) << 2) | 0x01);
+}
+
+int64_t ngtcp2_nth_client_bidi_id(uint64_t n) {
+  if (n == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if ((NGTCP2_MAX_VARINT >> 2) < n - 1) {
+    return NGTCP2_MAX_CLIENT_STREAM_ID_BIDI;
+  }
+
+  return (int64_t)((n - 1) << 2);
+}
+
+int64_t ngtcp2_nth_server_uni_id(uint64_t n) {
+  if (n == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if ((NGTCP2_MAX_VARINT >> 2) < n - 1) {
+    return NGTCP2_MAX_SERVER_STREAM_ID_UNI;
+  }
+
+  return (int64_t)(((n - 1) << 2) | 0x03);
+}
+
+int64_t ngtcp2_nth_client_uni_id(uint64_t n) {
+  if (n == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if ((NGTCP2_MAX_VARINT >> 2) < n - 1) {
+    return NGTCP2_MAX_CLIENT_STREAM_ID_UNI;
+  }
+
+  return (int64_t)(((n - 1) << 2) | 0x02);
+}
+
+uint64_t ngtcp2_ord_stream_id(int64_t stream_id) {
+  return (uint64_t)(stream_id >> 2) + 1;
+}
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_conv.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_conv.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef089a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_conv.h
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_CONV_H
+#define NGTCP2_CONV_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_get_uint64 reads 8 bytes from |p| as 64 bits unsigned
+ * integer encoded as network byte order, and stores it in the buffer
+ * pointed by |dest| in host byte order.  It returns |p| + 8.
+ */
+const uint8_t *ngtcp2_get_uint64(uint64_t *dest, const uint8_t *p);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_get_uint48 reads 6 bytes from |p| as 48 bits unsigned
+ * integer encoded as network byte order, and stores it in the buffer
+ * pointed by |dest| in host byte order.  It returns |p| + 6.
+ */
+const uint8_t *ngtcp2_get_uint48(uint64_t *dest, const uint8_t *p);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_get_uint32 reads 4 bytes from |p| as 32 bits unsigned
+ * integer encoded as network byte order, and stores it in the buffer
+ * pointed by |dest| in host byte order.  It returns |p| + 4.
+ */
+const uint8_t *ngtcp2_get_uint32(uint32_t *dest, const uint8_t *p);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_get_uint24 reads 3 bytes from |p| as 24 bits unsigned
+ * integer encoded as network byte order, and stores it in the buffer
+ * pointed by |dest| in host byte order.  It returns |p| + 3.
+ */
+const uint8_t *ngtcp2_get_uint24(uint32_t *dest, const uint8_t *p);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_get_uint16 reads 2 bytes from |p| as 16 bits unsigned
+ * integer encoded as network byte order, and stores it in the buffer
+ * pointed by |dest| in host byte order.  It returns |p| + 2.
+ */
+const uint8_t *ngtcp2_get_uint16(uint16_t *dest, const uint8_t *p);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_get_uint16be reads 2 bytes from |p| as 16 bits unsigned
+ * integer encoded as network byte order, and stores it in the buffer
+ * pointed by |dest| as is.  It returns |p| + 2.
+ */
+const uint8_t *ngtcp2_get_uint16be(uint16_t *dest, const uint8_t *p);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_get_uvarint reads variable-length unsigned integer from |p|,
+ * and stores it in the buffer pointed by |dest| in host byte order.
+ * It returns |p| plus the number of bytes read from |p|.
+ */
+const uint8_t *ngtcp2_get_uvarint(uint64_t *dest, const uint8_t *p);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_get_varint reads variable-length unsigned integer from |p|,
+ * and casts it to the signed integer, and stores it in the buffer
+ * pointed by |dest| in host byte order.  No information should be
+ * lost in this cast, because the variable-length integer is 62
+ * bits. It returns |p| plus the number of bytes read from |p|.
+ */
+const uint8_t *ngtcp2_get_varint(int64_t *dest, const uint8_t *p);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_get_pkt_num reads encoded packet number from |p|.  The
+ * packet number is encoed in |pkt_numlen| bytes.
+ */
+int64_t ngtcp2_get_pkt_num(const uint8_t *p, size_t pkt_numlen);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_put_uint64be writes |n| in host byte order in |p| in network
+ * byte order.  It returns the one beyond of the last written
+ * position.
+ */
+uint8_t *ngtcp2_put_uint64be(uint8_t *p, uint64_t n);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_put_uint48be writes |n| in host byte order in |p| in network
+ * byte order.  It writes only least significant 48 bits.  It returns
+ * the one beyond of the last written position.
+ */
+uint8_t *ngtcp2_put_uint48be(uint8_t *p, uint64_t n);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_put_uint32be writes |n| in host byte order in |p| in network
+ * byte order.  It returns the one beyond of the last written
+ * position.
+ */
+uint8_t *ngtcp2_put_uint32be(uint8_t *p, uint32_t n);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_put_uint24be writes |n| in host byte order in |p| in network
+ * byte order.  It writes only least significant 24 bits.  It returns
+ * the one beyond of the last written position.
+ */
+uint8_t *ngtcp2_put_uint24be(uint8_t *p, uint32_t n);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_put_uint16be writes |n| in host byte order in |p| in network
+ * byte order.  It returns the one beyond of the last written
+ * position.
+ */
+uint8_t *ngtcp2_put_uint16be(uint8_t *p, uint16_t n);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_put_uint16 writes |n| as is in |p|.  It returns the one
+ * beyond of the last written position.
+ */
+uint8_t *ngtcp2_put_uint16(uint8_t *p, uint16_t n);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_put_uvarint writes |n| in |p| using variable-length integer
+ * encoding.  It returns the one beyond of the last written position.
+ */
+uint8_t *ngtcp2_put_uvarint(uint8_t *p, uint64_t n);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_put_uvarint30 writes |n| in |p| using variable-length
+ * integer encoding.  |n| must be strictly less than 1073741824.  The
+ * function always encodes |n| in 4 bytes.  It returns the one beyond
+ * of the last written position.
+ */
+uint8_t *ngtcp2_put_uvarint30(uint8_t *p, uint32_t n);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_put_pkt_num encodes |pkt_num| using |len| bytes.  It
+ * returns the one beyond of the last written position.
+ */
+uint8_t *ngtcp2_put_pkt_num(uint8_t *p, int64_t pkt_num, size_t len);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen returns the required number of bytes to read
+ * variable-length integer starting at |p|.
+ */
+size_t ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(const uint8_t *p);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen returns the required number of bytes to
+ * encode |n|.
+ */
+size_t ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(uint64_t n);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_nth_server_bidi_id returns |n|-th server bidirectional
+ * stream ID.  If |n| is 0, it returns 0.  If the |n|-th stream ID is
+ * larger than NGTCP2_MAX_SERVER_STREAM_ID_BIDI, this function returns
+ * NGTCP2_MAX_SERVER_STREAM_ID_BIDI.
+ */
+int64_t ngtcp2_nth_server_bidi_id(uint64_t n);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_nth_client_bidi_id returns |n|-th client bidirectional
+ * stream ID.  If |n| is 0, it returns 0.  If the |n|-th stream ID is
+ * larger than NGTCP2_MAX_CLIENT_STREAM_ID_BIDI, this function returns
+ * NGTCP2_MAX_CLIENT_STREAM_ID_BIDI.
+ */
+int64_t ngtcp2_nth_client_bidi_id(uint64_t n);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_nth_server_uni_id returns |n|-th server unidirectional
+ * stream ID.  If |n| is 0, it returns 0.  If the |n|-th stream ID is
+ * larger than NGTCP2_MAX_SERVER_STREAM_ID_UNI, this function returns
+ * NGTCP2_MAX_SERVER_STREAM_ID_UNI.
+ */
+int64_t ngtcp2_nth_server_uni_id(uint64_t n);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_nth_client_uni_id returns |n|-th client unidirectional
+ * stream ID.  If |n| is 0, it returns 0.  If the |n|-th stream ID is
+ * larger than NGTCP2_MAX_CLIENT_STREAM_ID_UNI, this function returns
+ * NGTCP2_MAX_CLIENT_STREAM_ID_UNI.
+ */
+int64_t ngtcp2_nth_client_uni_id(uint64_t n);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ord_stream_id returns the ordinal number of |stream_id|.
+ */
+uint64_t ngtcp2_ord_stream_id(int64_t stream_id);
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_CONV_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_crypto.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_crypto.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..24210a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_crypto.c
@@ -0,0 +1,895 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_crypto.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_str.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_conv.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_conn.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_net.h"
+
+int ngtcp2_crypto_km_new(ngtcp2_crypto_km **pckm, const uint8_t *secret,
+                         size_t secretlen,
+                         const ngtcp2_crypto_aead_ctx *aead_ctx,
+                         const uint8_t *iv, size_t ivlen,
+                         const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  int rv = ngtcp2_crypto_km_nocopy_new(pckm, secretlen, ivlen, mem);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  if (secretlen) {
+    memcpy((*pckm)->secret.base, secret, secretlen);
+  }
+  if (aead_ctx) {
+    (*pckm)->aead_ctx = *aead_ctx;
+  }
+  memcpy((*pckm)->iv.base, iv, ivlen);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_crypto_km_nocopy_new(ngtcp2_crypto_km **pckm, size_t secretlen,
+                                size_t ivlen, const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  size_t len;
+  uint8_t *p;
+
+  len = sizeof(ngtcp2_crypto_km) + secretlen + ivlen;
+
+  *pckm = ngtcp2_mem_malloc(mem, len);
+  if (*pckm == NULL) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  p = (uint8_t *)(*pckm) + sizeof(ngtcp2_crypto_km);
+  (*pckm)->secret.base = p;
+  (*pckm)->secret.len = secretlen;
+  p += secretlen;
+  (*pckm)->iv.base = p;
+  (*pckm)->iv.len = ivlen;
+  (*pckm)->aead_ctx.native_handle = NULL;
+  (*pckm)->pkt_num = -1;
+  (*pckm)->use_count = 0;
+  (*pckm)->flags = NGTCP2_CRYPTO_KM_FLAG_NONE;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_crypto_km_del(ngtcp2_crypto_km *ckm, const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  if (ckm == NULL) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_mem_free(mem, ckm);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_crypto_create_nonce(uint8_t *dest, const uint8_t *iv, size_t ivlen,
+                                int64_t pkt_num) {
+  size_t i;
+  uint64_t n;
+
+  assert(ivlen >= 8);
+
+  memcpy(dest, iv, ivlen);
+  n = ngtcp2_htonl64((uint64_t)pkt_num);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
+    dest[ivlen - 8 + i] ^= ((uint8_t *)&n)[i];
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * varint_paramlen returns the length of a single transport parameter
+ * which has variable integer in its parameter.
+ */
+static size_t varint_paramlen(ngtcp2_transport_param_id id, uint64_t param) {
+  size_t valuelen = ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(param);
+  return ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(id) + ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(valuelen) + valuelen;
+}
+
+/*
+ * write_varint_param writes parameter |id| of the given |value| in
+ * varint encoding.  It returns p + the number of bytes written.
+ */
+static uint8_t *write_varint_param(uint8_t *p, ngtcp2_transport_param_id id,
+                                   uint64_t value) {
+  p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, id);
+  p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(value));
+  return ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, value);
+}
+
+/*
+ * cid_paramlen returns the length of a single transport parameter
+ * which has |cid| as value.
+ */
+static size_t cid_paramlen(ngtcp2_transport_param_id id,
+                           const ngtcp2_cid *cid) {
+  return ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(id) + ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(cid->datalen) +
+         cid->datalen;
+}
+
+/*
+ * write_cid_param writes parameter |id| of the given |cid|.  It
+ * returns p + the number of bytes written.
+ */
+static uint8_t *write_cid_param(uint8_t *p, ngtcp2_transport_param_id id,
+                                const ngtcp2_cid *cid) {
+  assert(cid->datalen == 0 || cid->datalen >= NGTCP2_MIN_CIDLEN);
+  assert(cid->datalen <= NGTCP2_MAX_CIDLEN);
+
+  p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, id);
+  p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, cid->datalen);
+  if (cid->datalen) {
+    p = ngtcp2_cpymem(p, cid->data, cid->datalen);
+  }
+  return p;
+}
+
+static const uint8_t empty_address[16];
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_encode_transport_params_versioned(
+    uint8_t *dest, size_t destlen, ngtcp2_transport_params_type exttype,
+    int transport_params_version, const ngtcp2_transport_params *params) {
+  uint8_t *p;
+  size_t len = 0;
+  /* For some reason, gcc 7.3.0 requires this initialization. */
+  size_t preferred_addrlen = 0;
+  size_t version_infolen = 0;
+  const ngtcp2_sockaddr_in *sa_in;
+  const ngtcp2_sockaddr_in6 *sa_in6;
+  (void)transport_params_version;
+
+  switch (exttype) {
+  case NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAMS_TYPE_CLIENT_HELLO:
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAMS_TYPE_ENCRYPTED_EXTENSIONS:
+    len +=
+        cid_paramlen(NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_ORIGINAL_DESTINATION_CONNECTION_ID,
+                     &params->original_dcid);
+
+    if (params->stateless_reset_token_present) {
+      len +=
+          ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_STATELESS_RESET_TOKEN) +
+          ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(NGTCP2_STATELESS_RESET_TOKENLEN) +
+          NGTCP2_STATELESS_RESET_TOKENLEN;
+    }
+    if (params->preferred_address_present) {
+      assert(params->preferred_address.cid.datalen >= NGTCP2_MIN_CIDLEN);
+      assert(params->preferred_address.cid.datalen <= NGTCP2_MAX_CIDLEN);
+      preferred_addrlen = 4 /* ipv4Address */ + 2 /* ipv4Port */ +
+                          16 /* ipv6Address */ + 2 /* ipv6Port */
+                          + 1 +
+                          params->preferred_address.cid.datalen /* CID */ +
+                          NGTCP2_STATELESS_RESET_TOKENLEN;
+      len += ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_PREFERRED_ADDRESS) +
+             ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(preferred_addrlen) + preferred_addrlen;
+    }
+    if (params->retry_scid_present) {
+      len += cid_paramlen(NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_RETRY_SOURCE_CONNECTION_ID,
+                          &params->retry_scid);
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+
+  len += cid_paramlen(NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_INITIAL_SOURCE_CONNECTION_ID,
+                      &params->initial_scid);
+
+  if (params->initial_max_stream_data_bidi_local) {
+    len += varint_paramlen(
+        NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_INITIAL_MAX_STREAM_DATA_BIDI_LOCAL,
+        params->initial_max_stream_data_bidi_local);
+  }
+  if (params->initial_max_stream_data_bidi_remote) {
+    len += varint_paramlen(
+        NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_INITIAL_MAX_STREAM_DATA_BIDI_REMOTE,
+        params->initial_max_stream_data_bidi_remote);
+  }
+  if (params->initial_max_stream_data_uni) {
+    len += varint_paramlen(NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_INITIAL_MAX_STREAM_DATA_UNI,
+                           params->initial_max_stream_data_uni);
+  }
+  if (params->initial_max_data) {
+    len += varint_paramlen(NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_INITIAL_MAX_DATA,
+                           params->initial_max_data);
+  }
+  if (params->initial_max_streams_bidi) {
+    len += varint_paramlen(NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_INITIAL_MAX_STREAMS_BIDI,
+                           params->initial_max_streams_bidi);
+  }
+  if (params->initial_max_streams_uni) {
+    len += varint_paramlen(NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_INITIAL_MAX_STREAMS_UNI,
+                           params->initial_max_streams_uni);
+  }
+  if (params->max_udp_payload_size !=
+      NGTCP2_DEFAULT_MAX_RECV_UDP_PAYLOAD_SIZE) {
+    len += varint_paramlen(NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_MAX_UDP_PAYLOAD_SIZE,
+                           params->max_udp_payload_size);
+  }
+  if (params->ack_delay_exponent != NGTCP2_DEFAULT_ACK_DELAY_EXPONENT) {
+    len += varint_paramlen(NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_ACK_DELAY_EXPONENT,
+                           params->ack_delay_exponent);
+  }
+  if (params->disable_active_migration) {
+    len +=
+        ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_DISABLE_ACTIVE_MIGRATION) +
+        ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(0);
+  }
+  if (params->max_ack_delay != NGTCP2_DEFAULT_MAX_ACK_DELAY) {
+    len += varint_paramlen(NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_MAX_ACK_DELAY,
+                           params->max_ack_delay / NGTCP2_MILLISECONDS);
+  }
+  if (params->max_idle_timeout) {
+    len += varint_paramlen(NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_MAX_IDLE_TIMEOUT,
+                           params->max_idle_timeout / NGTCP2_MILLISECONDS);
+  }
+  if (params->active_connection_id_limit &&
+      params->active_connection_id_limit !=
+          NGTCP2_DEFAULT_ACTIVE_CONNECTION_ID_LIMIT) {
+    len += varint_paramlen(NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_ACTIVE_CONNECTION_ID_LIMIT,
+                           params->active_connection_id_limit);
+  }
+  if (params->max_datagram_frame_size) {
+    len += varint_paramlen(NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_MAX_DATAGRAM_FRAME_SIZE,
+                           params->max_datagram_frame_size);
+  }
+  if (params->grease_quic_bit) {
+    len += ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_GREASE_QUIC_BIT) +
+           ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(0);
+  }
+  if (params->version_info_present) {
+    version_infolen =
+        sizeof(uint32_t) + params->version_info.available_versionslen;
+    len += ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_VERSION_INFORMATION) +
+           ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(version_infolen) + version_infolen;
+  }
+
+  if (dest == NULL && destlen == 0) {
+    return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+  }
+
+  if (destlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF;
+  }
+
+  p = dest;
+
+  if (exttype == NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAMS_TYPE_ENCRYPTED_EXTENSIONS) {
+    p = write_cid_param(
+        p, NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_ORIGINAL_DESTINATION_CONNECTION_ID,
+        &params->original_dcid);
+
+    if (params->stateless_reset_token_present) {
+      p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_STATELESS_RESET_TOKEN);
+      p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, sizeof(params->stateless_reset_token));
+      p = ngtcp2_cpymem(p, params->stateless_reset_token,
+                        sizeof(params->stateless_reset_token));
+    }
+    if (params->preferred_address_present) {
+      p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_PREFERRED_ADDRESS);
+      p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, preferred_addrlen);
+
+      if (params->preferred_address.ipv4_present) {
+        sa_in = &params->preferred_address.ipv4;
+        p = ngtcp2_cpymem(p, &sa_in->sin_addr, sizeof(sa_in->sin_addr));
+        p = ngtcp2_put_uint16(p, sa_in->sin_port);
+      } else {
+        p = ngtcp2_cpymem(p, empty_address, sizeof(sa_in->sin_addr));
+        p = ngtcp2_put_uint16(p, 0);
+      }
+
+      if (params->preferred_address.ipv6_present) {
+        sa_in6 = &params->preferred_address.ipv6;
+        p = ngtcp2_cpymem(p, &sa_in6->sin6_addr, sizeof(sa_in6->sin6_addr));
+        p = ngtcp2_put_uint16(p, sa_in6->sin6_port);
+      } else {
+        p = ngtcp2_cpymem(p, empty_address, sizeof(sa_in6->sin6_addr));
+        p = ngtcp2_put_uint16(p, 0);
+      }
+
+      *p++ = (uint8_t)params->preferred_address.cid.datalen;
+      if (params->preferred_address.cid.datalen) {
+        p = ngtcp2_cpymem(p, params->preferred_address.cid.data,
+                          params->preferred_address.cid.datalen);
+      }
+      p = ngtcp2_cpymem(
+          p, params->preferred_address.stateless_reset_token,
+          sizeof(params->preferred_address.stateless_reset_token));
+    }
+    if (params->retry_scid_present) {
+      p = write_cid_param(p, NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_RETRY_SOURCE_CONNECTION_ID,
+                          &params->retry_scid);
+    }
+  }
+
+  p = write_cid_param(p, NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_INITIAL_SOURCE_CONNECTION_ID,
+                      &params->initial_scid);
+
+  if (params->initial_max_stream_data_bidi_local) {
+    p = write_varint_param(
+        p, NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_INITIAL_MAX_STREAM_DATA_BIDI_LOCAL,
+        params->initial_max_stream_data_bidi_local);
+  }
+
+  if (params->initial_max_stream_data_bidi_remote) {
+    p = write_varint_param(
+        p, NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_INITIAL_MAX_STREAM_DATA_BIDI_REMOTE,
+        params->initial_max_stream_data_bidi_remote);
+  }
+
+  if (params->initial_max_stream_data_uni) {
+    p = write_varint_param(p,
+                           NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_INITIAL_MAX_STREAM_DATA_UNI,
+                           params->initial_max_stream_data_uni);
+  }
+
+  if (params->initial_max_data) {
+    p = write_varint_param(p, NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_INITIAL_MAX_DATA,
+                           params->initial_max_data);
+  }
+
+  if (params->initial_max_streams_bidi) {
+    p = write_varint_param(p, NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_INITIAL_MAX_STREAMS_BIDI,
+                           params->initial_max_streams_bidi);
+  }
+
+  if (params->initial_max_streams_uni) {
+    p = write_varint_param(p, NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_INITIAL_MAX_STREAMS_UNI,
+                           params->initial_max_streams_uni);
+  }
+
+  if (params->max_udp_payload_size !=
+      NGTCP2_DEFAULT_MAX_RECV_UDP_PAYLOAD_SIZE) {
+    p = write_varint_param(p, NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_MAX_UDP_PAYLOAD_SIZE,
+                           params->max_udp_payload_size);
+  }
+
+  if (params->ack_delay_exponent != NGTCP2_DEFAULT_ACK_DELAY_EXPONENT) {
+    p = write_varint_param(p, NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_ACK_DELAY_EXPONENT,
+                           params->ack_delay_exponent);
+  }
+
+  if (params->disable_active_migration) {
+    p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_DISABLE_ACTIVE_MIGRATION);
+    p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, 0);
+  }
+
+  if (params->max_ack_delay != NGTCP2_DEFAULT_MAX_ACK_DELAY) {
+    p = write_varint_param(p, NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_MAX_ACK_DELAY,
+                           params->max_ack_delay / NGTCP2_MILLISECONDS);
+  }
+
+  if (params->max_idle_timeout) {
+    p = write_varint_param(p, NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_MAX_IDLE_TIMEOUT,
+                           params->max_idle_timeout / NGTCP2_MILLISECONDS);
+  }
+
+  if (params->active_connection_id_limit &&
+      params->active_connection_id_limit !=
+          NGTCP2_DEFAULT_ACTIVE_CONNECTION_ID_LIMIT) {
+    p = write_varint_param(p, NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_ACTIVE_CONNECTION_ID_LIMIT,
+                           params->active_connection_id_limit);
+  }
+
+  if (params->max_datagram_frame_size) {
+    p = write_varint_param(p, NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_MAX_DATAGRAM_FRAME_SIZE,
+                           params->max_datagram_frame_size);
+  }
+
+  if (params->grease_quic_bit) {
+    p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_GREASE_QUIC_BIT);
+    p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, 0);
+  }
+
+  if (params->version_info_present) {
+    p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_VERSION_INFORMATION);
+    p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, version_infolen);
+    p = ngtcp2_put_uint32be(p, params->version_info.chosen_version);
+    if (params->version_info.available_versionslen) {
+      p = ngtcp2_cpymem(p, params->version_info.available_versions,
+                        params->version_info.available_versionslen);
+    }
+  }
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - dest) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+/*
+ * decode_varint decodes a single varint from the buffer pointed by
+ * |*pp| of length |end - *pp|.  If it decodes an integer
+ * successfully, it stores the integer in |*pdest|, increment |*pp| by
+ * the number of bytes read from |*pp|, and returns 0.  Otherwise it
+ * returns -1.
+ */
+static int decode_varint(uint64_t *pdest, const uint8_t **pp,
+                         const uint8_t *end) {
+  const uint8_t *p = *pp;
+  size_t len;
+
+  if (p == end) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  len = ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+  if ((uint64_t)(end - p) < len) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  *pp = ngtcp2_get_uvarint(pdest, p);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * decode_varint_param decodes length prefixed value from the buffer
+ * pointed by |*pp| of length |end - *pp|.  The length and value are
+ * encoded in varint form.  If it decodes a value successfully, it
+ * stores the value in |*pdest|, increment |*pp| by the number of
+ * bytes read from |*pp|, and returns 0.  Otherwise it returns -1.
+ */
+static int decode_varint_param(uint64_t *pdest, const uint8_t **pp,
+                               const uint8_t *end) {
+  const uint8_t *p = *pp;
+  uint64_t valuelen;
+
+  if (decode_varint(&valuelen, &p, end) != 0) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  if (p == end) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  if ((uint64_t)(end - p) < valuelen) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  if (ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p) != valuelen) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  *pp = ngtcp2_get_uvarint(pdest, p);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * decode_cid_param decodes length prefixed ngtcp2_cid from the buffer
+ * pointed by |*pp| of length |end - *pp|.  The length is encoded in
+ * varint form.  If it decodes a value successfully, it stores the
+ * value in |*pdest|, increment |*pp| by the number of read from
+ * |*pp|, and returns the number of bytes read.  Otherwise it returns
+ * the one of the negative error code:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM
+ *     Could not decode Connection ID.
+ */
+static int decode_cid_param(ngtcp2_cid *pdest, const uint8_t **pp,
+                            const uint8_t *end) {
+  const uint8_t *p = *pp;
+  uint64_t valuelen;
+
+  if (decode_varint(&valuelen, &p, end) != 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+  }
+
+  if ((valuelen != 0 && valuelen < NGTCP2_MIN_CIDLEN) ||
+      valuelen > NGTCP2_MAX_CIDLEN || (size_t)(end - p) < valuelen) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_cid_init(pdest, p, (size_t)valuelen);
+
+  p += valuelen;
+
+  *pp = p;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_decode_transport_params_versioned(
+    int transport_params_version, ngtcp2_transport_params *params,
+    ngtcp2_transport_params_type exttype, const uint8_t *data, size_t datalen) {
+  const uint8_t *p, *end, *lend;
+  size_t len;
+  uint64_t param_type;
+  uint64_t valuelen;
+  int rv;
+  int initial_scid_present = 0;
+  int original_dcid_present = 0;
+  ngtcp2_sockaddr_in *sa_in;
+  ngtcp2_sockaddr_in6 *sa_in6;
+  uint32_t version;
+
+  (void)transport_params_version;
+
+  if (datalen == 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_REQUIRED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+  }
+
+  /* Set default values */
+  memset(params, 0, sizeof(*params));
+  params->initial_max_streams_bidi = 0;
+  params->initial_max_streams_uni = 0;
+  params->initial_max_stream_data_bidi_local = 0;
+  params->initial_max_stream_data_bidi_remote = 0;
+  params->initial_max_stream_data_uni = 0;
+  params->max_udp_payload_size = NGTCP2_DEFAULT_MAX_RECV_UDP_PAYLOAD_SIZE;
+  params->ack_delay_exponent = NGTCP2_DEFAULT_ACK_DELAY_EXPONENT;
+  params->stateless_reset_token_present = 0;
+  params->preferred_address_present = 0;
+  params->disable_active_migration = 0;
+  params->max_ack_delay = NGTCP2_DEFAULT_MAX_ACK_DELAY;
+  params->max_idle_timeout = 0;
+  params->active_connection_id_limit =
+      NGTCP2_DEFAULT_ACTIVE_CONNECTION_ID_LIMIT;
+  params->retry_scid_present = 0;
+  params->max_datagram_frame_size = 0;
+  memset(&params->retry_scid, 0, sizeof(params->retry_scid));
+  memset(&params->initial_scid, 0, sizeof(params->initial_scid));
+  memset(&params->original_dcid, 0, sizeof(params->original_dcid));
+  params->version_info_present = 0;
+
+  p = data;
+  end = data + datalen;
+
+  for (; (size_t)(end - p) >= 2;) {
+    if (decode_varint(&param_type, &p, end) != 0) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+    }
+
+    switch (param_type) {
+    case NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_INITIAL_MAX_STREAM_DATA_BIDI_LOCAL:
+      if (decode_varint_param(&params->initial_max_stream_data_bidi_local, &p,
+                              end) != 0) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_INITIAL_MAX_STREAM_DATA_BIDI_REMOTE:
+      if (decode_varint_param(&params->initial_max_stream_data_bidi_remote, &p,
+                              end) != 0) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_INITIAL_MAX_STREAM_DATA_UNI:
+      if (decode_varint_param(&params->initial_max_stream_data_uni, &p, end) !=
+          0) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_INITIAL_MAX_DATA:
+      if (decode_varint_param(&params->initial_max_data, &p, end) != 0) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_INITIAL_MAX_STREAMS_BIDI:
+      if (decode_varint_param(&params->initial_max_streams_bidi, &p, end) !=
+          0) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+      if (params->initial_max_streams_bidi > NGTCP2_MAX_STREAMS) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_INITIAL_MAX_STREAMS_UNI:
+      if (decode_varint_param(&params->initial_max_streams_uni, &p, end) != 0) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+      if (params->initial_max_streams_uni > NGTCP2_MAX_STREAMS) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_MAX_IDLE_TIMEOUT:
+      if (decode_varint_param(&params->max_idle_timeout, &p, end) != 0) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+      params->max_idle_timeout *= NGTCP2_MILLISECONDS;
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_MAX_UDP_PAYLOAD_SIZE:
+      if (decode_varint_param(&params->max_udp_payload_size, &p, end) != 0) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_STATELESS_RESET_TOKEN:
+      if (exttype != NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAMS_TYPE_ENCRYPTED_EXTENSIONS) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+      if (decode_varint(&valuelen, &p, end) != 0) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+      if ((size_t)valuelen != sizeof(params->stateless_reset_token)) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+      if ((size_t)(end - p) < sizeof(params->stateless_reset_token)) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+
+      p = ngtcp2_get_bytes(params->stateless_reset_token, p,
+                           sizeof(params->stateless_reset_token));
+      params->stateless_reset_token_present = 1;
+
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_ACK_DELAY_EXPONENT:
+      if (decode_varint_param(&params->ack_delay_exponent, &p, end) != 0) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+      if (params->ack_delay_exponent > 20) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_PREFERRED_ADDRESS:
+      if (exttype != NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAMS_TYPE_ENCRYPTED_EXTENSIONS) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+      if (decode_varint(&valuelen, &p, end) != 0) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+      if ((size_t)(end - p) < valuelen) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+      len = 4 /* ipv4Address */ + 2 /* ipv4Port */ + 16 /* ipv6Address */ +
+            2 /* ipv6Port */
+            + 1 /* cid length */ + NGTCP2_STATELESS_RESET_TOKENLEN;
+      if (valuelen < len) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+
+      sa_in = &params->preferred_address.ipv4;
+
+      p = ngtcp2_get_bytes(&sa_in->sin_addr, p, sizeof(sa_in->sin_addr));
+      p = ngtcp2_get_uint16be(&sa_in->sin_port, p);
+
+      if (sa_in->sin_port || memcmp(empty_address, &sa_in->sin_addr,
+                                    sizeof(sa_in->sin_addr)) != 0) {
+        sa_in->sin_family = AF_INET;
+        params->preferred_address.ipv4_present = 1;
+      }
+
+      sa_in6 = &params->preferred_address.ipv6;
+
+      p = ngtcp2_get_bytes(&sa_in6->sin6_addr, p, sizeof(sa_in6->sin6_addr));
+      p = ngtcp2_get_uint16be(&sa_in6->sin6_port, p);
+
+      if (sa_in6->sin6_port || memcmp(empty_address, &sa_in6->sin6_addr,
+                                      sizeof(sa_in6->sin6_addr)) != 0) {
+        sa_in6->sin6_family = AF_INET6;
+        params->preferred_address.ipv6_present = 1;
+      }
+
+      /* cid */
+      params->preferred_address.cid.datalen = *p++;
+      len += params->preferred_address.cid.datalen;
+      if (valuelen != len ||
+          params->preferred_address.cid.datalen > NGTCP2_MAX_CIDLEN ||
+          params->preferred_address.cid.datalen < NGTCP2_MIN_CIDLEN) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+      if (params->preferred_address.cid.datalen) {
+        p = ngtcp2_get_bytes(params->preferred_address.cid.data, p,
+                             params->preferred_address.cid.datalen);
+      }
+
+      /* stateless reset token */
+      p = ngtcp2_get_bytes(
+          params->preferred_address.stateless_reset_token, p,
+          sizeof(params->preferred_address.stateless_reset_token));
+      params->preferred_address_present = 1;
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_DISABLE_ACTIVE_MIGRATION:
+      if (decode_varint(&valuelen, &p, end) != 0) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+      if (valuelen != 0) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+      params->disable_active_migration = 1;
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_ORIGINAL_DESTINATION_CONNECTION_ID:
+      if (exttype != NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAMS_TYPE_ENCRYPTED_EXTENSIONS) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+      rv = decode_cid_param(&params->original_dcid, &p, end);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      original_dcid_present = 1;
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_RETRY_SOURCE_CONNECTION_ID:
+      if (exttype != NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAMS_TYPE_ENCRYPTED_EXTENSIONS) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+      rv = decode_cid_param(&params->retry_scid, &p, end);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      params->retry_scid_present = 1;
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_INITIAL_SOURCE_CONNECTION_ID:
+      rv = decode_cid_param(&params->initial_scid, &p, end);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      initial_scid_present = 1;
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_MAX_ACK_DELAY:
+      if (decode_varint_param(&params->max_ack_delay, &p, end) != 0) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+      if (params->max_ack_delay >= 16384) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+      params->max_ack_delay *= NGTCP2_MILLISECONDS;
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_ACTIVE_CONNECTION_ID_LIMIT:
+      if (decode_varint_param(&params->active_connection_id_limit, &p, end) !=
+          0) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_MAX_DATAGRAM_FRAME_SIZE:
+      if (decode_varint_param(&params->max_datagram_frame_size, &p, end) != 0) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_GREASE_QUIC_BIT:
+      if (decode_varint(&valuelen, &p, end) != 0) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+      if (valuelen != 0) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+      params->grease_quic_bit = 1;
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_VERSION_INFORMATION:
+      if (decode_varint(&valuelen, &p, end) != 0) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+      if ((size_t)(end - p) < valuelen) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+      if (valuelen < sizeof(uint32_t) || (valuelen & 0x3)) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+      p = ngtcp2_get_uint32(&params->version_info.chosen_version, p);
+      if (params->version_info.chosen_version == 0) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+      if (valuelen > sizeof(uint32_t)) {
+        params->version_info.available_versions = (uint8_t *)p;
+        params->version_info.available_versionslen =
+            (size_t)valuelen - sizeof(uint32_t);
+
+        for (lend = p + (valuelen - sizeof(uint32_t)); p != lend;) {
+          p = ngtcp2_get_uint32(&version, p);
+          if (version == 0) {
+            return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      params->version_info_present = 1;
+      break;
+    default:
+      /* Ignore unknown parameter */
+      if (decode_varint(&valuelen, &p, end) != 0) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+      if ((size_t)(end - p) < valuelen) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+      }
+      p += valuelen;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (end - p != 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+  }
+
+  if (!initial_scid_present ||
+      (exttype == NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAMS_TYPE_ENCRYPTED_EXTENSIONS &&
+       !original_dcid_present)) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_REQUIRED_TRANSPORT_PARAM;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int transport_params_copy_new(ngtcp2_transport_params **pdest,
+                                     const ngtcp2_transport_params *src,
+                                     const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  size_t len = sizeof(**pdest);
+  ngtcp2_transport_params *dest;
+  uint8_t *p;
+
+  if (src->version_info_present) {
+    len += src->version_info.available_versionslen;
+  }
+
+  dest = ngtcp2_mem_malloc(mem, len);
+  if (dest == NULL) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  *dest = *src;
+
+  if (src->version_info_present && src->version_info.available_versionslen) {
+    p = (uint8_t *)dest + sizeof(*dest);
+    memcpy(p, src->version_info.available_versions,
+           src->version_info.available_versionslen);
+    dest->version_info.available_versions = p;
+  }
+
+  *pdest = dest;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_decode_transport_params_new(ngtcp2_transport_params **pparams,
+                                       ngtcp2_transport_params_type exttype,
+                                       const uint8_t *data, size_t datalen,
+                                       const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  int rv;
+  ngtcp2_transport_params params;
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_decode_transport_params(&params, exttype, data, datalen);
+  if (rv < 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  if (mem == NULL) {
+    mem = ngtcp2_mem_default();
+  }
+
+  return transport_params_copy_new(pparams, &params, mem);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_transport_params_del(ngtcp2_transport_params *params,
+                                 const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  if (params == NULL) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (mem == NULL) {
+    mem = ngtcp2_mem_default();
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_mem_free(mem, params);
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_transport_params_copy_new(ngtcp2_transport_params **pdest,
+                                     const ngtcp2_transport_params *src,
+                                     const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  if (src == NULL) {
+    *pdest = NULL;
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  return transport_params_copy_new(pdest, src, mem);
+}
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_crypto.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_crypto.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b91ce9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_crypto.h
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_CRYPTO_H
+#define NGTCP2_CRYPTO_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_mem.h"
+
+/* NGTCP2_INITIAL_AEAD_OVERHEAD is an overhead of AEAD used by Initial
+   packets.  Because QUIC uses AEAD_AES_128_GCM, the overhead is 16
+   bytes. */
+#define NGTCP2_INITIAL_AEAD_OVERHEAD 16
+
+/* NGTCP2_MAX_AEAD_OVERHEAD is expected maximum AEAD overhead. */
+#define NGTCP2_MAX_AEAD_OVERHEAD 16
+
+/* ngtcp2_transport_param_id is the registry of QUIC transport
+   parameter ID. */
+typedef enum ngtcp2_transport_param_id {
+  NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_ORIGINAL_DESTINATION_CONNECTION_ID = 0x0000,
+  NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_MAX_IDLE_TIMEOUT = 0x0001,
+  NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_STATELESS_RESET_TOKEN = 0x0002,
+  NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_MAX_UDP_PAYLOAD_SIZE = 0x0003,
+  NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_INITIAL_MAX_DATA = 0x0004,
+  NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_INITIAL_MAX_STREAM_DATA_BIDI_LOCAL = 0x0005,
+  NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_INITIAL_MAX_STREAM_DATA_BIDI_REMOTE = 0x0006,
+  NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_INITIAL_MAX_STREAM_DATA_UNI = 0x0007,
+  NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_INITIAL_MAX_STREAMS_BIDI = 0x0008,
+  NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_INITIAL_MAX_STREAMS_UNI = 0x0009,
+  NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_ACK_DELAY_EXPONENT = 0x000a,
+  NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_MAX_ACK_DELAY = 0x000b,
+  NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_DISABLE_ACTIVE_MIGRATION = 0x000c,
+  NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_PREFERRED_ADDRESS = 0x000d,
+  NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_ACTIVE_CONNECTION_ID_LIMIT = 0x000e,
+  NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_INITIAL_SOURCE_CONNECTION_ID = 0x000f,
+  NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_RETRY_SOURCE_CONNECTION_ID = 0x0010,
+  /* https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9221 */
+  NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_MAX_DATAGRAM_FRAME_SIZE = 0x0020,
+  NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_GREASE_QUIC_BIT = 0x2ab2,
+  /* https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-quic-version-negotiation-14
+   */
+  NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAM_VERSION_INFORMATION = 0x11,
+} ngtcp2_transport_param_id;
+
+/* NGTCP2_CRYPTO_KM_FLAG_NONE indicates that no flag is set. */
+#define NGTCP2_CRYPTO_KM_FLAG_NONE 0x00u
+/* NGTCP2_CRYPTO_KM_FLAG_KEY_PHASE_ONE is set if key phase bit is
+   set. */
+#define NGTCP2_CRYPTO_KM_FLAG_KEY_PHASE_ONE 0x01u
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_crypto_km {
+  ngtcp2_vec secret;
+  ngtcp2_crypto_aead_ctx aead_ctx;
+  ngtcp2_vec iv;
+  /* pkt_num is a packet number of a packet which uses this keying
+     material.  For encryption key, it is the lowest packet number of
+     a packet.  For decryption key, it is the lowest packet number of
+     a packet which can be decrypted with this keying material. */
+  int64_t pkt_num;
+  /* use_count is the number of encryption applied with this key.
+     This field is only used for tx key. */
+  uint64_t use_count;
+  /* flags is the bitwise OR of zero or more of
+     NGTCP2_CRYPTO_KM_FLAG_*. */
+  uint8_t flags;
+} ngtcp2_crypto_km;
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_crypto_km_new creates new ngtcp2_crypto_km object and
+ * assigns its pointer to |*pckm|.  The |secret| of length
+ * |secretlen|, the |key| of length |keylen| and the |iv| of length
+ * |ivlen| are copied to |*pckm|.  If |secretlen| == 0, the function
+ * assumes no secret is given which is acceptable.  The sole reason to
+ * store secret is update keys.  Only 1RTT key can be updated.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_crypto_km_new(ngtcp2_crypto_km **pckm, const uint8_t *secret,
+                         size_t secretlen,
+                         const ngtcp2_crypto_aead_ctx *aead_ctx,
+                         const uint8_t *iv, size_t ivlen,
+                         const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_crypto_km_nocopy_new is similar to ngtcp2_crypto_km_new, but
+ * it does not copy secret, key and IV.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_crypto_km_nocopy_new(ngtcp2_crypto_km **pckm, size_t secretlen,
+                                size_t ivlen, const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+void ngtcp2_crypto_km_del(ngtcp2_crypto_km *ckm, const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_crypto_cc {
+  ngtcp2_crypto_aead aead;
+  ngtcp2_crypto_cipher hp;
+  ngtcp2_crypto_km *ckm;
+  ngtcp2_crypto_cipher_ctx hp_ctx;
+  ngtcp2_encrypt encrypt;
+  ngtcp2_decrypt decrypt;
+  ngtcp2_hp_mask hp_mask;
+} ngtcp2_crypto_cc;
+
+void ngtcp2_crypto_create_nonce(uint8_t *dest, const uint8_t *iv, size_t ivlen,
+                                int64_t pkt_num);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_transport_params_copy_new makes a copy of |src|, and assigns
+ * it to |*pdest|.  If |src| is NULL, NULL is assigned to |*pdest|.
+ *
+ * Caller is responsible to call ngtcp2_transport_params_del to free
+ * the memory assigned to |*pdest|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_transport_params_copy_new(ngtcp2_transport_params **pdest,
+                                     const ngtcp2_transport_params *src,
+                                     const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_CRYPTO_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_err.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_err.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab932bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_err.c
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_err.h"
+
+const char *ngtcp2_strerror(int liberr) {
+  switch (liberr) {
+  case 0:
+    return "NO_ERROR";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT:
+    return "ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF:
+    return "ERR_NOBUF";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO:
+    return "ERR_PROTO";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_STATE:
+    return "ERR_INVALID_STATE";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_ACK_FRAME:
+    return "ERR_ACK_FRAME";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_ID_BLOCKED:
+    return "ERR_STREAM_ID_BLOCKED";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_IN_USE:
+    return "ERR_STREAM_IN_USE";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_DATA_BLOCKED:
+    return "ERR_STREAM_DATA_BLOCKED";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_FLOW_CONTROL:
+    return "ERR_FLOW_CONTROL";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_CONNECTION_ID_LIMIT:
+    return "ERR_CONNECTION_ID_LIMIT";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_LIMIT:
+    return "ERR_STREAM_LIMIT";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_FINAL_SIZE:
+    return "ERR_FINAL_SIZE";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_CRYPTO:
+    return "ERR_CRYPTO";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_PKT_NUM_EXHAUSTED:
+    return "ERR_PKT_NUM_EXHAUSTED";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM:
+    return "ERR_NOMEM";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_REQUIRED_TRANSPORT_PARAM:
+    return "ERR_REQUIRED_TRANSPORT_PARAM";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM:
+    return "ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING:
+    return "ERR_FRAME_ENCODING";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_DECRYPT:
+    return "ERR_DECRYPT";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_SHUT_WR:
+    return "ERR_STREAM_SHUT_WR";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_NOT_FOUND:
+    return "ERR_STREAM_NOT_FOUND";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_STATE:
+    return "ERR_STREAM_STATE";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_RECV_VERSION_NEGOTIATION:
+    return "ERR_RECV_VERSION_NEGOTIATION";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_CLOSING:
+    return "ERR_CLOSING";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_DRAINING:
+    return "ERR_DRAINING";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_TRANSPORT_PARAM:
+    return "ERR_TRANSPORT_PARAM";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_DISCARD_PKT:
+    return "ERR_DISCARD_PKT";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_CONN_ID_BLOCKED:
+    return "ERR_CONN_ID_BLOCKED";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE:
+    return "ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_INTERNAL:
+    return "ERR_INTERNAL";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_CRYPTO_BUFFER_EXCEEDED:
+    return "ERR_CRYPTO_BUFFER_EXCEEDED";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_WRITE_MORE:
+    return "ERR_WRITE_MORE";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_RETRY:
+    return "ERR_RETRY";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_DROP_CONN:
+    return "ERR_DROP_CONN";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_AEAD_LIMIT_REACHED:
+    return "ERR_AEAD_LIMIT_REACHED";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_NO_VIABLE_PATH:
+    return "ERR_NO_VIABLE_PATH";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_VERSION_NEGOTIATION:
+    return "ERR_VERSION_NEGOTIATION";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT:
+    return "ERR_HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_VERSION_NEGOTIATION_FAILURE:
+    return "ERR_VERSION_NEGOTIATION_FAILURE";
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_IDLE_CLOSE:
+    return "ERR_IDLE_CLOSE";
+  default:
+    return "(unknown)";
+  }
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(int liberr) { return liberr < NGTCP2_ERR_FATAL; }
+
+uint64_t ngtcp2_err_infer_quic_transport_error_code(int liberr) {
+  switch (liberr) {
+  case 0:
+    return NGTCP2_NO_ERROR;
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_ACK_FRAME:
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING:
+    return NGTCP2_FRAME_ENCODING_ERROR;
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_FLOW_CONTROL:
+    return NGTCP2_FLOW_CONTROL_ERROR;
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_CONNECTION_ID_LIMIT:
+    return NGTCP2_CONNECTION_ID_LIMIT_ERROR;
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_LIMIT:
+    return NGTCP2_STREAM_LIMIT_ERROR;
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_FINAL_SIZE:
+    return NGTCP2_FINAL_SIZE_ERROR;
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_REQUIRED_TRANSPORT_PARAM:
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_MALFORMED_TRANSPORT_PARAM:
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_TRANSPORT_PARAM:
+    return NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAMETER_ERROR;
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT:
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM:
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE:
+    return NGTCP2_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_STATE:
+    return NGTCP2_STREAM_STATE_ERROR;
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_CRYPTO_BUFFER_EXCEEDED:
+    return NGTCP2_CRYPTO_BUFFER_EXCEEDED;
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_AEAD_LIMIT_REACHED:
+    return NGTCP2_AEAD_LIMIT_REACHED;
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_NO_VIABLE_PATH:
+    return NGTCP2_NO_VIABLE_PATH;
+  case NGTCP2_ERR_VERSION_NEGOTIATION_FAILURE:
+    return NGTCP2_VERSION_NEGOTIATION_ERROR;
+  default:
+    return NGTCP2_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_err.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_err.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9229f54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_err.h
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_ERR_H
+#define NGTCP2_ERR_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_ERR_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_gaptr.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_gaptr.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87c2389
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_gaptr.c
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_gaptr.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+void ngtcp2_gaptr_init(ngtcp2_gaptr *gaptr, const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl_init(&gaptr->gap, ngtcp2_ksl_range_compar, sizeof(ngtcp2_range),
+                  mem);
+
+  gaptr->mem = mem;
+}
+
+static int gaptr_gap_init(ngtcp2_gaptr *gaptr) {
+  ngtcp2_range range = {0, UINT64_MAX};
+  int rv;
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_ksl_insert(&gaptr->gap, NULL, &range, NULL);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_gaptr_free(ngtcp2_gaptr *gaptr) {
+  if (gaptr == NULL) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_ksl_free(&gaptr->gap);
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_gaptr_push(ngtcp2_gaptr *gaptr, uint64_t offset, uint64_t datalen) {
+  int rv;
+  ngtcp2_range k, m, l, r, q = {offset, offset + datalen};
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+
+  if (ngtcp2_ksl_len(&gaptr->gap) == 0) {
+    rv = gaptr_gap_init(gaptr);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+  }
+
+  it = ngtcp2_ksl_lower_bound_compar(&gaptr->gap, &q,
+                                     ngtcp2_ksl_range_exclusive_compar);
+
+  for (; !ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it);) {
+    k = *(ngtcp2_range *)ngtcp2_ksl_it_key(&it);
+    m = ngtcp2_range_intersect(&q, &k);
+    if (!ngtcp2_range_len(&m)) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    if (ngtcp2_range_eq(&k, &m)) {
+      ngtcp2_ksl_remove_hint(&gaptr->gap, &it, &it, &k);
+      continue;
+    }
+    ngtcp2_range_cut(&l, &r, &k, &m);
+    if (ngtcp2_range_len(&l)) {
+      ngtcp2_ksl_update_key(&gaptr->gap, &k, &l);
+
+      if (ngtcp2_range_len(&r)) {
+        rv = ngtcp2_ksl_insert(&gaptr->gap, &it, &r, NULL);
+        if (rv != 0) {
+          return rv;
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (ngtcp2_range_len(&r)) {
+      ngtcp2_ksl_update_key(&gaptr->gap, &k, &r);
+    }
+    ngtcp2_ksl_it_next(&it);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+uint64_t ngtcp2_gaptr_first_gap_offset(ngtcp2_gaptr *gaptr) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+  ngtcp2_range r;
+
+  if (ngtcp2_ksl_len(&gaptr->gap) == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  it = ngtcp2_ksl_begin(&gaptr->gap);
+  r = *(ngtcp2_range *)ngtcp2_ksl_it_key(&it);
+
+  return r.begin;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_range ngtcp2_gaptr_get_first_gap_after(ngtcp2_gaptr *gaptr,
+                                              uint64_t offset) {
+  ngtcp2_range q = {offset, offset + 1};
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+
+  if (ngtcp2_ksl_len(&gaptr->gap) == 0) {
+    ngtcp2_range r = {0, UINT64_MAX};
+    return r;
+  }
+
+  it = ngtcp2_ksl_lower_bound_compar(&gaptr->gap, &q,
+                                     ngtcp2_ksl_range_exclusive_compar);
+
+  assert(!ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it));
+
+  return *(ngtcp2_range *)ngtcp2_ksl_it_key(&it);
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_gaptr_is_pushed(ngtcp2_gaptr *gaptr, uint64_t offset,
+                           uint64_t datalen) {
+  ngtcp2_range q = {offset, offset + datalen};
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+  ngtcp2_range k;
+  ngtcp2_range m;
+
+  if (ngtcp2_ksl_len(&gaptr->gap) == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  it = ngtcp2_ksl_lower_bound_compar(&gaptr->gap, &q,
+                                     ngtcp2_ksl_range_exclusive_compar);
+  k = *(ngtcp2_range *)ngtcp2_ksl_it_key(&it);
+  m = ngtcp2_range_intersect(&q, &k);
+
+  return ngtcp2_range_len(&m) == 0;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_gaptr_drop_first_gap(ngtcp2_gaptr *gaptr) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+  ngtcp2_range r;
+
+  if (ngtcp2_ksl_len(&gaptr->gap) == 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  it = ngtcp2_ksl_begin(&gaptr->gap);
+
+  assert(!ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it));
+
+  r = *(ngtcp2_range *)ngtcp2_ksl_it_key(&it);
+
+  ngtcp2_ksl_remove_hint(&gaptr->gap, NULL, &it, &r);
+}
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_gaptr.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_gaptr.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f100a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_gaptr.h
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_GAPTR_H
+#define NGTCP2_GAPTR_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_mem.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_ksl.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_range.h"
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_gaptr maintains the gap in the range [0, UINT64_MAX).
+ */
+typedef struct ngtcp2_gaptr {
+  /* gap maintains the range of offset which is not received
+     yet. Initially, its range is [0, UINT64_MAX). */
+  ngtcp2_ksl gap;
+  /* mem is custom memory allocator */
+  const ngtcp2_mem *mem;
+} ngtcp2_gaptr;
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_gaptr_init initializes |gaptr|.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_gaptr_init(ngtcp2_gaptr *gaptr, const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_gaptr_free frees resources allocated for |gaptr|.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_gaptr_free(ngtcp2_gaptr *gaptr);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_gaptr_push adds new data of length |datalen| at the stream
+ * offset |offset|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory
+ */
+int ngtcp2_gaptr_push(ngtcp2_gaptr *gaptr, uint64_t offset, uint64_t datalen);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_gaptr_first_gap_offset returns the offset to the first gap.
+ * If there is no gap, it returns UINT64_MAX.
+ */
+uint64_t ngtcp2_gaptr_first_gap_offset(ngtcp2_gaptr *gaptr);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_gaptr_get_first_gap_after returns the first gap which
+ * overlaps or comes after |offset|.
+ */
+ngtcp2_range ngtcp2_gaptr_get_first_gap_after(ngtcp2_gaptr *gaptr,
+                                              uint64_t offset);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_gaptr_is_pushed returns nonzero if range [offset, offset +
+ * datalen) is completely pushed into this object.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_gaptr_is_pushed(ngtcp2_gaptr *gaptr, uint64_t offset,
+                           uint64_t datalen);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_gaptr_drop_first_gap deletes the first gap entirely as if
+ * the range is pushed.  This function assumes that at least one gap
+ * exists.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_gaptr_drop_first_gap(ngtcp2_gaptr *gaptr);
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_GAPTR_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_idtr.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_idtr.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d988022
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_idtr.c
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_idtr.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+
+void ngtcp2_idtr_init(ngtcp2_idtr *idtr, int server, const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  ngtcp2_gaptr_init(&idtr->gap, mem);
+
+  idtr->server = server;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_idtr_free(ngtcp2_idtr *idtr) {
+  if (idtr == NULL) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_gaptr_free(&idtr->gap);
+}
+
+/*
+ * id_from_stream_id translates |stream_id| to id space used by
+ * ngtcp2_idtr.
+ */
+static uint64_t id_from_stream_id(int64_t stream_id) {
+  return (uint64_t)(stream_id >> 2);
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_idtr_open(ngtcp2_idtr *idtr, int64_t stream_id) {
+  uint64_t q;
+
+  assert((idtr->server && (stream_id % 2)) ||
+         (!idtr->server && (stream_id % 2)) == 0);
+
+  q = id_from_stream_id(stream_id);
+
+  if (ngtcp2_gaptr_is_pushed(&idtr->gap, q, 1)) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_IN_USE;
+  }
+
+  return ngtcp2_gaptr_push(&idtr->gap, q, 1);
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_idtr_is_open(ngtcp2_idtr *idtr, int64_t stream_id) {
+  uint64_t q;
+
+  assert((idtr->server && (stream_id % 2)) ||
+         (!idtr->server && (stream_id % 2)) == 0);
+
+  q = id_from_stream_id(stream_id);
+
+  return ngtcp2_gaptr_is_pushed(&idtr->gap, q, 1);
+}
+
+uint64_t ngtcp2_idtr_first_gap(ngtcp2_idtr *idtr) {
+  return ngtcp2_gaptr_first_gap_offset(&idtr->gap);
+}
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_idtr.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_idtr.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..edb8c68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_idtr.h
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_IDTR_H
+#define NGTCP2_IDTR_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_mem.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_gaptr.h"
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_idtr tracks the usage of stream ID.
+ */
+typedef struct ngtcp2_idtr {
+  /* gap maintains the range of ID which is not used yet. Initially,
+     its range is [0, UINT64_MAX). */
+  ngtcp2_gaptr gap;
+  /* server is nonzero if this object records server initiated stream
+     ID. */
+  int server;
+} ngtcp2_idtr;
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_idtr_init initializes |idtr|.
+ *
+ * If this object records server initiated ID (even number), set
+ * |server| to nonzero.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_idtr_init(ngtcp2_idtr *idtr, int server, const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_idtr_free frees resources allocated for |idtr|.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_idtr_free(ngtcp2_idtr *idtr);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_idtr_open claims that |stream_id| is in used.
+ *
+ * It returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following negative error
+ * codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_IN_USE
+ *     ID has already been used.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_idtr_open(ngtcp2_idtr *idtr, int64_t stream_id);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_idtr_open tells whether ID |stream_id| is in used or not.
+ *
+ * It returns nonzero if |stream_id| is used.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_idtr_is_open(ngtcp2_idtr *idtr, int64_t stream_id);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_idtr_first_gap returns the first id of first gap.  If there
+ * is no gap, it returns UINT64_MAX.  The returned id is an id space
+ * used in this object internally, and not stream ID.
+ */
+uint64_t ngtcp2_idtr_first_gap(ngtcp2_idtr *idtr);
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_IDTR_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_ksl.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_ksl.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0bd424c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_ksl.c
@@ -0,0 +1,819 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2018 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_ksl.h"
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_macro.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_mem.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_range.h"
+
+static ngtcp2_ksl_blk null_blk = {{{NULL, NULL, 0, 0, {0}}}};
+
+static size_t ksl_nodelen(size_t keylen) {
+  return (sizeof(ngtcp2_ksl_node) + keylen - sizeof(uint64_t) + 0xfu) &
+         ~(uintptr_t)0xfu;
+}
+
+static size_t ksl_blklen(size_t nodelen) {
+  return sizeof(ngtcp2_ksl_blk) + nodelen * NGTCP2_KSL_MAX_NBLK -
+         sizeof(uint64_t);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ksl_node_set_key sets |key| to |node|.
+ */
+static void ksl_node_set_key(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl, ngtcp2_ksl_node *node,
+                             const void *key) {
+  memcpy(node->key, key, ksl->keylen);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_ksl_init(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl, ngtcp2_ksl_compar compar, size_t keylen,
+                     const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  size_t nodelen = ksl_nodelen(keylen);
+
+  ngtcp2_objalloc_init(&ksl->blkalloc,
+                       ((ksl_blklen(nodelen) + 0xfu) & ~(uintptr_t)0xfu) * 8,
+                       mem);
+
+  ksl->head = NULL;
+  ksl->front = ksl->back = NULL;
+  ksl->compar = compar;
+  ksl->keylen = keylen;
+  ksl->nodelen = nodelen;
+  ksl->n = 0;
+}
+
+static ngtcp2_ksl_blk *ksl_blk_objalloc_new(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl) {
+  return ngtcp2_objalloc_ksl_blk_len_get(&ksl->blkalloc,
+                                         ksl_blklen(ksl->nodelen));
+}
+
+static void ksl_blk_objalloc_del(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl, ngtcp2_ksl_blk *blk) {
+  ngtcp2_objalloc_ksl_blk_release(&ksl->blkalloc, blk);
+}
+
+static int ksl_head_init(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl_blk *head = ksl_blk_objalloc_new(ksl);
+  if (!head) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  head->next = head->prev = NULL;
+  head->n = 0;
+  head->leaf = 1;
+
+  ksl->head = head;
+  ksl->front = ksl->back = head;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+#ifdef NOMEMPOOL
+/*
+ * ksl_free_blk frees |blk| recursively.
+ */
+static void ksl_free_blk(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl, ngtcp2_ksl_blk *blk) {
+  size_t i;
+
+  if (!blk->leaf) {
+    for (i = 0; i < blk->n; ++i) {
+      ksl_free_blk(ksl, ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, blk, i)->blk);
+    }
+  }
+
+  ksl_blk_objalloc_del(ksl, blk);
+}
+#endif /* NOMEMPOOL */
+
+void ngtcp2_ksl_free(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl) {
+  if (!ksl || !ksl->head) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+#ifdef NOMEMPOOL
+  ksl_free_blk(ksl, ksl->head);
+#endif /* NOMEMPOOL */
+
+  ngtcp2_objalloc_free(&ksl->blkalloc);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ksl_split_blk splits |blk| into 2 ngtcp2_ksl_blk objects.  The new
+ * ngtcp2_ksl_blk is always the "right" block.
+ *
+ * It returns the pointer to the ngtcp2_ksl_blk created which is the
+ * located at the right of |blk|, or NULL which indicates out of
+ * memory error.
+ */
+static ngtcp2_ksl_blk *ksl_split_blk(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl, ngtcp2_ksl_blk *blk) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl_blk *rblk;
+
+  rblk = ksl_blk_objalloc_new(ksl);
+  if (rblk == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  rblk->next = blk->next;
+  blk->next = rblk;
+  if (rblk->next) {
+    rblk->next->prev = rblk;
+  } else if (ksl->back == blk) {
+    ksl->back = rblk;
+  }
+  rblk->prev = blk;
+  rblk->leaf = blk->leaf;
+
+  rblk->n = blk->n / 2;
+
+  memcpy(rblk->nodes, blk->nodes + ksl->nodelen * (blk->n - rblk->n),
+         ksl->nodelen * rblk->n);
+
+  blk->n -= rblk->n;
+
+  assert(blk->n >= NGTCP2_KSL_MIN_NBLK);
+  assert(rblk->n >= NGTCP2_KSL_MIN_NBLK);
+
+  return rblk;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ksl_split_node splits a node included in |blk| at the position |i|
+ * into 2 adjacent nodes.  The new node is always inserted at the
+ * position |i+1|.
+ *
+ * It returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following negative error
+ * codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *   Out of memory.
+ */
+static int ksl_split_node(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl, ngtcp2_ksl_blk *blk, size_t i) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl_node *node;
+  ngtcp2_ksl_blk *lblk = ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, blk, i)->blk, *rblk;
+
+  rblk = ksl_split_blk(ksl, lblk);
+  if (rblk == NULL) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  memmove(blk->nodes + (i + 2) * ksl->nodelen,
+          blk->nodes + (i + 1) * ksl->nodelen,
+          ksl->nodelen * (blk->n - (i + 1)));
+
+  node = ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, blk, i + 1);
+  node->blk = rblk;
+  ++blk->n;
+  ksl_node_set_key(ksl, node, ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, rblk, rblk->n - 1)->key);
+
+  node = ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, blk, i);
+  ksl_node_set_key(ksl, node, ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, lblk, lblk->n - 1)->key);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ksl_split_head splits a head (root) block.  It increases the height
+ * of skip list by 1.
+ *
+ * It returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following negative error
+ * codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *   Out of memory.
+ */
+static int ksl_split_head(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl_blk *rblk = NULL, *lblk, *nhead = NULL;
+  ngtcp2_ksl_node *node;
+
+  rblk = ksl_split_blk(ksl, ksl->head);
+  if (rblk == NULL) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  lblk = ksl->head;
+
+  nhead = ksl_blk_objalloc_new(ksl);
+  if (nhead == NULL) {
+    ksl_blk_objalloc_del(ksl, rblk);
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+  }
+  nhead->next = nhead->prev = NULL;
+  nhead->n = 2;
+  nhead->leaf = 0;
+
+  node = ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, nhead, 0);
+  ksl_node_set_key(ksl, node, ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, lblk, lblk->n - 1)->key);
+  node->blk = lblk;
+
+  node = ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, nhead, 1);
+  ksl_node_set_key(ksl, node, ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, rblk, rblk->n - 1)->key);
+  node->blk = rblk;
+
+  ksl->head = nhead;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * insert_node inserts a node whose key is |key| with the associated
+ * |data| at the index of |i|.  This function assumes that the number
+ * of nodes contained by |blk| is strictly less than
+ * NGTCP2_KSL_MAX_NBLK.
+ */
+static void ksl_insert_node(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl, ngtcp2_ksl_blk *blk, size_t i,
+                            const ngtcp2_ksl_key *key, void *data) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl_node *node;
+
+  assert(blk->n < NGTCP2_KSL_MAX_NBLK);
+
+  memmove(blk->nodes + (i + 1) * ksl->nodelen, blk->nodes + i * ksl->nodelen,
+          ksl->nodelen * (blk->n - i));
+
+  node = ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, blk, i);
+  ksl_node_set_key(ksl, node, key);
+  node->data = data;
+
+  ++blk->n;
+}
+
+static size_t ksl_bsearch(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl, ngtcp2_ksl_blk *blk,
+                          const ngtcp2_ksl_key *key, ngtcp2_ksl_compar compar) {
+  size_t i;
+  ngtcp2_ksl_node *node;
+
+  for (i = 0, node = (ngtcp2_ksl_node *)(void *)blk->nodes;
+       i < blk->n && compar((ngtcp2_ksl_key *)node->key, key);
+       ++i, node = (ngtcp2_ksl_node *)(void *)((uint8_t *)node + ksl->nodelen))
+    ;
+
+  return i;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_ksl_insert(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl, ngtcp2_ksl_it *it,
+                      const ngtcp2_ksl_key *key, void *data) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl_blk *blk;
+  ngtcp2_ksl_node *node;
+  size_t i;
+  int rv;
+
+  if (!ksl->head) {
+    rv = ksl_head_init(ksl);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+  }
+
+  blk = ksl->head;
+
+  if (blk->n == NGTCP2_KSL_MAX_NBLK) {
+    rv = ksl_split_head(ksl);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+    blk = ksl->head;
+  }
+
+  for (;;) {
+    i = ksl_bsearch(ksl, blk, key, ksl->compar);
+
+    if (blk->leaf) {
+      if (i < blk->n &&
+          !ksl->compar(key, ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, blk, i)->key)) {
+        if (it) {
+          *it = ngtcp2_ksl_end(ksl);
+        }
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+      }
+      ksl_insert_node(ksl, blk, i, key, data);
+      ++ksl->n;
+      if (it) {
+        ngtcp2_ksl_it_init(it, ksl, blk, i);
+      }
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (i == blk->n) {
+      /* This insertion extends the largest key in this subtree. */
+      for (; !blk->leaf;) {
+        node = ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, blk, blk->n - 1);
+        if (node->blk->n == NGTCP2_KSL_MAX_NBLK) {
+          rv = ksl_split_node(ksl, blk, blk->n - 1);
+          if (rv != 0) {
+            return rv;
+          }
+          node = ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, blk, blk->n - 1);
+        }
+        ksl_node_set_key(ksl, node, key);
+        blk = node->blk;
+      }
+      ksl_insert_node(ksl, blk, blk->n, key, data);
+      ++ksl->n;
+      if (it) {
+        ngtcp2_ksl_it_init(it, ksl, blk, blk->n - 1);
+      }
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    node = ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, blk, i);
+
+    if (node->blk->n == NGTCP2_KSL_MAX_NBLK) {
+      rv = ksl_split_node(ksl, blk, i);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      if (ksl->compar((ngtcp2_ksl_key *)node->key, key)) {
+        node = ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, blk, i + 1);
+        if (ksl->compar((ngtcp2_ksl_key *)node->key, key)) {
+          ksl_node_set_key(ksl, node, key);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    blk = node->blk;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * ksl_remove_node removes the node included in |blk| at the index of
+ * |i|.
+ */
+static void ksl_remove_node(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl, ngtcp2_ksl_blk *blk, size_t i) {
+  memmove(blk->nodes + i * ksl->nodelen, blk->nodes + (i + 1) * ksl->nodelen,
+          ksl->nodelen * (blk->n - (i + 1)));
+
+  --blk->n;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ksl_merge_node merges 2 nodes which are the nodes at the index of
+ * |i| and |i + 1|.
+ *
+ * If |blk| is the direct descendant of head (root) block and the head
+ * block contains just 2 nodes, the merged block becomes head block,
+ * which decreases the height of |ksl| by 1.
+ *
+ * This function returns the pointer to the merged block.
+ */
+static ngtcp2_ksl_blk *ksl_merge_node(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl, ngtcp2_ksl_blk *blk,
+                                      size_t i) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl_blk *lblk, *rblk;
+
+  assert(i + 1 < blk->n);
+
+  lblk = ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, blk, i)->blk;
+  rblk = ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, blk, i + 1)->blk;
+
+  assert(lblk->n + rblk->n < NGTCP2_KSL_MAX_NBLK);
+
+  memcpy(lblk->nodes + ksl->nodelen * lblk->n, rblk->nodes,
+         ksl->nodelen * rblk->n);
+
+  lblk->n += rblk->n;
+  lblk->next = rblk->next;
+  if (lblk->next) {
+    lblk->next->prev = lblk;
+  } else if (ksl->back == rblk) {
+    ksl->back = lblk;
+  }
+
+  ksl_blk_objalloc_del(ksl, rblk);
+
+  if (ksl->head == blk && blk->n == 2) {
+    ksl_blk_objalloc_del(ksl, ksl->head);
+    ksl->head = lblk;
+  } else {
+    ksl_remove_node(ksl, blk, i + 1);
+    ksl_node_set_key(ksl, ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, blk, i),
+                     ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, lblk, lblk->n - 1)->key);
+  }
+
+  return lblk;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ksl_shift_left moves the first nodes in blk->nodes[i]->blk->nodes
+ * to blk->nodes[i - 1]->blk->nodes in a manner that they have the
+ * same amount of nodes as much as possible.
+ */
+static void ksl_shift_left(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl, ngtcp2_ksl_blk *blk, size_t i) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl_node *lnode, *rnode;
+  size_t n;
+
+  assert(i > 0);
+
+  lnode = ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, blk, i - 1);
+  rnode = ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, blk, i);
+
+  assert(lnode->blk->n < NGTCP2_KSL_MAX_NBLK);
+  assert(rnode->blk->n > NGTCP2_KSL_MIN_NBLK);
+
+  n = (lnode->blk->n + rnode->blk->n + 1) / 2 - lnode->blk->n;
+
+  assert(n > 0);
+  assert(lnode->blk->n <= NGTCP2_KSL_MAX_NBLK - n);
+  assert(rnode->blk->n >= NGTCP2_KSL_MIN_NBLK + n);
+
+  memcpy(lnode->blk->nodes + ksl->nodelen * lnode->blk->n, rnode->blk->nodes,
+         ksl->nodelen * n);
+
+  lnode->blk->n += (uint32_t)n;
+  rnode->blk->n -= (uint32_t)n;
+
+  ksl_node_set_key(
+      ksl, lnode, ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, lnode->blk, lnode->blk->n - 1)->key);
+
+  memmove(rnode->blk->nodes, rnode->blk->nodes + ksl->nodelen * n,
+          ksl->nodelen * rnode->blk->n);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ksl_shift_right moves the last nodes in blk->nodes[i]->blk->nodes
+ * to blk->nodes[i + 1]->blk->nodes in a manner that they have the
+ * same amount of nodes as much as possible..
+ */
+static void ksl_shift_right(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl, ngtcp2_ksl_blk *blk, size_t i) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl_node *lnode, *rnode;
+  size_t n;
+
+  assert(i < blk->n - 1);
+
+  lnode = ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, blk, i);
+  rnode = ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, blk, i + 1);
+
+  assert(lnode->blk->n > NGTCP2_KSL_MIN_NBLK);
+  assert(rnode->blk->n < NGTCP2_KSL_MAX_NBLK);
+
+  n = (lnode->blk->n + rnode->blk->n + 1) / 2 - rnode->blk->n;
+
+  assert(n > 0);
+  assert(lnode->blk->n >= NGTCP2_KSL_MIN_NBLK + n);
+  assert(rnode->blk->n <= NGTCP2_KSL_MAX_NBLK - n);
+
+  memmove(rnode->blk->nodes + ksl->nodelen * n, rnode->blk->nodes,
+          ksl->nodelen * rnode->blk->n);
+
+  rnode->blk->n += (uint32_t)n;
+  lnode->blk->n -= (uint32_t)n;
+
+  memcpy(rnode->blk->nodes, lnode->blk->nodes + ksl->nodelen * lnode->blk->n,
+         ksl->nodelen * n);
+
+  ksl_node_set_key(
+      ksl, lnode, ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, lnode->blk, lnode->blk->n - 1)->key);
+}
+
+/*
+ * key_equal returns nonzero if |lhs| and |rhs| are equal using the
+ * function |compar|.
+ */
+static int key_equal(ngtcp2_ksl_compar compar, const ngtcp2_ksl_key *lhs,
+                     const ngtcp2_ksl_key *rhs) {
+  return !compar(lhs, rhs) && !compar(rhs, lhs);
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_ksl_remove_hint(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl, ngtcp2_ksl_it *it,
+                           const ngtcp2_ksl_it *hint,
+                           const ngtcp2_ksl_key *key) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl_blk *blk = hint->blk;
+
+  assert(ksl->head);
+
+  if (blk->n <= NGTCP2_KSL_MIN_NBLK) {
+    return ngtcp2_ksl_remove(ksl, it, key);
+  }
+
+  ksl_remove_node(ksl, blk, hint->i);
+
+  --ksl->n;
+
+  if (it) {
+    if (hint->i == blk->n && blk->next) {
+      ngtcp2_ksl_it_init(it, ksl, blk->next, 0);
+    } else {
+      ngtcp2_ksl_it_init(it, ksl, blk, hint->i);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_ksl_remove(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl, ngtcp2_ksl_it *it,
+                      const ngtcp2_ksl_key *key) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl_blk *blk = ksl->head;
+  ngtcp2_ksl_node *node;
+  size_t i;
+
+  if (!ksl->head) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+
+  if (!blk->leaf && blk->n == 2 &&
+      ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, blk, 0)->blk->n == NGTCP2_KSL_MIN_NBLK &&
+      ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, blk, 1)->blk->n == NGTCP2_KSL_MIN_NBLK) {
+    blk = ksl_merge_node(ksl, ksl->head, 0);
+  }
+
+  for (;;) {
+    i = ksl_bsearch(ksl, blk, key, ksl->compar);
+
+    if (i == blk->n) {
+      if (it) {
+        *it = ngtcp2_ksl_end(ksl);
+      }
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+    }
+
+    if (blk->leaf) {
+      if (ksl->compar(key, ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, blk, i)->key)) {
+        if (it) {
+          *it = ngtcp2_ksl_end(ksl);
+        }
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+      }
+      ksl_remove_node(ksl, blk, i);
+      --ksl->n;
+      if (it) {
+        if (blk->n == i && blk->next) {
+          ngtcp2_ksl_it_init(it, ksl, blk->next, 0);
+        } else {
+          ngtcp2_ksl_it_init(it, ksl, blk, i);
+        }
+      }
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    node = ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, blk, i);
+
+    if (node->blk->n > NGTCP2_KSL_MIN_NBLK) {
+      blk = node->blk;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    assert(node->blk->n == NGTCP2_KSL_MIN_NBLK);
+
+    if (i + 1 < blk->n &&
+        ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, blk, i + 1)->blk->n > NGTCP2_KSL_MIN_NBLK) {
+      ksl_shift_left(ksl, blk, i + 1);
+      blk = node->blk;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (i > 0 &&
+        ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, blk, i - 1)->blk->n > NGTCP2_KSL_MIN_NBLK) {
+      ksl_shift_right(ksl, blk, i - 1);
+      blk = node->blk;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (i + 1 < blk->n) {
+      blk = ksl_merge_node(ksl, blk, i);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    assert(i > 0);
+
+    blk = ksl_merge_node(ksl, blk, i - 1);
+  }
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ksl_it ngtcp2_ksl_lower_bound(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl,
+                                     const ngtcp2_ksl_key *key) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl_blk *blk = ksl->head;
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+  size_t i;
+
+  if (!blk) {
+    ngtcp2_ksl_it_init(&it, ksl, &null_blk, 0);
+    return it;
+  }
+
+  for (;;) {
+    i = ksl_bsearch(ksl, blk, key, ksl->compar);
+
+    if (blk->leaf) {
+      if (i == blk->n && blk->next) {
+        blk = blk->next;
+        i = 0;
+      }
+      ngtcp2_ksl_it_init(&it, ksl, blk, i);
+      return it;
+    }
+
+    if (i == blk->n) {
+      /* This happens if descendant has smaller key.  Fast forward to
+         find last node in this subtree. */
+      for (; !blk->leaf; blk = ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, blk, blk->n - 1)->blk)
+        ;
+      if (blk->next) {
+        blk = blk->next;
+        i = 0;
+      } else {
+        i = blk->n;
+      }
+      ngtcp2_ksl_it_init(&it, ksl, blk, i);
+      return it;
+    }
+    blk = ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, blk, i)->blk;
+  }
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ksl_it ngtcp2_ksl_lower_bound_compar(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl,
+                                            const ngtcp2_ksl_key *key,
+                                            ngtcp2_ksl_compar compar) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl_blk *blk = ksl->head;
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+  size_t i;
+
+  if (!blk) {
+    ngtcp2_ksl_it_init(&it, ksl, &null_blk, 0);
+    return it;
+  }
+
+  for (;;) {
+    i = ksl_bsearch(ksl, blk, key, compar);
+
+    if (blk->leaf) {
+      if (i == blk->n && blk->next) {
+        blk = blk->next;
+        i = 0;
+      }
+      ngtcp2_ksl_it_init(&it, ksl, blk, i);
+      return it;
+    }
+
+    if (i == blk->n) {
+      /* This happens if descendant has smaller key.  Fast forward to
+         find last node in this subtree. */
+      for (; !blk->leaf; blk = ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, blk, blk->n - 1)->blk)
+        ;
+      if (blk->next) {
+        blk = blk->next;
+        i = 0;
+      } else {
+        i = blk->n;
+      }
+      ngtcp2_ksl_it_init(&it, ksl, blk, i);
+      return it;
+    }
+    blk = ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, blk, i)->blk;
+  }
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_ksl_update_key(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl, const ngtcp2_ksl_key *old_key,
+                           const ngtcp2_ksl_key *new_key) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl_blk *blk = ksl->head;
+  ngtcp2_ksl_node *node;
+  size_t i;
+
+  assert(ksl->head);
+
+  for (;;) {
+    i = ksl_bsearch(ksl, blk, old_key, ksl->compar);
+
+    assert(i < blk->n);
+    node = ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, blk, i);
+
+    if (blk->leaf) {
+      assert(key_equal(ksl->compar, (ngtcp2_ksl_key *)node->key, old_key));
+      ksl_node_set_key(ksl, node, new_key);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (key_equal(ksl->compar, (ngtcp2_ksl_key *)node->key, old_key) ||
+        ksl->compar((ngtcp2_ksl_key *)node->key, new_key)) {
+      ksl_node_set_key(ksl, node, new_key);
+    }
+
+    blk = node->blk;
+  }
+}
+
+static void ksl_print(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl, ngtcp2_ksl_blk *blk, size_t level) {
+  size_t i;
+  ngtcp2_ksl_node *node;
+
+  fprintf(stderr, "LV=%zu n=%u\n", level, blk->n);
+
+  if (blk->leaf) {
+    for (i = 0; i < blk->n; ++i) {
+      node = ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, blk, i);
+      fprintf(stderr, " %" PRId64, *(int64_t *)(void *)node->key);
+    }
+    fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < blk->n; ++i) {
+    ksl_print(ksl, ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(ksl, blk, i)->blk, level + 1);
+  }
+}
+
+size_t ngtcp2_ksl_len(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl) { return ksl->n; }
+
+void ngtcp2_ksl_clear(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl) {
+  if (!ksl->head) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+#ifdef NOMEMPOOL
+  ksl_free_blk(ksl, ksl->head);
+#endif /* NOMEMPOOL */
+
+  ksl->front = ksl->back = ksl->head = NULL;
+  ksl->n = 0;
+
+  ngtcp2_objalloc_clear(&ksl->blkalloc);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_ksl_print(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl) {
+  if (!ksl->head) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ksl_print(ksl, ksl->head, 0);
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ksl_it ngtcp2_ksl_begin(const ngtcp2_ksl *ksl) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+
+  if (ksl->head) {
+    ngtcp2_ksl_it_init(&it, ksl, ksl->front, 0);
+  } else {
+    ngtcp2_ksl_it_init(&it, ksl, &null_blk, 0);
+  }
+
+  return it;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ksl_it ngtcp2_ksl_end(const ngtcp2_ksl *ksl) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+
+  if (ksl->head) {
+    ngtcp2_ksl_it_init(&it, ksl, ksl->back, ksl->back->n);
+  } else {
+    ngtcp2_ksl_it_init(&it, ksl, &null_blk, 0);
+  }
+
+  return it;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_ksl_it_init(ngtcp2_ksl_it *it, const ngtcp2_ksl *ksl,
+                        ngtcp2_ksl_blk *blk, size_t i) {
+  it->ksl = ksl;
+  it->blk = blk;
+  it->i = i;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_ksl_it_prev(ngtcp2_ksl_it *it) {
+  assert(!ngtcp2_ksl_it_begin(it));
+
+  if (it->i == 0) {
+    it->blk = it->blk->prev;
+    it->i = it->blk->n - 1;
+  } else {
+    --it->i;
+  }
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_ksl_it_begin(const ngtcp2_ksl_it *it) {
+  return it->i == 0 && it->blk->prev == NULL;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_ksl_range_compar(const ngtcp2_ksl_key *lhs,
+                            const ngtcp2_ksl_key *rhs) {
+  const ngtcp2_range *a = lhs, *b = rhs;
+  return a->begin < b->begin;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_ksl_range_exclusive_compar(const ngtcp2_ksl_key *lhs,
+                                      const ngtcp2_ksl_key *rhs) {
+  const ngtcp2_range *a = lhs, *b = rhs;
+  return a->begin < b->begin &&
+         !(ngtcp2_max(a->begin, b->begin) < ngtcp2_min(a->end, b->end));
+}
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_ksl.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_ksl.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..312a151
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_ksl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2018 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_KSL_H
+#define NGTCP2_KSL_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_objalloc.h"
+
+/*
+ * Skip List using single key instead of range.
+ */
+
+#define NGTCP2_KSL_DEGR 16
+/* NGTCP2_KSL_MAX_NBLK is the maximum number of nodes which a single
+   block can contain. */
+#define NGTCP2_KSL_MAX_NBLK (2 * NGTCP2_KSL_DEGR - 1)
+/* NGTCP2_KSL_MIN_NBLK is the minimum number of nodes which a single
+   block other than root must contains. */
+#define NGTCP2_KSL_MIN_NBLK (NGTCP2_KSL_DEGR - 1)
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ksl_key represents key in ngtcp2_ksl.
+ */
+typedef void ngtcp2_ksl_key;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_ksl_node ngtcp2_ksl_node;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_ksl_blk ngtcp2_ksl_blk;
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ksl_node is a node which contains either ngtcp2_ksl_blk or
+ * opaque data.  If a node is an internal node, it contains
+ * ngtcp2_ksl_blk.  Otherwise, it has data.  The key is stored at the
+ * location starting at key.
+ */
+struct ngtcp2_ksl_node {
+  union {
+    ngtcp2_ksl_blk *blk;
+    void *data;
+  };
+  union {
+    uint64_t align;
+    /* key is a buffer to include key associated to this node.
+       Because the length of key is unknown until ngtcp2_ksl_init is
+       called, the actual buffer will be allocated after this
+       field. */
+    uint8_t key[1];
+  };
+};
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ksl_blk contains ngtcp2_ksl_node objects.
+ */
+struct ngtcp2_ksl_blk {
+  union {
+    struct {
+      /* next points to the next block if leaf field is nonzero. */
+      ngtcp2_ksl_blk *next;
+      /* prev points to the previous block if leaf field is nonzero. */
+      ngtcp2_ksl_blk *prev;
+      /* n is the number of nodes this object contains in nodes. */
+      uint32_t n;
+      /* leaf is nonzero if this block contains leaf nodes. */
+      uint32_t leaf;
+      union {
+        uint64_t align;
+        /* nodes is a buffer to contain NGTCP2_KSL_MAX_NBLK
+           ngtcp2_ksl_node objects.  Because ngtcp2_ksl_node object is
+           allocated along with the additional variable length key
+           storage, the size of buffer is unknown until ngtcp2_ksl_init is
+           called. */
+        uint8_t nodes[1];
+      };
+    };
+
+    ngtcp2_opl_entry oplent;
+  };
+};
+
+ngtcp2_objalloc_def(ksl_blk, ngtcp2_ksl_blk, oplent);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ksl_compar is a function type which returns nonzero if key
+ * |lhs| should be placed before |rhs|.  It returns 0 otherwise.
+ */
+typedef int (*ngtcp2_ksl_compar)(const ngtcp2_ksl_key *lhs,
+                                 const ngtcp2_ksl_key *rhs);
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_ksl ngtcp2_ksl;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_ksl_it ngtcp2_ksl_it;
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ksl_it is a forward iterator to iterate nodes.
+ */
+struct ngtcp2_ksl_it {
+  const ngtcp2_ksl *ksl;
+  ngtcp2_ksl_blk *blk;
+  size_t i;
+};
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ksl is a deterministic paged skip list.
+ */
+struct ngtcp2_ksl {
+  ngtcp2_objalloc blkalloc;
+  /* head points to the root block. */
+  ngtcp2_ksl_blk *head;
+  /* front points to the first leaf block. */
+  ngtcp2_ksl_blk *front;
+  /* back points to the last leaf block. */
+  ngtcp2_ksl_blk *back;
+  ngtcp2_ksl_compar compar;
+  size_t n;
+  /* keylen is the size of key */
+  size_t keylen;
+  /* nodelen is the actual size of ngtcp2_ksl_node including key
+     storage. */
+  size_t nodelen;
+};
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ksl_init initializes |ksl|.  |compar| specifies compare
+ * function.  |keylen| is the length of key.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_ksl_init(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl, ngtcp2_ksl_compar compar, size_t keylen,
+                     const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ksl_free frees resources allocated for |ksl|.  If |ksl| is
+ * NULL, this function does nothing.  It does not free the memory
+ * region pointed by |ksl| itself.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_ksl_free(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ksl_insert inserts |key| with its associated |data|.  On
+ * successful insertion, the iterator points to the inserted node is
+ * stored in |*it|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *   Out of memory.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT
+ *   |key| already exists.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_ksl_insert(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl, ngtcp2_ksl_it *it,
+                      const ngtcp2_ksl_key *key, void *data);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ksl_remove removes the |key| from |ksl|.
+ *
+ * This function assigns the iterator to |*it|, which points to the
+ * node which is located at the right next of the removed node if |it|
+ * is not NULL.  If |key| is not found, no deletion takes place and
+ * the return value of ngtcp2_ksl_end(ksl) is assigned to |*it|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT
+ *   |key| does not exist.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_ksl_remove(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl, ngtcp2_ksl_it *it,
+                      const ngtcp2_ksl_key *key);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ksl_remove_hint removes the |key| from |ksl|.  |hint| must
+ * point to the same node denoted by |key|.  |hint| is used to remove
+ * a node efficiently in some cases.  Other than that, it behaves
+ * exactly like ngtcp2_ksl_remove.  |it| and |hint| can point to the
+ * same object.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_ksl_remove_hint(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl, ngtcp2_ksl_it *it,
+                           const ngtcp2_ksl_it *hint,
+                           const ngtcp2_ksl_key *key);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ksl_lower_bound returns the iterator which points to the
+ * first node which has the key which is equal to |key| or the last
+ * node which satisfies !compar(&node->key, key).  If there is no such
+ * node, it returns the iterator which satisfies ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(it)
+ * != 0.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ksl_it ngtcp2_ksl_lower_bound(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl,
+                                     const ngtcp2_ksl_key *key);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ksl_lower_bound_compar works like ngtcp2_ksl_lower_bound,
+ * but it takes custom function |compar| to do lower bound search.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ksl_it ngtcp2_ksl_lower_bound_compar(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl,
+                                            const ngtcp2_ksl_key *key,
+                                            ngtcp2_ksl_compar compar);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ksl_update_key replaces the key of nodes which has |old_key|
+ * with |new_key|.  |new_key| must be strictly greater than the
+ * previous node and strictly smaller than the next node.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_ksl_update_key(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl, const ngtcp2_ksl_key *old_key,
+                           const ngtcp2_ksl_key *new_key);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ksl_begin returns the iterator which points to the first
+ * node.  If there is no node in |ksl|, it returns the iterator which
+ * satisfies ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(it) != 0.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ksl_it ngtcp2_ksl_begin(const ngtcp2_ksl *ksl);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ksl_end returns the iterator which points to the node
+ * following the last node.  The returned object satisfies
+ * ngtcp2_ksl_it_end().  If there is no node in |ksl|, it returns the
+ * iterator which satisfies ngtcp2_ksl_it_begin(it) != 0.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ksl_it ngtcp2_ksl_end(const ngtcp2_ksl *ksl);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ksl_len returns the number of elements stored in |ksl|.
+ */
+size_t ngtcp2_ksl_len(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ksl_clear removes all elements stored in |ksl|.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_ksl_clear(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node returns the |n|th node under |blk|.
+ */
+#define ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node(KSL, BLK, N)                                       \
+  ((ngtcp2_ksl_node *)(void *)((BLK)->nodes + (KSL)->nodelen * (N)))
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ksl_print prints its internal state in stderr.  It assumes
+ * that the key is of type int64_t.  This function should be used for
+ * the debugging purpose only.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_ksl_print(ngtcp2_ksl *ksl);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ksl_it_init initializes |it|.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_ksl_it_init(ngtcp2_ksl_it *it, const ngtcp2_ksl *ksl,
+                        ngtcp2_ksl_blk *blk, size_t i);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ksl_it_get returns the data associated to the node which
+ * |it| points to.  It is undefined to call this function when
+ * ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(it) returns nonzero.
+ */
+#define ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(IT)                                                  \
+  ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node((IT)->ksl, (IT)->blk, (IT)->i)->data
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ksl_it_next advances the iterator by one.  It is undefined
+ * if this function is called when ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(it) returns
+ * nonzero.
+ */
+#define ngtcp2_ksl_it_next(IT)                                                 \
+  (++(IT)->i == (IT)->blk->n && (IT)->blk->next                                \
+       ? ((IT)->blk = (IT)->blk->next, (IT)->i = 0)                            \
+       : 0)
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ksl_it_prev moves backward the iterator by one.  It is
+ * undefined if this function is called when ngtcp2_ksl_it_begin(it)
+ * returns nonzero.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_ksl_it_prev(ngtcp2_ksl_it *it);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ksl_it_end returns nonzero if |it| points to the beyond the
+ * last node.
+ */
+#define ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(IT)                                                  \
+  ((IT)->blk->n == (IT)->i && (IT)->blk->next == NULL)
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ksl_it_begin returns nonzero if |it| points to the first
+ * node.  |it| might satisfy both ngtcp2_ksl_it_begin(&it) and
+ * ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it) if the skip list has no node.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_ksl_it_begin(const ngtcp2_ksl_it *it);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ksl_key returns the key of the node which |it| points to.
+ * It is undefined to call this function when ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(it)
+ * returns nonzero.
+ */
+#define ngtcp2_ksl_it_key(IT)                                                  \
+  ((ngtcp2_ksl_key *)ngtcp2_ksl_nth_node((IT)->ksl, (IT)->blk, (IT)->i)->key)
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ksl_range_compar is an implementation of ngtcp2_ksl_compar.
+ * lhs->ptr and rhs->ptr must point to ngtcp2_range object and the
+ * function returns nonzero if (const ngtcp2_range *)(lhs->ptr)->begin
+ * < (const ngtcp2_range *)(rhs->ptr)->begin.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_ksl_range_compar(const ngtcp2_ksl_key *lhs,
+                            const ngtcp2_ksl_key *rhs);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ksl_range_exclusive_compar is an implementation of
+ * ngtcp2_ksl_compar.  lhs->ptr and rhs->ptr must point to
+ * ngtcp2_range object and the function returns nonzero if (const
+ * ngtcp2_range *)(lhs->ptr)->begin < (const ngtcp2_range
+ * *)(rhs->ptr)->begin and the 2 ranges do not intersect.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_ksl_range_exclusive_compar(const ngtcp2_ksl_key *lhs,
+                                      const ngtcp2_ksl_key *rhs);
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_KSL_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_log.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_log.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..790adeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_log.c
@@ -0,0 +1,822 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2018 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_log.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
+#  include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_str.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_vec.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_macro.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_conv.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_unreachable.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_net.h"
+
+void ngtcp2_log_init(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_cid *scid,
+                     ngtcp2_printf log_printf, ngtcp2_tstamp ts,
+                     void *user_data) {
+  if (scid) {
+    ngtcp2_encode_hex(log->scid, scid->data, scid->datalen);
+  } else {
+    log->scid[0] = '\0';
+  }
+  log->log_printf = log_printf;
+  log->ts = log->last_ts = ts;
+  log->user_data = user_data;
+}
+
+/*
+ * # Log header
+ *
+ * <LEVEL><TIMESTAMP> <SCID> <EVENT>
+ *
+ * <LEVEL>:
+ *   Log level.  I=Info, W=Warning, E=Error
+ *
+ * <TIMESTAMP>:
+ *   Timestamp relative to ngtcp2_log.ts field in milliseconds
+ *   resolution.
+ *
+ * <SCID>:
+ *   Source Connection ID in hex string.
+ *
+ * <EVENT>:
+ *   Event.  pkt=packet, frm=frame, rcv=recovery, cry=crypto,
+ *   con=connection(catch all)
+ *
+ * # Frame event
+ *
+ * <DIR> <PKN> <PKTNAME> <FRAMENAME>(<FRAMETYPE>)
+ *
+ * <DIR>:
+ *   Flow direction.  tx=transmission, rx=reception
+ *
+ * <PKN>:
+ *   Packet number.
+ *
+ * <PKTNAME>:
+ *   Packet name.  (e.g., Initial, Handshake, 1RTT)
+ *
+ * <FRAMENAME>:
+ *   Frame name.  (e.g., STREAM, ACK, PING)
+ *
+ * <FRAMETYPE>:
+ *   Frame type in hex string.
+ */
+
+#define NGTCP2_LOG_BUFLEN 4096
+
+/* TODO Split second and remaining fraction with comma */
+#define NGTCP2_LOG_HD "I%08" PRIu64 " 0x%s %s"
+#define NGTCP2_LOG_PKT NGTCP2_LOG_HD " %s %" PRId64 " %s"
+#define NGTCP2_LOG_TP NGTCP2_LOG_HD " remote transport_parameters"
+
+#define NGTCP2_LOG_FRM_HD_FIELDS(DIR)                                          \
+  timestamp_cast(log->last_ts - log->ts), (const char *)log->scid, "frm",      \
+      (DIR), hd->pkt_num, strpkttype(hd)
+
+#define NGTCP2_LOG_PKT_HD_FIELDS(DIR)                                          \
+  timestamp_cast(log->last_ts - log->ts), (const char *)log->scid, "pkt",      \
+      (DIR), hd->pkt_num, strpkttype(hd)
+
+#define NGTCP2_LOG_TP_HD_FIELDS                                                \
+  timestamp_cast(log->last_ts - log->ts), (const char *)log->scid, "cry"
+
+static const char *strerrorcode(uint64_t error_code) {
+  switch (error_code) {
+  case NGTCP2_NO_ERROR:
+    return "NO_ERROR";
+  case NGTCP2_INTERNAL_ERROR:
+    return "INTERNAL_ERROR";
+  case NGTCP2_CONNECTION_REFUSED:
+    return "CONNECTION_REFUSED";
+  case NGTCP2_FLOW_CONTROL_ERROR:
+    return "FLOW_CONTROL_ERROR";
+  case NGTCP2_STREAM_LIMIT_ERROR:
+    return "STREAM_LIMIT_ERROR";
+  case NGTCP2_STREAM_STATE_ERROR:
+    return "STREAM_STATE_ERROR";
+  case NGTCP2_FINAL_SIZE_ERROR:
+    return "FINAL_SIZE_ERROR";
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_ENCODING_ERROR:
+    return "FRAME_ENCODING_ERROR";
+  case NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAMETER_ERROR:
+    return "TRANSPORT_PARAMETER_ERROR";
+  case NGTCP2_CONNECTION_ID_LIMIT_ERROR:
+    return "CONNECTION_ID_LIMIT_ERROR";
+  case NGTCP2_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION:
+    return "PROTOCOL_VIOLATION";
+  case NGTCP2_INVALID_TOKEN:
+    return "INVALID_TOKEN";
+  case NGTCP2_APPLICATION_ERROR:
+    return "APPLICATION_ERROR";
+  case NGTCP2_CRYPTO_BUFFER_EXCEEDED:
+    return "CRYPTO_BUFFER_EXCEEDED";
+  case NGTCP2_KEY_UPDATE_ERROR:
+    return "KEY_UPDATE_ERROR";
+  case NGTCP2_VERSION_NEGOTIATION_ERROR:
+    return "VERSION_NEGOTIATION_ERROR";
+  default:
+    if (0x100u <= error_code && error_code <= 0x1ffu) {
+      return "CRYPTO_ERROR";
+    }
+    return "(unknown)";
+  }
+}
+
+static const char *strapperrorcode(uint64_t app_error_code) {
+  (void)app_error_code;
+  return "(unknown)";
+}
+
+static const char *strpkttype_long(uint8_t type) {
+  switch (type) {
+  case NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL:
+    return "Initial";
+  case NGTCP2_PKT_RETRY:
+    return "Retry";
+  case NGTCP2_PKT_HANDSHAKE:
+    return "Handshake";
+  case NGTCP2_PKT_0RTT:
+    return "0RTT";
+  default:
+    return "(unknown)";
+  }
+}
+
+static const char *strpkttype(const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd) {
+  if (hd->flags & NGTCP2_PKT_FLAG_LONG_FORM) {
+    return strpkttype_long(hd->type);
+  }
+
+  switch (hd->type) {
+  case NGTCP2_PKT_VERSION_NEGOTIATION:
+    return "VN";
+  case NGTCP2_PKT_STATELESS_RESET:
+    return "SR";
+  case NGTCP2_PKT_1RTT:
+    return "1RTT";
+  default:
+    return "(unknown)";
+  }
+}
+
+static const char *strpkttype_type_flags(uint8_t type, uint8_t flags) {
+  ngtcp2_pkt_hd hd = {0};
+
+  hd.type = type;
+  hd.flags = flags;
+
+  return strpkttype(&hd);
+}
+
+static const char *strevent(ngtcp2_log_event ev) {
+  switch (ev) {
+  case NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_CON:
+    return "con";
+  case NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT:
+    return "pkt";
+  case NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_FRM:
+    return "frm";
+  case NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV:
+    return "rcv";
+  case NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_CRY:
+    return "cry";
+  case NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PTV:
+    return "ptv";
+  case NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_NONE:
+  default:
+    return "non";
+  }
+}
+
+static uint64_t timestamp_cast(uint64_t ns) { return ns / NGTCP2_MILLISECONDS; }
+
+static void log_fr_stream(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                          const ngtcp2_stream *fr, const char *dir) {
+  log->log_printf(
+      log->user_data,
+      (NGTCP2_LOG_PKT " STREAM(0x%02x) id=0x%" PRIx64 " fin=%d offset=%" PRIu64
+                      " len=%" PRIu64 " uni=%d"),
+      NGTCP2_LOG_FRM_HD_FIELDS(dir), fr->type | fr->flags, fr->stream_id,
+      fr->fin, fr->offset, ngtcp2_vec_len(fr->data, fr->datacnt),
+      (fr->stream_id & 0x2) != 0);
+}
+
+static void log_fr_ack(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                       const ngtcp2_ack *fr, const char *dir) {
+  int64_t largest_ack, min_ack;
+  size_t i;
+
+  log->log_printf(log->user_data,
+                  (NGTCP2_LOG_PKT " ACK(0x%02x) largest_ack=%" PRId64
+                                  " ack_delay=%" PRIu64 "(%" PRIu64
+                                  ") ack_range_count=%zu"),
+                  NGTCP2_LOG_FRM_HD_FIELDS(dir), fr->type, fr->largest_ack,
+                  fr->ack_delay_unscaled / NGTCP2_MILLISECONDS, fr->ack_delay,
+                  fr->rangecnt);
+
+  largest_ack = fr->largest_ack;
+  min_ack = fr->largest_ack - (int64_t)fr->first_ack_range;
+
+  log->log_printf(log->user_data,
+                  (NGTCP2_LOG_PKT " ACK(0x%02x) range=[%" PRId64 "..%" PRId64
+                                  "] len=%" PRIu64),
+                  NGTCP2_LOG_FRM_HD_FIELDS(dir), fr->type, largest_ack, min_ack,
+                  fr->first_ack_range);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < fr->rangecnt; ++i) {
+    const ngtcp2_ack_range *range = &fr->ranges[i];
+    largest_ack = min_ack - (int64_t)range->gap - 2;
+    min_ack = largest_ack - (int64_t)range->len;
+    log->log_printf(log->user_data,
+                    (NGTCP2_LOG_PKT " ACK(0x%02x) range=[%" PRId64 "..%" PRId64
+                                    "] gap=%" PRIu64 " len=%" PRIu64),
+                    NGTCP2_LOG_FRM_HD_FIELDS(dir), fr->type, largest_ack,
+                    min_ack, range->gap, range->len);
+  }
+
+  if (fr->type == NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK_ECN) {
+    log->log_printf(log->user_data,
+                    (NGTCP2_LOG_PKT " ACK(0x%02x) ect0=%" PRIu64
+                                    " ect1=%" PRIu64 " ce=%" PRIu64),
+                    NGTCP2_LOG_FRM_HD_FIELDS(dir), fr->type, fr->ecn.ect0,
+                    fr->ecn.ect1, fr->ecn.ce);
+  }
+}
+
+static void log_fr_padding(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                           const ngtcp2_padding *fr, const char *dir) {
+  log->log_printf(log->user_data, (NGTCP2_LOG_PKT " PADDING(0x%02x) len=%zu"),
+                  NGTCP2_LOG_FRM_HD_FIELDS(dir), fr->type, fr->len);
+}
+
+static void log_fr_reset_stream(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                                const ngtcp2_reset_stream *fr,
+                                const char *dir) {
+  log->log_printf(
+      log->user_data,
+      (NGTCP2_LOG_PKT " RESET_STREAM(0x%02x) id=0x%" PRIx64
+                      " app_error_code=%s(0x%" PRIx64 ") final_size=%" PRIu64),
+      NGTCP2_LOG_FRM_HD_FIELDS(dir), fr->type, fr->stream_id,
+      strapperrorcode(fr->app_error_code), fr->app_error_code, fr->final_size);
+}
+
+static void log_fr_connection_close(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                                    const ngtcp2_connection_close *fr,
+                                    const char *dir) {
+  char reason[256];
+  size_t reasonlen = ngtcp2_min(sizeof(reason) - 1, fr->reasonlen);
+
+  log->log_printf(log->user_data,
+                  (NGTCP2_LOG_PKT
+                   " CONNECTION_CLOSE(0x%02x) error_code=%s(0x%" PRIx64 ") "
+                   "frame_type=%" PRIx64 " reason_len=%zu reason=[%s]"),
+                  NGTCP2_LOG_FRM_HD_FIELDS(dir), fr->type,
+                  fr->type == NGTCP2_FRAME_CONNECTION_CLOSE
+                      ? strerrorcode(fr->error_code)
+                      : strapperrorcode(fr->error_code),
+                  fr->error_code, fr->frame_type, fr->reasonlen,
+                  ngtcp2_encode_printable_ascii(reason, fr->reason, reasonlen));
+}
+
+static void log_fr_max_data(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                            const ngtcp2_max_data *fr, const char *dir) {
+  log->log_printf(log->user_data,
+                  (NGTCP2_LOG_PKT " MAX_DATA(0x%02x) max_data=%" PRIu64),
+                  NGTCP2_LOG_FRM_HD_FIELDS(dir), fr->type, fr->max_data);
+}
+
+static void log_fr_max_stream_data(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                                   const ngtcp2_max_stream_data *fr,
+                                   const char *dir) {
+  log->log_printf(log->user_data,
+                  (NGTCP2_LOG_PKT " MAX_STREAM_DATA(0x%02x) id=0x%" PRIx64
+                                  " max_stream_data=%" PRIu64),
+                  NGTCP2_LOG_FRM_HD_FIELDS(dir), fr->type, fr->stream_id,
+                  fr->max_stream_data);
+}
+
+static void log_fr_max_streams(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                               const ngtcp2_max_streams *fr, const char *dir) {
+  log->log_printf(log->user_data,
+                  (NGTCP2_LOG_PKT " MAX_STREAMS(0x%02x) max_streams=%" PRIu64),
+                  NGTCP2_LOG_FRM_HD_FIELDS(dir), fr->type, fr->max_streams);
+}
+
+static void log_fr_ping(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                        const ngtcp2_ping *fr, const char *dir) {
+  log->log_printf(log->user_data, (NGTCP2_LOG_PKT " PING(0x%02x)"),
+                  NGTCP2_LOG_FRM_HD_FIELDS(dir), fr->type);
+}
+
+static void log_fr_data_blocked(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                                const ngtcp2_data_blocked *fr,
+                                const char *dir) {
+  log->log_printf(log->user_data,
+                  (NGTCP2_LOG_PKT " DATA_BLOCKED(0x%02x) offset=%" PRIu64),
+                  NGTCP2_LOG_FRM_HD_FIELDS(dir), fr->type, fr->offset);
+}
+
+static void log_fr_stream_data_blocked(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                                       const ngtcp2_stream_data_blocked *fr,
+                                       const char *dir) {
+  log->log_printf(log->user_data,
+                  (NGTCP2_LOG_PKT " STREAM_DATA_BLOCKED(0x%02x) id=0x%" PRIx64
+                                  " offset=%" PRIu64),
+                  NGTCP2_LOG_FRM_HD_FIELDS(dir), fr->type, fr->stream_id,
+                  fr->offset);
+}
+
+static void log_fr_streams_blocked(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                                   const ngtcp2_streams_blocked *fr,
+                                   const char *dir) {
+  log->log_printf(
+      log->user_data,
+      (NGTCP2_LOG_PKT " STREAMS_BLOCKED(0x%02x) max_streams=%" PRIu64),
+      NGTCP2_LOG_FRM_HD_FIELDS(dir), fr->type, fr->max_streams);
+}
+
+static void log_fr_new_connection_id(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                                     const ngtcp2_new_connection_id *fr,
+                                     const char *dir) {
+  uint8_t buf[sizeof(fr->stateless_reset_token) * 2 + 1];
+  uint8_t cid[sizeof(fr->cid.data) * 2 + 1];
+
+  log->log_printf(
+      log->user_data,
+      (NGTCP2_LOG_PKT " NEW_CONNECTION_ID(0x%02x) seq=%" PRIu64
+                      " cid=0x%s retire_prior_to=%" PRIu64
+                      " stateless_reset_token=0x%s"),
+      NGTCP2_LOG_FRM_HD_FIELDS(dir), fr->type, fr->seq,
+      (const char *)ngtcp2_encode_hex(cid, fr->cid.data, fr->cid.datalen),
+      fr->retire_prior_to,
+      (const char *)ngtcp2_encode_hex(buf, fr->stateless_reset_token,
+                                      sizeof(fr->stateless_reset_token)));
+}
+
+static void log_fr_stop_sending(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                                const ngtcp2_stop_sending *fr,
+                                const char *dir) {
+  log->log_printf(log->user_data,
+                  (NGTCP2_LOG_PKT " STOP_SENDING(0x%02x) id=0x%" PRIx64
+                                  " app_error_code=%s(0x%" PRIx64 ")"),
+                  NGTCP2_LOG_FRM_HD_FIELDS(dir), fr->type, fr->stream_id,
+                  strapperrorcode(fr->app_error_code), fr->app_error_code);
+}
+
+static void log_fr_path_challenge(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                                  const ngtcp2_path_challenge *fr,
+                                  const char *dir) {
+  uint8_t buf[sizeof(fr->data) * 2 + 1];
+
+  log->log_printf(
+      log->user_data, (NGTCP2_LOG_PKT " PATH_CHALLENGE(0x%02x) data=0x%s"),
+      NGTCP2_LOG_FRM_HD_FIELDS(dir), fr->type,
+      (const char *)ngtcp2_encode_hex(buf, fr->data, sizeof(fr->data)));
+}
+
+static void log_fr_path_response(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                                 const ngtcp2_path_response *fr,
+                                 const char *dir) {
+  uint8_t buf[sizeof(fr->data) * 2 + 1];
+
+  log->log_printf(
+      log->user_data, (NGTCP2_LOG_PKT " PATH_RESPONSE(0x%02x) data=0x%s"),
+      NGTCP2_LOG_FRM_HD_FIELDS(dir), fr->type,
+      (const char *)ngtcp2_encode_hex(buf, fr->data, sizeof(fr->data)));
+}
+
+static void log_fr_crypto(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                          const ngtcp2_crypto *fr, const char *dir) {
+  log->log_printf(
+      log->user_data,
+      (NGTCP2_LOG_PKT " CRYPTO(0x%02x) offset=%" PRIu64 " len=%" PRIu64),
+      NGTCP2_LOG_FRM_HD_FIELDS(dir), fr->type, fr->offset,
+      ngtcp2_vec_len(fr->data, fr->datacnt));
+}
+
+static void log_fr_new_token(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                             const ngtcp2_new_token *fr, const char *dir) {
+  /* Show at most first 64 bytes of token.  If token is longer than 64
+     bytes, log first 64 bytes and then append "*" */
+  uint8_t buf[128 + 1 + 1];
+  uint8_t *p;
+
+  if (fr->tokenlen > 64) {
+    p = ngtcp2_encode_hex(buf, fr->token, 64);
+    p[128] = '*';
+    p[129] = '\0';
+  } else {
+    p = ngtcp2_encode_hex(buf, fr->token, fr->tokenlen);
+  }
+  log->log_printf(
+      log->user_data, (NGTCP2_LOG_PKT " NEW_TOKEN(0x%02x) token=0x%s len=%zu"),
+      NGTCP2_LOG_FRM_HD_FIELDS(dir), fr->type, (const char *)p, fr->tokenlen);
+}
+
+static void log_fr_retire_connection_id(ngtcp2_log *log,
+                                        const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                                        const ngtcp2_retire_connection_id *fr,
+                                        const char *dir) {
+  log->log_printf(log->user_data,
+                  (NGTCP2_LOG_PKT " RETIRE_CONNECTION_ID(0x%02x) seq=%" PRIu64),
+                  NGTCP2_LOG_FRM_HD_FIELDS(dir), fr->type, fr->seq);
+}
+
+static void log_fr_handshake_done(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                                  const ngtcp2_handshake_done *fr,
+                                  const char *dir) {
+  log->log_printf(log->user_data, (NGTCP2_LOG_PKT " HANDSHAKE_DONE(0x%02x)"),
+                  NGTCP2_LOG_FRM_HD_FIELDS(dir), fr->type);
+}
+
+static void log_fr_datagram(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                            const ngtcp2_datagram *fr, const char *dir) {
+  log->log_printf(log->user_data,
+                  (NGTCP2_LOG_PKT " DATAGRAM(0x%02x) len=%" PRIu64),
+                  NGTCP2_LOG_FRM_HD_FIELDS(dir), fr->type,
+                  ngtcp2_vec_len(fr->data, fr->datacnt));
+}
+
+static void log_fr(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                   const ngtcp2_frame *fr, const char *dir) {
+  switch (fr->type) {
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAM:
+    log_fr_stream(log, hd, &fr->stream, dir);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK:
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK_ECN:
+    log_fr_ack(log, hd, &fr->ack, dir);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_PADDING:
+    log_fr_padding(log, hd, &fr->padding, dir);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_RESET_STREAM:
+    log_fr_reset_stream(log, hd, &fr->reset_stream, dir);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_CONNECTION_CLOSE:
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_CONNECTION_CLOSE_APP:
+    log_fr_connection_close(log, hd, &fr->connection_close, dir);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_DATA:
+    log_fr_max_data(log, hd, &fr->max_data, dir);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_STREAM_DATA:
+    log_fr_max_stream_data(log, hd, &fr->max_stream_data, dir);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_STREAMS_BIDI:
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_STREAMS_UNI:
+    log_fr_max_streams(log, hd, &fr->max_streams, dir);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_PING:
+    log_fr_ping(log, hd, &fr->ping, dir);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_DATA_BLOCKED:
+    log_fr_data_blocked(log, hd, &fr->data_blocked, dir);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAM_DATA_BLOCKED:
+    log_fr_stream_data_blocked(log, hd, &fr->stream_data_blocked, dir);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAMS_BLOCKED_BIDI:
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAMS_BLOCKED_UNI:
+    log_fr_streams_blocked(log, hd, &fr->streams_blocked, dir);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_NEW_CONNECTION_ID:
+    log_fr_new_connection_id(log, hd, &fr->new_connection_id, dir);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_STOP_SENDING:
+    log_fr_stop_sending(log, hd, &fr->stop_sending, dir);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_PATH_CHALLENGE:
+    log_fr_path_challenge(log, hd, &fr->path_challenge, dir);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_PATH_RESPONSE:
+    log_fr_path_response(log, hd, &fr->path_response, dir);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_CRYPTO:
+    log_fr_crypto(log, hd, &fr->crypto, dir);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_NEW_TOKEN:
+    log_fr_new_token(log, hd, &fr->new_token, dir);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_RETIRE_CONNECTION_ID:
+    log_fr_retire_connection_id(log, hd, &fr->retire_connection_id, dir);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_HANDSHAKE_DONE:
+    log_fr_handshake_done(log, hd, &fr->handshake_done, dir);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_DATAGRAM:
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_DATAGRAM_LEN:
+    log_fr_datagram(log, hd, &fr->datagram, dir);
+    break;
+  default:
+    ngtcp2_unreachable();
+  }
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_log_rx_fr(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                      const ngtcp2_frame *fr) {
+  if (!log->log_printf) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  log_fr(log, hd, fr, "rx");
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_log_tx_fr(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                      const ngtcp2_frame *fr) {
+  if (!log->log_printf) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  log_fr(log, hd, fr, "tx");
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_log_rx_vn(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                      const uint32_t *sv, size_t nsv) {
+  size_t i;
+
+  if (!log->log_printf) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < nsv; ++i) {
+    log->log_printf(log->user_data, (NGTCP2_LOG_PKT " v=0x%08x"),
+                    NGTCP2_LOG_PKT_HD_FIELDS("rx"), sv[i]);
+  }
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_log_rx_sr(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_pkt_stateless_reset *sr) {
+  uint8_t buf[sizeof(sr->stateless_reset_token) * 2 + 1];
+  ngtcp2_pkt_hd shd;
+  ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd = &shd;
+
+  if (!log->log_printf) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  memset(&shd, 0, sizeof(shd));
+
+  shd.type = NGTCP2_PKT_STATELESS_RESET;
+
+  log->log_printf(
+      log->user_data, (NGTCP2_LOG_PKT " token=0x%s randlen=%zu"),
+      NGTCP2_LOG_PKT_HD_FIELDS("rx"),
+      (const char *)ngtcp2_encode_hex(buf, sr->stateless_reset_token,
+                                      sizeof(sr->stateless_reset_token)),
+      sr->randlen);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_log_remote_tp(ngtcp2_log *log, uint8_t exttype,
+                          const ngtcp2_transport_params *params) {
+  uint8_t token[NGTCP2_STATELESS_RESET_TOKENLEN * 2 + 1];
+  uint8_t addr[16 * 2 + 7 + 1];
+  uint8_t cid[NGTCP2_MAX_CIDLEN * 2 + 1];
+  size_t i;
+  const ngtcp2_sockaddr_in *sa_in;
+  const ngtcp2_sockaddr_in6 *sa_in6;
+  const uint8_t *p;
+  uint32_t version;
+
+  if (!log->log_printf) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (exttype == NGTCP2_TRANSPORT_PARAMS_TYPE_ENCRYPTED_EXTENSIONS) {
+    if (params->stateless_reset_token_present) {
+      log->log_printf(log->user_data,
+                      (NGTCP2_LOG_TP " stateless_reset_token=0x%s"),
+                      NGTCP2_LOG_TP_HD_FIELDS,
+                      (const char *)ngtcp2_encode_hex(
+                          token, params->stateless_reset_token,
+                          sizeof(params->stateless_reset_token)));
+    }
+
+    if (params->preferred_address_present) {
+      if (params->preferred_address.ipv4_present) {
+        sa_in = &params->preferred_address.ipv4;
+
+        log->log_printf(log->user_data,
+                        (NGTCP2_LOG_TP " preferred_address.ipv4_addr=%s"),
+                        NGTCP2_LOG_TP_HD_FIELDS,
+                        (const char *)ngtcp2_encode_ipv4(
+                            addr, (const uint8_t *)&sa_in->sin_addr));
+        log->log_printf(log->user_data,
+                        (NGTCP2_LOG_TP " preferred_address.ipv4_port=%u"),
+                        NGTCP2_LOG_TP_HD_FIELDS, ngtcp2_ntohs(sa_in->sin_port));
+      }
+
+      if (params->preferred_address.ipv6_present) {
+        sa_in6 = &params->preferred_address.ipv6;
+
+        log->log_printf(log->user_data,
+                        (NGTCP2_LOG_TP " preferred_address.ipv6_addr=%s"),
+                        NGTCP2_LOG_TP_HD_FIELDS,
+                        (const char *)ngtcp2_encode_ipv6(
+                            addr, (const uint8_t *)&sa_in6->sin6_addr));
+        log->log_printf(
+            log->user_data, (NGTCP2_LOG_TP " preferred_address.ipv6_port=%u"),
+            NGTCP2_LOG_TP_HD_FIELDS, ngtcp2_ntohs(sa_in6->sin6_port));
+      }
+
+      log->log_printf(log->user_data,
+                      (NGTCP2_LOG_TP " preferred_address.cid=0x%s"),
+                      NGTCP2_LOG_TP_HD_FIELDS,
+                      (const char *)ngtcp2_encode_hex(
+                          cid, params->preferred_address.cid.data,
+                          params->preferred_address.cid.datalen));
+      log->log_printf(
+          log->user_data,
+          (NGTCP2_LOG_TP " preferred_address.stateless_reset_token=0x%s"),
+          NGTCP2_LOG_TP_HD_FIELDS,
+          (const char *)ngtcp2_encode_hex(
+              token, params->preferred_address.stateless_reset_token,
+              sizeof(params->preferred_address.stateless_reset_token)));
+    }
+
+    log->log_printf(
+        log->user_data,
+        (NGTCP2_LOG_TP " original_destination_connection_id=0x%s"),
+        NGTCP2_LOG_TP_HD_FIELDS,
+        (const char *)ngtcp2_encode_hex(cid, params->original_dcid.data,
+                                        params->original_dcid.datalen));
+
+    if (params->retry_scid_present) {
+      log->log_printf(
+          log->user_data, (NGTCP2_LOG_TP " retry_source_connection_id=0x%s"),
+          NGTCP2_LOG_TP_HD_FIELDS,
+          (const char *)ngtcp2_encode_hex(cid, params->retry_scid.data,
+                                          params->retry_scid.datalen));
+    }
+  }
+
+  log->log_printf(
+      log->user_data, (NGTCP2_LOG_TP " initial_source_connection_id=0x%s"),
+      NGTCP2_LOG_TP_HD_FIELDS,
+      (const char *)ngtcp2_encode_hex(cid, params->initial_scid.data,
+                                      params->initial_scid.datalen));
+
+  log->log_printf(
+      log->user_data,
+      (NGTCP2_LOG_TP " initial_max_stream_data_bidi_local=%" PRIu64),
+      NGTCP2_LOG_TP_HD_FIELDS, params->initial_max_stream_data_bidi_local);
+  log->log_printf(
+      log->user_data,
+      (NGTCP2_LOG_TP " initial_max_stream_data_bidi_remote=%" PRIu64),
+      NGTCP2_LOG_TP_HD_FIELDS, params->initial_max_stream_data_bidi_remote);
+  log->log_printf(log->user_data,
+                  (NGTCP2_LOG_TP " initial_max_stream_data_uni=%" PRIu64),
+                  NGTCP2_LOG_TP_HD_FIELDS, params->initial_max_stream_data_uni);
+  log->log_printf(log->user_data, (NGTCP2_LOG_TP " initial_max_data=%" PRIu64),
+                  NGTCP2_LOG_TP_HD_FIELDS, params->initial_max_data);
+  log->log_printf(log->user_data,
+                  (NGTCP2_LOG_TP " initial_max_streams_bidi=%" PRIu64),
+                  NGTCP2_LOG_TP_HD_FIELDS, params->initial_max_streams_bidi);
+  log->log_printf(log->user_data,
+                  (NGTCP2_LOG_TP " initial_max_streams_uni=%" PRIu64),
+                  NGTCP2_LOG_TP_HD_FIELDS, params->initial_max_streams_uni);
+  log->log_printf(log->user_data, (NGTCP2_LOG_TP " max_idle_timeout=%" PRIu64),
+                  NGTCP2_LOG_TP_HD_FIELDS,
+                  params->max_idle_timeout / NGTCP2_MILLISECONDS);
+  log->log_printf(log->user_data,
+                  (NGTCP2_LOG_TP " max_udp_payload_size=%" PRIu64),
+                  NGTCP2_LOG_TP_HD_FIELDS, params->max_udp_payload_size);
+  log->log_printf(log->user_data,
+                  (NGTCP2_LOG_TP " ack_delay_exponent=%" PRIu64),
+                  NGTCP2_LOG_TP_HD_FIELDS, params->ack_delay_exponent);
+  log->log_printf(log->user_data, (NGTCP2_LOG_TP " max_ack_delay=%" PRIu64),
+                  NGTCP2_LOG_TP_HD_FIELDS,
+                  params->max_ack_delay / NGTCP2_MILLISECONDS);
+  log->log_printf(log->user_data,
+                  (NGTCP2_LOG_TP " active_connection_id_limit=%" PRIu64),
+                  NGTCP2_LOG_TP_HD_FIELDS, params->active_connection_id_limit);
+  log->log_printf(log->user_data,
+                  (NGTCP2_LOG_TP " disable_active_migration=%d"),
+                  NGTCP2_LOG_TP_HD_FIELDS, params->disable_active_migration);
+  log->log_printf(log->user_data,
+                  (NGTCP2_LOG_TP " max_datagram_frame_size=%" PRIu64),
+                  NGTCP2_LOG_TP_HD_FIELDS, params->max_datagram_frame_size);
+  log->log_printf(log->user_data, (NGTCP2_LOG_TP " grease_quic_bit=%d"),
+                  NGTCP2_LOG_TP_HD_FIELDS, params->grease_quic_bit);
+
+  if (params->version_info_present) {
+    log->log_printf(
+        log->user_data,
+        (NGTCP2_LOG_TP " version_information.chosen_version=0x%08x"),
+        NGTCP2_LOG_TP_HD_FIELDS, params->version_info.chosen_version);
+
+    assert(!(params->version_info.available_versionslen & 0x3));
+
+    for (i = 0, p = params->version_info.available_versions;
+         i < params->version_info.available_versionslen;
+         i += sizeof(uint32_t)) {
+      p = ngtcp2_get_uint32(&version, p);
+
+      log->log_printf(
+          log->user_data,
+          (NGTCP2_LOG_TP " version_information.available_versions[%zu]=0x%08x"),
+          NGTCP2_LOG_TP_HD_FIELDS, i >> 2, version);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_log_pkt_lost(ngtcp2_log *log, int64_t pkt_num, uint8_t type,
+                         uint8_t flags, ngtcp2_tstamp sent_ts) {
+  if (!log->log_printf) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_log_info(log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                  "pkn=%" PRId64 " lost type=%s sent_ts=%" PRIu64, pkt_num,
+                  strpkttype_type_flags(type, flags), sent_ts);
+}
+
+static void log_pkt_hd(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                       const char *dir) {
+  uint8_t dcid[sizeof(hd->dcid.data) * 2 + 1];
+  uint8_t scid[sizeof(hd->scid.data) * 2 + 1];
+
+  if (!log->log_printf) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (hd->type == NGTCP2_PKT_1RTT) {
+    ngtcp2_log_info(
+        log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT, "%s pkn=%" PRId64 " dcid=0x%s type=%s k=%d",
+        dir, hd->pkt_num,
+        (const char *)ngtcp2_encode_hex(dcid, hd->dcid.data, hd->dcid.datalen),
+        strpkttype(hd), (hd->flags & NGTCP2_PKT_FLAG_KEY_PHASE) != 0);
+  } else {
+    ngtcp2_log_info(
+        log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+        "%s pkn=%" PRId64 " dcid=0x%s scid=0x%s version=0x%08x type=%s len=%zu",
+        dir, hd->pkt_num,
+        (const char *)ngtcp2_encode_hex(dcid, hd->dcid.data, hd->dcid.datalen),
+        (const char *)ngtcp2_encode_hex(scid, hd->scid.data, hd->scid.datalen),
+        hd->version, strpkttype(hd), hd->len);
+  }
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_log_rx_pkt_hd(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd) {
+  log_pkt_hd(log, hd, "rx");
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_log_tx_pkt_hd(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd) {
+  log_pkt_hd(log, hd, "tx");
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_log_info(ngtcp2_log *log, ngtcp2_log_event ev, const char *fmt,
+                     ...) {
+  va_list ap;
+  int n;
+  char buf[NGTCP2_LOG_BUFLEN];
+
+  if (!log->log_printf) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  va_start(ap, fmt);
+  n = vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, ap);
+  va_end(ap);
+
+  if (n < 0 || (size_t)n >= sizeof(buf)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  log->log_printf(log->user_data, (NGTCP2_LOG_HD " %s"),
+                  timestamp_cast(log->last_ts - log->ts), log->scid,
+                  strevent(ev), buf);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_log_tx_cancel(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd) {
+  ngtcp2_log_info(log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+                  "cancel tx pkn=%" PRId64 " type=%s", hd->pkt_num,
+                  strpkttype(hd));
+}
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_log.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_log.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..029ef1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_log.h
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2018 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_LOG_H
+#define NGTCP2_LOG_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_pkt.h"
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_log {
+  /* log_printf is a sink to write log.  NULL means no logging
+     output. */
+  ngtcp2_printf log_printf;
+  /* ts is the time point used to write time delta in the log. */
+  ngtcp2_tstamp ts;
+  /* last_ts is the most recent time point that this object is
+     told. */
+  ngtcp2_tstamp last_ts;
+  /* user_data is user-defined opaque data which is passed to
+     log_pritnf. */
+  void *user_data;
+  /* scid is SCID encoded as NULL-terminated hex string. */
+  uint8_t scid[NGTCP2_MAX_CIDLEN * 2 + 1];
+} ngtcp2_log;
+
+/**
+ * @enum
+ *
+ * :type:`ngtcp2_log_event` defines an event of ngtcp2 library
+ * internal logger.
+ */
+typedef enum ngtcp2_log_event {
+  /**
+   * :enum:`NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_NONE` represents no event.
+   */
+  NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_NONE,
+  /**
+   * :enum:`NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_CON` is a connection (catch-all) event
+   */
+  NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_CON,
+  /**
+   * :enum:`NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT` is a packet event.
+   */
+  NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PKT,
+  /**
+   * :enum:`NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_FRM` is a QUIC frame event.
+   */
+  NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_FRM,
+  /**
+   * :enum:`NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV` is a congestion and recovery event.
+   */
+  NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+  /**
+   * :enum:`NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_CRY` is a crypto event.
+   */
+  NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_CRY,
+  /**
+   * :enum:`NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PTV` is a path validation event.
+   */
+  NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PTV,
+} ngtcp2_log_event;
+
+void ngtcp2_log_init(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_cid *scid,
+                     ngtcp2_printf log_printf, ngtcp2_tstamp ts,
+                     void *user_data);
+
+void ngtcp2_log_rx_fr(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                      const ngtcp2_frame *fr);
+void ngtcp2_log_tx_fr(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                      const ngtcp2_frame *fr);
+
+void ngtcp2_log_rx_vn(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                      const uint32_t *sv, size_t nsv);
+
+void ngtcp2_log_rx_sr(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_pkt_stateless_reset *sr);
+
+void ngtcp2_log_remote_tp(ngtcp2_log *log, uint8_t exttype,
+                          const ngtcp2_transport_params *params);
+
+void ngtcp2_log_pkt_lost(ngtcp2_log *log, int64_t pkt_num, uint8_t type,
+                         uint8_t flags, ngtcp2_tstamp sent_ts);
+
+void ngtcp2_log_rx_pkt_hd(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd);
+
+void ngtcp2_log_tx_pkt_hd(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd);
+
+void ngtcp2_log_tx_cancel(ngtcp2_log *log, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd);
+
+/**
+ * @function
+ *
+ * `ngtcp2_log_info` writes info level log.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_log_info(ngtcp2_log *log, ngtcp2_log_event ev, const char *fmt,
+                     ...);
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_LOG_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_macro.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_macro.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28d3461
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_macro.h
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_MACRO_H
+#define NGTCP2_MACRO_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+#define ngtcp2_min(A, B) ((A) < (B) ? (A) : (B))
+#define ngtcp2_max(A, B) ((A) > (B) ? (A) : (B))
+
+#define ngtcp2_struct_of(ptr, type, member)                                    \
+  ((type *)(void *)((char *)(ptr)-offsetof(type, member)))
+
+/* ngtcp2_list_insert inserts |T| before |*PD|.  The contract is that
+   this is singly linked list, and the next element is pointed by next
+   field of the previous element.  |PD| must be a pointer to the
+   pointer to the next field of the previous element of |*PD|: if C is
+   the previous element of |PD|, PD = &C->next. */
+#define ngtcp2_list_insert(T, PD)                                              \
+  do {                                                                         \
+    (T)->next = *(PD);                                                         \
+    *(PD) = (T);                                                               \
+  } while (0)
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_arraylen returns the number of elements in array |A|.
+ */
+#define ngtcp2_arraylen(A) (sizeof(A) / sizeof(A[0]))
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_MACRO_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_map.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_map.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12bc6e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_map.c
@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ * Copyright (c) 2012 nghttp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_map.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_conv.h"
+
+#define NGTCP2_INITIAL_TABLE_LENBITS 4
+
+void ngtcp2_map_init(ngtcp2_map *map, const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  map->mem = mem;
+  map->tablelen = 0;
+  map->tablelenbits = 0;
+  map->table = NULL;
+  map->size = 0;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_map_free(ngtcp2_map *map) {
+  if (!map) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_mem_free(map->mem, map->table);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_map_each_free(ngtcp2_map *map, int (*func)(void *data, void *ptr),
+                          void *ptr) {
+  uint32_t i;
+  ngtcp2_map_bucket *bkt;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < map->tablelen; ++i) {
+    bkt = &map->table[i];
+
+    if (bkt->data == NULL) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    func(bkt->data, ptr);
+  }
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_map_each(ngtcp2_map *map, int (*func)(void *data, void *ptr),
+                    void *ptr) {
+  int rv;
+  uint32_t i;
+  ngtcp2_map_bucket *bkt;
+
+  if (map->size == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < map->tablelen; ++i) {
+    bkt = &map->table[i];
+
+    if (bkt->data == NULL) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    rv = func(bkt->data, ptr);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static uint32_t hash(ngtcp2_map_key_type key) {
+  return (uint32_t)((key * 11400714819323198485llu) >> 32);
+}
+
+static size_t h2idx(uint32_t hash, uint32_t bits) {
+  return hash >> (32 - bits);
+}
+
+static size_t distance(uint32_t tablelen, uint32_t tablelenbits,
+                       ngtcp2_map_bucket *bkt, size_t idx) {
+  return (idx - h2idx(bkt->hash, tablelenbits)) & (tablelen - 1);
+}
+
+static void map_bucket_swap(ngtcp2_map_bucket *bkt, uint32_t *phash,
+                            ngtcp2_map_key_type *pkey, void **pdata) {
+  uint32_t h = bkt->hash;
+  ngtcp2_map_key_type key = bkt->key;
+  void *data = bkt->data;
+
+  bkt->hash = *phash;
+  bkt->key = *pkey;
+  bkt->data = *pdata;
+
+  *phash = h;
+  *pkey = key;
+  *pdata = data;
+}
+
+static void map_bucket_set_data(ngtcp2_map_bucket *bkt, uint32_t hash,
+                                ngtcp2_map_key_type key, void *data) {
+  bkt->hash = hash;
+  bkt->key = key;
+  bkt->data = data;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_map_print_distance(ngtcp2_map *map) {
+  uint32_t i;
+  size_t idx;
+  ngtcp2_map_bucket *bkt;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < map->tablelen; ++i) {
+    bkt = &map->table[i];
+
+    if (bkt->data == NULL) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "@%u <EMPTY>\n", i);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    idx = h2idx(bkt->hash, map->tablelenbits);
+    fprintf(stderr, "@%u hash=%08x key=%" PRIu64 " base=%zu distance=%zu\n", i,
+            bkt->hash, bkt->key, idx,
+            distance(map->tablelen, map->tablelenbits, bkt, idx));
+  }
+}
+
+static int insert(ngtcp2_map_bucket *table, uint32_t tablelen,
+                  uint32_t tablelenbits, uint32_t hash, ngtcp2_map_key_type key,
+                  void *data) {
+  size_t idx = h2idx(hash, tablelenbits);
+  size_t d = 0, dd;
+  ngtcp2_map_bucket *bkt;
+
+  for (;;) {
+    bkt = &table[idx];
+
+    if (bkt->data == NULL) {
+      map_bucket_set_data(bkt, hash, key, data);
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    dd = distance(tablelen, tablelenbits, bkt, idx);
+    if (d > dd) {
+      map_bucket_swap(bkt, &hash, &key, &data);
+      d = dd;
+    } else if (bkt->key == key) {
+      /* TODO This check is just a waste after first swap or if this
+         function is called from map_resize.  That said, there is no
+         difference with or without this conditional in performance
+         wise. */
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+    }
+
+    ++d;
+    idx = (idx + 1) & (tablelen - 1);
+  }
+}
+
+/* new_tablelen must be power of 2 and new_tablelen == (1 <<
+   new_tablelenbits) must hold. */
+static int map_resize(ngtcp2_map *map, uint32_t new_tablelen,
+                      uint32_t new_tablelenbits) {
+  uint32_t i;
+  ngtcp2_map_bucket *new_table;
+  ngtcp2_map_bucket *bkt;
+  int rv;
+  (void)rv;
+
+  new_table =
+      ngtcp2_mem_calloc(map->mem, new_tablelen, sizeof(ngtcp2_map_bucket));
+  if (new_table == NULL) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < map->tablelen; ++i) {
+    bkt = &map->table[i];
+    if (bkt->data == NULL) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    rv = insert(new_table, new_tablelen, new_tablelenbits, bkt->hash, bkt->key,
+                bkt->data);
+
+    assert(0 == rv);
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_mem_free(map->mem, map->table);
+  map->tablelen = new_tablelen;
+  map->tablelenbits = new_tablelenbits;
+  map->table = new_table;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_map_insert(ngtcp2_map *map, ngtcp2_map_key_type key, void *data) {
+  int rv;
+
+  assert(data);
+
+  /* Load factor is 0.75 */
+  if ((map->size + 1) * 4 > map->tablelen * 3) {
+    if (map->tablelen) {
+      rv = map_resize(map, map->tablelen * 2, map->tablelenbits + 1);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+    } else {
+      rv = map_resize(map, 1 << NGTCP2_INITIAL_TABLE_LENBITS,
+                      NGTCP2_INITIAL_TABLE_LENBITS);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  rv = insert(map->table, map->tablelen, map->tablelenbits, hash(key), key,
+              data);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+  ++map->size;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void *ngtcp2_map_find(ngtcp2_map *map, ngtcp2_map_key_type key) {
+  uint32_t h;
+  size_t idx;
+  ngtcp2_map_bucket *bkt;
+  size_t d = 0;
+
+  if (map->size == 0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  h = hash(key);
+  idx = h2idx(h, map->tablelenbits);
+
+  for (;;) {
+    bkt = &map->table[idx];
+
+    if (bkt->data == NULL ||
+        d > distance(map->tablelen, map->tablelenbits, bkt, idx)) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (bkt->key == key) {
+      return bkt->data;
+    }
+
+    ++d;
+    idx = (idx + 1) & (map->tablelen - 1);
+  }
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_map_remove(ngtcp2_map *map, ngtcp2_map_key_type key) {
+  uint32_t h;
+  size_t idx, didx;
+  ngtcp2_map_bucket *bkt;
+  size_t d = 0;
+
+  if (map->size == 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+
+  h = hash(key);
+  idx = h2idx(h, map->tablelenbits);
+
+  for (;;) {
+    bkt = &map->table[idx];
+
+    if (bkt->data == NULL ||
+        d > distance(map->tablelen, map->tablelenbits, bkt, idx)) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+    }
+
+    if (bkt->key == key) {
+      map_bucket_set_data(bkt, 0, 0, NULL);
+
+      didx = idx;
+      idx = (idx + 1) & (map->tablelen - 1);
+
+      for (;;) {
+        bkt = &map->table[idx];
+        if (bkt->data == NULL ||
+            distance(map->tablelen, map->tablelenbits, bkt, idx) == 0) {
+          break;
+        }
+
+        map->table[didx] = *bkt;
+        map_bucket_set_data(bkt, 0, 0, NULL);
+        didx = idx;
+
+        idx = (idx + 1) & (map->tablelen - 1);
+      }
+
+      --map->size;
+
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    ++d;
+    idx = (idx + 1) & (map->tablelen - 1);
+  }
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_map_clear(ngtcp2_map *map) {
+  if (map->tablelen == 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  memset(map->table, 0, sizeof(*map->table) * map->tablelen);
+  map->size = 0;
+}
+
+size_t ngtcp2_map_size(ngtcp2_map *map) { return map->size; }
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_map.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_map.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a64344a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_map.h
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ * Copyright (c) 2012 nghttp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_MAP_H
+#define NGTCP2_MAP_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_mem.h"
+
+/* Implementation of unordered map */
+
+typedef uint64_t ngtcp2_map_key_type;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_map_bucket {
+  uint32_t hash;
+  ngtcp2_map_key_type key;
+  void *data;
+} ngtcp2_map_bucket;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_map {
+  ngtcp2_map_bucket *table;
+  const ngtcp2_mem *mem;
+  size_t size;
+  uint32_t tablelen;
+  uint32_t tablelenbits;
+} ngtcp2_map;
+
+/*
+ * Initializes the map |map|.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_map_init(ngtcp2_map *map, const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+/*
+ * Deallocates any resources allocated for |map|. The stored entries
+ * are not freed by this function. Use ngtcp2_map_each_free() to free
+ * each entries.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_map_free(ngtcp2_map *map);
+
+/*
+ * Deallocates each entries using |func| function and any resources
+ * allocated for |map|. The |func| function is responsible for freeing
+ * given the |data| object. The |ptr| will be passed to the |func| as
+ * send argument. The return value of the |func| will be ignored.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_map_each_free(ngtcp2_map *map, int (*func)(void *data, void *ptr),
+                          void *ptr);
+
+/*
+ * Inserts the new |data| with the |key| to the map |map|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT
+ *     The item associated by |key| already exists.
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *   Out of memory
+ */
+int ngtcp2_map_insert(ngtcp2_map *map, ngtcp2_map_key_type key, void *data);
+
+/*
+ * Returns the data associated by the key |key|.  If there is no such
+ * data, this function returns NULL.
+ */
+void *ngtcp2_map_find(ngtcp2_map *map, ngtcp2_map_key_type key);
+
+/*
+ * Removes the data associated by the key |key| from the |map|.  The
+ * removed data is not freed by this function.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT
+ *     The data associated by |key| does not exist.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_map_remove(ngtcp2_map *map, ngtcp2_map_key_type key);
+
+/*
+ * Removes all entries from |map|.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_map_clear(ngtcp2_map *map);
+
+/*
+ * Returns the number of items stored in the map |map|.
+ */
+size_t ngtcp2_map_size(ngtcp2_map *map);
+
+/*
+ * Applies the function |func| to each data in the |map| with the
+ * optional user supplied pointer |ptr|.
+ *
+ * If the |func| returns 0, this function calls the |func| with the
+ * next data.  If the |func| returns nonzero, it will not call the
+ * |func| for further entries and return the return value of the
+ * |func| immediately.  Thus, this function returns 0 if all the
+ * invocations of the |func| return 0, or nonzero value which the last
+ * invocation of |func| returns.
+ *
+ * Don't use this function to free each data. Use
+ * ngtcp2_map_each_free() instead.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_map_each(ngtcp2_map *map, int (*func)(void *data, void *ptr),
+                    void *ptr);
+
+void ngtcp2_map_print_distance(ngtcp2_map *map);
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_MAP_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_mem.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_mem.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bcce0b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_mem.c
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ * Copyright (c) 2014 nghttp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_mem.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+static void *default_malloc(size_t size, void *user_data) {
+  (void)user_data;
+
+  return malloc(size);
+}
+
+static void default_free(void *ptr, void *user_data) {
+  (void)user_data;
+
+  free(ptr);
+}
+
+static void *default_calloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size, void *user_data) {
+  (void)user_data;
+
+  return calloc(nmemb, size);
+}
+
+static void *default_realloc(void *ptr, size_t size, void *user_data) {
+  (void)user_data;
+
+  return realloc(ptr, size);
+}
+
+static const ngtcp2_mem mem_default = {NULL, default_malloc, default_free,
+                                       default_calloc, default_realloc};
+
+const ngtcp2_mem *ngtcp2_mem_default(void) { return &mem_default; }
+
+#ifndef MEMDEBUG
+void *ngtcp2_mem_malloc(const ngtcp2_mem *mem, size_t size) {
+  return mem->malloc(size, mem->user_data);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_mem_free(const ngtcp2_mem *mem, void *ptr) {
+  mem->free(ptr, mem->user_data);
+}
+
+void *ngtcp2_mem_calloc(const ngtcp2_mem *mem, size_t nmemb, size_t size) {
+  return mem->calloc(nmemb, size, mem->user_data);
+}
+
+void *ngtcp2_mem_realloc(const ngtcp2_mem *mem, void *ptr, size_t size) {
+  return mem->realloc(ptr, size, mem->user_data);
+}
+#else  /* MEMDEBUG */
+void *ngtcp2_mem_malloc_debug(const ngtcp2_mem *mem, size_t size,
+                              const char *func, const char *file, size_t line) {
+  void *nptr = mem->malloc(size, mem->user_data);
+
+  fprintf(stderr, "malloc %p size=%zu in %s at %s:%zu\n", nptr, size, func,
+          file, line);
+
+  return nptr;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_mem_free_debug(const ngtcp2_mem *mem, void *ptr, const char *func,
+                           const char *file, size_t line) {
+  fprintf(stderr, "free ptr=%p in %s at %s:%zu\n", ptr, func, file, line);
+
+  mem->free(ptr, mem->user_data);
+}
+
+void *ngtcp2_mem_calloc_debug(const ngtcp2_mem *mem, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
+                              const char *func, const char *file, size_t line) {
+  void *nptr = mem->calloc(nmemb, size, mem->user_data);
+
+  fprintf(stderr, "calloc %p nmemb=%zu size=%zu in %s at %s:%zu\n", nptr, nmemb,
+          size, func, file, line);
+
+  return nptr;
+}
+
+void *ngtcp2_mem_realloc_debug(const ngtcp2_mem *mem, void *ptr, size_t size,
+                               const char *func, const char *file,
+                               size_t line) {
+  void *nptr = mem->realloc(ptr, size, mem->user_data);
+
+  fprintf(stderr, "realloc %p ptr=%p size=%zu in %s at %s:%zu\n", nptr, ptr,
+          size, func, file, line);
+
+  return nptr;
+}
+#endif /* MEMDEBUG */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_mem.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_mem.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c99b6c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_mem.h
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ * Copyright (c) 2014 nghttp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_MEM_H
+#define NGTCP2_MEM_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+/* Convenient wrapper functions to call allocator function in
+   |mem|. */
+#ifndef MEMDEBUG
+void *ngtcp2_mem_malloc(const ngtcp2_mem *mem, size_t size);
+
+void ngtcp2_mem_free(const ngtcp2_mem *mem, void *ptr);
+
+void *ngtcp2_mem_calloc(const ngtcp2_mem *mem, size_t nmemb, size_t size);
+
+void *ngtcp2_mem_realloc(const ngtcp2_mem *mem, void *ptr, size_t size);
+#else /* MEMDEBUG */
+void *ngtcp2_mem_malloc_debug(const ngtcp2_mem *mem, size_t size,
+                              const char *func, const char *file, size_t line);
+
+#  define ngtcp2_mem_malloc(MEM, SIZE)                                         \
+    ngtcp2_mem_malloc_debug((MEM), (SIZE), __func__, __FILE__, __LINE__)
+
+void ngtcp2_mem_free_debug(const ngtcp2_mem *mem, void *ptr, const char *func,
+                           const char *file, size_t line);
+
+#  define ngtcp2_mem_free(MEM, PTR)                                            \
+    ngtcp2_mem_free_debug((MEM), (PTR), __func__, __FILE__, __LINE__)
+
+void *ngtcp2_mem_calloc_debug(const ngtcp2_mem *mem, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
+                              const char *func, const char *file, size_t line);
+
+#  define ngtcp2_mem_calloc(MEM, NMEMB, SIZE)                                  \
+    ngtcp2_mem_calloc_debug((MEM), (NMEMB), (SIZE), __func__, __FILE__,        \
+                            __LINE__)
+
+void *ngtcp2_mem_realloc_debug(const ngtcp2_mem *mem, void *ptr, size_t size,
+                               const char *func, const char *file, size_t line);
+
+#  define ngtcp2_mem_realloc(MEM, PTR, SIZE)                                   \
+    ngtcp2_mem_realloc_debug((MEM), (PTR), (SIZE), __func__, __FILE__, __LINE__)
+#endif /* MEMDEBUG */
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_MEM_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_net.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_net.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd73d2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_net.h
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2022 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_NET_H
+#define NGTCP2_NET_H
+
+/* This header file is explicitly allowed to be shared with
+   ngtcp2_crypto library. */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_ARPA_INET_H
+#  include <arpa/inet.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_ARPA_INET_H */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_NETINET_IN_H
+#  include <netinet/in.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_NETINET_IN_H */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_BYTESWAP_H
+#  include <byteswap.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_BYTESWAP_H */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_ENDIAN_H
+#  include <endian.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_ENDIAN_H */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_ENDIAN_H
+#  include <sys/endian.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_SYS_ENDIAN_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+#if defined(HAVE_BSWAP_64) ||                                                  \
+    (defined(HAVE_DECL_BSWAP_64) && HAVE_DECL_BSWAP_64 > 0)
+#  define ngtcp2_bswap64 bswap_64
+#else /* !HAVE_BSWAP_64 */
+#  define ngtcp2_bswap64(N)                                                    \
+    ((uint64_t)(ngtcp2_ntohl((uint32_t)(N))) << 32 |                           \
+     ngtcp2_ntohl((uint32_t)((N) >> 32)))
+#endif /* !HAVE_BSWAP_64 */
+
+#if defined(HAVE_BE64TOH) ||                                                   \
+    (defined(HAVE_DECL_BE64TOH) && HAVE_DECL_BE64TOH > 0)
+#  define ngtcp2_ntohl64(N) be64toh(N)
+#  define ngtcp2_htonl64(N) htobe64(N)
+#else /* !HAVE_BE64TOH */
+#  if defined(WORDS_BIGENDIAN)
+#    define ngtcp2_ntohl64(N) (N)
+#    define ngtcp2_htonl64(N) (N)
+#  else /* !WORDS_BIGENDIAN */
+#    define ngtcp2_ntohl64(N) ngtcp2_bswap64(N)
+#    define ngtcp2_htonl64(N) ngtcp2_bswap64(N)
+#  endif /* !WORDS_BIGENDIAN */
+#endif   /* !HAVE_BE64TOH */
+
+#if defined(WIN32)
+/* Windows requires ws2_32 library for ntonl family functions.  We
+   define inline functions for those function so that we don't have
+   dependeny on that lib. */
+
+#  ifdef _MSC_VER
+#    define STIN static __inline
+#  else
+#    define STIN static inline
+#  endif
+
+STIN uint32_t ngtcp2_htonl(uint32_t hostlong) {
+  uint32_t res;
+  unsigned char *p = (unsigned char *)&res;
+  *p++ = (unsigned char)(hostlong >> 24);
+  *p++ = (hostlong >> 16) & 0xffu;
+  *p++ = (hostlong >> 8) & 0xffu;
+  *p = hostlong & 0xffu;
+  return res;
+}
+
+STIN uint16_t ngtcp2_htons(uint16_t hostshort) {
+  uint16_t res;
+  unsigned char *p = (unsigned char *)&res;
+  *p++ = (unsigned char)(hostshort >> 8);
+  *p = hostshort & 0xffu;
+  return res;
+}
+
+STIN uint32_t ngtcp2_ntohl(uint32_t netlong) {
+  uint32_t res;
+  unsigned char *p = (unsigned char *)&netlong;
+  res = (uint32_t)(*p++ << 24);
+  res += (uint32_t)(*p++ << 16);
+  res += (uint32_t)(*p++ << 8);
+  res += *p;
+  return res;
+}
+
+STIN uint16_t ngtcp2_ntohs(uint16_t netshort) {
+  uint16_t res;
+  unsigned char *p = (unsigned char *)&netshort;
+  res = (uint16_t)(*p++ << 8);
+  res += *p;
+  return res;
+}
+
+#else /* !WIN32 */
+
+#  define ngtcp2_htonl htonl
+#  define ngtcp2_htons htons
+#  define ngtcp2_ntohl ntohl
+#  define ngtcp2_ntohs ntohs
+
+#endif /* !WIN32 */
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_NET_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_objalloc.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_objalloc.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b06cdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_objalloc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2022 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_objalloc.h"
+
+void ngtcp2_objalloc_init(ngtcp2_objalloc *objalloc, size_t blklen,
+                          const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  ngtcp2_balloc_init(&objalloc->balloc, blklen, mem);
+  ngtcp2_opl_init(&objalloc->opl);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_objalloc_free(ngtcp2_objalloc *objalloc) {
+  ngtcp2_balloc_free(&objalloc->balloc);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_objalloc_clear(ngtcp2_objalloc *objalloc) {
+  ngtcp2_opl_clear(&objalloc->opl);
+  ngtcp2_balloc_clear(&objalloc->balloc);
+}
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_objalloc.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_objalloc.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f1bbd3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_objalloc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2022 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_OBJALLOC_H
+#define NGTCP2_OBJALLOC_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_balloc.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_opl.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_macro.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_mem.h"
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_objalloc combines ngtcp2_balloc and ngtcp2_opl, and provides
+ * an object pool with the custom allocator to reduce the allocation
+ * and deallocation overheads for small objects.
+ */
+typedef struct ngtcp2_objalloc {
+  ngtcp2_balloc balloc;
+  ngtcp2_opl opl;
+} ngtcp2_objalloc;
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_objalloc_init initializes |objalloc|.  |blklen| is directly
+ * passed to ngtcp2_balloc_init.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_objalloc_init(ngtcp2_objalloc *objalloc, size_t blklen,
+                          const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_objalloc_free releases all allocated resources.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_objalloc_free(ngtcp2_objalloc *objalloc);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_objalloc_clear releases all allocated resources and
+ * initializes its state.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_objalloc_clear(ngtcp2_objalloc *objalloc);
+
+#ifndef NOMEMPOOL
+#  define ngtcp2_objalloc_def(NAME, TYPE, OPLENTFIELD)                         \
+    inline static void ngtcp2_objalloc_##NAME##_init(                          \
+        ngtcp2_objalloc *objalloc, size_t nmemb, const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {      \
+      ngtcp2_objalloc_init(                                                    \
+          objalloc, ((sizeof(TYPE) + 0xfu) & ~(uintptr_t)0xfu) * nmemb, mem);  \
+    }                                                                          \
+                                                                               \
+    inline static TYPE *ngtcp2_objalloc_##NAME##_get(                          \
+        ngtcp2_objalloc *objalloc) {                                           \
+      ngtcp2_opl_entry *oplent = ngtcp2_opl_pop(&objalloc->opl);               \
+      TYPE *obj;                                                               \
+      int rv;                                                                  \
+                                                                               \
+      if (!oplent) {                                                           \
+        rv =                                                                   \
+            ngtcp2_balloc_get(&objalloc->balloc, (void **)&obj, sizeof(TYPE)); \
+        if (rv != 0) {                                                         \
+          return NULL;                                                         \
+        }                                                                      \
+                                                                               \
+        return obj;                                                            \
+      }                                                                        \
+                                                                               \
+      return ngtcp2_struct_of(oplent, TYPE, OPLENTFIELD);                      \
+    }                                                                          \
+                                                                               \
+    inline static TYPE *ngtcp2_objalloc_##NAME##_len_get(                      \
+        ngtcp2_objalloc *objalloc, size_t len) {                               \
+      ngtcp2_opl_entry *oplent = ngtcp2_opl_pop(&objalloc->opl);               \
+      TYPE *obj;                                                               \
+      int rv;                                                                  \
+                                                                               \
+      if (!oplent) {                                                           \
+        rv = ngtcp2_balloc_get(&objalloc->balloc, (void **)&obj, len);         \
+        if (rv != 0) {                                                         \
+          return NULL;                                                         \
+        }                                                                      \
+                                                                               \
+        return obj;                                                            \
+      }                                                                        \
+                                                                               \
+      return ngtcp2_struct_of(oplent, TYPE, OPLENTFIELD);                      \
+    }                                                                          \
+                                                                               \
+    inline static void ngtcp2_objalloc_##NAME##_release(                       \
+        ngtcp2_objalloc *objalloc, TYPE *obj) {                                \
+      ngtcp2_opl_push(&objalloc->opl, &obj->OPLENTFIELD);                      \
+    }
+#else /* NOMEMPOOL */
+#  define ngtcp2_objalloc_def(NAME, TYPE, OPLENTFIELD)                         \
+    inline static void ngtcp2_objalloc_##NAME##_init(                          \
+        ngtcp2_objalloc *objalloc, size_t nmemb, const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {      \
+      ngtcp2_objalloc_init(                                                    \
+          objalloc, ((sizeof(TYPE) + 0xfu) & ~(uintptr_t)0xfu) * nmemb, mem);  \
+    }                                                                          \
+                                                                               \
+    inline static TYPE *ngtcp2_objalloc_##NAME##_get(                          \
+        ngtcp2_objalloc *objalloc) {                                           \
+      return ngtcp2_mem_malloc(objalloc->balloc.mem, sizeof(TYPE));            \
+    }                                                                          \
+                                                                               \
+    inline static TYPE *ngtcp2_objalloc_##NAME##_len_get(                      \
+        ngtcp2_objalloc *objalloc, size_t len) {                               \
+      return ngtcp2_mem_malloc(objalloc->balloc.mem, len);                     \
+    }                                                                          \
+                                                                               \
+    inline static void ngtcp2_objalloc_##NAME##_release(                       \
+        ngtcp2_objalloc *objalloc, TYPE *obj) {                                \
+      ngtcp2_mem_free(objalloc->balloc.mem, obj);                              \
+    }
+#endif /* NOMEMPOOL */
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_OBJALLOC_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_opl.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_opl.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a29361c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_opl.c
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2022 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_opl.h"
+
+void ngtcp2_opl_init(ngtcp2_opl *opl) { opl->head = NULL; }
+
+void ngtcp2_opl_push(ngtcp2_opl *opl, ngtcp2_opl_entry *ent) {
+  ent->next = opl->head;
+  opl->head = ent;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_opl_entry *ngtcp2_opl_pop(ngtcp2_opl *opl) {
+  ngtcp2_opl_entry *ent = opl->head;
+
+  if (!ent) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  opl->head = ent->next;
+
+  return ent;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_opl_clear(ngtcp2_opl *opl) { opl->head = NULL; }
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_opl.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_opl.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..714aa36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_opl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2022 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_OPL_H
+#define NGTCP2_OPL_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_opl_entry ngtcp2_opl_entry;
+
+struct ngtcp2_opl_entry {
+  ngtcp2_opl_entry *next;
+};
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_opl is an object memory pool.
+ */
+typedef struct ngtcp2_opl {
+  ngtcp2_opl_entry *head;
+} ngtcp2_opl;
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_opl_init initializes |opl|.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_opl_init(ngtcp2_opl *opl);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_opl_push inserts |ent| to |opl| head.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_opl_push(ngtcp2_opl *opl, ngtcp2_opl_entry *ent);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_opl_pop removes the first ngtcp2_opl_entry from |opl| and
+ * returns it.  If |opl| does not have any entry, it returns NULL.
+ */
+ngtcp2_opl_entry *ngtcp2_opl_pop(ngtcp2_opl *opl);
+
+void ngtcp2_opl_clear(ngtcp2_opl *opl);
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_OPL_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_path.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_path.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8323873
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_path.c
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_path.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_addr.h"
+
+void ngtcp2_path_init(ngtcp2_path *path, const ngtcp2_addr *local,
+                      const ngtcp2_addr *remote) {
+  path->local = *local;
+  path->remote = *remote;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_path_copy(ngtcp2_path *dest, const ngtcp2_path *src) {
+  ngtcp2_addr_copy(&dest->local, &src->local);
+  ngtcp2_addr_copy(&dest->remote, &src->remote);
+  dest->user_data = src->user_data;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_path_eq(const ngtcp2_path *a, const ngtcp2_path *b) {
+  return ngtcp2_addr_eq(&a->local, &b->local) &&
+         ngtcp2_addr_eq(&a->remote, &b->remote);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_path_storage_init(ngtcp2_path_storage *ps,
+                              const ngtcp2_sockaddr *local_addr,
+                              ngtcp2_socklen local_addrlen,
+                              const ngtcp2_sockaddr *remote_addr,
+                              ngtcp2_socklen remote_addrlen, void *user_data) {
+  ngtcp2_addr_init(&ps->path.local, (const ngtcp2_sockaddr *)&ps->local_addrbuf,
+                   0);
+  ngtcp2_addr_init(&ps->path.remote,
+                   (const ngtcp2_sockaddr *)&ps->remote_addrbuf, 0);
+
+  ngtcp2_addr_copy_byte(&ps->path.local, local_addr, local_addrlen);
+  ngtcp2_addr_copy_byte(&ps->path.remote, remote_addr, remote_addrlen);
+
+  ps->path.user_data = user_data;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_path_storage_init2(ngtcp2_path_storage *ps,
+                               const ngtcp2_path *path) {
+  ngtcp2_path_storage_init(ps, path->local.addr, path->local.addrlen,
+                           path->remote.addr, path->remote.addrlen,
+                           path->user_data);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_path_storage_zero(ngtcp2_path_storage *ps) {
+  ngtcp2_addr_init(&ps->path.local, (const ngtcp2_sockaddr *)&ps->local_addrbuf,
+                   0);
+  ngtcp2_addr_init(&ps->path.remote,
+                   (const ngtcp2_sockaddr *)&ps->remote_addrbuf, 0);
+  ps->path.user_data = NULL;
+}
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_path.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_path.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c360e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_path.h
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_PATH_H
+#define NGTCP2_PATH_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_path_init initializes |path| with the given addresses.  Note
+ * that the buffer pointed by local->addr and remote->addr are not
+ * copied.  Their pointer values are assigned instead.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_path_init(ngtcp2_path *path, const ngtcp2_addr *local,
+                      const ngtcp2_addr *remote);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_path_storage_init2 initializes |ps| using |path| as initial
+ * data.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_path_storage_init2(ngtcp2_path_storage *ps,
+                               const ngtcp2_path *path);
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_PATH_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_pkt.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_pkt.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ca63b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_pkt.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2527 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_pkt.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_conv.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_str.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_macro.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_cid.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_mem.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_vec.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_unreachable.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_str.h"
+
+int ngtcp2_pkt_chain_new(ngtcp2_pkt_chain **ppc, const ngtcp2_path *path,
+                         const ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi, const uint8_t *pkt,
+                         size_t pktlen, size_t dgramlen, ngtcp2_tstamp ts,
+                         const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  *ppc = ngtcp2_mem_malloc(mem, sizeof(ngtcp2_pkt_chain) + pktlen);
+  if (*ppc == NULL) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_path_storage_init2(&(*ppc)->path, path);
+  (*ppc)->pi = *pi;
+  (*ppc)->next = NULL;
+  (*ppc)->pkt = (uint8_t *)(*ppc) + sizeof(ngtcp2_pkt_chain);
+  (*ppc)->pktlen = pktlen;
+  (*ppc)->dgramlen = dgramlen;
+  (*ppc)->ts = ts;
+
+  memcpy((*ppc)->pkt, pkt, pktlen);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_pkt_chain_del(ngtcp2_pkt_chain *pc, const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  ngtcp2_mem_free(mem, pc);
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_pkt_decode_version_cid(ngtcp2_version_cid *dest, const uint8_t *data,
+                                  size_t datalen, size_t short_dcidlen) {
+  size_t len;
+  uint32_t version;
+  size_t dcidlen, scidlen;
+  int supported_version;
+
+  assert(datalen);
+
+  if (data[0] & NGTCP2_HEADER_FORM_BIT) {
+    /* 1 byte (Header Form, Fixed Bit, Long Packet Type, Type-Specific bits)
+     * 4 bytes Version
+     * 1 byte DCID Length
+     * 1 byte SCID Length
+     */
+    len = 1 + 4 + 1 + 1;
+    if (datalen < len) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+    }
+
+    dcidlen = data[5];
+    len += dcidlen;
+    if (datalen < len) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+    }
+    scidlen = data[5 + 1 + dcidlen];
+    len += scidlen;
+    if (datalen < len) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+    }
+
+    ngtcp2_get_uint32(&version, &data[1]);
+
+    supported_version = ngtcp2_is_supported_version(version);
+
+    if (supported_version &&
+        (dcidlen > NGTCP2_MAX_CIDLEN || scidlen > NGTCP2_MAX_CIDLEN)) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+    }
+
+    if (version && !supported_version &&
+        datalen < NGTCP2_MAX_UDP_PAYLOAD_SIZE) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+    }
+
+    dest->version = version;
+    dest->dcid = &data[6];
+    dest->dcidlen = dcidlen;
+    dest->scid = &data[6 + dcidlen + 1];
+    dest->scidlen = scidlen;
+
+    if (!version) {
+      /* VN */
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (!supported_version) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_VERSION_NEGOTIATION;
+    }
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  assert(short_dcidlen <= NGTCP2_MAX_CIDLEN);
+
+  len = 1 + short_dcidlen;
+  if (datalen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+
+  dest->version = 0;
+  dest->dcid = &data[1];
+  dest->dcidlen = short_dcidlen;
+  dest->scid = NULL;
+  dest->scidlen = 0;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_pkt_hd_init(ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd, uint8_t flags, uint8_t type,
+                        const ngtcp2_cid *dcid, const ngtcp2_cid *scid,
+                        int64_t pkt_num, size_t pkt_numlen, uint32_t version,
+                        size_t len) {
+  hd->flags = flags;
+  hd->type = type;
+  if (dcid) {
+    hd->dcid = *dcid;
+  } else {
+    ngtcp2_cid_zero(&hd->dcid);
+  }
+  if (scid) {
+    hd->scid = *scid;
+  } else {
+    ngtcp2_cid_zero(&hd->scid);
+  }
+  hd->pkt_num = pkt_num;
+  hd->token = NULL;
+  hd->tokenlen = 0;
+  hd->pkt_numlen = pkt_numlen;
+  hd->version = version;
+  hd->len = len;
+}
+
+static int has_mask(uint8_t b, uint8_t mask) { return (b & mask) == mask; }
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_hd_long(ngtcp2_pkt_hd *dest, const uint8_t *pkt,
+                                       size_t pktlen) {
+  uint8_t type;
+  uint32_t version;
+  size_t dcil, scil;
+  const uint8_t *p;
+  size_t len = 0;
+  size_t n;
+  size_t ntokenlen = 0;
+  const uint8_t *token = NULL;
+  size_t tokenlen = 0;
+  uint64_t vi;
+  uint8_t flags = NGTCP2_PKT_FLAG_LONG_FORM;
+
+  if (pktlen < 5) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+
+  if (!(pkt[0] & NGTCP2_HEADER_FORM_BIT)) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_get_uint32(&version, &pkt[1]);
+
+  if (version == 0) {
+    type = NGTCP2_PKT_VERSION_NEGOTIATION;
+    /* Version Negotiation is not a long header packet. */
+    flags = NGTCP2_PKT_FLAG_NONE;
+    /* This must be Version Negotiation packet which lacks packet
+       number and payload length fields. */
+    len = 5 + 2;
+  } else {
+    if (!(pkt[0] & NGTCP2_FIXED_BIT_MASK)) {
+      flags |= NGTCP2_PKT_FLAG_FIXED_BIT_CLEAR;
+    }
+
+    type = ngtcp2_pkt_get_type_long(version, pkt[0]);
+    switch (type) {
+    case 0:
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+    case NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL:
+      len = 1 /* Token Length */ + NGTCP2_MIN_LONG_HEADERLEN -
+            1; /* Cut packet number field */
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_PKT_RETRY:
+      /* Retry packet does not have packet number and length fields */
+      len = 5 + 2;
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_PKT_HANDSHAKE:
+    case NGTCP2_PKT_0RTT:
+      len = NGTCP2_MIN_LONG_HEADERLEN - 1; /* Cut packet number field */
+      break;
+    default:
+      /* Unreachable */
+      ngtcp2_unreachable();
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (pktlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+
+  p = &pkt[5];
+  dcil = *p;
+  if (dcil > NGTCP2_MAX_CIDLEN) {
+    /* QUIC v1 implementation never expect to receive CID length more
+       than NGTCP2_MAX_CIDLEN. */
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+  len += dcil;
+
+  if (pktlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+
+  p += 1 + dcil;
+  scil = *p;
+  if (scil > NGTCP2_MAX_CIDLEN) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+  len += scil;
+
+  if (pktlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+
+  p += 1 + scil;
+
+  if (type == NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL) {
+    /* Token Length */
+    ntokenlen = ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+    len += ntokenlen - 1;
+
+    if (pktlen < len) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+    }
+
+    p = ngtcp2_get_uvarint(&vi, p);
+    if (pktlen - len < vi) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+    }
+    tokenlen = (size_t)vi;
+    len += tokenlen;
+
+    if (tokenlen) {
+      token = p;
+    }
+
+    p += tokenlen;
+  }
+
+  switch (type) {
+  case NGTCP2_PKT_RETRY:
+    break;
+  default:
+    if (!(flags & NGTCP2_PKT_FLAG_LONG_FORM)) {
+      assert(type == NGTCP2_PKT_VERSION_NEGOTIATION);
+      /* Version Negotiation is not a long header packet. */
+      break;
+    }
+
+    /* Length */
+    n = ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+    len += n - 1;
+
+    if (pktlen < len) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+    }
+  }
+
+  dest->flags = flags;
+  dest->type = type;
+  dest->version = version;
+  dest->pkt_num = 0;
+  dest->pkt_numlen = 0;
+
+  p = &pkt[6];
+  ngtcp2_cid_init(&dest->dcid, p, dcil);
+  p += dcil + 1;
+  ngtcp2_cid_init(&dest->scid, p, scil);
+  p += scil;
+
+  dest->token = token;
+  dest->tokenlen = tokenlen;
+  p += ntokenlen + tokenlen;
+
+  switch (type) {
+  case NGTCP2_PKT_RETRY:
+    dest->len = 0;
+    break;
+  default:
+    if (!(flags & NGTCP2_PKT_FLAG_LONG_FORM)) {
+      assert(type == NGTCP2_PKT_VERSION_NEGOTIATION);
+      /* Version Negotiation is not a long header packet. */
+      dest->len = 0;
+      break;
+    }
+
+    p = ngtcp2_get_uvarint(&vi, p);
+    if (vi > SIZE_MAX) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+    }
+    dest->len = (size_t)vi;
+  }
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - pkt) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_hd_short(ngtcp2_pkt_hd *dest, const uint8_t *pkt,
+                                        size_t pktlen, size_t dcidlen) {
+  size_t len = 1 + dcidlen;
+  const uint8_t *p = pkt;
+  uint8_t flags = NGTCP2_PKT_FLAG_NONE;
+
+  assert(dcidlen <= NGTCP2_MAX_CIDLEN);
+
+  if (pktlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+
+  if (pkt[0] & NGTCP2_HEADER_FORM_BIT) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+
+  if (!(pkt[0] & NGTCP2_FIXED_BIT_MASK)) {
+    flags |= NGTCP2_PKT_FLAG_FIXED_BIT_CLEAR;
+  }
+
+  p = &pkt[1];
+
+  dest->type = NGTCP2_PKT_1RTT;
+
+  ngtcp2_cid_init(&dest->dcid, p, dcidlen);
+  p += dcidlen;
+
+  /* Set 0 to SCID so that we don't accidentally reference it and gets
+     garbage. */
+  ngtcp2_cid_zero(&dest->scid);
+
+  dest->flags = flags;
+  dest->version = 0;
+  dest->len = 0;
+  dest->pkt_num = 0;
+  dest->pkt_numlen = 0;
+  dest->token = NULL;
+  dest->tokenlen = 0;
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - pkt) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_encode_hd_long(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                       const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd) {
+  uint8_t *p;
+  size_t len = NGTCP2_MIN_LONG_HEADERLEN + hd->dcid.datalen + hd->scid.datalen -
+               2; /* NGTCP2_MIN_LONG_HEADERLEN includes 1 byte for
+                     len and 1 byte for packet number. */
+
+  if (hd->type != NGTCP2_PKT_RETRY) {
+    len += NGTCP2_PKT_LENGTHLEN /* Length */ + hd->pkt_numlen;
+  }
+
+  if (hd->type == NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL) {
+    len += ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(hd->tokenlen) + hd->tokenlen;
+  }
+
+  if (outlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF;
+  }
+
+  p = out;
+
+  *p = (uint8_t)(NGTCP2_HEADER_FORM_BIT |
+                 (ngtcp2_pkt_versioned_type(hd->version, hd->type) << 4) |
+                 (uint8_t)(hd->pkt_numlen - 1));
+  if (!(hd->flags & NGTCP2_PKT_FLAG_FIXED_BIT_CLEAR)) {
+    *p |= NGTCP2_FIXED_BIT_MASK;
+  }
+
+  ++p;
+
+  p = ngtcp2_put_uint32be(p, hd->version);
+  *p++ = (uint8_t)hd->dcid.datalen;
+  if (hd->dcid.datalen) {
+    p = ngtcp2_cpymem(p, hd->dcid.data, hd->dcid.datalen);
+  }
+  *p++ = (uint8_t)hd->scid.datalen;
+  if (hd->scid.datalen) {
+    p = ngtcp2_cpymem(p, hd->scid.data, hd->scid.datalen);
+  }
+
+  if (hd->type == NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL) {
+    p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, hd->tokenlen);
+    if (hd->tokenlen) {
+      p = ngtcp2_cpymem(p, hd->token, hd->tokenlen);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (hd->type != NGTCP2_PKT_RETRY) {
+    p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint30(p, (uint32_t)hd->len);
+    p = ngtcp2_put_pkt_num(p, hd->pkt_num, hd->pkt_numlen);
+  }
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - out) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_encode_hd_short(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                        const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd) {
+  uint8_t *p;
+  size_t len = 1 + hd->dcid.datalen + hd->pkt_numlen;
+
+  if (outlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF;
+  }
+
+  p = out;
+
+  *p = (uint8_t)(hd->pkt_numlen - 1);
+  if (!(hd->flags & NGTCP2_PKT_FLAG_FIXED_BIT_CLEAR)) {
+    *p |= NGTCP2_FIXED_BIT_MASK;
+  }
+  if (hd->flags & NGTCP2_PKT_FLAG_KEY_PHASE) {
+    *p |= NGTCP2_SHORT_KEY_PHASE_BIT;
+  }
+
+  ++p;
+
+  if (hd->dcid.datalen) {
+    p = ngtcp2_cpymem(p, hd->dcid.data, hd->dcid.datalen);
+  }
+
+  p = ngtcp2_put_pkt_num(p, hd->pkt_num, hd->pkt_numlen);
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - out) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_frame(ngtcp2_frame *dest, const uint8_t *payload,
+                                     size_t payloadlen) {
+  uint8_t type;
+
+  if (payloadlen == 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  type = payload[0];
+
+  switch (type) {
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_PADDING:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_decode_padding_frame(&dest->padding, payload, payloadlen);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_RESET_STREAM:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_decode_reset_stream_frame(&dest->reset_stream, payload,
+                                                payloadlen);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_CONNECTION_CLOSE:
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_CONNECTION_CLOSE_APP:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_decode_connection_close_frame(&dest->connection_close,
+                                                    payload, payloadlen);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_DATA:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_decode_max_data_frame(&dest->max_data, payload,
+                                            payloadlen);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_STREAM_DATA:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_decode_max_stream_data_frame(&dest->max_stream_data,
+                                                   payload, payloadlen);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_STREAMS_BIDI:
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_STREAMS_UNI:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_decode_max_streams_frame(&dest->max_streams, payload,
+                                               payloadlen);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_PING:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_decode_ping_frame(&dest->ping, payload, payloadlen);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_DATA_BLOCKED:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_decode_data_blocked_frame(&dest->data_blocked, payload,
+                                                payloadlen);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAM_DATA_BLOCKED:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_decode_stream_data_blocked_frame(
+        &dest->stream_data_blocked, payload, payloadlen);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAMS_BLOCKED_BIDI:
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAMS_BLOCKED_UNI:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_decode_streams_blocked_frame(&dest->streams_blocked,
+                                                   payload, payloadlen);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_NEW_CONNECTION_ID:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_decode_new_connection_id_frame(&dest->new_connection_id,
+                                                     payload, payloadlen);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_STOP_SENDING:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_decode_stop_sending_frame(&dest->stop_sending, payload,
+                                                payloadlen);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK:
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK_ECN:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_decode_ack_frame(&dest->ack, payload, payloadlen);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_PATH_CHALLENGE:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_decode_path_challenge_frame(&dest->path_challenge,
+                                                  payload, payloadlen);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_PATH_RESPONSE:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_decode_path_response_frame(&dest->path_response, payload,
+                                                 payloadlen);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_CRYPTO:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_decode_crypto_frame(&dest->crypto, payload, payloadlen);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_NEW_TOKEN:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_decode_new_token_frame(&dest->new_token, payload,
+                                             payloadlen);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_RETIRE_CONNECTION_ID:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_decode_retire_connection_id_frame(
+        &dest->retire_connection_id, payload, payloadlen);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_HANDSHAKE_DONE:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_decode_handshake_done_frame(&dest->handshake_done,
+                                                  payload, payloadlen);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_DATAGRAM:
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_DATAGRAM_LEN:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_decode_datagram_frame(&dest->datagram, payload,
+                                            payloadlen);
+  default:
+    if (has_mask(type, NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAM)) {
+      return ngtcp2_pkt_decode_stream_frame(&dest->stream, payload, payloadlen);
+    }
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_stream_frame(ngtcp2_stream *dest,
+                                            const uint8_t *payload,
+                                            size_t payloadlen) {
+  uint8_t type;
+  size_t len = 1 + 1;
+  const uint8_t *p;
+  size_t datalen;
+  size_t ndatalen = 0;
+  size_t n;
+  uint64_t vi;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  type = payload[0];
+
+  p = payload + 1;
+
+  n = ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+  len += n - 1;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  p += n;
+
+  if (type & NGTCP2_STREAM_OFF_BIT) {
+    ++len;
+    if (payloadlen < len) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+    }
+
+    n = ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+    len += n - 1;
+
+    if (payloadlen < len) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+    }
+
+    p += n;
+  }
+
+  if (type & NGTCP2_STREAM_LEN_BIT) {
+    ++len;
+    if (payloadlen < len) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+    }
+
+    ndatalen = ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+    len += ndatalen - 1;
+
+    if (payloadlen < len) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+    }
+
+    /* p = */ ngtcp2_get_uvarint(&vi, p);
+    if (payloadlen - len < vi) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+    }
+    datalen = (size_t)vi;
+    len += datalen;
+  } else {
+    len = payloadlen;
+  }
+
+  p = payload + 1;
+
+  dest->type = NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAM;
+  dest->flags = (uint8_t)(type & ~NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAM);
+  dest->fin = (type & NGTCP2_STREAM_FIN_BIT) != 0;
+  p = ngtcp2_get_varint(&dest->stream_id, p);
+
+  if (type & NGTCP2_STREAM_OFF_BIT) {
+    p = ngtcp2_get_uvarint(&dest->offset, p);
+  } else {
+    dest->offset = 0;
+  }
+
+  if (type & NGTCP2_STREAM_LEN_BIT) {
+    p += ndatalen;
+  } else {
+    datalen = payloadlen - (size_t)(p - payload);
+  }
+
+  if (datalen) {
+    dest->data[0].len = datalen;
+    dest->data[0].base = (uint8_t *)p;
+    dest->datacnt = 1;
+    p += datalen;
+  } else {
+    dest->datacnt = 0;
+  }
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - payload) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_ack_frame(ngtcp2_ack *dest,
+                                         const uint8_t *payload,
+                                         size_t payloadlen) {
+  size_t rangecnt, max_rangecnt;
+  size_t nrangecnt;
+  size_t len = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1;
+  const uint8_t *p;
+  size_t i, j;
+  ngtcp2_ack_range *range;
+  size_t n;
+  uint8_t type;
+  uint64_t vi;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  type = payload[0];
+
+  p = payload + 1;
+
+  /* Largest Acknowledged */
+  n = ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+  len += n - 1;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  p += n;
+
+  /* ACK Delay */
+  n = ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+  len += n - 1;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  p += n;
+
+  /* ACK Range Count */
+  nrangecnt = ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+  len += nrangecnt - 1;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  p = ngtcp2_get_uvarint(&vi, p);
+  if (vi > SIZE_MAX / (1 + 1) || payloadlen - len < vi * (1 + 1)) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  rangecnt = (size_t)vi;
+  len += rangecnt * (1 + 1);
+
+  /* First ACK Range */
+  n = ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+  len += n - 1;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  p += n;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < rangecnt; ++i) {
+    /* Gap, and Additional ACK Range */
+    for (j = 0; j < 2; ++j) {
+      n = ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+      len += n - 1;
+
+      if (payloadlen < len) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+      }
+
+      p += n;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (type == NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK_ECN) {
+    len += 3;
+    if (payloadlen < len) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+      n = ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+      len += n - 1;
+
+      if (payloadlen < len) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+      }
+
+      p += n;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* TODO We might not decode all ranges.  It could be very large. */
+  max_rangecnt = ngtcp2_min(NGTCP2_MAX_ACK_RANGES, rangecnt);
+
+  p = payload + 1;
+
+  dest->type = type;
+  p = ngtcp2_get_varint(&dest->largest_ack, p);
+  p = ngtcp2_get_uvarint(&dest->ack_delay, p);
+  /* This value will be assigned in the upper layer. */
+  dest->ack_delay_unscaled = 0;
+  dest->rangecnt = max_rangecnt;
+  p += nrangecnt;
+  p = ngtcp2_get_uvarint(&dest->first_ack_range, p);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < max_rangecnt; ++i) {
+    range = &dest->ranges[i];
+    p = ngtcp2_get_uvarint(&range->gap, p);
+    p = ngtcp2_get_uvarint(&range->len, p);
+  }
+  for (i = max_rangecnt; i < rangecnt; ++i) {
+    p += ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+    p += ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+  }
+
+  if (type == NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK_ECN) {
+    p = ngtcp2_get_uvarint(&dest->ecn.ect0, p);
+    p = ngtcp2_get_uvarint(&dest->ecn.ect1, p);
+    p = ngtcp2_get_uvarint(&dest->ecn.ce, p);
+  }
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - payload) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_padding_frame(ngtcp2_padding *dest,
+                                             const uint8_t *payload,
+                                             size_t payloadlen) {
+  const uint8_t *p, *ep;
+
+  assert(payloadlen > 0);
+
+  p = payload + 1;
+  ep = payload + payloadlen;
+
+  for (; p != ep && *p == NGTCP2_FRAME_PADDING; ++p)
+    ;
+
+  dest->type = NGTCP2_FRAME_PADDING;
+  dest->len = (size_t)(p - payload);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)dest->len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_reset_stream_frame(ngtcp2_reset_stream *dest,
+                                                  const uint8_t *payload,
+                                                  size_t payloadlen) {
+  size_t len = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1;
+  const uint8_t *p;
+  size_t n;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  p = payload + 1;
+
+  n = ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+  len += n - 1;
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+  p += n;
+  n = ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+  len += n - 1;
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+  p += n;
+  n = ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+  len += n - 1;
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  p = payload + 1;
+
+  dest->type = NGTCP2_FRAME_RESET_STREAM;
+  p = ngtcp2_get_varint(&dest->stream_id, p);
+  p = ngtcp2_get_uvarint(&dest->app_error_code, p);
+  p = ngtcp2_get_uvarint(&dest->final_size, p);
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - payload) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_connection_close_frame(
+    ngtcp2_connection_close *dest, const uint8_t *payload, size_t payloadlen) {
+  size_t len = 1 + 1 + 1;
+  const uint8_t *p;
+  size_t reasonlen;
+  size_t nreasonlen;
+  size_t n;
+  uint8_t type;
+  uint64_t vi;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  type = payload[0];
+
+  p = payload + 1;
+
+  n = ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+  len += n - 1;
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  p += n;
+
+  if (type == NGTCP2_FRAME_CONNECTION_CLOSE) {
+    ++len;
+
+    n = ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+    len += n - 1;
+    if (payloadlen < len) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+    }
+
+    p += n;
+  }
+
+  nreasonlen = ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+  len += nreasonlen - 1;
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  p = ngtcp2_get_uvarint(&vi, p);
+  if (payloadlen - len < vi) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+  reasonlen = (size_t)vi;
+  len += reasonlen;
+
+  p = payload + 1;
+
+  dest->type = type;
+  p = ngtcp2_get_uvarint(&dest->error_code, p);
+  if (type == NGTCP2_FRAME_CONNECTION_CLOSE) {
+    p = ngtcp2_get_uvarint(&dest->frame_type, p);
+  } else {
+    dest->frame_type = 0;
+  }
+  dest->reasonlen = reasonlen;
+  p += nreasonlen;
+  if (reasonlen == 0) {
+    dest->reason = NULL;
+  } else {
+    dest->reason = (uint8_t *)p;
+    p += reasonlen;
+  }
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - payload) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_max_data_frame(ngtcp2_max_data *dest,
+                                              const uint8_t *payload,
+                                              size_t payloadlen) {
+  size_t len = 1 + 1;
+  const uint8_t *p;
+  size_t n;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  p = payload + 1;
+
+  n = ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+  len += n - 1;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  dest->type = NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_DATA;
+  p = ngtcp2_get_uvarint(&dest->max_data, p);
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - payload) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_max_stream_data_frame(
+    ngtcp2_max_stream_data *dest, const uint8_t *payload, size_t payloadlen) {
+  size_t len = 1 + 1 + 1;
+  const uint8_t *p;
+  size_t n;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  p = payload + 1;
+
+  n = ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+  len += n - 1;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  p += n;
+
+  n = ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+  len += n - 1;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  p = payload + 1;
+
+  dest->type = NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_STREAM_DATA;
+  p = ngtcp2_get_varint(&dest->stream_id, p);
+  p = ngtcp2_get_uvarint(&dest->max_stream_data, p);
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - payload) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_max_streams_frame(ngtcp2_max_streams *dest,
+                                                 const uint8_t *payload,
+                                                 size_t payloadlen) {
+  size_t len = 1 + 1;
+  const uint8_t *p;
+  size_t n;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  p = payload + 1;
+
+  n = ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+  len += n - 1;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  dest->type = payload[0];
+  p = ngtcp2_get_uvarint(&dest->max_streams, p);
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - payload) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_ping_frame(ngtcp2_ping *dest,
+                                          const uint8_t *payload,
+                                          size_t payloadlen) {
+  (void)payload;
+  (void)payloadlen;
+
+  dest->type = NGTCP2_FRAME_PING;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_data_blocked_frame(ngtcp2_data_blocked *dest,
+                                                  const uint8_t *payload,
+                                                  size_t payloadlen) {
+  size_t len = 1 + 1;
+  const uint8_t *p;
+  size_t n;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  p = payload + 1;
+
+  n = ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+  len += n - 1;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  dest->type = NGTCP2_FRAME_DATA_BLOCKED;
+  p = ngtcp2_get_uvarint(&dest->offset, p);
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - payload) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize
+ngtcp2_pkt_decode_stream_data_blocked_frame(ngtcp2_stream_data_blocked *dest,
+                                            const uint8_t *payload,
+                                            size_t payloadlen) {
+  size_t len = 1 + 1 + 1;
+  const uint8_t *p;
+  size_t n;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  p = payload + 1;
+
+  n = ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+  len += n - 1;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  p += n;
+
+  n = ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+  len += n - 1;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  p = payload + 1;
+
+  dest->type = NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAM_DATA_BLOCKED;
+  p = ngtcp2_get_varint(&dest->stream_id, p);
+  p = ngtcp2_get_uvarint(&dest->offset, p);
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - payload) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_streams_blocked_frame(
+    ngtcp2_streams_blocked *dest, const uint8_t *payload, size_t payloadlen) {
+  size_t len = 1 + 1;
+  const uint8_t *p;
+  size_t n;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  p = payload + 1;
+
+  n = ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+  len += n - 1;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  dest->type = payload[0];
+  p = ngtcp2_get_uvarint(&dest->max_streams, p);
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - payload) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_new_connection_id_frame(
+    ngtcp2_new_connection_id *dest, const uint8_t *payload, size_t payloadlen) {
+  size_t len = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 16;
+  const uint8_t *p;
+  size_t n;
+  size_t cil;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  p = payload + 1;
+
+  n = ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+  len += n - 1;
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  p += n;
+
+  n = ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+  len += n - 1;
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  p += n;
+
+  cil = *p;
+  if (cil < NGTCP2_MIN_CIDLEN || cil > NGTCP2_MAX_CIDLEN) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  len += cil;
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  p = payload + 1;
+
+  dest->type = NGTCP2_FRAME_NEW_CONNECTION_ID;
+  p = ngtcp2_get_uvarint(&dest->seq, p);
+  p = ngtcp2_get_uvarint(&dest->retire_prior_to, p);
+  ++p;
+  ngtcp2_cid_init(&dest->cid, p, cil);
+  p += cil;
+  p = ngtcp2_get_bytes(dest->stateless_reset_token, p,
+                       NGTCP2_STATELESS_RESET_TOKENLEN);
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - payload) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_stop_sending_frame(ngtcp2_stop_sending *dest,
+                                                  const uint8_t *payload,
+                                                  size_t payloadlen) {
+  size_t len = 1 + 1 + 1;
+  const uint8_t *p;
+  size_t n;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  p = payload + 1;
+
+  n = ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+  len += n - 1;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+  p += n;
+  n = ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+  len += n - 1;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  p = payload + 1;
+
+  dest->type = NGTCP2_FRAME_STOP_SENDING;
+  p = ngtcp2_get_varint(&dest->stream_id, p);
+  p = ngtcp2_get_uvarint(&dest->app_error_code, p);
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - payload) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_path_challenge_frame(ngtcp2_path_challenge *dest,
+                                                    const uint8_t *payload,
+                                                    size_t payloadlen) {
+  size_t len = 1 + 8;
+  const uint8_t *p;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  p = payload + 1;
+
+  dest->type = NGTCP2_FRAME_PATH_CHALLENGE;
+  ngtcp2_cpymem(dest->data, p, sizeof(dest->data));
+  p += sizeof(dest->data);
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - payload) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_path_response_frame(ngtcp2_path_response *dest,
+                                                   const uint8_t *payload,
+                                                   size_t payloadlen) {
+  size_t len = 1 + 8;
+  const uint8_t *p;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  p = payload + 1;
+
+  dest->type = NGTCP2_FRAME_PATH_RESPONSE;
+  ngtcp2_cpymem(dest->data, p, sizeof(dest->data));
+  p += sizeof(dest->data);
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - payload) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_crypto_frame(ngtcp2_crypto *dest,
+                                            const uint8_t *payload,
+                                            size_t payloadlen) {
+  size_t len = 1 + 1 + 1;
+  const uint8_t *p;
+  size_t datalen;
+  size_t ndatalen;
+  size_t n;
+  uint64_t vi;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  p = payload + 1;
+
+  n = ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+  len += n - 1;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  p += n;
+
+  ndatalen = ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+  len += ndatalen - 1;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  p = ngtcp2_get_uvarint(&vi, p);
+  if (payloadlen - len < vi) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  datalen = (size_t)vi;
+  len += datalen;
+
+  p = payload + 1;
+
+  dest->type = NGTCP2_FRAME_CRYPTO;
+  p = ngtcp2_get_uvarint(&dest->offset, p);
+  dest->data[0].len = datalen;
+  p += ndatalen;
+  if (dest->data[0].len) {
+    dest->data[0].base = (uint8_t *)p;
+    p += dest->data[0].len;
+    dest->datacnt = 1;
+  } else {
+    dest->data[0].base = NULL;
+    dest->datacnt = 0;
+  }
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - payload) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_new_token_frame(ngtcp2_new_token *dest,
+                                               const uint8_t *payload,
+                                               size_t payloadlen) {
+  size_t len = 1 + 1;
+  const uint8_t *p;
+  size_t n;
+  size_t datalen;
+  uint64_t vi;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  p = payload + 1;
+
+  n = ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+  len += n - 1;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  p = ngtcp2_get_uvarint(&vi, p);
+  if (payloadlen - len < vi) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+  datalen = (size_t)vi;
+  len += datalen;
+
+  dest->type = NGTCP2_FRAME_NEW_TOKEN;
+  dest->tokenlen = datalen;
+  dest->token = (uint8_t *)p;
+  p += dest->tokenlen;
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - payload) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize
+ngtcp2_pkt_decode_retire_connection_id_frame(ngtcp2_retire_connection_id *dest,
+                                             const uint8_t *payload,
+                                             size_t payloadlen) {
+  size_t len = 1 + 1;
+  const uint8_t *p;
+  size_t n;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  p = payload + 1;
+
+  n = ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+  len += n - 1;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  dest->type = NGTCP2_FRAME_RETIRE_CONNECTION_ID;
+  p = ngtcp2_get_uvarint(&dest->seq, p);
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - payload) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_handshake_done_frame(ngtcp2_handshake_done *dest,
+                                                    const uint8_t *payload,
+                                                    size_t payloadlen) {
+  (void)payload;
+  (void)payloadlen;
+
+  dest->type = NGTCP2_FRAME_HANDSHAKE_DONE;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_datagram_frame(ngtcp2_datagram *dest,
+                                              const uint8_t *payload,
+                                              size_t payloadlen) {
+  size_t len = 1;
+  const uint8_t *p;
+  uint8_t type;
+  size_t datalen;
+  size_t n;
+  uint64_t vi;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+  }
+
+  type = payload[0];
+
+  p = payload + 1;
+
+  switch (type) {
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_DATAGRAM:
+    datalen = payloadlen - 1;
+    len = payloadlen;
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_DATAGRAM_LEN:
+    ++len;
+    if (payloadlen < len) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+    }
+
+    n = ngtcp2_get_uvarintlen(p);
+    len += n - 1;
+
+    if (payloadlen < len) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+    }
+
+    p = ngtcp2_get_uvarint(&vi, p);
+    if (payloadlen - len < vi) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING;
+    }
+
+    datalen = (size_t)vi;
+    len += datalen;
+    break;
+  default:
+    ngtcp2_unreachable();
+  }
+
+  dest->type = type;
+
+  if (datalen == 0) {
+    dest->datacnt = 0;
+    dest->data = NULL;
+  } else {
+    dest->datacnt = 1;
+    dest->data = dest->rdata;
+    dest->rdata[0].len = datalen;
+
+    dest->rdata[0].base = (uint8_t *)p;
+    p += datalen;
+  }
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - payload) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_encode_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                     ngtcp2_frame *fr) {
+  switch (fr->type) {
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAM:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_encode_stream_frame(out, outlen, &fr->stream);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK:
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK_ECN:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_encode_ack_frame(out, outlen, &fr->ack);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_PADDING:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_encode_padding_frame(out, outlen, &fr->padding);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_RESET_STREAM:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_encode_reset_stream_frame(out, outlen, &fr->reset_stream);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_CONNECTION_CLOSE:
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_CONNECTION_CLOSE_APP:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_encode_connection_close_frame(out, outlen,
+                                                    &fr->connection_close);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_DATA:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_encode_max_data_frame(out, outlen, &fr->max_data);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_STREAM_DATA:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_encode_max_stream_data_frame(out, outlen,
+                                                   &fr->max_stream_data);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_STREAMS_BIDI:
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_STREAMS_UNI:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_encode_max_streams_frame(out, outlen, &fr->max_streams);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_PING:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_encode_ping_frame(out, outlen, &fr->ping);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_DATA_BLOCKED:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_encode_data_blocked_frame(out, outlen, &fr->data_blocked);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAM_DATA_BLOCKED:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_encode_stream_data_blocked_frame(
+        out, outlen, &fr->stream_data_blocked);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAMS_BLOCKED_BIDI:
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAMS_BLOCKED_UNI:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_encode_streams_blocked_frame(out, outlen,
+                                                   &fr->streams_blocked);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_NEW_CONNECTION_ID:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_encode_new_connection_id_frame(out, outlen,
+                                                     &fr->new_connection_id);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_STOP_SENDING:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_encode_stop_sending_frame(out, outlen, &fr->stop_sending);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_PATH_CHALLENGE:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_encode_path_challenge_frame(out, outlen,
+                                                  &fr->path_challenge);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_PATH_RESPONSE:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_encode_path_response_frame(out, outlen,
+                                                 &fr->path_response);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_CRYPTO:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_encode_crypto_frame(out, outlen, &fr->crypto);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_NEW_TOKEN:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_encode_new_token_frame(out, outlen, &fr->new_token);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_RETIRE_CONNECTION_ID:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_encode_retire_connection_id_frame(
+        out, outlen, &fr->retire_connection_id);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_HANDSHAKE_DONE:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_encode_handshake_done_frame(out, outlen,
+                                                  &fr->handshake_done);
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_DATAGRAM:
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_DATAGRAM_LEN:
+    return ngtcp2_pkt_encode_datagram_frame(out, outlen, &fr->datagram);
+  default:
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_encode_stream_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                            ngtcp2_stream *fr) {
+  size_t len = 1;
+  uint8_t flags = NGTCP2_STREAM_LEN_BIT;
+  uint8_t *p;
+  size_t i;
+  size_t datalen = 0;
+
+  if (fr->fin) {
+    flags |= NGTCP2_STREAM_FIN_BIT;
+  }
+
+  if (fr->offset) {
+    flags |= NGTCP2_STREAM_OFF_BIT;
+    len += ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(fr->offset);
+  }
+
+  len += ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen((uint64_t)fr->stream_id);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < fr->datacnt; ++i) {
+    datalen += fr->data[i].len;
+  }
+
+  len += ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(datalen);
+  len += datalen;
+
+  if (outlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF;
+  }
+
+  p = out;
+
+  *p++ = flags | NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAM;
+
+  fr->flags = flags;
+
+  p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, (uint64_t)fr->stream_id);
+
+  if (fr->offset) {
+    p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, fr->offset);
+  }
+
+  p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, datalen);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < fr->datacnt; ++i) {
+    assert(fr->data[i].len);
+    assert(fr->data[i].base);
+    p = ngtcp2_cpymem(p, fr->data[i].base, fr->data[i].len);
+  }
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - out) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_encode_ack_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                         ngtcp2_ack *fr) {
+  size_t len = 1 + ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen((uint64_t)fr->largest_ack) +
+               ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(fr->ack_delay) +
+               ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(fr->rangecnt) +
+               ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(fr->first_ack_range);
+  uint8_t *p;
+  size_t i;
+  const ngtcp2_ack_range *range;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < fr->rangecnt; ++i) {
+    range = &fr->ranges[i];
+    len += ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(range->gap);
+    len += ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(range->len);
+  }
+
+  if (fr->type == NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK_ECN) {
+    len += ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(fr->ecn.ect0) +
+           ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(fr->ecn.ect1) +
+           ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(fr->ecn.ce);
+  }
+
+  if (outlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF;
+  }
+
+  p = out;
+
+  *p++ = fr->type;
+  p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, (uint64_t)fr->largest_ack);
+  p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, fr->ack_delay);
+  p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, fr->rangecnt);
+  p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, fr->first_ack_range);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < fr->rangecnt; ++i) {
+    range = &fr->ranges[i];
+    p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, range->gap);
+    p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, range->len);
+  }
+
+  if (fr->type == NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK_ECN) {
+    p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, fr->ecn.ect0);
+    p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, fr->ecn.ect1);
+    p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, fr->ecn.ce);
+  }
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - out) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_encode_padding_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                             const ngtcp2_padding *fr) {
+  if (outlen < fr->len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF;
+  }
+
+  memset(out, 0, fr->len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)fr->len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize
+ngtcp2_pkt_encode_reset_stream_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                     const ngtcp2_reset_stream *fr) {
+  size_t len = 1 + ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen((uint64_t)fr->stream_id) +
+               ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(fr->app_error_code) +
+               ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(fr->final_size);
+  uint8_t *p;
+
+  if (outlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF;
+  }
+
+  p = out;
+
+  *p++ = NGTCP2_FRAME_RESET_STREAM;
+  p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, (uint64_t)fr->stream_id);
+  p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, fr->app_error_code);
+  p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, fr->final_size);
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - out) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize
+ngtcp2_pkt_encode_connection_close_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                         const ngtcp2_connection_close *fr) {
+  size_t len = 1 + ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(fr->error_code) +
+               (fr->type == NGTCP2_FRAME_CONNECTION_CLOSE
+                    ? ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(fr->frame_type)
+                    : 0) +
+               ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(fr->reasonlen) + fr->reasonlen;
+  uint8_t *p;
+
+  if (outlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF;
+  }
+
+  p = out;
+
+  *p++ = fr->type;
+  p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, fr->error_code);
+  if (fr->type == NGTCP2_FRAME_CONNECTION_CLOSE) {
+    p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, fr->frame_type);
+  }
+  p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, fr->reasonlen);
+  if (fr->reasonlen) {
+    p = ngtcp2_cpymem(p, fr->reason, fr->reasonlen);
+  }
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - out) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_encode_max_data_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                              const ngtcp2_max_data *fr) {
+  size_t len = 1 + ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(fr->max_data);
+  uint8_t *p;
+
+  if (outlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF;
+  }
+
+  p = out;
+
+  *p++ = NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_DATA;
+  p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, fr->max_data);
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - out) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize
+ngtcp2_pkt_encode_max_stream_data_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                        const ngtcp2_max_stream_data *fr) {
+  size_t len = 1 + ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen((uint64_t)fr->stream_id) +
+               ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(fr->max_stream_data);
+  uint8_t *p;
+
+  if (outlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF;
+  }
+
+  p = out;
+
+  *p++ = NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_STREAM_DATA;
+  p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, (uint64_t)fr->stream_id);
+  p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, fr->max_stream_data);
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - out) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_encode_max_streams_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                                 const ngtcp2_max_streams *fr) {
+  size_t len = 1 + ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(fr->max_streams);
+  uint8_t *p;
+
+  if (outlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF;
+  }
+
+  p = out;
+
+  *p++ = fr->type;
+  p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, fr->max_streams);
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - out) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_encode_ping_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                          const ngtcp2_ping *fr) {
+  (void)fr;
+
+  if (outlen < 1) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF;
+  }
+
+  *out++ = NGTCP2_FRAME_PING;
+
+  return 1;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize
+ngtcp2_pkt_encode_data_blocked_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                     const ngtcp2_data_blocked *fr) {
+  size_t len = 1 + ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(fr->offset);
+  uint8_t *p;
+
+  if (outlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF;
+  }
+
+  p = out;
+
+  *p++ = NGTCP2_FRAME_DATA_BLOCKED;
+  p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, fr->offset);
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - out) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_encode_stream_data_blocked_frame(
+    uint8_t *out, size_t outlen, const ngtcp2_stream_data_blocked *fr) {
+  size_t len = 1 + ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen((uint64_t)fr->stream_id) +
+               ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(fr->offset);
+  uint8_t *p;
+
+  if (outlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF;
+  }
+
+  p = out;
+
+  *p++ = NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAM_DATA_BLOCKED;
+  p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, (uint64_t)fr->stream_id);
+  p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, fr->offset);
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - out) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize
+ngtcp2_pkt_encode_streams_blocked_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                        const ngtcp2_streams_blocked *fr) {
+  size_t len = 1 + ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(fr->max_streams);
+  uint8_t *p;
+
+  if (outlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF;
+  }
+
+  p = out;
+
+  *p++ = fr->type;
+  p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, fr->max_streams);
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - out) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize
+ngtcp2_pkt_encode_new_connection_id_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                          const ngtcp2_new_connection_id *fr) {
+  size_t len = 1 + ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(fr->seq) +
+               ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(fr->retire_prior_to) + 1 +
+               fr->cid.datalen + NGTCP2_STATELESS_RESET_TOKENLEN;
+  uint8_t *p;
+
+  if (outlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF;
+  }
+
+  p = out;
+
+  *p++ = NGTCP2_FRAME_NEW_CONNECTION_ID;
+  p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, fr->seq);
+  p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, fr->retire_prior_to);
+  *p++ = (uint8_t)fr->cid.datalen;
+  p = ngtcp2_cpymem(p, fr->cid.data, fr->cid.datalen);
+  p = ngtcp2_cpymem(p, fr->stateless_reset_token,
+                    NGTCP2_STATELESS_RESET_TOKENLEN);
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - out) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize
+ngtcp2_pkt_encode_stop_sending_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                     const ngtcp2_stop_sending *fr) {
+  size_t len = 1 + ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen((uint64_t)fr->stream_id) +
+               ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(fr->app_error_code);
+  uint8_t *p;
+
+  if (outlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF;
+  }
+
+  p = out;
+
+  *p++ = NGTCP2_FRAME_STOP_SENDING;
+  p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, (uint64_t)fr->stream_id);
+  p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, fr->app_error_code);
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - out) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize
+ngtcp2_pkt_encode_path_challenge_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                       const ngtcp2_path_challenge *fr) {
+  size_t len = 1 + 8;
+  uint8_t *p;
+
+  if (outlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF;
+  }
+
+  p = out;
+
+  *p++ = NGTCP2_FRAME_PATH_CHALLENGE;
+  p = ngtcp2_cpymem(p, fr->data, sizeof(fr->data));
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - out) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize
+ngtcp2_pkt_encode_path_response_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                      const ngtcp2_path_response *fr) {
+  size_t len = 1 + 8;
+  uint8_t *p;
+
+  if (outlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF;
+  }
+
+  p = out;
+
+  *p++ = NGTCP2_FRAME_PATH_RESPONSE;
+  p = ngtcp2_cpymem(p, fr->data, sizeof(fr->data));
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - out) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_encode_crypto_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                            const ngtcp2_crypto *fr) {
+  size_t len = 1;
+  uint8_t *p;
+  size_t i;
+  size_t datalen = 0;
+
+  len += ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(fr->offset);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < fr->datacnt; ++i) {
+    datalen += fr->data[i].len;
+  }
+
+  len += ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(datalen);
+  len += datalen;
+
+  if (outlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF;
+  }
+
+  p = out;
+
+  *p++ = NGTCP2_FRAME_CRYPTO;
+
+  p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, fr->offset);
+  p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, datalen);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < fr->datacnt; ++i) {
+    assert(fr->data[i].base);
+    p = ngtcp2_cpymem(p, fr->data[i].base, fr->data[i].len);
+  }
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - out) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_encode_new_token_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                               const ngtcp2_new_token *fr) {
+  size_t len = 1 + ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(fr->tokenlen) + fr->tokenlen;
+  uint8_t *p;
+
+  assert(fr->tokenlen);
+
+  if (outlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF;
+  }
+
+  p = out;
+
+  *p++ = NGTCP2_FRAME_NEW_TOKEN;
+
+  p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, fr->tokenlen);
+  p = ngtcp2_cpymem(p, fr->token, fr->tokenlen);
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - out) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_encode_retire_connection_id_frame(
+    uint8_t *out, size_t outlen, const ngtcp2_retire_connection_id *fr) {
+  size_t len = 1 + ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(fr->seq);
+  uint8_t *p;
+
+  if (outlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF;
+  }
+
+  p = out;
+
+  *p++ = NGTCP2_FRAME_RETIRE_CONNECTION_ID;
+
+  p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, fr->seq);
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - out) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize
+ngtcp2_pkt_encode_handshake_done_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                       const ngtcp2_handshake_done *fr) {
+  (void)fr;
+
+  if (outlen < 1) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF;
+  }
+
+  *out++ = NGTCP2_FRAME_HANDSHAKE_DONE;
+
+  return 1;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_encode_datagram_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                              const ngtcp2_datagram *fr) {
+  uint64_t datalen = ngtcp2_vec_len(fr->data, fr->datacnt);
+  uint64_t len =
+      1 +
+      (fr->type == NGTCP2_FRAME_DATAGRAM ? 0 : ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(datalen)) +
+      datalen;
+  uint8_t *p;
+  size_t i;
+
+  assert(fr->type == NGTCP2_FRAME_DATAGRAM ||
+         fr->type == NGTCP2_FRAME_DATAGRAM_LEN);
+
+  if (outlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF;
+  }
+
+  p = out;
+
+  *p++ = fr->type;
+  if (fr->type == NGTCP2_FRAME_DATAGRAM_LEN) {
+    p = ngtcp2_put_uvarint(p, datalen);
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < fr->datacnt; ++i) {
+    assert(fr->data[i].len);
+    assert(fr->data[i].base);
+    p = ngtcp2_cpymem(p, fr->data[i].base, fr->data[i].len);
+  }
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - out) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_write_version_negotiation(
+    uint8_t *dest, size_t destlen, uint8_t unused_random, const uint8_t *dcid,
+    size_t dcidlen, const uint8_t *scid, size_t scidlen, const uint32_t *sv,
+    size_t nsv) {
+  size_t len = 1 + 4 + 1 + dcidlen + 1 + scidlen + nsv * 4;
+  uint8_t *p;
+  size_t i;
+
+  assert(dcidlen < 256);
+  assert(scidlen < 256);
+
+  if (destlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF;
+  }
+
+  p = dest;
+
+  *p++ = 0x80 | unused_random;
+  p = ngtcp2_put_uint32be(p, 0);
+  *p++ = (uint8_t)dcidlen;
+  if (dcidlen) {
+    p = ngtcp2_cpymem(p, dcid, dcidlen);
+  }
+  *p++ = (uint8_t)scidlen;
+  if (scidlen) {
+    p = ngtcp2_cpymem(p, scid, scidlen);
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < nsv; ++i) {
+    p = ngtcp2_put_uint32be(p, sv[i]);
+  }
+
+  assert((size_t)(p - dest) == len);
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)len;
+}
+
+size_t ngtcp2_pkt_decode_version_negotiation(uint32_t *dest,
+                                             const uint8_t *payload,
+                                             size_t payloadlen) {
+  const uint8_t *end = payload + payloadlen;
+
+  assert((payloadlen % sizeof(uint32_t)) == 0);
+
+  for (; payload != end;) {
+    payload = ngtcp2_get_uint32(dest++, payload);
+  }
+
+  return payloadlen / sizeof(uint32_t);
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_pkt_decode_stateless_reset(ngtcp2_pkt_stateless_reset *sr,
+                                      const uint8_t *payload,
+                                      size_t payloadlen) {
+  const uint8_t *p = payload;
+
+  if (payloadlen <
+      NGTCP2_MIN_STATELESS_RESET_RANDLEN + NGTCP2_STATELESS_RESET_TOKENLEN) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+
+  sr->rand = p;
+  sr->randlen = payloadlen - NGTCP2_STATELESS_RESET_TOKENLEN;
+  p += sr->randlen;
+  memcpy(sr->stateless_reset_token, p, NGTCP2_STATELESS_RESET_TOKENLEN);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_pkt_decode_retry(ngtcp2_pkt_retry *dest, const uint8_t *payload,
+                            size_t payloadlen) {
+  size_t len = /* token */ 1 + NGTCP2_RETRY_TAGLEN;
+
+  if (payloadlen < len) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+
+  dest->token = (uint8_t *)payload;
+  dest->tokenlen = (size_t)(payloadlen - NGTCP2_RETRY_TAGLEN);
+  ngtcp2_cpymem(dest->tag, payload + dest->tokenlen, NGTCP2_RETRY_TAGLEN);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int64_t ngtcp2_pkt_adjust_pkt_num(int64_t max_pkt_num, int64_t pkt_num,
+                                  size_t n) {
+  int64_t expected = max_pkt_num + 1;
+  int64_t win = (int64_t)1 << n;
+  int64_t hwin = win / 2;
+  int64_t mask = win - 1;
+  int64_t cand = (expected & ~mask) | pkt_num;
+
+  if (cand <= expected - hwin) {
+    assert(cand <= (int64_t)NGTCP2_MAX_VARINT - win);
+    return cand + win;
+  }
+  if (cand > expected + hwin && cand >= win) {
+    return cand - win;
+  }
+  return cand;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_pkt_validate_ack(ngtcp2_ack *fr) {
+  int64_t largest_ack = fr->largest_ack;
+  size_t i;
+
+  if (largest_ack < (int64_t)fr->first_ack_range) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_ACK_FRAME;
+  }
+
+  largest_ack -= (int64_t)fr->first_ack_range;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < fr->rangecnt; ++i) {
+    if (largest_ack < (int64_t)fr->ranges[i].gap + 2) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_ACK_FRAME;
+    }
+
+    largest_ack -= (int64_t)fr->ranges[i].gap + 2;
+
+    if (largest_ack < (int64_t)fr->ranges[i].len) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_ACK_FRAME;
+    }
+
+    largest_ack -= (int64_t)fr->ranges[i].len;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize
+ngtcp2_pkt_write_stateless_reset(uint8_t *dest, size_t destlen,
+                                 const uint8_t *stateless_reset_token,
+                                 const uint8_t *rand, size_t randlen) {
+  uint8_t *p;
+
+  if (destlen <
+      NGTCP2_MIN_STATELESS_RESET_RANDLEN + NGTCP2_STATELESS_RESET_TOKENLEN) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF;
+  }
+
+  if (randlen < NGTCP2_MIN_STATELESS_RESET_RANDLEN) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+
+  p = dest;
+
+  randlen = ngtcp2_min(destlen - NGTCP2_STATELESS_RESET_TOKENLEN, randlen);
+
+  p = ngtcp2_cpymem(p, rand, randlen);
+  p = ngtcp2_cpymem(p, stateless_reset_token, NGTCP2_STATELESS_RESET_TOKENLEN);
+  *dest = (uint8_t)((*dest & 0x7fu) | 0x40u);
+
+  return p - dest;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_write_retry(
+    uint8_t *dest, size_t destlen, uint32_t version, const ngtcp2_cid *dcid,
+    const ngtcp2_cid *scid, const ngtcp2_cid *odcid, const uint8_t *token,
+    size_t tokenlen, ngtcp2_encrypt encrypt, const ngtcp2_crypto_aead *aead,
+    const ngtcp2_crypto_aead_ctx *aead_ctx) {
+  ngtcp2_pkt_hd hd;
+  uint8_t pseudo_retry[1500];
+  ngtcp2_ssize pseudo_retrylen;
+  uint8_t tag[NGTCP2_RETRY_TAGLEN];
+  int rv;
+  uint8_t *p;
+  size_t offset;
+  const uint8_t *nonce;
+  size_t noncelen;
+
+  assert(tokenlen > 0);
+  assert(!ngtcp2_cid_eq(scid, odcid));
+
+  /* Retry packet is sent at most once per one connection attempt.  In
+     the first connection attempt, client has to send random DCID
+     which is at least NGTCP2_MIN_INITIAL_DCIDLEN bytes long. */
+  if (odcid->datalen < NGTCP2_MIN_INITIAL_DCIDLEN) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_pkt_hd_init(&hd, NGTCP2_PKT_FLAG_LONG_FORM, NGTCP2_PKT_RETRY, dcid,
+                     scid, /* pkt_num = */ 0, /* pkt_numlen = */ 1, version,
+                     /* len = */ 0);
+
+  pseudo_retrylen =
+      ngtcp2_pkt_encode_pseudo_retry(pseudo_retry, sizeof(pseudo_retry), &hd,
+                                     /* unused = */ 0, odcid, token, tokenlen);
+  if (pseudo_retrylen < 0) {
+    return pseudo_retrylen;
+  }
+
+  switch (version) {
+  case NGTCP2_PROTO_VER_V1:
+    nonce = (const uint8_t *)NGTCP2_RETRY_NONCE_V1;
+    noncelen = sizeof(NGTCP2_RETRY_NONCE_V1) - 1;
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_PROTO_VER_V2:
+    nonce = (const uint8_t *)NGTCP2_RETRY_NONCE_V2;
+    noncelen = sizeof(NGTCP2_RETRY_NONCE_V2) - 1;
+    break;
+  default:
+    nonce = (const uint8_t *)NGTCP2_RETRY_NONCE_DRAFT;
+    noncelen = sizeof(NGTCP2_RETRY_NONCE_DRAFT) - 1;
+  }
+
+  /* OpenSSL does not like NULL plaintext. */
+  rv = encrypt(tag, aead, aead_ctx, (const uint8_t *)"", 0, nonce, noncelen,
+               pseudo_retry, (size_t)pseudo_retrylen);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  offset = 1 + odcid->datalen;
+  if (destlen < (size_t)pseudo_retrylen + sizeof(tag) - offset) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF;
+  }
+
+  p = ngtcp2_cpymem(dest, pseudo_retry + offset,
+                    (size_t)pseudo_retrylen - offset);
+  p = ngtcp2_cpymem(p, tag, sizeof(tag));
+
+  return p - dest;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_encode_pseudo_retry(
+    uint8_t *dest, size_t destlen, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd, uint8_t unused,
+    const ngtcp2_cid *odcid, const uint8_t *token, size_t tokenlen) {
+  uint8_t *p = dest;
+  ngtcp2_ssize nwrite;
+
+  if (destlen < 1 + odcid->datalen) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF;
+  }
+
+  *p++ = (uint8_t)odcid->datalen;
+  p = ngtcp2_cpymem(p, odcid->data, odcid->datalen);
+  destlen -= (size_t)(p - dest);
+
+  nwrite = ngtcp2_pkt_encode_hd_long(p, destlen, hd);
+  if (nwrite < 0) {
+    return nwrite;
+  }
+
+  if (destlen < (size_t)nwrite + tokenlen) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF;
+  }
+
+  *p &= 0xf0;
+  *p |= unused;
+
+  p += nwrite;
+
+  p = ngtcp2_cpymem(p, token, tokenlen);
+
+  return p - dest;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_pkt_verify_retry_tag(uint32_t version, const ngtcp2_pkt_retry *retry,
+                                const uint8_t *pkt, size_t pktlen,
+                                ngtcp2_encrypt encrypt,
+                                const ngtcp2_crypto_aead *aead,
+                                const ngtcp2_crypto_aead_ctx *aead_ctx) {
+  uint8_t pseudo_retry[1500];
+  size_t pseudo_retrylen;
+  uint8_t *p = pseudo_retry;
+  int rv;
+  uint8_t tag[NGTCP2_RETRY_TAGLEN];
+  const uint8_t *nonce;
+  size_t noncelen;
+
+  assert(pktlen >= sizeof(retry->tag));
+
+  if (sizeof(pseudo_retry) <
+      1 + retry->odcid.datalen + pktlen - sizeof(retry->tag)) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO;
+  }
+
+  *p++ = (uint8_t)retry->odcid.datalen;
+  p = ngtcp2_cpymem(p, retry->odcid.data, retry->odcid.datalen);
+  p = ngtcp2_cpymem(p, pkt, pktlen - sizeof(retry->tag));
+
+  pseudo_retrylen = (size_t)(p - pseudo_retry);
+
+  switch (version) {
+  case NGTCP2_PROTO_VER_V1:
+    nonce = (const uint8_t *)NGTCP2_RETRY_NONCE_V1;
+    noncelen = sizeof(NGTCP2_RETRY_NONCE_V1) - 1;
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_PROTO_VER_V2:
+    nonce = (const uint8_t *)NGTCP2_RETRY_NONCE_V2;
+    noncelen = sizeof(NGTCP2_RETRY_NONCE_V2) - 1;
+    break;
+  default:
+    nonce = (const uint8_t *)NGTCP2_RETRY_NONCE_DRAFT;
+    noncelen = sizeof(NGTCP2_RETRY_NONCE_DRAFT) - 1;
+  }
+
+  /* OpenSSL does not like NULL plaintext. */
+  rv = encrypt(tag, aead, aead_ctx, (const uint8_t *)"", 0, nonce, noncelen,
+               pseudo_retry, pseudo_retrylen);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  if (0 != memcmp(retry->tag, tag, sizeof(retry->tag))) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+size_t ngtcp2_pkt_stream_max_datalen(int64_t stream_id, uint64_t offset,
+                                     uint64_t len, size_t left) {
+  size_t n = 1 /* type */ + ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen((uint64_t)stream_id) +
+             (offset ? ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(offset) : 0);
+
+  if (left <= n) {
+    return (size_t)-1;
+  }
+
+  left -= n;
+
+  if (left > 8 + 1073741823 && len > 1073741823) {
+#if SIZE_MAX > UINT32_MAX
+    len = ngtcp2_min(len, 4611686018427387903lu);
+#endif /* SIZE_MAX > UINT32_MAX */
+    return (size_t)ngtcp2_min(len, (uint64_t)(left - 8));
+  }
+
+  if (left > 4 + 16383 && len > 16383) {
+    len = ngtcp2_min(len, 1073741823);
+    return (size_t)ngtcp2_min(len, (uint64_t)(left - 4));
+  }
+
+  if (left > 2 + 63 && len > 63) {
+    len = ngtcp2_min(len, 16383);
+    return (size_t)ngtcp2_min(len, (uint64_t)(left - 2));
+  }
+
+  len = ngtcp2_min(len, 63);
+  return (size_t)ngtcp2_min(len, (uint64_t)(left - 1));
+}
+
+size_t ngtcp2_pkt_crypto_max_datalen(uint64_t offset, size_t len, size_t left) {
+  size_t n = 1 /* type */ + ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(offset);
+
+  /* CRYPTO frame must contain nonzero length data.  Return -1 if
+     there is no space to write crypto data. */
+  if (left <= n + 1) {
+    return (size_t)-1;
+  }
+
+  left -= n;
+
+  if (left > 8 + 1073741823 && len > 1073741823) {
+#if SIZE_MAX > UINT32_MAX
+    len = ngtcp2_min(len, 4611686018427387903lu);
+#endif /* SIZE_MAX > UINT32_MAX */
+    return ngtcp2_min(len, left - 8);
+  }
+
+  if (left > 4 + 16383 && len > 16383) {
+    len = ngtcp2_min(len, 1073741823);
+    return ngtcp2_min(len, left - 4);
+  }
+
+  if (left > 2 + 63 && len > 63) {
+    len = ngtcp2_min(len, 16383);
+    return ngtcp2_min(len, left - 2);
+  }
+
+  len = ngtcp2_min(len, 63);
+  return ngtcp2_min(len, left - 1);
+}
+
+size_t ngtcp2_pkt_datagram_framelen(size_t len) {
+  return 1 /* type */ + ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(len) + len;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_is_supported_version(uint32_t version) {
+  switch (version) {
+  case NGTCP2_PROTO_VER_V1:
+  case NGTCP2_PROTO_VER_V2:
+    return 1;
+  default:
+    return NGTCP2_PROTO_VER_DRAFT_MIN <= version &&
+           version <= NGTCP2_PROTO_VER_DRAFT_MAX;
+  }
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_is_reserved_version(uint32_t version) {
+  return (version & NGTCP2_RESERVED_VERSION_MASK) ==
+         NGTCP2_RESERVED_VERSION_MASK;
+}
+
+uint8_t ngtcp2_pkt_get_type_long(uint32_t version, uint8_t c) {
+  uint8_t pkt_type = (uint8_t)((c & NGTCP2_LONG_TYPE_MASK) >> 4);
+
+  switch (version) {
+  case NGTCP2_PROTO_VER_V2:
+    switch (pkt_type) {
+    case NGTCP2_PKT_TYPE_INITIAL_V2:
+      return NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL;
+    case NGTCP2_PKT_TYPE_0RTT_V2:
+      return NGTCP2_PKT_0RTT;
+    case NGTCP2_PKT_TYPE_HANDSHAKE_V2:
+      return NGTCP2_PKT_HANDSHAKE;
+    case NGTCP2_PKT_TYPE_RETRY_V2:
+      return NGTCP2_PKT_RETRY;
+    default:
+      return 0;
+    }
+  default:
+    if (!ngtcp2_is_supported_version(version)) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* QUIC v1 and draft versions share the same numeric packet
+       types. */
+    switch (pkt_type) {
+    case NGTCP2_PKT_TYPE_INITIAL_V1:
+      return NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL;
+    case NGTCP2_PKT_TYPE_0RTT_V1:
+      return NGTCP2_PKT_0RTT;
+    case NGTCP2_PKT_TYPE_HANDSHAKE_V1:
+      return NGTCP2_PKT_HANDSHAKE;
+    case NGTCP2_PKT_TYPE_RETRY_V1:
+      return NGTCP2_PKT_RETRY;
+    default:
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+uint8_t ngtcp2_pkt_versioned_type(uint32_t version, uint32_t pkt_type) {
+  switch (version) {
+  case NGTCP2_PROTO_VER_V2:
+    switch (pkt_type) {
+    case NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL:
+      return NGTCP2_PKT_TYPE_INITIAL_V2;
+    case NGTCP2_PKT_0RTT:
+      return NGTCP2_PKT_TYPE_0RTT_V2;
+    case NGTCP2_PKT_HANDSHAKE:
+      return NGTCP2_PKT_TYPE_HANDSHAKE_V2;
+    case NGTCP2_PKT_RETRY:
+      return NGTCP2_PKT_TYPE_RETRY_V2;
+    default:
+      ngtcp2_unreachable();
+    }
+  default:
+    /* Assume that unsupported versions share the numeric long packet
+       types with QUIC v1 in order to send a packet to elicit Version
+       Negotiation packet. */
+
+    /* QUIC v1 and draft versions share the same numeric packet
+       types. */
+    switch (pkt_type) {
+    case NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL:
+      return NGTCP2_PKT_TYPE_INITIAL_V1;
+    case NGTCP2_PKT_0RTT:
+      return NGTCP2_PKT_TYPE_0RTT_V1;
+    case NGTCP2_PKT_HANDSHAKE:
+      return NGTCP2_PKT_TYPE_HANDSHAKE_V1;
+    case NGTCP2_PKT_RETRY:
+      return NGTCP2_PKT_TYPE_RETRY_V1;
+    default:
+      ngtcp2_unreachable();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_pkt_verify_reserved_bits(uint8_t c) {
+  if (c & NGTCP2_HEADER_FORM_BIT) {
+    return (c & NGTCP2_LONG_RESERVED_BIT_MASK) == 0 ? 0 : NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO;
+  }
+  return (c & NGTCP2_SHORT_RESERVED_BIT_MASK) == 0 ? 0 : NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO;
+}
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_pkt.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_pkt.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9db62b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_pkt.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1235 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_PKT_H
+#define NGTCP2_PKT_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+/* QUIC header macros */
+#define NGTCP2_HEADER_FORM_BIT 0x80
+#define NGTCP2_FIXED_BIT_MASK 0x40
+#define NGTCP2_PKT_NUMLEN_MASK 0x03
+
+/* Long header specific macros */
+#define NGTCP2_LONG_TYPE_MASK 0x30
+#define NGTCP2_LONG_RESERVED_BIT_MASK 0x0c
+
+/* Short header specific macros */
+#define NGTCP2_SHORT_SPIN_BIT_MASK 0x20
+#define NGTCP2_SHORT_RESERVED_BIT_MASK 0x18
+#define NGTCP2_SHORT_KEY_PHASE_BIT 0x04
+
+/* NGTCP2_SR_TYPE is a Type field of Stateless Reset. */
+#define NGTCP2_SR_TYPE 0x1f
+
+/* NGTCP2_MIN_LONG_HEADERLEN is the minimum length of long header.
+   That is (1|1|TT|RR|PP)<1> + VERSION<4> + DCIL<1> + SCIL<1> +
+   LENGTH<1> + PKN<1> */
+#define NGTCP2_MIN_LONG_HEADERLEN (1 + 4 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1)
+
+#define NGTCP2_STREAM_FIN_BIT 0x01
+#define NGTCP2_STREAM_LEN_BIT 0x02
+#define NGTCP2_STREAM_OFF_BIT 0x04
+
+/* NGTCP2_STREAM_OVERHEAD is the maximum number of bytes required
+   other than payload for STREAM frame.  That is from type field to
+   the beginning of the payload. */
+#define NGTCP2_STREAM_OVERHEAD (1 + 8 + 8 + 8)
+
+/* NGTCP2_CRYPTO_OVERHEAD is the maximum number of bytes required
+   other than payload for CRYPTO frame.  That is from type field to
+   the beginning of the payload. */
+#define NGTCP2_CRYPTO_OVERHEAD (1 + 8 + 8)
+
+/* NGTCP2_DATAGRAM_OVERHEAD is the maximum number of bytes required
+   other than payload for DATAGRAM frame.  That is from type field to
+   the beginning of the payload. */
+#define NGTCP2_DATAGRAM_OVERHEAD (1 + 8)
+
+/* NGTCP2_MIN_FRAME_PAYLOADLEN is the minimum frame payload length. */
+#define NGTCP2_MIN_FRAME_PAYLOADLEN 16
+
+/* NGTCP2_MAX_SERVER_STREAM_ID_BIDI is the maximum bidirectional
+   server stream ID. */
+#define NGTCP2_MAX_SERVER_STREAM_ID_BIDI ((int64_t)0x3ffffffffffffffdll)
+/* NGTCP2_MAX_CLIENT_STREAM_ID_BIDI is the maximum bidirectional
+   client stream ID. */
+#define NGTCP2_MAX_CLIENT_STREAM_ID_BIDI ((int64_t)0x3ffffffffffffffcll)
+/* NGTCP2_MAX_SERVER_STREAM_ID_UNI is the maximum unidirectional
+   server stream ID. */
+#define NGTCP2_MAX_SERVER_STREAM_ID_UNI ((int64_t)0x3fffffffffffffffll)
+/* NGTCP2_MAX_CLIENT_STREAM_ID_UNI is the maximum unidirectional
+   client stream ID. */
+#define NGTCP2_MAX_CLIENT_STREAM_ID_UNI ((int64_t)0x3ffffffffffffffell)
+
+/* NGTCP2_MAX_NUM_ACK_RANGES is the maximum number of Additional ACK
+   ranges which this library can create, or decode. */
+#define NGTCP2_MAX_ACK_RANGES 32
+
+/* NGTCP2_MAX_PKT_NUM is the maximum packet number. */
+#define NGTCP2_MAX_PKT_NUM ((int64_t)((1ll << 62) - 1))
+
+/* NGTCP2_MIN_PKT_EXPANDLEN is the minimum packet size expansion in
+   addition to the minimum DCID length to hide/trigger Stateless
+   Reset. */
+#define NGTCP2_MIN_PKT_EXPANDLEN 22
+
+/* NGTCP2_RETRY_TAGLEN is the length of Retry packet integrity tag. */
+#define NGTCP2_RETRY_TAGLEN 16
+
+/* NGTCP2_HARD_MAX_UDP_PAYLOAD_SIZE is the maximum UDP payload size
+   that this library can write. */
+#define NGTCP2_HARD_MAX_UDP_PAYLOAD_SIZE ((1 << 24) - 1)
+
+/* NGTCP2_PKT_LENGTHLEN is the number of bytes that is occupied by
+   Length field in Long packet header. */
+#define NGTCP2_PKT_LENGTHLEN 4
+
+/* NGTCP2_PKT_TYPE_INITIAL_V1 is Initial long header packet type for
+   QUIC v1. */
+#define NGTCP2_PKT_TYPE_INITIAL_V1 0x0
+/* NGTCP2_PKT_TYPE_0RTT_V1 is 0RTT long header packet type for QUIC
+   v1. */
+#define NGTCP2_PKT_TYPE_0RTT_V1 0x1
+/* NGTCP2_PKT_TYPE_HANDSHAKE_V1 is Handshake long header packet type
+   for QUIC v1. */
+#define NGTCP2_PKT_TYPE_HANDSHAKE_V1 0x2
+/* NGTCP2_PKT_TYPE_RETRY_V1 is Retry long header packet type for QUIC
+   v1. */
+#define NGTCP2_PKT_TYPE_RETRY_V1 0x3
+
+/* NGTCP2_PKT_TYPE_INITIAL_V2 is Initial long header packet type for
+   QUIC v2. */
+#define NGTCP2_PKT_TYPE_INITIAL_V2 0x1
+/* NGTCP2_PKT_TYPE_0RTT_V2 is 0RTT long header packet type for QUIC
+   v2. */
+#define NGTCP2_PKT_TYPE_0RTT_V2 0x2
+/* NGTCP2_PKT_TYPE_HANDSHAKE_V2 is Handshake long header packet type
+   for QUIC v2. */
+#define NGTCP2_PKT_TYPE_HANDSHAKE_V2 0x3
+/* NGTCP2_PKT_TYPE_RETRY_V2 is Retry long header packet type for QUIC
+   v2. */
+#define NGTCP2_PKT_TYPE_RETRY_V2 0x0
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_pkt_retry {
+  ngtcp2_cid odcid;
+  uint8_t *token;
+  size_t tokenlen;
+  uint8_t tag[NGTCP2_RETRY_TAGLEN];
+} ngtcp2_pkt_retry;
+
+typedef enum {
+  NGTCP2_FRAME_PADDING = 0x00,
+  NGTCP2_FRAME_PING = 0x01,
+  NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK = 0x02,
+  NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK_ECN = 0x03,
+  NGTCP2_FRAME_RESET_STREAM = 0x04,
+  NGTCP2_FRAME_STOP_SENDING = 0x05,
+  NGTCP2_FRAME_CRYPTO = 0x06,
+  NGTCP2_FRAME_NEW_TOKEN = 0x07,
+  NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAM = 0x08,
+  NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_DATA = 0x10,
+  NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_STREAM_DATA = 0x11,
+  NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_STREAMS_BIDI = 0x12,
+  NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_STREAMS_UNI = 0x13,
+  NGTCP2_FRAME_DATA_BLOCKED = 0x14,
+  NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAM_DATA_BLOCKED = 0x15,
+  NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAMS_BLOCKED_BIDI = 0x16,
+  NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAMS_BLOCKED_UNI = 0x17,
+  NGTCP2_FRAME_NEW_CONNECTION_ID = 0x18,
+  NGTCP2_FRAME_RETIRE_CONNECTION_ID = 0x19,
+  NGTCP2_FRAME_PATH_CHALLENGE = 0x1a,
+  NGTCP2_FRAME_PATH_RESPONSE = 0x1b,
+  NGTCP2_FRAME_CONNECTION_CLOSE = 0x1c,
+  NGTCP2_FRAME_CONNECTION_CLOSE_APP = 0x1d,
+  NGTCP2_FRAME_HANDSHAKE_DONE = 0x1e,
+  NGTCP2_FRAME_DATAGRAM = 0x30,
+  NGTCP2_FRAME_DATAGRAM_LEN = 0x31,
+} ngtcp2_frame_type;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_stream {
+  uint8_t type;
+  /**
+   * flags of decoded STREAM frame.  This gets ignored when encoding
+   * STREAM frame.
+   */
+  uint8_t flags;
+  uint8_t fin;
+  int64_t stream_id;
+  uint64_t offset;
+  /* datacnt is the number of elements that data contains.  Although
+     the length of data is 1 in this definition, the library may
+     allocate extra bytes to hold more elements. */
+  size_t datacnt;
+  /* data is the array of ngtcp2_vec which references data. */
+  ngtcp2_vec data[1];
+} ngtcp2_stream;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_ack_range {
+  uint64_t gap;
+  uint64_t len;
+} ngtcp2_ack_range;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_ack {
+  uint8_t type;
+  int64_t largest_ack;
+  uint64_t ack_delay;
+  /**
+   * ack_delay_unscaled is an ack_delay multiplied by
+   * 2**ack_delay_component * NGTCP2_MICROSECONDS.
+   */
+  ngtcp2_duration ack_delay_unscaled;
+  struct {
+    uint64_t ect0;
+    uint64_t ect1;
+    uint64_t ce;
+  } ecn;
+  uint64_t first_ack_range;
+  size_t rangecnt;
+  ngtcp2_ack_range ranges[1];
+} ngtcp2_ack;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_padding {
+  uint8_t type;
+  /**
+   * The length of contiguous PADDING frames.
+   */
+  size_t len;
+} ngtcp2_padding;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_reset_stream {
+  uint8_t type;
+  int64_t stream_id;
+  uint64_t app_error_code;
+  uint64_t final_size;
+} ngtcp2_reset_stream;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_connection_close {
+  uint8_t type;
+  uint64_t error_code;
+  uint64_t frame_type;
+  size_t reasonlen;
+  uint8_t *reason;
+} ngtcp2_connection_close;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_max_data {
+  uint8_t type;
+  /**
+   * max_data is Maximum Data.
+   */
+  uint64_t max_data;
+} ngtcp2_max_data;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_max_stream_data {
+  uint8_t type;
+  int64_t stream_id;
+  uint64_t max_stream_data;
+} ngtcp2_max_stream_data;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_max_streams {
+  uint8_t type;
+  uint64_t max_streams;
+} ngtcp2_max_streams;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_ping {
+  uint8_t type;
+} ngtcp2_ping;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_data_blocked {
+  uint8_t type;
+  uint64_t offset;
+} ngtcp2_data_blocked;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_stream_data_blocked {
+  uint8_t type;
+  int64_t stream_id;
+  uint64_t offset;
+} ngtcp2_stream_data_blocked;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_streams_blocked {
+  uint8_t type;
+  uint64_t max_streams;
+} ngtcp2_streams_blocked;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_new_connection_id {
+  uint8_t type;
+  uint64_t seq;
+  uint64_t retire_prior_to;
+  ngtcp2_cid cid;
+  uint8_t stateless_reset_token[NGTCP2_STATELESS_RESET_TOKENLEN];
+} ngtcp2_new_connection_id;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_stop_sending {
+  uint8_t type;
+  int64_t stream_id;
+  uint64_t app_error_code;
+} ngtcp2_stop_sending;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_path_challenge {
+  uint8_t type;
+  uint8_t data[NGTCP2_PATH_CHALLENGE_DATALEN];
+} ngtcp2_path_challenge;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_path_response {
+  uint8_t type;
+  uint8_t data[NGTCP2_PATH_CHALLENGE_DATALEN];
+} ngtcp2_path_response;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_crypto {
+  uint8_t type;
+  uint64_t offset;
+  /* datacnt is the number of elements that data contains.  Although
+     the length of data is 1 in this definition, the library may
+     allocate extra bytes to hold more elements. */
+  size_t datacnt;
+  /* data is the array of ngtcp2_vec which references data. */
+  ngtcp2_vec data[1];
+} ngtcp2_crypto;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_new_token {
+  uint8_t type;
+  uint8_t *token;
+  size_t tokenlen;
+} ngtcp2_new_token;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_retire_connection_id {
+  uint8_t type;
+  uint64_t seq;
+} ngtcp2_retire_connection_id;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_handshake_done {
+  uint8_t type;
+} ngtcp2_handshake_done;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_datagram {
+  uint8_t type;
+  /* dgram_id is an opaque identifier chosen by an application. */
+  uint64_t dgram_id;
+  /* datacnt is the number of elements that data contains. */
+  size_t datacnt;
+  /* data is a pointer to ngtcp2_vec array that stores data. */
+  ngtcp2_vec *data;
+  /* rdata is conveniently embedded to ngtcp2_datagram, so that data
+     field can just point to the address of this field to store a
+     single vector which is the case when DATAGRAM is received from a
+     remote endpoint. */
+  ngtcp2_vec rdata[1];
+} ngtcp2_datagram;
+
+typedef union ngtcp2_frame {
+  uint8_t type;
+  ngtcp2_stream stream;
+  ngtcp2_ack ack;
+  ngtcp2_padding padding;
+  ngtcp2_reset_stream reset_stream;
+  ngtcp2_connection_close connection_close;
+  ngtcp2_max_data max_data;
+  ngtcp2_max_stream_data max_stream_data;
+  ngtcp2_max_streams max_streams;
+  ngtcp2_ping ping;
+  ngtcp2_data_blocked data_blocked;
+  ngtcp2_stream_data_blocked stream_data_blocked;
+  ngtcp2_streams_blocked streams_blocked;
+  ngtcp2_new_connection_id new_connection_id;
+  ngtcp2_stop_sending stop_sending;
+  ngtcp2_path_challenge path_challenge;
+  ngtcp2_path_response path_response;
+  ngtcp2_crypto crypto;
+  ngtcp2_new_token new_token;
+  ngtcp2_retire_connection_id retire_connection_id;
+  ngtcp2_handshake_done handshake_done;
+  ngtcp2_datagram datagram;
+} ngtcp2_frame;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_pkt_chain ngtcp2_pkt_chain;
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_chain is the chain of incoming packets buffered.
+ */
+struct ngtcp2_pkt_chain {
+  ngtcp2_path_storage path;
+  ngtcp2_pkt_info pi;
+  ngtcp2_pkt_chain *next;
+  uint8_t *pkt;
+  /* pktlen is length of a QUIC packet. */
+  size_t pktlen;
+  /* dgramlen is length of UDP datagram that a QUIC packet is
+     included. */
+  size_t dgramlen;
+  ngtcp2_tstamp ts;
+};
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_chain_new allocates ngtcp2_pkt_chain objects, and
+ * assigns its pointer to |*ppc|.  The content of buffer pointed by
+ * |pkt| of length |pktlen| is copied into |*ppc|.  The packet is
+ * obtained via the network |path|.  The values of path->local and
+ * path->remote are copied into |*ppc|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_pkt_chain_new(ngtcp2_pkt_chain **ppc, const ngtcp2_path *path,
+                         const ngtcp2_pkt_info *pi, const uint8_t *pkt,
+                         size_t pktlen, size_t dgramlen, ngtcp2_tstamp ts,
+                         const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_chain_del deallocates |pc|.  It also frees the memory
+ * pointed by |pc|.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_pkt_chain_del(ngtcp2_pkt_chain *pc, const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_hd_init initializes |hd| with the given values.  If
+ * |dcid| and/or |scid| is NULL, DCID and SCID of |hd| is empty
+ * respectively.  |pkt_numlen| is the number of bytes used to encode
+ * |pkt_num| and either 1, 2, or 4.  |version| is QUIC version for
+ * long header.  |len| is the length field of Initial, 0RTT, and
+ * Handshake packets.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_pkt_hd_init(ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd, uint8_t flags, uint8_t type,
+                        const ngtcp2_cid *dcid, const ngtcp2_cid *scid,
+                        int64_t pkt_num, size_t pkt_numlen, uint32_t version,
+                        size_t len);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_encode_hd_long encodes |hd| as QUIC long header into
+ * |out| which has length |outlen|.  It returns the number of bytes
+ * written into |outlen| if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF
+ *     Buffer is too short
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_encode_hd_long(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                       const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_encode_hd_short encodes |hd| as QUIC short header into
+ * |out| which has length |outlen|.  It returns the number of bytes
+ * written into |outlen| if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF
+ *     Buffer is too short
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_encode_hd_short(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                        const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd);
+
+/**
+ * @function
+ *
+ * `ngtcp2_pkt_decode_frame` decodes a QUIC frame from the buffer
+ * pointed by |payload| whose length is |payloadlen|.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes read to decode a single
+ * frame if it succeeds, or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * :enum:`NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING`
+ *     Frame is badly formatted; or frame type is unknown; or
+ *     |payloadlen| is 0.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_frame(ngtcp2_frame *dest, const uint8_t *payload,
+                                     size_t payloadlen);
+
+/**
+ * @function
+ *
+ * `ngtcp2_pkt_encode_frame` encodes a frame |fm| into the buffer
+ * pointed by |out| of length |outlen|.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes written to the buffer, or
+ * one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * :enum:`NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF`
+ *     Buffer does not have enough capacity to write a frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_encode_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                     ngtcp2_frame *fr);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_decode_version_negotiation decodes Version Negotiation
+ * packet payload |payload| of length |payloadlen|, and stores the
+ * result in |dest|.  |dest| must have enough capacity to store the
+ * result.  |payloadlen| also must be a multiple of sizeof(uint32_t).
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of versions written in |dest|.
+ */
+size_t ngtcp2_pkt_decode_version_negotiation(uint32_t *dest,
+                                             const uint8_t *payload,
+                                             size_t payloadlen);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_decode_stateless_reset decodes Stateless Reset payload
+ * |payload| of length |payloadlen|.  The |payload| must start with
+ * Stateless Reset Token.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT
+ *     Payloadlen is too short.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_pkt_decode_stateless_reset(ngtcp2_pkt_stateless_reset *sr,
+                                      const uint8_t *payload,
+                                      size_t payloadlen);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_decode_retry decodes Retry packet payload |payload| of
+ * length |payloadlen|.  The |payload| must start with Retry token
+ * field.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT
+ *     Payloadlen is too short.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_pkt_decode_retry(ngtcp2_pkt_retry *dest, const uint8_t *payload,
+                            size_t payloadlen);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_decode_stream_frame decodes STREAM frame from |payload|
+ * of length |payloadlen|.  The result is stored in the object pointed
+ * by |dest|.  STREAM frame must start at payload[0].  This function
+ * finishes when it decodes one STREAM frame, and returns the exact
+ * number of bytes read to decode a frame if it succeeds, or one of
+ * the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING
+ *     Payload is too short to include STREAM frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_stream_frame(ngtcp2_stream *dest,
+                                            const uint8_t *payload,
+                                            size_t payloadlen);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_decode_ack_frame decodes ACK frame from |payload| of
+ * length |payloadlen|.  The result is stored in the object pointed by
+ * |dest|.  ACK frame must start at payload[0].  This function
+ * finishes when it decodes one ACK frame, and returns the exact
+ * number of bytes read to decode a frame if it succeeds, or one of
+ * the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING
+ *     Payload is too short to include ACK frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_ack_frame(ngtcp2_ack *dest,
+                                         const uint8_t *payload,
+                                         size_t payloadlen);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_decode_padding_frame decodes contiguous PADDING frames
+ * from |payload| of length |payloadlen|.  It continues to parse
+ * frames as long as the frame type is PADDING.  This finishes when it
+ * encounters the frame type which is not PADDING, or all input data
+ * is read.  The first byte (payload[0]) must be NGTCP2_FRAME_PADDING.
+ * This function returns the exact number of bytes read to decode
+ * PADDING frames.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_padding_frame(ngtcp2_padding *dest,
+                                             const uint8_t *payload,
+                                             size_t payloadlen);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_decode_reset_stream_frame decodes RESET_STREAM frame
+ * from |payload| of length |payloadlen|.  The result is stored in the
+ * object pointed by |dest|.  RESET_STREAM frame must start at
+ * payload[0].  This function finishes when it decodes one
+ * RESET_STREAM frame, and returns the exact number of bytes read to
+ * decode a frame if it succeeds, or one of the following negative
+ * error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING
+ *     Payload is too short to include RESET_STREAM frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_reset_stream_frame(ngtcp2_reset_stream *dest,
+                                                  const uint8_t *payload,
+                                                  size_t payloadlen);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_decode_connection_close_frame decodes CONNECTION_CLOSE
+ * frame from |payload| of length |payloadlen|.  The result is stored
+ * in the object pointed by |dest|.  CONNECTION_CLOSE frame must start
+ * at payload[0].  This function finishes it decodes one
+ * CONNECTION_CLOSE frame, and returns the exact number of bytes read
+ * to decode a frame if it succeeds, or one of the following negative
+ * error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING
+ *     Payload is too short to include CONNECTION_CLOSE frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_connection_close_frame(
+    ngtcp2_connection_close *dest, const uint8_t *payload, size_t payloadlen);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_decode_max_data_frame decodes MAX_DATA frame from
+ * |payload| of length |payloadlen|.  The result is stored in the
+ * object pointed by |dest|.  MAX_DATA frame must start at payload[0].
+ * This function finishes when it decodes one MAX_DATA frame, and
+ * returns the exact number of bytes read to decode a frame if it
+ * succeeds, or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING
+ *     Payload is too short to include MAX_DATA frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_max_data_frame(ngtcp2_max_data *dest,
+                                              const uint8_t *payload,
+                                              size_t payloadlen);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_decode_max_stream_data_frame decodes MAX_STREAM_DATA
+ * frame from |payload| of length |payloadlen|.  The result is stored
+ * in the object pointed by |dest|.  MAX_STREAM_DATA frame must start
+ * at payload[0].  This function finishes when it decodes one
+ * MAX_STREAM_DATA frame, and returns the exact number of bytes read
+ * to decode a frame if it succeeds, or one of the following negative
+ * error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING
+ *     Payload is too short to include MAX_STREAM_DATA frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_max_stream_data_frame(
+    ngtcp2_max_stream_data *dest, const uint8_t *payload, size_t payloadlen);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_decode_max_streams_frame decodes MAX_STREAMS frame from
+ * |payload| of length |payloadlen|.  The result is stored in the
+ * object pointed by |dest|.  MAX_STREAMS frame must start at
+ * payload[0].  This function finishes when it decodes one MAX_STREAMS
+ * frame, and returns the exact number of bytes read to decode a frame
+ * if it succeeds, or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING
+ *     Payload is too short to include MAX_STREAMS frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_max_streams_frame(ngtcp2_max_streams *dest,
+                                                 const uint8_t *payload,
+                                                 size_t payloadlen);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_decode_ping_frame decodes PING frame from |payload| of
+ * length |payloadlen|.  The result is stored in the object pointed by
+ * |dest|.  PING frame must start at payload[0].  This function
+ * finishes when it decodes one PING frame, and returns the exact
+ * number of bytes read to decode a frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_ping_frame(ngtcp2_ping *dest,
+                                          const uint8_t *payload,
+                                          size_t payloadlen);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_decode_data_blocked_frame decodes DATA_BLOCKED frame
+ * from |payload| of length |payloadlen|.  The result is stored in the
+ * object pointed by |dest|.  DATA_BLOCKED frame must start at
+ * payload[0].  This function finishes when it decodes one
+ * DATA_BLOCKED frame, and returns the exact number of bytes read to
+ * decode a frame if it succeeds, or one of the following negative
+ * error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING
+ *     Payload is too short to include DATA_BLOCKED frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_data_blocked_frame(ngtcp2_data_blocked *dest,
+                                                  const uint8_t *payload,
+                                                  size_t payloadlen);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_decode_stream_data_blocked_frame decodes
+ * STREAM_DATA_BLOCKED frame from |payload| of length |payloadlen|.
+ * The result is stored in the object pointed by |dest|.
+ * STREAM_DATA_BLOCKED frame must start at payload[0].  This function
+ * finishes when it decodes one STREAM_DATA_BLOCKED frame, and returns
+ * the exact number of bytes read to decode a frame if it succeeds, or
+ * one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING
+ *     Payload is too short to include STREAM_DATA_BLOCKED frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize
+ngtcp2_pkt_decode_stream_data_blocked_frame(ngtcp2_stream_data_blocked *dest,
+                                            const uint8_t *payload,
+                                            size_t payloadlen);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_decode_streams_blocked_frame decodes STREAMS_BLOCKED
+ * frame from |payload| of length |payloadlen|.  The result is stored
+ * in the object pointed by |dest|.  STREAMS_BLOCKED frame must start
+ * at payload[0].  This function finishes when it decodes one
+ * STREAMS_BLOCKED frame, and returns the exact number of bytes read
+ * to decode a frame if it succeeds, or one of the following negative
+ * error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING
+ *     Payload is too short to include STREAMS_BLOCKED frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_streams_blocked_frame(
+    ngtcp2_streams_blocked *dest, const uint8_t *payload, size_t payloadlen);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_decode_new_connection_id_frame decodes NEW_CONNECTION_ID
+ * frame from |payload| of length |payloadlen|.  The result is stored
+ * in the object pointed by |dest|.  NEW_CONNECTION_ID frame must
+ * start at payload[0].  This function finishes when it decodes one
+ * NEW_CONNECTION_ID frame, and returns the exact number of bytes read
+ * to decode a frame if it succeeds, or one of the following negative
+ * error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING
+ *     Payload is too short to include NEW_CONNECTION_ID frame; or the
+ *     length of CID is strictly less than NGTCP2_MIN_CIDLEN or
+ *     greater than NGTCP2_MAX_CIDLEN.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_new_connection_id_frame(
+    ngtcp2_new_connection_id *dest, const uint8_t *payload, size_t payloadlen);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_decode_stop_sending_frame decodes STOP_SENDING frame
+ * from |payload| of length |payloadlen|.  The result is stored in the
+ * object pointed by |dest|.  STOP_SENDING frame must start at
+ * payload[0].  This function finishes when it decodes one
+ * STOP_SENDING frame, and returns the exact number of bytes read to
+ * decode a frame if it succeeds, or one of the following negative
+ * error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING
+ *     Payload is too short to include STOP_SENDING frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_stop_sending_frame(ngtcp2_stop_sending *dest,
+                                                  const uint8_t *payload,
+                                                  size_t payloadlen);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_decode_path_challenge_frame decodes PATH_CHALLENGE frame
+ * from |payload| of length |payloadlen|.  The result is stored in the
+ * object pointed by |dest|.  PATH_CHALLENGE frame must start at
+ * payload[0].  This function finishes when it decodes one
+ * PATH_CHALLENGE frame, and returns the exact number of bytes read to
+ * decode a frame if it succeeds, or one of the following negative
+ * error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING
+ *     Payload is too short to include PATH_CHALLENGE frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_path_challenge_frame(ngtcp2_path_challenge *dest,
+                                                    const uint8_t *payload,
+                                                    size_t payloadlen);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_decode_path_response_frame decodes PATH_RESPONSE frame
+ * from |payload| of length |payloadlen|.  The result is stored in the
+ * object pointed by |dest|.  PATH_RESPONSE frame must start at
+ * payload[0].  This function finishes when it decodes one
+ * PATH_RESPONSE frame, and returns the exact number of bytes read to
+ * decode a frame if it succeeds, or one of the following negative
+ * error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING
+ *     Payload is too short to include PATH_RESPONSE frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_path_response_frame(ngtcp2_path_response *dest,
+                                                   const uint8_t *payload,
+                                                   size_t payloadlen);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_decode_crypto_frame decodes CRYPTO frame from |payload|
+ * of length |payloadlen|.  The result is stored in the object pointed
+ * by |dest|.  CRYPTO frame must start at payload[0].  This function
+ * finishes when it decodes one CRYPTO frame, and returns the exact
+ * number of bytes read to decode a frame if it succeeds, or one of
+ * the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING
+ *     Payload is too short to include CRYPTO frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_crypto_frame(ngtcp2_crypto *dest,
+                                            const uint8_t *payload,
+                                            size_t payloadlen);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_decode_new_token_frame decodes NEW_TOKEN frame from
+ * |payload| of length |payloadlen|.  The result is stored in the
+ * object pointed by |dest|.  NEW_TOKEN frame must start at
+ * payload[0].  This function finishes when it decodes one NEW_TOKEN
+ * frame, and returns the exact number of bytes read to decode a frame
+ * if it succeeds, or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING
+ *     Payload is too short to include NEW_TOKEN frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_new_token_frame(ngtcp2_new_token *dest,
+                                               const uint8_t *payload,
+                                               size_t payloadlen);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_decode_retire_connection_id_frame decodes RETIRE_CONNECTION_ID
+ * frame from |payload| of length |payloadlen|.  The result is stored in the
+ * object pointed by |dest|.  RETIRE_CONNECTION_ID frame must start at
+ * payload[0].  This function finishes when it decodes one RETIRE_CONNECTION_ID
+ * frame, and returns the exact number of bytes read to decode a frame
+ * if it succeeds, or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING
+ *     Payload is too short to include RETIRE_CONNECTION_ID frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize
+ngtcp2_pkt_decode_retire_connection_id_frame(ngtcp2_retire_connection_id *dest,
+                                             const uint8_t *payload,
+                                             size_t payloadlen);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_decode_handshake_done_frame decodes HANDSHAKE_DONE frame
+ * from |payload| of length |payloadlen|.  The result is stored in the
+ * object pointed by |dest|.  HANDSHAKE_DONE frame must start at
+ * payload[0].  This function finishes when it decodes one
+ * HANDSHAKE_DONE frame, and returns the exact number of bytes read to
+ * decode a frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_handshake_done_frame(ngtcp2_handshake_done *dest,
+                                                    const uint8_t *payload,
+                                                    size_t payloadlen);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_decode_datagram_frame decodes DATAGRAM frame from
+ * |payload| of length |payloadlen|.  The result is stored in the
+ * object pointed by |dest|.  DATAGRAM frame must start at payload[0].
+ * This function finishes when it decodes one DATAGRAM frame, and
+ * returns the exact number of bytes read to decode a frame if it
+ * succeeds, or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_FRAME_ENCODING
+ *     Payload is too short to include DATAGRAM frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_decode_datagram_frame(ngtcp2_datagram *dest,
+                                              const uint8_t *payload,
+                                              size_t payloadlen);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_encode_stream_frame encodes STREAM frame |fr| into the
+ * buffer pointed by |out| of length |outlen|.
+ *
+ * This function assigns <the serialized frame type> &
+ * ~NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAM to fr->flags.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes written if it succeeds,
+ * or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF
+ *     Buffer does not have enough capacity to write a frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_encode_stream_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                            ngtcp2_stream *fr);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_encode_ack_frame encodes ACK frame |fr| into the buffer
+ * pointed by |out| of length |outlen|.
+ *
+ * This function assigns <the serialized frame type> &
+ * ~NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK to fr->flags.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes written if it succeeds,
+ * or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF
+ *     Buffer does not have enough capacity to write a frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_encode_ack_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                         ngtcp2_ack *fr);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_encode_padding_frame encodes PADDING frame |fr| into the
+ * buffer pointed by |out| of length |outlen|.
+ *
+ * This function encodes consecutive fr->len PADDING frames.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes written if it succeeds,
+ * or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF
+ *     Buffer does not have enough capacity to write frame(s).
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_encode_padding_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                             const ngtcp2_padding *fr);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_encode_reset_stream_frame encodes RESET_STREAM frame
+ * |fr| into the buffer pointed by |out| of length |buflen|.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes written if it succeeds,
+ * or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF
+ *     Buffer does not have enough capacity to write a frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize
+ngtcp2_pkt_encode_reset_stream_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                     const ngtcp2_reset_stream *fr);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_encode_connection_close_frame encodes CONNECTION_CLOSE
+ * frame |fr| into the buffer pointed by |out| of length |outlen|.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes written if it succeeds,
+ * or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF
+ *     Buffer does not have enough capacity to write a frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize
+ngtcp2_pkt_encode_connection_close_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                         const ngtcp2_connection_close *fr);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_encode_max_data_frame encodes MAX_DATA frame |fr| into
+ * the buffer pointed by |out| of length |outlen|.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes written if it succeeds,
+ * or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF
+ *     Buffer does not have enough capacity to write a frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_encode_max_data_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                              const ngtcp2_max_data *fr);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_encode_max_stream_data_frame encodes MAX_STREAM_DATA
+ * frame |fr| into the buffer pointed by |out| of length |outlen|.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes written if it succeeds,
+ * or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF
+ *     Buffer does not have enough capacity to write a frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize
+ngtcp2_pkt_encode_max_stream_data_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                        const ngtcp2_max_stream_data *fr);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_encode_max_streams_frame encodes MAX_STREAMS
+ * frame |fr| into the buffer pointed by |out| of length |outlen|.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes written if it succeeds,
+ * or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF
+ *     Buffer does not have enough capacity to write a frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_encode_max_streams_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                                 const ngtcp2_max_streams *fr);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_encode_ping_frame encodes PING frame |fr| into the
+ * buffer pointed by |out| of length |outlen|.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes written if it succeeds,
+ * or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF
+ *     Buffer does not have enough capacity to write a frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_encode_ping_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                          const ngtcp2_ping *fr);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_encode_data_blocked_frame encodes DATA_BLOCKED frame
+ * |fr| into the buffer pointed by |out| of length |outlen|.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes written if it succeeds,
+ * or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF
+ *     Buffer does not have enough capacity to write a frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize
+ngtcp2_pkt_encode_data_blocked_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                     const ngtcp2_data_blocked *fr);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_encode_stream_data_blocked_frame encodes
+ * STREAM_DATA_BLOCKED frame |fr| into the buffer pointed by |out| of
+ * length |outlen|.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes written if it succeeds,
+ * or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF
+ *     Buffer does not have enough capacity to write a frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_encode_stream_data_blocked_frame(
+    uint8_t *out, size_t outlen, const ngtcp2_stream_data_blocked *fr);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_encode_streams_blocked_frame encodes STREAMS_BLOCKED
+ * frame |fr| into the buffer pointed by |out| of length |outlen|.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes written if it succeeds,
+ * or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF
+ *     Buffer does not have enough capacity to write a frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize
+ngtcp2_pkt_encode_streams_blocked_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                        const ngtcp2_streams_blocked *fr);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_encode_new_connection_id_frame encodes NEW_CONNECTION_ID
+ * frame |fr| into the buffer pointed by |out| of length |outlen|.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes written if it succeeds,
+ * or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF
+ *     Buffer does not have enough capacity to write a frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize
+ngtcp2_pkt_encode_new_connection_id_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                          const ngtcp2_new_connection_id *fr);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_encode_stop_sending_frame encodes STOP_SENDING frame
+ * |fr| into the buffer pointed by |out| of length |outlen|.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes written if it succeeds,
+ * or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF
+ *     Buffer does not have enough capacity to write a frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize
+ngtcp2_pkt_encode_stop_sending_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                     const ngtcp2_stop_sending *fr);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_encode_path_challenge_frame encodes PATH_CHALLENGE frame
+ * |fr| into the buffer pointed by |out| of length |outlen|.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes written if it succeeds,
+ * or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF
+ *     Buffer does not have enough capacity to write a frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize
+ngtcp2_pkt_encode_path_challenge_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                       const ngtcp2_path_challenge *fr);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_encode_path_response_frame encodes PATH_RESPONSE frame
+ * |fr| into the buffer pointed by |out| of length |outlen|.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes written if it succeeds,
+ * or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF
+ *     Buffer does not have enough capacity to write a frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize
+ngtcp2_pkt_encode_path_response_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                      const ngtcp2_path_response *fr);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_encode_crypto_frame encodes CRYPTO frame |fr| into the
+ * buffer pointed by |out| of length |outlen|.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes written if it succeeds,
+ * or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF
+ *     Buffer does not have enough capacity to write a frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_encode_crypto_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                            const ngtcp2_crypto *fr);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_encode_new_token_frame encodes NEW_TOKEN frame |fr| into
+ * the buffer pointed by |out| of length |outlen|.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes written if it succeeds,
+ * or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF
+ *     Buffer does not have enough capacity to write a frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_encode_new_token_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                               const ngtcp2_new_token *fr);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_encode_retire_connection_id_frame encodes RETIRE_CONNECTION_ID
+ * frame |fr| into the buffer pointed by |out| of length |outlen|.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes written if it succeeds,
+ * or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF
+ *     Buffer does not have enough capacity to write a frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_encode_retire_connection_id_frame(
+    uint8_t *out, size_t outlen, const ngtcp2_retire_connection_id *fr);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_encode_handshake_done_frame encodes HANDSHAKE_DONE frame
+ * |fr| into the buffer pointed by |out| of length |outlen|.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes written if it succeeds,
+ * or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF
+ *     Buffer does not have enough capacity to write a frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize
+ngtcp2_pkt_encode_handshake_done_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                       const ngtcp2_handshake_done *fr);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_encode_datagram_frame encodes DATAGRAM frame |fr| into
+ * the buffer pointed by |out| of length |outlen|.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes written if it succeeds,
+ * or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF
+ *     Buffer does not have enough capacity to write a frame.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_encode_datagram_frame(uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                                              const ngtcp2_datagram *fr);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_adjust_pkt_num find the full 64 bits packet number for
+ * |pkt_num|, which is expected to be least significant |n| bits.  The
+ * |max_pkt_num| is the highest successfully authenticated packet
+ * number.
+ */
+int64_t ngtcp2_pkt_adjust_pkt_num(int64_t max_pkt_num, int64_t pkt_num,
+                                  size_t n);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_validate_ack checks that ack is malformed or not.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_ACK_FRAME
+ *     ACK frame is malformed
+ */
+int ngtcp2_pkt_validate_ack(ngtcp2_ack *fr);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_stream_max_datalen returns the maximum number of bytes
+ * which can be sent for stream denoted by |stream_id|.  |offset| is
+ * an offset of within the stream.  |len| is the estimated number of
+ * bytes to be sent.  |left| is the size of buffer.  If |left| is too
+ * small to write STREAM frame, this function returns (size_t)-1.
+ */
+size_t ngtcp2_pkt_stream_max_datalen(int64_t stream_id, uint64_t offset,
+                                     uint64_t len, size_t left);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_crypto_max_datalen returns the maximum number of bytes
+ * which can be sent for crypto stream.  |offset| is an offset of
+ * within the crypto stream.  |len| is the estimated number of bytes
+ * to be sent.  |left| is the size of buffer.  If |left| is too small
+ * to write CRYPTO frame, this function returns (size_t)-1.
+ */
+size_t ngtcp2_pkt_crypto_max_datalen(uint64_t offset, size_t len, size_t left);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_datagram_framelen returns the length of DATAGRAM frame
+ * to encode |len| bytes of data.
+ */
+size_t ngtcp2_pkt_datagram_framelen(size_t len);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_verify_reserved_bits verifies that the first byte |c| of
+ * the packet header has the correct reserved bits.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO
+ *     Reserved bits has wrong value.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_pkt_verify_reserved_bits(uint8_t c);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_encode_pseudo_retry encodes Retry pseudo-packet in the
+ * buffer pointed by |dest| of length |destlen|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_BUF
+ *     Buffer is too short.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_pkt_encode_pseudo_retry(
+    uint8_t *dest, size_t destlen, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd, uint8_t unused,
+    const ngtcp2_cid *odcid, const uint8_t *token, size_t tokenlen);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_verify_retry_tag verifies Retry packet.  The buffer
+ * pointed by |pkt| of length |pktlen| must contain Retry packet
+ * including packet header.  The odcid and tag fields of |retry| must
+ * be specified.  |aead| must be AEAD_AES_128_GCM.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_PROTO
+ *     Verification failed.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_pkt_verify_retry_tag(uint32_t version, const ngtcp2_pkt_retry *retry,
+                                const uint8_t *pkt, size_t pktlen,
+                                ngtcp2_encrypt encrypt,
+                                const ngtcp2_crypto_aead *aead,
+                                const ngtcp2_crypto_aead_ctx *aead_ctx);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pkt_versioned_type returns versioned packet type for a
+ * version |version| that corresponds to the version-independent
+ * |pkt_type|.
+ */
+uint8_t ngtcp2_pkt_versioned_type(uint32_t version, uint32_t pkt_type);
+
+/**
+ * @function
+ *
+ * `ngtcp2_pkt_get_type_long` returns the version-independent long
+ * packet type.  |version| is the QUIC version.  |c| is the first byte
+ * of Long packet header.  If |version| is not supported by the
+ * library, it returns 0.
+ */
+uint8_t ngtcp2_pkt_get_type_long(uint32_t version, uint8_t c);
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_PKT_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_pmtud.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_pmtud.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..771ef5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_pmtud.c
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2022 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_pmtud.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_mem.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_macro.h"
+
+/* NGTCP2_PMTUD_PROBE_NUM_MAX is the maximum number of packets sent
+   for each probe. */
+#define NGTCP2_PMTUD_PROBE_NUM_MAX 3
+
+static size_t mtu_probes[] = {
+    1454 - 48, /* The well known MTU used by a domestic optic fiber
+                  service in Japan. */
+    1390 - 48, /* Typical Tunneled MTU */
+    1280 - 48, /* IPv6 minimum MTU */
+    1492 - 48, /* PPPoE */
+};
+
+#define NGTCP2_MTU_PROBESLEN ngtcp2_arraylen(mtu_probes)
+
+int ngtcp2_pmtud_new(ngtcp2_pmtud **ppmtud, size_t max_udp_payload_size,
+                     size_t hard_max_udp_payload_size, int64_t tx_pkt_num,
+                     const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  ngtcp2_pmtud *pmtud = ngtcp2_mem_malloc(mem, sizeof(ngtcp2_pmtud));
+
+  if (pmtud == NULL) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  pmtud->mem = mem;
+  pmtud->mtu_idx = 0;
+  pmtud->num_pkts_sent = 0;
+  pmtud->expiry = UINT64_MAX;
+  pmtud->tx_pkt_num = tx_pkt_num;
+  pmtud->max_udp_payload_size = max_udp_payload_size;
+  pmtud->hard_max_udp_payload_size = hard_max_udp_payload_size;
+  pmtud->min_fail_udp_payload_size = SIZE_MAX;
+
+  for (; pmtud->mtu_idx < NGTCP2_MTU_PROBESLEN; ++pmtud->mtu_idx) {
+    if (mtu_probes[pmtud->mtu_idx] > pmtud->hard_max_udp_payload_size) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (mtu_probes[pmtud->mtu_idx] > pmtud->max_udp_payload_size) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  *ppmtud = pmtud;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_pmtud_del(ngtcp2_pmtud *pmtud) {
+  if (!pmtud) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_mem_free(pmtud->mem, pmtud);
+}
+
+size_t ngtcp2_pmtud_probelen(ngtcp2_pmtud *pmtud) {
+  assert(pmtud->mtu_idx < NGTCP2_MTU_PROBESLEN);
+
+  return mtu_probes[pmtud->mtu_idx];
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_pmtud_probe_sent(ngtcp2_pmtud *pmtud, ngtcp2_duration pto,
+                             ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_tstamp timeout;
+
+  if (++pmtud->num_pkts_sent < NGTCP2_PMTUD_PROBE_NUM_MAX) {
+    timeout = pto;
+  } else {
+    timeout = 3 * pto;
+  }
+
+  pmtud->expiry = ts + timeout;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_pmtud_require_probe(ngtcp2_pmtud *pmtud) {
+  return pmtud->expiry == UINT64_MAX;
+}
+
+static void pmtud_next_probe(ngtcp2_pmtud *pmtud) {
+  assert(pmtud->mtu_idx < NGTCP2_MTU_PROBESLEN);
+
+  ++pmtud->mtu_idx;
+  pmtud->num_pkts_sent = 0;
+  pmtud->expiry = UINT64_MAX;
+
+  for (; pmtud->mtu_idx < NGTCP2_MTU_PROBESLEN; ++pmtud->mtu_idx) {
+    if (mtu_probes[pmtud->mtu_idx] <= pmtud->max_udp_payload_size ||
+        mtu_probes[pmtud->mtu_idx] > pmtud->hard_max_udp_payload_size) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (mtu_probes[pmtud->mtu_idx] < pmtud->min_fail_udp_payload_size) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_pmtud_probe_success(ngtcp2_pmtud *pmtud, size_t payloadlen) {
+  pmtud->max_udp_payload_size =
+      ngtcp2_max(pmtud->max_udp_payload_size, payloadlen);
+
+  assert(pmtud->mtu_idx < NGTCP2_MTU_PROBESLEN);
+
+  if (mtu_probes[pmtud->mtu_idx] > pmtud->max_udp_payload_size) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  pmtud_next_probe(pmtud);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_pmtud_handle_expiry(ngtcp2_pmtud *pmtud, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  if (ts < pmtud->expiry) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  pmtud->expiry = UINT64_MAX;
+
+  if (pmtud->num_pkts_sent < NGTCP2_PMTUD_PROBE_NUM_MAX) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  pmtud->min_fail_udp_payload_size =
+      ngtcp2_min(pmtud->min_fail_udp_payload_size, mtu_probes[pmtud->mtu_idx]);
+
+  pmtud_next_probe(pmtud);
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_pmtud_finished(ngtcp2_pmtud *pmtud) {
+  return pmtud->mtu_idx >= NGTCP2_MTU_PROBESLEN;
+}
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_pmtud.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_pmtud.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b2e691
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_pmtud.h
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2022 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_PMTUD_H
+#define NGTCP2_PMTUD_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_pmtud {
+  const ngtcp2_mem *mem;
+  /* mtu_idx is the index of UDP payload size candidates to try
+     out. */
+  size_t mtu_idx;
+  /* num_pkts_sent is the number of mtu_idx sized UDP datagram payload
+     sent */
+  size_t num_pkts_sent;
+  /* expiry is the expired, if it is reached, send out the next UDP
+     datagram.  UINT64_MAX means no expiry, or expiration is canceled.
+     In either case, new probe packet should be sent unless we have
+     done all attempts. */
+  ngtcp2_tstamp expiry;
+  /* tx_pkt_num is the smallest outgoing packet number where the
+     current discovery is performed.  In other words, acknowledging
+     packet whose packet number lower than that does not indicate the
+     success of Path MTU Discovery. */
+  int64_t tx_pkt_num;
+  /* max_udp_payload_size is the maximum UDP payload size which is
+     known to work. */
+  size_t max_udp_payload_size;
+  /* hard_max_udp_payload_size is the maximum UDP payload size that is
+     going to be probed. */
+  size_t hard_max_udp_payload_size;
+  /* min_fail_udp_payload_size is the minimum UDP payload size that is
+     known to fail. */
+  size_t min_fail_udp_payload_size;
+} ngtcp2_pmtud;
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pmtud_new creates new ngtcp2_pmtud object, and assigns its
+ * pointer to |*ppmtud|.  |max_udp_payload_size| is the maximum UDP
+ * payload size that is known to work for the current path.
+ * |tx_pkt_num| should be the next packet number to send, which is
+ * used to differentiate the PMTUD probe packet sent by the previous
+ * PMTUD.  PMTUD might finish immediately if |max_udp_payload_size| is
+ * larger than or equal to all UDP payload probe candidates.
+ * Therefore, call ngtcp2_pmtud_finished to check this situation.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_pmtud_new(ngtcp2_pmtud **ppmtud, size_t max_udp_payload_size,
+                     size_t hard_max_udp_payload_size, int64_t tx_pkt_num,
+                     const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pmtud_del deletes |pmtud|.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_pmtud_del(ngtcp2_pmtud *pmtud);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pmtud_probelen returns the length of UDP payload size for a
+ * PMTUD probe packet.
+ */
+size_t ngtcp2_pmtud_probelen(ngtcp2_pmtud *pmtud);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pmtud_probe_sent should be invoked when a PMTUD probe packet is
+ * sent.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_pmtud_probe_sent(ngtcp2_pmtud *pmtud, ngtcp2_duration pto,
+                             ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pmtud_require_probe returns nonzero if a PMTUD probe packet
+ * should be sent.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_pmtud_require_probe(ngtcp2_pmtud *pmtud);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pmtud_probe_success should be invoked when a PMTUD probe
+ * UDP datagram sized |payloadlen| is acknowledged.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_pmtud_probe_success(ngtcp2_pmtud *pmtud, size_t payloadlen);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pmtud_handle_expiry handles expiry.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_pmtud_handle_expiry(ngtcp2_pmtud *pmtud, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pmtud_finished returns nonzero if PMTUD has finished.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_pmtud_finished(ngtcp2_pmtud *pmtud);
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_PMTUD_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_ppe.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_ppe.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffba131
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_ppe.c
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_ppe.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_str.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_conv.h"
+
+void ngtcp2_ppe_init(ngtcp2_ppe *ppe, uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                     ngtcp2_crypto_cc *cc) {
+  ngtcp2_buf_init(&ppe->buf, out, outlen);
+
+  ppe->hdlen = 0;
+  ppe->len_offset = 0;
+  ppe->pkt_num_offset = 0;
+  ppe->pkt_numlen = 0;
+  ppe->pkt_num = 0;
+  ppe->sample_offset = 0;
+  ppe->cc = cc;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_ppe_encode_hd(ngtcp2_ppe *ppe, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd) {
+  ngtcp2_ssize rv;
+  ngtcp2_buf *buf = &ppe->buf;
+  ngtcp2_crypto_cc *cc = ppe->cc;
+
+  if (ngtcp2_buf_left(buf) < cc->aead.max_overhead) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF;
+  }
+
+  if (hd->flags & NGTCP2_PKT_FLAG_LONG_FORM) {
+    ppe->len_offset = 1 + 4 + 1 + hd->dcid.datalen + 1 + hd->scid.datalen;
+    if (hd->type == NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL) {
+      ppe->len_offset += ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen(hd->tokenlen) + hd->tokenlen;
+    }
+    ppe->pkt_num_offset = ppe->len_offset + NGTCP2_PKT_LENGTHLEN;
+    rv = ngtcp2_pkt_encode_hd_long(
+        buf->last, ngtcp2_buf_left(buf) - cc->aead.max_overhead, hd);
+  } else {
+    ppe->pkt_num_offset = 1 + hd->dcid.datalen;
+    rv = ngtcp2_pkt_encode_hd_short(
+        buf->last, ngtcp2_buf_left(buf) - cc->aead.max_overhead, hd);
+  }
+  if (rv < 0) {
+    return (int)rv;
+  }
+
+  ppe->sample_offset = ppe->pkt_num_offset + 4;
+
+  buf->last += rv;
+
+  ppe->pkt_numlen = hd->pkt_numlen;
+  ppe->hdlen = (size_t)rv;
+
+  ppe->pkt_num = hd->pkt_num;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_ppe_encode_frame(ngtcp2_ppe *ppe, ngtcp2_frame *fr) {
+  ngtcp2_ssize rv;
+  ngtcp2_buf *buf = &ppe->buf;
+  ngtcp2_crypto_cc *cc = ppe->cc;
+
+  if (ngtcp2_buf_left(buf) < cc->aead.max_overhead) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF;
+  }
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_pkt_encode_frame(
+      buf->last, ngtcp2_buf_left(buf) - cc->aead.max_overhead, fr);
+  if (rv < 0) {
+    return (int)rv;
+  }
+
+  buf->last += rv;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_ppe_final(ngtcp2_ppe *ppe, const uint8_t **ppkt) {
+  ngtcp2_buf *buf = &ppe->buf;
+  ngtcp2_crypto_cc *cc = ppe->cc;
+  uint8_t *payload = buf->begin + ppe->hdlen;
+  size_t payloadlen = ngtcp2_buf_len(buf) - ppe->hdlen;
+  uint8_t mask[NGTCP2_HP_SAMPLELEN];
+  uint8_t *p;
+  size_t i;
+  int rv;
+
+  assert(cc->encrypt);
+  assert(cc->hp_mask);
+
+  if (ppe->len_offset) {
+    ngtcp2_put_uvarint30(
+        buf->begin + ppe->len_offset,
+        (uint16_t)(payloadlen + ppe->pkt_numlen + cc->aead.max_overhead));
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_crypto_create_nonce(ppe->nonce, cc->ckm->iv.base, cc->ckm->iv.len,
+                             ppe->pkt_num);
+
+  rv = cc->encrypt(payload, &cc->aead, &cc->ckm->aead_ctx, payload, payloadlen,
+                   ppe->nonce, cc->ckm->iv.len, buf->begin, ppe->hdlen);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  buf->last = payload + payloadlen + cc->aead.max_overhead;
+
+  /* TODO Check that we have enough space to get sample */
+  assert(ppe->sample_offset + NGTCP2_HP_SAMPLELEN <= ngtcp2_buf_len(buf));
+
+  rv = cc->hp_mask(mask, &cc->hp, &cc->hp_ctx, buf->begin + ppe->sample_offset);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  p = buf->begin;
+  if (*p & NGTCP2_HEADER_FORM_BIT) {
+    *p = (uint8_t)(*p ^ (mask[0] & 0x0f));
+  } else {
+    *p = (uint8_t)(*p ^ (mask[0] & 0x1f));
+  }
+
+  p = buf->begin + ppe->pkt_num_offset;
+  for (i = 0; i < ppe->pkt_numlen; ++i) {
+    *(p + i) ^= mask[i + 1];
+  }
+
+  if (ppkt != NULL) {
+    *ppkt = buf->begin;
+  }
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)ngtcp2_buf_len(buf);
+}
+
+size_t ngtcp2_ppe_left(ngtcp2_ppe *ppe) {
+  ngtcp2_crypto_cc *cc = ppe->cc;
+
+  if (ngtcp2_buf_left(&ppe->buf) < cc->aead.max_overhead) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  return ngtcp2_buf_left(&ppe->buf) - cc->aead.max_overhead;
+}
+
+size_t ngtcp2_ppe_pktlen(ngtcp2_ppe *ppe) {
+  ngtcp2_crypto_cc *cc = ppe->cc;
+
+  return ngtcp2_buf_len(&ppe->buf) + cc->aead.max_overhead;
+}
+
+size_t ngtcp2_ppe_padding(ngtcp2_ppe *ppe) {
+  ngtcp2_crypto_cc *cc = ppe->cc;
+  ngtcp2_buf *buf = &ppe->buf;
+  size_t len;
+
+  assert(ngtcp2_buf_left(buf) >= cc->aead.max_overhead);
+
+  len = ngtcp2_buf_left(buf) - cc->aead.max_overhead;
+  memset(buf->last, 0, len);
+  buf->last += len;
+
+  return len;
+}
+
+size_t ngtcp2_ppe_padding_hp_sample(ngtcp2_ppe *ppe) {
+  ngtcp2_crypto_cc *cc = ppe->cc;
+  ngtcp2_buf *buf = &ppe->buf;
+  size_t max_samplelen;
+  size_t len = 0;
+
+  assert(cc->aead.max_overhead);
+
+  max_samplelen =
+      ngtcp2_buf_len(buf) + cc->aead.max_overhead - ppe->sample_offset;
+  if (max_samplelen < NGTCP2_HP_SAMPLELEN) {
+    len = NGTCP2_HP_SAMPLELEN - max_samplelen;
+    assert(ngtcp2_ppe_left(ppe) >= len);
+    memset(buf->last, 0, len);
+    buf->last += len;
+  }
+
+  return len;
+}
+
+size_t ngtcp2_ppe_padding_size(ngtcp2_ppe *ppe, size_t n) {
+  ngtcp2_crypto_cc *cc = ppe->cc;
+  ngtcp2_buf *buf = &ppe->buf;
+  size_t pktlen = ngtcp2_buf_len(buf) + cc->aead.max_overhead;
+  size_t len;
+
+  if (pktlen >= n) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  len = n - pktlen;
+  buf->last = ngtcp2_setmem(buf->last, 0, len);
+
+  return len;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_ppe_ensure_hp_sample(ngtcp2_ppe *ppe) {
+  ngtcp2_buf *buf = &ppe->buf;
+  return ngtcp2_buf_left(buf) >= (4 - ppe->pkt_numlen) + NGTCP2_HP_SAMPLELEN;
+}
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_ppe.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_ppe.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf220df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_ppe.h
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_PPE_H
+#define NGTCP2_PPE_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_pkt.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_buf.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_crypto.h"
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ppe is the Protected Packet Encoder.
+ */
+typedef struct ngtcp2_ppe {
+  ngtcp2_buf buf;
+  ngtcp2_crypto_cc *cc;
+  /* hdlen is the number of bytes for packet header written in buf. */
+  size_t hdlen;
+  /* len_offset is the offset to Length field. */
+  size_t len_offset;
+  /* pkt_num_offset is the offset to packet number field. */
+  size_t pkt_num_offset;
+  /* pkt_numlen is the number of bytes used to encode a packet
+     number */
+  size_t pkt_numlen;
+  /* sample_offset is the offset to sample for packet number
+     encryption. */
+  size_t sample_offset;
+  /* pkt_num is the packet number written in buf. */
+  int64_t pkt_num;
+  /* nonce is the buffer to store nonce.  It should be equal or longer
+     than then length of IV. */
+  uint8_t nonce[32];
+} ngtcp2_ppe;
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ppe_init initializes |ppe| with the given buffer.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_ppe_init(ngtcp2_ppe *ppe, uint8_t *out, size_t outlen,
+                     ngtcp2_crypto_cc *cc);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ppe_encode_hd encodes |hd|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF
+ *     The buffer is too small.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_ppe_encode_hd(ngtcp2_ppe *ppe, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ppe_encode_frame encodes |fr|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOBUF
+ *     The buffer is too small.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_ppe_encode_frame(ngtcp2_ppe *ppe, ngtcp2_frame *fr);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ppe_final encrypts QUIC packet payload.  If |**ppkt| is not
+ * NULL, the pointer to the packet is assigned to it.
+ *
+ * This function returns the length of QUIC packet, including header,
+ * and payload if it succeeds, or one of the following negative error
+ * codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User-defined callback function failed.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_ppe_final(ngtcp2_ppe *ppe, const uint8_t **ppkt);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ppe_left returns the number of bytes left to write
+ * additional frames.  This does not count AEAD overhead.
+ */
+size_t ngtcp2_ppe_left(ngtcp2_ppe *ppe);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ppe_pktlen returns the provisional packet length.  It
+ * includes AEAD overhead.
+ */
+size_t ngtcp2_ppe_pktlen(ngtcp2_ppe *ppe);
+
+/**
+ * @function
+ *
+ * `ngtcp2_ppe_padding` encodes PADDING frames to the end of the
+ * buffer.  This function returns the number of bytes padded.
+ */
+size_t ngtcp2_ppe_padding(ngtcp2_ppe *ppe);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ppe_padding_hp_sample adds PADDING frame if the current
+ * payload does not have enough space for header protection sample.
+ * This function should be called just before calling
+ * ngtcp2_ppe_final().
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes added as padding.
+ */
+size_t ngtcp2_ppe_padding_hp_sample(ngtcp2_ppe *ppe);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ppe_padding_size adds PADDING frame so that the size of QUIC
+ * packet is at least |n| bytes long.  If it is unable to add PADDING
+ * in that way, this function still adds PADDING frame as much as
+ * possible.  This function should be called just before calling
+ * ngtcp2_ppe_final().  For Short packet, this function should be
+ * called instead of ngtcp2_ppe_padding_hp_sample.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of bytes added as padding.
+ */
+size_t ngtcp2_ppe_padding_size(ngtcp2_ppe *ppe, size_t n);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ppe_ensure_hp_sample returns nonzero if the buffer has
+ * enough space for header protection sample.  This should be called
+ * right after packet header is written.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_ppe_ensure_hp_sample(ngtcp2_ppe *ppe);
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_PPE_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_pq.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_pq.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e1003d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_pq.c
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ * Copyright (c) 2012 nghttp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_pq.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_macro.h"
+
+void ngtcp2_pq_init(ngtcp2_pq *pq, ngtcp2_less less, const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  pq->mem = mem;
+  pq->capacity = 0;
+  pq->q = NULL;
+  pq->length = 0;
+  pq->less = less;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_pq_free(ngtcp2_pq *pq) {
+  ngtcp2_mem_free(pq->mem, pq->q);
+  pq->q = NULL;
+}
+
+static void swap(ngtcp2_pq *pq, size_t i, size_t j) {
+  ngtcp2_pq_entry *a = pq->q[i];
+  ngtcp2_pq_entry *b = pq->q[j];
+
+  pq->q[i] = b;
+  b->index = i;
+  pq->q[j] = a;
+  a->index = j;
+}
+
+static void bubble_up(ngtcp2_pq *pq, size_t index) {
+  size_t parent;
+  while (index != 0) {
+    parent = (index - 1) / 2;
+    if (!pq->less(pq->q[index], pq->q[parent])) {
+      return;
+    }
+    swap(pq, parent, index);
+    index = parent;
+  }
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_pq_push(ngtcp2_pq *pq, ngtcp2_pq_entry *item) {
+  if (pq->capacity <= pq->length) {
+    void *nq;
+    size_t ncapacity;
+
+    ncapacity = ngtcp2_max(4, (pq->capacity * 2));
+
+    nq = ngtcp2_mem_realloc(pq->mem, pq->q,
+                            ncapacity * sizeof(ngtcp2_pq_entry *));
+    if (nq == NULL) {
+      return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+    }
+    pq->capacity = ncapacity;
+    pq->q = nq;
+  }
+  pq->q[pq->length] = item;
+  item->index = pq->length;
+  ++pq->length;
+  bubble_up(pq, pq->length - 1);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_pq_entry *ngtcp2_pq_top(ngtcp2_pq *pq) {
+  assert(pq->length);
+  return pq->q[0];
+}
+
+static void bubble_down(ngtcp2_pq *pq, size_t index) {
+  size_t i, j, minindex;
+  for (;;) {
+    j = index * 2 + 1;
+    minindex = index;
+    for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i, ++j) {
+      if (j >= pq->length) {
+        break;
+      }
+      if (pq->less(pq->q[j], pq->q[minindex])) {
+        minindex = j;
+      }
+    }
+    if (minindex == index) {
+      return;
+    }
+    swap(pq, index, minindex);
+    index = minindex;
+  }
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_pq_pop(ngtcp2_pq *pq) {
+  if (pq->length > 0) {
+    pq->q[0] = pq->q[pq->length - 1];
+    pq->q[0]->index = 0;
+    --pq->length;
+    bubble_down(pq, 0);
+  }
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_pq_remove(ngtcp2_pq *pq, ngtcp2_pq_entry *item) {
+  assert(pq->q[item->index] == item);
+
+  if (item->index == 0) {
+    ngtcp2_pq_pop(pq);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (item->index == pq->length - 1) {
+    --pq->length;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  pq->q[item->index] = pq->q[pq->length - 1];
+  pq->q[item->index]->index = item->index;
+  --pq->length;
+
+  if (pq->less(item, pq->q[item->index])) {
+    bubble_down(pq, item->index);
+  } else {
+    bubble_up(pq, item->index);
+  }
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_pq_empty(ngtcp2_pq *pq) { return pq->length == 0; }
+
+size_t ngtcp2_pq_size(ngtcp2_pq *pq) { return pq->length; }
+
+int ngtcp2_pq_each(ngtcp2_pq *pq, ngtcp2_pq_item_cb fun, void *arg) {
+  size_t i;
+
+  if (pq->length == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  for (i = 0; i < pq->length; ++i) {
+    if ((*fun)(pq->q[i], arg)) {
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_pq.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_pq.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..720c309
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_pq.h
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ * Copyright (c) 2012 nghttp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_PQ_H
+#define NGTCP2_PQ_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_mem.h"
+
+/* Implementation of priority queue */
+
+/* NGTCP2_PQ_BAD_INDEX is the priority queue index which indicates
+   that an entry is not queued.  Assigning this value to
+   ngtcp2_pq_entry.index can check that the entry is queued or not. */
+#define NGTCP2_PQ_BAD_INDEX SIZE_MAX
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_pq_entry {
+  size_t index;
+} ngtcp2_pq_entry;
+
+/* "less" function, return nonzero if |lhs| is less than |rhs|. */
+typedef int (*ngtcp2_less)(const ngtcp2_pq_entry *lhs,
+                           const ngtcp2_pq_entry *rhs);
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_pq {
+  /* The pointer to the pointer to the item stored */
+  ngtcp2_pq_entry **q;
+  /* Memory allocator */
+  const ngtcp2_mem *mem;
+  /* The number of items stored */
+  size_t length;
+  /* The maximum number of items this pq can store. This is
+     automatically extended when length is reached to this value. */
+  size_t capacity;
+  /* The less function between items */
+  ngtcp2_less less;
+} ngtcp2_pq;
+
+/*
+ * Initializes priority queue |pq| with compare function |cmp|.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_pq_init(ngtcp2_pq *pq, ngtcp2_less less, const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+/*
+ * Deallocates any resources allocated for |pq|.  The stored items are
+ * not freed by this function.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_pq_free(ngtcp2_pq *pq);
+
+/*
+ * Adds |item| to the priority queue |pq|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_pq_push(ngtcp2_pq *pq, ngtcp2_pq_entry *item);
+
+/*
+ * Returns item at the top of the queue |pq|.  It is undefined if the
+ * queue is empty.
+ */
+ngtcp2_pq_entry *ngtcp2_pq_top(ngtcp2_pq *pq);
+
+/*
+ * Pops item at the top of the queue |pq|. The popped item is not
+ * freed by this function.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_pq_pop(ngtcp2_pq *pq);
+
+/*
+ * Returns nonzero if the queue |pq| is empty.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_pq_empty(ngtcp2_pq *pq);
+
+/*
+ * Returns the number of items in the queue |pq|.
+ */
+size_t ngtcp2_pq_size(ngtcp2_pq *pq);
+
+typedef int (*ngtcp2_pq_item_cb)(ngtcp2_pq_entry *item, void *arg);
+
+/*
+ * Applys |fun| to each item in |pq|.  The |arg| is passed as arg
+ * parameter to callback function.  This function must not change the
+ * ordering key.  If the return value from callback is nonzero, this
+ * function returns 1 immediately without iterating remaining items.
+ * Otherwise this function returns 0.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_pq_each(ngtcp2_pq *pq, ngtcp2_pq_item_cb fun, void *arg);
+
+/*
+ * Removes |item| from priority queue.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_pq_remove(ngtcp2_pq *pq, ngtcp2_pq_entry *item);
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_PQ_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_pv.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_pv.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..314e005
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_pv.c
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_pv.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_mem.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_log.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_macro.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_addr.h"
+
+void ngtcp2_pv_entry_init(ngtcp2_pv_entry *pvent, const uint8_t *data,
+                          ngtcp2_tstamp expiry, uint8_t flags) {
+  memcpy(pvent->data, data, sizeof(pvent->data));
+  pvent->expiry = expiry;
+  pvent->flags = flags;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_pv_new(ngtcp2_pv **ppv, const ngtcp2_dcid *dcid,
+                  ngtcp2_duration timeout, uint8_t flags, ngtcp2_log *log,
+                  const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  (*ppv) = ngtcp2_mem_malloc(mem, sizeof(ngtcp2_pv));
+  if (*ppv == NULL) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_static_ringbuf_pv_ents_init(&(*ppv)->ents);
+
+  ngtcp2_dcid_copy(&(*ppv)->dcid, dcid);
+
+  (*ppv)->mem = mem;
+  (*ppv)->log = log;
+  (*ppv)->timeout = timeout;
+  (*ppv)->fallback_pto = 0;
+  (*ppv)->started_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+  (*ppv)->probe_pkt_left = NGTCP2_PV_NUM_PROBE_PKT;
+  (*ppv)->round = 0;
+  (*ppv)->flags = flags;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_pv_del(ngtcp2_pv *pv) {
+  if (pv == NULL) {
+    return;
+  }
+  ngtcp2_mem_free(pv->mem, pv);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_pv_add_entry(ngtcp2_pv *pv, const uint8_t *data,
+                         ngtcp2_tstamp expiry, uint8_t flags,
+                         ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_pv_entry *ent;
+
+  assert(pv->probe_pkt_left);
+
+  if (ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(&pv->ents.rb) == 0) {
+    pv->started_ts = ts;
+  }
+
+  ent = ngtcp2_ringbuf_push_back(&pv->ents.rb);
+  ngtcp2_pv_entry_init(ent, data, expiry, flags);
+
+  pv->flags &= (uint8_t)~NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_CANCEL_TIMER;
+  --pv->probe_pkt_left;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_pv_validate(ngtcp2_pv *pv, uint8_t *pflags, const uint8_t *data) {
+  size_t len = ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(&pv->ents.rb);
+  size_t i;
+  ngtcp2_pv_entry *ent;
+
+  if (len == 0) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_STATE;
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+    ent = ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(&pv->ents.rb, i);
+    if (memcmp(ent->data, data, sizeof(ent->data)) == 0) {
+      *pflags = ent->flags;
+      ngtcp2_log_info(pv->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_PTV, "path has been validated");
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_pv_handle_entry_expiry(ngtcp2_pv *pv, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_pv_entry *ent;
+
+  if (ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(&pv->ents.rb) == 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ent = ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(&pv->ents.rb, ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(&pv->ents.rb) - 1);
+
+  if (ent->expiry > ts) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ++pv->round;
+  pv->probe_pkt_left = NGTCP2_PV_NUM_PROBE_PKT;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_pv_should_send_probe(ngtcp2_pv *pv) {
+  return pv->probe_pkt_left > 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_pv_validation_timed_out(ngtcp2_pv *pv, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_tstamp t;
+  ngtcp2_pv_entry *ent;
+
+  if (pv->started_ts == UINT64_MAX) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  assert(ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(&pv->ents.rb));
+
+  ent = ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(&pv->ents.rb, ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(&pv->ents.rb) - 1);
+
+  t = pv->started_ts + pv->timeout;
+  t = ngtcp2_max(t, ent->expiry);
+
+  return t <= ts;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_tstamp ngtcp2_pv_next_expiry(ngtcp2_pv *pv) {
+  ngtcp2_pv_entry *ent;
+
+  if ((pv->flags & NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_CANCEL_TIMER) ||
+      ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(&pv->ents.rb) == 0) {
+    return UINT64_MAX;
+  }
+
+  ent = ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(&pv->ents.rb, ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(&pv->ents.rb) - 1);
+
+  return ent->expiry;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_pv_cancel_expired_timer(ngtcp2_pv *pv, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_tstamp expiry = ngtcp2_pv_next_expiry(pv);
+
+  if (expiry > ts) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  pv->flags |= NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_CANCEL_TIMER;
+}
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_pv.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_pv.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..293cbca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_pv.h
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_PV_H
+#define NGTCP2_PV_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_cid.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_ringbuf.h"
+
+/* NGTCP2_PV_MAX_ENTRIES is the maximum number of entries that
+   ngtcp2_pv can contain.  It must be power of 2. */
+#define NGTCP2_PV_MAX_ENTRIES 8
+/* NGTCP2_PV_NUM_PROBE_PKT is the number of probe packets containing
+   PATH_CHALLENGE sent at a time. */
+#define NGTCP2_PV_NUM_PROBE_PKT 2
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_log ngtcp2_log;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_frame_chain ngtcp2_frame_chain;
+
+/* NGTCP2_PV_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE indicates that no flag is set. */
+#define NGTCP2_PV_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE 0x00u
+/* NGTCP2_PV_ENTRY_FLAG_UNDERSIZED indicates that UDP datagram which
+   contains PATH_CHALLENGE is undersized (< 1200 bytes) */
+#define NGTCP2_PV_ENTRY_FLAG_UNDERSIZED 0x01u
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_pv_entry {
+  /* expiry is the timestamp when this PATH_CHALLENGE expires. */
+  ngtcp2_tstamp expiry;
+  /* flags is zero or more of NGTCP2_PV_ENTRY_FLAG_*. */
+  uint8_t flags;
+  /* data is a byte string included in PATH_CHALLENGE. */
+  uint8_t data[8];
+} ngtcp2_pv_entry;
+
+void ngtcp2_pv_entry_init(ngtcp2_pv_entry *pvent, const uint8_t *data,
+                          ngtcp2_tstamp expiry, uint8_t flags);
+
+/* NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_NONE indicates no flag is set. */
+#define NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_NONE 0x00u
+/* NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_DONT_CARE indicates that the outcome of path
+   validation should be ignored entirely. */
+#define NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_DONT_CARE 0x01u
+/* NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_CANCEL_TIMER indicates that the expiry timer is
+   cancelled. */
+#define NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_CANCEL_TIMER 0x02u
+/* NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_FALLBACK_ON_FAILURE indicates that fallback DCID is
+   available in ngtcp2_pv.  If path validation fails, fallback to the
+   fallback DCID.  If path validation succeeds, fallback DCID is
+   retired if it does not equal to the current DCID. */
+#define NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_FALLBACK_ON_FAILURE 0x04u
+/* NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_MTU_PROBE indicates that a validation must probe
+   least MTU that QUIC requires, which is 1200 bytes.  If it fails, a
+   path is not viable. */
+#define NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_MTU_PROBE 0x08u
+/* NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_PREFERRED_ADDR indicates that client is migrating to
+   server's preferred address.  This flag is only used by client. */
+#define NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_PREFERRED_ADDR 0x10u
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_pv ngtcp2_pv;
+
+ngtcp2_static_ringbuf_def(pv_ents, NGTCP2_PV_MAX_ENTRIES,
+                          sizeof(ngtcp2_pv_entry));
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pv is the context of a single path validation.
+ */
+struct ngtcp2_pv {
+  const ngtcp2_mem *mem;
+  ngtcp2_log *log;
+  /* dcid is DCID and path this path validation uses. */
+  ngtcp2_dcid dcid;
+  /* fallback_dcid is the usually validated DCID and used as a
+     fallback if this path validation fails. */
+  ngtcp2_dcid fallback_dcid;
+  /* ents is the ring buffer of ngtcp2_pv_entry */
+  ngtcp2_static_ringbuf_pv_ents ents;
+  /* timeout is the duration within which this path validation should
+     succeed. */
+  ngtcp2_duration timeout;
+  /* fallback_pto is PTO of fallback connection. */
+  ngtcp2_duration fallback_pto;
+  /* started_ts is the timestamp this path validation starts. */
+  ngtcp2_tstamp started_ts;
+  /* round is the number of times that probe_pkt_left is reset. */
+  size_t round;
+  /* probe_pkt_left is the number of probe packets containing
+     PATH_CHALLENGE which can be send without waiting for an
+     expiration of a previous flight. */
+  size_t probe_pkt_left;
+  /* flags is bitwise-OR of zero or more of NGTCP2_PV_FLAG_*. */
+  uint8_t flags;
+};
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pv_new creates new ngtcp2_pv object and assigns its pointer
+ * to |*ppv|.  This function makes a copy of |dcid|.  |timeout| is a
+ * duration within which this path validation must succeed.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory
+ */
+int ngtcp2_pv_new(ngtcp2_pv **ppv, const ngtcp2_dcid *dcid,
+                  ngtcp2_duration timeout, uint8_t flags, ngtcp2_log *log,
+                  const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pv_del deallocates |pv|.  This function frees memory |pv|
+ * points too.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_pv_del(ngtcp2_pv *pv);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pv_add_entry adds new entry with |data|.  |expiry| is the
+ * expiry time of the entry.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_pv_add_entry(ngtcp2_pv *pv, const uint8_t *data,
+                         ngtcp2_tstamp expiry, uint8_t flags, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pv_full returns nonzero if |pv| is full of ngtcp2_pv_entry.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_pv_full(ngtcp2_pv *pv);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pv_validate validates that the received |data| matches the
+ * one of the existing entry.  The flag of ngtcp2_pv_entry that
+ * matches |data| is assigned to |*pflags| if this function succeeds.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_PATH_VALIDATION_FAILED
+ *     path validation has failed and must be abandoned
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_STATE
+ *     |pv| includes no entry
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT
+ *     |pv| does not have an entry which has |data| and |path|
+ */
+int ngtcp2_pv_validate(ngtcp2_pv *pv, uint8_t *pflags, const uint8_t *data);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pv_handle_entry_expiry checks expiry of existing entries.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_pv_handle_entry_expiry(ngtcp2_pv *pv, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pv_should_send_probe returns nonzero if new entry can be
+ * added by ngtcp2_pv_add_entry.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_pv_should_send_probe(ngtcp2_pv *pv);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pv_validation_timed_out returns nonzero if the path
+ * validation fails because of timeout.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_pv_validation_timed_out(ngtcp2_pv *pv, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pv_next_expiry returns the earliest expiry.
+ */
+ngtcp2_tstamp ngtcp2_pv_next_expiry(ngtcp2_pv *pv);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_pv_cancel_expired_timer cancels the expired timer.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_pv_cancel_expired_timer(ngtcp2_pv *pv, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_PV_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_qlog.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_qlog.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5107f44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_qlog.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1218 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_qlog.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_str.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_vec.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_conv.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_net.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_unreachable.h"
+
+void ngtcp2_qlog_init(ngtcp2_qlog *qlog, ngtcp2_qlog_write write,
+                      ngtcp2_tstamp ts, void *user_data) {
+  qlog->write = write;
+  qlog->ts = qlog->last_ts = ts;
+  qlog->user_data = user_data;
+}
+
+#define write_verbatim(DEST, S) ngtcp2_cpymem((DEST), (S), sizeof(S) - 1)
+
+static uint8_t *write_string_impl(uint8_t *p, const uint8_t *data,
+                                  size_t datalen) {
+  *p++ = '"';
+  if (datalen) {
+    p = ngtcp2_cpymem(p, data, datalen);
+  }
+  *p++ = '"';
+  return p;
+}
+
+#define write_string(DEST, S)                                                  \
+  write_string_impl((DEST), (const uint8_t *)(S), sizeof(S) - 1)
+
+#define NGTCP2_LOWER_XDIGITS "0123456789abcdef"
+
+static uint8_t *write_hex(uint8_t *p, const uint8_t *data, size_t datalen) {
+  const uint8_t *b = data, *end = data + datalen;
+  *p++ = '"';
+  for (; b != end; ++b) {
+    *p++ = (uint8_t)NGTCP2_LOWER_XDIGITS[*b >> 4];
+    *p++ = (uint8_t)NGTCP2_LOWER_XDIGITS[*b & 0xf];
+  }
+  *p++ = '"';
+  return p;
+}
+
+static uint8_t *write_cid(uint8_t *p, const ngtcp2_cid *cid) {
+  return write_hex(p, cid->data, cid->datalen);
+}
+
+static uint8_t *write_number(uint8_t *p, uint64_t n) {
+  size_t nlen = 0;
+  uint64_t t;
+  uint8_t *res;
+
+  if (n == 0) {
+    *p++ = '0';
+    return p;
+  }
+  for (t = n; t; t /= 10, ++nlen)
+    ;
+  p += nlen;
+  res = p;
+  for (; n; n /= 10) {
+    *--p = (uint8_t)((n % 10) + '0');
+  }
+  return res;
+}
+
+static uint8_t *write_tstamp(uint8_t *p, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  return write_number(p, ts / NGTCP2_MILLISECONDS);
+}
+
+static uint8_t *write_duration(uint8_t *p, ngtcp2_duration duration) {
+  return write_number(p, duration / NGTCP2_MILLISECONDS);
+}
+
+static uint8_t *write_bool(uint8_t *p, int b) {
+  if (b) {
+    return ngtcp2_cpymem(p, "true", sizeof("true") - 1);
+  }
+  return ngtcp2_cpymem(p, "false", sizeof("false") - 1);
+}
+
+static uint8_t *write_pair_impl(uint8_t *p, const uint8_t *name, size_t namelen,
+                                const ngtcp2_vec *value) {
+  p = write_string_impl(p, name, namelen);
+  *p++ = ':';
+  return write_string_impl(p, value->base, value->len);
+}
+
+#define write_pair(DEST, NAME, VALUE)                                          \
+  write_pair_impl((DEST), (const uint8_t *)(NAME), sizeof(NAME) - 1, (VALUE))
+
+static uint8_t *write_pair_hex_impl(uint8_t *p, const uint8_t *name,
+                                    size_t namelen, const uint8_t *value,
+                                    size_t valuelen) {
+  p = write_string_impl(p, name, namelen);
+  *p++ = ':';
+  return write_hex(p, value, valuelen);
+}
+
+#define write_pair_hex(DEST, NAME, VALUE, VALUELEN)                            \
+  write_pair_hex_impl((DEST), (const uint8_t *)(NAME), sizeof(NAME) - 1,       \
+                      (VALUE), (VALUELEN))
+
+static uint8_t *write_pair_number_impl(uint8_t *p, const uint8_t *name,
+                                       size_t namelen, uint64_t value) {
+  p = write_string_impl(p, name, namelen);
+  *p++ = ':';
+  return write_number(p, value);
+}
+
+#define write_pair_number(DEST, NAME, VALUE)                                   \
+  write_pair_number_impl((DEST), (const uint8_t *)(NAME), sizeof(NAME) - 1,    \
+                         (VALUE))
+
+static uint8_t *write_pair_duration_impl(uint8_t *p, const uint8_t *name,
+                                         size_t namelen,
+                                         ngtcp2_duration duration) {
+  p = write_string_impl(p, name, namelen);
+  *p++ = ':';
+  return write_duration(p, duration);
+}
+
+#define write_pair_duration(DEST, NAME, VALUE)                                 \
+  write_pair_duration_impl((DEST), (const uint8_t *)(NAME), sizeof(NAME) - 1,  \
+                           (VALUE))
+
+static uint8_t *write_pair_tstamp_impl(uint8_t *p, const uint8_t *name,
+                                       size_t namelen, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  p = write_string_impl(p, name, namelen);
+  *p++ = ':';
+  return write_tstamp(p, ts);
+}
+
+#define write_pair_tstamp(DEST, NAME, VALUE)                                   \
+  write_pair_tstamp_impl((DEST), (const uint8_t *)(NAME), sizeof(NAME) - 1,    \
+                         (VALUE))
+
+static uint8_t *write_pair_bool_impl(uint8_t *p, const uint8_t *name,
+                                     size_t namelen, int b) {
+  p = write_string_impl(p, name, namelen);
+  *p++ = ':';
+  return write_bool(p, b);
+}
+
+#define write_pair_bool(DEST, NAME, VALUE)                                     \
+  write_pair_bool_impl((DEST), (const uint8_t *)(NAME), sizeof(NAME) - 1,      \
+                       (VALUE))
+
+static uint8_t *write_pair_cid_impl(uint8_t *p, const uint8_t *name,
+                                    size_t namelen, const ngtcp2_cid *cid) {
+  p = write_string_impl(p, name, namelen);
+  *p++ = ':';
+  return write_cid(p, cid);
+}
+
+#define write_pair_cid(DEST, NAME, VALUE)                                      \
+  write_pair_cid_impl((DEST), (const uint8_t *)(NAME), sizeof(NAME) - 1,       \
+                      (VALUE))
+
+#define ngtcp2_make_vec_lit(S)                                                 \
+  { (uint8_t *)(S), sizeof((S)) - 1 }
+
+static uint8_t *write_common_fields(uint8_t *p, const ngtcp2_cid *odcid) {
+  p = write_verbatim(
+      p, "\"common_fields\":{\"protocol_type\":[\"QUIC\"],\"time_format\":"
+         "\"relative\",\"reference_time\":0,\"group_id\":");
+  p = write_cid(p, odcid);
+  *p++ = '}';
+  return p;
+}
+
+static uint8_t *write_trace(uint8_t *p, int server, const ngtcp2_cid *odcid) {
+  p = write_verbatim(
+      p, "\"trace\":{\"vantage_point\":{\"name\":\"ngtcp2\",\"type\":");
+  if (server) {
+    p = write_string(p, "server");
+  } else {
+    p = write_string(p, "client");
+  }
+  p = write_verbatim(p, "},");
+  p = write_common_fields(p, odcid);
+  *p++ = '}';
+  return p;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_qlog_start(ngtcp2_qlog *qlog, const ngtcp2_cid *odcid, int server) {
+  uint8_t buf[1024];
+  uint8_t *p = buf;
+
+  if (!qlog->write) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  p = write_verbatim(
+      p, "\x1e{\"qlog_format\":\"JSON-SEQ\",\"qlog_version\":\"0.3\",");
+  p = write_trace(p, server, odcid);
+  p = write_verbatim(p, "}\n");
+
+  qlog->write(qlog->user_data, NGTCP2_QLOG_WRITE_FLAG_NONE, buf,
+              (size_t)(p - buf));
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_qlog_end(ngtcp2_qlog *qlog) {
+  uint8_t buf[1] = {0};
+
+  if (!qlog->write) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  qlog->write(qlog->user_data, NGTCP2_QLOG_WRITE_FLAG_FIN, &buf, 0);
+}
+
+static ngtcp2_vec vec_pkt_type_initial = ngtcp2_make_vec_lit("initial");
+static ngtcp2_vec vec_pkt_type_handshake = ngtcp2_make_vec_lit("handshake");
+static ngtcp2_vec vec_pkt_type_0rtt = ngtcp2_make_vec_lit("0RTT");
+static ngtcp2_vec vec_pkt_type_1rtt = ngtcp2_make_vec_lit("1RTT");
+static ngtcp2_vec vec_pkt_type_retry = ngtcp2_make_vec_lit("retry");
+static ngtcp2_vec vec_pkt_type_version_negotiation =
+    ngtcp2_make_vec_lit("version_negotiation");
+static ngtcp2_vec vec_pkt_type_stateless_reset =
+    ngtcp2_make_vec_lit("stateless_reset");
+static ngtcp2_vec vec_pkt_type_unknown = ngtcp2_make_vec_lit("unknown");
+
+static const ngtcp2_vec *qlog_pkt_type(const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd) {
+  if (hd->flags & NGTCP2_PKT_FLAG_LONG_FORM) {
+    switch (hd->type) {
+    case NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL:
+      return &vec_pkt_type_initial;
+    case NGTCP2_PKT_HANDSHAKE:
+      return &vec_pkt_type_handshake;
+    case NGTCP2_PKT_0RTT:
+      return &vec_pkt_type_0rtt;
+    case NGTCP2_PKT_RETRY:
+      return &vec_pkt_type_retry;
+    default:
+      return &vec_pkt_type_unknown;
+    }
+  }
+
+  switch (hd->type) {
+  case NGTCP2_PKT_VERSION_NEGOTIATION:
+    return &vec_pkt_type_version_negotiation;
+  case NGTCP2_PKT_STATELESS_RESET:
+    return &vec_pkt_type_stateless_reset;
+  case NGTCP2_PKT_1RTT:
+    return &vec_pkt_type_1rtt;
+  default:
+    return &vec_pkt_type_unknown;
+  }
+}
+
+static uint8_t *write_pkt_hd(uint8_t *p, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd) {
+  /*
+   * {"packet_type":"version_negotiation","packet_number":"0000000000000000000","token":{"data":""}}
+   */
+#define NGTCP2_QLOG_PKT_HD_OVERHEAD 95
+
+  *p++ = '{';
+  p = write_pair(p, "packet_type", qlog_pkt_type(hd));
+  *p++ = ',';
+  p = write_pair_number(p, "packet_number", (uint64_t)hd->pkt_num);
+  if (hd->type == NGTCP2_PKT_INITIAL && hd->tokenlen) {
+    p = write_verbatim(p, ",\"token\":{");
+    p = write_pair_hex(p, "data", hd->token, hd->tokenlen);
+    *p++ = '}';
+  }
+  /* TODO Write DCIL and DCID */
+  /* TODO Write SCIL and SCID */
+  *p++ = '}';
+  return p;
+}
+
+static uint8_t *write_padding_frame(uint8_t *p, const ngtcp2_padding *fr) {
+  (void)fr;
+
+  /* {"frame_type":"padding"} */
+#define NGTCP2_QLOG_PADDING_FRAME_OVERHEAD 24
+
+  return write_verbatim(p, "{\"frame_type\":\"padding\"}");
+}
+
+static uint8_t *write_ping_frame(uint8_t *p, const ngtcp2_ping *fr) {
+  (void)fr;
+
+  /* {"frame_type":"ping"} */
+#define NGTCP2_QLOG_PING_FRAME_OVERHEAD 21
+
+  return write_verbatim(p, "{\"frame_type\":\"ping\"}");
+}
+
+static uint8_t *write_ack_frame(uint8_t *p, const ngtcp2_ack *fr) {
+  int64_t largest_ack, min_ack;
+  size_t i;
+  const ngtcp2_ack_range *range;
+
+  /*
+   * {"frame_type":"ack","ack_delay":0000000000000000000,"acked_ranges":[]}
+   *
+   * each range:
+   * [0000000000000000000,0000000000000000000],
+   *
+   * ecn:
+   * ,"ect1":0000000000000000000,"ect0":0000000000000000000,"ce":0000000000000000000
+   */
+#define NGTCP2_QLOG_ACK_FRAME_BASE_OVERHEAD 70
+#define NGTCP2_QLOG_ACK_FRAME_RANGE_OVERHEAD 42
+#define NGTCP2_QLOG_ACK_FRAME_ECN_OVERHEAD 79
+
+  p = write_verbatim(p, "{\"frame_type\":\"ack\",");
+  p = write_pair_duration(p, "ack_delay", fr->ack_delay_unscaled);
+  p = write_verbatim(p, ",\"acked_ranges\":[");
+
+  largest_ack = fr->largest_ack;
+  min_ack = fr->largest_ack - (int64_t)fr->first_ack_range;
+
+  *p++ = '[';
+  p = write_number(p, (uint64_t)min_ack);
+  if (largest_ack != min_ack) {
+    *p++ = ',';
+    p = write_number(p, (uint64_t)largest_ack);
+  }
+  *p++ = ']';
+
+  for (i = 0; i < fr->rangecnt; ++i) {
+    range = &fr->ranges[i];
+    largest_ack = min_ack - (int64_t)range->gap - 2;
+    min_ack = largest_ack - (int64_t)range->len;
+    *p++ = ',';
+    *p++ = '[';
+    p = write_number(p, (uint64_t)min_ack);
+    if (largest_ack != min_ack) {
+      *p++ = ',';
+      p = write_number(p, (uint64_t)largest_ack);
+    }
+    *p++ = ']';
+  }
+
+  *p++ = ']';
+
+  if (fr->type == NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK_ECN) {
+    *p++ = ',';
+    p = write_pair_number(p, "ect1", fr->ecn.ect1);
+    *p++ = ',';
+    p = write_pair_number(p, "ect0", fr->ecn.ect0);
+    *p++ = ',';
+    p = write_pair_number(p, "ce", fr->ecn.ce);
+  }
+
+  *p++ = '}';
+
+  return p;
+}
+
+static uint8_t *write_reset_stream_frame(uint8_t *p,
+                                         const ngtcp2_reset_stream *fr) {
+  /*
+   * {"frame_type":"reset_stream","stream_id":0000000000000000000,"error_code":0000000000000000000,"final_size":0000000000000000000}
+   */
+#define NGTCP2_QLOG_RESET_STREAM_FRAME_OVERHEAD 127
+
+  p = write_verbatim(p, "{\"frame_type\":\"reset_stream\",");
+  p = write_pair_number(p, "stream_id", (uint64_t)fr->stream_id);
+  *p++ = ',';
+  p = write_pair_number(p, "error_code", fr->app_error_code);
+  *p++ = ',';
+  p = write_pair_number(p, "final_size", fr->final_size);
+  *p++ = '}';
+
+  return p;
+}
+
+static uint8_t *write_stop_sending_frame(uint8_t *p,
+                                         const ngtcp2_stop_sending *fr) {
+  /*
+   * {"frame_type":"stop_sending","stream_id":0000000000000000000,"error_code":0000000000000000000}
+   */
+#define NGTCP2_QLOG_STOP_SENDING_FRAME_OVERHEAD 94
+
+  p = write_verbatim(p, "{\"frame_type\":\"stop_sending\",");
+  p = write_pair_number(p, "stream_id", (uint64_t)fr->stream_id);
+  *p++ = ',';
+  p = write_pair_number(p, "error_code", fr->app_error_code);
+  *p++ = '}';
+
+  return p;
+}
+
+static uint8_t *write_crypto_frame(uint8_t *p, const ngtcp2_crypto *fr) {
+  /*
+   * {"frame_type":"crypto","offset":0000000000000000000,"length":0000000000000000000}
+   */
+#define NGTCP2_QLOG_CRYPTO_FRAME_OVERHEAD 81
+
+  p = write_verbatim(p, "{\"frame_type\":\"crypto\",");
+  p = write_pair_number(p, "offset", fr->offset);
+  *p++ = ',';
+  p = write_pair_number(p, "length", ngtcp2_vec_len(fr->data, fr->datacnt));
+  *p++ = '}';
+
+  return p;
+}
+
+static uint8_t *write_new_token_frame(uint8_t *p, const ngtcp2_new_token *fr) {
+  /*
+   * {"frame_type":"new_token","length":0000000000000000000,"token":{"data":""}}
+   */
+#define NGTCP2_QLOG_NEW_TOKEN_FRAME_OVERHEAD 75
+
+  p = write_verbatim(p, "{\"frame_type\":\"new_token\",");
+  p = write_pair_number(p, "length", fr->tokenlen);
+  p = write_verbatim(p, ",\"token\":{");
+  p = write_pair_hex(p, "data", fr->token, fr->tokenlen);
+  *p++ = '}';
+  *p++ = '}';
+
+  return p;
+}
+
+static uint8_t *write_stream_frame(uint8_t *p, const ngtcp2_stream *fr) {
+  /*
+   * {"frame_type":"stream","stream_id":0000000000000000000,"offset":0000000000000000000,"length":0000000000000000000,"fin":true}
+   */
+#define NGTCP2_QLOG_STREAM_FRAME_OVERHEAD 124
+
+  p = write_verbatim(p, "{\"frame_type\":\"stream\",");
+  p = write_pair_number(p, "stream_id", (uint64_t)fr->stream_id);
+  *p++ = ',';
+  p = write_pair_number(p, "offset", fr->offset);
+  *p++ = ',';
+  p = write_pair_number(p, "length", ngtcp2_vec_len(fr->data, fr->datacnt));
+  if (fr->fin) {
+    *p++ = ',';
+    p = write_pair_bool(p, "fin", 1);
+  }
+  *p++ = '}';
+
+  return p;
+}
+
+static uint8_t *write_max_data_frame(uint8_t *p, const ngtcp2_max_data *fr) {
+  /*
+   * {"frame_type":"max_data","maximum":0000000000000000000}
+   */
+#define NGTCP2_QLOG_MAX_DATA_FRAME_OVERHEAD 55
+
+  p = write_verbatim(p, "{\"frame_type\":\"max_data\",");
+  p = write_pair_number(p, "maximum", fr->max_data);
+  *p++ = '}';
+
+  return p;
+}
+
+static uint8_t *write_max_stream_data_frame(uint8_t *p,
+                                            const ngtcp2_max_stream_data *fr) {
+  /*
+   * {"frame_type":"max_stream_data","stream_id":0000000000000000000,"maximum":0000000000000000000}
+   */
+#define NGTCP2_QLOG_MAX_STREAM_DATA_FRAME_OVERHEAD 94
+
+  p = write_verbatim(p, "{\"frame_type\":\"max_stream_data\",");
+  p = write_pair_number(p, "stream_id", (uint64_t)fr->stream_id);
+  *p++ = ',';
+  p = write_pair_number(p, "maximum", fr->max_stream_data);
+  *p++ = '}';
+
+  return p;
+}
+
+static uint8_t *write_max_streams_frame(uint8_t *p,
+                                        const ngtcp2_max_streams *fr) {
+  /*
+   * {"frame_type":"max_streams","stream_type":"unidirectional","maximum":0000000000000000000}
+   */
+#define NGTCP2_QLOG_MAX_STREAMS_FRAME_OVERHEAD 89
+
+  p = write_verbatim(p, "{\"frame_type\":\"max_streams\",\"stream_type\":");
+  if (fr->type == NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_STREAMS_BIDI) {
+    p = write_string(p, "bidirectional");
+  } else {
+    p = write_string(p, "unidirectional");
+  }
+  *p++ = ',';
+  p = write_pair_number(p, "maximum", fr->max_streams);
+  *p++ = '}';
+
+  return p;
+}
+
+static uint8_t *write_data_blocked_frame(uint8_t *p,
+                                         const ngtcp2_data_blocked *fr) {
+  (void)fr;
+
+  /*
+   * {"frame_type":"data_blocked"}
+   */
+#define NGTCP2_QLOG_DATA_BLOCKED_FRAME_OVERHEAD 29
+
+  /* TODO log limit */
+
+  return write_verbatim(p, "{\"frame_type\":\"data_blocked\"}");
+}
+
+static uint8_t *
+write_stream_data_blocked_frame(uint8_t *p,
+                                const ngtcp2_stream_data_blocked *fr) {
+  (void)fr;
+
+  /*
+   * {"frame_type":"stream_data_blocked"}
+   */
+#define NGTCP2_QLOG_STREAM_DATA_BLOCKED_FRAME_OVERHEAD 36
+
+  /* TODO log limit */
+
+  return write_verbatim(p, "{\"frame_type\":\"stream_data_blocked\"}");
+}
+
+static uint8_t *write_streams_blocked_frame(uint8_t *p,
+                                            const ngtcp2_streams_blocked *fr) {
+  (void)fr;
+
+  /*
+   * {"frame_type":"streams_blocked"}
+   */
+#define NGTCP2_QLOG_STREAMS_BLOCKED_FRAME_OVERHEAD 32
+
+  /* TODO Log stream_type and limit */
+
+  return write_verbatim(p, "{\"frame_type\":\"streams_blocked\"}");
+}
+
+static uint8_t *
+write_new_connection_id_frame(uint8_t *p, const ngtcp2_new_connection_id *fr) {
+  /*
+   * {"frame_type":"new_connection_id","sequence_number":0000000000000000000,"retire_prior_to":0000000000000000000,"connection_id_length":0000000000000000000,"connection_id":"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","stateless_reset_token":{"data":"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"}}
+   */
+#define NGTCP2_QLOG_NEW_CONNECTION_ID_FRAME_OVERHEAD 280
+
+  p = write_verbatim(p, "{\"frame_type\":\"new_connection_id\",");
+  p = write_pair_number(p, "sequence_number", fr->seq);
+  *p++ = ',';
+  p = write_pair_number(p, "retire_prior_to", fr->retire_prior_to);
+  *p++ = ',';
+  p = write_pair_number(p, "connection_id_length", fr->cid.datalen);
+  *p++ = ',';
+  p = write_pair_cid(p, "connection_id", &fr->cid);
+  p = write_verbatim(p, ",\"stateless_reset_token\":{");
+  p = write_pair_hex(p, "data", fr->stateless_reset_token,
+                     sizeof(fr->stateless_reset_token));
+  *p++ = '}';
+  *p++ = '}';
+
+  return p;
+}
+
+static uint8_t *
+write_retire_connection_id_frame(uint8_t *p,
+                                 const ngtcp2_retire_connection_id *fr) {
+  /*
+   * {"frame_type":"retire_connection_id","sequence_number":0000000000000000000}
+   */
+#define NGTCP2_QLOG_RETIRE_CONNECTION_ID_FRAME_OVERHEAD 75
+
+  p = write_verbatim(p, "{\"frame_type\":\"retire_connection_id\",");
+  p = write_pair_number(p, "sequence_number", fr->seq);
+  *p++ = '}';
+
+  return p;
+}
+
+static uint8_t *write_path_challenge_frame(uint8_t *p,
+                                           const ngtcp2_path_challenge *fr) {
+  /*
+   * {"frame_type":"path_challenge","data":"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"}
+   */
+#define NGTCP2_QLOG_PATH_CHALLENGE_FRAME_OVERHEAD 57
+
+  p = write_verbatim(p, "{\"frame_type\":\"path_challenge\",");
+  p = write_pair_hex(p, "data", fr->data, sizeof(fr->data));
+  *p++ = '}';
+
+  return p;
+}
+
+static uint8_t *write_path_response_frame(uint8_t *p,
+                                          const ngtcp2_path_response *fr) {
+  /*
+   * {"frame_type":"path_response","data":"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"}
+   */
+#define NGTCP2_QLOG_PATH_RESPONSE_FRAME_OVERHEAD 56
+
+  p = write_verbatim(p, "{\"frame_type\":\"path_response\",");
+  p = write_pair_hex(p, "data", fr->data, sizeof(fr->data));
+  *p++ = '}';
+
+  return p;
+}
+
+static uint8_t *
+write_connection_close_frame(uint8_t *p, const ngtcp2_connection_close *fr) {
+  /*
+   * {"frame_type":"connection_close","error_space":"application","error_code":0000000000000000000,"raw_error_code":0000000000000000000}
+   */
+#define NGTCP2_QLOG_CONNECTION_CLOSE_FRAME_OVERHEAD 131
+
+  p = write_verbatim(p,
+                     "{\"frame_type\":\"connection_close\",\"error_space\":");
+  if (fr->type == NGTCP2_FRAME_CONNECTION_CLOSE) {
+    p = write_string(p, "transport");
+  } else {
+    p = write_string(p, "application");
+  }
+  *p++ = ',';
+  p = write_pair_number(p, "error_code", fr->error_code);
+  *p++ = ',';
+  p = write_pair_number(p, "raw_error_code", fr->error_code);
+  /* TODO Write reason by escaping non-printables */
+  /* TODO Write trigger_frame_type */
+  *p++ = '}';
+
+  return p;
+}
+
+static uint8_t *write_handshake_done_frame(uint8_t *p,
+                                           const ngtcp2_handshake_done *fr) {
+  (void)fr;
+
+  /*
+   * {"frame_type":"handshake_done"}
+   */
+#define NGTCP2_QLOG_HANDSHAKE_DONE_FRAME_OVERHEAD 31
+
+  return write_verbatim(p, "{\"frame_type\":\"handshake_done\"}");
+}
+
+static uint8_t *write_datagram_frame(uint8_t *p, const ngtcp2_datagram *fr) {
+  /*
+   * {"frame_type":"datagram","length":0000000000000000000}
+   */
+#define NGTCP2_QLOG_DATAGRAM_FRAME_OVERHEAD 54
+
+  p = write_verbatim(p, "{\"frame_type\":\"datagram\",");
+  p = write_pair_number(p, "length", ngtcp2_vec_len(fr->data, fr->datacnt));
+  *p++ = '}';
+
+  return p;
+}
+
+static uint8_t *qlog_write_time(ngtcp2_qlog *qlog, uint8_t *p) {
+  return write_pair_tstamp(p, "time", qlog->last_ts - qlog->ts);
+}
+
+static void qlog_pkt_write_start(ngtcp2_qlog *qlog, int sent) {
+  uint8_t *p;
+
+  if (!qlog->write) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_buf_reset(&qlog->buf);
+  p = qlog->buf.last;
+
+  *p++ = '\x1e';
+  *p++ = '{';
+  p = qlog_write_time(qlog, p);
+  p = write_verbatim(p, ",\"name\":");
+  if (sent) {
+    p = write_string(p, "transport:packet_sent");
+  } else {
+    p = write_string(p, "transport:packet_received");
+  }
+  p = write_verbatim(p, ",\"data\":{\"frames\":[");
+  qlog->buf.last = p;
+}
+
+static void qlog_pkt_write_end(ngtcp2_qlog *qlog, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                               size_t pktlen) {
+  uint8_t *p = qlog->buf.last;
+
+  if (!qlog->write) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * ],"header":,"raw":{"length":0000000000000000000}}}
+   *
+   * plus, terminating LF
+   */
+#define NGTCP2_QLOG_PKT_WRITE_END_OVERHEAD                                     \
+  (1 + 50 + NGTCP2_QLOG_PKT_HD_OVERHEAD)
+
+  if (ngtcp2_buf_left(&qlog->buf) <
+      NGTCP2_QLOG_PKT_WRITE_END_OVERHEAD + hd->tokenlen * 2) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  assert(ngtcp2_buf_len(&qlog->buf));
+
+  /* Eat last ',' */
+  if (*(p - 1) == ',') {
+    --p;
+  }
+
+  p = write_verbatim(p, "],\"header\":");
+  p = write_pkt_hd(p, hd);
+  p = write_verbatim(p, ",\"raw\":{\"length\":");
+  p = write_number(p, pktlen);
+  p = write_verbatim(p, "}}}\n");
+
+  qlog->buf.last = p;
+
+  qlog->write(qlog->user_data, NGTCP2_QLOG_WRITE_FLAG_NONE, qlog->buf.pos,
+              ngtcp2_buf_len(&qlog->buf));
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_qlog_write_frame(ngtcp2_qlog *qlog, const ngtcp2_frame *fr) {
+  uint8_t *p = qlog->buf.last;
+
+  if (!qlog->write) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  switch (fr->type) {
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_PADDING:
+    if (ngtcp2_buf_left(&qlog->buf) < NGTCP2_QLOG_PADDING_FRAME_OVERHEAD + 1) {
+      return;
+    }
+    p = write_padding_frame(p, &fr->padding);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_PING:
+    if (ngtcp2_buf_left(&qlog->buf) < NGTCP2_QLOG_PING_FRAME_OVERHEAD + 1) {
+      return;
+    }
+    p = write_ping_frame(p, &fr->ping);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK:
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK_ECN:
+    if (ngtcp2_buf_left(&qlog->buf) <
+        NGTCP2_QLOG_ACK_FRAME_BASE_OVERHEAD +
+            (size_t)(fr->type == NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK_ECN
+                         ? NGTCP2_QLOG_ACK_FRAME_ECN_OVERHEAD
+                         : 0) +
+            NGTCP2_QLOG_ACK_FRAME_RANGE_OVERHEAD * (1 + fr->ack.rangecnt) + 1) {
+      return;
+    }
+    p = write_ack_frame(p, &fr->ack);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_RESET_STREAM:
+    if (ngtcp2_buf_left(&qlog->buf) <
+        NGTCP2_QLOG_RESET_STREAM_FRAME_OVERHEAD + 1) {
+      return;
+    }
+    p = write_reset_stream_frame(p, &fr->reset_stream);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_STOP_SENDING:
+    if (ngtcp2_buf_left(&qlog->buf) <
+        NGTCP2_QLOG_STOP_SENDING_FRAME_OVERHEAD + 1) {
+      return;
+    }
+    p = write_stop_sending_frame(p, &fr->stop_sending);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_CRYPTO:
+    if (ngtcp2_buf_left(&qlog->buf) < NGTCP2_QLOG_CRYPTO_FRAME_OVERHEAD + 1) {
+      return;
+    }
+    p = write_crypto_frame(p, &fr->crypto);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_NEW_TOKEN:
+    if (ngtcp2_buf_left(&qlog->buf) <
+        NGTCP2_QLOG_NEW_TOKEN_FRAME_OVERHEAD + fr->new_token.tokenlen * 2 + 1) {
+      return;
+    }
+    p = write_new_token_frame(p, &fr->new_token);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAM:
+    if (ngtcp2_buf_left(&qlog->buf) < NGTCP2_QLOG_STREAM_FRAME_OVERHEAD + 1) {
+      return;
+    }
+    p = write_stream_frame(p, &fr->stream);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_DATA:
+    if (ngtcp2_buf_left(&qlog->buf) < NGTCP2_QLOG_MAX_DATA_FRAME_OVERHEAD + 1) {
+      return;
+    }
+    p = write_max_data_frame(p, &fr->max_data);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_STREAM_DATA:
+    if (ngtcp2_buf_left(&qlog->buf) <
+        NGTCP2_QLOG_MAX_STREAM_DATA_FRAME_OVERHEAD + 1) {
+      return;
+    }
+    p = write_max_stream_data_frame(p, &fr->max_stream_data);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_STREAMS_BIDI:
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_MAX_STREAMS_UNI:
+    if (ngtcp2_buf_left(&qlog->buf) <
+        NGTCP2_QLOG_MAX_STREAMS_FRAME_OVERHEAD + 1) {
+      return;
+    }
+    p = write_max_streams_frame(p, &fr->max_streams);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_DATA_BLOCKED:
+    if (ngtcp2_buf_left(&qlog->buf) <
+        NGTCP2_QLOG_DATA_BLOCKED_FRAME_OVERHEAD + 1) {
+      return;
+    }
+    p = write_data_blocked_frame(p, &fr->data_blocked);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAM_DATA_BLOCKED:
+    if (ngtcp2_buf_left(&qlog->buf) <
+        NGTCP2_QLOG_STREAM_DATA_BLOCKED_FRAME_OVERHEAD + 1) {
+      return;
+    }
+    p = write_stream_data_blocked_frame(p, &fr->stream_data_blocked);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAMS_BLOCKED_BIDI:
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAMS_BLOCKED_UNI:
+    if (ngtcp2_buf_left(&qlog->buf) <
+        NGTCP2_QLOG_STREAMS_BLOCKED_FRAME_OVERHEAD + 1) {
+      return;
+    }
+    p = write_streams_blocked_frame(p, &fr->streams_blocked);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_NEW_CONNECTION_ID:
+    if (ngtcp2_buf_left(&qlog->buf) <
+        NGTCP2_QLOG_NEW_CONNECTION_ID_FRAME_OVERHEAD + 1) {
+      return;
+    }
+    p = write_new_connection_id_frame(p, &fr->new_connection_id);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_RETIRE_CONNECTION_ID:
+    if (ngtcp2_buf_left(&qlog->buf) <
+        NGTCP2_QLOG_RETIRE_CONNECTION_ID_FRAME_OVERHEAD + 1) {
+      return;
+    }
+    p = write_retire_connection_id_frame(p, &fr->retire_connection_id);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_PATH_CHALLENGE:
+    if (ngtcp2_buf_left(&qlog->buf) <
+        NGTCP2_QLOG_PATH_CHALLENGE_FRAME_OVERHEAD + 1) {
+      return;
+    }
+    p = write_path_challenge_frame(p, &fr->path_challenge);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_PATH_RESPONSE:
+    if (ngtcp2_buf_left(&qlog->buf) <
+        NGTCP2_QLOG_PATH_RESPONSE_FRAME_OVERHEAD + 1) {
+      return;
+    }
+    p = write_path_response_frame(p, &fr->path_response);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_CONNECTION_CLOSE:
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_CONNECTION_CLOSE_APP:
+    if (ngtcp2_buf_left(&qlog->buf) <
+        NGTCP2_QLOG_CONNECTION_CLOSE_FRAME_OVERHEAD + 1) {
+      return;
+    }
+    p = write_connection_close_frame(p, &fr->connection_close);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_HANDSHAKE_DONE:
+    if (ngtcp2_buf_left(&qlog->buf) <
+        NGTCP2_QLOG_HANDSHAKE_DONE_FRAME_OVERHEAD + 1) {
+      return;
+    }
+    p = write_handshake_done_frame(p, &fr->handshake_done);
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_DATAGRAM:
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_DATAGRAM_LEN:
+    if (ngtcp2_buf_left(&qlog->buf) < NGTCP2_QLOG_DATAGRAM_FRAME_OVERHEAD + 1) {
+      return;
+    }
+    p = write_datagram_frame(p, &fr->datagram);
+    break;
+  default:
+    ngtcp2_unreachable();
+  }
+
+  *p++ = ',';
+
+  qlog->buf.last = p;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_qlog_pkt_received_start(ngtcp2_qlog *qlog) {
+  qlog_pkt_write_start(qlog, /* sent = */ 0);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_qlog_pkt_received_end(ngtcp2_qlog *qlog, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                                  size_t pktlen) {
+  qlog_pkt_write_end(qlog, hd, pktlen);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_qlog_pkt_sent_start(ngtcp2_qlog *qlog) {
+  qlog_pkt_write_start(qlog, /* sent = */ 1);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_qlog_pkt_sent_end(ngtcp2_qlog *qlog, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                              size_t pktlen) {
+  qlog_pkt_write_end(qlog, hd, pktlen);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_qlog_parameters_set_transport_params(
+    ngtcp2_qlog *qlog, const ngtcp2_transport_params *params, int server,
+    ngtcp2_qlog_side side) {
+  uint8_t buf[1024];
+  uint8_t *p = buf;
+  const ngtcp2_preferred_addr *paddr;
+  const ngtcp2_sockaddr_in *sa_in;
+  const ngtcp2_sockaddr_in6 *sa_in6;
+
+  if (!qlog->write) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  *p++ = '\x1e';
+  *p++ = '{';
+  p = qlog_write_time(qlog, p);
+  p = write_verbatim(
+      p, ",\"name\":\"transport:parameters_set\",\"data\":{\"owner\":");
+
+  if (side == NGTCP2_QLOG_SIDE_LOCAL) {
+    p = write_string(p, "local");
+  } else {
+    p = write_string(p, "remote");
+  }
+
+  *p++ = ',';
+  p = write_pair_cid(p, "initial_source_connection_id", &params->initial_scid);
+  *p++ = ',';
+  if (side == (server ? NGTCP2_QLOG_SIDE_LOCAL : NGTCP2_QLOG_SIDE_REMOTE)) {
+    p = write_pair_cid(p, "original_destination_connection_id",
+                       &params->original_dcid);
+    *p++ = ',';
+  }
+  if (params->retry_scid_present) {
+    p = write_pair_cid(p, "retry_source_connection_id", &params->retry_scid);
+    *p++ = ',';
+  }
+  if (params->stateless_reset_token_present) {
+    p = write_verbatim(p, "\"stateless_reset_token\":{");
+    p = write_pair_hex(p, "data", params->stateless_reset_token,
+                       sizeof(params->stateless_reset_token));
+    *p++ = '}';
+    *p++ = ',';
+  }
+  p = write_pair_bool(p, "disable_active_migration",
+                      params->disable_active_migration);
+  *p++ = ',';
+  p = write_pair_duration(p, "max_idle_timeout", params->max_idle_timeout);
+  *p++ = ',';
+  p = write_pair_number(p, "max_udp_payload_size",
+                        params->max_udp_payload_size);
+  *p++ = ',';
+  p = write_pair_number(p, "ack_delay_exponent", params->ack_delay_exponent);
+  *p++ = ',';
+  p = write_pair_duration(p, "max_ack_delay", params->max_ack_delay);
+  *p++ = ',';
+  p = write_pair_number(p, "active_connection_id_limit",
+                        params->active_connection_id_limit);
+  *p++ = ',';
+  p = write_pair_number(p, "initial_max_data", params->initial_max_data);
+  *p++ = ',';
+  p = write_pair_number(p, "initial_max_stream_data_bidi_local",
+                        params->initial_max_stream_data_bidi_local);
+  *p++ = ',';
+  p = write_pair_number(p, "initial_max_stream_data_bidi_remote",
+                        params->initial_max_stream_data_bidi_remote);
+  *p++ = ',';
+  p = write_pair_number(p, "initial_max_stream_data_uni",
+                        params->initial_max_stream_data_uni);
+  *p++ = ',';
+  p = write_pair_number(p, "initial_max_streams_bidi",
+                        params->initial_max_streams_bidi);
+  *p++ = ',';
+  p = write_pair_number(p, "initial_max_streams_uni",
+                        params->initial_max_streams_uni);
+  if (params->preferred_address_present) {
+    *p++ = ',';
+    paddr = &params->preferred_address;
+    p = write_string(p, "preferred_address");
+    *p++ = ':';
+    *p++ = '{';
+
+    if (paddr->ipv4_present) {
+      sa_in = &paddr->ipv4;
+
+      p = write_pair_hex(p, "ip_v4", (const uint8_t *)&sa_in->sin_addr,
+                         sizeof(sa_in->sin_addr));
+      *p++ = ',';
+      p = write_pair_number(p, "port_v4", ngtcp2_ntohs(sa_in->sin_port));
+      *p++ = ',';
+    }
+
+    if (paddr->ipv6_present) {
+      sa_in6 = &paddr->ipv6;
+
+      p = write_pair_hex(p, "ip_v6", (const uint8_t *)&sa_in6->sin6_addr,
+                         sizeof(sa_in6->sin6_addr));
+      *p++ = ',';
+      p = write_pair_number(p, "port_v6", ngtcp2_ntohs(sa_in6->sin6_port));
+      *p++ = ',';
+    }
+
+    p = write_pair_cid(p, "connection_id", &paddr->cid);
+    p = write_verbatim(p, ",\"stateless_reset_token\":{");
+    p = write_pair_hex(p, "data", paddr->stateless_reset_token,
+                       sizeof(paddr->stateless_reset_token));
+    *p++ = '}';
+    *p++ = '}';
+  }
+  *p++ = ',';
+  p = write_pair_number(p, "max_datagram_frame_size",
+                        params->max_datagram_frame_size);
+  *p++ = ',';
+  p = write_pair_bool(p, "grease_quic_bit", params->grease_quic_bit);
+  p = write_verbatim(p, "}}\n");
+
+  qlog->write(qlog->user_data, NGTCP2_QLOG_WRITE_FLAG_NONE, buf,
+              (size_t)(p - buf));
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_qlog_metrics_updated(ngtcp2_qlog *qlog,
+                                 const ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  uint8_t buf[1024];
+  uint8_t *p = buf;
+
+  if (!qlog->write) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  *p++ = '\x1e';
+  *p++ = '{';
+  p = qlog_write_time(qlog, p);
+  p = write_verbatim(p, ",\"name\":\"recovery:metrics_updated\",\"data\":{");
+
+  if (cstat->min_rtt != UINT64_MAX) {
+    p = write_pair_duration(p, "min_rtt", cstat->min_rtt);
+    *p++ = ',';
+  }
+  p = write_pair_duration(p, "smoothed_rtt", cstat->smoothed_rtt);
+  *p++ = ',';
+  p = write_pair_duration(p, "latest_rtt", cstat->latest_rtt);
+  *p++ = ',';
+  p = write_pair_duration(p, "rtt_variance", cstat->rttvar);
+  *p++ = ',';
+  p = write_pair_number(p, "pto_count", cstat->pto_count);
+  *p++ = ',';
+  p = write_pair_number(p, "congestion_window", cstat->cwnd);
+  *p++ = ',';
+  p = write_pair_number(p, "bytes_in_flight", cstat->bytes_in_flight);
+  if (cstat->ssthresh != UINT64_MAX) {
+    *p++ = ',';
+    p = write_pair_number(p, "ssthresh", cstat->ssthresh);
+  }
+
+  p = write_verbatim(p, "}}\n");
+
+  qlog->write(qlog->user_data, NGTCP2_QLOG_WRITE_FLAG_NONE, buf,
+              (size_t)(p - buf));
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_qlog_pkt_lost(ngtcp2_qlog *qlog, ngtcp2_rtb_entry *ent) {
+  uint8_t buf[256];
+  uint8_t *p = buf;
+  ngtcp2_pkt_hd hd = {0};
+
+  if (!qlog->write) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  *p++ = '\x1e';
+  *p++ = '{';
+  p = qlog_write_time(qlog, p);
+  p = write_verbatim(
+      p, ",\"name\":\"recovery:packet_lost\",\"data\":{\"header\":");
+
+  hd.type = ent->hd.type;
+  hd.flags = ent->hd.flags;
+  hd.pkt_num = ent->hd.pkt_num;
+
+  p = write_pkt_hd(p, &hd);
+  p = write_verbatim(p, "}}\n");
+
+  qlog->write(qlog->user_data, NGTCP2_QLOG_WRITE_FLAG_NONE, buf,
+              (size_t)(p - buf));
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_qlog_retry_pkt_received(ngtcp2_qlog *qlog, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                                    const ngtcp2_pkt_retry *retry) {
+  uint8_t rawbuf[1024];
+  ngtcp2_buf buf;
+
+  if (!qlog->write) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_buf_init(&buf, rawbuf, sizeof(rawbuf));
+
+  *buf.last++ = '\x1e';
+  *buf.last++ = '{';
+  buf.last = qlog_write_time(qlog, buf.last);
+  buf.last = write_verbatim(
+      buf.last,
+      ",\"name\":\"transport:packet_received\",\"data\":{\"header\":");
+
+  if (ngtcp2_buf_left(&buf) <
+      NGTCP2_QLOG_PKT_HD_OVERHEAD + hd->tokenlen * 2 +
+          sizeof(",\"retry_token\":{\"data\":\"\"}}}\n") - 1 +
+          retry->tokenlen * 2) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  buf.last = write_pkt_hd(buf.last, hd);
+  buf.last = write_verbatim(buf.last, ",\"retry_token\":{");
+  buf.last = write_pair_hex(buf.last, "data", retry->token, retry->tokenlen);
+  buf.last = write_verbatim(buf.last, "}}}\n");
+
+  qlog->write(qlog->user_data, NGTCP2_QLOG_WRITE_FLAG_NONE, buf.pos,
+              ngtcp2_buf_len(&buf));
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_qlog_stateless_reset_pkt_received(
+    ngtcp2_qlog *qlog, const ngtcp2_pkt_stateless_reset *sr) {
+  uint8_t buf[256];
+  uint8_t *p = buf;
+  ngtcp2_pkt_hd hd = {0};
+
+  if (!qlog->write) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  hd.type = NGTCP2_PKT_STATELESS_RESET;
+
+  *p++ = '\x1e';
+  *p++ = '{';
+  p = qlog_write_time(qlog, p);
+  p = write_verbatim(
+      p, ",\"name\":\"transport:packet_received\",\"data\":{\"header\":");
+  p = write_pkt_hd(p, &hd);
+  *p++ = ',';
+  p = write_pair_hex(p, "stateless_reset_token", sr->stateless_reset_token,
+                     NGTCP2_STATELESS_RESET_TOKENLEN);
+  p = write_verbatim(p, "}}\n");
+
+  qlog->write(qlog->user_data, NGTCP2_QLOG_WRITE_FLAG_NONE, buf,
+              (size_t)(p - buf));
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_qlog_version_negotiation_pkt_received(ngtcp2_qlog *qlog,
+                                                  const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                                                  const uint32_t *sv,
+                                                  size_t nsv) {
+  uint8_t rawbuf[512];
+  ngtcp2_buf buf;
+  size_t i;
+  uint32_t v;
+
+  if (!qlog->write) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_buf_init(&buf, rawbuf, sizeof(rawbuf));
+
+  *buf.last++ = '\x1e';
+  *buf.last++ = '{';
+  buf.last = qlog_write_time(qlog, buf.last);
+  buf.last = write_verbatim(
+      buf.last,
+      ",\"name\":\"transport:packet_received\",\"data\":{\"header\":");
+  buf.last = write_pkt_hd(buf.last, hd);
+  buf.last = write_verbatim(buf.last, ",\"supported_versions\":[");
+
+  if (nsv) {
+    if (ngtcp2_buf_left(&buf) <
+        (sizeof("\"xxxxxxxx\",") - 1) * nsv - 1 + sizeof("]}}\n") - 1) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    v = ngtcp2_htonl(sv[0]);
+    buf.last = write_hex(buf.last, (const uint8_t *)&v, sizeof(v));
+
+    for (i = 1; i < nsv; ++i) {
+      *buf.last++ = ',';
+      v = ngtcp2_htonl(sv[i]);
+      buf.last = write_hex(buf.last, (const uint8_t *)&v, sizeof(v));
+    }
+  }
+
+  buf.last = write_verbatim(buf.last, "]}}\n");
+
+  qlog->write(qlog->user_data, NGTCP2_QLOG_WRITE_FLAG_NONE, buf.pos,
+              ngtcp2_buf_len(&buf));
+}
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_qlog.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_qlog.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9107c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_qlog.h
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_QLOG_H
+#define NGTCP2_QLOG_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_pkt.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_cc.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_buf.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_rtb.h"
+
+/* NGTCP2_QLOG_BUFLEN is the length of heap allocated buffer for
+   qlog. */
+#define NGTCP2_QLOG_BUFLEN 4096
+
+typedef enum ngtcp2_qlog_side {
+  NGTCP2_QLOG_SIDE_LOCAL,
+  NGTCP2_QLOG_SIDE_REMOTE,
+} ngtcp2_qlog_side;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_qlog {
+  /* write is a callback function to write qlog. */
+  ngtcp2_qlog_write write;
+  /* ts is the initial timestamp */
+  ngtcp2_tstamp ts;
+  /* last_ts is the timestamp observed last time. */
+  ngtcp2_tstamp last_ts;
+  /* buf is a heap allocated buffer to write exclusively
+     packet_received and packet_sent. */
+  ngtcp2_buf buf;
+  /* user_data is an opaque pointer which is passed to write
+     callback. */
+  void *user_data;
+} ngtcp2_qlog;
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_qlog_init initializes |qlog|.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_qlog_init(ngtcp2_qlog *qlog, ngtcp2_qlog_write write,
+                      ngtcp2_tstamp ts, void *user_data);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_qlog_start writes qlog preamble.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_qlog_start(ngtcp2_qlog *qlog, const ngtcp2_cid *odcid, int server);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_qlog_end writes closing part of qlog.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_qlog_end(ngtcp2_qlog *qlog);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_qlog_write_frame writes |fr| to qlog->buf.
+ * ngtcp2_qlog_pkt_received_start or ngtcp2_qlog_pkt_sent_start must
+ * be called before calling this function.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_qlog_write_frame(ngtcp2_qlog *qlog, const ngtcp2_frame *fr);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_qlog_pkt_received_start starts to write packet_received
+ * event.  It initializes qlog->buf.  It writes qlog to qlog->buf.
+ * ngtcp2_qlog_pkt_received_end will flush the content of qlog->buf to
+ * write callback.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_qlog_pkt_received_start(ngtcp2_qlog *qlog);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_qlog_pkt_received_end ends packet_received event and sends
+ * the content of qlog->buf to qlog->write callback.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_qlog_pkt_received_end(ngtcp2_qlog *qlog, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                                  size_t pktlen);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_qlog_pkt_sent_start starts to write packet_sent event.  It
+ * initializes qlog->buf.  It writes qlog to qlog->buf.
+ * ngtcp2_qlog_pkt_sent_end will flush the content of qlog->buf to
+ * write callback.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_qlog_pkt_sent_start(ngtcp2_qlog *qlog);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_qlog_pkt_sent_end ends packet_sent event and sends the
+ * content of qlog->buf to qlog->write callback.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_qlog_pkt_sent_end(ngtcp2_qlog *qlog, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                              size_t pktlen);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_qlog_parameters_set_transport_params writes |params| to qlog
+ * as parameters_set event.  |server| is nonzero if the local endpoint
+ * is server.  If |local| is nonzero, it is "owner" field becomes
+ * "local", otherwise "remote".
+ */
+void ngtcp2_qlog_parameters_set_transport_params(
+    ngtcp2_qlog *qlog, const ngtcp2_transport_params *params, int server,
+    ngtcp2_qlog_side side);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_qlog_metrics_updated writes metrics_updated event of
+ * recovery category.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_qlog_metrics_updated(ngtcp2_qlog *qlog,
+                                 const ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_qlog_pkt_lost writes packet_lost event.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_qlog_pkt_lost(ngtcp2_qlog *qlog, ngtcp2_rtb_entry *ent);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_qlog_retry_pkt_received writes packet_received event for a
+ * received Retry packet.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_qlog_retry_pkt_received(ngtcp2_qlog *qlog, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                                    const ngtcp2_pkt_retry *retry);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_qlog_stateless_reset_pkt_received writes packet_received
+ * event for a received Stateless Reset packet.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_qlog_stateless_reset_pkt_received(
+    ngtcp2_qlog *qlog, const ngtcp2_pkt_stateless_reset *sr);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_qlog_version_negotiation_pkt_received writes packet_received
+ * event for a received Version Negotiation packet.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_qlog_version_negotiation_pkt_received(ngtcp2_qlog *qlog,
+                                                  const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                                                  const uint32_t *sv,
+                                                  size_t nsv);
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_QLOG_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_range.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_range.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9379496
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_range.c
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_range.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_macro.h"
+
+void ngtcp2_range_init(ngtcp2_range *r, uint64_t begin, uint64_t end) {
+  r->begin = begin;
+  r->end = end;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_range ngtcp2_range_intersect(const ngtcp2_range *a,
+                                    const ngtcp2_range *b) {
+  ngtcp2_range r = {0, 0};
+  uint64_t begin = ngtcp2_max(a->begin, b->begin);
+  uint64_t end = ngtcp2_min(a->end, b->end);
+  if (begin < end) {
+    ngtcp2_range_init(&r, begin, end);
+  }
+  return r;
+}
+
+uint64_t ngtcp2_range_len(const ngtcp2_range *r) { return r->end - r->begin; }
+
+int ngtcp2_range_eq(const ngtcp2_range *a, const ngtcp2_range *b) {
+  return a->begin == b->begin && a->end == b->end;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_range_cut(ngtcp2_range *left, ngtcp2_range *right,
+                      const ngtcp2_range *a, const ngtcp2_range *b) {
+  /* Assume that b is included in a */
+  left->begin = a->begin;
+  left->end = b->begin;
+  right->begin = b->end;
+  right->end = a->end;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_range_not_after(const ngtcp2_range *a, const ngtcp2_range *b) {
+  return a->end <= b->end;
+}
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_range.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_range.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a776c4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_range.h
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_RANGE_H
+#define NGTCP2_RANGE_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_range represents half-closed range [begin, end).
+ */
+typedef struct ngtcp2_range {
+  uint64_t begin;
+  uint64_t end;
+} ngtcp2_range;
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_range_init initializes |r| with the range [|begin|, |end|).
+ */
+void ngtcp2_range_init(ngtcp2_range *r, uint64_t begin, uint64_t end);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_range_intersect returns the intersection of |a| and |b|.  If
+ * they do not overlap, it returns empty range.
+ */
+ngtcp2_range ngtcp2_range_intersect(const ngtcp2_range *a,
+                                    const ngtcp2_range *b);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_range_len returns the length of |r|.
+ */
+uint64_t ngtcp2_range_len(const ngtcp2_range *r);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_range_eq returns nonzero if |a| equals |b|, such that
+ * a->begin == b->begin, and a->end == b->end hold.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_range_eq(const ngtcp2_range *a, const ngtcp2_range *b);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_range_cut returns the left and right range after removing
+ * |b| from |a|.  This function assumes that |a| completely includes
+ * |b|.  In other words, a->begin <= b->begin and b->end <= a->end
+ * hold.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_range_cut(ngtcp2_range *left, ngtcp2_range *right,
+                      const ngtcp2_range *a, const ngtcp2_range *b);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_range_not_after returns nonzero if the right edge of |a|
+ * does not go beyond of the right edge of |b|.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_range_not_after(const ngtcp2_range *a, const ngtcp2_range *b);
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_RANGE_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_rcvry.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_rcvry.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4cb4088
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_rcvry.h
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_RCVRY_H
+#define NGTCP2_RCVRY_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+/* NGTCP2_PKT_THRESHOLD is kPacketThreshold described in RFC 9002. */
+#define NGTCP2_PKT_THRESHOLD 3
+
+/* NGTCP2_GRANULARITY is kGranularity described in RFC 9002. */
+#define NGTCP2_GRANULARITY NGTCP2_MILLISECONDS
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_RCVRY_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_ringbuf.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_ringbuf.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6b3f73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_ringbuf.c
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_ringbuf.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#ifdef WIN32
+#  include <intrin.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "ngtcp2_macro.h"
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_ARM64)
+unsigned int __popcnt(unsigned int x) {
+  unsigned int c = 0;
+  for (; x; ++c) {
+    x &= x - 1;
+  }
+  return c;
+}
+#endif
+
+int ngtcp2_ringbuf_init(ngtcp2_ringbuf *rb, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
+                        const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  uint8_t *buf = ngtcp2_mem_malloc(mem, nmemb * size);
+  if (buf == NULL) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_ringbuf_buf_init(rb, nmemb, size, buf, mem);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_ringbuf_buf_init(ngtcp2_ringbuf *rb, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
+                             uint8_t *buf, const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+#ifdef WIN32
+  assert(1 == __popcnt((unsigned int)nmemb));
+#else
+  assert(1 == __builtin_popcount((unsigned int)nmemb));
+#endif
+
+  rb->buf = buf;
+  rb->mem = mem;
+  rb->nmemb = nmemb;
+  rb->size = size;
+  rb->first = 0;
+  rb->len = 0;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_ringbuf_free(ngtcp2_ringbuf *rb) {
+  if (rb == NULL) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_mem_free(rb->mem, rb->buf);
+}
+
+void *ngtcp2_ringbuf_push_front(ngtcp2_ringbuf *rb) {
+  rb->first = (rb->first - 1) & (rb->nmemb - 1);
+  rb->len = ngtcp2_min(rb->nmemb, rb->len + 1);
+
+  return (void *)&rb->buf[rb->first * rb->size];
+}
+
+void *ngtcp2_ringbuf_push_back(ngtcp2_ringbuf *rb) {
+  size_t offset = (rb->first + rb->len) & (rb->nmemb - 1);
+
+  if (rb->len == rb->nmemb) {
+    rb->first = (rb->first + 1) & (rb->nmemb - 1);
+  } else {
+    ++rb->len;
+  }
+
+  return (void *)&rb->buf[offset * rb->size];
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_ringbuf_pop_front(ngtcp2_ringbuf *rb) {
+  rb->first = (rb->first + 1) & (rb->nmemb - 1);
+  --rb->len;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_ringbuf_pop_back(ngtcp2_ringbuf *rb) {
+  assert(rb->len);
+  --rb->len;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_ringbuf_resize(ngtcp2_ringbuf *rb, size_t len) {
+  assert(len <= rb->nmemb);
+  rb->len = len;
+}
+
+void *ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(ngtcp2_ringbuf *rb, size_t offset) {
+  assert(offset < rb->len);
+  offset = (rb->first + offset) & (rb->nmemb - 1);
+  return &rb->buf[offset * rb->size];
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_ringbuf_full(ngtcp2_ringbuf *rb) { return rb->len == rb->nmemb; }
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_ringbuf.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_ringbuf.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16635c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_ringbuf.h
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_RINGBUF_H
+#define NGTCP2_RINGBUF_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_mem.h"
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_ringbuf {
+  /* buf points to the underlying buffer. */
+  uint8_t *buf;
+  const ngtcp2_mem *mem;
+  /* nmemb is the number of elements that can be stored in this ring
+     buffer. */
+  size_t nmemb;
+  /* size is the size of each element. */
+  size_t size;
+  /* first is the offset to the first element. */
+  size_t first;
+  /* len is the number of elements actually stored. */
+  size_t len;
+} ngtcp2_ringbuf;
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ringbuf_init initializes |rb|.  |nmemb| is the number of
+ * elements that can be stored in this buffer.  |size| is the size of
+ * each element.  |size| must be power of 2.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_ringbuf_init(ngtcp2_ringbuf *rb, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
+                        const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ringbuf_buf_init initializes |rb| with given buffer and
+ * size.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_ringbuf_buf_init(ngtcp2_ringbuf *rb, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
+                             uint8_t *buf, const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ringbuf_free frees resources allocated for |rb|.  This
+ * function does not free the memory pointed by |rb|.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_ringbuf_free(ngtcp2_ringbuf *rb);
+
+/* ngtcp2_ringbuf_push_front moves the offset to the first element in
+   the buffer backward, and returns the pointer to the element.
+   Caller can store data to the buffer pointed by the returned
+   pointer.  If this action exceeds the capacity of the ring buffer,
+   the last element is silently overwritten, and rb->len remains
+   unchanged. */
+void *ngtcp2_ringbuf_push_front(ngtcp2_ringbuf *rb);
+
+/* ngtcp2_ringbuf_push_back moves the offset to the last element in
+   the buffer forward, and returns the pointer to the element.  Caller
+   can store data to the buffer pointed by the returned pointer.  If
+   this action exceeds the capacity of the ring buffer, the first
+   element is silently overwritten, and rb->len remains unchanged. */
+void *ngtcp2_ringbuf_push_back(ngtcp2_ringbuf *rb);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ringbuf_pop_front removes first element in |rb|.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_ringbuf_pop_front(ngtcp2_ringbuf *rb);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_ringbuf_pop_back removes the last element in |rb|.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_ringbuf_pop_back(ngtcp2_ringbuf *rb);
+
+/* ngtcp2_ringbuf_resize changes the number of elements stored.  This
+   does not change the capacity of the underlying buffer. */
+void ngtcp2_ringbuf_resize(ngtcp2_ringbuf *rb, size_t len);
+
+/* ngtcp2_ringbuf_get returns the pointer to the element at
+   |offset|. */
+void *ngtcp2_ringbuf_get(ngtcp2_ringbuf *rb, size_t offset);
+
+/* ngtcp2_ringbuf_len returns the number of elements stored. */
+#define ngtcp2_ringbuf_len(RB) ((RB)->len)
+
+/* ngtcp2_ringbuf_full returns nonzero if |rb| is full. */
+int ngtcp2_ringbuf_full(ngtcp2_ringbuf *rb);
+
+/* ngtcp2_static_ringbuf_def defines ngtcp2_ringbuf struct wrapper
+   which uses a statically allocated buffer that is suitable for a
+   usage that does not change buffer size with ngtcp2_ringbuf_resize.
+   ngtcp2_ringbuf_free should never be called for rb field. */
+#define ngtcp2_static_ringbuf_def(NAME, NMEMB, SIZE)                           \
+  typedef struct ngtcp2_static_ringbuf_##NAME {                                \
+    ngtcp2_ringbuf rb;                                                         \
+    uint8_t buf[(NMEMB) * (SIZE)];                                             \
+  } ngtcp2_static_ringbuf_##NAME;                                              \
+                                                                               \
+  static inline void ngtcp2_static_ringbuf_##NAME##_init(                      \
+      ngtcp2_static_ringbuf_##NAME *srb) {                                     \
+    ngtcp2_ringbuf_buf_init(&srb->rb, (NMEMB), (SIZE), srb->buf, NULL);        \
+  }
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_RINGBUF_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_rob.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_rob.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c3d75d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_rob.c
@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_rob.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_macro.h"
+
+int ngtcp2_rob_gap_new(ngtcp2_rob_gap **pg, uint64_t begin, uint64_t end,
+                       const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  *pg = ngtcp2_mem_malloc(mem, sizeof(ngtcp2_rob_gap));
+  if (*pg == NULL) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  (*pg)->range.begin = begin;
+  (*pg)->range.end = end;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_rob_gap_del(ngtcp2_rob_gap *g, const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  ngtcp2_mem_free(mem, g);
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_rob_data_new(ngtcp2_rob_data **pd, uint64_t offset, size_t chunk,
+                        const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  *pd = ngtcp2_mem_malloc(mem, sizeof(ngtcp2_rob_data) + chunk);
+  if (*pd == NULL) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  (*pd)->range.begin = offset;
+  (*pd)->range.end = offset + chunk;
+  (*pd)->begin = (uint8_t *)(*pd) + sizeof(ngtcp2_rob_data);
+  (*pd)->end = (*pd)->begin + chunk;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_rob_data_del(ngtcp2_rob_data *d, const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  ngtcp2_mem_free(mem, d);
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_rob_init(ngtcp2_rob *rob, size_t chunk, const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  int rv;
+  ngtcp2_rob_gap *g;
+
+  ngtcp2_ksl_init(&rob->gapksl, ngtcp2_ksl_range_compar, sizeof(ngtcp2_range),
+                  mem);
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_rob_gap_new(&g, 0, UINT64_MAX, mem);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    goto fail_rob_gap_new;
+  }
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_ksl_insert(&rob->gapksl, NULL, &g->range, g);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    goto fail_gapksl_ksl_insert;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_ksl_init(&rob->dataksl, ngtcp2_ksl_range_compar, sizeof(ngtcp2_range),
+                  mem);
+
+  rob->chunk = chunk;
+  rob->mem = mem;
+
+  return 0;
+
+fail_gapksl_ksl_insert:
+  ngtcp2_rob_gap_del(g, mem);
+fail_rob_gap_new:
+  ngtcp2_ksl_free(&rob->gapksl);
+  return rv;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_rob_free(ngtcp2_rob *rob) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+
+  if (rob == NULL) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  for (it = ngtcp2_ksl_begin(&rob->dataksl); !ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it);
+       ngtcp2_ksl_it_next(&it)) {
+    ngtcp2_rob_data_del(ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it), rob->mem);
+  }
+
+  for (it = ngtcp2_ksl_begin(&rob->gapksl); !ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it);
+       ngtcp2_ksl_it_next(&it)) {
+    ngtcp2_rob_gap_del(ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it), rob->mem);
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_ksl_free(&rob->dataksl);
+  ngtcp2_ksl_free(&rob->gapksl);
+}
+
+static int rob_write_data(ngtcp2_rob *rob, uint64_t offset, const uint8_t *data,
+                          size_t len) {
+  size_t n;
+  int rv;
+  ngtcp2_rob_data *d;
+  ngtcp2_range range = {offset, offset + len};
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+
+  for (it = ngtcp2_ksl_lower_bound_compar(&rob->dataksl, &range,
+                                          ngtcp2_ksl_range_exclusive_compar);
+       len; ngtcp2_ksl_it_next(&it)) {
+    if (ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it)) {
+      d = NULL;
+    } else {
+      d = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+    }
+
+    if (d == NULL || offset < d->range.begin) {
+      rv = ngtcp2_rob_data_new(&d, (offset / rob->chunk) * rob->chunk,
+                               rob->chunk, rob->mem);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+
+      rv = ngtcp2_ksl_insert(&rob->dataksl, &it, &d->range, d);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        ngtcp2_rob_data_del(d, rob->mem);
+        return rv;
+      }
+    }
+
+    n = (size_t)ngtcp2_min((uint64_t)len, d->range.begin + rob->chunk - offset);
+    memcpy(d->begin + (offset - d->range.begin), data, n);
+    offset += n;
+    data += n;
+    len -= n;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_rob_push(ngtcp2_rob *rob, uint64_t offset, const uint8_t *data,
+                    size_t datalen) {
+  int rv;
+  ngtcp2_rob_gap *g;
+  ngtcp2_range m, l, r, q = {offset, offset + datalen};
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+
+  it = ngtcp2_ksl_lower_bound_compar(&rob->gapksl, &q,
+                                     ngtcp2_ksl_range_exclusive_compar);
+
+  for (; !ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it);) {
+    g = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+
+    m = ngtcp2_range_intersect(&q, &g->range);
+    if (!ngtcp2_range_len(&m)) {
+      break;
+    }
+    if (ngtcp2_range_eq(&g->range, &m)) {
+      ngtcp2_ksl_remove_hint(&rob->gapksl, &it, &it, &g->range);
+      ngtcp2_rob_gap_del(g, rob->mem);
+      rv = rob_write_data(rob, m.begin, data + (m.begin - offset),
+                          (size_t)ngtcp2_range_len(&m));
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+
+      continue;
+    }
+    ngtcp2_range_cut(&l, &r, &g->range, &m);
+    if (ngtcp2_range_len(&l)) {
+      ngtcp2_ksl_update_key(&rob->gapksl, &g->range, &l);
+      g->range = l;
+
+      if (ngtcp2_range_len(&r)) {
+        ngtcp2_rob_gap *ng;
+        rv = ngtcp2_rob_gap_new(&ng, r.begin, r.end, rob->mem);
+        if (rv != 0) {
+          return rv;
+        }
+        rv = ngtcp2_ksl_insert(&rob->gapksl, &it, &ng->range, ng);
+        if (rv != 0) {
+          ngtcp2_rob_gap_del(ng, rob->mem);
+          return rv;
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (ngtcp2_range_len(&r)) {
+      ngtcp2_ksl_update_key(&rob->gapksl, &g->range, &r);
+      g->range = r;
+    }
+    rv = rob_write_data(rob, m.begin, data + (m.begin - offset),
+                        (size_t)ngtcp2_range_len(&m));
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+    ngtcp2_ksl_it_next(&it);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_rob_remove_prefix(ngtcp2_rob *rob, uint64_t offset) {
+  ngtcp2_rob_gap *g;
+  ngtcp2_rob_data *d;
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+
+  it = ngtcp2_ksl_begin(&rob->gapksl);
+
+  for (; !ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it);) {
+    g = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+    if (offset <= g->range.begin) {
+      break;
+    }
+    if (offset < g->range.end) {
+      ngtcp2_range r = {offset, g->range.end};
+      ngtcp2_ksl_update_key(&rob->gapksl, &g->range, &r);
+      g->range.begin = offset;
+      break;
+    }
+    ngtcp2_ksl_remove_hint(&rob->gapksl, &it, &it, &g->range);
+    ngtcp2_rob_gap_del(g, rob->mem);
+  }
+
+  it = ngtcp2_ksl_begin(&rob->dataksl);
+
+  for (; !ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it);) {
+    d = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+    if (offset < d->range.begin + rob->chunk) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    ngtcp2_ksl_remove_hint(&rob->dataksl, &it, &it, &d->range);
+    ngtcp2_rob_data_del(d, rob->mem);
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+size_t ngtcp2_rob_data_at(ngtcp2_rob *rob, const uint8_t **pdest,
+                          uint64_t offset) {
+  ngtcp2_rob_gap *g;
+  ngtcp2_rob_data *d;
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+
+  it = ngtcp2_ksl_begin(&rob->gapksl);
+  if (ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  g = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+
+  if (g->range.begin <= offset) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  it = ngtcp2_ksl_begin(&rob->dataksl);
+  d = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+
+  assert(d);
+  assert(d->range.begin <= offset);
+  assert(offset < d->range.begin + rob->chunk);
+
+  *pdest = d->begin + (offset - d->range.begin);
+
+  return (size_t)(ngtcp2_min(g->range.begin, d->range.begin + rob->chunk) -
+                  offset);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_rob_pop(ngtcp2_rob *rob, uint64_t offset, size_t len) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+  ngtcp2_rob_data *d;
+
+  it = ngtcp2_ksl_begin(&rob->dataksl);
+  d = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+
+  assert(d);
+
+  if (offset + len < d->range.begin + rob->chunk) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_ksl_remove_hint(&rob->dataksl, NULL, &it, &d->range);
+  ngtcp2_rob_data_del(d, rob->mem);
+}
+
+uint64_t ngtcp2_rob_first_gap_offset(ngtcp2_rob *rob) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it = ngtcp2_ksl_begin(&rob->gapksl);
+  ngtcp2_rob_gap *g;
+
+  if (ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it)) {
+    return UINT64_MAX;
+  }
+
+  g = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+
+  return g->range.begin;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_rob_data_buffered(ngtcp2_rob *rob) {
+  return ngtcp2_ksl_len(&rob->dataksl) != 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_rob.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_rob.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c7688df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_rob.h
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_ROB_H
+#define NGTCP2_ROB_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_mem.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_range.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_ksl.h"
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_rob_gap represents the gap, which is the range of stream
+ * data that is not received yet.
+ */
+typedef struct ngtcp2_rob_gap {
+  /* range is the range of this gap. */
+  ngtcp2_range range;
+} ngtcp2_rob_gap;
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_rob_gap_new allocates new ngtcp2_rob_gap object, and assigns
+ * its pointer to |*pg|.  The caller should call ngtcp2_rob_gap_del to
+ * delete it when it is no longer used.  The range of the gap is
+ * [begin, end).  |mem| is custom memory allocator to allocate memory.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_rob_gap_new(ngtcp2_rob_gap **pg, uint64_t begin, uint64_t end,
+                       const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_rob_gap_del deallocates |g|.  It deallocates the memory
+ * pointed by |g| it self.  |mem| is custom memory allocator to
+ * deallocate memory.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_rob_gap_del(ngtcp2_rob_gap *g, const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_rob_data holds the buffered stream data.
+ */
+typedef struct ngtcp2_rob_data {
+  /* range is the range of this gap. */
+  ngtcp2_range range;
+  /* begin points to the buffer. */
+  uint8_t *begin;
+  /* end points to the one beyond of the last byte of the buffer */
+  uint8_t *end;
+} ngtcp2_rob_data;
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_rob_data_new allocates new ngtcp2_rob_data object, and
+ * assigns its pointer to |*pd|.  The caller should call
+ * ngtcp2_rob_data_del to delete it when it is no longer used.
+ * |offset| is the stream offset of the first byte of this data.
+ * |chunk| is the size of the buffer.  |offset| must be multiple of
+ * |chunk|.  |mem| is custom memory allocator to allocate memory.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_rob_data_new(ngtcp2_rob_data **pd, uint64_t offset, size_t chunk,
+                        const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_rob_data_del deallocates |d|.  It deallocates the memory
+ * pointed by |d| itself.  |mem| is custom memory allocator to
+ * deallocate memory.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_rob_data_del(ngtcp2_rob_data *d, const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_rob is the reorder buffer which reassembles stream data
+ * received in out of order.
+ */
+typedef struct ngtcp2_rob {
+  /* gapksl maintains the range of offset which is not received
+     yet. Initially, its range is [0, UINT64_MAX). */
+  ngtcp2_ksl gapksl;
+  /* dataksl maintains the list of buffers which store received data
+     ordered by stream offset. */
+  ngtcp2_ksl dataksl;
+  /* mem is custom memory allocator */
+  const ngtcp2_mem *mem;
+  /* chunk is the size of each buffer in data field */
+  size_t chunk;
+} ngtcp2_rob;
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_rob_init initializes |rob|.  |chunk| is the size of buffer
+ * per chunk.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_rob_init(ngtcp2_rob *rob, size_t chunk, const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_rob_free frees resources allocated for |rob|.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_rob_free(ngtcp2_rob *rob);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_rob_push adds new data of length |datalen| at the stream
+ * offset |offset|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory
+ */
+int ngtcp2_rob_push(ngtcp2_rob *rob, uint64_t offset, const uint8_t *data,
+                    size_t datalen);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_rob_remove_prefix removes gap up to |offset|, exclusive.  It
+ * also removes data buffer if it is completely included in |offset|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory
+ */
+int ngtcp2_rob_remove_prefix(ngtcp2_rob *rob, uint64_t offset);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_rob_data_at stores the pointer to the buffer of stream
+ * offset |offset| to |*pdest| if it is available, and returns the
+ * valid length of available data.  If no data is available, it
+ * returns 0.
+ */
+size_t ngtcp2_rob_data_at(ngtcp2_rob *rob, const uint8_t **pdest,
+                          uint64_t offset);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_rob_pop clears data at stream offset |offset| of length
+ * |len|.
+ *
+ * |offset| must be the offset given in ngtcp2_rob_data_at.  |len|
+ * must be the return value of ngtcp2_rob_data_at when |offset| is
+ * passed.
+ *
+ * Caller should call this function from offset 0 in non-decreasing
+ * order.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_rob_pop(ngtcp2_rob *rob, uint64_t offset, size_t len);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_rob_first_gap_offset returns the offset to the first gap.
+ * If there is no gap, it returns UINT64_MAX.
+ */
+uint64_t ngtcp2_rob_first_gap_offset(ngtcp2_rob *rob);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_rob_data_buffered returns nonzero if any data is buffered.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_rob_data_buffered(ngtcp2_rob *rob);
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_ROB_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_rst.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_rst.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b50f98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_rst.c
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_rst.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_rtb.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_cc.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_macro.h"
+
+void ngtcp2_rs_init(ngtcp2_rs *rs) {
+  rs->interval = UINT64_MAX;
+  rs->delivered = 0;
+  rs->prior_delivered = 0;
+  rs->prior_ts = 0;
+  rs->tx_in_flight = 0;
+  rs->lost = 0;
+  rs->prior_lost = 0;
+  rs->send_elapsed = 0;
+  rs->ack_elapsed = 0;
+  rs->is_app_limited = 0;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_rst_init(ngtcp2_rst *rst) {
+  ngtcp2_rs_init(&rst->rs);
+  ngtcp2_window_filter_init(&rst->wf, 12);
+  rst->delivered = 0;
+  rst->delivered_ts = 0;
+  rst->first_sent_ts = 0;
+  rst->app_limited = 0;
+  rst->next_round_delivered = 0;
+  rst->round_count = 0;
+  rst->is_cwnd_limited = 0;
+  rst->lost = 0;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_rst_on_pkt_sent(ngtcp2_rst *rst, ngtcp2_rtb_entry *ent,
+                            const ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  if (cstat->bytes_in_flight == 0) {
+    rst->first_sent_ts = rst->delivered_ts = ent->ts;
+  }
+  ent->rst.first_sent_ts = rst->first_sent_ts;
+  ent->rst.delivered_ts = rst->delivered_ts;
+  ent->rst.delivered = rst->delivered;
+  ent->rst.is_app_limited = rst->app_limited != 0;
+  ent->rst.tx_in_flight = cstat->bytes_in_flight + ent->pktlen;
+  ent->rst.lost = rst->lost;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_rst_on_ack_recv(ngtcp2_rst *rst, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                           uint64_t pkt_delivered) {
+  ngtcp2_rs *rs = &rst->rs;
+  uint64_t rate;
+
+  if (rst->app_limited && rst->delivered > rst->app_limited) {
+    rst->app_limited = 0;
+  }
+
+  if (pkt_delivered >= rst->next_round_delivered) {
+    rst->next_round_delivered = pkt_delivered;
+    ++rst->round_count;
+  }
+
+  if (rs->prior_ts == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  rs->interval = ngtcp2_max(rs->send_elapsed, rs->ack_elapsed);
+
+  rs->delivered = rst->delivered - rs->prior_delivered;
+  rs->lost = rst->lost - rs->prior_lost;
+
+  if (rs->interval < cstat->min_rtt) {
+    rs->interval = UINT64_MAX;
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (!rs->interval) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  rate = rs->delivered * NGTCP2_SECONDS / rs->interval;
+
+  if (rate > ngtcp2_window_filter_get_best(&rst->wf) || !rst->app_limited) {
+    ngtcp2_window_filter_update(&rst->wf, rate, rst->round_count);
+    cstat->delivery_rate_sec = ngtcp2_window_filter_get_best(&rst->wf);
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_rst_update_rate_sample(ngtcp2_rst *rst, const ngtcp2_rtb_entry *ent,
+                                   ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_rs *rs = &rst->rs;
+
+  rst->delivered += ent->pktlen;
+  rst->delivered_ts = ts;
+
+  if (ent->rst.delivered > rs->prior_delivered) {
+    rs->prior_delivered = ent->rst.delivered;
+    rs->prior_ts = ent->rst.delivered_ts;
+    rs->is_app_limited = ent->rst.is_app_limited;
+    rs->send_elapsed = ent->ts - ent->rst.first_sent_ts;
+    rs->ack_elapsed = rst->delivered_ts - ent->rst.delivered_ts;
+    rs->tx_in_flight = ent->rst.tx_in_flight;
+    rs->prior_lost = ent->rst.lost;
+    rst->first_sent_ts = ent->ts;
+  }
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_rst_update_app_limited(ngtcp2_rst *rst, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  (void)rst;
+  (void)cstat;
+  /* TODO Not implemented */
+}
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_rst.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_rst.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..488c655
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_rst.h
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_RST_H
+#define NGTCP2_RST_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_window_filter.h"
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_rtb_entry ngtcp2_rtb_entry;
+
+/**
+ * @struct
+ *
+ * ngtcp2_rs contains connection state for delivery rate estimation.
+ */
+typedef struct ngtcp2_rs {
+  ngtcp2_duration interval;
+  uint64_t delivered;
+  uint64_t prior_delivered;
+  ngtcp2_tstamp prior_ts;
+  uint64_t tx_in_flight;
+  uint64_t lost;
+  uint64_t prior_lost;
+  ngtcp2_duration send_elapsed;
+  ngtcp2_duration ack_elapsed;
+  int is_app_limited;
+} ngtcp2_rs;
+
+void ngtcp2_rs_init(ngtcp2_rs *rs);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_rst implements delivery rate estimation described in
+ * https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-cheng-iccrg-delivery-rate-estimation-00
+ */
+typedef struct ngtcp2_rst {
+  ngtcp2_rs rs;
+  ngtcp2_window_filter wf;
+  uint64_t delivered;
+  ngtcp2_tstamp delivered_ts;
+  ngtcp2_tstamp first_sent_ts;
+  uint64_t app_limited;
+  uint64_t next_round_delivered;
+  uint64_t round_count;
+  uint64_t lost;
+  int is_cwnd_limited;
+} ngtcp2_rst;
+
+void ngtcp2_rst_init(ngtcp2_rst *rst);
+
+void ngtcp2_rst_on_pkt_sent(ngtcp2_rst *rst, ngtcp2_rtb_entry *ent,
+                            const ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat);
+int ngtcp2_rst_on_ack_recv(ngtcp2_rst *rst, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                           uint64_t pkt_delivered);
+void ngtcp2_rst_update_rate_sample(ngtcp2_rst *rst, const ngtcp2_rtb_entry *ent,
+                                   ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+void ngtcp2_rst_update_app_limited(ngtcp2_rst *rst, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat);
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_RST_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_rtb.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_rtb.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7fb0cc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_rtb.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1676 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_rtb.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_macro.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_conn.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_log.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_vec.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_cc.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_rcvry.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_rst.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_unreachable.h"
+
+int ngtcp2_frame_chain_new(ngtcp2_frame_chain **pfrc, const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  *pfrc = ngtcp2_mem_malloc(mem, sizeof(ngtcp2_frame_chain));
+  if (*pfrc == NULL) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain_init(*pfrc);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_new(ngtcp2_frame_chain **pfrc,
+                                    ngtcp2_objalloc *objalloc) {
+  *pfrc = ngtcp2_objalloc_frame_chain_get(objalloc);
+  if (*pfrc == NULL) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain_init(*pfrc);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_frame_chain_extralen_new(ngtcp2_frame_chain **pfrc, size_t extralen,
+                                    const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  *pfrc = ngtcp2_mem_malloc(mem, sizeof(ngtcp2_frame_chain) + extralen);
+  if (*pfrc == NULL) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain_init(*pfrc);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_frame_chain_stream_datacnt_objalloc_new(ngtcp2_frame_chain **pfrc,
+                                                   size_t datacnt,
+                                                   ngtcp2_objalloc *objalloc,
+                                                   const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  size_t need, avail = sizeof(ngtcp2_frame) - sizeof(ngtcp2_stream);
+
+  if (datacnt > 1) {
+    need = sizeof(ngtcp2_vec) * (datacnt - 1);
+
+    if (need > avail) {
+      return ngtcp2_frame_chain_extralen_new(pfrc, need - avail, mem);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_new(pfrc, objalloc);
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_frame_chain_crypto_datacnt_objalloc_new(ngtcp2_frame_chain **pfrc,
+                                                   size_t datacnt,
+                                                   ngtcp2_objalloc *objalloc,
+                                                   const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  size_t need, avail = sizeof(ngtcp2_frame) - sizeof(ngtcp2_crypto);
+
+  if (datacnt > 1) {
+    need = sizeof(ngtcp2_vec) * (datacnt - 1);
+
+    if (need > avail) {
+      return ngtcp2_frame_chain_extralen_new(pfrc, need - avail, mem);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_new(pfrc, objalloc);
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_frame_chain_new_token_objalloc_new(ngtcp2_frame_chain **pfrc,
+                                              const uint8_t *token,
+                                              size_t tokenlen,
+                                              ngtcp2_objalloc *objalloc,
+                                              const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  size_t avail = sizeof(ngtcp2_frame) - sizeof(ngtcp2_new_token);
+  int rv;
+  uint8_t *p;
+  ngtcp2_frame *fr;
+
+  if (tokenlen > avail) {
+    rv = ngtcp2_frame_chain_extralen_new(pfrc, tokenlen - avail, mem);
+  } else {
+    rv = ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_new(pfrc, objalloc);
+  }
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  fr = &(*pfrc)->fr;
+  fr->type = NGTCP2_FRAME_NEW_TOKEN;
+
+  p = (uint8_t *)fr + sizeof(ngtcp2_new_token);
+  memcpy(p, token, tokenlen);
+
+  fr->new_token.token = p;
+  fr->new_token.tokenlen = tokenlen;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_frame_chain_del(ngtcp2_frame_chain *frc, const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain_binder *binder;
+
+  if (frc == NULL) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  binder = frc->binder;
+  if (binder && --binder->refcount == 0) {
+    ngtcp2_mem_free(mem, binder);
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_mem_free(mem, frc);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(ngtcp2_frame_chain *frc,
+                                     ngtcp2_objalloc *objalloc,
+                                     const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain_binder *binder;
+
+  if (frc == NULL) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  switch (frc->fr.type) {
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAM:
+    if (frc->fr.stream.datacnt &&
+        sizeof(ngtcp2_vec) * (frc->fr.stream.datacnt - 1) >
+            sizeof(ngtcp2_frame) - sizeof(ngtcp2_stream)) {
+      ngtcp2_frame_chain_del(frc, mem);
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_CRYPTO:
+    if (frc->fr.crypto.datacnt &&
+        sizeof(ngtcp2_vec) * (frc->fr.crypto.datacnt - 1) >
+            sizeof(ngtcp2_frame) - sizeof(ngtcp2_crypto)) {
+      ngtcp2_frame_chain_del(frc, mem);
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+    break;
+  case NGTCP2_FRAME_NEW_TOKEN:
+    if (frc->fr.new_token.tokenlen >
+        sizeof(ngtcp2_frame) - sizeof(ngtcp2_new_token)) {
+      ngtcp2_frame_chain_del(frc, mem);
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+    break;
+  }
+
+  binder = frc->binder;
+  if (binder && --binder->refcount == 0) {
+    ngtcp2_mem_free(mem, binder);
+  }
+
+  frc->binder = NULL;
+
+  ngtcp2_objalloc_frame_chain_release(objalloc, frc);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_frame_chain_init(ngtcp2_frame_chain *frc) {
+  frc->next = NULL;
+  frc->binder = NULL;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_frame_chain_list_objalloc_del(ngtcp2_frame_chain *frc,
+                                          ngtcp2_objalloc *objalloc,
+                                          const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain *next;
+
+  for (; frc; frc = next) {
+    next = frc->next;
+
+    ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, objalloc, mem);
+  }
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_frame_chain_binder_new(ngtcp2_frame_chain_binder **pbinder,
+                                  const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  *pbinder = ngtcp2_mem_calloc(mem, 1, sizeof(ngtcp2_frame_chain_binder));
+  if (*pbinder == NULL) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_bind_frame_chains(ngtcp2_frame_chain *a, ngtcp2_frame_chain *b,
+                             const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain_binder *binder;
+  int rv;
+
+  assert(b->binder == NULL);
+
+  if (a->binder == NULL) {
+    rv = ngtcp2_frame_chain_binder_new(&binder, mem);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    a->binder = binder;
+    ++a->binder->refcount;
+  }
+
+  b->binder = a->binder;
+  ++b->binder->refcount;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static void rtb_entry_init(ngtcp2_rtb_entry *ent, const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                           ngtcp2_frame_chain *frc, ngtcp2_tstamp ts,
+                           size_t pktlen, uint16_t flags) {
+  memset(ent, 0, sizeof(*ent));
+
+  ent->hd.pkt_num = hd->pkt_num;
+  ent->hd.type = hd->type;
+  ent->hd.flags = hd->flags;
+  ent->frc = frc;
+  ent->ts = ts;
+  ent->lost_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+  ent->pktlen = pktlen;
+  ent->flags = flags;
+  ent->next = NULL;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_rtb_entry_objalloc_new(ngtcp2_rtb_entry **pent,
+                                  const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                                  ngtcp2_frame_chain *frc, ngtcp2_tstamp ts,
+                                  size_t pktlen, uint16_t flags,
+                                  ngtcp2_objalloc *objalloc) {
+  *pent = ngtcp2_objalloc_rtb_entry_get(objalloc);
+  if (*pent == NULL) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  rtb_entry_init(*pent, hd, frc, ts, pktlen, flags);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_rtb_entry_objalloc_del(ngtcp2_rtb_entry *ent,
+                                   ngtcp2_objalloc *objalloc,
+                                   ngtcp2_objalloc *frc_objalloc,
+                                   const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain_list_objalloc_del(ent->frc, frc_objalloc, mem);
+
+  ent->frc = NULL;
+
+  ngtcp2_objalloc_rtb_entry_release(objalloc, ent);
+}
+
+static int greater(const ngtcp2_ksl_key *lhs, const ngtcp2_ksl_key *rhs) {
+  return *(int64_t *)lhs > *(int64_t *)rhs;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_rtb_init(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb, ngtcp2_pktns_id pktns_id,
+                     ngtcp2_strm *crypto, ngtcp2_rst *rst, ngtcp2_cc *cc,
+                     ngtcp2_log *log, ngtcp2_qlog *qlog,
+                     ngtcp2_objalloc *rtb_entry_objalloc,
+                     ngtcp2_objalloc *frc_objalloc, const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  rtb->rtb_entry_objalloc = rtb_entry_objalloc;
+  rtb->frc_objalloc = frc_objalloc;
+  ngtcp2_ksl_init(&rtb->ents, greater, sizeof(int64_t), mem);
+  rtb->crypto = crypto;
+  rtb->rst = rst;
+  rtb->cc = cc;
+  rtb->log = log;
+  rtb->qlog = qlog;
+  rtb->mem = mem;
+  rtb->largest_acked_tx_pkt_num = -1;
+  rtb->num_ack_eliciting = 0;
+  rtb->num_retransmittable = 0;
+  rtb->num_pto_eliciting = 0;
+  rtb->probe_pkt_left = 0;
+  rtb->pktns_id = pktns_id;
+  rtb->cc_pkt_num = 0;
+  rtb->cc_bytes_in_flight = 0;
+  rtb->persistent_congestion_start_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+  rtb->num_lost_pkts = 0;
+  rtb->num_lost_pmtud_pkts = 0;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_rtb_free(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+
+  if (rtb == NULL) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  it = ngtcp2_ksl_begin(&rtb->ents);
+
+  for (; !ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it); ngtcp2_ksl_it_next(&it)) {
+    ngtcp2_rtb_entry_objalloc_del(ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it),
+                                  rtb->rtb_entry_objalloc, rtb->frc_objalloc,
+                                  rtb->mem);
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_ksl_free(&rtb->ents);
+}
+
+static void rtb_on_add(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb, ngtcp2_rtb_entry *ent,
+                       ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  ngtcp2_rst_on_pkt_sent(rtb->rst, ent, cstat);
+
+  assert(rtb->cc_pkt_num <= ent->hd.pkt_num);
+
+  cstat->bytes_in_flight += ent->pktlen;
+  rtb->cc_bytes_in_flight += ent->pktlen;
+
+  ngtcp2_rst_update_app_limited(rtb->rst, cstat);
+
+  if (ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING) {
+    ++rtb->num_ack_eliciting;
+  }
+  if (ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_RETRANSMITTABLE) {
+    ++rtb->num_retransmittable;
+  }
+  if (ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PTO_ELICITING) {
+    ++rtb->num_pto_eliciting;
+  }
+}
+
+static size_t rtb_on_remove(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb, ngtcp2_rtb_entry *ent,
+                            ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  if (ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_LOST_RETRANSMITTED) {
+    assert(rtb->num_lost_pkts);
+    --rtb->num_lost_pkts;
+
+    if (ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PMTUD_PROBE) {
+      assert(rtb->num_lost_pmtud_pkts);
+      --rtb->num_lost_pmtud_pkts;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING) {
+    assert(rtb->num_ack_eliciting);
+    --rtb->num_ack_eliciting;
+  }
+
+  if ((ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_RETRANSMITTABLE) &&
+      !(ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PTO_RECLAIMED)) {
+    assert(rtb->num_retransmittable);
+    --rtb->num_retransmittable;
+  }
+
+  if (ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PTO_ELICITING) {
+    assert(rtb->num_pto_eliciting);
+    --rtb->num_pto_eliciting;
+  }
+
+  if (rtb->cc_pkt_num <= ent->hd.pkt_num) {
+    assert(cstat->bytes_in_flight >= ent->pktlen);
+    cstat->bytes_in_flight -= ent->pktlen;
+
+    assert(rtb->cc_bytes_in_flight >= ent->pktlen);
+    rtb->cc_bytes_in_flight -= ent->pktlen;
+
+    /* If PMTUD packet is lost, we do not report the lost bytes to the
+       caller in order to ignore loss of PMTUD packet. */
+    if (ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PMTUD_PROBE) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    return ent->pktlen;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* NGTCP2_RECLAIM_FLAG_NONE indicates that no flag is set. */
+#define NGTCP2_RECLAIM_FLAG_NONE 0x00u
+/* NGTCP2_RECLAIM_FLAG_ON_LOSS indicates that frames are reclaimed
+   because of the packet loss.*/
+#define NGTCP2_RECLAIM_FLAG_ON_LOSS 0x01u
+
+/*
+ * rtb_reclaim_frame queues unacknowledged frames included in |ent|
+ * for retransmission.  The re-queued frames are not deleted from
+ * |ent|.  It returns the number of frames queued.  |flags| is bitwise
+ * OR of 0 or more of NGTCP2_RECLAIM_FLAG_*.
+ */
+static ngtcp2_ssize rtb_reclaim_frame(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb, uint8_t flags,
+                                      ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_pktns *pktns,
+                                      ngtcp2_rtb_entry *ent) {
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain *frc, *nfrc, **pfrc = &pktns->tx.frq;
+  ngtcp2_frame *fr;
+  ngtcp2_strm *strm;
+  ngtcp2_range gap, range;
+  size_t num_reclaimed = 0;
+  int rv;
+  int streamfrq_empty;
+
+  assert(ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_RETRANSMITTABLE);
+
+  /* TODO Reconsider the order of pfrc */
+  for (frc = ent->frc; frc; frc = frc->next) {
+    fr = &frc->fr;
+    /* Check that a late ACK acknowledged this frame. */
+    if (frc->binder &&
+        (frc->binder->flags & NGTCP2_FRAME_CHAIN_BINDER_FLAG_ACK)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    switch (frc->fr.type) {
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAM:
+      strm = ngtcp2_conn_find_stream(conn, fr->stream.stream_id);
+      if (strm == NULL) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      gap = ngtcp2_strm_get_unacked_range_after(strm, fr->stream.offset);
+
+      range.begin = fr->stream.offset;
+      range.end = fr->stream.offset +
+                  ngtcp2_vec_len(fr->stream.data, fr->stream.datacnt);
+      range = ngtcp2_range_intersect(&range, &gap);
+      if (ngtcp2_range_len(&range) == 0) {
+        if (!fr->stream.fin) {
+          /* 0 length STREAM frame with offset == 0 must be
+             retransmitted if no non-empty data is sent to this stream
+             and no data in this stream is acknowledged. */
+          if (fr->stream.offset != 0 || fr->stream.datacnt != 0 ||
+              strm->tx.offset || (strm->flags & NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_ANY_ACKED)) {
+            continue;
+          }
+        } else if (strm->flags & NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_FIN_ACKED) {
+          continue;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if ((flags & NGTCP2_RECLAIM_FLAG_ON_LOSS) &&
+          ent->hd.pkt_num != strm->tx.last_lost_pkt_num) {
+        strm->tx.last_lost_pkt_num = ent->hd.pkt_num;
+        ++strm->tx.loss_count;
+      }
+
+      rv = ngtcp2_frame_chain_stream_datacnt_objalloc_new(
+          &nfrc, fr->stream.datacnt, rtb->frc_objalloc, rtb->mem);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+
+      nfrc->fr = *fr;
+      ngtcp2_vec_copy(nfrc->fr.stream.data, fr->stream.data,
+                      fr->stream.datacnt);
+
+      streamfrq_empty = ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_empty(strm);
+      rv = ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_push(strm, nfrc);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(nfrc, rtb->frc_objalloc, rtb->mem);
+        return rv;
+      }
+      if (!ngtcp2_strm_is_tx_queued(strm)) {
+        strm->cycle = ngtcp2_conn_tx_strmq_first_cycle(conn);
+        rv = ngtcp2_conn_tx_strmq_push(conn, strm);
+        if (rv != 0) {
+          return rv;
+        }
+      }
+      if (streamfrq_empty) {
+        ++conn->tx.strmq_nretrans;
+      }
+
+      ++num_reclaimed;
+
+      continue;
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_CRYPTO:
+      /* Don't resend CRYPTO frame if the whole region it contains has
+         been acknowledged */
+      gap = ngtcp2_strm_get_unacked_range_after(rtb->crypto, fr->crypto.offset);
+
+      range.begin = fr->crypto.offset;
+      range.end = fr->crypto.offset +
+                  ngtcp2_vec_len(fr->crypto.data, fr->crypto.datacnt);
+      range = ngtcp2_range_intersect(&range, &gap);
+      if (ngtcp2_range_len(&range) == 0) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      rv = ngtcp2_frame_chain_crypto_datacnt_objalloc_new(
+          &nfrc, fr->crypto.datacnt, rtb->frc_objalloc, rtb->mem);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+
+      nfrc->fr = *fr;
+      ngtcp2_vec_copy(nfrc->fr.crypto.data, fr->crypto.data,
+                      fr->crypto.datacnt);
+
+      rv = ngtcp2_ksl_insert(&pktns->crypto.tx.frq, NULL,
+                             &nfrc->fr.crypto.offset, nfrc);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv));
+        ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(nfrc, rtb->frc_objalloc, rtb->mem);
+        return rv;
+      }
+
+      ++num_reclaimed;
+
+      continue;
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_NEW_TOKEN:
+      rv = ngtcp2_frame_chain_new_token_objalloc_new(
+          &nfrc, fr->new_token.token, fr->new_token.tokenlen, rtb->frc_objalloc,
+          rtb->mem);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+
+      rv = ngtcp2_bind_frame_chains(frc, nfrc, rtb->mem);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_DATAGRAM:
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_DATAGRAM_LEN:
+      continue;
+    default:
+      rv = ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_new(&nfrc, rtb->frc_objalloc);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+
+      nfrc->fr = *fr;
+
+      rv = ngtcp2_bind_frame_chains(frc, nfrc, rtb->mem);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+
+      break;
+    }
+
+    ++num_reclaimed;
+
+    nfrc->next = *pfrc;
+    *pfrc = nfrc;
+    pfrc = &nfrc->next;
+  }
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)num_reclaimed;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_process_lost_datagram calls ngtcp2_lost_datagram callback for
+ * lost DATAGRAM frames.
+ */
+static int conn_process_lost_datagram(ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                      ngtcp2_rtb_entry *ent) {
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain *frc;
+  int rv;
+
+  for (frc = ent->frc; frc; frc = frc->next) {
+    switch (frc->fr.type) {
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_DATAGRAM:
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_DATAGRAM_LEN:
+      assert(conn->callbacks.lost_datagram);
+
+      rv = conn->callbacks.lost_datagram(conn, frc->fr.datagram.dgram_id,
+                                         conn->user_data);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int rtb_on_pkt_lost(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb, ngtcp2_ksl_it *it,
+                           ngtcp2_rtb_entry *ent, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                           ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_pktns *pktns,
+                           ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  int rv;
+  ngtcp2_ssize reclaimed;
+  ngtcp2_cc *cc = rtb->cc;
+  ngtcp2_cc_pkt pkt;
+
+  ngtcp2_log_pkt_lost(rtb->log, ent->hd.pkt_num, ent->hd.type, ent->hd.flags,
+                      ent->ts);
+
+  if (rtb->qlog) {
+    ngtcp2_qlog_pkt_lost(rtb->qlog, ent);
+  }
+
+  if (ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PMTUD_PROBE) {
+    ++rtb->num_lost_pmtud_pkts;
+  } else if (rtb->cc->on_pkt_lost) {
+    cc->on_pkt_lost(cc, cstat,
+                    ngtcp2_cc_pkt_init(&pkt, ent->hd.pkt_num, ent->pktlen,
+                                       rtb->pktns_id, ent->ts, ent->rst.lost,
+                                       ent->rst.tx_in_flight,
+                                       ent->rst.is_app_limited),
+                    ts);
+  }
+
+  if (ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PTO_RECLAIMED) {
+    ngtcp2_log_info(rtb->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                    "pkn=%" PRId64 " has already been reclaimed on PTO",
+                    ent->hd.pkt_num);
+    assert(!(ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_LOST_RETRANSMITTED));
+    assert(UINT64_MAX == ent->lost_ts);
+
+    ent->flags |= NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_LOST_RETRANSMITTED;
+    ent->lost_ts = ts;
+
+    ++rtb->num_lost_pkts;
+
+    ngtcp2_ksl_it_next(it);
+
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (conn->callbacks.lost_datagram &&
+      (ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_DATAGRAM)) {
+    rv = conn_process_lost_datagram(conn, ent);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_RETRANSMITTABLE) {
+    assert(ent->frc);
+    assert(!(ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_LOST_RETRANSMITTED));
+    assert(UINT64_MAX == ent->lost_ts);
+
+    reclaimed =
+        rtb_reclaim_frame(rtb, NGTCP2_RECLAIM_FLAG_ON_LOSS, conn, pktns, ent);
+    if (reclaimed < 0) {
+      return (int)reclaimed;
+    }
+  }
+
+  ent->flags |= NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_LOST_RETRANSMITTED;
+  ent->lost_ts = ts;
+
+  ++rtb->num_lost_pkts;
+
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it_next(it);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_rtb_add(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb, ngtcp2_rtb_entry *ent,
+                   ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  int rv;
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_ksl_insert(&rtb->ents, NULL, &ent->hd.pkt_num, ent);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  rtb_on_add(rtb, ent, cstat);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ksl_it ngtcp2_rtb_head(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb) {
+  return ngtcp2_ksl_begin(&rtb->ents);
+}
+
+static void rtb_remove(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb, ngtcp2_ksl_it *it,
+                       ngtcp2_rtb_entry **pent, ngtcp2_rtb_entry *ent,
+                       ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  int rv;
+  (void)rv;
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_ksl_remove_hint(&rtb->ents, it, it, &ent->hd.pkt_num);
+  assert(0 == rv);
+  rtb_on_remove(rtb, ent, cstat);
+
+  assert(ent->next == NULL);
+
+  ngtcp2_list_insert(ent, pent);
+}
+
+static void conn_ack_crypto_data(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_pktns *pktns,
+                                 uint64_t datalen) {
+  ngtcp2_buf_chain **pbufchain, *bufchain;
+  size_t left;
+
+  for (pbufchain = &pktns->crypto.tx.data; *pbufchain;) {
+    left = ngtcp2_buf_len(&(*pbufchain)->buf);
+    if (left > datalen) {
+      (*pbufchain)->buf.pos += datalen;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    bufchain = *pbufchain;
+    *pbufchain = bufchain->next;
+
+    ngtcp2_mem_free(conn->mem, bufchain);
+
+    datalen -= left;
+
+    if (datalen == 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  assert(datalen == 0);
+
+  return;
+}
+
+static int rtb_process_acked_pkt(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb, ngtcp2_rtb_entry *ent,
+                                 ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain *frc;
+  uint64_t prev_stream_offset, stream_offset;
+  ngtcp2_strm *strm;
+  int rv;
+  uint64_t datalen;
+  ngtcp2_strm *crypto = rtb->crypto;
+  ngtcp2_pktns *pktns = NULL;
+
+  if ((ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PMTUD_PROBE) && conn->pmtud &&
+      conn->pmtud->tx_pkt_num <= ent->hd.pkt_num) {
+    ngtcp2_pmtud_probe_success(conn->pmtud, ent->pktlen);
+
+    conn->dcid.current.max_udp_payload_size =
+        ngtcp2_max(conn->dcid.current.max_udp_payload_size, ent->pktlen);
+
+    if (ngtcp2_pmtud_finished(conn->pmtud)) {
+      ngtcp2_conn_stop_pmtud(conn);
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (frc = ent->frc; frc; frc = frc->next) {
+    if (frc->binder) {
+      frc->binder->flags |= NGTCP2_FRAME_CHAIN_BINDER_FLAG_ACK;
+    }
+
+    switch (frc->fr.type) {
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAM:
+      strm = ngtcp2_conn_find_stream(conn, frc->fr.stream.stream_id);
+      if (strm == NULL) {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      strm->flags |= NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_ANY_ACKED;
+
+      if (frc->fr.stream.fin) {
+        strm->flags |= NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_FIN_ACKED;
+      }
+
+      prev_stream_offset = ngtcp2_strm_get_acked_offset(strm);
+      rv = ngtcp2_strm_ack_data(
+          strm, frc->fr.stream.offset,
+          ngtcp2_vec_len(frc->fr.stream.data, frc->fr.stream.datacnt));
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+
+      if (conn->callbacks.acked_stream_data_offset) {
+        stream_offset = ngtcp2_strm_get_acked_offset(strm);
+        datalen = stream_offset - prev_stream_offset;
+        if (datalen == 0 && !frc->fr.stream.fin) {
+          break;
+        }
+
+        rv = conn->callbacks.acked_stream_data_offset(
+            conn, strm->stream_id, prev_stream_offset, datalen, conn->user_data,
+            strm->stream_user_data);
+        if (rv != 0) {
+          return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+        }
+      }
+
+      rv = ngtcp2_conn_close_stream_if_shut_rdwr(conn, strm);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_CRYPTO:
+      prev_stream_offset = ngtcp2_strm_get_acked_offset(crypto);
+      rv = ngtcp2_strm_ack_data(
+          crypto, frc->fr.crypto.offset,
+          ngtcp2_vec_len(frc->fr.crypto.data, frc->fr.crypto.datacnt));
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+
+      stream_offset = ngtcp2_strm_get_acked_offset(crypto);
+      datalen = stream_offset - prev_stream_offset;
+      if (datalen == 0) {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      switch (rtb->pktns_id) {
+      case NGTCP2_PKTNS_ID_INITIAL:
+        pktns = conn->in_pktns;
+        break;
+      case NGTCP2_PKTNS_ID_HANDSHAKE:
+        pktns = conn->hs_pktns;
+        break;
+      case NGTCP2_PKTNS_ID_APPLICATION:
+        pktns = &conn->pktns;
+        break;
+      default:
+        ngtcp2_unreachable();
+      }
+
+      conn_ack_crypto_data(conn, pktns, datalen);
+
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_RESET_STREAM:
+      strm = ngtcp2_conn_find_stream(conn, frc->fr.reset_stream.stream_id);
+      if (strm == NULL) {
+        break;
+      }
+      strm->flags |= NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_RST_ACKED;
+      rv = ngtcp2_conn_close_stream_if_shut_rdwr(conn, strm);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_RETIRE_CONNECTION_ID:
+      ngtcp2_conn_untrack_retired_dcid_seq(conn,
+                                           frc->fr.retire_connection_id.seq);
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_DATAGRAM:
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_DATAGRAM_LEN:
+      if (!conn->callbacks.ack_datagram) {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      rv = conn->callbacks.ack_datagram(conn, frc->fr.datagram.dgram_id,
+                                        conn->user_data);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static void rtb_on_pkt_acked(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb, ngtcp2_rtb_entry *ent,
+                             ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_cc *cc = rtb->cc;
+  ngtcp2_cc_pkt pkt;
+
+  ngtcp2_rst_update_rate_sample(rtb->rst, ent, ts);
+
+  cc->on_pkt_acked(cc, cstat,
+                   ngtcp2_cc_pkt_init(&pkt, ent->hd.pkt_num, ent->pktlen,
+                                      rtb->pktns_id, ent->ts, ent->rst.lost,
+                                      ent->rst.tx_in_flight,
+                                      ent->rst.is_app_limited),
+                   ts);
+
+  if (!(ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PROBE) &&
+      (ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING)) {
+    cstat->pto_count = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+static void conn_verify_ecn(ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_pktns *pktns,
+                            ngtcp2_cc *cc, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                            const ngtcp2_ack *fr, size_t ecn_acked,
+                            ngtcp2_tstamp largest_acked_sent_ts,
+                            ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  if (conn->tx.ecn.state == NGTCP2_ECN_STATE_FAILED) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if ((ecn_acked && fr->type == NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK) ||
+      (fr->type == NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK_ECN &&
+       (pktns->rx.ecn.ack.ect0 > fr->ecn.ect0 ||
+        pktns->rx.ecn.ack.ect1 > fr->ecn.ect1 ||
+        pktns->rx.ecn.ack.ce > fr->ecn.ce ||
+        (fr->ecn.ect0 - pktns->rx.ecn.ack.ect0) +
+                (fr->ecn.ce - pktns->rx.ecn.ack.ce) <
+            ecn_acked ||
+        fr->ecn.ect0 > pktns->tx.ecn.ect0 || fr->ecn.ect1))) {
+    ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_CON,
+                    "path is not ECN capable");
+    conn->tx.ecn.state = NGTCP2_ECN_STATE_FAILED;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (conn->tx.ecn.state != NGTCP2_ECN_STATE_CAPABLE && ecn_acked) {
+    ngtcp2_log_info(&conn->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_CON, "path is ECN capable");
+    conn->tx.ecn.state = NGTCP2_ECN_STATE_CAPABLE;
+  }
+
+  if (fr->type == NGTCP2_FRAME_ACK_ECN) {
+    if (largest_acked_sent_ts != UINT64_MAX &&
+        fr->ecn.ce > pktns->rx.ecn.ack.ce) {
+      cc->congestion_event(cc, cstat, largest_acked_sent_ts, ts);
+    }
+
+    pktns->rx.ecn.ack.ect0 = fr->ecn.ect0;
+    pktns->rx.ecn.ack.ect1 = fr->ecn.ect1;
+    pktns->rx.ecn.ack.ce = fr->ecn.ce;
+  }
+}
+
+static int rtb_detect_lost_pkt(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb, uint64_t *ppkt_lost,
+                               ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_pktns *pktns,
+                               ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat, ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_rtb_recv_ack(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb, const ngtcp2_ack *fr,
+                                 ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat, ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                 ngtcp2_pktns *pktns, ngtcp2_tstamp pkt_ts,
+                                 ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_rtb_entry *ent;
+  int64_t largest_ack = fr->largest_ack, min_ack;
+  size_t i;
+  int rv;
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+  ngtcp2_ssize num_acked = 0;
+  ngtcp2_tstamp largest_pkt_sent_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+  ngtcp2_tstamp largest_acked_sent_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+  int64_t pkt_num;
+  ngtcp2_cc *cc = rtb->cc;
+  ngtcp2_rtb_entry *acked_ent = NULL;
+  int ack_eliciting_pkt_acked = 0;
+  size_t ecn_acked = 0;
+  int verify_ecn = 0;
+  ngtcp2_cc_ack cc_ack = {0};
+  size_t num_lost_pkts = rtb->num_lost_pkts - rtb->num_lost_pmtud_pkts;
+
+  cc_ack.prior_bytes_in_flight = cstat->bytes_in_flight;
+  cc_ack.rtt = UINT64_MAX;
+
+  if (conn && (conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_KEY_UPDATE_NOT_CONFIRMED) &&
+      (conn->flags & NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_KEY_UPDATE_INITIATOR) &&
+      largest_ack >= conn->pktns.crypto.tx.ckm->pkt_num) {
+    conn->flags &= (uint32_t) ~(NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_KEY_UPDATE_NOT_CONFIRMED |
+                                NGTCP2_CONN_FLAG_KEY_UPDATE_INITIATOR);
+    conn->crypto.key_update.confirmed_ts = ts;
+
+    ngtcp2_log_info(rtb->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_CRY, "key update confirmed");
+  }
+
+  if (rtb->largest_acked_tx_pkt_num < largest_ack) {
+    rtb->largest_acked_tx_pkt_num = largest_ack;
+    verify_ecn = 1;
+  }
+
+  /* Assume that ngtcp2_pkt_validate_ack(fr) returns 0 */
+  it = ngtcp2_ksl_lower_bound(&rtb->ents, &largest_ack);
+  if (ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it)) {
+    if (conn && verify_ecn) {
+      conn_verify_ecn(conn, pktns, rtb->cc, cstat, fr, ecn_acked,
+                      largest_acked_sent_ts, ts);
+    }
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  min_ack = largest_ack - (int64_t)fr->first_ack_range;
+
+  for (; !ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it);) {
+    pkt_num = *(int64_t *)ngtcp2_ksl_it_key(&it);
+
+    assert(pkt_num <= largest_ack);
+
+    if (pkt_num < min_ack) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    ent = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+
+    if (largest_ack == pkt_num) {
+      largest_pkt_sent_ts = ent->ts;
+    }
+
+    if (ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING) {
+      ack_eliciting_pkt_acked = 1;
+    }
+
+    rtb_remove(rtb, &it, &acked_ent, ent, cstat);
+    ++num_acked;
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < fr->rangecnt;) {
+    largest_ack = min_ack - (int64_t)fr->ranges[i].gap - 2;
+    min_ack = largest_ack - (int64_t)fr->ranges[i].len;
+
+    it = ngtcp2_ksl_lower_bound(&rtb->ents, &largest_ack);
+    if (ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it)) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    for (; !ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it);) {
+      pkt_num = *(int64_t *)ngtcp2_ksl_it_key(&it);
+      if (pkt_num < min_ack) {
+        break;
+      }
+      ent = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+
+      if (ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING) {
+        ack_eliciting_pkt_acked = 1;
+      }
+
+      rtb_remove(rtb, &it, &acked_ent, ent, cstat);
+      ++num_acked;
+    }
+
+    ++i;
+  }
+
+  if (largest_pkt_sent_ts != UINT64_MAX && ack_eliciting_pkt_acked) {
+    cc_ack.rtt = pkt_ts - largest_pkt_sent_ts;
+
+    rv = ngtcp2_conn_update_rtt(conn, cc_ack.rtt, fr->ack_delay_unscaled, ts);
+    if (rv == 0 && cc->new_rtt_sample) {
+      cc->new_rtt_sample(cc, cstat, ts);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (conn) {
+    for (ent = acked_ent; ent; ent = acked_ent) {
+      if (ent->hd.pkt_num >= pktns->tx.ecn.start_pkt_num &&
+          (ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ECN)) {
+        ++ecn_acked;
+      }
+
+      assert(largest_acked_sent_ts == UINT64_MAX ||
+             largest_acked_sent_ts <= ent->ts);
+
+      largest_acked_sent_ts = ent->ts;
+
+      rv = rtb_process_acked_pkt(rtb, ent, conn);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        goto fail;
+      }
+
+      if (ent->hd.pkt_num >= rtb->cc_pkt_num) {
+        assert(cc_ack.pkt_delivered <= ent->rst.delivered);
+
+        cc_ack.bytes_delivered += ent->pktlen;
+        cc_ack.pkt_delivered = ent->rst.delivered;
+      }
+
+      rtb_on_pkt_acked(rtb, ent, cstat, ts);
+      acked_ent = ent->next;
+      ngtcp2_rtb_entry_objalloc_del(ent, rtb->rtb_entry_objalloc,
+                                    rtb->frc_objalloc, rtb->mem);
+    }
+
+    if (verify_ecn) {
+      conn_verify_ecn(conn, pktns, rtb->cc, cstat, fr, ecn_acked,
+                      largest_acked_sent_ts, ts);
+    }
+  } else {
+    /* For unit tests */
+    for (ent = acked_ent; ent; ent = acked_ent) {
+      rtb_on_pkt_acked(rtb, ent, cstat, ts);
+      acked_ent = ent->next;
+      ngtcp2_rtb_entry_objalloc_del(ent, rtb->rtb_entry_objalloc,
+                                    rtb->frc_objalloc, rtb->mem);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (rtb->cc->on_spurious_congestion && num_lost_pkts &&
+      rtb->num_lost_pkts - rtb->num_lost_pmtud_pkts == 0) {
+    rtb->cc->on_spurious_congestion(cc, cstat, ts);
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_rst_on_ack_recv(rtb->rst, cstat, cc_ack.pkt_delivered);
+
+  if (conn && num_acked > 0) {
+    rv = rtb_detect_lost_pkt(rtb, &cc_ack.bytes_lost, conn, pktns, cstat, ts);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+  }
+
+  rtb->rst->lost += cc_ack.bytes_lost;
+
+  cc_ack.largest_acked_sent_ts = largest_acked_sent_ts;
+  cc->on_ack_recv(cc, cstat, &cc_ack, ts);
+
+  return num_acked;
+
+fail:
+  for (ent = acked_ent; ent; ent = acked_ent) {
+    acked_ent = ent->next;
+    ngtcp2_rtb_entry_objalloc_del(ent, rtb->rtb_entry_objalloc,
+                                  rtb->frc_objalloc, rtb->mem);
+  }
+
+  return rv;
+}
+
+static int rtb_pkt_lost(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                        const ngtcp2_rtb_entry *ent, ngtcp2_duration loss_delay,
+                        size_t pkt_thres, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_tstamp loss_time;
+
+  if (ent->ts + loss_delay <= ts ||
+      rtb->largest_acked_tx_pkt_num >= ent->hd.pkt_num + (int64_t)pkt_thres) {
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  loss_time = cstat->loss_time[rtb->pktns_id];
+
+  if (loss_time == UINT64_MAX) {
+    loss_time = ent->ts + loss_delay;
+  } else {
+    loss_time = ngtcp2_min(loss_time, ent->ts + loss_delay);
+  }
+
+  cstat->loss_time[rtb->pktns_id] = loss_time;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * rtb_compute_pkt_loss_delay computes loss delay.
+ */
+static ngtcp2_duration compute_pkt_loss_delay(const ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  /* 9/8 is kTimeThreshold */
+  ngtcp2_duration loss_delay =
+      ngtcp2_max(cstat->latest_rtt, cstat->smoothed_rtt) * 9 / 8;
+  return ngtcp2_max(loss_delay, NGTCP2_GRANULARITY);
+}
+
+/*
+ * conn_all_ecn_pkt_lost returns nonzero if all ECN QUIC packets are
+ * lost during validation period.
+ */
+static int conn_all_ecn_pkt_lost(ngtcp2_conn *conn) {
+  ngtcp2_pktns *in_pktns = conn->in_pktns;
+  ngtcp2_pktns *hs_pktns = conn->hs_pktns;
+  ngtcp2_pktns *pktns = &conn->pktns;
+
+  return (!in_pktns || in_pktns->tx.ecn.validation_pkt_sent ==
+                           in_pktns->tx.ecn.validation_pkt_lost) &&
+         (!hs_pktns || hs_pktns->tx.ecn.validation_pkt_sent ==
+                           hs_pktns->tx.ecn.validation_pkt_lost) &&
+         pktns->tx.ecn.validation_pkt_sent == pktns->tx.ecn.validation_pkt_lost;
+}
+
+static int rtb_detect_lost_pkt(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb, uint64_t *ppkt_lost,
+                               ngtcp2_conn *conn, ngtcp2_pktns *pktns,
+                               ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat, ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_rtb_entry *ent;
+  ngtcp2_duration loss_delay;
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+  ngtcp2_tstamp latest_ts, oldest_ts;
+  int64_t last_lost_pkt_num;
+  ngtcp2_duration loss_window, congestion_period;
+  ngtcp2_cc *cc = rtb->cc;
+  int rv;
+  uint64_t pkt_thres =
+      rtb->cc_bytes_in_flight / cstat->max_tx_udp_payload_size / 2;
+  size_t ecn_pkt_lost = 0;
+  ngtcp2_tstamp start_ts;
+  ngtcp2_duration pto = ngtcp2_conn_compute_pto(conn, pktns);
+  uint64_t bytes_lost = 0;
+  ngtcp2_duration max_ack_delay;
+
+  pkt_thres = ngtcp2_max(pkt_thres, NGTCP2_PKT_THRESHOLD);
+  pkt_thres = ngtcp2_min(pkt_thres, 256);
+  cstat->loss_time[rtb->pktns_id] = UINT64_MAX;
+  loss_delay = compute_pkt_loss_delay(cstat);
+
+  it = ngtcp2_ksl_lower_bound(&rtb->ents, &rtb->largest_acked_tx_pkt_num);
+  for (; !ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it); ngtcp2_ksl_it_next(&it)) {
+    ent = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+
+    if (ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_LOST_RETRANSMITTED) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    if (rtb_pkt_lost(rtb, cstat, ent, loss_delay, (size_t)pkt_thres, ts)) {
+      /* All entries from ent are considered to be lost. */
+      latest_ts = oldest_ts = ent->ts;
+      last_lost_pkt_num = ent->hd.pkt_num;
+      max_ack_delay = conn->remote.transport_params
+                          ? conn->remote.transport_params->max_ack_delay
+                          : 0;
+
+      congestion_period =
+          (cstat->smoothed_rtt +
+           ngtcp2_max(4 * cstat->rttvar, NGTCP2_GRANULARITY) + max_ack_delay) *
+          NGTCP2_PERSISTENT_CONGESTION_THRESHOLD;
+
+      start_ts = ngtcp2_max(rtb->persistent_congestion_start_ts,
+                            cstat->first_rtt_sample_ts);
+
+      for (; !ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it);) {
+        ent = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+
+        if (last_lost_pkt_num == ent->hd.pkt_num + 1 && ent->ts >= start_ts) {
+          last_lost_pkt_num = ent->hd.pkt_num;
+          oldest_ts = ent->ts;
+        } else {
+          last_lost_pkt_num = -1;
+        }
+
+        if ((ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_LOST_RETRANSMITTED)) {
+          if (rtb->pktns_id != NGTCP2_PKTNS_ID_APPLICATION ||
+              last_lost_pkt_num == -1 ||
+              latest_ts - oldest_ts >= congestion_period) {
+            break;
+          }
+          ngtcp2_ksl_it_next(&it);
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        if (ent->hd.pkt_num >= pktns->tx.ecn.start_pkt_num &&
+            (ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ECN)) {
+          ++ecn_pkt_lost;
+        }
+
+        bytes_lost += rtb_on_remove(rtb, ent, cstat);
+        rv = rtb_on_pkt_lost(rtb, &it, ent, cstat, conn, pktns, ts);
+        if (rv != 0) {
+          return rv;
+        }
+      }
+
+      /* If only PMTUD packets are lost, do not trigger congestion
+         event. */
+      if (bytes_lost == 0) {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      switch (conn->tx.ecn.state) {
+      case NGTCP2_ECN_STATE_TESTING:
+        if (conn->tx.ecn.validation_start_ts == UINT64_MAX) {
+          break;
+        }
+        if (ts - conn->tx.ecn.validation_start_ts < 3 * pto) {
+          pktns->tx.ecn.validation_pkt_lost += ecn_pkt_lost;
+          assert(pktns->tx.ecn.validation_pkt_sent >=
+                 pktns->tx.ecn.validation_pkt_lost);
+          break;
+        }
+        conn->tx.ecn.state = NGTCP2_ECN_STATE_UNKNOWN;
+        /* fall through */
+      case NGTCP2_ECN_STATE_UNKNOWN:
+        pktns->tx.ecn.validation_pkt_lost += ecn_pkt_lost;
+        assert(pktns->tx.ecn.validation_pkt_sent >=
+               pktns->tx.ecn.validation_pkt_lost);
+        if (conn_all_ecn_pkt_lost(conn)) {
+          conn->tx.ecn.state = NGTCP2_ECN_STATE_FAILED;
+        }
+        break;
+      default:
+        break;
+      }
+
+      cc->congestion_event(cc, cstat, latest_ts, ts);
+
+      loss_window = latest_ts - oldest_ts;
+      /* Persistent congestion situation is only evaluated for app
+       * packet number space and for the packets sent after handshake
+       * is confirmed.  During handshake, there is not much packets
+       * sent and also people seem to do lots of effort not to trigger
+       * persistent congestion there, then it is a lot easier to just
+       * not enable it during handshake.
+       */
+      if (rtb->pktns_id == NGTCP2_PKTNS_ID_APPLICATION && loss_window > 0) {
+        if (loss_window >= congestion_period) {
+          ngtcp2_log_info(rtb->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                          "persistent congestion loss_window=%" PRIu64
+                          " congestion_period=%" PRIu64,
+                          loss_window, congestion_period);
+
+          /* Reset min_rtt, srtt, and rttvar here.  Next new RTT
+             sample will be used to recalculate these values. */
+          cstat->min_rtt = UINT64_MAX;
+          cstat->smoothed_rtt = conn->local.settings.initial_rtt;
+          cstat->rttvar = conn->local.settings.initial_rtt / 2;
+          cstat->first_rtt_sample_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+
+          cc->on_persistent_congestion(cc, cstat, ts);
+        }
+      }
+
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_rtb_remove_excessive_lost_pkt(rtb, (size_t)pkt_thres);
+
+  if (ppkt_lost) {
+    *ppkt_lost = bytes_lost;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_rtb_detect_lost_pkt(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb, ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                               ngtcp2_pktns *pktns, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                               ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  return rtb_detect_lost_pkt(rtb, /* ppkt_lost = */ NULL, conn, pktns, cstat,
+                             ts);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_rtb_remove_excessive_lost_pkt(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb, size_t n) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it = ngtcp2_ksl_end(&rtb->ents);
+  ngtcp2_rtb_entry *ent;
+  int rv;
+  (void)rv;
+
+  for (; rtb->num_lost_pkts > n;) {
+    assert(ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it));
+    ngtcp2_ksl_it_prev(&it);
+    ent = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+
+    assert(ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_LOST_RETRANSMITTED);
+
+    ngtcp2_log_info(rtb->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                    "removing stale lost pkn=%" PRId64, ent->hd.pkt_num);
+
+    --rtb->num_lost_pkts;
+
+    if (ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PMTUD_PROBE) {
+      --rtb->num_lost_pmtud_pkts;
+    }
+
+    rv = ngtcp2_ksl_remove_hint(&rtb->ents, &it, &it, &ent->hd.pkt_num);
+    assert(0 == rv);
+    ngtcp2_rtb_entry_objalloc_del(ent, rtb->rtb_entry_objalloc,
+                                  rtb->frc_objalloc, rtb->mem);
+  }
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_rtb_remove_expired_lost_pkt(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb, ngtcp2_duration pto,
+                                        ngtcp2_tstamp ts) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+  ngtcp2_rtb_entry *ent;
+  int rv;
+  (void)rv;
+
+  if (ngtcp2_ksl_len(&rtb->ents) == 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  it = ngtcp2_ksl_end(&rtb->ents);
+
+  for (;;) {
+    assert(ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it));
+
+    ngtcp2_ksl_it_prev(&it);
+    ent = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+
+    if (!(ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_LOST_RETRANSMITTED) ||
+        ts - ent->lost_ts < pto) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    ngtcp2_log_info(rtb->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                    "removing stale lost pkn=%" PRId64, ent->hd.pkt_num);
+
+    --rtb->num_lost_pkts;
+
+    if (ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PMTUD_PROBE) {
+      --rtb->num_lost_pmtud_pkts;
+    }
+
+    rv = ngtcp2_ksl_remove_hint(&rtb->ents, &it, &it, &ent->hd.pkt_num);
+    assert(0 == rv);
+    ngtcp2_rtb_entry_objalloc_del(ent, rtb->rtb_entry_objalloc,
+                                  rtb->frc_objalloc, rtb->mem);
+
+    if (ngtcp2_ksl_len(&rtb->ents) == 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+ngtcp2_tstamp ngtcp2_rtb_lost_pkt_ts(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+  ngtcp2_rtb_entry *ent;
+
+  if (ngtcp2_ksl_len(&rtb->ents) == 0) {
+    return UINT64_MAX;
+  }
+
+  it = ngtcp2_ksl_end(&rtb->ents);
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it_prev(&it);
+  ent = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+
+  if (!(ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_LOST_RETRANSMITTED)) {
+    return UINT64_MAX;
+  }
+
+  return ent->lost_ts;
+}
+
+static int rtb_on_pkt_lost_resched_move(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb, ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                        ngtcp2_pktns *pktns,
+                                        ngtcp2_rtb_entry *ent) {
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain **pfrc, *frc;
+  ngtcp2_stream *sfr;
+  ngtcp2_strm *strm;
+  int rv;
+  int streamfrq_empty;
+
+  ngtcp2_log_pkt_lost(rtb->log, ent->hd.pkt_num, ent->hd.type, ent->hd.flags,
+                      ent->ts);
+
+  if (rtb->qlog) {
+    ngtcp2_qlog_pkt_lost(rtb->qlog, ent);
+  }
+
+  if (ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PROBE) {
+    ngtcp2_log_info(rtb->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                    "pkn=%" PRId64
+                    " is a probe packet, no retransmission is necessary",
+                    ent->hd.pkt_num);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PMTUD_PROBE) {
+    ngtcp2_log_info(rtb->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                    "pkn=%" PRId64
+                    " is a PMTUD probe packet, no retransmission is necessary",
+                    ent->hd.pkt_num);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_LOST_RETRANSMITTED) {
+    --rtb->num_lost_pkts;
+
+    if (ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PMTUD_PROBE) {
+      --rtb->num_lost_pmtud_pkts;
+    }
+
+    ngtcp2_log_info(rtb->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                    "pkn=%" PRId64
+                    " was declared lost and has already been retransmitted",
+                    ent->hd.pkt_num);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PTO_RECLAIMED) {
+    ngtcp2_log_info(rtb->log, NGTCP2_LOG_EVENT_RCV,
+                    "pkn=%" PRId64 " has already been reclaimed on PTO",
+                    ent->hd.pkt_num);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (!(ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_RETRANSMITTABLE) &&
+      (!(ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_DATAGRAM) ||
+       !conn->callbacks.lost_datagram)) {
+    /* PADDING only (or PADDING + ACK ) packets will have NULL
+       ent->frc. */
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  pfrc = &ent->frc;
+
+  for (; *pfrc;) {
+    switch ((*pfrc)->fr.type) {
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAM:
+      frc = *pfrc;
+
+      *pfrc = frc->next;
+      frc->next = NULL;
+      sfr = &frc->fr.stream;
+
+      strm = ngtcp2_conn_find_stream(conn, sfr->stream_id);
+      if (!strm) {
+        ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, rtb->frc_objalloc, rtb->mem);
+        break;
+      }
+      streamfrq_empty = ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_empty(strm);
+      rv = ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_push(strm, frc);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, rtb->frc_objalloc, rtb->mem);
+        return rv;
+      }
+      if (!ngtcp2_strm_is_tx_queued(strm)) {
+        strm->cycle = ngtcp2_conn_tx_strmq_first_cycle(conn);
+        rv = ngtcp2_conn_tx_strmq_push(conn, strm);
+        if (rv != 0) {
+          return rv;
+        }
+      }
+      if (streamfrq_empty) {
+        ++conn->tx.strmq_nretrans;
+      }
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_CRYPTO:
+      frc = *pfrc;
+
+      *pfrc = frc->next;
+      frc->next = NULL;
+
+      rv = ngtcp2_ksl_insert(&pktns->crypto.tx.frq, NULL,
+                             &frc->fr.crypto.offset, frc);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv));
+        ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, rtb->frc_objalloc, rtb->mem);
+        return rv;
+      }
+      break;
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_DATAGRAM:
+    case NGTCP2_FRAME_DATAGRAM_LEN:
+      frc = *pfrc;
+
+      if (conn->callbacks.lost_datagram) {
+        rv = conn->callbacks.lost_datagram(conn, frc->fr.datagram.dgram_id,
+                                           conn->user_data);
+        if (rv != 0) {
+          return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
+        }
+      }
+
+      *pfrc = (*pfrc)->next;
+
+      ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, rtb->frc_objalloc, rtb->mem);
+      break;
+    default:
+      pfrc = &(*pfrc)->next;
+    }
+  }
+
+  *pfrc = pktns->tx.frq;
+  pktns->tx.frq = ent->frc;
+  ent->frc = NULL;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_rtb_remove_all(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb, ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                          ngtcp2_pktns *pktns, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  ngtcp2_rtb_entry *ent;
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+  int rv;
+
+  it = ngtcp2_ksl_begin(&rtb->ents);
+
+  for (; !ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it);) {
+    ent = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+
+    rtb_on_remove(rtb, ent, cstat);
+    rv = ngtcp2_ksl_remove_hint(&rtb->ents, &it, &it, &ent->hd.pkt_num);
+    assert(0 == rv);
+
+    rv = rtb_on_pkt_lost_resched_move(rtb, conn, pktns, ent);
+    ngtcp2_rtb_entry_objalloc_del(ent, rtb->rtb_entry_objalloc,
+                                  rtb->frc_objalloc, rtb->mem);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_rtb_remove_early_data(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat) {
+  ngtcp2_rtb_entry *ent;
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+  int rv;
+  (void)rv;
+
+  it = ngtcp2_ksl_begin(&rtb->ents);
+
+  for (; !ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it);) {
+    ent = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+
+    if (ent->hd.type != NGTCP2_PKT_0RTT) {
+      ngtcp2_ksl_it_next(&it);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    rtb_on_remove(rtb, ent, cstat);
+    rv = ngtcp2_ksl_remove_hint(&rtb->ents, &it, &it, &ent->hd.pkt_num);
+    assert(0 == rv);
+
+    ngtcp2_rtb_entry_objalloc_del(ent, rtb->rtb_entry_objalloc,
+                                  rtb->frc_objalloc, rtb->mem);
+  }
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_rtb_empty(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb) {
+  return ngtcp2_ksl_len(&rtb->ents) == 0;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_rtb_reset_cc_state(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb, int64_t cc_pkt_num) {
+  rtb->cc_pkt_num = cc_pkt_num;
+  rtb->cc_bytes_in_flight = 0;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_rtb_reclaim_on_pto(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb, ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                       ngtcp2_pktns *pktns, size_t num_pkts) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+  ngtcp2_rtb_entry *ent;
+  ngtcp2_ssize reclaimed;
+  size_t atmost = num_pkts;
+
+  it = ngtcp2_ksl_end(&rtb->ents);
+  for (; !ngtcp2_ksl_it_begin(&it) && num_pkts >= 1;) {
+    ngtcp2_ksl_it_prev(&it);
+    ent = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+
+    if ((ent->flags & (NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_LOST_RETRANSMITTED |
+                       NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PTO_RECLAIMED)) ||
+        !(ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_RETRANSMITTABLE)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    assert(ent->frc);
+
+    reclaimed =
+        rtb_reclaim_frame(rtb, NGTCP2_RECLAIM_FLAG_NONE, conn, pktns, ent);
+    if (reclaimed < 0) {
+      return reclaimed;
+    }
+
+    /* Mark reclaimed even if reclaimed == 0 so that we can skip it in
+       the next run. */
+    ent->flags |= NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PTO_RECLAIMED;
+
+    assert(rtb->num_retransmittable);
+    --rtb->num_retransmittable;
+
+    if (ent->flags & NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PTO_ELICITING) {
+      ent->flags &= (uint16_t)~NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PTO_ELICITING;
+      assert(rtb->num_pto_eliciting);
+      --rtb->num_pto_eliciting;
+    }
+
+    if (reclaimed) {
+      --num_pkts;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (ngtcp2_ssize)(atmost - num_pkts);
+}
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_rtb.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_rtb.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5183aed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_rtb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,467 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_RTB_H
+#define NGTCP2_RTB_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_pkt.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_ksl.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_pq.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_objalloc.h"
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_conn ngtcp2_conn;
+typedef struct ngtcp2_pktns ngtcp2_pktns;
+typedef struct ngtcp2_log ngtcp2_log;
+typedef struct ngtcp2_qlog ngtcp2_qlog;
+typedef struct ngtcp2_strm ngtcp2_strm;
+typedef struct ngtcp2_rst ngtcp2_rst;
+typedef struct ngtcp2_cc ngtcp2_cc;
+
+/* NGTCP2_FRAME_CHAIN_BINDER_FLAG_NONE indicates that no flag is
+   set. */
+#define NGTCP2_FRAME_CHAIN_BINDER_FLAG_NONE 0x00u
+/* NGTCP2_FRAME_CHAIN_BINDER_FLAG_ACK indicates that an information
+   which a frame carries has been acknowledged. */
+#define NGTCP2_FRAME_CHAIN_BINDER_FLAG_ACK 0x01u
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_frame_chain_binder binds 2 or more of ngtcp2_frame_chain to
+ * share the acknowledgement state.  In general, all
+ * ngtcp2_frame_chains bound to the same binder must have the same
+ * information.
+ */
+typedef struct ngtcp2_frame_chain_binder {
+  size_t refcount;
+  /* flags is bitwise OR of zero or more of
+     NGTCP2_FRAME_CHAIN_BINDER_FLAG_*. */
+  uint32_t flags;
+} ngtcp2_frame_chain_binder;
+
+int ngtcp2_frame_chain_binder_new(ngtcp2_frame_chain_binder **pbinder,
+                                  const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_frame_chain ngtcp2_frame_chain;
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_frame_chain chains frames in a single packet.
+ */
+struct ngtcp2_frame_chain {
+  union {
+    struct {
+      ngtcp2_frame_chain *next;
+      ngtcp2_frame_chain_binder *binder;
+      ngtcp2_frame fr;
+    };
+
+    ngtcp2_opl_entry oplent;
+  };
+};
+
+ngtcp2_objalloc_def(frame_chain, ngtcp2_frame_chain, oplent);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_bind_frame_chains binds two frame chains |a| and |b| using
+ * new or existing ngtcp2_frame_chain_binder.  |a| might have non-NULL
+ * a->binder.  |b| must not have non-NULL b->binder.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory
+ */
+int ngtcp2_bind_frame_chains(ngtcp2_frame_chain *a, ngtcp2_frame_chain *b,
+                             const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+/* NGTCP2_MAX_STREAM_DATACNT is the maximum number of ngtcp2_vec that
+   a ngtcp2_stream can include. */
+#define NGTCP2_MAX_STREAM_DATACNT 256
+
+/* NGTCP2_MAX_CRYPTO_DATACNT is the maximum number of ngtcp2_vec that
+   a ngtcp2_crypto can include. */
+#define NGTCP2_MAX_CRYPTO_DATACNT 8
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_frame_chain_new allocates ngtcp2_frame_chain object and
+ * assigns its pointer to |*pfrc|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_frame_chain_new(ngtcp2_frame_chain **pfrc, const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_new behaves like
+ * ngtcp2_frame_chain_new, but it uses |objalloc| to allocate the object.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_new(ngtcp2_frame_chain **pfrc,
+                                    ngtcp2_objalloc *objalloc);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_frame_chain_extralen_new works like ngtcp2_frame_chain_new,
+ * but it allocates extra memory |extralen| in order to extend
+ * ngtcp2_frame.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_frame_chain_extralen_new(ngtcp2_frame_chain **pfrc, size_t extralen,
+                                    const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_frame_chain_stream_datacnt_objalloc_new works like
+ * ngtcp2_frame_chain_new, but it allocates enough data to store
+ * additional |datacnt| - 1 ngtcp2_vec object after ngtcp2_stream
+ * object.  If no additional space is required,
+ * ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_new is called internally.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_frame_chain_stream_datacnt_objalloc_new(ngtcp2_frame_chain **pfrc,
+                                                   size_t datacnt,
+                                                   ngtcp2_objalloc *objalloc,
+                                                   const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_frame_chain_crypto_datacnt_objalloc_new works like
+ * ngtcp2_frame_chain_new, but it allocates enough data to store
+ * additional |datacnt| - 1 ngtcp2_vec object after ngtcp2_crypto
+ * object.  If no additional space is required,
+ * ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_new is called internally.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_frame_chain_crypto_datacnt_objalloc_new(ngtcp2_frame_chain **pfrc,
+                                                   size_t datacnt,
+                                                   ngtcp2_objalloc *objalloc,
+                                                   const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+int ngtcp2_frame_chain_new_token_objalloc_new(ngtcp2_frame_chain **pfrc,
+                                              const uint8_t *token,
+                                              size_t tokenlen,
+                                              ngtcp2_objalloc *objalloc,
+                                              const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_frame_chain_del deallocates |frc|.  It also deallocates the
+ * memory pointed by |frc|.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_frame_chain_del(ngtcp2_frame_chain *frc, const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del adds |frc| to |objalloc| for reuse.
+ * It might just delete |frc| depending on the frame type and the size
+ * of |frc|.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(ngtcp2_frame_chain *frc,
+                                     ngtcp2_objalloc *objalloc,
+                                     const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_frame_chain_init initializes |frc|.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_frame_chain_init(ngtcp2_frame_chain *frc);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_frame_chain_list_objalloc_del adds all ngtcp2_frame_chain
+ * linked from |frc| to |objalloc| for reuse.  Depending on the frame type
+ * and its size, ngtcp2_frame_chain might be deleted instead.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_frame_chain_list_objalloc_del(ngtcp2_frame_chain *frc,
+                                          ngtcp2_objalloc *objalloc,
+                                          const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+/* NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE indicates that no flag is set. */
+#define NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE 0x00u
+/* NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PROBE indicates that the entry includes a
+   probe packet. */
+#define NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PROBE 0x01u
+/* NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_RETRANSMITTABLE indicates that the entry
+   includes a frame which must be retransmitted until it is
+   acknowledged.  In most cases, this flag is used along with
+   NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING and
+   NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PTO_ELICITING. */
+#define NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_RETRANSMITTABLE 0x02u
+/* NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING indicates that the entry
+   elicits acknowledgement. */
+#define NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ACK_ELICITING 0x04u
+/* NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PTO_RECLAIMED indicates that the packet has
+   been reclaimed on PTO.  It is not marked lost yet and still
+   consumes congestion window. */
+#define NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PTO_RECLAIMED 0x08u
+/* NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_LOST_RETRANSMITTED indicates that the entry
+   has been marked lost and, optionally, scheduled to retransmit. */
+#define NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_LOST_RETRANSMITTED 0x10u
+/* NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ECN indicates that the entry is included in a
+   UDP datagram with ECN marking. */
+#define NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_ECN 0x20u
+/* NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_DATAGRAM indicates that the entry includes
+   DATAGRAM frame. */
+#define NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_DATAGRAM 0x40u
+/* NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PMTUD_PROBE indicates that the entry includes
+   a PMTUD probe packet. */
+#define NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PMTUD_PROBE 0x80u
+/* NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PTO_ELICITING indicates that the entry
+   includes a packet which elicits PTO probe packets. */
+#define NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PTO_ELICITING 0x100u
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_rtb_entry ngtcp2_rtb_entry;
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_rtb_entry is an object stored in ngtcp2_rtb.  It corresponds
+ * to the one packet which is waiting for its ACK.
+ */
+struct ngtcp2_rtb_entry {
+  union {
+    struct {
+      ngtcp2_rtb_entry *next;
+
+      struct {
+        int64_t pkt_num;
+        uint8_t type;
+        uint8_t flags;
+      } hd;
+      ngtcp2_frame_chain *frc;
+      /* ts is the time point when a packet included in this entry is sent
+         to a peer. */
+      ngtcp2_tstamp ts;
+      /* lost_ts is the time when this entry is marked lost. */
+      ngtcp2_tstamp lost_ts;
+      /* pktlen is the length of QUIC packet */
+      size_t pktlen;
+      struct {
+        uint64_t delivered;
+        ngtcp2_tstamp delivered_ts;
+        ngtcp2_tstamp first_sent_ts;
+        uint64_t tx_in_flight;
+        uint64_t lost;
+        int is_app_limited;
+      } rst;
+      /* flags is bitwise-OR of zero or more of
+         NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_*. */
+      uint16_t flags;
+    };
+
+    ngtcp2_opl_entry oplent;
+  };
+};
+
+ngtcp2_objalloc_def(rtb_entry, ngtcp2_rtb_entry, oplent);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_rtb_entry_new allocates ngtcp2_rtb_entry object, and assigns
+ * its pointer to |*pent|.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_rtb_entry_objalloc_new(ngtcp2_rtb_entry **pent,
+                                  const ngtcp2_pkt_hd *hd,
+                                  ngtcp2_frame_chain *frc, ngtcp2_tstamp ts,
+                                  size_t pktlen, uint16_t flags,
+                                  ngtcp2_objalloc *objalloc);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_rtb_entry_objalloc_del adds |ent| to |objalloc| for reuse.
+ * ngtcp2_frame_chain linked from ent->frc are also added to
+ * |frc_objalloc| depending on their frame type and size.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_rtb_entry_objalloc_del(ngtcp2_rtb_entry *ent,
+                                   ngtcp2_objalloc *objalloc,
+                                   ngtcp2_objalloc *frc_objalloc,
+                                   const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_rtb tracks sent packets, and its ACK timeout for
+ * retransmission.
+ */
+typedef struct ngtcp2_rtb {
+  ngtcp2_objalloc *frc_objalloc;
+  ngtcp2_objalloc *rtb_entry_objalloc;
+  /* ents includes ngtcp2_rtb_entry sorted by decreasing order of
+     packet number. */
+  ngtcp2_ksl ents;
+  /* crypto is CRYPTO stream. */
+  ngtcp2_strm *crypto;
+  ngtcp2_rst *rst;
+  ngtcp2_cc *cc;
+  ngtcp2_log *log;
+  ngtcp2_qlog *qlog;
+  const ngtcp2_mem *mem;
+  /* largest_acked_tx_pkt_num is the largest packet number
+     acknowledged by the peer. */
+  int64_t largest_acked_tx_pkt_num;
+  /* num_ack_eliciting is the number of ACK eliciting entries. */
+  size_t num_ack_eliciting;
+  /* num_retransmittable is the number of packets which contain frames
+     that must be retransmitted on loss. */
+  size_t num_retransmittable;
+  /* num_pto_eliciting is the number of packets that elicit PTO probe
+     packets. */
+  size_t num_pto_eliciting;
+  /* probe_pkt_left is the number of probe packet to send */
+  size_t probe_pkt_left;
+  /* pktns_id is the identifier of packet number space. */
+  ngtcp2_pktns_id pktns_id;
+  /* cc_pkt_num is the smallest packet number that is contributed to
+     ngtcp2_conn_stat.bytes_in_flight. */
+  int64_t cc_pkt_num;
+  /* cc_bytes_in_flight is the number of in-flight bytes that is
+     contributed to ngtcp2_conn_stat.bytes_in_flight.  It only
+     includes the bytes after congestion state is reset. */
+  uint64_t cc_bytes_in_flight;
+  /* persistent_congestion_start_ts is the time when persistent
+     congestion evaluation is started.  It happens roughly after
+     handshake is confirmed. */
+  ngtcp2_tstamp persistent_congestion_start_ts;
+  /* num_lost_pkts is the number entries in ents which has
+     NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_LOST_RETRANSMITTED flag set. */
+  size_t num_lost_pkts;
+  /* num_lost_pmtud_pkts is the number of entries in ents which have
+     both NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_LOST_RETRANSMITTED and
+     NGTCP2_RTB_ENTRY_FLAG_PMTUD_PROBE flags set. */
+  size_t num_lost_pmtud_pkts;
+} ngtcp2_rtb;
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_rtb_init initializes |rtb|.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_rtb_init(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb, ngtcp2_pktns_id pktns_id,
+                     ngtcp2_strm *crypto, ngtcp2_rst *rst, ngtcp2_cc *cc,
+                     ngtcp2_log *log, ngtcp2_qlog *qlog,
+                     ngtcp2_objalloc *rtb_entry_objalloc,
+                     ngtcp2_objalloc *frc_objalloc, const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_rtb_free deallocates resources allocated for |rtb|.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_rtb_free(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_rtb_add adds |ent| to |rtb|.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory
+ */
+int ngtcp2_rtb_add(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb, ngtcp2_rtb_entry *ent,
+                   ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_rtb_head returns the iterator which points to the entry
+ * which has the largest packet number.  If there is no entry,
+ * returned value satisfies ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it) != 0.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ksl_it ngtcp2_rtb_head(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_rtb_recv_ack removes acked ngtcp2_rtb_entry from |rtb|.
+ * |pkt_num| is a packet number which includes |fr|.  |pkt_ts| is the
+ * timestamp when packet is received.  |ts| should be the current
+ * time.  Usually they are the same, but for buffered packets,
+ * |pkt_ts| would be earlier than |ts|.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of newly acknowledged packets if
+ * it succeeds, or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE
+ *     User callback failed
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_rtb_recv_ack(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb, const ngtcp2_ack *fr,
+                                 ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat, ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                 ngtcp2_pktns *pktns, ngtcp2_tstamp pkt_ts,
+                                 ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_rtb_detect_lost_pkt detects lost packets and prepends the
+ * frames contained them to |*pfrc|.  Even when this function fails,
+ * some frames might be prepended to |*pfrc| and the caller should
+ * handle them.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_rtb_detect_lost_pkt(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb, ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                               ngtcp2_pktns *pktns, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat,
+                               ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_rtb_remove_expired_lost_pkt removes expired lost packet.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_rtb_remove_expired_lost_pkt(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb, ngtcp2_duration pto,
+                                        ngtcp2_tstamp ts);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_rtb_lost_pkt_ts returns the earliest time when the still
+ * retained packet was lost.  It returns UINT64_MAX if no such packet
+ * exists.
+ */
+ngtcp2_tstamp ngtcp2_rtb_lost_pkt_ts(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_rtb_remove_all removes all packets from |rtb| and prepends
+ * all frames to |*pfrc|.  Even when this function fails, some frames
+ * might be prepended to |*pfrc| and the caller should handle them.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_rtb_remove_all(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb, ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                          ngtcp2_pktns *pktns, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_rtb_remove_early_data removes all entries for 0RTT packets.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_rtb_remove_early_data(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb, ngtcp2_conn_stat *cstat);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_rtb_empty returns nonzero if |rtb| have no entry.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_rtb_empty(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_rtb_reset_cc_state resets congestion state in |rtb|.
+ * |cc_pkt_num| is the next outbound packet number which is sent under
+ * new congestion state.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_rtb_reset_cc_state(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb, int64_t cc_pkt_num);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_rtb_remove_expired_lost_pkt ensures that the number of lost
+ * packets at most |n|.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_rtb_remove_excessive_lost_pkt(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb, size_t n);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_rtb_reclaim_on_pto reclaims up to |num_pkts| packets which
+ * are in-flight and not marked lost to send them in PTO probe.  The
+ * reclaimed frames are chained to |*pfrc|.
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of packets reclaimed if it
+ * succeeds, or one of the following negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_rtb_reclaim_on_pto(ngtcp2_rtb *rtb, ngtcp2_conn *conn,
+                                       ngtcp2_pktns *pktns, size_t num_pkts);
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_RTB_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_str.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_str.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a61636d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_str.c
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_str.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_macro.h"
+
+void *ngtcp2_cpymem(void *dest, const void *src, size_t n) {
+  memcpy(dest, src, n);
+  return (uint8_t *)dest + n;
+}
+
+uint8_t *ngtcp2_setmem(uint8_t *dest, uint8_t b, size_t n) {
+  memset(dest, b, n);
+  return dest + n;
+}
+
+const void *ngtcp2_get_bytes(void *dest, const void *src, size_t n) {
+  memcpy(dest, src, n);
+  return (uint8_t *)src + n;
+}
+
+#define LOWER_XDIGITS "0123456789abcdef"
+
+uint8_t *ngtcp2_encode_hex(uint8_t *dest, const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+  size_t i;
+  uint8_t *p = dest;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+    *p++ = (uint8_t)LOWER_XDIGITS[data[i] >> 4];
+    *p++ = (uint8_t)LOWER_XDIGITS[data[i] & 0xf];
+  }
+
+  *p = '\0';
+
+  return dest;
+}
+
+char *ngtcp2_encode_printable_ascii(char *dest, const uint8_t *data,
+                                    size_t len) {
+  size_t i;
+  char *p = dest;
+  uint8_t c;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+    c = data[i];
+    if (0x20 <= c && c <= 0x7e) {
+      *p++ = (char)c;
+    } else {
+      *p++ = '.';
+    }
+  }
+
+  *p = '\0';
+
+  return dest;
+}
+
+/*
+ * write_uint writes |n| to the buffer pointed by |p| in decimal
+ * representation.  It returns |p| plus the number of bytes written.
+ * The function assumes that the buffer has enough capacity to contain
+ * a string.
+ */
+static uint8_t *write_uint(uint8_t *p, uint64_t n) {
+  size_t nlen = 0;
+  uint64_t t;
+  uint8_t *res;
+
+  if (n == 0) {
+    *p++ = '0';
+    return p;
+  }
+  for (t = n; t; t /= 10, ++nlen)
+    ;
+  p += nlen;
+  res = p;
+  for (; n; n /= 10) {
+    *--p = (uint8_t)((n % 10) + '0');
+  }
+  return res;
+}
+
+uint8_t *ngtcp2_encode_ipv4(uint8_t *dest, const uint8_t *addr) {
+  size_t i;
+  uint8_t *p = dest;
+
+  p = write_uint(p, addr[0]);
+
+  for (i = 1; i < 4; ++i) {
+    *p++ = '.';
+    p = write_uint(p, addr[i]);
+  }
+
+  *p = '\0';
+
+  return dest;
+}
+
+/*
+ * write_hex_zsup writes the content of buffer pointed by |data| of
+ * length |len| to |dest| in hex string.  Any leading zeros are
+ * suppressed.  It returns |dest| plus the number of bytes written.
+ */
+static uint8_t *write_hex_zsup(uint8_t *dest, const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+  size_t i;
+  uint8_t *p = dest;
+  uint8_t d;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+    d = data[i];
+    if (d >> 4) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    d &= 0xf;
+
+    if (d) {
+      *p++ = (uint8_t)LOWER_XDIGITS[d];
+      ++i;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (p == dest && i == len) {
+    *p++ = '0';
+    return p;
+  }
+
+  for (; i < len; ++i) {
+    d = data[i];
+    *p++ = (uint8_t)LOWER_XDIGITS[d >> 4];
+    *p++ = (uint8_t)LOWER_XDIGITS[d & 0xf];
+  }
+
+  return p;
+}
+
+uint8_t *ngtcp2_encode_ipv6(uint8_t *dest, const uint8_t *addr) {
+  uint16_t blks[8];
+  size_t i;
+  size_t zlen, zoff;
+  size_t max_zlen = 0, max_zoff = 8;
+  uint8_t *p = dest;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < 16; i += sizeof(uint16_t)) {
+    /* Copy in network byte order. */
+    memcpy(&blks[i / sizeof(uint16_t)], addr + i, sizeof(uint16_t));
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < 8;) {
+    if (blks[i]) {
+      ++i;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    zlen = 1;
+    zoff = i;
+
+    ++i;
+    for (; i < 8 && blks[i] == 0; ++i, ++zlen)
+      ;
+    if (zlen > max_zlen) {
+      max_zlen = zlen;
+      max_zoff = zoff;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Do not suppress a single '0' block */
+  if (max_zlen == 1) {
+    max_zoff = 8;
+  }
+
+  if (max_zoff != 0) {
+    p = write_hex_zsup(p, (const uint8_t *)blks, sizeof(uint16_t));
+
+    for (i = 1; i < max_zoff; ++i) {
+      *p++ = ':';
+      p = write_hex_zsup(p, (const uint8_t *)(blks + i), sizeof(uint16_t));
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (max_zoff != 8) {
+    *p++ = ':';
+
+    if (max_zoff + max_zlen == 8) {
+      *p++ = ':';
+    } else {
+      for (i = max_zoff + max_zlen; i < 8; ++i) {
+        *p++ = ':';
+        p = write_hex_zsup(p, (const uint8_t *)(blks + i), sizeof(uint16_t));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  *p = '\0';
+
+  return dest;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_cmemeq(const uint8_t *a, const uint8_t *b, size_t n) {
+  size_t i;
+  int rv = 0;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+    rv |= a[i] ^ b[i];
+  }
+
+  return rv == 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_str.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_str.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..deb75e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_str.h
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_STR_H
+#define NGTCP2_STR_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+void *ngtcp2_cpymem(void *dest, const void *src, size_t n);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_setmem writes a string of length |n| consisting only |b| to
+ * the buffer pointed by |dest|.  It returns dest + n;
+ */
+uint8_t *ngtcp2_setmem(uint8_t *dest, uint8_t b, size_t n);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_get_bytes copies |n| bytes from |src| to |dest|, and returns
+ * |src| + |n|.
+ */
+const void *ngtcp2_get_bytes(void *dest, const void *src, size_t n);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_encode_hex encodes |data| of length |len| in hex string.  It
+ * writes additional NULL bytes at the end of the buffer.  The buffer
+ * pointed by |dest| must have at least |len| * 2 + 1 bytes space.
+ * This function returns |dest|.
+ */
+uint8_t *ngtcp2_encode_hex(uint8_t *dest, const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_encode_ipv4 encodes binary form IPv4 address stored in
+ * |addr| to human readable text form in the buffer pointed by |dest|.
+ * The capacity of buffer must have enough length to store a text form
+ * plus a terminating NULL byte.  The resulting text form ends with
+ * NULL byte.  The function returns |dest|.
+ */
+uint8_t *ngtcp2_encode_ipv4(uint8_t *dest, const uint8_t *addr);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_encode_ipv6 encodes binary form IPv6 address stored in
+ * |addr| to human readable text form in the buffer pointed by |dest|.
+ * The capacity of buffer must have enough length to store a text form
+ * plus a terminating NULL byte.  The resulting text form ends with
+ * NULL byte.  The function produces the canonical form of IPv6 text
+ * representation described in
+ * https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5952#section-4.  The function
+ * returns |dest|.
+ */
+uint8_t *ngtcp2_encode_ipv6(uint8_t *dest, const uint8_t *addr);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_encode_printable_ascii encodes |data| of length |len| in
+ * |dest| in the following manner: printable ascii characters are
+ * copied as is.  The other characters are converted to ".".  It
+ * writes additional NULL bytes at the end of the buffer.  |dest| must
+ * have at least |len| + 1 bytes.  This function returns |dest|.
+ */
+char *ngtcp2_encode_printable_ascii(char *dest, const uint8_t *data,
+                                    size_t len);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_cmemeq returns nonzero if the first |n| bytes of the buffers
+ * pointed by |a| and |b| are equal.  The comparison is done in a
+ * constant time manner.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_cmemeq(const uint8_t *a, const uint8_t *b, size_t n);
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_STR_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_strm.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_strm.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f20e86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_strm.c
@@ -0,0 +1,698 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_strm.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_rtb.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_pkt.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_vec.h"
+
+static int offset_less(const ngtcp2_ksl_key *lhs, const ngtcp2_ksl_key *rhs) {
+  return *(int64_t *)lhs < *(int64_t *)rhs;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_strm_init(ngtcp2_strm *strm, int64_t stream_id, uint32_t flags,
+                      uint64_t max_rx_offset, uint64_t max_tx_offset,
+                      void *stream_user_data, ngtcp2_objalloc *frc_objalloc,
+                      const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  strm->frc_objalloc = frc_objalloc;
+  strm->cycle = 0;
+  strm->tx.acked_offset = NULL;
+  strm->tx.cont_acked_offset = 0;
+  strm->tx.streamfrq = NULL;
+  strm->tx.offset = 0;
+  strm->tx.max_offset = max_tx_offset;
+  strm->tx.last_max_stream_data_ts = UINT64_MAX;
+  strm->tx.loss_count = 0;
+  strm->tx.last_lost_pkt_num = -1;
+  strm->rx.rob = NULL;
+  strm->rx.cont_offset = 0;
+  strm->rx.last_offset = 0;
+  strm->stream_id = stream_id;
+  strm->flags = flags;
+  strm->stream_user_data = stream_user_data;
+  strm->rx.window = strm->rx.max_offset = strm->rx.unsent_max_offset =
+      max_rx_offset;
+  strm->pe.index = NGTCP2_PQ_BAD_INDEX;
+  strm->mem = mem;
+  strm->app_error_code = 0;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_strm_free(ngtcp2_strm *strm) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+
+  if (strm == NULL) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (strm->tx.streamfrq) {
+    for (it = ngtcp2_ksl_begin(strm->tx.streamfrq); !ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it);
+         ngtcp2_ksl_it_next(&it)) {
+      ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it),
+                                      strm->frc_objalloc, strm->mem);
+    }
+
+    ngtcp2_ksl_free(strm->tx.streamfrq);
+    ngtcp2_mem_free(strm->mem, strm->tx.streamfrq);
+  }
+
+  if (strm->rx.rob) {
+    ngtcp2_rob_free(strm->rx.rob);
+    ngtcp2_mem_free(strm->mem, strm->rx.rob);
+  }
+
+  if (strm->tx.acked_offset) {
+    ngtcp2_gaptr_free(strm->tx.acked_offset);
+    ngtcp2_mem_free(strm->mem, strm->tx.acked_offset);
+  }
+}
+
+static int strm_rob_init(ngtcp2_strm *strm) {
+  int rv;
+  ngtcp2_rob *rob = ngtcp2_mem_malloc(strm->mem, sizeof(*rob));
+
+  if (rob == NULL) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_rob_init(rob, 8 * 1024, strm->mem);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    ngtcp2_mem_free(strm->mem, rob);
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  strm->rx.rob = rob;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+uint64_t ngtcp2_strm_rx_offset(ngtcp2_strm *strm) {
+  if (strm->rx.rob == NULL) {
+    return strm->rx.cont_offset;
+  }
+  return ngtcp2_rob_first_gap_offset(strm->rx.rob);
+}
+
+/* strm_rob_heavily_fragmented returns nonzero if the number of gaps
+   in |rob| exceeds the limit. */
+static int strm_rob_heavily_fragmented(ngtcp2_rob *rob) {
+  return ngtcp2_ksl_len(&rob->gapksl) >= 1000;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_strm_recv_reordering(ngtcp2_strm *strm, const uint8_t *data,
+                                size_t datalen, uint64_t offset) {
+  int rv;
+
+  if (strm->rx.rob == NULL) {
+    rv = strm_rob_init(strm);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    if (strm->rx.cont_offset) {
+      rv = ngtcp2_rob_remove_prefix(strm->rx.rob, strm->rx.cont_offset);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        return rv;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (strm_rob_heavily_fragmented(strm->rx.rob)) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_INTERNAL;
+  }
+
+  return ngtcp2_rob_push(strm->rx.rob, offset, data, datalen);
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_strm_update_rx_offset(ngtcp2_strm *strm, uint64_t offset) {
+  if (strm->rx.rob == NULL) {
+    strm->rx.cont_offset = offset;
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  return ngtcp2_rob_remove_prefix(strm->rx.rob, offset);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_strm_shutdown(ngtcp2_strm *strm, uint32_t flags) {
+  strm->flags |= flags & NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SHUT_RDWR;
+}
+
+static int strm_streamfrq_init(ngtcp2_strm *strm) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl *streamfrq = ngtcp2_mem_malloc(strm->mem, sizeof(*streamfrq));
+  if (streamfrq == NULL) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_ksl_init(streamfrq, offset_less, sizeof(uint64_t), strm->mem);
+
+  strm->tx.streamfrq = streamfrq;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_push(ngtcp2_strm *strm, ngtcp2_frame_chain *frc) {
+  int rv;
+
+  assert(frc->fr.type == NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAM);
+  assert(frc->next == NULL);
+
+  if (strm->tx.streamfrq == NULL) {
+    rv = strm_streamfrq_init(strm);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return ngtcp2_ksl_insert(strm->tx.streamfrq, NULL, &frc->fr.stream.offset,
+                           frc);
+}
+
+static int strm_streamfrq_unacked_pop(ngtcp2_strm *strm,
+                                      ngtcp2_frame_chain **pfrc) {
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain *frc, *nfrc;
+  ngtcp2_stream *fr, *nfr;
+  uint64_t offset, end_offset;
+  size_t idx, end_idx;
+  uint64_t base_offset, end_base_offset;
+  ngtcp2_range gap;
+  ngtcp2_vec *v;
+  int rv;
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+
+  *pfrc = NULL;
+
+  assert(strm->tx.streamfrq);
+  assert(ngtcp2_ksl_len(strm->tx.streamfrq));
+
+  for (it = ngtcp2_ksl_begin(strm->tx.streamfrq); !ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it);) {
+    frc = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+    fr = &frc->fr.stream;
+
+    ngtcp2_ksl_remove_hint(strm->tx.streamfrq, &it, &it, &fr->offset);
+
+    idx = 0;
+    offset = fr->offset;
+    base_offset = 0;
+
+    gap = ngtcp2_strm_get_unacked_range_after(strm, offset);
+    if (gap.begin < offset) {
+      gap.begin = offset;
+    }
+
+    for (; idx < fr->datacnt && offset < gap.begin; ++idx) {
+      v = &fr->data[idx];
+      if (offset + v->len > gap.begin) {
+        base_offset = gap.begin - offset;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      offset += v->len;
+    }
+
+    if (idx == fr->datacnt) {
+      if (fr->fin) {
+        if (strm->flags & NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_FIN_ACKED) {
+          ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, strm->frc_objalloc, strm->mem);
+          assert(ngtcp2_ksl_len(strm->tx.streamfrq) == 0);
+          return 0;
+        }
+
+        fr->offset += ngtcp2_vec_len(fr->data, fr->datacnt);
+        fr->datacnt = 0;
+
+        *pfrc = frc;
+
+        return 0;
+      }
+
+      if (fr->offset == 0 && fr->datacnt == 0 && strm->tx.offset == 0 &&
+          !(strm->flags & NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_ANY_ACKED)) {
+        *pfrc = frc;
+
+        return 0;
+      }
+
+      ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, strm->frc_objalloc, strm->mem);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    assert(gap.begin == offset + base_offset);
+
+    end_idx = idx;
+    end_offset = offset;
+    end_base_offset = 0;
+
+    for (; end_idx < fr->datacnt; ++end_idx) {
+      v = &fr->data[end_idx];
+      if (end_offset + v->len > gap.end) {
+        end_base_offset = gap.end - end_offset;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      end_offset += v->len;
+    }
+
+    if (fr->offset == offset && base_offset == 0 && fr->datacnt == end_idx) {
+      *pfrc = frc;
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (fr->datacnt == end_idx) {
+      memmove(fr->data, fr->data + idx, sizeof(fr->data[0]) * (end_idx - idx));
+
+      assert(fr->data[0].len > base_offset);
+
+      fr->offset = offset + base_offset;
+      fr->datacnt = end_idx - idx;
+      fr->data[0].base += base_offset;
+      fr->data[0].len -= (size_t)base_offset;
+
+      *pfrc = frc;
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    rv = ngtcp2_frame_chain_stream_datacnt_objalloc_new(
+        &nfrc, fr->datacnt - end_idx, strm->frc_objalloc, strm->mem);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, strm->frc_objalloc, strm->mem);
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    nfr = &nfrc->fr.stream;
+    memcpy(nfr->data, fr->data + end_idx,
+           sizeof(nfr->data[0]) * (fr->datacnt - end_idx));
+
+    assert(nfr->data[0].len > end_base_offset);
+
+    nfr->type = NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAM;
+    nfr->flags = 0;
+    nfr->fin = fr->fin;
+    nfr->stream_id = fr->stream_id;
+    nfr->offset = end_offset + end_base_offset;
+    nfr->datacnt = fr->datacnt - end_idx;
+    nfr->data[0].base += end_base_offset;
+    nfr->data[0].len -= (size_t)end_base_offset;
+
+    rv = ngtcp2_ksl_insert(strm->tx.streamfrq, NULL, &nfr->offset, nfrc);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv));
+      ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(nfrc, strm->frc_objalloc, strm->mem);
+      ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, strm->frc_objalloc, strm->mem);
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    if (end_base_offset) {
+      ++end_idx;
+    }
+
+    memmove(fr->data, fr->data + idx, sizeof(fr->data[0]) * (end_idx - idx));
+
+    assert(fr->data[0].len > base_offset);
+
+    fr->fin = 0;
+    fr->offset = offset + base_offset;
+    fr->datacnt = end_idx - idx;
+    if (end_base_offset) {
+      assert(fr->data[fr->datacnt - 1].len > end_base_offset);
+      fr->data[fr->datacnt - 1].len = (size_t)end_base_offset;
+    }
+    fr->data[0].base += base_offset;
+    fr->data[0].len -= (size_t)base_offset;
+
+    *pfrc = frc;
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_pop(ngtcp2_strm *strm, ngtcp2_frame_chain **pfrc,
+                              size_t left) {
+  ngtcp2_stream *fr, *nfr;
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain *frc, *nfrc;
+  int rv;
+  size_t nmerged;
+  uint64_t datalen;
+  ngtcp2_vec a[NGTCP2_MAX_STREAM_DATACNT];
+  ngtcp2_vec b[NGTCP2_MAX_STREAM_DATACNT];
+  size_t acnt, bcnt;
+  uint64_t unacked_offset;
+
+  if (strm->tx.streamfrq == NULL || ngtcp2_ksl_len(strm->tx.streamfrq) == 0) {
+    *pfrc = NULL;
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  rv = strm_streamfrq_unacked_pop(strm, &frc);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    return rv;
+  }
+  if (frc == NULL) {
+    *pfrc = NULL;
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  fr = &frc->fr.stream;
+  datalen = ngtcp2_vec_len(fr->data, fr->datacnt);
+
+  if (left == 0) {
+    /* datalen could be zero if 0 length STREAM has been sent */
+    if (datalen || ngtcp2_ksl_len(strm->tx.streamfrq) > 1) {
+      rv = ngtcp2_ksl_insert(strm->tx.streamfrq, NULL, &fr->offset, frc);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv));
+        ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, strm->frc_objalloc, strm->mem);
+        return rv;
+      }
+      *pfrc = NULL;
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (datalen > left) {
+    ngtcp2_vec_copy(a, fr->data, fr->datacnt);
+    acnt = fr->datacnt;
+
+    bcnt = 0;
+    ngtcp2_vec_split(a, &acnt, b, &bcnt, left, NGTCP2_MAX_STREAM_DATACNT);
+
+    assert(acnt > 0);
+    assert(bcnt > 0);
+
+    rv = ngtcp2_frame_chain_stream_datacnt_objalloc_new(
+        &nfrc, bcnt, strm->frc_objalloc, strm->mem);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv));
+      ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, strm->frc_objalloc, strm->mem);
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    nfr = &nfrc->fr.stream;
+    nfr->type = NGTCP2_FRAME_STREAM;
+    nfr->flags = 0;
+    nfr->fin = fr->fin;
+    nfr->stream_id = fr->stream_id;
+    nfr->offset = fr->offset + left;
+    nfr->datacnt = bcnt;
+    ngtcp2_vec_copy(nfr->data, b, bcnt);
+
+    rv = ngtcp2_ksl_insert(strm->tx.streamfrq, NULL, &nfr->offset, nfrc);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv));
+      ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(nfrc, strm->frc_objalloc, strm->mem);
+      ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, strm->frc_objalloc, strm->mem);
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    rv = ngtcp2_frame_chain_stream_datacnt_objalloc_new(
+        &nfrc, acnt, strm->frc_objalloc, strm->mem);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv));
+      ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, strm->frc_objalloc, strm->mem);
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    nfr = &nfrc->fr.stream;
+    *nfr = *fr;
+    nfr->fin = 0;
+    nfr->datacnt = acnt;
+    ngtcp2_vec_copy(nfr->data, a, acnt);
+
+    ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, strm->frc_objalloc, strm->mem);
+
+    *pfrc = nfrc;
+
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  left -= (size_t)datalen;
+
+  ngtcp2_vec_copy(a, fr->data, fr->datacnt);
+  acnt = fr->datacnt;
+
+  for (; left && ngtcp2_ksl_len(strm->tx.streamfrq);) {
+    unacked_offset = ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_unacked_offset(strm);
+    if (unacked_offset != fr->offset + datalen) {
+      assert(fr->offset + datalen < unacked_offset);
+      break;
+    }
+
+    rv = strm_streamfrq_unacked_pop(strm, &nfrc);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv));
+      ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, strm->frc_objalloc, strm->mem);
+      return rv;
+    }
+    if (nfrc == NULL) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    nfr = &nfrc->fr.stream;
+
+    if (nfr->fin && nfr->datacnt == 0) {
+      fr->fin = 1;
+      ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(nfrc, strm->frc_objalloc, strm->mem);
+      break;
+    }
+
+    nmerged = ngtcp2_vec_merge(a, &acnt, nfr->data, &nfr->datacnt, left,
+                               NGTCP2_MAX_STREAM_DATACNT);
+    if (nmerged == 0) {
+      rv = ngtcp2_ksl_insert(strm->tx.streamfrq, NULL, &nfr->offset, nfrc);
+      if (rv != 0) {
+        assert(ngtcp2_err_is_fatal(rv));
+        ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(nfrc, strm->frc_objalloc, strm->mem);
+        ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, strm->frc_objalloc, strm->mem);
+        return rv;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    datalen += nmerged;
+    left -= nmerged;
+
+    if (nfr->datacnt == 0) {
+      fr->fin = nfr->fin;
+      ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(nfrc, strm->frc_objalloc, strm->mem);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    nfr->offset += nmerged;
+
+    rv = ngtcp2_ksl_insert(strm->tx.streamfrq, NULL, &nfr->offset, nfrc);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(nfrc, strm->frc_objalloc, strm->mem);
+      ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, strm->frc_objalloc, strm->mem);
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    break;
+  }
+
+  if (acnt == fr->datacnt) {
+    if (acnt > 0) {
+      fr->data[acnt - 1] = a[acnt - 1];
+    }
+
+    *pfrc = frc;
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  assert(acnt > fr->datacnt);
+
+  rv = ngtcp2_frame_chain_stream_datacnt_objalloc_new(
+      &nfrc, acnt, strm->frc_objalloc, strm->mem);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, strm->frc_objalloc, strm->mem);
+    return rv;
+  }
+
+  nfr = &nfrc->fr.stream;
+  *nfr = *fr;
+  nfr->datacnt = acnt;
+  ngtcp2_vec_copy(nfr->data, a, acnt);
+
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, strm->frc_objalloc, strm->mem);
+
+  *pfrc = nfrc;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+uint64_t ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_unacked_offset(ngtcp2_strm *strm) {
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain *frc;
+  ngtcp2_stream *fr;
+  ngtcp2_range gap;
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+  uint64_t datalen;
+
+  assert(strm->tx.streamfrq);
+  assert(ngtcp2_ksl_len(strm->tx.streamfrq));
+
+  for (it = ngtcp2_ksl_begin(strm->tx.streamfrq); !ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it);
+       ngtcp2_ksl_it_next(&it)) {
+    frc = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+    fr = &frc->fr.stream;
+
+    gap = ngtcp2_strm_get_unacked_range_after(strm, fr->offset);
+
+    datalen = ngtcp2_vec_len(fr->data, fr->datacnt);
+
+    if (gap.begin <= fr->offset) {
+      return fr->offset;
+    }
+    if (gap.begin < fr->offset + datalen) {
+      return gap.begin;
+    }
+    if (fr->offset + datalen == gap.begin && fr->fin &&
+        !(strm->flags & NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_FIN_ACKED)) {
+      return fr->offset + datalen;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (uint64_t)-1;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_frame_chain *ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_top(ngtcp2_strm *strm) {
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+
+  assert(strm->tx.streamfrq);
+  assert(ngtcp2_ksl_len(strm->tx.streamfrq));
+
+  it = ngtcp2_ksl_begin(strm->tx.streamfrq);
+  return ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_empty(ngtcp2_strm *strm) {
+  return strm->tx.streamfrq == NULL || ngtcp2_ksl_len(strm->tx.streamfrq) == 0;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_clear(ngtcp2_strm *strm) {
+  ngtcp2_frame_chain *frc;
+  ngtcp2_ksl_it it;
+
+  if (strm->tx.streamfrq == NULL) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  for (it = ngtcp2_ksl_begin(strm->tx.streamfrq); !ngtcp2_ksl_it_end(&it);
+       ngtcp2_ksl_it_next(&it)) {
+    frc = ngtcp2_ksl_it_get(&it);
+    ngtcp2_frame_chain_objalloc_del(frc, strm->frc_objalloc, strm->mem);
+  }
+  ngtcp2_ksl_clear(strm->tx.streamfrq);
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_strm_is_tx_queued(ngtcp2_strm *strm) {
+  return strm->pe.index != NGTCP2_PQ_BAD_INDEX;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_strm_is_all_tx_data_acked(ngtcp2_strm *strm) {
+  if (strm->tx.acked_offset == NULL) {
+    return strm->tx.cont_acked_offset == strm->tx.offset;
+  }
+
+  return ngtcp2_gaptr_first_gap_offset(strm->tx.acked_offset) ==
+         strm->tx.offset;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_strm_is_all_tx_data_fin_acked(ngtcp2_strm *strm) {
+  return (strm->flags & NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_FIN_ACKED) &&
+         ngtcp2_strm_is_all_tx_data_acked(strm);
+}
+
+ngtcp2_range ngtcp2_strm_get_unacked_range_after(ngtcp2_strm *strm,
+                                                 uint64_t offset) {
+  ngtcp2_range gap;
+
+  if (strm->tx.acked_offset == NULL) {
+    gap.begin = strm->tx.cont_acked_offset;
+    gap.end = UINT64_MAX;
+    return gap;
+  }
+
+  return ngtcp2_gaptr_get_first_gap_after(strm->tx.acked_offset, offset);
+}
+
+uint64_t ngtcp2_strm_get_acked_offset(ngtcp2_strm *strm) {
+  if (strm->tx.acked_offset == NULL) {
+    return strm->tx.cont_acked_offset;
+  }
+
+  return ngtcp2_gaptr_first_gap_offset(strm->tx.acked_offset);
+}
+
+static int strm_acked_offset_init(ngtcp2_strm *strm) {
+  ngtcp2_gaptr *acked_offset =
+      ngtcp2_mem_malloc(strm->mem, sizeof(*acked_offset));
+
+  if (acked_offset == NULL) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  ngtcp2_gaptr_init(acked_offset, strm->mem);
+
+  strm->tx.acked_offset = acked_offset;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_strm_ack_data(ngtcp2_strm *strm, uint64_t offset, uint64_t len) {
+  int rv;
+
+  if (strm->tx.acked_offset == NULL) {
+    if (strm->tx.cont_acked_offset == offset) {
+      strm->tx.cont_acked_offset += len;
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    rv = strm_acked_offset_init(strm);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+
+    rv =
+        ngtcp2_gaptr_push(strm->tx.acked_offset, 0, strm->tx.cont_acked_offset);
+    if (rv != 0) {
+      return rv;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return ngtcp2_gaptr_push(strm->tx.acked_offset, offset, len);
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_strm_set_app_error_code(ngtcp2_strm *strm,
+                                    uint64_t app_error_code) {
+  if (strm->flags & NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_APP_ERROR_CODE_SET) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  assert(0 == strm->app_error_code);
+
+  strm->flags |= NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_APP_ERROR_CODE_SET;
+  strm->app_error_code = app_error_code;
+}
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_strm.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_strm.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e3cfe8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_strm.h
@@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_STRM_H
+#define NGTCP2_STRM_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_rob.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_map.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_gaptr.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_ksl.h"
+#include "ngtcp2_pq.h"
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_frame_chain ngtcp2_frame_chain;
+
+/* NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_NONE indicates that no flag is set. */
+#define NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_NONE 0x00u
+/* NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SHUT_RD indicates that further reception of stream
+   data is not allowed. */
+#define NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SHUT_RD 0x01u
+/* NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SHUT_WR indicates that further transmission of
+   stream data is not allowed. */
+#define NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SHUT_WR 0x02u
+#define NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SHUT_RDWR                                             \
+  (NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SHUT_RD | NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SHUT_WR)
+/* NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SENT_RST indicates that RST_STREAM is sent from
+   the local endpoint.  In this case, NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SHUT_WR is also
+   set. */
+#define NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SENT_RST 0x04u
+/* NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SENT_RST indicates that RST_STREAM is received
+   from the remote endpoint.  In this case, NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SHUT_RD
+   is also set. */
+#define NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_RECV_RST 0x08u
+/* NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_STOP_SENDING indicates that STOP_SENDING is sent
+   from the local endpoint. */
+#define NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_STOP_SENDING 0x10u
+/* NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_RST_ACKED indicates that the outgoing RST_STREAM
+   is acknowledged by peer. */
+#define NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_RST_ACKED 0x20u
+/* NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_FIN_ACKED indicates that a STREAM with FIN bit set
+   is acknowledged by a remote endpoint. */
+#define NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_FIN_ACKED 0x40u
+/* NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_ANY_ACKED indicates that any portion of stream
+   data, including 0 length segment, is acknowledged. */
+#define NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_ANY_ACKED 0x80u
+/* NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_APP_ERROR_CODE_SET indicates that app_error_code
+   field is set.  This resolves the ambiguity that the initial
+   app_error_code value 0 might be a proper application error code.
+   In this case, without this flag, we are unable to distinguish
+   assigned value from unassigned one.  */
+#define NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_APP_ERROR_CODE_SET 0x100u
+/* NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_STREAM_STOP_SENDING_CALLED is set when
+   stream_stop_sending callback is called. */
+#define NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_STREAM_STOP_SENDING_CALLED 0x200u
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_strm ngtcp2_strm;
+
+struct ngtcp2_strm {
+  union {
+    struct {
+      ngtcp2_pq_entry pe;
+      uint64_t cycle;
+      ngtcp2_objalloc *frc_objalloc;
+
+      struct {
+        /* acked_offset tracks acknowledged outgoing data. */
+        ngtcp2_gaptr *acked_offset;
+        /* cont_acked_offset is the offset that all data up to this offset
+           is acknowledged by a remote endpoint.  It is used until the
+           remote endpoint acknowledges data in out-of-order.  After that,
+           acked_offset is used instead. */
+        uint64_t cont_acked_offset;
+        /* streamfrq contains STREAM frame for retransmission.  The flow
+           control credits have been paid when they are transmitted first
+           time.  There are no restriction regarding flow control for
+           retransmission. */
+        ngtcp2_ksl *streamfrq;
+        /* offset is the next offset of outgoing data.  In other words, it
+           is the number of bytes sent in this stream without
+           duplication. */
+        uint64_t offset;
+        /* max_tx_offset is the maximum offset that local endpoint can
+           send for this stream. */
+        uint64_t max_offset;
+        /* last_max_stream_data_ts is the timestamp when last
+           MAX_STREAM_DATA frame is sent. */
+        ngtcp2_tstamp last_max_stream_data_ts;
+        /* loss_count is the number of packets that contain STREAM
+           frame for this stream and are declared to be lost.  It may
+           include the spurious losses.  It does not include a packet
+           whose contents have been reclaimed for PTO and which is
+           later declared to be lost.  Those data are not blocked by
+           the flow control and will be sent immediately if no other
+           restrictions are applied. */
+        size_t loss_count;
+        /* last_lost_pkt_num is the packet number of the packet that
+           is counted to loss_count.  It is used to avoid to count
+           multiple STREAM frames in one lost packet. */
+        int64_t last_lost_pkt_num;
+      } tx;
+
+      struct {
+        /* rob is the reorder buffer for incoming stream data.  The data
+           received in out of order is buffered and sorted by its offset
+           in this object. */
+        ngtcp2_rob *rob;
+        /* cont_offset is the largest offset of consecutive data.  It is
+           used until the endpoint receives out-of-order data.  After
+           that, rob is used to track the offset and data. */
+        uint64_t cont_offset;
+        /* last_offset is the largest offset of stream data received for
+           this stream. */
+        uint64_t last_offset;
+        /* max_offset is the maximum offset that remote endpoint can send
+           to this stream. */
+        uint64_t max_offset;
+        /* unsent_max_offset is the maximum offset that remote endpoint
+           can send to this stream, and it is not notified to the remote
+           endpoint.  unsent_max_offset >= max_offset must be hold. */
+        uint64_t unsent_max_offset;
+        /* window is the stream-level flow control window size. */
+        uint64_t window;
+      } rx;
+
+      const ngtcp2_mem *mem;
+      int64_t stream_id;
+      void *stream_user_data;
+      /* flags is bit-wise OR of zero or more of NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_*. */
+      uint32_t flags;
+      /* app_error_code is an error code the local endpoint sent in
+         RESET_STREAM or STOP_SENDING, or received from a remote endpoint
+         in RESET_STREAM or STOP_SENDING.  First application error code is
+         chosen and when set, NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_APP_ERROR_CODE_SET flag is
+         set in flags field. */
+      uint64_t app_error_code;
+    };
+
+    ngtcp2_opl_entry oplent;
+  };
+};
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_strm_init initializes |strm|.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_strm_init(ngtcp2_strm *strm, int64_t stream_id, uint32_t flags,
+                      uint64_t max_rx_offset, uint64_t max_tx_offset,
+                      void *stream_user_data, ngtcp2_objalloc *frc_objalloc,
+                      const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_strm_free deallocates memory allocated for |strm|.  This
+ * function does not free the memory pointed by |strm| itself.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_strm_free(ngtcp2_strm *strm);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_strm_rx_offset returns the minimum offset of stream data
+ * which is not received yet.
+ */
+uint64_t ngtcp2_strm_rx_offset(ngtcp2_strm *strm);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_strm_recv_reordering handles reordered data.
+ *
+ * It returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following negative error
+ * codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory
+ */
+int ngtcp2_strm_recv_reordering(ngtcp2_strm *strm, const uint8_t *data,
+                                size_t datalen, uint64_t offset);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_strm_update_rx_offset tells that data up to offset bytes are
+ * received in order.
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory
+ */
+int ngtcp2_strm_update_rx_offset(ngtcp2_strm *strm, uint64_t offset);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_strm_shutdown shutdowns |strm|.  |flags| should be
+ * NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SHUT_RD, and/or NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_SHUT_WR.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_strm_shutdown(ngtcp2_strm *strm, uint32_t flags);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_push pushes |frc| to streamfrq for
+ * retransmission.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory
+ */
+int ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_push(ngtcp2_strm *strm, ngtcp2_frame_chain *frc);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_pop pops the first ngtcp2_frame_chain and
+ * assigns it to |*pfrc|.  This function splits into or merges several
+ * ngtcp2_frame_chain objects so that the returned ngtcp2_frame_chain
+ * has at most |left| data length.  If there is no frames to send,
+ * this function returns 0 and |*pfrc| is NULL.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following
+ * negative error codes:
+ *
+ * NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM
+ *     Out of memory
+ */
+int ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_pop(ngtcp2_strm *strm, ngtcp2_frame_chain **pfrc,
+                              size_t left);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_unacked_offset returns the smallest offset of
+ * unacknowledged stream data held in strm->tx.streamfrq.
+ */
+uint64_t ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_unacked_offset(ngtcp2_strm *strm);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_top returns the first ngtcp2_frame_chain.
+ * The queue must not be empty.
+ */
+ngtcp2_frame_chain *ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_top(ngtcp2_strm *strm);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_empty returns nonzero if streamfrq is empty.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_empty(ngtcp2_strm *strm);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_clear removes all frames from streamfrq.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_strm_streamfrq_clear(ngtcp2_strm *strm);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_strm_is_tx_queued returns nonzero if |strm| is queued.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_strm_is_tx_queued(ngtcp2_strm *strm);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_strm_is_all_tx_data_acked returns nonzero if all outgoing
+ * data for |strm| which have sent so far have been acknowledged.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_strm_is_all_tx_data_acked(ngtcp2_strm *strm);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_strm_is_all_tx_data_fin_acked behaves like
+ * ngtcp2_strm_is_all_tx_data_acked, but it also requires that STREAM
+ * frame with fin bit set is acknowledged.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_strm_is_all_tx_data_fin_acked(ngtcp2_strm *strm);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_strm_get_unacked_range_after returns the range that is not
+ * acknowledged yet and intersects or comes after |offset|.
+ */
+ngtcp2_range ngtcp2_strm_get_unacked_range_after(ngtcp2_strm *strm,
+                                                 uint64_t offset);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_strm_get_acked_offset returns offset, that is the data up to
+ * this offset have been acknowledged by a remote endpoint.  It
+ * returns 0 if no data is acknowledged.
+ */
+uint64_t ngtcp2_strm_get_acked_offset(ngtcp2_strm *strm);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_strm_ack_data tells |strm| that the data [offset,
+ * offset+len) is acknowledged by a remote endpoint.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_strm_ack_data(ngtcp2_strm *strm, uint64_t offset, uint64_t len);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_strm_set_app_error_code sets |app_error_code| to |strm| and
+ * set NGTCP2_STRM_FLAG_APP_ERROR_CODE_SET flag.  If the flag is
+ * already set, this function does nothing.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_strm_set_app_error_code(ngtcp2_strm *strm, uint64_t app_error_code);
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_STRM_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_unreachable.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_unreachable.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c7d9ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_unreachable.c
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2022 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_unreachable.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
+#  include <unistd.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_UNISTD_H */
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#ifdef WIN32
+#  include <io.h>
+#endif /* WIN32 */
+
+void ngtcp2_unreachable_fail(const char *file, int line, const char *func) {
+  char *buf;
+  size_t buflen;
+  int rv;
+
+#define NGTCP2_UNREACHABLE_TEMPLATE "%s:%d %s: Unreachable.\n"
+
+  rv = snprintf(NULL, 0, NGTCP2_UNREACHABLE_TEMPLATE, file, line, func);
+  if (rv < 0) {
+    abort();
+  }
+
+  /* here we explicitly use system malloc */
+  buflen = (size_t)rv + 1;
+  buf = malloc(buflen);
+  if (buf == NULL) {
+    abort();
+  }
+
+  rv = snprintf(buf, buflen, NGTCP2_UNREACHABLE_TEMPLATE, file, line, func);
+  if (rv < 0) {
+    abort();
+  }
+
+#ifndef WIN32
+  while (write(STDERR_FILENO, buf, (size_t)rv) == -1 && errno == EINTR)
+    ;
+#else  /* WIN32 */
+  _write(_fileno(stderr), buf, (unsigned int)rv);
+#endif /* WIN32 */
+
+  free(buf);
+
+  abort();
+}
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_unreachable.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_unreachable.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11a6aaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_unreachable.h
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2022 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_UNREACHABLE_H
+#define NGTCP2_UNREACHABLE_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+#define ngtcp2_unreachable()                                                   \
+  ngtcp2_unreachable_fail(__FILE__, __LINE__, __func__)
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+__declspec(noreturn)
+#endif /* _MSC_VER */
+    void ngtcp2_unreachable_fail(const char *file, int line, const char *func)
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+        __attribute__((noreturn))
+#endif /* !_MSC_VER */
+        ;
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_UNREACHABLE_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_vec.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_vec.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..257332e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_vec.c
@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2018 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_vec.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_str.h"
+
+ngtcp2_vec *ngtcp2_vec_init(ngtcp2_vec *vec, const uint8_t *base, size_t len) {
+  vec->base = (uint8_t *)base;
+  vec->len = len;
+  return vec;
+}
+
+int ngtcp2_vec_new(ngtcp2_vec **pvec, const uint8_t *data, size_t datalen,
+                   const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  size_t len;
+  uint8_t *p;
+
+  len = sizeof(ngtcp2_vec) + datalen;
+
+  *pvec = ngtcp2_mem_malloc(mem, len);
+  if (*pvec == NULL) {
+    return NGTCP2_ERR_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  p = (uint8_t *)(*pvec) + sizeof(ngtcp2_vec);
+  (*pvec)->base = p;
+  (*pvec)->len = datalen;
+  if (datalen) {
+    /* p = */ ngtcp2_cpymem(p, data, datalen);
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_vec_del(ngtcp2_vec *vec, const ngtcp2_mem *mem) {
+  ngtcp2_mem_free(mem, vec);
+}
+
+uint64_t ngtcp2_vec_len(const ngtcp2_vec *vec, size_t n) {
+  size_t i;
+  size_t res = 0;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+    res += vec[i].len;
+  }
+
+  return res;
+}
+
+int64_t ngtcp2_vec_len_varint(const ngtcp2_vec *vec, size_t n) {
+  uint64_t res = 0;
+  size_t len;
+  size_t i;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+    len = vec[i].len;
+    if (len > NGTCP2_MAX_VARINT - res) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+    res += len;
+  }
+
+  return (int64_t)res;
+}
+
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_vec_split(ngtcp2_vec *src, size_t *psrccnt, ngtcp2_vec *dst,
+                              size_t *pdstcnt, size_t left, size_t maxcnt) {
+  size_t i;
+  size_t srccnt = *psrccnt;
+  size_t nmove;
+  size_t extra = 0;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < srccnt; ++i) {
+    if (left >= src[i].len) {
+      left -= src[i].len;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (*pdstcnt && src[srccnt - 1].base + src[srccnt - 1].len == dst[0].base) {
+      if (*pdstcnt + srccnt - i - 1 > maxcnt) {
+        return -1;
+      }
+
+      dst[0].len += src[srccnt - 1].len;
+      dst[0].base = src[srccnt - 1].base;
+      extra = src[srccnt - 1].len;
+      --srccnt;
+    } else if (*pdstcnt + srccnt - i > maxcnt) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (left == 0) {
+      *psrccnt = i;
+    } else {
+      *psrccnt = i + 1;
+    }
+
+    nmove = srccnt - i;
+    if (nmove) {
+      memmove(dst + nmove, dst, sizeof(ngtcp2_vec) * (*pdstcnt));
+      *pdstcnt += nmove;
+      memcpy(dst, src + i, sizeof(ngtcp2_vec) * nmove);
+    }
+
+    dst[0].len -= left;
+    dst[0].base += left;
+    src[i].len = left;
+
+    if (nmove == 0) {
+      extra -= left;
+    }
+
+    return (ngtcp2_ssize)(ngtcp2_vec_len(dst, nmove) + extra);
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+size_t ngtcp2_vec_merge(ngtcp2_vec *dst, size_t *pdstcnt, ngtcp2_vec *src,
+                        size_t *psrccnt, size_t left, size_t maxcnt) {
+  size_t orig_left = left;
+  size_t i;
+  ngtcp2_vec *a, *b;
+
+  assert(maxcnt);
+
+  if (*pdstcnt == 0) {
+    if (*psrccnt == 0) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    a = &dst[0];
+    b = &src[0];
+
+    if (left >= b->len) {
+      *a = *b;
+      ++*pdstcnt;
+      left -= b->len;
+      i = 1;
+    } else {
+      a->len = left;
+      a->base = b->base;
+
+      b->len -= left;
+      b->base += left;
+
+      return left;
+    }
+  } else {
+    i = 0;
+  }
+
+  for (; left && i < *psrccnt; ++i) {
+    a = &dst[*pdstcnt - 1];
+    b = &src[i];
+
+    if (left >= b->len) {
+      if (a->base + a->len == b->base) {
+        a->len += b->len;
+      } else if (*pdstcnt == maxcnt) {
+        break;
+      } else {
+        dst[(*pdstcnt)++] = *b;
+      }
+      left -= b->len;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (a->base + a->len == b->base) {
+      a->len += left;
+    } else if (*pdstcnt == maxcnt) {
+      break;
+    } else {
+      dst[*pdstcnt].len = left;
+      dst[*pdstcnt].base = b->base;
+      ++*pdstcnt;
+    }
+
+    b->len -= left;
+    b->base += left;
+    left = 0;
+
+    break;
+  }
+
+  memmove(src, src + i, sizeof(ngtcp2_vec) * (*psrccnt - i));
+  *psrccnt -= i;
+
+  return orig_left - left;
+}
+
+size_t ngtcp2_vec_copy_at_most(ngtcp2_vec *dst, size_t dstcnt,
+                               const ngtcp2_vec *src, size_t srccnt,
+                               size_t left) {
+  size_t i, j;
+
+  for (i = 0, j = 0; left > 0 && i < srccnt && j < dstcnt;) {
+    if (src[i].len == 0) {
+      ++i;
+      continue;
+    }
+    dst[j] = src[i];
+    if (dst[j].len > left) {
+      dst[j].len = left;
+      return j + 1;
+    }
+    left -= dst[j].len;
+    ++i;
+    ++j;
+  }
+
+  return j;
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_vec_copy(ngtcp2_vec *dst, const ngtcp2_vec *src, size_t cnt) {
+  memcpy(dst, src, sizeof(ngtcp2_vec) * cnt);
+}
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_vec.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_vec.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a39c439
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_vec.h
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2018 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_VEC_H
+#define NGTCP2_VEC_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+#include "ngtcp2_mem.h"
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_vec_lit is a convenient macro to fill the object pointed by
+ * |DEST| with the literal string |LIT|.
+ */
+#define ngtcp2_vec_lit(DEST, LIT)                                              \
+  ((DEST)->base = (uint8_t *)(LIT), (DEST)->len = sizeof(LIT) - 1, (DEST))
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_vec_init initializes |vec| with the given parameters.  It
+ * returns |vec|.
+ */
+ngtcp2_vec *ngtcp2_vec_init(ngtcp2_vec *vec, const uint8_t *base, size_t len);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_vec_new allocates and initializes |*pvec| with given |data|
+ * of length |datalen|.  This function allocates memory for |*pvec|
+ * and the given data with a single allocation, and the contents
+ * pointed by |data| is copied into the allocated memory space.  To
+ * free the allocated memory, call ngtcp2_vec_del.
+ */
+int ngtcp2_vec_new(ngtcp2_vec **pvec, const uint8_t *data, size_t datalen,
+                   const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_vec_del frees the memory allocated by |vec| which is
+ * allocated and initialized by ngtcp2_vec_new.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_vec_del(ngtcp2_vec *vec, const ngtcp2_mem *mem);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_vec_len returns the sum of length in |vec| of |n| elements.
+ */
+uint64_t ngtcp2_vec_len(const ngtcp2_vec *vec, size_t n);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_vec_len_varint is similar to ngtcp2_vec_len, but it returns
+ * -1 if the sum of the length exceeds NGTCP2_MAX_VARINT.
+ */
+int64_t ngtcp2_vec_len_varint(const ngtcp2_vec *vec, size_t n);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_vec_split splits |src| to |dst| so that the sum of the
+ * length in |src| does not exceed |left| bytes.  The |maxcnt| is the
+ * maximum number of elements which |dst| array can contain.  The
+ * caller must set |*psrccnt| to the number of elements of |src|.
+ * Similarly, the caller must set |*pdstcnt| to the number of elements
+ * of |dst|.  The split does not necessarily occur at the boundary of
+ * ngtcp2_vec object.  After split has done, this function updates
+ * |*psrccnt| and |*pdstcnt|.  This function returns the number of
+ * bytes moved from |src| to |dst|.  If split cannot be made because
+ * doing so exceeds |maxcnt|, this function returns -1.
+ */
+ngtcp2_ssize ngtcp2_vec_split(ngtcp2_vec *src, size_t *psrccnt, ngtcp2_vec *dst,
+                              size_t *pdstcnt, size_t left, size_t maxcnt);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_vec_merge merges |src| into |dst| by moving at most |left|
+ * bytes from |src|.  The |maxcnt| is the maximum number of elements
+ * which |dst| array can contain.  The caller must set |*pdstcnt| to
+ * the number of elements of |dst|.  Similarly, the caller must set
+ * |*psrccnt| to the number of elements of |src|.  After merge has
+ * done, this function updates |*psrccnt| and |*pdstcnt|.  This
+ * function returns the number of bytes moved from |src| to |dst|.
+ */
+size_t ngtcp2_vec_merge(ngtcp2_vec *dst, size_t *pdstcnt, ngtcp2_vec *src,
+                        size_t *psrccnt, size_t left, size_t maxcnt);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_vec_copy_at_most copies |src| of length |srccnt| to |dst| of
+ * length |dstcnt|.  The total number of bytes which the copied
+ * ngtcp2_vec refers to is at most |left|.  The empty elements in
+ * |src| are ignored.  This function returns the number of elements
+ * copied.
+ */
+size_t ngtcp2_vec_copy_at_most(ngtcp2_vec *dst, size_t dstcnt,
+                               const ngtcp2_vec *src, size_t srccnt,
+                               size_t left);
+
+/*
+ * ngtcp2_vec_copy copies |src| of length |cnt| to |dst|.  |dst| must
+ * have sufficient capacity.
+ */
+void ngtcp2_vec_copy(ngtcp2_vec *dst, const ngtcp2_vec *src, size_t cnt);
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_VEC_H */
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_version.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_version.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b31162c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_version.c
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+static ngtcp2_info version = {NGTCP2_VERSION_AGE, NGTCP2_VERSION_NUM,
+                              NGTCP2_VERSION};
+
+const ngtcp2_info *ngtcp2_version(int least_version) {
+  if (least_version > NGTCP2_VERSION_NUM) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return &version;
+}
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_window_filter.c b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_window_filter.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71c816e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_window_filter.c
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Translated to C from the original C++ code
+ * https://quiche.googlesource.com/quiche/+/5be974e29f7e71a196e726d6e2272676d33ab77d/quic/core/congestion_control/windowed_filter.h
+ * with the following license:
+ *
+ * // Copyright (c) 2016 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
+ * // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+ * // found in the LICENSE file.
+ */
+#include "ngtcp2_window_filter.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+void ngtcp2_window_filter_init(ngtcp2_window_filter *wf,
+                               uint64_t window_length) {
+  wf->window_length = window_length;
+  memset(wf->estimates, 0, sizeof(wf->estimates));
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_window_filter_update(ngtcp2_window_filter *wf, uint64_t new_sample,
+                                 uint64_t new_time) {
+  if (wf->estimates[0].sample == 0 || new_sample > wf->estimates[0].sample ||
+      new_time - wf->estimates[2].time > wf->window_length) {
+    ngtcp2_window_filter_reset(wf, new_sample, new_time);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (new_sample > wf->estimates[1].sample) {
+    wf->estimates[1].sample = new_sample;
+    wf->estimates[1].time = new_time;
+    wf->estimates[2] = wf->estimates[1];
+  } else if (new_sample > wf->estimates[2].sample) {
+    wf->estimates[2].sample = new_sample;
+    wf->estimates[2].time = new_time;
+  }
+
+  if (new_time - wf->estimates[0].time > wf->window_length) {
+    wf->estimates[0] = wf->estimates[1];
+    wf->estimates[1] = wf->estimates[2];
+    wf->estimates[2].sample = new_sample;
+    wf->estimates[2].time = new_time;
+
+    if (new_time - wf->estimates[0].time > wf->window_length) {
+      wf->estimates[0] = wf->estimates[1];
+      wf->estimates[1] = wf->estimates[2];
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (wf->estimates[1].sample == wf->estimates[0].sample &&
+      new_time - wf->estimates[1].time > wf->window_length >> 2) {
+    wf->estimates[2].sample = new_sample;
+    wf->estimates[2].time = new_time;
+    wf->estimates[1] = wf->estimates[2];
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (wf->estimates[2].sample == wf->estimates[1].sample &&
+      new_time - wf->estimates[2].time > wf->window_length >> 1) {
+    wf->estimates[2].sample = new_sample;
+    wf->estimates[2].time = new_time;
+  }
+}
+
+void ngtcp2_window_filter_reset(ngtcp2_window_filter *wf, uint64_t new_sample,
+                                uint64_t new_time) {
+  wf->estimates[0].sample = new_sample;
+  wf->estimates[0].time = new_time;
+  wf->estimates[1] = wf->estimates[2] = wf->estimates[0];
+}
+
+uint64_t ngtcp2_window_filter_get_best(ngtcp2_window_filter *wf) {
+  return wf->estimates[0].sample;
+}
diff --git a/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_window_filter.h b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_window_filter.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50415f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/contrib/libngtcp2/ngtcp2/lib/ngtcp2_window_filter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*
+ * ngtcp2
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 ngtcp2 contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Translated to C from the original C++ code
+ * https://quiche.googlesource.com/quiche/+/5be974e29f7e71a196e726d6e2272676d33ab77d/quic/core/congestion_control/windowed_filter.h
+ * with the following license:
+ *
+ * // Copyright (c) 2016 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
+ * // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+ * // found in the LICENSE file.
+ */
+#ifndef NGTCP2_WINDOW_FILTER_H
+#define NGTCP2_WINDOW_FILTER_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
+
+#include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2.h>
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_window_filter_sample {
+  uint64_t sample;
+  uint64_t time;
+} ngtcp2_window_filter_sample;
+
+typedef struct ngtcp2_window_filter {
+  uint64_t window_length;
+  ngtcp2_window_filter_sample estimates[3];
+} ngtcp2_window_filter;
+
+void ngtcp2_window_filter_init(ngtcp2_window_filter *wf,
+                               uint64_t window_length);
+
+void ngtcp2_window_filter_update(ngtcp2_window_filter *wf, uint64_t new_sample,
+                                 uint64_t new_time);
+
+void ngtcp2_window_filter_reset(ngtcp2_window_filter *wf, uint64_t new_sample,
+                                uint64_t new_time);
+
+uint64_t ngtcp2_window_filter_get_best(ngtcp2_window_filter *wf);
+
+#endif /* NGTCP2_WINDOW_FILTER_H */