Adding upstream version 6.1.76.upstream/6.1.76

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 1746 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/sound/usb/pcm.c b/sound/usb/pcm.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f2c798c45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/usb/pcm.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1746 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+/*
+ */
+
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/bitrev.h>
+#include <linux/ratelimit.h>
+#include <linux/usb.h>
+#include <linux/usb/audio.h>
+#include <linux/usb/audio-v2.h>
+
+#include <sound/core.h>
+#include <sound/pcm.h>
+#include <sound/pcm_params.h>
+
+#include "usbaudio.h"
+#include "card.h"
+#include "quirks.h"
+#include "endpoint.h"
+#include "helper.h"
+#include "pcm.h"
+#include "clock.h"
+#include "power.h"
+#include "media.h"
+#include "implicit.h"
+
+#define SUBSTREAM_FLAG_DATA_EP_STARTED	0
+#define SUBSTREAM_FLAG_SYNC_EP_STARTED	1
+
+/* return the estimated delay based on USB frame counters */
+static snd_pcm_uframes_t snd_usb_pcm_delay(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+					   struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime)
+{
+	unsigned int current_frame_number;
+	unsigned int frame_diff;
+	int est_delay;
+	int queued;
+
+	if (subs->direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK) {
+		queued = bytes_to_frames(runtime, subs->inflight_bytes);
+		if (!queued)
+			return 0;
+	} else if (!subs->running) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	current_frame_number = usb_get_current_frame_number(subs->dev);
+	/*
+	 * HCD implementations use different widths, use lower 8 bits.
+	 * The delay will be managed up to 256ms, which is more than
+	 * enough
+	 */
+	frame_diff = (current_frame_number - subs->last_frame_number) & 0xff;
+
+	/* Approximation based on number of samples per USB frame (ms),
+	   some truncation for 44.1 but the estimate is good enough */
+	est_delay = frame_diff * runtime->rate / 1000;
+
+	if (subs->direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK) {
+		est_delay = queued - est_delay;
+		if (est_delay < 0)
+			est_delay = 0;
+	}
+
+	return est_delay;
+}
+
+/*
+ * return the current pcm pointer.  just based on the hwptr_done value.
+ */
+static snd_pcm_uframes_t snd_usb_pcm_pointer(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = runtime->private_data;
+	unsigned int hwptr_done;
+
+	if (atomic_read(&subs->stream->chip->shutdown))
+		return SNDRV_PCM_POS_XRUN;
+	spin_lock(&subs->lock);
+	hwptr_done = subs->hwptr_done;
+	runtime->delay = snd_usb_pcm_delay(subs, runtime);
+	spin_unlock(&subs->lock);
+	return bytes_to_frames(runtime, hwptr_done);
+}
+
+/*
+ * find a matching audio format
+ */
+static const struct audioformat *
+find_format(struct list_head *fmt_list_head, snd_pcm_format_t format,
+	    unsigned int rate, unsigned int channels, bool strict_match,
+	    struct snd_usb_substream *subs)
+{
+	const struct audioformat *fp;
+	const struct audioformat *found = NULL;
+	int cur_attr = 0, attr;
+
+	list_for_each_entry(fp, fmt_list_head, list) {
+		if (strict_match) {
+			if (!(fp->formats & pcm_format_to_bits(format)))
+				continue;
+			if (fp->channels != channels)
+				continue;
+		}
+		if (rate < fp->rate_min || rate > fp->rate_max)
+			continue;
+		if (!(fp->rates & SNDRV_PCM_RATE_CONTINUOUS)) {
+			unsigned int i;
+			for (i = 0; i < fp->nr_rates; i++)
+				if (fp->rate_table[i] == rate)
+					break;
+			if (i >= fp->nr_rates)
+				continue;
+		}
+		attr = fp->ep_attr & USB_ENDPOINT_SYNCTYPE;
+		if (!found) {
+			found = fp;
+			cur_attr = attr;
+			continue;
+		}
+		/* avoid async out and adaptive in if the other method
+		 * supports the same format.
+		 * this is a workaround for the case like
+		 * M-audio audiophile USB.
+		 */
+		if (subs && attr != cur_attr) {
+			if ((attr == USB_ENDPOINT_SYNC_ASYNC &&
+			     subs->direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK) ||
+			    (attr == USB_ENDPOINT_SYNC_ADAPTIVE &&
+			     subs->direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE))
+				continue;
+			if ((cur_attr == USB_ENDPOINT_SYNC_ASYNC &&
+			     subs->direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK) ||
+			    (cur_attr == USB_ENDPOINT_SYNC_ADAPTIVE &&
+			     subs->direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE)) {
+				found = fp;
+				cur_attr = attr;
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+		/* find the format with the largest max. packet size */
+		if (fp->maxpacksize > found->maxpacksize) {
+			found = fp;
+			cur_attr = attr;
+		}
+	}
+	return found;
+}
+
+static const struct audioformat *
+find_substream_format(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+		      const struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params)
+{
+	return find_format(&subs->fmt_list, params_format(params),
+			   params_rate(params), params_channels(params),
+			   true, subs);
+}
+
+bool snd_usb_pcm_has_fixed_rate(struct snd_usb_substream *subs)
+{
+	const struct audioformat *fp;
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip;
+	int rate = -1;
+
+	if (!subs)
+		return false;
+	chip = subs->stream->chip;
+	if (!(chip->quirk_flags & QUIRK_FLAG_FIXED_RATE))
+		return false;
+	list_for_each_entry(fp, &subs->fmt_list, list) {
+		if (fp->rates & SNDRV_PCM_RATE_CONTINUOUS)
+			return false;
+		if (fp->nr_rates < 1)
+			continue;
+		if (fp->nr_rates > 1)
+			return false;
+		if (rate < 0) {
+			rate = fp->rate_table[0];
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (rate != fp->rate_table[0])
+			return false;
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+static int init_pitch_v1(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int ep)
+{
+	struct usb_device *dev = chip->dev;
+	unsigned char data[1];
+	int err;
+
+	data[0] = 1;
+	err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(dev, usb_sndctrlpipe(dev, 0), UAC_SET_CUR,
+			      USB_TYPE_CLASS|USB_RECIP_ENDPOINT|USB_DIR_OUT,
+			      UAC_EP_CS_ATTR_PITCH_CONTROL << 8, ep,
+			      data, sizeof(data));
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int init_pitch_v2(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int ep)
+{
+	struct usb_device *dev = chip->dev;
+	unsigned char data[1];
+	int err;
+
+	data[0] = 1;
+	err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(dev, usb_sndctrlpipe(dev, 0), UAC2_CS_CUR,
+			      USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_RECIP_ENDPOINT | USB_DIR_OUT,
+			      UAC2_EP_CS_PITCH << 8, 0,
+			      data, sizeof(data));
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * initialize the pitch control and sample rate
+ */
+int snd_usb_init_pitch(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
+		       const struct audioformat *fmt)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	/* if endpoint doesn't have pitch control, bail out */
+	if (!(fmt->attributes & UAC_EP_CS_ATTR_PITCH_CONTROL))
+		return 0;
+
+	usb_audio_dbg(chip, "enable PITCH for EP 0x%x\n", fmt->endpoint);
+
+	switch (fmt->protocol) {
+	case UAC_VERSION_1:
+		err = init_pitch_v1(chip, fmt->endpoint);
+		break;
+	case UAC_VERSION_2:
+		err = init_pitch_v2(chip, fmt->endpoint);
+		break;
+	default:
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (err < 0) {
+		usb_audio_err(chip, "failed to enable PITCH for EP 0x%x\n",
+			      fmt->endpoint);
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static bool stop_endpoints(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, bool keep_pending)
+{
+	bool stopped = 0;
+
+	if (test_and_clear_bit(SUBSTREAM_FLAG_SYNC_EP_STARTED, &subs->flags)) {
+		snd_usb_endpoint_stop(subs->sync_endpoint, keep_pending);
+		stopped = true;
+	}
+	if (test_and_clear_bit(SUBSTREAM_FLAG_DATA_EP_STARTED, &subs->flags)) {
+		snd_usb_endpoint_stop(subs->data_endpoint, keep_pending);
+		stopped = true;
+	}
+	return stopped;
+}
+
+static int start_endpoints(struct snd_usb_substream *subs)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	if (!subs->data_endpoint)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (!test_and_set_bit(SUBSTREAM_FLAG_DATA_EP_STARTED, &subs->flags)) {
+		err = snd_usb_endpoint_start(subs->data_endpoint);
+		if (err < 0) {
+			clear_bit(SUBSTREAM_FLAG_DATA_EP_STARTED, &subs->flags);
+			goto error;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (subs->sync_endpoint &&
+	    !test_and_set_bit(SUBSTREAM_FLAG_SYNC_EP_STARTED, &subs->flags)) {
+		err = snd_usb_endpoint_start(subs->sync_endpoint);
+		if (err < 0) {
+			clear_bit(SUBSTREAM_FLAG_SYNC_EP_STARTED, &subs->flags);
+			goto error;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+
+ error:
+	stop_endpoints(subs, false);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static void sync_pending_stops(struct snd_usb_substream *subs)
+{
+	snd_usb_endpoint_sync_pending_stop(subs->sync_endpoint);
+	snd_usb_endpoint_sync_pending_stop(subs->data_endpoint);
+}
+
+/* PCM sync_stop callback */
+static int snd_usb_pcm_sync_stop(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = substream->runtime->private_data;
+
+	sync_pending_stops(subs);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* Set up sync endpoint */
+int snd_usb_audioformat_set_sync_ep(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
+				    struct audioformat *fmt)
+{
+	struct usb_device *dev = chip->dev;
+	struct usb_host_interface *alts;
+	struct usb_interface_descriptor *altsd;
+	unsigned int ep, attr, sync_attr;
+	bool is_playback;
+	int err;
+
+	if (fmt->sync_ep)
+		return 0; /* already set up */
+
+	alts = snd_usb_get_host_interface(chip, fmt->iface, fmt->altsetting);
+	if (!alts)
+		return 0;
+	altsd = get_iface_desc(alts);
+
+	err = snd_usb_parse_implicit_fb_quirk(chip, fmt, alts);
+	if (err > 0)
+		return 0; /* matched */
+
+	/*
+	 * Generic sync EP handling
+	 */
+
+	if (fmt->ep_idx > 0 || altsd->bNumEndpoints < 2)
+		return 0;
+
+	is_playback = !(get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bEndpointAddress & USB_DIR_IN);
+	attr = fmt->ep_attr & USB_ENDPOINT_SYNCTYPE;
+	if ((is_playback && (attr == USB_ENDPOINT_SYNC_SYNC ||
+			     attr == USB_ENDPOINT_SYNC_ADAPTIVE)) ||
+	    (!is_playback && attr != USB_ENDPOINT_SYNC_ADAPTIVE))
+		return 0;
+
+	sync_attr = get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bmAttributes;
+
+	/*
+	 * In case of illegal SYNC_NONE for OUT endpoint, we keep going to see
+	 * if we don't find a sync endpoint, as on M-Audio Transit. In case of
+	 * error fall back to SYNC mode and don't create sync endpoint
+	 */
+
+	/* check sync-pipe endpoint */
+	/* ... and check descriptor size before accessing bSynchAddress
+	   because there is a version of the SB Audigy 2 NX firmware lacking
+	   the audio fields in the endpoint descriptors */
+	if ((sync_attr & USB_ENDPOINT_XFERTYPE_MASK) != USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_ISOC ||
+	    (get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bLength >= USB_DT_ENDPOINT_AUDIO_SIZE &&
+	     get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bSynchAddress != 0)) {
+		dev_err(&dev->dev,
+			"%d:%d : invalid sync pipe. bmAttributes %02x, bLength %d, bSynchAddress %02x\n",
+			   fmt->iface, fmt->altsetting,
+			   get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bmAttributes,
+			   get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bLength,
+			   get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bSynchAddress);
+		if (is_playback && attr == USB_ENDPOINT_SYNC_NONE)
+			return 0;
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	ep = get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bEndpointAddress;
+	if (get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bLength >= USB_DT_ENDPOINT_AUDIO_SIZE &&
+	    get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bSynchAddress != 0 &&
+	    ((is_playback && ep != (unsigned int)(get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bSynchAddress | USB_DIR_IN)) ||
+	     (!is_playback && ep != (unsigned int)(get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bSynchAddress & ~USB_DIR_IN)))) {
+		dev_err(&dev->dev,
+			"%d:%d : invalid sync pipe. is_playback %d, ep %02x, bSynchAddress %02x\n",
+			   fmt->iface, fmt->altsetting,
+			   is_playback, ep, get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bSynchAddress);
+		if (is_playback && attr == USB_ENDPOINT_SYNC_NONE)
+			return 0;
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	fmt->sync_ep = ep;
+	fmt->sync_iface = altsd->bInterfaceNumber;
+	fmt->sync_altsetting = altsd->bAlternateSetting;
+	fmt->sync_ep_idx = 1;
+	if ((sync_attr & USB_ENDPOINT_USAGE_MASK) == USB_ENDPOINT_USAGE_IMPLICIT_FB)
+		fmt->implicit_fb = 1;
+
+	dev_dbg(&dev->dev, "%d:%d: found sync_ep=0x%x, iface=%d, alt=%d, implicit_fb=%d\n",
+		fmt->iface, fmt->altsetting, fmt->sync_ep, fmt->sync_iface,
+		fmt->sync_altsetting, fmt->implicit_fb);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_usb_pcm_change_state(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, int state)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	if (!subs->str_pd)
+		return 0;
+
+	ret = snd_usb_power_domain_set(subs->stream->chip, subs->str_pd, state);
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		dev_err(&subs->dev->dev,
+			"Cannot change Power Domain ID: %d to state: %d. Err: %d\n",
+			subs->str_pd->pd_id, state, ret);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int snd_usb_pcm_suspend(struct snd_usb_stream *as)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = snd_usb_pcm_change_state(&as->substream[0], UAC3_PD_STATE_D2);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	ret = snd_usb_pcm_change_state(&as->substream[1], UAC3_PD_STATE_D2);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int snd_usb_pcm_resume(struct snd_usb_stream *as)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = snd_usb_pcm_change_state(&as->substream[0], UAC3_PD_STATE_D1);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	ret = snd_usb_pcm_change_state(&as->substream[1], UAC3_PD_STATE_D1);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void close_endpoints(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
+			    struct snd_usb_substream *subs)
+{
+	if (subs->data_endpoint) {
+		snd_usb_endpoint_set_sync(chip, subs->data_endpoint, NULL);
+		snd_usb_endpoint_close(chip, subs->data_endpoint);
+		subs->data_endpoint = NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (subs->sync_endpoint) {
+		snd_usb_endpoint_close(chip, subs->sync_endpoint);
+		subs->sync_endpoint = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * hw_params callback
+ *
+ * allocate a buffer and set the given audio format.
+ *
+ * so far we use a physically linear buffer although packetize transfer
+ * doesn't need a continuous area.
+ * if sg buffer is supported on the later version of alsa, we'll follow
+ * that.
+ */
+static int snd_usb_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+			     struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = substream->runtime->private_data;
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = subs->stream->chip;
+	const struct audioformat *fmt;
+	const struct audioformat *sync_fmt;
+	bool fixed_rate, sync_fixed_rate;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = snd_media_start_pipeline(subs);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	fixed_rate = snd_usb_pcm_has_fixed_rate(subs);
+	fmt = find_substream_format(subs, hw_params);
+	if (!fmt) {
+		usb_audio_dbg(chip,
+			      "cannot find format: format=%s, rate=%d, channels=%d\n",
+			      snd_pcm_format_name(params_format(hw_params)),
+			      params_rate(hw_params), params_channels(hw_params));
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto stop_pipeline;
+	}
+
+	if (fmt->implicit_fb) {
+		sync_fmt = snd_usb_find_implicit_fb_sync_format(chip, fmt,
+								hw_params,
+								!substream->stream,
+								&sync_fixed_rate);
+		if (!sync_fmt) {
+			usb_audio_dbg(chip,
+				      "cannot find sync format: ep=0x%x, iface=%d:%d, format=%s, rate=%d, channels=%d\n",
+				      fmt->sync_ep, fmt->sync_iface,
+				      fmt->sync_altsetting,
+				      snd_pcm_format_name(params_format(hw_params)),
+				      params_rate(hw_params), params_channels(hw_params));
+			ret = -EINVAL;
+			goto stop_pipeline;
+		}
+	} else {
+		sync_fmt = fmt;
+		sync_fixed_rate = fixed_rate;
+	}
+
+	ret = snd_usb_lock_shutdown(chip);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		goto stop_pipeline;
+
+	ret = snd_usb_pcm_change_state(subs, UAC3_PD_STATE_D0);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		goto unlock;
+
+	if (subs->data_endpoint) {
+		if (snd_usb_endpoint_compatible(chip, subs->data_endpoint,
+						fmt, hw_params))
+			goto unlock;
+		if (stop_endpoints(subs, false))
+			sync_pending_stops(subs);
+		close_endpoints(chip, subs);
+	}
+
+	subs->data_endpoint = snd_usb_endpoint_open(chip, fmt, hw_params, false, fixed_rate);
+	if (!subs->data_endpoint) {
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto unlock;
+	}
+
+	if (fmt->sync_ep) {
+		subs->sync_endpoint = snd_usb_endpoint_open(chip, sync_fmt,
+							    hw_params,
+							    fmt == sync_fmt,
+							    sync_fixed_rate);
+		if (!subs->sync_endpoint) {
+			ret = -EINVAL;
+			goto unlock;
+		}
+
+		snd_usb_endpoint_set_sync(chip, subs->data_endpoint,
+					  subs->sync_endpoint);
+	}
+
+	mutex_lock(&chip->mutex);
+	subs->cur_audiofmt = fmt;
+	mutex_unlock(&chip->mutex);
+
+	if (!subs->data_endpoint->need_setup)
+		goto unlock;
+
+	if (subs->sync_endpoint) {
+		ret = snd_usb_endpoint_set_params(chip, subs->sync_endpoint);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			goto unlock;
+	}
+
+	ret = snd_usb_endpoint_set_params(chip, subs->data_endpoint);
+
+ unlock:
+	if (ret < 0)
+		close_endpoints(chip, subs);
+
+	snd_usb_unlock_shutdown(chip);
+ stop_pipeline:
+	if (ret < 0)
+		snd_media_stop_pipeline(subs);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * hw_free callback
+ *
+ * reset the audio format and release the buffer
+ */
+static int snd_usb_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = substream->runtime->private_data;
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = subs->stream->chip;
+
+	snd_media_stop_pipeline(subs);
+	mutex_lock(&chip->mutex);
+	subs->cur_audiofmt = NULL;
+	mutex_unlock(&chip->mutex);
+	if (!snd_usb_lock_shutdown(chip)) {
+		if (stop_endpoints(subs, false))
+			sync_pending_stops(subs);
+		close_endpoints(chip, subs);
+		snd_usb_unlock_shutdown(chip);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* free-wheeling mode? (e.g. dmix) */
+static int in_free_wheeling_mode(struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime)
+{
+	return runtime->stop_threshold > runtime->buffer_size;
+}
+
+/* check whether early start is needed for playback stream */
+static int lowlatency_playback_available(struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
+					 struct snd_usb_substream *subs)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = subs->stream->chip;
+
+	if (subs->direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE)
+		return false;
+	/* disabled via module option? */
+	if (!chip->lowlatency)
+		return false;
+	if (in_free_wheeling_mode(runtime))
+		return false;
+	/* implicit feedback mode has own operation mode */
+	if (snd_usb_endpoint_implicit_feedback_sink(subs->data_endpoint))
+		return false;
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * prepare callback
+ *
+ * only a few subtle things...
+ */
+static int snd_usb_pcm_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = runtime->private_data;
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = subs->stream->chip;
+	int retry = 0;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = snd_usb_lock_shutdown(chip);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+	if (snd_BUG_ON(!subs->data_endpoint)) {
+		ret = -EIO;
+		goto unlock;
+	}
+
+	ret = snd_usb_pcm_change_state(subs, UAC3_PD_STATE_D0);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		goto unlock;
+
+ again:
+	if (subs->sync_endpoint) {
+		ret = snd_usb_endpoint_prepare(chip, subs->sync_endpoint);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			goto unlock;
+	}
+
+	ret = snd_usb_endpoint_prepare(chip, subs->data_endpoint);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		goto unlock;
+	else if (ret > 0)
+		snd_usb_set_format_quirk(subs, subs->cur_audiofmt);
+	ret = 0;
+
+	/* reset the pointer */
+	subs->buffer_bytes = frames_to_bytes(runtime, runtime->buffer_size);
+	subs->inflight_bytes = 0;
+	subs->hwptr_done = 0;
+	subs->transfer_done = 0;
+	subs->last_frame_number = 0;
+	subs->period_elapsed_pending = 0;
+	runtime->delay = 0;
+
+	subs->lowlatency_playback = lowlatency_playback_available(runtime, subs);
+	if (substream->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK &&
+	    !subs->lowlatency_playback) {
+		ret = start_endpoints(subs);
+		/* if XRUN happens at starting streams (possibly with implicit
+		 * fb case), restart again, but only try once.
+		 */
+		if (ret == -EPIPE && !retry++) {
+			sync_pending_stops(subs);
+			goto again;
+		}
+	}
+ unlock:
+	snd_usb_unlock_shutdown(chip);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * h/w constraints
+ */
+
+#ifdef HW_CONST_DEBUG
+#define hwc_debug(fmt, args...) pr_debug(fmt, ##args)
+#else
+#define hwc_debug(fmt, args...) do { } while(0)
+#endif
+
+static const struct snd_pcm_hardware snd_usb_hardware =
+{
+	.info =			SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP |
+				SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID |
+				SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BATCH |
+				SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED |
+				SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BLOCK_TRANSFER |
+				SNDRV_PCM_INFO_PAUSE,
+	.channels_min =		1,
+	.channels_max =		256,
+	.buffer_bytes_max =	INT_MAX, /* limited by BUFFER_TIME later */
+	.period_bytes_min =	64,
+	.period_bytes_max =	INT_MAX, /* limited by PERIOD_TIME later */
+	.periods_min =		2,
+	.periods_max =		1024,
+};
+
+static int hw_check_valid_format(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+				 struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
+				 const struct audioformat *fp)
+{
+	struct snd_interval *it = hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE);
+	struct snd_interval *ct = hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS);
+	struct snd_mask *fmts = hw_param_mask(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT);
+	struct snd_interval *pt = hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_TIME);
+	struct snd_mask check_fmts;
+	unsigned int ptime;
+
+	/* check the format */
+	snd_mask_none(&check_fmts);
+	check_fmts.bits[0] = (u32)fp->formats;
+	check_fmts.bits[1] = (u32)(fp->formats >> 32);
+	snd_mask_intersect(&check_fmts, fmts);
+	if (snd_mask_empty(&check_fmts)) {
+		hwc_debug("   > check: no supported format 0x%llx\n", fp->formats);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	/* check the channels */
+	if (fp->channels < ct->min || fp->channels > ct->max) {
+		hwc_debug("   > check: no valid channels %d (%d/%d)\n", fp->channels, ct->min, ct->max);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	/* check the rate is within the range */
+	if (fp->rate_min > it->max || (fp->rate_min == it->max && it->openmax)) {
+		hwc_debug("   > check: rate_min %d > max %d\n", fp->rate_min, it->max);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (fp->rate_max < it->min || (fp->rate_max == it->min && it->openmin)) {
+		hwc_debug("   > check: rate_max %d < min %d\n", fp->rate_max, it->min);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	/* check whether the period time is >= the data packet interval */
+	if (subs->speed != USB_SPEED_FULL) {
+		ptime = 125 * (1 << fp->datainterval);
+		if (ptime > pt->max || (ptime == pt->max && pt->openmax)) {
+			hwc_debug("   > check: ptime %u > max %u\n", ptime, pt->max);
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int apply_hw_params_minmax(struct snd_interval *it, unsigned int rmin,
+				  unsigned int rmax)
+{
+	int changed;
+
+	if (rmin > rmax) {
+		hwc_debug("  --> get empty\n");
+		it->empty = 1;
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	changed = 0;
+	if (it->min < rmin) {
+		it->min = rmin;
+		it->openmin = 0;
+		changed = 1;
+	}
+	if (it->max > rmax) {
+		it->max = rmax;
+		it->openmax = 0;
+		changed = 1;
+	}
+	if (snd_interval_checkempty(it)) {
+		it->empty = 1;
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	hwc_debug("  --> (%d, %d) (changed = %d)\n", it->min, it->max, changed);
+	return changed;
+}
+
+static int hw_rule_rate(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
+			struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = rule->private;
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = subs->stream->chip;
+	const struct audioformat *fp;
+	struct snd_interval *it = hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE);
+	unsigned int rmin, rmax, r;
+	int i;
+
+	hwc_debug("hw_rule_rate: (%d,%d)\n", it->min, it->max);
+	rmin = UINT_MAX;
+	rmax = 0;
+	list_for_each_entry(fp, &subs->fmt_list, list) {
+		if (!hw_check_valid_format(subs, params, fp))
+			continue;
+		r = snd_usb_endpoint_get_clock_rate(chip, fp->clock);
+		if (r > 0) {
+			if (!snd_interval_test(it, r))
+				continue;
+			rmin = min(rmin, r);
+			rmax = max(rmax, r);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (fp->rate_table && fp->nr_rates) {
+			for (i = 0; i < fp->nr_rates; i++) {
+				r = fp->rate_table[i];
+				if (!snd_interval_test(it, r))
+					continue;
+				rmin = min(rmin, r);
+				rmax = max(rmax, r);
+			}
+		} else {
+			rmin = min(rmin, fp->rate_min);
+			rmax = max(rmax, fp->rate_max);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return apply_hw_params_minmax(it, rmin, rmax);
+}
+
+
+static int hw_rule_channels(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
+			    struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = rule->private;
+	const struct audioformat *fp;
+	struct snd_interval *it = hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS);
+	unsigned int rmin, rmax;
+
+	hwc_debug("hw_rule_channels: (%d,%d)\n", it->min, it->max);
+	rmin = UINT_MAX;
+	rmax = 0;
+	list_for_each_entry(fp, &subs->fmt_list, list) {
+		if (!hw_check_valid_format(subs, params, fp))
+			continue;
+		rmin = min(rmin, fp->channels);
+		rmax = max(rmax, fp->channels);
+	}
+
+	return apply_hw_params_minmax(it, rmin, rmax);
+}
+
+static int apply_hw_params_format_bits(struct snd_mask *fmt, u64 fbits)
+{
+	u32 oldbits[2];
+	int changed;
+
+	oldbits[0] = fmt->bits[0];
+	oldbits[1] = fmt->bits[1];
+	fmt->bits[0] &= (u32)fbits;
+	fmt->bits[1] &= (u32)(fbits >> 32);
+	if (!fmt->bits[0] && !fmt->bits[1]) {
+		hwc_debug("  --> get empty\n");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	changed = (oldbits[0] != fmt->bits[0] || oldbits[1] != fmt->bits[1]);
+	hwc_debug("  --> %x:%x (changed = %d)\n", fmt->bits[0], fmt->bits[1], changed);
+	return changed;
+}
+
+static int hw_rule_format(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
+			  struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = rule->private;
+	const struct audioformat *fp;
+	struct snd_mask *fmt = hw_param_mask(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT);
+	u64 fbits;
+
+	hwc_debug("hw_rule_format: %x:%x\n", fmt->bits[0], fmt->bits[1]);
+	fbits = 0;
+	list_for_each_entry(fp, &subs->fmt_list, list) {
+		if (!hw_check_valid_format(subs, params, fp))
+			continue;
+		fbits |= fp->formats;
+	}
+	return apply_hw_params_format_bits(fmt, fbits);
+}
+
+static int hw_rule_period_time(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
+			       struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = rule->private;
+	const struct audioformat *fp;
+	struct snd_interval *it;
+	unsigned char min_datainterval;
+	unsigned int pmin;
+
+	it = hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_TIME);
+	hwc_debug("hw_rule_period_time: (%u,%u)\n", it->min, it->max);
+	min_datainterval = 0xff;
+	list_for_each_entry(fp, &subs->fmt_list, list) {
+		if (!hw_check_valid_format(subs, params, fp))
+			continue;
+		min_datainterval = min(min_datainterval, fp->datainterval);
+	}
+	if (min_datainterval == 0xff) {
+		hwc_debug("  --> get empty\n");
+		it->empty = 1;
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	pmin = 125 * (1 << min_datainterval);
+
+	return apply_hw_params_minmax(it, pmin, UINT_MAX);
+}
+
+/* get the EP or the sync EP for implicit fb when it's already set up */
+static const struct snd_usb_endpoint *
+get_sync_ep_from_substream(struct snd_usb_substream *subs)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = subs->stream->chip;
+	const struct audioformat *fp;
+	const struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep;
+
+	list_for_each_entry(fp, &subs->fmt_list, list) {
+		ep = snd_usb_get_endpoint(chip, fp->endpoint);
+		if (ep && ep->cur_audiofmt) {
+			/* if EP is already opened solely for this substream,
+			 * we still allow us to change the parameter; otherwise
+			 * this substream has to follow the existing parameter
+			 */
+			if (ep->cur_audiofmt != subs->cur_audiofmt || ep->opened > 1)
+				return ep;
+		}
+		if (!fp->implicit_fb)
+			continue;
+		/* for the implicit fb, check the sync ep as well */
+		ep = snd_usb_get_endpoint(chip, fp->sync_ep);
+		if (ep && ep->cur_audiofmt) {
+			/* ditto, if the sync (data) ep is used by others,
+			 * this stream is restricted by the sync ep
+			 */
+			if (ep != subs->sync_endpoint || ep->opened > 1)
+				return ep;
+		}
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/* additional hw constraints for implicit feedback mode */
+static int hw_rule_format_implicit_fb(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
+				      struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = rule->private;
+	const struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep;
+	struct snd_mask *fmt = hw_param_mask(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT);
+
+	ep = get_sync_ep_from_substream(subs);
+	if (!ep)
+		return 0;
+
+	hwc_debug("applying %s\n", __func__);
+	return apply_hw_params_format_bits(fmt, pcm_format_to_bits(ep->cur_format));
+}
+
+static int hw_rule_rate_implicit_fb(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
+				    struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = rule->private;
+	const struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep;
+	struct snd_interval *it;
+
+	ep = get_sync_ep_from_substream(subs);
+	if (!ep)
+		return 0;
+
+	hwc_debug("applying %s\n", __func__);
+	it = hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE);
+	return apply_hw_params_minmax(it, ep->cur_rate, ep->cur_rate);
+}
+
+static int hw_rule_period_size_implicit_fb(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
+					   struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = rule->private;
+	const struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep;
+	struct snd_interval *it;
+
+	ep = get_sync_ep_from_substream(subs);
+	if (!ep)
+		return 0;
+
+	hwc_debug("applying %s\n", __func__);
+	it = hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_SIZE);
+	return apply_hw_params_minmax(it, ep->cur_period_frames,
+				      ep->cur_period_frames);
+}
+
+static int hw_rule_periods_implicit_fb(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
+				       struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = rule->private;
+	const struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep;
+	struct snd_interval *it;
+
+	ep = get_sync_ep_from_substream(subs);
+	if (!ep)
+		return 0;
+
+	hwc_debug("applying %s\n", __func__);
+	it = hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIODS);
+	return apply_hw_params_minmax(it, ep->cur_buffer_periods,
+				      ep->cur_buffer_periods);
+}
+
+/*
+ * set up the runtime hardware information.
+ */
+
+static int setup_hw_info(struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime, struct snd_usb_substream *subs)
+{
+	const struct audioformat *fp;
+	unsigned int pt, ptmin;
+	int param_period_time_if_needed = -1;
+	int err;
+
+	runtime->hw.formats = subs->formats;
+
+	runtime->hw.rate_min = 0x7fffffff;
+	runtime->hw.rate_max = 0;
+	runtime->hw.channels_min = 256;
+	runtime->hw.channels_max = 0;
+	runtime->hw.rates = 0;
+	ptmin = UINT_MAX;
+	/* check min/max rates and channels */
+	list_for_each_entry(fp, &subs->fmt_list, list) {
+		runtime->hw.rates |= fp->rates;
+		if (runtime->hw.rate_min > fp->rate_min)
+			runtime->hw.rate_min = fp->rate_min;
+		if (runtime->hw.rate_max < fp->rate_max)
+			runtime->hw.rate_max = fp->rate_max;
+		if (runtime->hw.channels_min > fp->channels)
+			runtime->hw.channels_min = fp->channels;
+		if (runtime->hw.channels_max < fp->channels)
+			runtime->hw.channels_max = fp->channels;
+		if (fp->fmt_type == UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_II && fp->frame_size > 0) {
+			/* FIXME: there might be more than one audio formats... */
+			runtime->hw.period_bytes_min = runtime->hw.period_bytes_max =
+				fp->frame_size;
+		}
+		pt = 125 * (1 << fp->datainterval);
+		ptmin = min(ptmin, pt);
+	}
+
+	param_period_time_if_needed = SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_TIME;
+	if (subs->speed == USB_SPEED_FULL)
+		/* full speed devices have fixed data packet interval */
+		ptmin = 1000;
+	if (ptmin == 1000)
+		/* if period time doesn't go below 1 ms, no rules needed */
+		param_period_time_if_needed = -1;
+
+	err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_minmax(runtime,
+					   SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_TIME,
+					   ptmin, UINT_MAX);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE,
+				  hw_rule_rate, subs,
+				  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE,
+				  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT,
+				  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS,
+				  param_period_time_if_needed,
+				  -1);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS,
+				  hw_rule_channels, subs,
+				  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS,
+				  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT,
+				  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE,
+				  param_period_time_if_needed,
+				  -1);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT,
+				  hw_rule_format, subs,
+				  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT,
+				  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE,
+				  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS,
+				  param_period_time_if_needed,
+				  -1);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	if (param_period_time_if_needed >= 0) {
+		err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0,
+					  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_TIME,
+					  hw_rule_period_time, subs,
+					  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT,
+					  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS,
+					  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE,
+					  -1);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+	}
+
+	/* set max period and buffer sizes for 1 and 2 seconds, respectively */
+	err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_minmax(runtime,
+					   SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_TIME,
+					   0, 1000000);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_minmax(runtime,
+					   SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_TIME,
+					   0, 2000000);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	/* additional hw constraints for implicit fb */
+	err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT,
+				  hw_rule_format_implicit_fb, subs,
+				  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT, -1);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE,
+				  hw_rule_rate_implicit_fb, subs,
+				  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE, -1);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_SIZE,
+				  hw_rule_period_size_implicit_fb, subs,
+				  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_SIZE, -1);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIODS,
+				  hw_rule_periods_implicit_fb, subs,
+				  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIODS, -1);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	list_for_each_entry(fp, &subs->fmt_list, list) {
+		if (fp->implicit_fb) {
+			runtime->hw.info |= SNDRV_PCM_INFO_JOINT_DUPLEX;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_usb_pcm_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	int direction = substream->stream;
+	struct snd_usb_stream *as = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = &as->substream[direction];
+	int ret;
+
+	runtime->hw = snd_usb_hardware;
+	/* need an explicit sync to catch applptr update in low-latency mode */
+	if (direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK &&
+	    as->chip->lowlatency)
+		runtime->hw.info |= SNDRV_PCM_INFO_SYNC_APPLPTR;
+	runtime->private_data = subs;
+	subs->pcm_substream = substream;
+	/* runtime PM is also done there */
+
+	/* initialize DSD/DOP context */
+	subs->dsd_dop.byte_idx = 0;
+	subs->dsd_dop.channel = 0;
+	subs->dsd_dop.marker = 1;
+
+	ret = setup_hw_info(runtime, subs);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+	ret = snd_usb_autoresume(subs->stream->chip);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+	ret = snd_media_stream_init(subs, as->pcm, direction);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		snd_usb_autosuspend(subs->stream->chip);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int snd_usb_pcm_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	int direction = substream->stream;
+	struct snd_usb_stream *as = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = &as->substream[direction];
+	int ret;
+
+	snd_media_stop_pipeline(subs);
+
+	if (!snd_usb_lock_shutdown(subs->stream->chip)) {
+		ret = snd_usb_pcm_change_state(subs, UAC3_PD_STATE_D1);
+		snd_usb_unlock_shutdown(subs->stream->chip);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			return ret;
+	}
+
+	subs->pcm_substream = NULL;
+	snd_usb_autosuspend(subs->stream->chip);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* Since a URB can handle only a single linear buffer, we must use double
+ * buffering when the data to be transferred overflows the buffer boundary.
+ * To avoid inconsistencies when updating hwptr_done, we use double buffering
+ * for all URBs.
+ */
+static void retire_capture_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+			       struct urb *urb)
+{
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = subs->pcm_substream->runtime;
+	unsigned int stride, frames, bytes, oldptr;
+	int i, period_elapsed = 0;
+	unsigned long flags;
+	unsigned char *cp;
+	int current_frame_number;
+
+	/* read frame number here, update pointer in critical section */
+	current_frame_number = usb_get_current_frame_number(subs->dev);
+
+	stride = runtime->frame_bits >> 3;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < urb->number_of_packets; i++) {
+		cp = (unsigned char *)urb->transfer_buffer + urb->iso_frame_desc[i].offset + subs->pkt_offset_adj;
+		if (urb->iso_frame_desc[i].status && printk_ratelimit()) {
+			dev_dbg(&subs->dev->dev, "frame %d active: %d\n",
+				i, urb->iso_frame_desc[i].status);
+			// continue;
+		}
+		bytes = urb->iso_frame_desc[i].actual_length;
+		if (subs->stream_offset_adj > 0) {
+			unsigned int adj = min(subs->stream_offset_adj, bytes);
+			cp += adj;
+			bytes -= adj;
+			subs->stream_offset_adj -= adj;
+		}
+		frames = bytes / stride;
+		if (!subs->txfr_quirk)
+			bytes = frames * stride;
+		if (bytes % (runtime->sample_bits >> 3) != 0) {
+			int oldbytes = bytes;
+			bytes = frames * stride;
+			dev_warn_ratelimited(&subs->dev->dev,
+				 "Corrected urb data len. %d->%d\n",
+							oldbytes, bytes);
+		}
+		/* update the current pointer */
+		spin_lock_irqsave(&subs->lock, flags);
+		oldptr = subs->hwptr_done;
+		subs->hwptr_done += bytes;
+		if (subs->hwptr_done >= subs->buffer_bytes)
+			subs->hwptr_done -= subs->buffer_bytes;
+		frames = (bytes + (oldptr % stride)) / stride;
+		subs->transfer_done += frames;
+		if (subs->transfer_done >= runtime->period_size) {
+			subs->transfer_done -= runtime->period_size;
+			period_elapsed = 1;
+		}
+
+		/* realign last_frame_number */
+		subs->last_frame_number = current_frame_number;
+
+		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&subs->lock, flags);
+		/* copy a data chunk */
+		if (oldptr + bytes > subs->buffer_bytes) {
+			unsigned int bytes1 = subs->buffer_bytes - oldptr;
+
+			memcpy(runtime->dma_area + oldptr, cp, bytes1);
+			memcpy(runtime->dma_area, cp + bytes1, bytes - bytes1);
+		} else {
+			memcpy(runtime->dma_area + oldptr, cp, bytes);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (period_elapsed)
+		snd_pcm_period_elapsed(subs->pcm_substream);
+}
+
+static void urb_ctx_queue_advance(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+				  struct urb *urb, unsigned int bytes)
+{
+	struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
+
+	ctx->queued += bytes;
+	subs->inflight_bytes += bytes;
+	subs->hwptr_done += bytes;
+	if (subs->hwptr_done >= subs->buffer_bytes)
+		subs->hwptr_done -= subs->buffer_bytes;
+}
+
+static inline void fill_playback_urb_dsd_dop(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+					     struct urb *urb, unsigned int bytes)
+{
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = subs->pcm_substream->runtime;
+	unsigned int dst_idx = 0;
+	unsigned int src_idx = subs->hwptr_done;
+	unsigned int wrap = subs->buffer_bytes;
+	u8 *dst = urb->transfer_buffer;
+	u8 *src = runtime->dma_area;
+	static const u8 marker[] = { 0x05, 0xfa };
+	unsigned int queued = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * The DSP DOP format defines a way to transport DSD samples over
+	 * normal PCM data endpoints. It requires stuffing of marker bytes
+	 * (0x05 and 0xfa, alternating per sample frame), and then expects
+	 * 2 additional bytes of actual payload. The whole frame is stored
+	 * LSB.
+	 *
+	 * Hence, for a stereo transport, the buffer layout looks like this,
+	 * where L refers to left channel samples and R to right.
+	 *
+	 *   L1 L2 0x05   R1 R2 0x05   L3 L4 0xfa  R3 R4 0xfa
+	 *   L5 L6 0x05   R5 R6 0x05   L7 L8 0xfa  R7 R8 0xfa
+	 *   .....
+	 *
+	 */
+
+	while (bytes--) {
+		if (++subs->dsd_dop.byte_idx == 3) {
+			/* frame boundary? */
+			dst[dst_idx++] = marker[subs->dsd_dop.marker];
+			src_idx += 2;
+			subs->dsd_dop.byte_idx = 0;
+
+			if (++subs->dsd_dop.channel % runtime->channels == 0) {
+				/* alternate the marker */
+				subs->dsd_dop.marker++;
+				subs->dsd_dop.marker %= ARRAY_SIZE(marker);
+				subs->dsd_dop.channel = 0;
+			}
+		} else {
+			/* stuff the DSD payload */
+			int idx = (src_idx + subs->dsd_dop.byte_idx - 1) % wrap;
+
+			if (subs->cur_audiofmt->dsd_bitrev)
+				dst[dst_idx++] = bitrev8(src[idx]);
+			else
+				dst[dst_idx++] = src[idx];
+			queued++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	urb_ctx_queue_advance(subs, urb, queued);
+}
+
+/* copy bit-reversed bytes onto transfer buffer */
+static void fill_playback_urb_dsd_bitrev(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+					 struct urb *urb, unsigned int bytes)
+{
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = subs->pcm_substream->runtime;
+	const u8 *src = runtime->dma_area;
+	u8 *buf = urb->transfer_buffer;
+	int i, ofs = subs->hwptr_done;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < bytes; i++) {
+		*buf++ = bitrev8(src[ofs]);
+		if (++ofs >= subs->buffer_bytes)
+			ofs = 0;
+	}
+
+	urb_ctx_queue_advance(subs, urb, bytes);
+}
+
+static void copy_to_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, struct urb *urb,
+			int offset, int stride, unsigned int bytes)
+{
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = subs->pcm_substream->runtime;
+
+	if (subs->hwptr_done + bytes > subs->buffer_bytes) {
+		/* err, the transferred area goes over buffer boundary. */
+		unsigned int bytes1 = subs->buffer_bytes - subs->hwptr_done;
+
+		memcpy(urb->transfer_buffer + offset,
+		       runtime->dma_area + subs->hwptr_done, bytes1);
+		memcpy(urb->transfer_buffer + offset + bytes1,
+		       runtime->dma_area, bytes - bytes1);
+	} else {
+		memcpy(urb->transfer_buffer + offset,
+		       runtime->dma_area + subs->hwptr_done, bytes);
+	}
+
+	urb_ctx_queue_advance(subs, urb, bytes);
+}
+
+static unsigned int copy_to_urb_quirk(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+				      struct urb *urb, int stride,
+				      unsigned int bytes)
+{
+	__le32 packet_length;
+	int i;
+
+	/* Put __le32 length descriptor at start of each packet. */
+	for (i = 0; i < urb->number_of_packets; i++) {
+		unsigned int length = urb->iso_frame_desc[i].length;
+		unsigned int offset = urb->iso_frame_desc[i].offset;
+
+		packet_length = cpu_to_le32(length);
+		offset += i * sizeof(packet_length);
+		urb->iso_frame_desc[i].offset = offset;
+		urb->iso_frame_desc[i].length += sizeof(packet_length);
+		memcpy(urb->transfer_buffer + offset,
+		       &packet_length, sizeof(packet_length));
+		copy_to_urb(subs, urb, offset + sizeof(packet_length),
+			    stride, length);
+	}
+	/* Adjust transfer size accordingly. */
+	bytes += urb->number_of_packets * sizeof(packet_length);
+	return bytes;
+}
+
+static int prepare_playback_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+				struct urb *urb,
+				bool in_stream_lock)
+{
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = subs->pcm_substream->runtime;
+	struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep = subs->data_endpoint;
+	struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
+	unsigned int frames, bytes;
+	int counts;
+	unsigned int transfer_done, frame_limit, avail = 0;
+	int i, stride, period_elapsed = 0;
+	unsigned long flags;
+	int err = 0;
+
+	stride = ep->stride;
+
+	frames = 0;
+	ctx->queued = 0;
+	urb->number_of_packets = 0;
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&subs->lock, flags);
+	frame_limit = subs->frame_limit + ep->max_urb_frames;
+	transfer_done = subs->transfer_done;
+
+	if (subs->lowlatency_playback &&
+	    runtime->state != SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING) {
+		unsigned int hwptr = subs->hwptr_done / stride;
+
+		/* calculate the byte offset-in-buffer of the appl_ptr */
+		avail = (runtime->control->appl_ptr - runtime->hw_ptr_base)
+			% runtime->buffer_size;
+		if (avail <= hwptr)
+			avail += runtime->buffer_size;
+		avail -= hwptr;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ctx->packets; i++) {
+		counts = snd_usb_endpoint_next_packet_size(ep, ctx, i, avail);
+		if (counts < 0)
+			break;
+		/* set up descriptor */
+		urb->iso_frame_desc[i].offset = frames * stride;
+		urb->iso_frame_desc[i].length = counts * stride;
+		frames += counts;
+		avail -= counts;
+		urb->number_of_packets++;
+		transfer_done += counts;
+		if (transfer_done >= runtime->period_size) {
+			transfer_done -= runtime->period_size;
+			frame_limit = 0;
+			period_elapsed = 1;
+			if (subs->fmt_type == UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_II) {
+				if (transfer_done > 0) {
+					/* FIXME: fill-max mode is not
+					 * supported yet */
+					frames -= transfer_done;
+					counts -= transfer_done;
+					urb->iso_frame_desc[i].length =
+						counts * stride;
+					transfer_done = 0;
+				}
+				i++;
+				if (i < ctx->packets) {
+					/* add a transfer delimiter */
+					urb->iso_frame_desc[i].offset =
+						frames * stride;
+					urb->iso_frame_desc[i].length = 0;
+					urb->number_of_packets++;
+				}
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		/* finish at the period boundary or after enough frames */
+		if ((period_elapsed || transfer_done >= frame_limit) &&
+		    !snd_usb_endpoint_implicit_feedback_sink(ep))
+			break;
+	}
+
+	if (!frames) {
+		err = -EAGAIN;
+		goto unlock;
+	}
+
+	bytes = frames * stride;
+	subs->transfer_done = transfer_done;
+	subs->frame_limit = frame_limit;
+	if (unlikely(ep->cur_format == SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U16_LE &&
+		     subs->cur_audiofmt->dsd_dop)) {
+		fill_playback_urb_dsd_dop(subs, urb, bytes);
+	} else if (unlikely(ep->cur_format == SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U8 &&
+			   subs->cur_audiofmt->dsd_bitrev)) {
+		fill_playback_urb_dsd_bitrev(subs, urb, bytes);
+	} else {
+		/* usual PCM */
+		if (!subs->tx_length_quirk)
+			copy_to_urb(subs, urb, 0, stride, bytes);
+		else
+			bytes = copy_to_urb_quirk(subs, urb, stride, bytes);
+			/* bytes is now amount of outgoing data */
+	}
+
+	subs->last_frame_number = usb_get_current_frame_number(subs->dev);
+
+	if (subs->trigger_tstamp_pending_update) {
+		/* this is the first actual URB submitted,
+		 * update trigger timestamp to reflect actual start time
+		 */
+		snd_pcm_gettime(runtime, &runtime->trigger_tstamp);
+		subs->trigger_tstamp_pending_update = false;
+	}
+
+	if (period_elapsed && !subs->running && subs->lowlatency_playback) {
+		subs->period_elapsed_pending = 1;
+		period_elapsed = 0;
+	}
+
+ unlock:
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&subs->lock, flags);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	urb->transfer_buffer_length = bytes;
+	if (period_elapsed) {
+		if (in_stream_lock)
+			snd_pcm_period_elapsed_under_stream_lock(subs->pcm_substream);
+		else
+			snd_pcm_period_elapsed(subs->pcm_substream);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * process after playback data complete
+ * - decrease the delay count again
+ */
+static void retire_playback_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+			       struct urb *urb)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+	struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
+	bool period_elapsed = false;
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&subs->lock, flags);
+	if (ctx->queued) {
+		if (subs->inflight_bytes >= ctx->queued)
+			subs->inflight_bytes -= ctx->queued;
+		else
+			subs->inflight_bytes = 0;
+	}
+
+	subs->last_frame_number = usb_get_current_frame_number(subs->dev);
+	if (subs->running) {
+		period_elapsed = subs->period_elapsed_pending;
+		subs->period_elapsed_pending = 0;
+	}
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&subs->lock, flags);
+	if (period_elapsed)
+		snd_pcm_period_elapsed(subs->pcm_substream);
+}
+
+/* PCM ack callback for the playback stream;
+ * this plays a role only when the stream is running in low-latency mode.
+ */
+static int snd_usb_pcm_playback_ack(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = substream->runtime->private_data;
+	struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep;
+
+	if (!subs->lowlatency_playback || !subs->running)
+		return 0;
+	ep = subs->data_endpoint;
+	if (!ep)
+		return 0;
+	/* When no more in-flight URBs available, try to process the pending
+	 * outputs here
+	 */
+	if (!ep->active_mask)
+		return snd_usb_queue_pending_output_urbs(ep, true);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_usb_substream_playback_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+					      int cmd)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = substream->runtime->private_data;
+	int err;
+
+	switch (cmd) {
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
+		subs->trigger_tstamp_pending_update = true;
+		fallthrough;
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_RELEASE:
+		snd_usb_endpoint_set_callback(subs->data_endpoint,
+					      prepare_playback_urb,
+					      retire_playback_urb,
+					      subs);
+		if (subs->lowlatency_playback &&
+		    cmd == SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START) {
+			if (in_free_wheeling_mode(substream->runtime))
+				subs->lowlatency_playback = false;
+			err = start_endpoints(subs);
+			if (err < 0) {
+				snd_usb_endpoint_set_callback(subs->data_endpoint,
+							      NULL, NULL, NULL);
+				return err;
+			}
+		}
+		subs->running = 1;
+		dev_dbg(&subs->dev->dev, "%d:%d Start Playback PCM\n",
+			subs->cur_audiofmt->iface,
+			subs->cur_audiofmt->altsetting);
+		return 0;
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_SUSPEND:
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:
+		stop_endpoints(subs, substream->runtime->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING);
+		snd_usb_endpoint_set_callback(subs->data_endpoint,
+					      NULL, NULL, NULL);
+		subs->running = 0;
+		dev_dbg(&subs->dev->dev, "%d:%d Stop Playback PCM\n",
+			subs->cur_audiofmt->iface,
+			subs->cur_audiofmt->altsetting);
+		return 0;
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_PUSH:
+		/* keep retire_data_urb for delay calculation */
+		snd_usb_endpoint_set_callback(subs->data_endpoint,
+					      NULL,
+					      retire_playback_urb,
+					      subs);
+		subs->running = 0;
+		dev_dbg(&subs->dev->dev, "%d:%d Pause Playback PCM\n",
+			subs->cur_audiofmt->iface,
+			subs->cur_audiofmt->altsetting);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+static int snd_usb_substream_capture_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+					     int cmd)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = substream->runtime->private_data;
+
+	switch (cmd) {
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
+		err = start_endpoints(subs);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+		fallthrough;
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_RELEASE:
+		snd_usb_endpoint_set_callback(subs->data_endpoint,
+					      NULL, retire_capture_urb,
+					      subs);
+		subs->last_frame_number = usb_get_current_frame_number(subs->dev);
+		subs->running = 1;
+		dev_dbg(&subs->dev->dev, "%d:%d Start Capture PCM\n",
+			subs->cur_audiofmt->iface,
+			subs->cur_audiofmt->altsetting);
+		return 0;
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_SUSPEND:
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:
+		stop_endpoints(subs, false);
+		fallthrough;
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_PUSH:
+		snd_usb_endpoint_set_callback(subs->data_endpoint,
+					      NULL, NULL, NULL);
+		subs->running = 0;
+		dev_dbg(&subs->dev->dev, "%d:%d Stop Capture PCM\n",
+			subs->cur_audiofmt->iface,
+			subs->cur_audiofmt->altsetting);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+static const struct snd_pcm_ops snd_usb_playback_ops = {
+	.open =		snd_usb_pcm_open,
+	.close =	snd_usb_pcm_close,
+	.hw_params =	snd_usb_hw_params,
+	.hw_free =	snd_usb_hw_free,
+	.prepare =	snd_usb_pcm_prepare,
+	.trigger =	snd_usb_substream_playback_trigger,
+	.sync_stop =	snd_usb_pcm_sync_stop,
+	.pointer =	snd_usb_pcm_pointer,
+	.ack =		snd_usb_pcm_playback_ack,
+};
+
+static const struct snd_pcm_ops snd_usb_capture_ops = {
+	.open =		snd_usb_pcm_open,
+	.close =	snd_usb_pcm_close,
+	.hw_params =	snd_usb_hw_params,
+	.hw_free =	snd_usb_hw_free,
+	.prepare =	snd_usb_pcm_prepare,
+	.trigger =	snd_usb_substream_capture_trigger,
+	.sync_stop =	snd_usb_pcm_sync_stop,
+	.pointer =	snd_usb_pcm_pointer,
+};
+
+void snd_usb_set_pcm_ops(struct snd_pcm *pcm, int stream)
+{
+	const struct snd_pcm_ops *ops;
+
+	ops = stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK ?
+			&snd_usb_playback_ops : &snd_usb_capture_ops;
+	snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, stream, ops);
+}
+
+void snd_usb_preallocate_buffer(struct snd_usb_substream *subs)
+{
+	struct snd_pcm *pcm = subs->stream->pcm;
+	struct snd_pcm_substream *s = pcm->streams[subs->direction].substream;
+	struct device *dev = subs->dev->bus->sysdev;
+
+	if (snd_usb_use_vmalloc)
+		snd_pcm_set_managed_buffer(s, SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_VMALLOC,
+					   NULL, 0, 0);
+	else
+		snd_pcm_set_managed_buffer(s, SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV_SG,
+					   dev, 64*1024, 512*1024);
+}