Adding upstream version 6.1.76.upstream/6.1.76

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 2419 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/tools/bpf/bpftool/prog.c b/tools/bpf/bpftool/prog.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..41c02b6f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/bpf/bpftool/prog.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2419 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0-only OR BSD-2-Clause)
+/* Copyright (C) 2017-2018 Netronome Systems, Inc. */
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <net/if.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+
+#include <linux/err.h>
+#include <linux/perf_event.h>
+#include <linux/sizes.h>
+
+#include <bpf/bpf.h>
+#include <bpf/btf.h>
+#include <bpf/hashmap.h>
+#include <bpf/libbpf.h>
+#include <bpf/libbpf_internal.h>
+#include <bpf/skel_internal.h>
+
+#include "cfg.h"
+#include "main.h"
+#include "xlated_dumper.h"
+
+#define BPF_METADATA_PREFIX "bpf_metadata_"
+#define BPF_METADATA_PREFIX_LEN (sizeof(BPF_METADATA_PREFIX) - 1)
+
+enum dump_mode {
+	DUMP_JITED,
+	DUMP_XLATED,
+};
+
+static const bool attach_types[] = {
+	[BPF_SK_SKB_STREAM_PARSER] = true,
+	[BPF_SK_SKB_STREAM_VERDICT] = true,
+	[BPF_SK_SKB_VERDICT] = true,
+	[BPF_SK_MSG_VERDICT] = true,
+	[BPF_FLOW_DISSECTOR] = true,
+	[__MAX_BPF_ATTACH_TYPE] = false,
+};
+
+/* Textual representations traditionally used by the program and kept around
+ * for the sake of backwards compatibility.
+ */
+static const char * const attach_type_strings[] = {
+	[BPF_SK_SKB_STREAM_PARSER] = "stream_parser",
+	[BPF_SK_SKB_STREAM_VERDICT] = "stream_verdict",
+	[BPF_SK_SKB_VERDICT] = "skb_verdict",
+	[BPF_SK_MSG_VERDICT] = "msg_verdict",
+	[__MAX_BPF_ATTACH_TYPE] = NULL,
+};
+
+static struct hashmap *prog_table;
+
+static enum bpf_attach_type parse_attach_type(const char *str)
+{
+	enum bpf_attach_type type;
+
+	for (type = 0; type < __MAX_BPF_ATTACH_TYPE; type++) {
+		if (attach_types[type]) {
+			const char *attach_type_str;
+
+			attach_type_str = libbpf_bpf_attach_type_str(type);
+			if (!strcmp(str, attach_type_str))
+				return type;
+		}
+
+		if (attach_type_strings[type] &&
+		    is_prefix(str, attach_type_strings[type]))
+			return type;
+	}
+
+	return __MAX_BPF_ATTACH_TYPE;
+}
+
+static int prep_prog_info(struct bpf_prog_info *const info, enum dump_mode mode,
+			  void **info_data, size_t *const info_data_sz)
+{
+	struct bpf_prog_info holder = {};
+	size_t needed = 0;
+	void *ptr;
+
+	if (mode == DUMP_JITED) {
+		holder.jited_prog_len = info->jited_prog_len;
+		needed += info->jited_prog_len;
+	} else {
+		holder.xlated_prog_len = info->xlated_prog_len;
+		needed += info->xlated_prog_len;
+	}
+
+	holder.nr_jited_ksyms = info->nr_jited_ksyms;
+	needed += info->nr_jited_ksyms * sizeof(__u64);
+
+	holder.nr_jited_func_lens = info->nr_jited_func_lens;
+	needed += info->nr_jited_func_lens * sizeof(__u32);
+
+	holder.nr_func_info = info->nr_func_info;
+	holder.func_info_rec_size = info->func_info_rec_size;
+	needed += info->nr_func_info * info->func_info_rec_size;
+
+	holder.nr_line_info = info->nr_line_info;
+	holder.line_info_rec_size = info->line_info_rec_size;
+	needed += info->nr_line_info * info->line_info_rec_size;
+
+	holder.nr_jited_line_info = info->nr_jited_line_info;
+	holder.jited_line_info_rec_size = info->jited_line_info_rec_size;
+	needed += info->nr_jited_line_info * info->jited_line_info_rec_size;
+
+	if (needed > *info_data_sz) {
+		ptr = realloc(*info_data, needed);
+		if (!ptr)
+			return -1;
+
+		*info_data = ptr;
+		*info_data_sz = needed;
+	}
+	ptr = *info_data;
+
+	if (mode == DUMP_JITED) {
+		holder.jited_prog_insns = ptr_to_u64(ptr);
+		ptr += holder.jited_prog_len;
+	} else {
+		holder.xlated_prog_insns = ptr_to_u64(ptr);
+		ptr += holder.xlated_prog_len;
+	}
+
+	holder.jited_ksyms = ptr_to_u64(ptr);
+	ptr += holder.nr_jited_ksyms * sizeof(__u64);
+
+	holder.jited_func_lens = ptr_to_u64(ptr);
+	ptr += holder.nr_jited_func_lens * sizeof(__u32);
+
+	holder.func_info = ptr_to_u64(ptr);
+	ptr += holder.nr_func_info * holder.func_info_rec_size;
+
+	holder.line_info = ptr_to_u64(ptr);
+	ptr += holder.nr_line_info * holder.line_info_rec_size;
+
+	holder.jited_line_info = ptr_to_u64(ptr);
+	ptr += holder.nr_jited_line_info * holder.jited_line_info_rec_size;
+
+	*info = holder;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void print_boot_time(__u64 nsecs, char *buf, unsigned int size)
+{
+	struct timespec real_time_ts, boot_time_ts;
+	time_t wallclock_secs;
+	struct tm load_tm;
+
+	buf[--size] = '\0';
+
+	if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &real_time_ts) ||
+	    clock_gettime(CLOCK_BOOTTIME, &boot_time_ts)) {
+		perror("Can't read clocks");
+		snprintf(buf, size, "%llu", nsecs / 1000000000);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	wallclock_secs = (real_time_ts.tv_sec - boot_time_ts.tv_sec) +
+		(real_time_ts.tv_nsec - boot_time_ts.tv_nsec + nsecs) /
+		1000000000;
+
+
+	if (!localtime_r(&wallclock_secs, &load_tm)) {
+		snprintf(buf, size, "%llu", nsecs / 1000000000);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (json_output)
+		strftime(buf, size, "%s", &load_tm);
+	else
+		strftime(buf, size, "%FT%T%z", &load_tm);
+}
+
+static void show_prog_maps(int fd, __u32 num_maps)
+{
+	struct bpf_prog_info info = {};
+	__u32 len = sizeof(info);
+	__u32 map_ids[num_maps];
+	unsigned int i;
+	int err;
+
+	info.nr_map_ids = num_maps;
+	info.map_ids = ptr_to_u64(map_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(fd, &info, &len);
+	if (err || !info.nr_map_ids)
+		return;
+
+	if (json_output) {
+		jsonw_name(json_wtr, "map_ids");
+		jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);
+		for (i = 0; i < info.nr_map_ids; i++)
+			jsonw_uint(json_wtr, map_ids[i]);
+		jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);
+	} else {
+		printf("  map_ids ");
+		for (i = 0; i < info.nr_map_ids; i++)
+			printf("%u%s", map_ids[i],
+			       i == info.nr_map_ids - 1 ? "" : ",");
+	}
+}
+
+static void *find_metadata(int prog_fd, struct bpf_map_info *map_info)
+{
+	struct bpf_prog_info prog_info;
+	__u32 prog_info_len;
+	__u32 map_info_len;
+	void *value = NULL;
+	__u32 *map_ids;
+	int nr_maps;
+	int key = 0;
+	int map_fd;
+	int ret;
+	__u32 i;
+
+	memset(&prog_info, 0, sizeof(prog_info));
+	prog_info_len = sizeof(prog_info);
+	ret = bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(prog_fd, &prog_info, &prog_info_len);
+	if (ret)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (!prog_info.nr_map_ids)
+		return NULL;
+
+	map_ids = calloc(prog_info.nr_map_ids, sizeof(__u32));
+	if (!map_ids)
+		return NULL;
+
+	nr_maps = prog_info.nr_map_ids;
+	memset(&prog_info, 0, sizeof(prog_info));
+	prog_info.nr_map_ids = nr_maps;
+	prog_info.map_ids = ptr_to_u64(map_ids);
+	prog_info_len = sizeof(prog_info);
+
+	ret = bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(prog_fd, &prog_info, &prog_info_len);
+	if (ret)
+		goto free_map_ids;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < prog_info.nr_map_ids; i++) {
+		map_fd = bpf_map_get_fd_by_id(map_ids[i]);
+		if (map_fd < 0)
+			goto free_map_ids;
+
+		memset(map_info, 0, sizeof(*map_info));
+		map_info_len = sizeof(*map_info);
+		ret = bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(map_fd, map_info, &map_info_len);
+		if (ret < 0) {
+			close(map_fd);
+			goto free_map_ids;
+		}
+
+		if (map_info->type != BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY ||
+		    map_info->key_size != sizeof(int) ||
+		    map_info->max_entries != 1 ||
+		    !map_info->btf_value_type_id ||
+		    !strstr(map_info->name, ".rodata")) {
+			close(map_fd);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		value = malloc(map_info->value_size);
+		if (!value) {
+			close(map_fd);
+			goto free_map_ids;
+		}
+
+		if (bpf_map_lookup_elem(map_fd, &key, value)) {
+			close(map_fd);
+			free(value);
+			value = NULL;
+			goto free_map_ids;
+		}
+
+		close(map_fd);
+		break;
+	}
+
+free_map_ids:
+	free(map_ids);
+	return value;
+}
+
+static bool has_metadata_prefix(const char *s)
+{
+	return strncmp(s, BPF_METADATA_PREFIX, BPF_METADATA_PREFIX_LEN) == 0;
+}
+
+static void show_prog_metadata(int fd, __u32 num_maps)
+{
+	const struct btf_type *t_datasec, *t_var;
+	struct bpf_map_info map_info;
+	struct btf_var_secinfo *vsi;
+	bool printed_header = false;
+	unsigned int i, vlen;
+	void *value = NULL;
+	const char *name;
+	struct btf *btf;
+	int err;
+
+	if (!num_maps)
+		return;
+
+	memset(&map_info, 0, sizeof(map_info));
+	value = find_metadata(fd, &map_info);
+	if (!value)
+		return;
+
+	btf = btf__load_from_kernel_by_id(map_info.btf_id);
+	if (libbpf_get_error(btf))
+		goto out_free;
+
+	t_datasec = btf__type_by_id(btf, map_info.btf_value_type_id);
+	if (!btf_is_datasec(t_datasec))
+		goto out_free;
+
+	vlen = btf_vlen(t_datasec);
+	vsi = btf_var_secinfos(t_datasec);
+
+	/* We don't proceed to check the kinds of the elements of the DATASEC.
+	 * The verifier enforces them to be BTF_KIND_VAR.
+	 */
+
+	if (json_output) {
+		struct btf_dumper d = {
+			.btf = btf,
+			.jw = json_wtr,
+			.is_plain_text = false,
+		};
+
+		for (i = 0; i < vlen; i++, vsi++) {
+			t_var = btf__type_by_id(btf, vsi->type);
+			name = btf__name_by_offset(btf, t_var->name_off);
+
+			if (!has_metadata_prefix(name))
+				continue;
+
+			if (!printed_header) {
+				jsonw_name(json_wtr, "metadata");
+				jsonw_start_object(json_wtr);
+				printed_header = true;
+			}
+
+			jsonw_name(json_wtr, name + BPF_METADATA_PREFIX_LEN);
+			err = btf_dumper_type(&d, t_var->type, value + vsi->offset);
+			if (err) {
+				p_err("btf dump failed: %d", err);
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if (printed_header)
+			jsonw_end_object(json_wtr);
+	} else {
+		json_writer_t *btf_wtr;
+		struct btf_dumper d = {
+			.btf = btf,
+			.is_plain_text = true,
+		};
+
+		for (i = 0; i < vlen; i++, vsi++) {
+			t_var = btf__type_by_id(btf, vsi->type);
+			name = btf__name_by_offset(btf, t_var->name_off);
+
+			if (!has_metadata_prefix(name))
+				continue;
+
+			if (!printed_header) {
+				printf("\tmetadata:");
+
+				btf_wtr = jsonw_new(stdout);
+				if (!btf_wtr) {
+					p_err("jsonw alloc failed");
+					goto out_free;
+				}
+				d.jw = btf_wtr,
+
+				printed_header = true;
+			}
+
+			printf("\n\t\t%s = ", name + BPF_METADATA_PREFIX_LEN);
+
+			jsonw_reset(btf_wtr);
+			err = btf_dumper_type(&d, t_var->type, value + vsi->offset);
+			if (err) {
+				p_err("btf dump failed: %d", err);
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if (printed_header)
+			jsonw_destroy(&btf_wtr);
+	}
+
+out_free:
+	btf__free(btf);
+	free(value);
+}
+
+static void print_prog_header_json(struct bpf_prog_info *info, int fd)
+{
+	const char *prog_type_str;
+	char prog_name[MAX_PROG_FULL_NAME];
+
+	jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "id", info->id);
+	prog_type_str = libbpf_bpf_prog_type_str(info->type);
+
+	if (prog_type_str)
+		jsonw_string_field(json_wtr, "type", prog_type_str);
+	else
+		jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "type", info->type);
+
+	if (*info->name) {
+		get_prog_full_name(info, fd, prog_name, sizeof(prog_name));
+		jsonw_string_field(json_wtr, "name", prog_name);
+	}
+
+	jsonw_name(json_wtr, "tag");
+	jsonw_printf(json_wtr, "\"" BPF_TAG_FMT "\"",
+		     info->tag[0], info->tag[1], info->tag[2], info->tag[3],
+		     info->tag[4], info->tag[5], info->tag[6], info->tag[7]);
+
+	jsonw_bool_field(json_wtr, "gpl_compatible", info->gpl_compatible);
+	if (info->run_time_ns) {
+		jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "run_time_ns", info->run_time_ns);
+		jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "run_cnt", info->run_cnt);
+	}
+	if (info->recursion_misses)
+		jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "recursion_misses", info->recursion_misses);
+}
+
+static void print_prog_json(struct bpf_prog_info *info, int fd)
+{
+	char *memlock;
+
+	jsonw_start_object(json_wtr);
+	print_prog_header_json(info, fd);
+	print_dev_json(info->ifindex, info->netns_dev, info->netns_ino);
+
+	if (info->load_time) {
+		char buf[32];
+
+		print_boot_time(info->load_time, buf, sizeof(buf));
+
+		/* Piggy back on load_time, since 0 uid is a valid one */
+		jsonw_name(json_wtr, "loaded_at");
+		jsonw_printf(json_wtr, "%s", buf);
+		jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "uid", info->created_by_uid);
+	}
+
+	jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "bytes_xlated", info->xlated_prog_len);
+
+	if (info->jited_prog_len) {
+		jsonw_bool_field(json_wtr, "jited", true);
+		jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "bytes_jited", info->jited_prog_len);
+	} else {
+		jsonw_bool_field(json_wtr, "jited", false);
+	}
+
+	memlock = get_fdinfo(fd, "memlock");
+	if (memlock)
+		jsonw_int_field(json_wtr, "bytes_memlock", atoll(memlock));
+	free(memlock);
+
+	if (info->nr_map_ids)
+		show_prog_maps(fd, info->nr_map_ids);
+
+	if (info->btf_id)
+		jsonw_int_field(json_wtr, "btf_id", info->btf_id);
+
+	if (!hashmap__empty(prog_table)) {
+		struct hashmap_entry *entry;
+
+		jsonw_name(json_wtr, "pinned");
+		jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);
+		hashmap__for_each_key_entry(prog_table, entry,
+					    u32_as_hash_field(info->id))
+			jsonw_string(json_wtr, entry->value);
+		jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);
+	}
+
+	emit_obj_refs_json(refs_table, info->id, json_wtr);
+
+	show_prog_metadata(fd, info->nr_map_ids);
+
+	jsonw_end_object(json_wtr);
+}
+
+static void print_prog_header_plain(struct bpf_prog_info *info, int fd)
+{
+	const char *prog_type_str;
+	char prog_name[MAX_PROG_FULL_NAME];
+
+	printf("%u: ", info->id);
+	prog_type_str = libbpf_bpf_prog_type_str(info->type);
+	if (prog_type_str)
+		printf("%s  ", prog_type_str);
+	else
+		printf("type %u  ", info->type);
+
+	if (*info->name) {
+		get_prog_full_name(info, fd, prog_name, sizeof(prog_name));
+		printf("name %s  ", prog_name);
+	}
+
+	printf("tag ");
+	fprint_hex(stdout, info->tag, BPF_TAG_SIZE, "");
+	print_dev_plain(info->ifindex, info->netns_dev, info->netns_ino);
+	printf("%s", info->gpl_compatible ? "  gpl" : "");
+	if (info->run_time_ns)
+		printf(" run_time_ns %lld run_cnt %lld",
+		       info->run_time_ns, info->run_cnt);
+	if (info->recursion_misses)
+		printf(" recursion_misses %lld", info->recursion_misses);
+	printf("\n");
+}
+
+static void print_prog_plain(struct bpf_prog_info *info, int fd)
+{
+	char *memlock;
+
+	print_prog_header_plain(info, fd);
+
+	if (info->load_time) {
+		char buf[32];
+
+		print_boot_time(info->load_time, buf, sizeof(buf));
+
+		/* Piggy back on load_time, since 0 uid is a valid one */
+		printf("\tloaded_at %s  uid %u\n", buf, info->created_by_uid);
+	}
+
+	printf("\txlated %uB", info->xlated_prog_len);
+
+	if (info->jited_prog_len)
+		printf("  jited %uB", info->jited_prog_len);
+	else
+		printf("  not jited");
+
+	memlock = get_fdinfo(fd, "memlock");
+	if (memlock)
+		printf("  memlock %sB", memlock);
+	free(memlock);
+
+	if (info->nr_map_ids)
+		show_prog_maps(fd, info->nr_map_ids);
+
+	if (!hashmap__empty(prog_table)) {
+		struct hashmap_entry *entry;
+
+		hashmap__for_each_key_entry(prog_table, entry,
+					    u32_as_hash_field(info->id))
+			printf("\n\tpinned %s", (char *)entry->value);
+	}
+
+	if (info->btf_id)
+		printf("\n\tbtf_id %d", info->btf_id);
+
+	emit_obj_refs_plain(refs_table, info->id, "\n\tpids ");
+
+	printf("\n");
+
+	show_prog_metadata(fd, info->nr_map_ids);
+}
+
+static int show_prog(int fd)
+{
+	struct bpf_prog_info info = {};
+	__u32 len = sizeof(info);
+	int err;
+
+	err = bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(fd, &info, &len);
+	if (err) {
+		p_err("can't get prog info: %s", strerror(errno));
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (json_output)
+		print_prog_json(&info, fd);
+	else
+		print_prog_plain(&info, fd);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int do_show_subset(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	int *fds = NULL;
+	int nb_fds, i;
+	int err = -1;
+
+	fds = malloc(sizeof(int));
+	if (!fds) {
+		p_err("mem alloc failed");
+		return -1;
+	}
+	nb_fds = prog_parse_fds(&argc, &argv, &fds);
+	if (nb_fds < 1)
+		goto exit_free;
+
+	if (json_output && nb_fds > 1)
+		jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);	/* root array */
+	for (i = 0; i < nb_fds; i++) {
+		err = show_prog(fds[i]);
+		if (err) {
+			for (; i < nb_fds; i++)
+				close(fds[i]);
+			break;
+		}
+		close(fds[i]);
+	}
+	if (json_output && nb_fds > 1)
+		jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);	/* root array */
+
+exit_free:
+	free(fds);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int do_show(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	__u32 id = 0;
+	int err;
+	int fd;
+
+	if (show_pinned) {
+		prog_table = hashmap__new(hash_fn_for_key_as_id,
+					  equal_fn_for_key_as_id, NULL);
+		if (IS_ERR(prog_table)) {
+			p_err("failed to create hashmap for pinned paths");
+			return -1;
+		}
+		build_pinned_obj_table(prog_table, BPF_OBJ_PROG);
+	}
+	build_obj_refs_table(&refs_table, BPF_OBJ_PROG);
+
+	if (argc == 2)
+		return do_show_subset(argc, argv);
+
+	if (argc)
+		return BAD_ARG();
+
+	if (json_output)
+		jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);
+	while (true) {
+		err = bpf_prog_get_next_id(id, &id);
+		if (err) {
+			if (errno == ENOENT) {
+				err = 0;
+				break;
+			}
+			p_err("can't get next program: %s%s", strerror(errno),
+			      errno == EINVAL ? " -- kernel too old?" : "");
+			err = -1;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		fd = bpf_prog_get_fd_by_id(id);
+		if (fd < 0) {
+			if (errno == ENOENT)
+				continue;
+			p_err("can't get prog by id (%u): %s",
+			      id, strerror(errno));
+			err = -1;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		err = show_prog(fd);
+		close(fd);
+		if (err)
+			break;
+	}
+
+	if (json_output)
+		jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);
+
+	delete_obj_refs_table(refs_table);
+
+	if (show_pinned)
+		delete_pinned_obj_table(prog_table);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int
+prog_dump(struct bpf_prog_info *info, enum dump_mode mode,
+	  char *filepath, bool opcodes, bool visual, bool linum)
+{
+	struct bpf_prog_linfo *prog_linfo = NULL;
+	const char *disasm_opt = NULL;
+	struct dump_data dd = {};
+	void *func_info = NULL;
+	struct btf *btf = NULL;
+	char func_sig[1024];
+	unsigned char *buf;
+	__u32 member_len;
+	int fd, err = -1;
+	ssize_t n;
+
+	if (mode == DUMP_JITED) {
+		if (info->jited_prog_len == 0 || !info->jited_prog_insns) {
+			p_info("no instructions returned");
+			return -1;
+		}
+		buf = u64_to_ptr(info->jited_prog_insns);
+		member_len = info->jited_prog_len;
+	} else {	/* DUMP_XLATED */
+		if (info->xlated_prog_len == 0 || !info->xlated_prog_insns) {
+			p_err("error retrieving insn dump: kernel.kptr_restrict set?");
+			return -1;
+		}
+		buf = u64_to_ptr(info->xlated_prog_insns);
+		member_len = info->xlated_prog_len;
+	}
+
+	if (info->btf_id) {
+		btf = btf__load_from_kernel_by_id(info->btf_id);
+		if (libbpf_get_error(btf)) {
+			p_err("failed to get btf");
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	func_info = u64_to_ptr(info->func_info);
+
+	if (info->nr_line_info) {
+		prog_linfo = bpf_prog_linfo__new(info);
+		if (!prog_linfo)
+			p_info("error in processing bpf_line_info.  continue without it.");
+	}
+
+	if (filepath) {
+		fd = open(filepath, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0600);
+		if (fd < 0) {
+			p_err("can't open file %s: %s", filepath,
+			      strerror(errno));
+			goto exit_free;
+		}
+
+		n = write(fd, buf, member_len);
+		close(fd);
+		if (n != (ssize_t)member_len) {
+			p_err("error writing output file: %s",
+			      n < 0 ? strerror(errno) : "short write");
+			goto exit_free;
+		}
+
+		if (json_output)
+			jsonw_null(json_wtr);
+	} else if (mode == DUMP_JITED) {
+		const char *name = NULL;
+
+		if (info->ifindex) {
+			name = ifindex_to_bfd_params(info->ifindex,
+						     info->netns_dev,
+						     info->netns_ino,
+						     &disasm_opt);
+			if (!name)
+				goto exit_free;
+		}
+
+		if (info->nr_jited_func_lens && info->jited_func_lens) {
+			struct kernel_sym *sym = NULL;
+			struct bpf_func_info *record;
+			char sym_name[SYM_MAX_NAME];
+			unsigned char *img = buf;
+			__u64 *ksyms = NULL;
+			__u32 *lens;
+			__u32 i;
+			if (info->nr_jited_ksyms) {
+				kernel_syms_load(&dd);
+				ksyms = u64_to_ptr(info->jited_ksyms);
+			}
+
+			if (json_output)
+				jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);
+
+			lens = u64_to_ptr(info->jited_func_lens);
+			for (i = 0; i < info->nr_jited_func_lens; i++) {
+				if (ksyms) {
+					sym = kernel_syms_search(&dd, ksyms[i]);
+					if (sym)
+						sprintf(sym_name, "%s", sym->name);
+					else
+						sprintf(sym_name, "0x%016llx", ksyms[i]);
+				} else {
+					strcpy(sym_name, "unknown");
+				}
+
+				if (func_info) {
+					record = func_info + i * info->func_info_rec_size;
+					btf_dumper_type_only(btf, record->type_id,
+							     func_sig,
+							     sizeof(func_sig));
+				}
+
+				if (json_output) {
+					jsonw_start_object(json_wtr);
+					if (func_info && func_sig[0] != '\0') {
+						jsonw_name(json_wtr, "proto");
+						jsonw_string(json_wtr, func_sig);
+					}
+					jsonw_name(json_wtr, "name");
+					jsonw_string(json_wtr, sym_name);
+					jsonw_name(json_wtr, "insns");
+				} else {
+					if (func_info && func_sig[0] != '\0')
+						printf("%s:\n", func_sig);
+					printf("%s:\n", sym_name);
+				}
+
+				disasm_print_insn(img, lens[i], opcodes,
+						  name, disasm_opt, btf,
+						  prog_linfo, ksyms[i], i,
+						  linum);
+
+				img += lens[i];
+
+				if (json_output)
+					jsonw_end_object(json_wtr);
+				else
+					printf("\n");
+			}
+
+			if (json_output)
+				jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);
+		} else {
+			disasm_print_insn(buf, member_len, opcodes, name,
+					  disasm_opt, btf, NULL, 0, 0, false);
+		}
+	} else if (visual) {
+		if (json_output)
+			jsonw_null(json_wtr);
+		else
+			dump_xlated_cfg(buf, member_len);
+	} else {
+		kernel_syms_load(&dd);
+		dd.nr_jited_ksyms = info->nr_jited_ksyms;
+		dd.jited_ksyms = u64_to_ptr(info->jited_ksyms);
+		dd.btf = btf;
+		dd.func_info = func_info;
+		dd.finfo_rec_size = info->func_info_rec_size;
+		dd.prog_linfo = prog_linfo;
+
+		if (json_output)
+			dump_xlated_json(&dd, buf, member_len, opcodes,
+					 linum);
+		else
+			dump_xlated_plain(&dd, buf, member_len, opcodes,
+					  linum);
+		kernel_syms_destroy(&dd);
+	}
+
+	err = 0;
+
+exit_free:
+	btf__free(btf);
+	bpf_prog_linfo__free(prog_linfo);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int do_dump(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	struct bpf_prog_info info;
+	__u32 info_len = sizeof(info);
+	size_t info_data_sz = 0;
+	void *info_data = NULL;
+	char *filepath = NULL;
+	bool opcodes = false;
+	bool visual = false;
+	enum dump_mode mode;
+	bool linum = false;
+	int nb_fds, i = 0;
+	int *fds = NULL;
+	int err = -1;
+
+	if (is_prefix(*argv, "jited")) {
+		if (disasm_init())
+			return -1;
+		mode = DUMP_JITED;
+	} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "xlated")) {
+		mode = DUMP_XLATED;
+	} else {
+		p_err("expected 'xlated' or 'jited', got: %s", *argv);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	NEXT_ARG();
+
+	if (argc < 2)
+		usage();
+
+	fds = malloc(sizeof(int));
+	if (!fds) {
+		p_err("mem alloc failed");
+		return -1;
+	}
+	nb_fds = prog_parse_fds(&argc, &argv, &fds);
+	if (nb_fds < 1)
+		goto exit_free;
+
+	if (is_prefix(*argv, "file")) {
+		NEXT_ARG();
+		if (!argc) {
+			p_err("expected file path");
+			goto exit_close;
+		}
+		if (nb_fds > 1) {
+			p_err("several programs matched");
+			goto exit_close;
+		}
+
+		filepath = *argv;
+		NEXT_ARG();
+	} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "opcodes")) {
+		opcodes = true;
+		NEXT_ARG();
+	} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "visual")) {
+		if (nb_fds > 1) {
+			p_err("several programs matched");
+			goto exit_close;
+		}
+
+		visual = true;
+		NEXT_ARG();
+	} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "linum")) {
+		linum = true;
+		NEXT_ARG();
+	}
+
+	if (argc) {
+		usage();
+		goto exit_close;
+	}
+
+	if (json_output && nb_fds > 1)
+		jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);	/* root array */
+	for (i = 0; i < nb_fds; i++) {
+		memset(&info, 0, sizeof(info));
+
+		err = bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(fds[i], &info, &info_len);
+		if (err) {
+			p_err("can't get prog info: %s", strerror(errno));
+			break;
+		}
+
+		err = prep_prog_info(&info, mode, &info_data, &info_data_sz);
+		if (err) {
+			p_err("can't grow prog info_data");
+			break;
+		}
+
+		err = bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(fds[i], &info, &info_len);
+		if (err) {
+			p_err("can't get prog info: %s", strerror(errno));
+			break;
+		}
+
+		if (json_output && nb_fds > 1) {
+			jsonw_start_object(json_wtr);	/* prog object */
+			print_prog_header_json(&info, fds[i]);
+			jsonw_name(json_wtr, "insns");
+		} else if (nb_fds > 1) {
+			print_prog_header_plain(&info, fds[i]);
+		}
+
+		err = prog_dump(&info, mode, filepath, opcodes, visual, linum);
+
+		if (json_output && nb_fds > 1)
+			jsonw_end_object(json_wtr);	/* prog object */
+		else if (i != nb_fds - 1 && nb_fds > 1)
+			printf("\n");
+
+		if (err)
+			break;
+		close(fds[i]);
+	}
+	if (json_output && nb_fds > 1)
+		jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);	/* root array */
+
+exit_close:
+	for (; i < nb_fds; i++)
+		close(fds[i]);
+exit_free:
+	free(info_data);
+	free(fds);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int do_pin(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	err = do_pin_any(argc, argv, prog_parse_fd);
+	if (!err && json_output)
+		jsonw_null(json_wtr);
+	return err;
+}
+
+struct map_replace {
+	int idx;
+	int fd;
+	char *name;
+};
+
+static int map_replace_compar(const void *p1, const void *p2)
+{
+	const struct map_replace *a = p1, *b = p2;
+
+	return a->idx - b->idx;
+}
+
+static int parse_attach_detach_args(int argc, char **argv, int *progfd,
+				    enum bpf_attach_type *attach_type,
+				    int *mapfd)
+{
+	if (!REQ_ARGS(3))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	*progfd = prog_parse_fd(&argc, &argv);
+	if (*progfd < 0)
+		return *progfd;
+
+	*attach_type = parse_attach_type(*argv);
+	if (*attach_type == __MAX_BPF_ATTACH_TYPE) {
+		p_err("invalid attach/detach type");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if (*attach_type == BPF_FLOW_DISSECTOR) {
+		*mapfd = 0;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	NEXT_ARG();
+	if (!REQ_ARGS(2))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	*mapfd = map_parse_fd(&argc, &argv);
+	if (*mapfd < 0)
+		return *mapfd;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int do_attach(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	enum bpf_attach_type attach_type;
+	int err, progfd;
+	int mapfd;
+
+	err = parse_attach_detach_args(argc, argv,
+				       &progfd, &attach_type, &mapfd);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach(progfd, mapfd, attach_type, 0);
+	if (err) {
+		p_err("failed prog attach to map");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if (json_output)
+		jsonw_null(json_wtr);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int do_detach(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	enum bpf_attach_type attach_type;
+	int err, progfd;
+	int mapfd;
+
+	err = parse_attach_detach_args(argc, argv,
+				       &progfd, &attach_type, &mapfd);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	err = bpf_prog_detach2(progfd, mapfd, attach_type);
+	if (err) {
+		p_err("failed prog detach from map");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if (json_output)
+		jsonw_null(json_wtr);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int check_single_stdin(char *file_data_in, char *file_ctx_in)
+{
+	if (file_data_in && file_ctx_in &&
+	    !strcmp(file_data_in, "-") && !strcmp(file_ctx_in, "-")) {
+		p_err("cannot use standard input for both data_in and ctx_in");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_run_data(const char *fname, void **data_ptr, unsigned int *size)
+{
+	size_t block_size = 256;
+	size_t buf_size = block_size;
+	size_t nb_read = 0;
+	void *tmp;
+	FILE *f;
+
+	if (!fname) {
+		*data_ptr = NULL;
+		*size = 0;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(fname, "-"))
+		f = stdin;
+	else
+		f = fopen(fname, "r");
+	if (!f) {
+		p_err("failed to open %s: %s", fname, strerror(errno));
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	*data_ptr = malloc(block_size);
+	if (!*data_ptr) {
+		p_err("failed to allocate memory for data_in/ctx_in: %s",
+		      strerror(errno));
+		goto err_fclose;
+	}
+
+	while ((nb_read += fread(*data_ptr + nb_read, 1, block_size, f))) {
+		if (feof(f))
+			break;
+		if (ferror(f)) {
+			p_err("failed to read data_in/ctx_in from %s: %s",
+			      fname, strerror(errno));
+			goto err_free;
+		}
+		if (nb_read > buf_size - block_size) {
+			if (buf_size == UINT32_MAX) {
+				p_err("data_in/ctx_in is too long (max: %d)",
+				      UINT32_MAX);
+				goto err_free;
+			}
+			/* No space for fread()-ing next chunk; realloc() */
+			buf_size *= 2;
+			tmp = realloc(*data_ptr, buf_size);
+			if (!tmp) {
+				p_err("failed to reallocate data_in/ctx_in: %s",
+				      strerror(errno));
+				goto err_free;
+			}
+			*data_ptr = tmp;
+		}
+	}
+	if (f != stdin)
+		fclose(f);
+
+	*size = nb_read;
+	return 0;
+
+err_free:
+	free(*data_ptr);
+	*data_ptr = NULL;
+err_fclose:
+	if (f != stdin)
+		fclose(f);
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static void hex_print(void *data, unsigned int size, FILE *f)
+{
+	size_t i, j;
+	char c;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < size; i += 16) {
+		/* Row offset */
+		fprintf(f, "%07zx\t", i);
+
+		/* Hexadecimal values */
+		for (j = i; j < i + 16 && j < size; j++)
+			fprintf(f, "%02x%s", *(uint8_t *)(data + j),
+				j % 2 ? " " : "");
+		for (; j < i + 16; j++)
+			fprintf(f, "  %s", j % 2 ? " " : "");
+
+		/* ASCII values (if relevant), '.' otherwise */
+		fprintf(f, "| ");
+		for (j = i; j < i + 16 && j < size; j++) {
+			c = *(char *)(data + j);
+			if (c < ' ' || c > '~')
+				c = '.';
+			fprintf(f, "%c%s", c, j == i + 7 ? " " : "");
+		}
+
+		fprintf(f, "\n");
+	}
+}
+
+static int
+print_run_output(void *data, unsigned int size, const char *fname,
+		 const char *json_key)
+{
+	size_t nb_written;
+	FILE *f;
+
+	if (!fname)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!strcmp(fname, "-")) {
+		f = stdout;
+		if (json_output) {
+			jsonw_name(json_wtr, json_key);
+			print_data_json(data, size);
+		} else {
+			hex_print(data, size, f);
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	f = fopen(fname, "w");
+	if (!f) {
+		p_err("failed to open %s: %s", fname, strerror(errno));
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	nb_written = fwrite(data, 1, size, f);
+	fclose(f);
+	if (nb_written != size) {
+		p_err("failed to write output data/ctx: %s", strerror(errno));
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int alloc_run_data(void **data_ptr, unsigned int size_out)
+{
+	*data_ptr = calloc(size_out, 1);
+	if (!*data_ptr) {
+		p_err("failed to allocate memory for output data/ctx: %s",
+		      strerror(errno));
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int do_run(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	char *data_fname_in = NULL, *data_fname_out = NULL;
+	char *ctx_fname_in = NULL, *ctx_fname_out = NULL;
+	const unsigned int default_size = SZ_32K;
+	void *data_in = NULL, *data_out = NULL;
+	void *ctx_in = NULL, *ctx_out = NULL;
+	unsigned int repeat = 1;
+	int fd, err;
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_test_run_opts, test_attr);
+
+	if (!REQ_ARGS(4))
+		return -1;
+
+	fd = prog_parse_fd(&argc, &argv);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	while (argc) {
+		if (detect_common_prefix(*argv, "data_in", "data_out",
+					 "data_size_out", NULL))
+			return -1;
+		if (detect_common_prefix(*argv, "ctx_in", "ctx_out",
+					 "ctx_size_out", NULL))
+			return -1;
+
+		if (is_prefix(*argv, "data_in")) {
+			NEXT_ARG();
+			if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
+				return -1;
+
+			data_fname_in = GET_ARG();
+			if (check_single_stdin(data_fname_in, ctx_fname_in))
+				return -1;
+		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "data_out")) {
+			NEXT_ARG();
+			if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
+				return -1;
+
+			data_fname_out = GET_ARG();
+		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "data_size_out")) {
+			char *endptr;
+
+			NEXT_ARG();
+			if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
+				return -1;
+
+			test_attr.data_size_out = strtoul(*argv, &endptr, 0);
+			if (*endptr) {
+				p_err("can't parse %s as output data size",
+				      *argv);
+				return -1;
+			}
+			NEXT_ARG();
+		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "ctx_in")) {
+			NEXT_ARG();
+			if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
+				return -1;
+
+			ctx_fname_in = GET_ARG();
+			if (check_single_stdin(data_fname_in, ctx_fname_in))
+				return -1;
+		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "ctx_out")) {
+			NEXT_ARG();
+			if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
+				return -1;
+
+			ctx_fname_out = GET_ARG();
+		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "ctx_size_out")) {
+			char *endptr;
+
+			NEXT_ARG();
+			if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
+				return -1;
+
+			test_attr.ctx_size_out = strtoul(*argv, &endptr, 0);
+			if (*endptr) {
+				p_err("can't parse %s as output context size",
+				      *argv);
+				return -1;
+			}
+			NEXT_ARG();
+		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "repeat")) {
+			char *endptr;
+
+			NEXT_ARG();
+			if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
+				return -1;
+
+			repeat = strtoul(*argv, &endptr, 0);
+			if (*endptr) {
+				p_err("can't parse %s as repeat number",
+				      *argv);
+				return -1;
+			}
+			NEXT_ARG();
+		} else {
+			p_err("expected no more arguments, 'data_in', 'data_out', 'data_size_out', 'ctx_in', 'ctx_out', 'ctx_size_out' or 'repeat', got: '%s'?",
+			      *argv);
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	err = get_run_data(data_fname_in, &data_in, &test_attr.data_size_in);
+	if (err)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (data_in) {
+		if (!test_attr.data_size_out)
+			test_attr.data_size_out = default_size;
+		err = alloc_run_data(&data_out, test_attr.data_size_out);
+		if (err)
+			goto free_data_in;
+	}
+
+	err = get_run_data(ctx_fname_in, &ctx_in, &test_attr.ctx_size_in);
+	if (err)
+		goto free_data_out;
+
+	if (ctx_in) {
+		if (!test_attr.ctx_size_out)
+			test_attr.ctx_size_out = default_size;
+		err = alloc_run_data(&ctx_out, test_attr.ctx_size_out);
+		if (err)
+			goto free_ctx_in;
+	}
+
+	test_attr.repeat	= repeat;
+	test_attr.data_in	= data_in;
+	test_attr.data_out	= data_out;
+	test_attr.ctx_in	= ctx_in;
+	test_attr.ctx_out	= ctx_out;
+
+	err = bpf_prog_test_run_opts(fd, &test_attr);
+	if (err) {
+		p_err("failed to run program: %s", strerror(errno));
+		goto free_ctx_out;
+	}
+
+	err = 0;
+
+	if (json_output)
+		jsonw_start_object(json_wtr);	/* root */
+
+	/* Do not exit on errors occurring when printing output data/context,
+	 * we still want to print return value and duration for program run.
+	 */
+	if (test_attr.data_size_out)
+		err += print_run_output(test_attr.data_out,
+					test_attr.data_size_out,
+					data_fname_out, "data_out");
+	if (test_attr.ctx_size_out)
+		err += print_run_output(test_attr.ctx_out,
+					test_attr.ctx_size_out,
+					ctx_fname_out, "ctx_out");
+
+	if (json_output) {
+		jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "retval", test_attr.retval);
+		jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "duration", test_attr.duration);
+		jsonw_end_object(json_wtr);	/* root */
+	} else {
+		fprintf(stdout, "Return value: %u, duration%s: %uns\n",
+			test_attr.retval,
+			repeat > 1 ? " (average)" : "", test_attr.duration);
+	}
+
+free_ctx_out:
+	free(ctx_out);
+free_ctx_in:
+	free(ctx_in);
+free_data_out:
+	free(data_out);
+free_data_in:
+	free(data_in);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int
+get_prog_type_by_name(const char *name, enum bpf_prog_type *prog_type,
+		      enum bpf_attach_type *expected_attach_type)
+{
+	libbpf_print_fn_t print_backup;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = libbpf_prog_type_by_name(name, prog_type, expected_attach_type);
+	if (!ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	/* libbpf_prog_type_by_name() failed, let's re-run with debug level */
+	print_backup = libbpf_set_print(print_all_levels);
+	ret = libbpf_prog_type_by_name(name, prog_type, expected_attach_type);
+	libbpf_set_print(print_backup);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int load_with_options(int argc, char **argv, bool first_prog_only)
+{
+	enum bpf_prog_type common_prog_type = BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC;
+	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_object_open_opts, open_opts,
+		.relaxed_maps = relaxed_maps,
+	);
+	enum bpf_attach_type expected_attach_type;
+	struct map_replace *map_replace = NULL;
+	struct bpf_program *prog = NULL, *pos;
+	unsigned int old_map_fds = 0;
+	const char *pinmaps = NULL;
+	struct bpf_object *obj;
+	struct bpf_map *map;
+	const char *pinfile;
+	unsigned int i, j;
+	__u32 ifindex = 0;
+	const char *file;
+	int idx, err;
+
+
+	if (!REQ_ARGS(2))
+		return -1;
+	file = GET_ARG();
+	pinfile = GET_ARG();
+
+	while (argc) {
+		if (is_prefix(*argv, "type")) {
+			NEXT_ARG();
+
+			if (common_prog_type != BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC) {
+				p_err("program type already specified");
+				goto err_free_reuse_maps;
+			}
+			if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
+				goto err_free_reuse_maps;
+
+			err = libbpf_prog_type_by_name(*argv, &common_prog_type,
+						       &expected_attach_type);
+			if (err < 0) {
+				/* Put a '/' at the end of type to appease libbpf */
+				char *type = malloc(strlen(*argv) + 2);
+
+				if (!type) {
+					p_err("mem alloc failed");
+					goto err_free_reuse_maps;
+				}
+				*type = 0;
+				strcat(type, *argv);
+				strcat(type, "/");
+
+				err = get_prog_type_by_name(type, &common_prog_type,
+							    &expected_attach_type);
+				free(type);
+				if (err < 0)
+					goto err_free_reuse_maps;
+			}
+
+			NEXT_ARG();
+		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "map")) {
+			void *new_map_replace;
+			char *endptr, *name;
+			int fd;
+
+			NEXT_ARG();
+
+			if (!REQ_ARGS(4))
+				goto err_free_reuse_maps;
+
+			if (is_prefix(*argv, "idx")) {
+				NEXT_ARG();
+
+				idx = strtoul(*argv, &endptr, 0);
+				if (*endptr) {
+					p_err("can't parse %s as IDX", *argv);
+					goto err_free_reuse_maps;
+				}
+				name = NULL;
+			} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "name")) {
+				NEXT_ARG();
+
+				name = *argv;
+				idx = -1;
+			} else {
+				p_err("expected 'idx' or 'name', got: '%s'?",
+				      *argv);
+				goto err_free_reuse_maps;
+			}
+			NEXT_ARG();
+
+			fd = map_parse_fd(&argc, &argv);
+			if (fd < 0)
+				goto err_free_reuse_maps;
+
+			new_map_replace = libbpf_reallocarray(map_replace,
+							      old_map_fds + 1,
+							      sizeof(*map_replace));
+			if (!new_map_replace) {
+				p_err("mem alloc failed");
+				goto err_free_reuse_maps;
+			}
+			map_replace = new_map_replace;
+
+			map_replace[old_map_fds].idx = idx;
+			map_replace[old_map_fds].name = name;
+			map_replace[old_map_fds].fd = fd;
+			old_map_fds++;
+		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "dev")) {
+			NEXT_ARG();
+
+			if (ifindex) {
+				p_err("offload device already specified");
+				goto err_free_reuse_maps;
+			}
+			if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
+				goto err_free_reuse_maps;
+
+			ifindex = if_nametoindex(*argv);
+			if (!ifindex) {
+				p_err("unrecognized netdevice '%s': %s",
+				      *argv, strerror(errno));
+				goto err_free_reuse_maps;
+			}
+			NEXT_ARG();
+		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "pinmaps")) {
+			NEXT_ARG();
+
+			if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
+				goto err_free_reuse_maps;
+
+			pinmaps = GET_ARG();
+		} else {
+			p_err("expected no more arguments, 'type', 'map' or 'dev', got: '%s'?",
+			      *argv);
+			goto err_free_reuse_maps;
+		}
+	}
+
+	set_max_rlimit();
+
+	if (verifier_logs)
+		/* log_level1 + log_level2 + stats, but not stable UAPI */
+		open_opts.kernel_log_level = 1 + 2 + 4;
+
+	obj = bpf_object__open_file(file, &open_opts);
+	if (libbpf_get_error(obj)) {
+		p_err("failed to open object file");
+		goto err_free_reuse_maps;
+	}
+
+	bpf_object__for_each_program(pos, obj) {
+		enum bpf_prog_type prog_type = common_prog_type;
+
+		if (prog_type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC) {
+			const char *sec_name = bpf_program__section_name(pos);
+
+			err = get_prog_type_by_name(sec_name, &prog_type,
+						    &expected_attach_type);
+			if (err < 0)
+				goto err_close_obj;
+		}
+
+		bpf_program__set_ifindex(pos, ifindex);
+		bpf_program__set_type(pos, prog_type);
+		bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(pos, expected_attach_type);
+	}
+
+	qsort(map_replace, old_map_fds, sizeof(*map_replace),
+	      map_replace_compar);
+
+	/* After the sort maps by name will be first on the list, because they
+	 * have idx == -1.  Resolve them.
+	 */
+	j = 0;
+	while (j < old_map_fds && map_replace[j].name) {
+		i = 0;
+		bpf_object__for_each_map(map, obj) {
+			if (!strcmp(bpf_map__name(map), map_replace[j].name)) {
+				map_replace[j].idx = i;
+				break;
+			}
+			i++;
+		}
+		if (map_replace[j].idx == -1) {
+			p_err("unable to find map '%s'", map_replace[j].name);
+			goto err_close_obj;
+		}
+		j++;
+	}
+	/* Resort if any names were resolved */
+	if (j)
+		qsort(map_replace, old_map_fds, sizeof(*map_replace),
+		      map_replace_compar);
+
+	/* Set ifindex and name reuse */
+	j = 0;
+	idx = 0;
+	bpf_object__for_each_map(map, obj) {
+		if (bpf_map__type(map) != BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY)
+			bpf_map__set_ifindex(map, ifindex);
+
+		if (j < old_map_fds && idx == map_replace[j].idx) {
+			err = bpf_map__reuse_fd(map, map_replace[j++].fd);
+			if (err) {
+				p_err("unable to set up map reuse: %d", err);
+				goto err_close_obj;
+			}
+
+			/* Next reuse wants to apply to the same map */
+			if (j < old_map_fds && map_replace[j].idx == idx) {
+				p_err("replacement for map idx %d specified more than once",
+				      idx);
+				goto err_close_obj;
+			}
+		}
+
+		idx++;
+	}
+	if (j < old_map_fds) {
+		p_err("map idx '%d' not used", map_replace[j].idx);
+		goto err_close_obj;
+	}
+
+	err = bpf_object__load(obj);
+	if (err) {
+		p_err("failed to load object file");
+		goto err_close_obj;
+	}
+
+	err = mount_bpffs_for_pin(pinfile);
+	if (err)
+		goto err_close_obj;
+
+	if (first_prog_only) {
+		prog = bpf_object__next_program(obj, NULL);
+		if (!prog) {
+			p_err("object file doesn't contain any bpf program");
+			goto err_close_obj;
+		}
+
+		err = bpf_obj_pin(bpf_program__fd(prog), pinfile);
+		if (err) {
+			p_err("failed to pin program %s",
+			      bpf_program__section_name(prog));
+			goto err_close_obj;
+		}
+	} else {
+		err = bpf_object__pin_programs(obj, pinfile);
+		if (err) {
+			p_err("failed to pin all programs");
+			goto err_close_obj;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (pinmaps) {
+		err = bpf_object__pin_maps(obj, pinmaps);
+		if (err) {
+			p_err("failed to pin all maps");
+			goto err_unpin;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (json_output)
+		jsonw_null(json_wtr);
+
+	bpf_object__close(obj);
+	for (i = 0; i < old_map_fds; i++)
+		close(map_replace[i].fd);
+	free(map_replace);
+
+	return 0;
+
+err_unpin:
+	if (first_prog_only)
+		unlink(pinfile);
+	else
+		bpf_object__unpin_programs(obj, pinfile);
+err_close_obj:
+	if (!legacy_libbpf) {
+		p_info("Warning: bpftool is now running in libbpf strict mode and has more stringent requirements about BPF programs.\n"
+		       "If it used to work for this object file but now doesn't, see --legacy option for more details.\n");
+	}
+
+	bpf_object__close(obj);
+err_free_reuse_maps:
+	for (i = 0; i < old_map_fds; i++)
+		close(map_replace[i].fd);
+	free(map_replace);
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static int count_open_fds(void)
+{
+	DIR *dp = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
+	struct dirent *de;
+	int cnt = -3;
+
+	if (!dp)
+		return -1;
+
+	while ((de = readdir(dp)))
+		cnt++;
+
+	closedir(dp);
+	return cnt;
+}
+
+static int try_loader(struct gen_loader_opts *gen)
+{
+	struct bpf_load_and_run_opts opts = {};
+	struct bpf_loader_ctx *ctx;
+	int ctx_sz = sizeof(*ctx) + 64 * max(sizeof(struct bpf_map_desc),
+					     sizeof(struct bpf_prog_desc));
+	int log_buf_sz = (1u << 24) - 1;
+	int err, fds_before, fd_delta;
+	char *log_buf = NULL;
+
+	ctx = alloca(ctx_sz);
+	memset(ctx, 0, ctx_sz);
+	ctx->sz = ctx_sz;
+	if (verifier_logs) {
+		ctx->log_level = 1 + 2 + 4;
+		ctx->log_size = log_buf_sz;
+		log_buf = malloc(log_buf_sz);
+		if (!log_buf)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+		ctx->log_buf = (long) log_buf;
+	}
+	opts.ctx = ctx;
+	opts.data = gen->data;
+	opts.data_sz = gen->data_sz;
+	opts.insns = gen->insns;
+	opts.insns_sz = gen->insns_sz;
+	fds_before = count_open_fds();
+	err = bpf_load_and_run(&opts);
+	fd_delta = count_open_fds() - fds_before;
+	if (err < 0 || verifier_logs) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "err %d\n%s\n%s", err, opts.errstr, log_buf);
+		if (fd_delta && err < 0)
+			fprintf(stderr, "loader prog leaked %d FDs\n",
+				fd_delta);
+	}
+	free(log_buf);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int do_loader(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_object_open_opts, open_opts);
+	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(gen_loader_opts, gen);
+	struct bpf_object *obj;
+	const char *file;
+	int err = 0;
+
+	if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
+		return -1;
+	file = GET_ARG();
+
+	if (verifier_logs)
+		/* log_level1 + log_level2 + stats, but not stable UAPI */
+		open_opts.kernel_log_level = 1 + 2 + 4;
+
+	obj = bpf_object__open_file(file, &open_opts);
+	if (libbpf_get_error(obj)) {
+		p_err("failed to open object file");
+		goto err_close_obj;
+	}
+
+	err = bpf_object__gen_loader(obj, &gen);
+	if (err)
+		goto err_close_obj;
+
+	err = bpf_object__load(obj);
+	if (err) {
+		p_err("failed to load object file");
+		goto err_close_obj;
+	}
+
+	if (verifier_logs) {
+		struct dump_data dd = {};
+
+		kernel_syms_load(&dd);
+		dump_xlated_plain(&dd, (void *)gen.insns, gen.insns_sz, false, false);
+		kernel_syms_destroy(&dd);
+	}
+	err = try_loader(&gen);
+err_close_obj:
+	bpf_object__close(obj);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int do_load(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	if (use_loader)
+		return do_loader(argc, argv);
+	return load_with_options(argc, argv, true);
+}
+
+static int do_loadall(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	return load_with_options(argc, argv, false);
+}
+
+#ifdef BPFTOOL_WITHOUT_SKELETONS
+
+static int do_profile(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	p_err("bpftool prog profile command is not supported. Please build bpftool with clang >= 10.0.0");
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#else /* BPFTOOL_WITHOUT_SKELETONS */
+
+#include "profiler.skel.h"
+
+struct profile_metric {
+	const char *name;
+	struct bpf_perf_event_value val;
+	struct perf_event_attr attr;
+	bool selected;
+
+	/* calculate ratios like instructions per cycle */
+	const int ratio_metric; /* 0 for N/A, 1 for index 0 (cycles) */
+	const char *ratio_desc;
+	const float ratio_mul;
+} metrics[] = {
+	{
+		.name = "cycles",
+		.attr = {
+			.type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE,
+			.config = PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES,
+			.exclude_user = 1,
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		.name = "instructions",
+		.attr = {
+			.type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE,
+			.config = PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS,
+			.exclude_user = 1,
+		},
+		.ratio_metric = 1,
+		.ratio_desc = "insns per cycle",
+		.ratio_mul = 1.0,
+	},
+	{
+		.name = "l1d_loads",
+		.attr = {
+			.type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
+			.config =
+				PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D |
+				(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ << 8) |
+				(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS << 16),
+			.exclude_user = 1,
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		.name = "llc_misses",
+		.attr = {
+			.type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
+			.config =
+				PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL |
+				(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ << 8) |
+				(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS << 16),
+			.exclude_user = 1
+		},
+		.ratio_metric = 2,
+		.ratio_desc = "LLC misses per million insns",
+		.ratio_mul = 1e6,
+	},
+	{
+		.name = "itlb_misses",
+		.attr = {
+			.type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
+			.config =
+				PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_ITLB |
+				(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ << 8) |
+				(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS << 16),
+			.exclude_user = 1
+		},
+		.ratio_metric = 2,
+		.ratio_desc = "itlb misses per million insns",
+		.ratio_mul = 1e6,
+	},
+	{
+		.name = "dtlb_misses",
+		.attr = {
+			.type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
+			.config =
+				PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_DTLB |
+				(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ << 8) |
+				(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS << 16),
+			.exclude_user = 1
+		},
+		.ratio_metric = 2,
+		.ratio_desc = "dtlb misses per million insns",
+		.ratio_mul = 1e6,
+	},
+};
+
+static __u64 profile_total_count;
+
+#define MAX_NUM_PROFILE_METRICS 4
+
+static int profile_parse_metrics(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	unsigned int metric_cnt;
+	int selected_cnt = 0;
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	metric_cnt = ARRAY_SIZE(metrics);
+
+	while (argc > 0) {
+		for (i = 0; i < metric_cnt; i++) {
+			if (is_prefix(argv[0], metrics[i].name)) {
+				if (!metrics[i].selected)
+					selected_cnt++;
+				metrics[i].selected = true;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if (i == metric_cnt) {
+			p_err("unknown metric %s", argv[0]);
+			return -1;
+		}
+		NEXT_ARG();
+	}
+	if (selected_cnt > MAX_NUM_PROFILE_METRICS) {
+		p_err("too many (%d) metrics, please specify no more than %d metrics at at time",
+		      selected_cnt, MAX_NUM_PROFILE_METRICS);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return selected_cnt;
+}
+
+static void profile_read_values(struct profiler_bpf *obj)
+{
+	__u32 m, cpu, num_cpu = obj->rodata->num_cpu;
+	int reading_map_fd, count_map_fd;
+	__u64 counts[num_cpu];
+	__u32 key = 0;
+	int err;
+
+	reading_map_fd = bpf_map__fd(obj->maps.accum_readings);
+	count_map_fd = bpf_map__fd(obj->maps.counts);
+	if (reading_map_fd < 0 || count_map_fd < 0) {
+		p_err("failed to get fd for map");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	err = bpf_map_lookup_elem(count_map_fd, &key, counts);
+	if (err) {
+		p_err("failed to read count_map: %s", strerror(errno));
+		return;
+	}
+
+	profile_total_count = 0;
+	for (cpu = 0; cpu < num_cpu; cpu++)
+		profile_total_count += counts[cpu];
+
+	for (m = 0; m < ARRAY_SIZE(metrics); m++) {
+		struct bpf_perf_event_value values[num_cpu];
+
+		if (!metrics[m].selected)
+			continue;
+
+		err = bpf_map_lookup_elem(reading_map_fd, &key, values);
+		if (err) {
+			p_err("failed to read reading_map: %s",
+			      strerror(errno));
+			return;
+		}
+		for (cpu = 0; cpu < num_cpu; cpu++) {
+			metrics[m].val.counter += values[cpu].counter;
+			metrics[m].val.enabled += values[cpu].enabled;
+			metrics[m].val.running += values[cpu].running;
+		}
+		key++;
+	}
+}
+
+static void profile_print_readings_json(void)
+{
+	__u32 m;
+
+	jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);
+	for (m = 0; m < ARRAY_SIZE(metrics); m++) {
+		if (!metrics[m].selected)
+			continue;
+		jsonw_start_object(json_wtr);
+		jsonw_string_field(json_wtr, "metric", metrics[m].name);
+		jsonw_lluint_field(json_wtr, "run_cnt", profile_total_count);
+		jsonw_lluint_field(json_wtr, "value", metrics[m].val.counter);
+		jsonw_lluint_field(json_wtr, "enabled", metrics[m].val.enabled);
+		jsonw_lluint_field(json_wtr, "running", metrics[m].val.running);
+
+		jsonw_end_object(json_wtr);
+	}
+	jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);
+}
+
+static void profile_print_readings_plain(void)
+{
+	__u32 m;
+
+	printf("\n%18llu %-20s\n", profile_total_count, "run_cnt");
+	for (m = 0; m < ARRAY_SIZE(metrics); m++) {
+		struct bpf_perf_event_value *val = &metrics[m].val;
+		int r;
+
+		if (!metrics[m].selected)
+			continue;
+		printf("%18llu %-20s", val->counter, metrics[m].name);
+
+		r = metrics[m].ratio_metric - 1;
+		if (r >= 0 && metrics[r].selected &&
+		    metrics[r].val.counter > 0) {
+			printf("# %8.2f %-30s",
+			       val->counter * metrics[m].ratio_mul /
+			       metrics[r].val.counter,
+			       metrics[m].ratio_desc);
+		} else {
+			printf("%-41s", "");
+		}
+
+		if (val->enabled > val->running)
+			printf("(%4.2f%%)",
+			       val->running * 100.0 / val->enabled);
+		printf("\n");
+	}
+}
+
+static void profile_print_readings(void)
+{
+	if (json_output)
+		profile_print_readings_json();
+	else
+		profile_print_readings_plain();
+}
+
+static char *profile_target_name(int tgt_fd)
+{
+	struct bpf_func_info func_info;
+	struct bpf_prog_info info = {};
+	__u32 info_len = sizeof(info);
+	const struct btf_type *t;
+	__u32 func_info_rec_size;
+	struct btf *btf = NULL;
+	char *name = NULL;
+	int err;
+
+	err = bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(tgt_fd, &info, &info_len);
+	if (err) {
+		p_err("failed to bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd for prog FD %d", tgt_fd);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (info.btf_id == 0) {
+		p_err("prog FD %d doesn't have valid btf", tgt_fd);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	func_info_rec_size = info.func_info_rec_size;
+	if (info.nr_func_info == 0) {
+		p_err("bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd for prog FD %d found 0 func_info", tgt_fd);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	memset(&info, 0, sizeof(info));
+	info.nr_func_info = 1;
+	info.func_info_rec_size = func_info_rec_size;
+	info.func_info = ptr_to_u64(&func_info);
+
+	err = bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(tgt_fd, &info, &info_len);
+	if (err) {
+		p_err("failed to get func_info for prog FD %d", tgt_fd);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	btf = btf__load_from_kernel_by_id(info.btf_id);
+	if (libbpf_get_error(btf)) {
+		p_err("failed to load btf for prog FD %d", tgt_fd);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	t = btf__type_by_id(btf, func_info.type_id);
+	if (!t) {
+		p_err("btf %d doesn't have type %d",
+		      info.btf_id, func_info.type_id);
+		goto out;
+	}
+	name = strdup(btf__name_by_offset(btf, t->name_off));
+out:
+	btf__free(btf);
+	return name;
+}
+
+static struct profiler_bpf *profile_obj;
+static int profile_tgt_fd = -1;
+static char *profile_tgt_name;
+static int *profile_perf_events;
+static int profile_perf_event_cnt;
+
+static void profile_close_perf_events(struct profiler_bpf *obj)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = profile_perf_event_cnt - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+		close(profile_perf_events[i]);
+
+	free(profile_perf_events);
+	profile_perf_event_cnt = 0;
+}
+
+static int profile_open_perf_event(int mid, int cpu, int map_fd)
+{
+	int pmu_fd;
+
+	pmu_fd = syscall(__NR_perf_event_open, &metrics[mid].attr,
+			 -1 /*pid*/, cpu, -1 /*group_fd*/, 0);
+	if (pmu_fd < 0) {
+		if (errno == ENODEV) {
+			p_info("cpu %d may be offline, skip %s profiling.",
+				cpu, metrics[mid].name);
+			profile_perf_event_cnt++;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (bpf_map_update_elem(map_fd,
+				&profile_perf_event_cnt,
+				&pmu_fd, BPF_ANY) ||
+	    ioctl(pmu_fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE, 0)) {
+		close(pmu_fd);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	profile_perf_events[profile_perf_event_cnt++] = pmu_fd;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int profile_open_perf_events(struct profiler_bpf *obj)
+{
+	unsigned int cpu, m;
+	int map_fd;
+
+	profile_perf_events = calloc(
+		sizeof(int), obj->rodata->num_cpu * obj->rodata->num_metric);
+	if (!profile_perf_events) {
+		p_err("failed to allocate memory for perf_event array: %s",
+		      strerror(errno));
+		return -1;
+	}
+	map_fd = bpf_map__fd(obj->maps.events);
+	if (map_fd < 0) {
+		p_err("failed to get fd for events map");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	for (m = 0; m < ARRAY_SIZE(metrics); m++) {
+		if (!metrics[m].selected)
+			continue;
+		for (cpu = 0; cpu < obj->rodata->num_cpu; cpu++) {
+			if (profile_open_perf_event(m, cpu, map_fd)) {
+				p_err("failed to create event %s on cpu %d",
+				      metrics[m].name, cpu);
+				return -1;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void profile_print_and_cleanup(void)
+{
+	profile_close_perf_events(profile_obj);
+	profile_read_values(profile_obj);
+	profile_print_readings();
+	profiler_bpf__destroy(profile_obj);
+
+	close(profile_tgt_fd);
+	free(profile_tgt_name);
+}
+
+static void int_exit(int signo)
+{
+	profile_print_and_cleanup();
+	exit(0);
+}
+
+static int do_profile(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	int num_metric, num_cpu, err = -1;
+	struct bpf_program *prog;
+	unsigned long duration;
+	char *endptr;
+
+	/* we at least need two args for the prog and one metric */
+	if (!REQ_ARGS(3))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* parse target fd */
+	profile_tgt_fd = prog_parse_fd(&argc, &argv);
+	if (profile_tgt_fd < 0) {
+		p_err("failed to parse fd");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	/* parse profiling optional duration */
+	if (argc > 2 && is_prefix(argv[0], "duration")) {
+		NEXT_ARG();
+		duration = strtoul(*argv, &endptr, 0);
+		if (*endptr)
+			usage();
+		NEXT_ARG();
+	} else {
+		duration = UINT_MAX;
+	}
+
+	num_metric = profile_parse_metrics(argc, argv);
+	if (num_metric <= 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	num_cpu = libbpf_num_possible_cpus();
+	if (num_cpu <= 0) {
+		p_err("failed to identify number of CPUs");
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	profile_obj = profiler_bpf__open();
+	if (!profile_obj) {
+		p_err("failed to open and/or load BPF object");
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	profile_obj->rodata->num_cpu = num_cpu;
+	profile_obj->rodata->num_metric = num_metric;
+
+	/* adjust map sizes */
+	bpf_map__set_max_entries(profile_obj->maps.events, num_metric * num_cpu);
+	bpf_map__set_max_entries(profile_obj->maps.fentry_readings, num_metric);
+	bpf_map__set_max_entries(profile_obj->maps.accum_readings, num_metric);
+	bpf_map__set_max_entries(profile_obj->maps.counts, 1);
+
+	/* change target name */
+	profile_tgt_name = profile_target_name(profile_tgt_fd);
+	if (!profile_tgt_name)
+		goto out;
+
+	bpf_object__for_each_program(prog, profile_obj->obj) {
+		err = bpf_program__set_attach_target(prog, profile_tgt_fd,
+						     profile_tgt_name);
+		if (err) {
+			p_err("failed to set attach target\n");
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	set_max_rlimit();
+	err = profiler_bpf__load(profile_obj);
+	if (err) {
+		p_err("failed to load profile_obj");
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	err = profile_open_perf_events(profile_obj);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	err = profiler_bpf__attach(profile_obj);
+	if (err) {
+		p_err("failed to attach profile_obj");
+		goto out;
+	}
+	signal(SIGINT, int_exit);
+
+	sleep(duration);
+	profile_print_and_cleanup();
+	return 0;
+
+out:
+	profile_close_perf_events(profile_obj);
+	if (profile_obj)
+		profiler_bpf__destroy(profile_obj);
+	close(profile_tgt_fd);
+	free(profile_tgt_name);
+	return err;
+}
+
+#endif /* BPFTOOL_WITHOUT_SKELETONS */
+
+static int do_help(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	if (json_output) {
+		jsonw_null(json_wtr);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	fprintf(stderr,
+		"Usage: %1$s %2$s { show | list } [PROG]\n"
+		"       %1$s %2$s dump xlated PROG [{ file FILE | opcodes | visual | linum }]\n"
+		"       %1$s %2$s dump jited  PROG [{ file FILE | opcodes | linum }]\n"
+		"       %1$s %2$s pin   PROG FILE\n"
+		"       %1$s %2$s { load | loadall } OBJ  PATH \\\n"
+		"                         [type TYPE] [dev NAME] \\\n"
+		"                         [map { idx IDX | name NAME } MAP]\\\n"
+		"                         [pinmaps MAP_DIR]\n"
+		"       %1$s %2$s attach PROG ATTACH_TYPE [MAP]\n"
+		"       %1$s %2$s detach PROG ATTACH_TYPE [MAP]\n"
+		"       %1$s %2$s run PROG \\\n"
+		"                         data_in FILE \\\n"
+		"                         [data_out FILE [data_size_out L]] \\\n"
+		"                         [ctx_in FILE [ctx_out FILE [ctx_size_out M]]] \\\n"
+		"                         [repeat N]\n"
+		"       %1$s %2$s profile PROG [duration DURATION] METRICs\n"
+		"       %1$s %2$s tracelog\n"
+		"       %1$s %2$s help\n"
+		"\n"
+		"       " HELP_SPEC_MAP "\n"
+		"       " HELP_SPEC_PROGRAM "\n"
+		"       TYPE := { socket | kprobe | kretprobe | classifier | action |\n"
+		"                 tracepoint | raw_tracepoint | xdp | perf_event | cgroup/skb |\n"
+		"                 cgroup/sock | cgroup/dev | lwt_in | lwt_out | lwt_xmit |\n"
+		"                 lwt_seg6local | sockops | sk_skb | sk_msg | lirc_mode2 |\n"
+		"                 sk_reuseport | flow_dissector | cgroup/sysctl |\n"
+		"                 cgroup/bind4 | cgroup/bind6 | cgroup/post_bind4 |\n"
+		"                 cgroup/post_bind6 | cgroup/connect4 | cgroup/connect6 |\n"
+		"                 cgroup/getpeername4 | cgroup/getpeername6 |\n"
+		"                 cgroup/getsockname4 | cgroup/getsockname6 | cgroup/sendmsg4 |\n"
+		"                 cgroup/sendmsg6 | cgroup/recvmsg4 | cgroup/recvmsg6 |\n"
+		"                 cgroup/getsockopt | cgroup/setsockopt | cgroup/sock_release |\n"
+		"                 struct_ops | fentry | fexit | freplace | sk_lookup }\n"
+		"       ATTACH_TYPE := { sk_msg_verdict | sk_skb_verdict | sk_skb_stream_verdict |\n"
+		"                        sk_skb_stream_parser | flow_dissector }\n"
+		"       METRIC := { cycles | instructions | l1d_loads | llc_misses | itlb_misses | dtlb_misses }\n"
+		"       " HELP_SPEC_OPTIONS " |\n"
+		"                    {-f|--bpffs} | {-m|--mapcompat} | {-n|--nomount} |\n"
+		"                    {-L|--use-loader} }\n"
+		"",
+		bin_name, argv[-2]);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static const struct cmd cmds[] = {
+	{ "show",	do_show },
+	{ "list",	do_show },
+	{ "help",	do_help },
+	{ "dump",	do_dump },
+	{ "pin",	do_pin },
+	{ "load",	do_load },
+	{ "loadall",	do_loadall },
+	{ "attach",	do_attach },
+	{ "detach",	do_detach },
+	{ "tracelog",	do_tracelog },
+	{ "run",	do_run },
+	{ "profile",	do_profile },
+	{ 0 }
+};
+
+int do_prog(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	return cmd_select(cmds, argc, argv, do_help);
+}