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diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/reg-file-data-sampling.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/reg-file-data-sampling.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0585d02b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/reg-file-data-sampling.rst @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ +================================== +Register File Data Sampling (RFDS) +================================== + +Register File Data Sampling (RFDS) is a microarchitectural vulnerability that +only affects Intel Atom parts(also branded as E-cores). RFDS may allow +a malicious actor to infer data values previously used in floating point +registers, vector registers, or integer registers. RFDS does not provide the +ability to choose which data is inferred. CVE-2023-28746 is assigned to RFDS. + +Affected Processors +=================== +Below is the list of affected Intel processors [#f1]_: + + =================== ============ + Common name Family_Model + =================== ============ + ATOM_GOLDMONT 06_5CH + ATOM_GOLDMONT_D 06_5FH + ATOM_GOLDMONT_PLUS 06_7AH + ATOM_TREMONT_D 06_86H + ATOM_TREMONT 06_96H + ALDERLAKE 06_97H + ALDERLAKE_L 06_9AH + ATOM_TREMONT_L 06_9CH + RAPTORLAKE 06_B7H + RAPTORLAKE_P 06_BAH + ATOM_GRACEMONT 06_BEH + RAPTORLAKE_S 06_BFH + =================== ============ + +As an exception to this table, Intel Xeon E family parts ALDERLAKE(06_97H) and +RAPTORLAKE(06_B7H) codenamed Catlow are not affected. They are reported as +vulnerable in Linux because they share the same family/model with an affected +part. Unlike their affected counterparts, they do not enumerate RFDS_CLEAR or +CPUID.HYBRID. This information could be used to distinguish between the +affected and unaffected parts, but it is deemed not worth adding complexity as +the reporting is fixed automatically when these parts enumerate RFDS_NO. + +Mitigation +========== +Intel released a microcode update that enables software to clear sensitive +information using the VERW instruction. Like MDS, RFDS deploys the same +mitigation strategy to force the CPU to clear the affected buffers before an +attacker can extract the secrets. This is achieved by using the otherwise +unused and obsolete VERW instruction in combination with a microcode update. +The microcode clears the affected CPU buffers when the VERW instruction is +executed. + +Mitigation points +----------------- +VERW is executed by the kernel before returning to user space, and by KVM +before VMentry. None of the affected cores support SMT, so VERW is not required +at C-state transitions. + +New bits in IA32_ARCH_CAPABILITIES +---------------------------------- +Newer processors and microcode update on existing affected processors added new +bits to IA32_ARCH_CAPABILITIES MSR. These bits can be used to enumerate +vulnerability and mitigation capability: + +- Bit 27 - RFDS_NO - When set, processor is not affected by RFDS. +- Bit 28 - RFDS_CLEAR - When set, processor is affected by RFDS, and has the + microcode that clears the affected buffers on VERW execution. + +Mitigation control on the kernel command line +--------------------------------------------- +The kernel command line allows to control RFDS mitigation at boot time with the +parameter "reg_file_data_sampling=". The valid arguments are: + + ========== ================================================================= + on If the CPU is vulnerable, enable mitigation; CPU buffer clearing + on exit to userspace and before entering a VM. + off Disables mitigation. + ========== ================================================================= + +Mitigation default is selected by CONFIG_MITIGATION_RFDS. + +Mitigation status information +----------------------------- +The Linux kernel provides a sysfs interface to enumerate the current +vulnerability status of the system: whether the system is vulnerable, and +which mitigations are active. The relevant sysfs file is: + + /sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/reg_file_data_sampling + +The possible values in this file are: + + .. list-table:: + + * - 'Not affected' + - The processor is not vulnerable + * - 'Vulnerable' + - The processor is vulnerable, but no mitigation enabled + * - 'Vulnerable: No microcode' + - The processor is vulnerable but microcode is not updated. + * - 'Mitigation: Clear Register File' + - The processor is vulnerable and the CPU buffer clearing mitigation is + enabled. + +References +---------- +.. [#f1] Affected Processors + https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/topic-technology/software-security-guidance/processors-affected-consolidated-product-cpu-model.html |