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diff --git a/debian/additions/innotop/innotop.1 b/debian/additions/innotop/innotop.1 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..62a9aed6 --- /dev/null +++ b/debian/additions/innotop/innotop.1 @@ -0,0 +1,2200 @@ +.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.28 (Pod::Simple 3.28) +.\" +.\" Standard preamble: +.\" ======================================================================== +.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) +.if t .sp .5v +.if n .sp +.. +.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text +.ft CW +.nf +.ne \\$1 +.. +.de Ve \" End verbatim text +.ft R +.fi +.. +.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will +.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left +.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. \*(C+ will +.\" give a nicer C++. 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Always turn off hyphenation; it makes +.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents. +.if n .ad l +.nh +.SH "NAME" +innotop \- MySQL and InnoDB transaction/status monitor. +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.IX Header "SYNOPSIS" +To monitor servers normally: +.PP +.Vb 1 +\& innotop +.Ve +.PP +To monitor InnoDB status information from a file: +.PP +.Vb 1 +\& innotop /var/log/mysql/mysqld.err +.Ve +.PP +To run innotop non-interactively in a pipe-and-filter configuration: +.PP +.Vb 1 +\& innotop \-\-count 5 \-d 1 \-n +.Ve +.PP +To monitor a database on another system using a particular username and password: +.PP +.Vb 1 +\& innotop \-u <username> \-p <password> \-h <hostname> +.Ve +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.IX Header "DESCRIPTION" +innotop monitors MySQL servers. Each of its modes shows you a different aspect +of what's happening in the server. For example, there's a mode for monitoring +replication, one for queries, and one for transactions. innotop refreshes its +data periodically, so you see an updating view. +.PP +innotop has lots of features for power users, but you can start and run it with +virtually no configuration. If you're just getting started, see +\&\*(L"QUICK-START\*(R". Press '?' at any time while running innotop for +context-sensitive help. +.SH "QUICK-START" +.IX Header "QUICK-START" +To start innotop, open a terminal or command prompt. If you have installed +innotop on your system, you should be able to just type \*(L"innotop\*(R" and press +Enter; otherwise, you will need to change to innotop's directory and type \*(L"perl +innotop\*(R". +.PP +With no options specified, innotop will attempt to connect to a MySQL server on +localhost using mariadb_read_default_group=client for other connection +parameters. If you need to specify a different username and password, use the +\&\-u and \-p options, respectively. To monitor a MySQL database on another +host, use the \-h option. +.PP +After you've connected, innotop should show you something like the following: +.PP +.Vb 1 +\& [RO] Query List (? for help) localhost, 01:11:19, 449.44 QPS, 14/7/163 con/run +\& +\& CXN When Load QPS Slow QCacheHit KCacheHit BpsIn BpsOut +\& localhost Total 0.00 1.07k 697 0.00% 98.17% 476.83k 242.83k +\& +\& CXN Cmd ID User Host DB Time Query +\& localhost Query 766446598 test 10.0.0.1 foo 00:02 INSERT INTO table ( +.Ve +.PP +(This sample is truncated at the right so it will fit on a terminal when running +\&'man innotop') +.PP +If your server is busy, you'll see more output. Notice the first line on the +screen, which tells you that readonly is set to true ([\s-1RO\s0]), what mode you're +in and what server you're connected to. You can change to other modes with +keystrokes; press 'T' to switch to a list of InnoDB transactions, for example. +.PP +Press the '?' key to see what keys are active in the current mode. You can +press any of these keys and innotop will either take the requested action or +prompt you for more input. If your system has Term::ReadLine support, you can +use \s-1TAB\s0 and other keys to auto-complete and edit input. +.PP +To quit innotop, press the 'q' key. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.IX Header "OPTIONS" +innotop is mostly configured via its configuration file, but some of the +configuration options can come from the command line. You can also specify a +file to monitor for InnoDB status output; see \*(L"\s-1MONITORING A FILE\*(R"\s0 for more +details. +.PP +You can negate some options by prefixing the option name with \-\-no. For +example, \-\-noinc (or \-\-no\-inc) negates \*(L"\-\-inc\*(R". +.IP "\-\-color" 4 +.IX Item "--color" +Enable or disable terminal coloring. Corresponds to the \*(L"color\*(R" config file +setting. +.IP "\-\-config" 4 +.IX Item "--config" +Specifies a configuration file to read. This option is non-sticky, that is to +say it does not persist to the configuration file itself. +.IP "\-\-count" 4 +.IX Item "--count" +Refresh only the specified number of times (ticks) before exiting. Each refresh +is a pause for \*(L"interval\*(R" seconds, followed by requesting data from MySQL +connections and printing it to the terminal. +.IP "\-\-delay" 4 +.IX Item "--delay" +Specifies the amount of time to pause between ticks (refreshes). Corresponds to +the configuration option \*(L"interval\*(R". +.IP "\-\-help" 4 +.IX Item "--help" +Print a summary of command-line usage and exit. +.IP "\-\-host" 4 +.IX Item "--host" +Host to connect to. +.IP "\-\-inc" 4 +.IX Item "--inc" +Specifies whether innotop should display absolute numbers or relative numbers +(offsets from their previous values). Corresponds to the configuration option +\&\*(L"status_inc\*(R". +.IP "\-\-mode" 4 +.IX Item "--mode" +Specifies the mode in which innotop should start. Corresponds to the +configuration option \*(L"mode\*(R". +.IP "\-\-nonint" 4 +.IX Item "--nonint" +Enable non-interactive operation. See \*(L"NON-INTERACTIVE \s-1OPERATION\*(R"\s0 for more. +.IP "\-\-password" 4 +.IX Item "--password" +Password to use for connection. +.IP "\-\-port" 4 +.IX Item "--port" +Port to use for connection. +.IP "\-\-skipcentral" 4 +.IX Item "--skipcentral" +Don't read the central configuration file. +.IP "\-\-timestamp" 4 +.IX Item "--timestamp" +In \-n mode, write a timestamp either before every screenful of output, or if +the option is given twice, at the start of every line. The format is controlled +by the timeformat config variable. +.IP "\-\-user" 4 +.IX Item "--user" +User to use for connection. +.IP "\-\-version" 4 +.IX Item "--version" +Output version information and exit. +.IP "\-\-write" 4 +.IX Item "--write" +Sets the configuration option \*(L"readonly\*(R" to 0, making innotop write the +running configuration to ~/.innotop/innotop.conf on exit, if no configuration +file was loaded at start-up. +.SH "HOTKEYS" +.IX Header "HOTKEYS" +innotop is interactive, and you control it with key-presses. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +Uppercase keys switch between modes. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +Lowercase keys initiate some action within the current mode. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +Other keys do something special like change configuration or show the +innotop license. +.PP +Press '?' at any time to see the currently active keys and what they do. +.SH "MODES" +.IX Header "MODES" +Each of innotop's modes retrieves and displays a particular type of data from +the servers you're monitoring. You switch between modes with uppercase keys. +The following is a brief description of each mode, in alphabetical order. To +switch to the mode, press the key listed in front of its heading in the +following list: +.IP "A: Health Dashboard" 4 +.IX Item "A: Health Dashboard" +This mode displays a single table with one row per monitored server. The +columns show essential overview information about the server's health, and +coloration rules show whether replication is running or if there are any very +long-running queries or excessive replication delay. +.IP "B: InnoDB Buffers" 4 +.IX Item "B: InnoDB Buffers" +This mode displays information about the InnoDB buffer pool, page statistics, +insert buffer, and adaptive hash index. The data comes from \s-1SHOW INNODB STATUS.\s0 +.Sp +This mode contains the \*(L"buffer_pool\*(R", \*(L"page_statistics\*(R", +\&\*(L"insert_buffers\*(R", and \*(L"adaptive_hash_index\*(R" tables by default. +.IP "C: Command Summary" 4 +.IX Item "C: Command Summary" +This mode is similar to mytop's Command Summary mode. It shows the +\&\*(L"cmd_summary\*(R" table, which looks something like the following: +.Sp +.Vb 8 +\& Command Summary (? for help) localhost, 25+07:16:43, 2.45 QPS, 3 thd, 5.0.40 +\& _\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_ Command Summary _\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_ +\& Name Value Pct Last Incr Pct +\& Select_scan 3244858 69.89% 2 100.00% +\& Select_range 1354177 29.17% 0 0.00% +\& Select_full_join 39479 0.85% 0 0.00% +\& Select_full_range_join 4097 0.09% 0 0.00% +\& Select_range_check 0 0.00% 0 0.00% +.Ve +.Sp +The command summary table is built by extracting variables from +\&\*(L"\s-1STATUS_VARIABLES\*(R"\s0. The variables must be numeric and must match the prefix +given by the \*(L"cmd_filter\*(R" configuration variable. The variables are then +sorted by value descending and compared to the last variable, as shown above. +The percentage columns are percentage of the total of all variables in the +table, so you can see the relative weight of the variables. +.Sp +The example shows what you see if the prefix is \*(L"Select_\*(R". The default +prefix is \*(L"Com_\*(R". You can choose a prefix with the 's' key. +.Sp +It's rather like running \s-1SHOW VARIABLES LIKE \s0\*(L"prefix%\*(R" with memory and +nice formatting. +.Sp +Values are aggregated across all servers. The Pct columns are not correctly +aggregated across multiple servers. This is a known limitation of the grouping +algorithm that may be fixed in the future. +.IP "D: InnoDB Deadlocks" 4 +.IX Item "D: InnoDB Deadlocks" +This mode shows the transactions involved in the last InnoDB deadlock. A second +table shows the locks each transaction held and waited for. A deadlock is +caused by a cycle in the waits-for graph, so there should be two locks held and +one waited for unless the deadlock information is truncated. +.Sp +InnoDB puts deadlock information before some other information in the \s-1SHOW +INNODB STATUS\s0 output. If there are a lot of locks, the deadlock information can +grow very large, and there is a limit on the size of the \s-1SHOW INNODB +STATUS\s0 output. A large deadlock can fill the entire output, or even be +truncated, and prevent you from seeing other information at all. If you are +running innotop in another mode, for example T mode, and suddenly you don't see +anything, you might want to check and see if a deadlock has wiped out the data +you need. +.Sp +If it has, you can create a small deadlock to replace the large one. Use the +\&'w' key to 'wipe' the large deadlock with a small one. This will not work +unless you have defined a deadlock table for the connection (see \*(L"\s-1SERVER +CONNECTIONS\*(R"\s0). +.Sp +You can also configure innotop to automatically detect when a large deadlock +needs to be replaced with a small one (see \*(L"auto_wipe_dl\*(R"). +.Sp +This mode displays the \*(L"deadlock_transactions\*(R" and \*(L"deadlock_locks\*(R" tables +by default. +.IP "F: InnoDB Foreign Key Errors" 4 +.IX Item "F: InnoDB Foreign Key Errors" +This mode shows the last InnoDB foreign key error information, such as the +table where it happened, when and who and what query caused it, and so on. +.Sp +InnoDB has a huge variety of foreign key error messages, and many of them are +just hard to parse. innotop doesn't always do the best job here, but there's +so much code devoted to parsing this messy, unparseable output that innotop is +likely never to be perfect in this regard. If innotop doesn't show you what +you need to see, just look at the status text directly. +.Sp +This mode displays the \*(L"fk_error\*(R" table by default. +.IP "I: InnoDB I/O Info" 4 +.IX Item "I: InnoDB I/O Info" +This mode shows InnoDB's I/O statistics, including the I/O threads, pending I/O, +file I/O miscellaneous, and log statistics. It displays the \*(L"io_threads\*(R", +\&\*(L"pending_io\*(R", \*(L"file_io_misc\*(R", and \*(L"log_statistics\*(R" tables by default. +.IP "K: InnoDB Lock Waits" 4 +.IX Item "K: InnoDB Lock Waits" +This mode shows information from InnoDB plugin's transaction and locking tables. +You can use it to find when a transaction is waiting for another, and kill the +blocking transaction. It displays the "innodb_blocked_blocker" table. +.IP "L: Locks" 4 +.IX Item "L: Locks" +This mode shows information about current locks. At the moment only InnoDB +locks are supported, and by default you'll only see locks for which transactions +are waiting. This information comes from the \s-1TRANSACTIONS\s0 section of the InnoDB +status text. If you have a very busy server, you may have frequent lock waits; +it helps to be able to see which tables and indexes are the \*(L"hot spot\*(R" for +locks. If your server is running pretty well, this mode should show nothing. +.Sp +You can configure MySQL and innotop to monitor not only locks for which a +transaction is waiting, but those currently held, too. You can do this with the +InnoDB Lock Monitor (<http://dev.mysql.com/doc/en/innodb\-monitor.html>). It's +not documented in the MySQL manual, but creating the lock monitor with the +following statement also affects the output of \s-1SHOW INNODB STATUS,\s0 which innotop +uses: +.Sp +.Vb 1 +\& CREATE TABLE innodb_lock_monitor(a int) ENGINE=INNODB; +.Ve +.Sp +This causes InnoDB to print its output to the MySQL file every 16 seconds or so, +as stated in the manual, but it also makes the normal \s-1SHOW INNODB STATUS\s0 output +include lock information, which innotop can parse and display (that's the +undocumented feature). +.Sp +This means you can do what may have seemed impossible: to a limited extent +(InnoDB truncates some information in the output), you can see which transaction +holds the locks something else is waiting for. You can also enable and disable +the InnoDB Lock Monitor with the key mappings in this mode. +.Sp +This mode displays the \*(L"innodb_locks\*(R" table by default. Here's a sample of +the screen when one connection is waiting for locks another connection holds: +.Sp +.Vb 7 +\& _\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_ InnoDB Locks _\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_\|_ +\& CXN ID Type Waiting Wait Active Mode DB Table Index +\& localhost 12 RECORD 1 00:10 00:10 X test t1 PRIMARY +\& localhost 12 TABLE 0 00:10 00:10 IX test t1 +\& localhost 12 RECORD 1 00:10 00:10 X test t1 PRIMARY +\& localhost 11 TABLE 0 00:00 00:25 IX test t1 +\& localhost 11 RECORD 0 00:00 00:25 X test t1 PRIMARY +.Ve +.Sp +You can see the first connection, \s-1ID 12,\s0 is waiting for a lock on the \s-1PRIMARY\s0 +key on test.t1, and has been waiting for 10 seconds. The second connection +isn't waiting, because the Waiting column is 0, but it holds locks on the same +index. That tells you connection 11 is blocking connection 12. +.IP "M: Master/Slave Replication Status" 4 +.IX Item "M: Master/Slave Replication Status" +This mode shows the output of \s-1SHOW SLAVE STATUS\s0 and \s-1SHOW MASTER STATUS\s0 in three +tables. The first two divide the slave's status into \s-1SQL\s0 and I/O thread status, +and the last shows master status. Filters are applied to eliminate non-slave +servers from the slave tables, and non-master servers from the master table. +.Sp +This mode displays the \*(L"slave_sql_status\*(R", \*(L"slave_io_status\*(R", and +\&\*(L"master_status\*(R" tables by default. +.IP "O: Open Tables" 4 +.IX Item "O: Open Tables" +This section comes from MySQL's \s-1SHOW OPEN TABLES\s0 command. By default it is +filtered to show tables which are in use by one or more queries, so you can +get a quick look at which tables are 'hot'. You can use this to guess which +tables might be locked implicitly. +.Sp +This mode displays the \*(L"open_tables\*(R" mode by default. +.IP "U: User Statistics" 4 +.IX Item "U: User Statistics" +This mode displays data that's available in Percona's enhanced version of MySQL +(also known as Percona Server with XtraDB). Specifically, it makes it easy to +enable and disable the so-called \*(L"user statistics.\*(R" This feature gathers stats +on clients, threads, users, tables, and indexes and makes them available as +\&\s-1INFORMATION_SCHEMA\s0 tables. These are invaluable for understanding what your +server is doing. They are also available in MariaDB. +.Sp +The statistics supported so far are only from the \s-1TABLE_STATISTICS\s0 and +\&\s-1INDEX_STATISTICS\s0 tables added by Percona. There are three views: one of table stats, +one of index stats (which can be aggregated with the = key), and one of both. +.Sp +The server doesn't gather these stats by default. You have to set the variable +userstat_running to turn it on. You can do this easily with innotop from U mode, +with the 's' key. +.IP "Q: Query List" 4 +.IX Item "Q: Query List" +This mode displays the output from \s-1SHOW FULL PROCESSLIST,\s0 much like \fBmytop\fR's +query list mode. This mode does \fBnot\fR show InnoDB-related information. This +is probably one of the most useful modes for general usage. +.Sp +There is an informative header that shows general status information about +your server. You can toggle it on and off with the 'h' key. By default, +innotop hides inactive processes and its own process. You can toggle these on +and off with the 'i' and 'a' keys. +.Sp +You can \s-1EXPLAIN\s0 a query from this mode with the 'e' key. This displays the +query's full text, the results of \s-1EXPLAIN,\s0 and in newer MySQL versions, even +the optimized query resulting from \s-1EXPLAIN EXTENDED. \s0 innotop also tries to +rewrite certain queries to make them EXPLAIN-able. For example, \s-1INSERT/SELECT\s0 +statements are rewritable. +.Sp +This mode displays the \*(L"q_header\*(R" and \*(L"processlist\*(R" tables by default. +.IP "R: InnoDB Row Operations and Semaphores" 4 +.IX Item "R: InnoDB Row Operations and Semaphores" +This mode shows InnoDB row operations, row operation miscellaneous, semaphores, +and information from the wait array. It displays the \*(L"row_operations\*(R", +\&\*(L"row_operation_misc\*(R", \*(L"semaphores\*(R", and \*(L"wait_array\*(R" tables by default. +.IP "S: Variables & Status" 4 +.IX Item "S: Variables & Status" +This mode calculates statistics, such as queries per second, and prints them out +in several different styles. You can show absolute values, or incremental values +between ticks. +.Sp +You can switch between the views by pressing a key. The 's' key prints a +single line each time the screen updates, in the style of \fBvmstat\fR. The 'g' +key changes the view to a graph of the same numbers, sort of like \fBtload\fR. +The 'v' key changes the view to a pivoted table of variable names on the left, +with successive updates scrolling across the screen from left to right. You can +choose how many updates to put on the screen with the \*(L"num_status_sets\*(R" +configuration variable. +.Sp +Headers may be abbreviated to fit on the screen in interactive operation. You +choose which variables to display with the 'c' key, which selects from +predefined sets, or lets you create your own sets. You can edit the current set +with the 'e' key. +.Sp +This mode doesn't really display any tables like other modes. Instead, it uses +a table definition to extract and format the data, but it then transforms the +result in special ways before outputting it. It uses the \*(L"var_status\*(R" table +definition for this. +.IP "T: InnoDB Transactions" 4 +.IX Item "T: InnoDB Transactions" +This mode shows transactions from the InnoDB monitor's output, in \fBtop\fR\-like +format. This mode is the reason I wrote innotop. +.Sp +You can kill queries or processes with the 'k' and 'x' keys, and \s-1EXPLAIN\s0 a query +with the 'e' or 'f' keys. InnoDB doesn't print the full query in transactions, +so explaining may not work right if the query is truncated. +.Sp +The informational header can be toggled on and off with the 'h' key. By +default, innotop hides inactive transactions and its own transaction. You can +toggle this on and off with the 'i' and 'a' keys. +.Sp +This mode displays the \*(L"t_header\*(R" and \*(L"innodb_transactions\*(R" tables by +default. +.SH "INNOTOP STATUS" +.IX Header "INNOTOP STATUS" +The first line innotop displays is a \*(L"status bar\*(R" of sorts. What it contains +depends on the mode you're in, and what servers you're monitoring. The first +few words are always [\s-1RO\s0] (if readonly is set to 1), the innotop mode, such as +\&\*(L"InnoDB Txns\*(R" for T mode, followed by a reminder to press '?' for help at any +time. +.SS "\s-1ONE SERVER\s0" +.IX Subsection "ONE SERVER" +The simplest case is when you're monitoring a single server. In this case, the +name of the connection is next on the status line. This is the name you gave +when you created the connection \*(-- most likely the MySQL server's hostname. +This is followed by the server's uptime. +.PP +If you're in an InnoDB mode, such as T or B, the next word is \*(L"InnoDB\*(R" followed +by some information about the \s-1SHOW INNODB STATUS\s0 output used to render the +screen. The first word is the number of seconds since the last \s-1SHOW INNODB +STATUS,\s0 which InnoDB uses to calculate some per-second statistics. The next is +a smiley face indicating whether the InnoDB output is truncated. If the smiley +face is a :\-), all is well; there is no truncation. A :^| means the transaction +list is so long, InnoDB has only printed out some of the transactions. Finally, +a frown :\-( means the output is incomplete, which is probably due to a deadlock +printing too much lock information (see \*(L"D: InnoDB Deadlocks\*(R"). +.PP +The next two words indicate the server's queries per second (\s-1QPS\s0) and how many +threads (connections) exist. Finally, the server's version number is the last +thing on the line. +.SS "\s-1MULTIPLE SERVERS\s0" +.IX Subsection "MULTIPLE SERVERS" +If you are monitoring multiple servers (see \*(L"\s-1SERVER CONNECTIONS\*(R"\s0), the status +line does not show any details about individual servers. Instead, it shows the +names of the connections that are active. Again, these are connection names you +specified, which are likely to be the server's hostname. A connection that has +an error is prefixed with an exclamation point. +.PP +If you are monitoring a group of servers (see \*(L"\s-1SERVER GROUPS\*(R"\s0), the status +line shows the name of the group. If any connection in the group has an +error, the group's name is followed by the fraction of the connections that +don't have errors. +.PP +See \*(L"\s-1ERROR HANDLING\*(R"\s0 for more details about innotop's error handling. +.SS "\s-1MONITORING A FILE\s0" +.IX Subsection "MONITORING A FILE" +If you give a filename on the command line, innotop will not connect to \s-1ANY\s0 +servers at all. It will watch the specified file for InnoDB status output and +use that as its data source. It will always show a single connection called +\&'file'. And since it can't connect to a server, it can't determine how long the +server it's monitoring has been up; so it calculates the server's uptime as time +since innotop started running. +.SH "SERVER ADMINISTRATION" +.IX Header "SERVER ADMINISTRATION" +While innotop is primarily a monitor that lets you watch and analyze your +servers, it can also send commands to servers. The most frequently useful +commands are killing queries and stopping or starting slaves. +.PP +You can kill a connection, or in newer versions of MySQL kill a query but not a +connection, from \*(L"Q: Query List\*(R" and \*(L"T: InnoDB Transactions\*(R" modes. +Press 'k' to issue a \s-1KILL\s0 command, or 'x' to issue a \s-1KILL QUERY\s0 command. +innotop will prompt you for the server and/or connection \s-1ID\s0 to kill (innotop +does not prompt you if there is only one possible choice for any input). +innotop pre-selects the longest-running query, or the oldest connection. +Confirm the command with 'y'. +.PP +In \*(L"Slave Replication Status\*(R"\*(L" in \*(R"M: Master mode, you can start and stop slaves +with the 'a' and 'o' keys, respectively. You can send these commands to many +slaves at once. innotop fills in a default command of \s-1START SLAVE\s0 or \s-1STOP SLAVE\s0 +for you, but you can actually edit the command and send anything you wish, such +as \s-1SET GLOBAL\s0 SQL_SLAVE_SKIP_COUNTER=1 to make the slave skip one binlog event +when it starts. +.PP +You can also ask innotop to calculate the earliest binlog in use by any slave +and issue a \s-1PURGE MASTER LOGS\s0 on the master. Use the 'b' key for this. innotop +will prompt you for a master to run the command on, then prompt you for the +connection names of that master's slaves (there is no way for innotop to +determine this reliably itself). innotop will find the minimum binlog in use by +these slave connections and suggest it as the argument to \s-1PURGE MASTER LOGS.\s0 +.PP +in \*(L"U: User Statistics\*(R" mode, you can use the 's' key to start and stop +the collection of the statistics data for \s-1TABLE_STATISTICS\s0 and similar. +.SH "SERVER CONNECTIONS" +.IX Header "SERVER CONNECTIONS" +When you create a server connection using '@', innotop asks you for a series of +inputs, as follows: +.IP "\s-1DSN\s0" 4 +.IX Item "DSN" +A \s-1DSN\s0 is a Data Source Name, which is the initial argument passed to the \s-1DBI\s0 +module for connecting to a server. It is usually of the form +.Sp +.Vb 1 +\& DBI:MariaDB:;mariadb_read_default_group=mysql;host=HOSTNAME +.Ve +.Sp +Since this \s-1DSN\s0 is passed to the DBD::MariaDB driver, you should read the driver's +documentation at <https://metacpan.org/pod/DBD::MariaDB> for +the exact details on all the options you can pass the driver in the \s-1DSN. \s0 You +can read more about \s-1DBI\s0 at <http://dbi.perl.org/docs/>, and especially at +<http://search.cpan.org/~timb/DBI/DBI.pm>. +.Sp +The mariadb_read_default_group=mysql option lets the \s-1DBD\s0 driver read your MySQL +options files, such as ~/.my.cnf on UNIX-ish systems. You can use this to avoid +specifying a username or password for the connection. +.IP "InnoDB Deadlock Table" 4 +.IX Item "InnoDB Deadlock Table" +This optional item tells innotop a table name it can use to deliberately create +a small deadlock (see \*(L"D: InnoDB Deadlocks\*(R"). If you specify this option, +you just need to be sure the table doesn't exist, and that innotop can create +and drop the table with the InnoDB storage engine. You can safely omit or just +accept the default if you don't intend to use this. +.IP "Username" 4 +.IX Item "Username" +innotop will ask you if you want to specify a username. If you say 'y', it will +then prompt you for a user name. If you have a MySQL option file that specifies +your username, you don't have to specify a username. +.Sp +The username defaults to your login name on the system you're running innotop on. +.IP "Password" 4 +.IX Item "Password" +innotop will ask you if you want to specify a password. Like the username, the +password is optional, but there's an additional prompt that asks if you want to +save the password in the innotop configuration file. If you don't save it in +the configuration file, innotop will prompt you for a password each time it +starts. Passwords in the innotop configuration file are saved in plain text, +not encrypted in any way. +.PP +Once you finish answering these questions, you should be connected to a server. +But innotop isn't limited to monitoring a single server; you can define many +server connections and switch between them by pressing the '@' key. See +\&\*(L"\s-1SWITCHING BETWEEN CONNECTIONS\*(R"\s0. +.SH "SERVER GROUPS" +.IX Header "SERVER GROUPS" +If you have multiple MySQL instances, you can put them into named groups, such +as 'all', 'masters', and 'slaves', which innotop can monitor all together. +.PP +You can choose which group to monitor with the '#' key, and you can press the +\&\s-1TAB\s0 key to switch to the next group. If you're not currently monitoring a +group, pressing \s-1TAB\s0 selects the first group. +.PP +To create a group, press the '#' key and type the name of your new group, then +type the names of the connections you want the group to contain. +.SH "SWITCHING BETWEEN CONNECTIONS" +.IX Header "SWITCHING BETWEEN CONNECTIONS" +innotop lets you quickly switch which servers you're monitoring. The most basic +way is by pressing the '@' key and typing the name(s) of the connection(s) you +want to use. This setting is per-mode, so you can monitor different connections +in each mode, and innotop remembers which connections you choose. +.PP +You can quickly switch to the 'next' connection in alphabetical order with the +\&'n' key. If you're monitoring a server group (see \*(L"\s-1SERVER GROUPS\*(R"\s0) this will +switch to the first connection. +.PP +You can also type many connection names, and innotop will fetch and display data +from them all. Just separate the connection names with spaces, for example +\&\*(L"server1 server2.\*(R" Again, if you type the name of a connection that doesn't +exist, innotop will prompt you for connection information and create the +connection. +.PP +Another way to monitor multiple connections at once is with server groups. You +can use the \s-1TAB\s0 key to switch to the 'next' group in alphabetical order, or if +you're not monitoring any groups, \s-1TAB\s0 will switch to the first group. +.PP +innotop does not fetch data in parallel from connections, so if you are +monitoring a large group or many connections, you may notice increased delay +between ticks. +.PP +When you monitor more than one connection, innotop's status bar changes. See +\&\*(L"\s-1INNOTOP STATUS\*(R"\s0. +.SH "ERROR HANDLING" +.IX Header "ERROR HANDLING" +Error handling is not that important when monitoring a single connection, but is +crucial when you have many active connections. A crashed server or lost +connection should not crash innotop. As a result, innotop will continue to run +even when there is an error; it just won't display any information from the +connection that had an error. Because of this, innotop's behavior might confuse +you. It's a feature, not a bug! +.PP +innotop does not continue to query connections that have errors, because they +may slow innotop and make it hard to use, especially if the error is a problem +connecting and causes a long time-out. Instead, innotop retries the connection +occasionally to see if the error still exists. If so, it will wait until some +point in the future. The wait time increases in ticks as the Fibonacci series, +so it tries less frequently as time passes. +.PP +Since errors might only happen in certain modes because of the \s-1SQL\s0 commands +issued in those modes, innotop keeps track of which mode caused the error. If +you switch to a different mode, innotop will retry the connection instead of +waiting. +.PP +By default innotop will display the problem in red text at the bottom of the +first table on the screen. You can disable this behavior with the +\&\*(L"show_cxn_errors_in_tbl\*(R" configuration option, which is enabled by default. +If the \*(L"debug\*(R" option is enabled, innotop will display the error at the +bottom of every table, not just the first. And if \*(L"show_cxn_errors\*(R" is +enabled, innotop will print the error text to \s-1STDOUT\s0 as well. Error messages +might only display in the mode that caused the error, depending on the mode and +whether innotop is avoiding querying that connection. +.SH "NON-INTERACTIVE OPERATION" +.IX Header "NON-INTERACTIVE OPERATION" +You can run innotop in non-interactive mode, in which case it is entirely +controlled from the configuration file and command-line options. To start +innotop in non-interactive mode, give the L\*(L"<\-\-nonint\*(R"> command-line option. +This changes innotop's behavior in the following ways: +.IP "\(bu" 4 +Certain Perl modules are not loaded. Term::Readline is not loaded, since +innotop doesn't prompt interactively. Term::ANSIColor and Win32::Console::ANSI +modules are not loaded. Term::ReadKey is still used, since innotop may have to +prompt for connection passwords when starting up. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +innotop does not clear the screen after each tick. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +innotop does not persist any changes to the configuration file. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +If \*(L"\-\-count\*(R" is given and innotop is in incremental mode (see \*(L"status_inc\*(R" +and \*(L"\-\-inc\*(R"), innotop actually refreshes one more time than specified so it +can print incremental statistics. This suppresses output during the first +tick, so innotop may appear to hang. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +innotop only displays the first table in each mode. This is so the output can +be easily processed with other command-line utilities such as awk and sed. To +change which tables display in each mode, see \*(L"\s-1TABLES\*(R"\s0. Since \*(L"Q: Query +List\*(R" mode is so important, innotop automatically disables the \*(L"q_header\*(R" +table. This ensures you'll see the \*(L"processlist\*(R" table, even if you have +innotop configured to show the q_header table during interactive operation. +Similarly, in \*(L"T: InnoDB Transactions\*(R" mode, the \*(L"t_header\*(R" table is +suppressed so you see only the \*(L"innodb_transactions\*(R" table. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +All output is tab-separated instead of being column-aligned with whitespace, and +innotop prints the full contents of each table instead of only printing one +screenful at a time. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +innotop only prints column headers once instead of every tick (see +\&\*(L"hide_hdr\*(R"). innotop does not print table captions (see +\&\*(L"display_table_captions\*(R"). innotop ensures there are no empty lines in the +output. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +innotop does not honor the \*(L"shorten\*(R" transformation, which normally shortens +some numbers to human-readable formats. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +innotop does not print a status line (see \*(L"\s-1INNOTOP STATUS\*(R"\s0). +.SH "CONFIGURING" +.IX Header "CONFIGURING" +Nearly everything about innotop is configurable. Most things are possible to +change with built-in commands, but you can also edit the configuration file. +.PP +While running innotop, press the '$' key to bring up the configuration editing +dialog. Press another key to select the type of data you want to edit: +.IP "S: Statement Sleep Times" 4 +.IX Item "S: Statement Sleep Times" +Edits \s-1SQL\s0 statement sleep delays, which make innotop pause for the specified +amount of time after executing a statement. See \*(L"\s-1SQL STATEMENTS\*(R"\s0 for a +definition of each statement and what it does. By default innotop does not +delay after any statements. +.Sp +This feature is included so you can customize the side-effects caused by +monitoring your server. You may not see any effects, but some innotop users +have noticed that certain MySQL versions under very high load with InnoDB +enabled take longer than usual to execute \s-1SHOW GLOBAL STATUS. \s0 If innotop calls +\&\s-1SHOW FULL PROCESSLIST\s0 immediately afterward, the processlist contains more +queries than the machine actually averages at any given moment. Configuring +innotop to pause briefly after calling \s-1SHOW GLOBAL STATUS\s0 alleviates this +effect. +.Sp +Sleep times are stored in the \*(L"stmt_sleep_times\*(R" section of the configuration +file. Fractional-second sleeps are supported, subject to your hardware's +limitations. +.IP "c: Edit Columns" 4 +.IX Item "c: Edit Columns" +Starts the table editor on one of the displayed tables. See \*(L"\s-1TABLE EDITOR\*(R"\s0. +An alternative way to start the table editor without entering the configuration +dialog is with the '^' key. +.IP "g: General Configuration" 4 +.IX Item "g: General Configuration" +Starts the configuration editor to edit global and mode-specific configuration +variables (see \*(L"\s-1MODES\*(R"\s0). innotop prompts you to choose a variable from among +the global and mode-specific ones depending on the current mode. +.IP "k: Row-Coloring Rules" 4 +.IX Item "k: Row-Coloring Rules" +Starts the row-coloring rules editor on one of the displayed table(s). See +\&\*(L"\s-1COLORS\*(R"\s0 for details. +.IP "p: Manage Plugins" 4 +.IX Item "p: Manage Plugins" +Starts the plugin configuration editor. See \*(L"\s-1PLUGINS\*(R"\s0 for details. +.IP "s: Server Groups" 4 +.IX Item "s: Server Groups" +Lets you create and edit server groups. See \*(L"\s-1SERVER GROUPS\*(R"\s0. +.IP "t: Choose Displayed Tables" 4 +.IX Item "t: Choose Displayed Tables" +Lets you choose which tables to display in this mode. See \*(L"\s-1MODES\*(R"\s0 and +\&\*(L"\s-1TABLES\*(R"\s0. +.SH "CONFIGURATION FILE" +.IX Header "CONFIGURATION FILE" +innotop's default configuration file locations are \f(CW$HOME\fR/.innotop and +/etc/innotop/innotop.conf, and they are looked for in that order. If the first +configuration file exists, the second will not be processed. Those can be +overridden with the \*(L"\-\-config\*(R" command-line option. You can edit it by hand +safely, however innotop reads the configuration file when it starts, and, if +readonly is set to 0, writes it out again when it exits. Thus, if readonly is +set to 0, any changes you make by hand while innotop is running will be lost. +.PP +innotop doesn't store its entire configuration in the configuration file. It +has a huge set of default configuration values that it holds only in memory, +and the configuration file only overrides these defaults. When you customize a +default setting, innotop notices, and then stores the customizations into the +file. This keeps the file size down, makes it easier to edit, and makes +upgrades easier. +.PP +A configuration file is read-only be default. You can override that with +\&\*(L"\-\-write\*(R". See \*(L"readonly\*(R". +.PP +The configuration file is arranged into sections like an \s-1INI\s0 file. Each +section begins with [section\-name] and ends with [/section\-name]. Each +section's entries have a different syntax depending on the data they need to +store. You can put comments in the file; any line that begins with a # +character is a comment. innotop will not read the comments, so it won't write +them back out to the file when it exits. Comments in read-only configuration +files are still useful, though. +.PP +The first line in the file is innotop's version number. This lets innotop +notice when the file format is not backwards-compatible, and upgrade smoothly +without destroying your customized configuration. +.PP +The following list describes each section of the configuration file and the data +it contains: +.IP "general" 4 +.IX Item "general" +The 'general' section contains global configuration variables and variables that +may be mode-specific, but don't belong in any other section. The syntax is a +simple key=value list. innotop writes a comment above each value to help you +edit the file by hand. +.RS 4 +.IP "S_func" 4 +.IX Item "S_func" +Controls S mode presentation (see \*(L"S: Variables & Status\*(R"). If g, values are +graphed; if s, values are like vmstat; if p, values are in a pivoted table. +.IP "S_set" 4 +.IX Item "S_set" +Specifies which set of variables to display in \*(L"S: Variables & Status\*(R" mode. +See \*(L"\s-1VARIABLE SETS\*(R"\s0. +.IP "auto_wipe_dl" 4 +.IX Item "auto_wipe_dl" +Instructs innotop to automatically wipe large deadlocks when it notices them. +When this happens you may notice a slight delay. At the next tick, you will +usually see the information that was being truncated by the large deadlock. +.IP "charset" 4 +.IX Item "charset" +Specifies what kind of characters to allow through the \*(L"no_ctrl_char\*(R" +transformation. This keeps non-printable characters from confusing a +terminal when you monitor queries that contain binary data, such as images. +.Sp +The default is 'ascii', which considers anything outside normal \s-1ASCII\s0 to be a +control character. The other allowable values are 'unicode' and 'none'. 'none' +considers every character a control character, which can be useful for +collapsing \s-1ALL\s0 text fields in queries. +.IP "cmd_filter" 4 +.IX Item "cmd_filter" +This is the prefix that filters variables in \*(L"C: Command Summary\*(R" mode. +.IP "color" 4 +.IX Item "color" +Whether terminal coloring is permitted. +.IP "cxn_timeout" 4 +.IX Item "cxn_timeout" +On MySQL versions 4.0.3 and newer, this variable is used to set the connection's +timeout, so MySQL doesn't close the connection if it is not used for a while. +This might happen because a connection isn't monitored in a particular mode, for +example. +.IP "debug" 4 +.IX Item "debug" +This option enables more verbose errors and makes innotop more strict in some +places. It can help in debugging filters and other user-defined code. It also +makes innotop write a lot of information to \*(L"debugfile\*(R" when there is a +crash. +.IP "debugfile" 4 +.IX Item "debugfile" +A file to which innotop will write information when there is a crash. See +\&\*(L"\s-1FILES\*(R"\s0. +.IP "display_table_captions" 4 +.IX Item "display_table_captions" +innotop displays a table caption above most tables. This variable suppresses or +shows captions on all tables globally. Some tables are configured with the +hide_caption property, which overrides this. +.IP "global" 4 +.IX Item "global" +Whether to show \s-1GLOBAL\s0 variables and status. innotop only tries to do this on +servers which support the \s-1GLOBAL\s0 option to \s-1SHOW VARIABLES\s0 and \s-1SHOW STATUS. \s0 In +some MySQL versions, you need certain privileges to do this; if you don't have +them, innotop will not be able to fetch any variable and status data. This +configuration variable lets you run innotop and fetch what data you can even +without the elevated privileges. +.Sp +I can no longer find or reproduce the situation where \s-1GLOBAL\s0 wasn't allowed, but +I know there was one. +.IP "graph_char" 4 +.IX Item "graph_char" +Defines the character to use when drawing graphs in \*(L"S: Variables & Status\*(R" +mode. +.IP "header_highlight" 4 +.IX Item "header_highlight" +Defines how to highlight column headers. This only works if Term::ANSIColor is +available. Valid values are 'bold' and 'underline'. +.IP "hide_hdr" 4 +.IX Item "hide_hdr" +Hides column headers globally. +.IP "interval" 4 +.IX Item "interval" +The interval at which innotop will refresh its data (ticks). The interval is +implemented as a sleep time between ticks, so the true interval will vary +depending on how long it takes innotop to fetch and render data. +.Sp +This variable accepts fractions of a second. +.IP "mode" 4 +.IX Item "mode" +The mode in which innotop should start. Allowable arguments are the same as the +key presses that select a mode interactively. See \*(L"\s-1MODES\*(R"\s0. +.IP "num_digits" 4 +.IX Item "num_digits" +How many digits to show in fractional numbers and percents. This variable's +range is between 0 and 9 and can be set directly from \*(L"S: Variables & Status\*(R" +mode with the '+' and '\-' keys. It is used in the \*(L"set_precision\*(R", +\&\*(L"shorten\*(R", and \*(L"percent\*(R" transformations. +.IP "num_status_sets" 4 +.IX Item "num_status_sets" +Controls how many sets of status variables to display in pivoted \*(L"S: Variables +& Status\*(R" mode. It also controls the number of old sets of variables innotop +keeps in its memory, so the larger this variable is, the more memory innotop +uses. +.IP "plugin_dir" 4 +.IX Item "plugin_dir" +Specifies where plugins can be found. By default, innotop stores plugins in the +\&'plugins' subdirectory of your innotop configuration directory. +.IP "readonly" 4 +.IX Item "readonly" +Whether the configuration file is readonly. This cannot be set interactively. +.IP "show_cxn_errors" 4 +.IX Item "show_cxn_errors" +Makes innotop print connection errors to \s-1STDOUT. \s0 See \*(L"\s-1ERROR HANDLING\*(R"\s0. +.IP "show_cxn_errors_in_tbl" 4 +.IX Item "show_cxn_errors_in_tbl" +Makes innotop display connection errors as rows in the first table on screen. +See \*(L"\s-1ERROR HANDLING\*(R"\s0. +.IP "show_percent" 4 +.IX Item "show_percent" +Adds a '%' character after the value returned by the \*(L"percent\*(R" +transformation. +.IP "show_statusbar" 4 +.IX Item "show_statusbar" +Controls whether to show the status bar in the display. See \*(L"\s-1INNOTOP +STATUS\*(R"\s0. +.IP "skip_innodb" 4 +.IX Item "skip_innodb" +Disables fetching \s-1SHOW INNODB STATUS,\s0 in case your server(s) do not have InnoDB +enabled and you don't want innotop to try to fetch it. This can also be useful +when you don't have the \s-1SUPER\s0 privilege, required to run \s-1SHOW INNODB STATUS.\s0 +.IP "spark" 4 +.IX Item "spark" +Specifies how wide a spark chart is. There are two \s-1ASCII\s0 spark charts in A +mode, showing \s-1QPS\s0 and User_threads_running. +.IP "status_inc" 4 +.IX Item "status_inc" +Whether to show absolute or incremental values for status variables. +Incremental values are calculated as an offset from the last value innotop saw +for that variable. This is a global setting, but will probably become +mode-specific at some point. Right now it is honored a bit inconsistently; some +modes don't pay attention to it. +.IP "timeformat" 4 +.IX Item "timeformat" +The C\-style \fIstrftime()\fR\-compatible format for the timestamp line to be printed +in \-n mode when \-t is set. +.RE +.RS 4 +.RE +.IP "plugins" 4 +.IX Item "plugins" +This section holds a list of package names of active plugins. If the plugin +exists, innotop will activate it. See \*(L"\s-1PLUGINS\*(R"\s0 for more information. +.IP "filters" 4 +.IX Item "filters" +This section holds user-defined filters (see \*(L"\s-1FILTERS\*(R"\s0). Each line is in the +format filter_name=text='filter text' tbls='table list'. +.Sp +The filter text is the text of the subroutine's code. The table list is a list +of tables to which the filter can apply. By default, user-defined filters apply +to the table for which they were created, but you can manually override that by +editing the definition in the configuration file. +.IP "active_filters" 4 +.IX Item "active_filters" +This section stores which filters are active on each table. Each line is in the +format table_name=filter_list. +.IP "tbl_meta" 4 +.IX Item "tbl_meta" +This section stores user-defined or user-customized columns (see \*(L"\s-1COLUMNS\*(R"\s0). +Each line is in the format col_name=properties, where the properties are a +name=quoted\-value list. +.IP "connections" 4 +.IX Item "connections" +This section holds the server connections you have defined. Each line is in +the format name=properties, where the properties are a name=value list. The +properties are self-explanatory, and the only one that is treated specially is +\&'pass' which is only present if 'savepass' is set. This section of the +configuration file will be skipped if any \s-1DSN,\s0 username, or password +command-line options are used. See \*(L"\s-1SERVER CONNECTIONS\*(R"\s0. +.IP "active_connections" 4 +.IX Item "active_connections" +This section holds a list of which connections are active in each mode. Each +line is in the format mode_name=connection_list. +.IP "server_groups" 4 +.IX Item "server_groups" +This section holds server groups. Each line is in the format +name=connection_list. See \*(L"\s-1SERVER GROUPS\*(R"\s0. +.IP "active_server_groups" 4 +.IX Item "active_server_groups" +This section holds a list of which server group is active in each mode. Each +line is in the format mode_name=server_group. +.IP "max_values_seen" 4 +.IX Item "max_values_seen" +This section holds the maximum values seen for variables. This is used to scale +the graphs in \*(L"S: Variables & Status\*(R" mode. Each line is in the format +name=value. +.IP "active_columns" 4 +.IX Item "active_columns" +This section holds table column lists. Each line is in the format +tbl_name=column_list. See \*(L"\s-1COLUMNS\*(R"\s0. +.IP "sort_cols" 4 +.IX Item "sort_cols" +This section holds the sort definition. Each line is in the format +tbl_name=column_list. If a column is prefixed with '\-', that column sorts +descending. See \*(L"\s-1SORTING\*(R"\s0. +.IP "visible_tables" 4 +.IX Item "visible_tables" +This section defines which tables are visible in each mode. Each line is in the +format mode_name=table_list. See \*(L"\s-1TABLES\*(R"\s0. +.IP "varsets" 4 +.IX Item "varsets" +This section defines variable sets for use in \*(L"S: Status & Variables\*(R" mode. +Each line is in the format name=variable_list. See \*(L"\s-1VARIABLE SETS\*(R"\s0. +.IP "colors" 4 +.IX Item "colors" +This section defines colorization rules. Each line is in the format +tbl_name=property_list. See \*(L"\s-1COLORS\*(R"\s0. +.IP "stmt_sleep_times" 4 +.IX Item "stmt_sleep_times" +This section contains statement sleep times. Each line is in the format +statement_name=sleep_time. See \*(L"S: Statement Sleep Times\*(R". +.IP "group_by" 4 +.IX Item "group_by" +This section contains column lists for table group_by expressions. Each line is +in the format tbl_name=column_list. See \*(L"\s-1GROUPING\*(R"\s0. +.SH "CUSTOMIZING" +.IX Header "CUSTOMIZING" +You can customize innotop a great deal. For example, you can: +.IP "\(bu" 4 +Choose which tables to display, and in what order. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +Choose which columns are in those tables, and create new columns. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +Filter which rows display with built-in filters, user-defined filters, and +quick-filters. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +Sort the rows to put important data first or group together related rows. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +Highlight rows with color. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +Customize the alignment, width, and formatting of columns, and apply +transformations to columns to extract parts of their values or format the values +as you wish (for example, shortening large numbers to familiar units). +.IP "\(bu" 4 +Design your own expressions to extract and combine data as you need. This gives +you unlimited flexibility. +.PP +All these and more are explained in the following sections. +.SS "\s-1TABLES\s0" +.IX Subsection "TABLES" +A table is what you'd expect: a collection of columns. It also has some other +properties, such as a caption. Filters, sorting rules, and colorization rules +belong to tables and are covered in later sections. +.PP +Internally, table meta-data is defined in a data structure called \f(CW%tbl_meta\fR. +This hash holds all built-in table definitions, which contain a lot of default +instructions to innotop. The meta-data includes the caption, a list of columns +the user has customized, a list of columns, a list of visible columns, a list of +filters, color rules, a sort-column list, sort direction, and some information +about the table's data sources. Most of this is customizable via the table +editor (see \*(L"\s-1TABLE EDITOR\*(R"\s0). +.PP +You can choose which tables to show by pressing the '$' key. See \*(L"\s-1MODES\*(R"\s0 and +\&\*(L"\s-1TABLES\*(R"\s0. +.PP +The table life-cycle is as follows: +.IP "\(bu" 4 +Each table begins with a data source, which is an array of hashes. See below +for details on data sources. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +Each element of the data source becomes a row in the final table. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +For each element in the data source, innotop extracts values from the source and +creates a row. This row is another hash, which later steps will refer to as +\&\f(CW$set\fR. The values innotop extracts are determined by the table's columns. Each +column has an extraction subroutine, compiled from an expression (see +\&\*(L"\s-1EXPRESSIONS\*(R"\s0). The resulting row is a hash whose keys are named the same as +the column name. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +innotop filters the rows, removing those that don't need to be displayed. See +\&\*(L"\s-1FILTERS\*(R"\s0. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +innotop sorts the rows. See \*(L"\s-1SORTING\*(R"\s0. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +innotop groups the rows together, if specified. See \*(L"\s-1GROUPING\*(R"\s0. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +innotop colorizes the rows. See \*(L"\s-1COLORS\*(R"\s0. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +innotop transforms the column values in each row. See \*(L"\s-1TRANSFORMATIONS\*(R"\s0. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +innotop optionally pivots the rows (see \*(L"\s-1PIVOTING\*(R"\s0), then filters and sorts +them. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +innotop formats and justifies the rows as a table. During this step, innotop +applies further formatting to the column values, including alignment, maximum +and minimum widths. innotop also does final error checking to ensure there are +no crashes due to undefined values. innotop then adds a caption if specified, +and the table is ready to print. +.PP +The lifecycle is slightly different if the table is pivoted, as noted above. To +clarify, if the table is pivoted, the process is extract, group, transform, +pivot, filter, sort, create. If it's not pivoted, the process is extract, +filter, sort, group, color, transform, create. This slightly convoluted process +doesn't map all that well to \s-1SQL,\s0 but pivoting complicates things pretty +thoroughly. Roughly speaking, filtering and sorting happen as late as needed to +effect the final result as you might expect, but as early as possible for +efficiency. +.PP +Each built-in table is described below: +.IP "adaptive_hash_index" 4 +.IX Item "adaptive_hash_index" +Displays data about InnoDB's adaptive hash index. Data source: +\&\*(L"\s-1STATUS_VARIABLES\*(R"\s0. +.IP "buffer_pool" 4 +.IX Item "buffer_pool" +Displays data about InnoDB's buffer pool. Data source: \*(L"\s-1STATUS_VARIABLES\*(R"\s0. +.IP "cmd_summary" 4 +.IX Item "cmd_summary" +Displays weighted status variables. Data source: \*(L"\s-1STATUS_VARIABLES\*(R"\s0. +.IP "deadlock_locks" 4 +.IX Item "deadlock_locks" +Shows which locks were held and waited for by the last detected deadlock. Data +source: \*(L"\s-1DEADLOCK_LOCKS\*(R"\s0. +.IP "deadlock_transactions" 4 +.IX Item "deadlock_transactions" +Shows transactions involved in the last detected deadlock. Data source: +\&\*(L"\s-1DEADLOCK_TRANSACTIONS\*(R"\s0. +.IP "explain" 4 +.IX Item "explain" +Shows the output of \s-1EXPLAIN. \s0 Data source: \*(L"\s-1EXPLAIN\*(R"\s0. +.IP "file_io_misc" 4 +.IX Item "file_io_misc" +Displays data about InnoDB's file and I/O operations. Data source: +\&\*(L"\s-1STATUS_VARIABLES\*(R"\s0. +.IP "fk_error" 4 +.IX Item "fk_error" +Displays various data about InnoDB's last foreign key error. Data source: +\&\*(L"\s-1STATUS_VARIABLES\*(R"\s0. +.IP "health_dashboard" 4 +.IX Item "health_dashboard" +Displays an overall summary of servers, one server per line, for monitoring. +Data source: \*(L"\s-1STATUS_VARIABLES\*(R"\s0, \*(L"\s-1MASTER_SLAVE\*(R"\s0, \*(L"\s-1PROCESSLIST_STATS\*(R"\s0. +.IP "index_statistics" 4 +.IX Item "index_statistics" +Displays data from the \s-1INDEX_STATISTICS\s0 table in Percona-enhanced servers. +.IP "index_table_statistics" 4 +.IX Item "index_table_statistics" +Displays data from the \s-1INDEX_STATISTICS\s0 and \s-1TABLE_STATISTICS\s0 tables in +Percona-enhanced servers. It joins the two together, grouped by the database +and table name. It is the default view in \*(L"U: User Statistics\*(R" mode, +and makes it easy to see what tables are hot, how many rows are read from indexes, +how many changes are made, and how many changes are made to indexes. +.IP "innodb_blocked_blocker" 4 +.IX Item "innodb_blocked_blocker" +Displays InnoDB locks and lock waits. Data source: \*(L"\s-1INNODB_BLOCKED_BLOCKER\*(R"\s0. +.IP "innodb_locks" 4 +.IX Item "innodb_locks" +Displays InnoDB locks. Data source: \*(L"\s-1INNODB_LOCKS\*(R"\s0. +.IP "innodb_transactions" 4 +.IX Item "innodb_transactions" +Displays data about InnoDB's current transactions. Data source: +\&\*(L"\s-1INNODB_TRANSACTIONS\*(R"\s0. +.IP "insert_buffers" 4 +.IX Item "insert_buffers" +Displays data about InnoDB's insert buffer. Data source: \*(L"\s-1STATUS_VARIABLES\*(R"\s0. +.IP "io_threads" 4 +.IX Item "io_threads" +Displays data about InnoDB's I/O threads. Data source: \*(L"\s-1IO_THREADS\*(R"\s0. +.IP "log_statistics" 4 +.IX Item "log_statistics" +Displays data about InnoDB's logging system. Data source: \*(L"\s-1STATUS_VARIABLES\*(R"\s0. +.IP "master_status" 4 +.IX Item "master_status" +Displays replication master status. Data source: \*(L"\s-1STATUS_VARIABLES\*(R"\s0. +.IP "open_tables" 4 +.IX Item "open_tables" +Displays open tables. Data source: \*(L"\s-1OPEN_TABLES\*(R"\s0. +.IP "page_statistics" 4 +.IX Item "page_statistics" +Displays InnoDB page statistics. Data source: \*(L"\s-1STATUS_VARIABLES\*(R"\s0. +.IP "pending_io" 4 +.IX Item "pending_io" +Displays InnoDB pending I/O operations. Data source: \*(L"\s-1STATUS_VARIABLES\*(R"\s0. +.IP "processlist" 4 +.IX Item "processlist" +Displays current MySQL processes (threads/connections). Data source: +\&\*(L"\s-1PROCESSLIST\*(R"\s0. +.IP "q_header" 4 +.IX Item "q_header" +Displays various status values. Data source: \*(L"\s-1STATUS_VARIABLES\*(R"\s0. +.IP "row_operation_misc" 4 +.IX Item "row_operation_misc" +Displays data about InnoDB's row operations. Data source: +\&\*(L"\s-1STATUS_VARIABLES\*(R"\s0. +.IP "row_operations" 4 +.IX Item "row_operations" +Displays data about InnoDB's row operations. Data source: +\&\*(L"\s-1STATUS_VARIABLES\*(R"\s0. +.IP "semaphores" 4 +.IX Item "semaphores" +Displays data about InnoDB's semaphores and mutexes. Data source: +\&\*(L"\s-1STATUS_VARIABLES\*(R"\s0. +.IP "slave_io_status" 4 +.IX Item "slave_io_status" +Displays data about the slave I/O thread. Data source: +\&\*(L"\s-1STATUS_VARIABLES\*(R"\s0. +.IP "slave_sql_status" 4 +.IX Item "slave_sql_status" +Displays data about the slave \s-1SQL\s0 thread. Data source: \*(L"\s-1STATUS_VARIABLES\*(R"\s0. +.IP "table_statistics" 4 +.IX Item "table_statistics" +Displays data from the \s-1TABLE_STATISTICS\s0 table in Percona-enhanced servers. +.IP "t_header" 4 +.IX Item "t_header" +Displays various InnoDB status values. Data source: \*(L"\s-1STATUS_VARIABLES\*(R"\s0. +.IP "var_status" 4 +.IX Item "var_status" +Displays user-configurable data. Data source: \*(L"\s-1STATUS_VARIABLES\*(R"\s0. +.IP "wait_array" 4 +.IX Item "wait_array" +Displays data about InnoDB's \s-1OS\s0 wait array. Data source: \*(L"\s-1OS_WAIT_ARRAY\*(R"\s0. +.SS "\s-1COLUMNS\s0" +.IX Subsection "COLUMNS" +Columns belong to tables. You can choose a table's columns by pressing the '^' +key, which starts the \*(L"\s-1TABLE EDITOR\*(R"\s0 and lets you choose and edit columns. +Pressing 'e' from within the table editor lets you edit the column's properties: +.IP "\(bu" 4 +hdr: a column header. This appears in the first row of the table. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +just: justification. '\-' means left-justified and '' means right-justified, +just as with printf formatting codes (not a coincidence). +.IP "\(bu" 4 +dec: whether to further align the column on the decimal point. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +num: whether the column is numeric. This affects how values are sorted +(lexically or numerically). +.IP "\(bu" 4 +label: a small note about the column, which appears in dialogs that help the +user choose columns. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +src: an expression that innotop uses to extract the column's data from its +source (see \*(L"\s-1DATA SOURCES\*(R"\s0). See \*(L"\s-1EXPRESSIONS\*(R"\s0 for more on expressions. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +minw: specifies a minimum display width. This helps stabilize the display, +which makes it easier to read if the data is changing frequently. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +maxw: similar to minw. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +trans: a list of column transformations. See \*(L"\s-1TRANSFORMATIONS\*(R"\s0. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +agg: an aggregate function. See \*(L"\s-1GROUPING\*(R"\s0. The default is \*(L"first\*(R". +.IP "\(bu" 4 +aggonly: controls whether the column only shows when grouping is enabled on the +table (see \*(L"\s-1GROUPING\*(R"\s0). By default, this is disabled. This means columns +will always be shown by default, whether grouping is enabled or not. If a +column's aggonly is set true, the column will appear when you toggle grouping on +the table. Several columns are set this way, such as the count column on +\&\*(L"processlist\*(R" and \*(L"innodb_transactions\*(R", so you don't see a count when the +grouping isn't enabled, but you do when it is. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +agghide: the reverse of aggonly. The column is hidden when grouping is enabled. +.SS "\s-1FILTERS\s0" +.IX Subsection "FILTERS" +Filters remove rows from the display. They behave much like a \s-1WHERE\s0 clause in +\&\s-1SQL. \s0 innotop has several built-in filters, which remove irrelevant information +like inactive queries, but you can define your own as well. innotop also lets +you create quick-filters, which do not get saved to the configuration file, and +are just an easy way to quickly view only some rows. +.PP +You can enable or disable a filter on any table. Press the '%' key (mnemonic: % +looks kind of like a line being filtered between two circles) and choose which +table you want to filter, if asked. You'll then see a list of possible filters +and a list of filters currently enabled for that table. Type the names of +filters you want to apply and press Enter. +.PP +\fIUSER-DEFINED \s-1FILTERS\s0\fR +.IX Subsection "USER-DEFINED FILTERS" +.PP +If you type a name that doesn't exist, innotop will prompt you to create the +filter. Filters are easy to create if you know Perl, and not hard if you don't. +What you're doing is creating a subroutine that returns true if the row should +be displayed. The row is a hash reference passed to your subroutine as \f(CW$set\fR. +.PP +For example, imagine you want to filter the processlist table so you only see +queries that have been running more than five minutes. Type a new name for your +filter, and when prompted for the subroutine body, press \s-1TAB\s0 to initiate your +terminal's auto-completion. You'll see the names of the columns in the +\&\*(L"processlist\*(R" table (innotop generally tries to help you with auto-completion +lists). You want to filter on the 'time' column. Type the text \*(L"$set\->{time} > +300\*(R" to return true when the query is more than five minutes old. That's all +you need to do. +.PP +In other words, the code you're typing is surrounded by an implicit context, +which looks like this: +.PP +.Vb 4 +\& sub filter { +\& my ( $set ) = @_; +\& # YOUR CODE HERE +\& } +.Ve +.PP +If your filter doesn't work, or if something else suddenly behaves differently, +you might have made an error in your filter, and innotop is silently catching +the error. Try enabling \*(L"debug\*(R" to make innotop throw an error instead. +.PP +\fIQUICK-FILTERS\fR +.IX Subsection "QUICK-FILTERS" +.PP +innotop's quick-filters are a shortcut to create a temporary filter that doesn't +persist when you restart innotop. To create a quick-filter, press the '/' key. +innotop will prompt you for the column name and filter text. Again, you can use +auto-completion on column names. The filter text can be just the text you want +to \*(L"search for.\*(R" For example, to filter the \*(L"processlist\*(R" table on queries +that refer to the products table, type '/' and then 'info product'. Internally, +the filter is compiled into a subroutine like this: +.PP +.Vb 4 +\& sub filter { +\& my ( $set ) = @_; +\& $set\->{info} =~ m/product/; +\& } +.Ve +.PP +The filter text can actually be any Perl regular expression, but of course a +literal string like 'product' works fine as a regular expression. +.PP +What if you want the filter to discard matching rows, rather than showing +matching rows? If you're familiar with Perl regular expressions, you might +guess how to do this. You have to use a zero-width negative lookahead +assertion. If you don't know what that means, don't worry. Let's filter out +all rows where the command is Gandalf. Type the following: +.PP +.Vb 2 +\& 1. / +\& 2. cmd ^(?!Gandalf) +.Ve +.PP +Behind the scenes innotop compiles the quick-filter into a specially tagged +filter that is otherwise like any other filter. It just isn't saved to the +configuration file. +.PP +To clear quick-filters, press the '\e' key and innotop will clear them all at +once. +.SS "\s-1SORTING\s0" +.IX Subsection "SORTING" +innotop has sensible built-in defaults to sort the most important rows to the +top of the table. Like anything else in innotop, you can customize how any +table is sorted. +.PP +To start the sort dialog, start the \*(L"\s-1TABLE EDITOR\*(R"\s0 with the '^' key, choose a +table if necessary, and press the 's' key. You'll see a list of columns you can +use in the sort expression and the current sort expression, if any. Enter a +list of columns by which you want to sort and press Enter. If you want to +reverse sort, prefix the column name with a minus sign. For example, if you +want to sort by column a ascending, then column b descending, type 'a \-b'. You +can also explicitly add a + in front of columns you want to sort ascending, but +it's not required. +.PP +Some modes have keys mapped to open this dialog directly, and to quickly reverse +sort direction. Press '?' as usual to see which keys are mapped in any mode. +.SS "\s-1GROUPING\s0" +.IX Subsection "GROUPING" +innotop can group, or aggregate, rows together (the terms are used +interchangeably). This is quite similar to an \s-1SQL GROUP BY\s0 clause. You can +specify to group on certain columns, or if you don't specify any, the entire set +of rows is treated as one group. This is quite like \s-1SQL\s0 so far, but unlike \s-1SQL,\s0 +you can also select un-grouped columns. innotop actually aggregates every +column. If you don't explicitly specify a grouping function, the default is +\&'first'. This is basically a convenience so you don't have to specify an +aggregate function for every column you want in the result. +.PP +You can quickly toggle grouping on a table with the '=' key, which toggles its +aggregate property. This property doesn't persist to the config file. +.PP +The columns by which the table is grouped are specified in its group_by +property. When you turn grouping on, innotop places the group_by columns at the +far left of the table, even if they're not supposed to be visible. The rest of +the visible columns appear in order after them. +.PP +Two tables have default group_by lists and a count column built in: +\&\*(L"processlist\*(R" and \*(L"innodb_transactions\*(R". The grouping is by connection +and status, so you can quickly see how many queries or transactions are in a +given status on each server you're monitoring. The time columns are aggregated +as a sum; other columns are left at the default 'first' aggregation. +.PP +By default, the table shown in \*(L"S: Variables & Status\*(R" mode also uses +grouping so you can monitor variables and status across many servers. The +default aggregation function in this mode is 'avg'. +.PP +Valid grouping functions are defined in the \f(CW%agg_funcs\fR hash. They include +.IP "first" 4 +.IX Item "first" +Returns the first element in the group. +.IP "count" 4 +.IX Item "count" +Returns the number of elements in the group, including undefined elements, much +like \s-1SQL\s0's \s-1COUNT\s0(*). +.IP "avg" 4 +.IX Item "avg" +Returns the average of defined elements in the group. +.IP "sum" 4 +.IX Item "sum" +Returns the sum of elements in the group. +.PP +Here's an example of grouping at work. Suppose you have a very busy server with +hundreds of open connections, and you want to see how many connections are in +what status. Using the built-in grouping rules, you can press 'Q' to enter +\&\*(L"Q: Query List\*(R" mode. Press '=' to toggle grouping (if necessary, select the +\&\*(L"processlist\*(R" table when prompted). +.PP +Your display might now look like the following: +.PP +.Vb 1 +\& Query List (? for help) localhost, 32:33, 0.11 QPS, 1 thd, 5.0.38\-log +\& +\& CXN Cmd Cnt ID User Host Time Query +\& localhost Query 49 12933 webusr localhost 19:38 SELECT * FROM +\& localhost Sending Da 23 2383 webusr localhost 12:43 SELECT col1, +\& localhost Sleep 120 140 webusr localhost 5:18:12 +\& localhost Statistics 12 19213 webusr localhost 01:19 SELECT * FROM +.Ve +.PP +That's actually quite a worrisome picture. You've got a lot of idle connections +(Sleep), and some connections executing queries (Query and Sending Data). +That's okay, but you also have a lot in Statistics status, collectively spending +over a minute. That means the query optimizer is having a really hard time +generating execution plans for your statements. Something is wrong; it should +normally take milliseconds to plan queries. You might not have seen this pattern if you +didn't look at your connections in aggregate. (This is a made-up example, but +it can happen in real life). +.SS "\s-1PIVOTING\s0" +.IX Subsection "PIVOTING" +innotop can pivot a table for more compact display, similar to a Pivot Table in +a spreadsheet (also known as a crosstab). Pivoting a table makes columns into +rows. Assume you start with this table: +.PP +.Vb 4 +\& foo bar +\& === === +\& 1 3 +\& 2 4 +.Ve +.PP +After pivoting, the table will look like this: +.PP +.Vb 4 +\& name set0 set1 +\& ==== ==== ==== +\& foo 1 2 +\& bar 3 4 +.Ve +.PP +To get reasonable results, you might need to group as well as pivoting. +innotop currently does this for \*(L"S: Variables & Status\*(R" mode. +.SS "\s-1COLORS\s0" +.IX Subsection "COLORS" +By default, innotop highlights rows with color so you can see at a glance which +rows are more important. You can customize the colorization rules and add your +own to any table. Open the table editor with the '^' key, choose a table if +needed, and press 'o' to open the color editor dialog. +.PP +The color editor dialog displays the rules applied to the table, in the order +they are evaluated. Each row is evaluated against each rule to see if the rule +matches the row; if it does, the row gets the specified color, and no further +rules are evaluated. The rules look like the following: +.PP +.Vb 9 +\& state eq Locked black on_red +\& cmd eq Sleep white +\& user eq system user white +\& cmd eq Connect white +\& cmd eq Binlog Dump white +\& time > 600 red +\& time > 120 yellow +\& time > 60 green +\& time > 30 cyan +.Ve +.PP +This is the default rule set for the \*(L"processlist\*(R" table. In order of +priority, these rules make locked queries black on a red background, \*(L"gray out\*(R" +connections from replication and sleeping queries, and make queries turn from +cyan to red as they run longer. +.PP +(For some reason, the \s-1ANSI\s0 color code \*(L"white\*(R" is actually a light gray. Your +terminal's display may vary; experiment to find colors you like). +.PP +You can use keystrokes to move the rules up and down, which re-orders their +priority. You can also delete rules and add new ones. If you add a new rule, +innotop prompts you for the column, an operator for the comparison, a value +against which to compare the column, and a color to assign if the rule matches. +There is auto-completion and prompting at each step. +.PP +The value in the third step needs to be correctly quoted. innotop does not try +to quote the value because it doesn't know whether it should treat the value as +a string or a number. If you want to compare the column against a string, as +for example in the first rule above, you should enter 'Locked' surrounded by +quotes. If you get an error message about a bareword, you probably should have +quoted something. +.SS "\s-1EXPRESSIONS\s0" +.IX Subsection "EXPRESSIONS" +Expressions are at the core of how innotop works, and are what enables you to +extend innotop as you wish. Recall the table lifecycle explained in +\&\*(L"\s-1TABLES\*(R"\s0. Expressions are used in the earliest step, where it extracts +values from a data source to form rows. +.PP +It does this by calling a subroutine for each column, passing it the source data +set, a set of current values, and a set of previous values. These are all +needed so the subroutine can calculate things like the difference between this +tick and the previous tick. +.PP +The subroutines that extract the data from the set are compiled from +expressions. This gives significantly more power than just naming the values to +fill the columns, because it allows the column's value to be calculated from +whatever data is necessary, but avoids the need to write complicated and lengthy +Perl code. +.PP +innotop begins with a string of text that can look as simple as a value's name +or as complicated as a full-fledged Perl expression. It looks at each +\&'bareword' token in the string and decides whether it's supposed to be a key +into the \f(CW$set\fR hash. A bareword is an unquoted value that isn't already +surrounded by code-ish things like dollar signs or curly brackets. If innotop +decides that the bareword isn't a function or other valid Perl code, it converts +it into a hash access. After the whole string is processed, innotop compiles a +subroutine, like this: +.PP +.Vb 5 +\& sub compute_column_value { +\& my ( $set, $cur, $pre ) = @_; +\& my $val = # EXPANDED STRING GOES HERE +\& return $val; +\& } +.Ve +.PP +Here's a concrete example, taken from the header table \*(L"q_header\*(R" in \*(L"Q: +Query List\*(R" mode. This expression calculates the qps, or Queries Per Second, +column's values, from the values returned by \s-1SHOW STATUS:\s0 +.PP +.Vb 1 +\& Questions/Uptime_hires +.Ve +.PP +innotop decides both words are barewords, and transforms this expression into +the following Perl code: +.PP +.Vb 1 +\& $set\->{Questions}/$set\->{Uptime_hires} +.Ve +.PP +When surrounded by the rest of the subroutine's code, this is executable Perl +that calculates a high-resolution queries-per-second value. +.PP +The arguments to the subroutine are named \f(CW$set\fR, \f(CW$cur\fR, and \f(CW$pre\fR. In most cases, +\&\f(CW$set\fR and \f(CW$cur\fR will be the same values. However, if \*(L"status_inc\*(R" is set, \f(CW$cur\fR +will not be the same as \f(CW$set\fR, because \f(CW$set\fR will already contain values that are +the incremental difference between \f(CW$cur\fR and \f(CW$pre\fR. +.PP +Every column in innotop is computed by subroutines compiled in the same fashion. +There is no difference between innotop's built-in columns and user-defined +columns. This keeps things consistent and predictable. +.SS "\s-1TRANSFORMATIONS\s0" +.IX Subsection "TRANSFORMATIONS" +Transformations change how a value is rendered. For example, they can take a +number of seconds and display it in H:M:S format. The following transformations +are defined: +.IP "commify" 4 +.IX Item "commify" +Adds commas to large numbers every three decimal places. +.IP "distill" 4 +.IX Item "distill" +Distills \s-1SQL\s0 into verb-noun-noun format for quick comprehension. +.IP "dulint_to_int" 4 +.IX Item "dulint_to_int" +Accepts two unsigned integers and converts them into a single longlong. This is +useful for certain operations with InnoDB, which uses two integers as +transaction identifiers, for example. +.IP "fuzzy_time" 4 +.IX Item "fuzzy_time" +Converts a number of seconds into a friendly, readable value like \*(L"1h35m\*(R". +.IP "no_ctrl_char" 4 +.IX Item "no_ctrl_char" +Removes quoted control characters from the value. This is affected by the +\&\*(L"charset\*(R" configuration variable. +.Sp +This transformation only operates within quoted strings, for example, values to +a \s-1SET\s0 clause in an \s-1UPDATE\s0 statement. It will not alter the \s-1UPDATE\s0 statement, +but will collapse the quoted string to [\s-1BINARY\s0] or [\s-1TEXT\s0], depending on the +charset. +.IP "percent" 4 +.IX Item "percent" +Converts a number to a percentage by multiplying it by two, formatting it with +\&\*(L"num_digits\*(R" digits after the decimal point, and optionally adding a percent +sign (see \*(L"show_percent\*(R"). +.IP "secs_to_time" 4 +.IX Item "secs_to_time" +Formats a number of seconds as time in days+hours:minutes:seconds format. +.IP "set_precision" 4 +.IX Item "set_precision" +Formats numbers with \*(L"num_digits\*(R" number of digits after the decimal point. +.IP "shorten" 4 +.IX Item "shorten" +Formats a number as a unit of 1024 (k/M/G/T) and with \*(L"num_digits\*(R" number of +digits after the decimal point. +.SS "\s-1TABLE EDITOR\s0" +.IX Subsection "TABLE EDITOR" +The innotop table editor lets you customize tables with keystrokes. You start +the table editor with the '^' key. If there's more than one table on the +screen, it will prompt you to choose one of them. Once you do, innotop will +show you something like this: +.PP +.Vb 1 +\& Editing table definition for Buffer Pool. Press ? for help, q to quit. +\& +\& name hdr label src +\& cxn CXN Connection from which cxn +\& buf_pool_size Size Buffer pool size IB_bp_buf_poo +\& buf_free Free Bufs Buffers free in the b IB_bp_buf_fre +\& pages_total Pages Pages total IB_bp_pages_t +\& pages_modified Dirty Pages Pages modified (dirty IB_bp_pages_m +\& buf_pool_hit_rate Hit Rate Buffer pool hit rate IB_bp_buf_poo +\& total_mem_alloc Memory Total memory allocate IB_bp_total_m +\& add_pool_alloc Add\*(Aql Pool Additional pool alloca IB_bp_add_poo +.Ve +.PP +The first line shows which table you're editing, and reminds you again to press +\&'?' for a list of key mappings. The rest is a tabular representation of the +table's columns, because that's likely what you're trying to edit. However, you +can edit more than just the table's columns; this screen can start the filter +editor, color rule editor, and more. +.PP +Each row in the display shows a single column in the table you're editing, along +with a couple of its properties such as its header and source expression (see +\&\*(L"\s-1EXPRESSIONS\*(R"\s0). +.PP +The key mappings are Vim-style, as in many other places. Pressing 'j' and 'k' +moves the highlight up or down. You can then (d)elete or (e)dit the highlighted +column. You can also (a)dd a column to the table. This actually just activates +one of the columns already defined for the table; it prompts you to choose from +among the columns available but not currently displayed. Finally, you can +re-order the columns with the '+' and '\-' keys. +.PP +You can do more than just edit the columns with the table editor, you can also +edit other properties, such as the table's sort expression and group-by +expression. Press '?' to see the full list, of course. +.PP +If you want to really customize and create your own column, as opposed to just +activating a built-in one that's not currently displayed, press the (n)ew key, +and innotop will prompt you for the information it needs: +.IP "\(bu" 4 +The column name: this needs to be a word without any funny characters, e.g. just +letters, numbers and underscores. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +The column header: this is the label that appears at the top of the column, in +the table header. This can have spaces and funny characters, but be careful not +to make it too wide and waste space on-screen. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +The column's data source: this is an expression that determines what data from +the source (see \*(L"\s-1TABLES\*(R"\s0) innotop will put into the column. This can just be +the name of an item in the source, or it can be a more complex expression, as +described in \*(L"\s-1EXPRESSIONS\*(R"\s0. +.PP +Once you've entered the required data, your table has a new column. There is no +difference between this column and the built-in ones; it can have all the same +properties and behaviors. innotop will write the column's definition to the +configuration file, so it will persist across sessions. +.PP +Here's an example: suppose you want to track how many times your slaves have +retried transactions. According to the MySQL manual, the +Slave_retried_transactions status variable gives you that data: \*(L"The total +number of times since startup that the replication slave \s-1SQL\s0 thread has retried +transactions. This variable was added in version 5.0.4.\*(R" This is appropriate to +add to the \*(L"slave_sql_status\*(R" table. +.PP +To add the column, switch to the replication-monitoring mode with the 'M' key, +and press the '^' key to start the table editor. When prompted, choose +slave_sql_status as the table, then press 'n' to create the column. Type +\&'retries' as the column name, 'Retries' as the column header, and +\&'Slave_retried_transactions' as the source. Now the column is created, and you +see the table editor screen again. Press 'q' to exit the table editor, and +you'll see your column at the end of the table. +.SH "VARIABLE SETS" +.IX Header "VARIABLE SETS" +Variable sets are used in \*(L"S: Variables & Status\*(R" mode to define more easily +what variables you want to monitor. Behind the scenes they are compiled to a +list of expressions, and then into a column list so they can be treated just +like columns in any other table, in terms of data extraction and +transformations. However, you're protected from the tedious details by a syntax +that ought to feel very natural to you: a \s-1SQL SELECT\s0 list. +.PP +The data source for variable sets, and indeed the entire S mode, is the +combination of \s-1SHOW STATUS, SHOW VARIABLES,\s0 and \s-1SHOW INNODB STATUS. \s0 Imagine +that you had a huge table with one column per variable returned from those +statements. That's the data source for variable sets. You can now query this +data source just like you'd expect. For example: +.PP +.Vb 1 +\& Questions, Uptime, Questions/Uptime as QPS +.Ve +.PP +Behind the scenes innotop will split that variable set into three expressions, +compile them and turn them into a table definition, then extract as usual. This +becomes a \*(L"variable set,\*(R" or a \*(L"list of variables you want to monitor.\*(R" +.PP +innotop lets you name and save your variable sets, and writes them to the +configuration file. You can choose which variable set you want to see with the +\&'c' key, or activate the next and previous sets with the '>' and '<' keys. +There are many built-in variable sets as well, which should give you a good +start for creating your own. Press 'e' to edit the current variable set, or +just to see how it's defined. To create a new one, just press 'c' and type its +name. +.PP +You may want to use some of the functions listed in \*(L"\s-1TRANSFORMATIONS\*(R"\s0 to help +format the results. In particular, \*(L"set_precision\*(R" is often useful to limit +the number of digits you see. Extending the above example, here's how: +.PP +.Vb 1 +\& Questions, Uptime, set_precision(Questions/Uptime) as QPS +.Ve +.PP +Actually, this still needs a little more work. If your \*(L"interval\*(R" is less +than one second, you might be dividing by zero because Uptime is incremental in +this mode by default. Instead, use Uptime_hires: +.PP +.Vb 1 +\& Questions, Uptime, set_precision(Questions/Uptime_hires) as QPS +.Ve +.PP +This example is simple, but it shows how easy it is to choose which variables +you want to monitor. +.SH "PLUGINS" +.IX Header "PLUGINS" +innotop has a simple but powerful plugin mechanism by which you can extend +or modify its existing functionality, and add new functionality. innotop's +plugin functionality is event-based: plugins register themselves to be called +when events happen. They then have a chance to influence the event. +.PP +An innotop plugin is a Perl module (.pm) file placed in innotop's \*(L"plugin_dir\*(R" +directory. On \s-1UNIX\s0 systems, you can place a symbolic link to the module instead +of putting the actual file there. innotop automatically discovers files named \f(CW\*(C`*.pm\*(C'\fR. If +there is a corresponding entry in the \*(L"plugins\*(R" configuration file section, +innotop loads and activates the plugin. +.PP +The module must conform to innotop's plugin interface. Additionally, the source +code of the module must be written in such a way that innotop can inspect the +file and determine the package name and description. +.SS "Package Source Convention" +.IX Subsection "Package Source Convention" +innotop inspects the plugin module's source to determine the Perl package name. +It looks for a line of the form \*(L"package Foo;\*(R" and if found, considers the +plugin's package name to be Foo. Of course the package name can be a valid Perl +package name such as Foo::Bar, with double colons (::) and so on. +.PP +It also looks for a description in the source code, to make the plugin editor +more human-friendly. The description is a comment line of the form \*(L"# +description: Foo\*(R", where \*(L"Foo\*(R" is the text innotop will consider to be the +plugin's description. +.SS "Plugin Interface" +.IX Subsection "Plugin Interface" +The innotop plugin interface is quite simple: innotop expects the plugin to be +an object-oriented module it can call certain methods on. The methods are +.IP "new(%variables)" 4 +.IX Item "new(%variables)" +This is the plugin's constructor. It is passed a hash of innotop's variables, +which it can manipulate (see \*(L"Plugin Variables\*(R"). It must return a reference +to the newly created plugin object. +.Sp +At construction time, innotop has only loaded the general configuration and +created the default built-in variables with their default contents (which is +quite a lot). Therefore, the state of the program is exactly as in the innotop +source code, plus the configuration variables from the \*(L"general\*(R" section in +the config file. +.Sp +If your plugin manipulates the variables, it is changing global data, which is +shared by innotop and all plugins. Plugins are loaded in the order they're +listed in the config file. Your plugin may load before or after another plugin, +so there is a potential for conflict or interaction between plugins if they +modify data other plugins use or modify. +.IP "\fIregister_for_events()\fR" 4 +.IX Item "register_for_events()" +This method must return a list of events in which the plugin is interested, if +any. See \*(L"Plugin Events\*(R" for the defined events. If the plugin returns an +event that's not defined, the event is ignored. +.IP "event handlers" 4 +.IX Item "event handlers" +The plugin must implement a method named the same as each event for which it has +registered. In other words, if the plugin returns qw(foo bar) from +\&\fIregister_for_events()\fR, it must have \fIfoo()\fR and \fIbar()\fR methods. These methods are +callbacks for the events. See \*(L"Plugin Events\*(R" for more details about each +event. +.SS "Plugin Variables" +.IX Subsection "Plugin Variables" +The plugin's constructor is passed a hash of innotop's variables, which it can +manipulate. It is probably a good idea if the plugin object saves a copy of it +for later use. The variables are defined in the innotop variable +\&\f(CW%pluggable_vars\fR, and are as follows: +.IP "action_for" 4 +.IX Item "action_for" +A hashref of key mappings. These are innotop's global hot-keys. +.IP "agg_funcs" 4 +.IX Item "agg_funcs" +A hashref of functions that can be used for grouping. See \*(L"\s-1GROUPING\*(R"\s0. +.IP "config" 4 +.IX Item "config" +The global configuration hash. +.IP "connections" 4 +.IX Item "connections" +A hashref of connection specifications. These are just specifications of how to +connect to a server. +.IP "dbhs" 4 +.IX Item "dbhs" +A hashref of innotop's database connections. These are actual \s-1DBI\s0 connection +objects. +.IP "filters" 4 +.IX Item "filters" +A hashref of filters applied to table rows. See \*(L"\s-1FILTERS\*(R"\s0 for more. +.IP "modes" 4 +.IX Item "modes" +A hashref of modes. See \*(L"\s-1MODES\*(R"\s0 for more. +.IP "server_groups" 4 +.IX Item "server_groups" +A hashref of server groups. See \*(L"\s-1SERVER GROUPS\*(R"\s0. +.IP "tbl_meta" 4 +.IX Item "tbl_meta" +A hashref of innotop's table meta-data, with one entry per table (see +\&\*(L"\s-1TABLES\*(R"\s0 for more information). +.IP "trans_funcs" 4 +.IX Item "trans_funcs" +A hashref of transformation functions. See \*(L"\s-1TRANSFORMATIONS\*(R"\s0. +.IP "var_sets" 4 +.IX Item "var_sets" +A hashref of variable sets. See \*(L"\s-1VARIABLE SETS\*(R"\s0. +.SS "Plugin Events" +.IX Subsection "Plugin Events" +Each event is defined somewhere in the innotop source code. When innotop runs +that code, it executes the callback function for each plugin that expressed its +interest in the event. innotop passes some data for each event. The events are +defined in the \f(CW%event_listener_for\fR variable, and are as follows: +.ie n .IP "extract_values($set, $cur, $pre, $tbl)" 4 +.el .IP "extract_values($set, \f(CW$cur\fR, \f(CW$pre\fR, \f(CW$tbl\fR)" 4 +.IX Item "extract_values($set, $cur, $pre, $tbl)" +This event occurs inside the function that extracts values from a data source. +The arguments are the set of values, the current values, the previous values, +and the table name. +.IP "set_to_tbl" 4 +.IX Item "set_to_tbl" +Events are defined at many places in this subroutine, which is responsible for +turning an arrayref of hashrefs into an arrayref of lines that can be printed to +the screen. The events all pass the same data: an arrayref of rows and the name +of the table being created. The events are set_to_tbl_pre_filter, +set_to_tbl_pre_sort,set_to_tbl_pre_group, set_to_tbl_pre_colorize, +set_to_tbl_pre_transform, set_to_tbl_pre_pivot, set_to_tbl_pre_create, +set_to_tbl_post_create. +.IP "draw_screen($lines)" 4 +.IX Item "draw_screen($lines)" +This event occurs inside the subroutine that prints the lines to the screen. +\&\f(CW$lines\fR is an arrayref of strings. +.SS "Simple Plugin Example" +.IX Subsection "Simple Plugin Example" +The easiest way to explain the plugin functionality is probably with a simple +example. The following module adds a column to the beginning of every table and +sets its value to 1. (If you copy and paste this example code, be sure to remove +the first space from each line; lines such as '# description' must not start with +whitespace). +.PP +.Vb 2 +\& use strict; +\& use warnings FATAL => \*(Aqall\*(Aq; +\& +\& package Innotop::Plugin::Example; +\& # description: Adds an \*(Aqexample\*(Aq column to every table +\& +\& sub new { +\& my ( $class, %vars ) = @_; +\& # Store reference to innotop\*(Aqs variables in $self +\& my $self = bless { %vars }, $class; +\& +\& # Design the example column +\& my $col = { +\& hdr => \*(AqExample\*(Aq, +\& just => \*(Aq\*(Aq, +\& dec => 0, +\& num => 1, +\& label => \*(AqExample\*(Aq, +\& src => \*(Aqexample\*(Aq, # Get data from this column in the data source +\& tbl => \*(Aq\*(Aq, +\& trans => [], +\& }; +\& +\& # Add the column to every table. +\& my $tbl_meta = $vars{tbl_meta}; +\& foreach my $tbl ( values %$tbl_meta ) { +\& # Add the column to the list of defined columns +\& $tbl\->{cols}\->{example} = $col; +\& # Add the column to the list of visible columns +\& unshift @{$tbl\->{visible}}, \*(Aqexample\*(Aq; +\& } +\& +\& # Be sure to return a reference to the object. +\& return $self; +\& } +\& +\& # I\*(Aqd like to be called when a data set is being rendered into a table, please. +\& sub register_for_events { +\& my ( $self ) = @_; +\& return qw(set_to_tbl_pre_filter); +\& } +\& +\& # This method will be called when the event fires. +\& sub set_to_tbl_pre_filter { +\& my ( $self, $rows, $tbl ) = @_; +\& # Set the example column\*(Aqs data source to the value 1. +\& foreach my $row ( @$rows ) { +\& $row\->{example} = 1; +\& } +\& } +\& +\& 1; +.Ve +.SS "Plugin Editor" +.IX Subsection "Plugin Editor" +The plugin editor lets you view the plugins innotop discovered and activate or +deactivate them. Start the editor by pressing $ to start the configuration +editor from any mode. Press the 'p' key to start the plugin editor. You'll see +a list of plugins innotop discovered. You can use the 'j' and 'k' keys to move +the highlight to the desired one, then press the * key to toggle it active or +inactive. Exit the editor and restart innotop for the changes to take effect. +.SH "SQL STATEMENTS" +.IX Header "SQL STATEMENTS" +innotop uses a limited set of \s-1SQL\s0 statements to retrieve data from MySQL for +display. The statements are customized depending on the server version against +which they are executed; for example, on MySQL 5 and newer, \s-1INNODB_STATUS\s0 +executes \*(L"\s-1SHOW ENGINE INNODB STATUS\*(R",\s0 while on earlier versions it executes +\&\*(L"\s-1SHOW INNODB STATUS\*(R". \s0 The statements are as follows: +.PP +.Vb 10 +\& Statement SQL executed +\& =================== =============================== +\& INDEX_STATISTICS SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.INDEX_STATISTICS +\& INNODB_STATUS SHOW [ENGINE] INNODB STATUS +\& KILL_CONNECTION KILL +\& KILL_QUERY KILL QUERY +\& OPEN_TABLES SHOW OPEN TABLES +\& PROCESSLIST SHOW FULL PROCESSLIST +\& SHOW_MASTER_LOGS SHOW MASTER LOGS +\& SHOW_MASTER_STATUS SHOW MASTER STATUS +\& SHOW_SLAVE_STATUS SHOW SLAVE STATUS +\& SHOW_STATUS SHOW [GLOBAL] STATUS +\& SHOW_VARIABLES SHOW [GLOBAL] VARIABLES +\& TABLE_STATISTICS SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_STATISTICS +.Ve +.SH "DATA SOURCES" +.IX Header "DATA SOURCES" +Each time innotop extracts values to create a table (see \*(L"\s-1EXPRESSIONS\*(R"\s0 and +\&\*(L"\s-1TABLES\*(R"\s0), it does so from a particular data source. Largely because of the +complex data extracted from \s-1SHOW INNODB STATUS,\s0 this is slightly messy. \s-1SHOW +INNODB STATUS\s0 contains a mixture of single values and repeated values that form +nested data sets. +.PP +Whenever innotop fetches data from MySQL, it adds two extra bits to each set: +cxn and Uptime_hires. cxn is the name of the connection from which the data +came. Uptime_hires is a high-resolution version of the server's Uptime status +variable, which is important if your \*(L"interval\*(R" setting is sub-second. +.PP +Here are the kinds of data sources from which data is extracted: +.IP "\s-1STATUS_VARIABLES\s0" 4 +.IX Item "STATUS_VARIABLES" +This is the broadest category, into which the most kinds of data fall. It +begins with the combination of \s-1SHOW STATUS\s0 and \s-1SHOW VARIABLES,\s0 but other sources +may be included as needed, for example, \s-1SHOW MASTER STATUS\s0 and \s-1SHOW SLAVE +STATUS,\s0 as well as many of the non-repeated values from \s-1SHOW INNODB STATUS.\s0 +.IP "\s-1DEADLOCK_LOCKS\s0" 4 +.IX Item "DEADLOCK_LOCKS" +This data is extracted from the transaction list in the \s-1LATEST DETECTED DEADLOCK\s0 +section of \s-1SHOW INNODB STATUS. \s0 It is nested two levels deep: transactions, then +locks. +.IP "\s-1DEADLOCK_TRANSACTIONS\s0" 4 +.IX Item "DEADLOCK_TRANSACTIONS" +This data is from the transaction list in the \s-1LATEST DETECTED DEADLOCK\s0 +section of \s-1SHOW INNODB STATUS. \s0 It is nested one level deep. +.IP "\s-1EXPLAIN\s0" 4 +.IX Item "EXPLAIN" +This data is from the result set returned by \s-1EXPLAIN.\s0 +.IP "\s-1INNODB_BLOCKED_BLOCKER\s0" 4 +.IX Item "INNODB_BLOCKED_BLOCKER" +This data is from the \s-1INFORMATION_SCHEMA\s0 tables related to InnoDB locks and +the processlist. +.IP "\s-1INNODB_TRANSACTIONS\s0" 4 +.IX Item "INNODB_TRANSACTIONS" +This data is from the \s-1TRANSACTIONS\s0 section of \s-1SHOW INNODB STATUS.\s0 +.IP "\s-1IO_THREADS\s0" 4 +.IX Item "IO_THREADS" +This data is from the list of threads in the \s-1FILE I/O\s0 section of \s-1SHOW INNODB +STATUS.\s0 +.IP "\s-1INNODB_LOCKS\s0" 4 +.IX Item "INNODB_LOCKS" +This data is from the \s-1TRANSACTIONS\s0 section of \s-1SHOW INNODB STATUS\s0 and is nested +two levels deep. +.IP "\s-1MASTER_SLAVE\s0" 4 +.IX Item "MASTER_SLAVE" +This data is from the combination of \s-1SHOW MASTER STATUS\s0 and \s-1SHOW SLAVE STATUS.\s0 +.IP "\s-1OPEN_TABLES\s0" 4 +.IX Item "OPEN_TABLES" +This data is from \s-1SHOW OPEN TABLES.\s0 +.IP "\s-1PROCESSLIST\s0" 4 +.IX Item "PROCESSLIST" +This data is from \s-1SHOW FULL PROCESSLIST.\s0 +.IP "\s-1PROCESSLIST_STATS\s0" 4 +.IX Item "PROCESSLIST_STATS" +This data is from \s-1SHOW FULL PROCESSLIST\s0 and computes stats such as the maximum time +a user query has been running, and how many user queries are running. A \*(L"user +query\*(R" excludes replication threads. +.IP "\s-1OS_WAIT_ARRAY\s0" 4 +.IX Item "OS_WAIT_ARRAY" +This data is from the \s-1SEMAPHORES\s0 section of \s-1SHOW INNODB STATUS\s0 and is nested one +level deep. It comes from the lines that look like this: +.Sp +.Vb 1 +\& \-\-Thread 1568861104 has waited at btr0cur.c line 424 .... +.Ve +.SH "MYSQL PRIVILEGES" +.IX Header "MYSQL PRIVILEGES" +.IP "\(bu" 4 +You must connect to MySQL as a user who has the \s-1SUPER\s0 privilege for many of the +functions. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +If you don't have the \s-1SUPER\s0 privilege, you can still run some functions, but you +won't necessarily see all the same data. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +You need the \s-1PROCESS\s0 privilege to see the list of currently running queries in Q +mode. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +You need special privileges to start and stop slave servers. +.IP "\(bu" 4 +You need appropriate privileges to create and drop the deadlock tables if needed +(see \*(L"\s-1SERVER CONNECTIONS\*(R"\s0). +.SH "SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS" +.IX Header "SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS" +You need Perl to run innotop, of course. You also need a few Perl modules: \s-1DBI,\s0 +DBD::MariaDB, Term::ReadKey, and Time::HiRes. These should be included with most +Perl distributions, but in case they are not, I recommend using versions +distributed with your operating system or Perl distribution, not from \s-1CPAN.\s0 +Term::ReadKey in particular has been known to cause problems if installed from +\&\s-1CPAN.\s0 +.PP +If you have Term::ANSIColor, innotop will use it to format headers more readably +and compactly. (Under Microsoft Windows, you also need Win32::Console::ANSI for +terminal formatting codes to be honored). If you install Term::ReadLine, +preferably Term::ReadLine::Gnu, you'll get nice auto-completion support. +.PP +I run innotop on Gentoo GNU/Linux, Debian and Ubuntu, and I've had feedback from +people successfully running it on Red Hat, CentOS, Solaris, and Mac \s-1OSX. I\s0 +don't see any reason why it won't work on other UNIX-ish operating systems, but +I don't know for sure. It also runs on Windows under ActivePerl without +problem. +.PP +innotop has been used on MySQL versions 3.23.58, 4.0.27, 4.1.0, 4.1.22, 5.0.26, +5.1.15, and 5.2.3. If it doesn't run correctly for you, that is a bug that +should be reported. +.SH "FILES" +.IX Header "FILES" +\&\f(CW$HOMEDIR\fR/.innotop and/or /etc/innotop are used to store +configuration information. Files include the configuration file innotop.conf, +the core_dump file which contains verbose error messages if \*(L"debug\*(R" is +enabled, and the plugins/ subdirectory. +.SH "GLOSSARY OF TERMS" +.IX Header "GLOSSARY OF TERMS" +.IP "tick" 4 +.IX Item "tick" +A tick is a refresh event, when innotop re-fetches data from connections and +displays it. +.SH "ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS" +.IX Header "ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS" +The following people and organizations are acknowledged for various reasons. +Hopefully no one has been forgotten. +.PP +Aaron Racine, +Allen K. Smith, +Aurimas Mikalauskas, +Bartosz Fenski, +Brian Miezejewski, +Christian Hammers, +Cyril Scetbon, +Dane Miller, +David Multer, +Dr. Frank Ullrich, +Giuseppe Maxia, +Google.com Site Reliability Engineers, +Google Code, +Jan Pieter Kunst, +Jari Aalto, +Jay Pipes, +Jeremy Zawodny, +Johan Idren, +Kristian Kohntopp, +Lenz Grimmer, +Maciej Dobrzanski, +Michiel Betel, +MySQL \s-1AB,\s0 +Paul McCullagh, +Sebastien Estienne, +Sourceforge.net, +Steven Kreuzer, +The Gentoo MySQL Team, +Trevor Price, +Yaar Schnitman, +and probably more people that have not been included. +.PP +(If your name has been misspelled, it's probably out of fear of putting +international characters into this documentation; earlier versions of Perl might +not be able to compile it then). +.SH "COPYRIGHT, LICENSE AND WARRANTY" +.IX Header "COPYRIGHT, LICENSE AND WARRANTY" +This program is copyright (c) 2006 Baron Schwartz. +Feedback and improvements are welcome. +.PP +\&\s-1THIS PROGRAM IS PROVIDED \*(L"AS IS\*(R" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED +WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF +MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\s0 +.PP +This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under +the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License as published by the Free Software +Foundation, version 2; \s-1OR\s0 the Perl Artistic License. On \s-1UNIX\s0 and similar +systems, you can issue `man perlgpl' or `man perlartistic' to read these +licenses. +.PP +You should have received a copy of the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License along with +this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin +Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, \s-1MA 02110-1335 USA\s0. +.PP +Execute innotop and press '!' to see this information at any time. +.SH "AUTHOR" +.IX Header "AUTHOR" +Originally written by Baron Schwartz; currently maintained by Aaron Racine. +.SH "BUGS" +.IX Header "BUGS" +You can report bugs, ask for improvements, and get other help and support at +<https://github.com/innotop/innotop>. There are mailing lists, a source code +browser, a bug tracker, etc. Please use these instead of contacting the +maintainer or author directly, as it makes our job easier and benefits others if the +discussions are permanent and public. Of course, if you need to contact us in +private, please do. |