/*****************************************************************************

Copyright (c) 2013, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Copyright (c) 2019, MariaDB Corporation.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
Foundation; version 2 of the License.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1335 USA

*****************************************************************************/

/**************************************************//**
@file gis/gis0geo.cc
InnoDB R-tree related functions.

Created 2013/03/27 Allen Lai and Jimmy Yang
*******************************************************/

#include "page0types.h"
#include "gis0geo.h"
#include "page0cur.h"
#include "ut0rnd.h"
#include "mach0data.h"

#include <spatial.h>
#include <cmath>

/* These definitions are for comparing 2 mbrs. */

/* Check if a intersects b.
Return false if a intersects b, otherwise true. */
#define INTERSECT_CMP(amin, amax, bmin, bmax) \
(((amin) > (bmax)) || ((bmin) > (amax)))

/* Check if b contains a.
Return false if b contains a, otherwise true. */
#define CONTAIN_CMP(amin, amax, bmin, bmax) \
(((bmin) > (amin)) || ((bmax) < (amax)))

/* Check if b is within a.
Return false if b is within a, otherwise true. */
#define WITHIN_CMP(amin, amax, bmin, bmax) \
(((amin) > (bmin)) || ((amax) < (bmax)))

/* Check if a disjoints b.
Return false if a disjoints b, otherwise true. */
#define DISJOINT_CMP(amin, amax, bmin, bmax) \
(((amin) <= (bmax)) && ((bmin) <= (amax)))

/* Check if a equals b.
Return false if equal, otherwise true. */
#define EQUAL_CMP(amin, amax, bmin, bmax) \
(((amin) != (bmin)) || ((amax) != (bmax)))

/****************************************************************
Functions for generating mbr
****************************************************************/
/*************************************************************//**
Add one point stored in wkb to a given mbr.
@return 0 if the point in wkb is valid, otherwise -1. */
static
int
rtree_add_point_to_mbr(
/*===================*/
	const uchar**	wkb,		/*!< in: pointer to wkb,
				where point is stored */
	const uchar*	end,		/*!< in: end of wkb. */
	uint	n_dims,		/*!< in: dimensions. */
	double*	mbr)		/*!< in/out: mbr, which
				must be of length n_dims * 2. */
{
	double	ord;
	double*	mbr_end = mbr + n_dims * 2;

	while (mbr < mbr_end) {
		if ((*wkb) + sizeof(double) > end) {
			return(-1);
		}

		ord = mach_double_read(*wkb);
		(*wkb) += sizeof(double);

		if (ord < *mbr) {
			*mbr = ord;
		}
		mbr++;

		if (ord > *mbr) {
			*mbr = ord;
		}
		mbr++;
	}

	return(0);
}

/*************************************************************//**
Get mbr of point stored in wkb.
@return 0 if ok, otherwise -1. */
static
int
rtree_get_point_mbr(
/*================*/
	const uchar**	wkb,		/*!< in: pointer to wkb,
				where point is stored. */
	const uchar*	end,		/*!< in: end of wkb. */
	uint	n_dims,		/*!< in: dimensions. */
	double*	mbr)		/*!< in/out: mbr,
				must be of length n_dims * 2. */
{
	return rtree_add_point_to_mbr(wkb, end, n_dims, mbr);
}


/*************************************************************//**
Get mbr of linestring stored in wkb.
@return 0 if the linestring is valid, otherwise -1. */
static
int
rtree_get_linestring_mbr(
/*=====================*/
	const uchar**	wkb,		/*!< in: pointer to wkb,
				where point is stored. */
	const uchar*	end,		/*!< in: end of wkb. */
	uint	n_dims,		/*!< in: dimensions. */
	double*	mbr)		/*!< in/out: mbr,
				must be of length n_dims * 2. */
{
	uint	n_points;

	n_points = uint4korr(*wkb);
	(*wkb) += 4;

	for (; n_points > 0; --n_points) {
		/* Add next point to mbr */
		if (rtree_add_point_to_mbr(wkb, end, n_dims, mbr)) {
			return(-1);
		}
	}

	return(0);
}

/*************************************************************//**
Get mbr of polygon stored in wkb.
@return 0 if the polygon is valid, otherwise -1. */
static
int
rtree_get_polygon_mbr(
/*==================*/
	const uchar**	wkb,		/*!< in: pointer to wkb,
				where point is stored. */
	const uchar*	end,		/*!< in: end of wkb. */
	uint	n_dims,		/*!< in: dimensions. */
	double*	mbr)		/*!< in/out: mbr,
				must be of length n_dims * 2. */
{
	uint	n_linear_rings;
	uint	n_points;

	n_linear_rings = uint4korr((*wkb));
	(*wkb) += 4;

	for (; n_linear_rings > 0; --n_linear_rings) {
		n_points = uint4korr((*wkb));
		(*wkb) += 4;

		for (; n_points > 0; --n_points) {
			/* Add next point to mbr */
			if (rtree_add_point_to_mbr(wkb, end, n_dims, mbr)) {
				return(-1);
			}
		}
	}

	return(0);
}

/*************************************************************//**
Get mbr of geometry stored in wkb.
@return 0 if the geometry is valid, otherwise -1. */
static
int
rtree_get_geometry_mbr(
/*===================*/
	const uchar**	wkb,		/*!< in: pointer to wkb,
				where point is stored. */
	const uchar*	end,		/*!< in: end of wkb. */
	uint	n_dims,		/*!< in: dimensions. */
	double*	mbr,		/*!< in/out: mbr. */
	int	top)		/*!< in: if it is the top,
				which means it's not called
				by itself. */
{
	int	res;
	uint	wkb_type = 0;
	uint	n_items;

	/* byte_order = *(*wkb); */
	++(*wkb);

	wkb_type = uint4korr((*wkb));
	(*wkb) += 4;

	switch ((enum wkbType) wkb_type) {
	case wkbPoint:
		res = rtree_get_point_mbr(wkb, end, n_dims, mbr);
		break;
	case wkbLineString:
		res = rtree_get_linestring_mbr(wkb, end, n_dims, mbr);
		break;
	case wkbPolygon:
		res = rtree_get_polygon_mbr(wkb, end, n_dims, mbr);
		break;
	case wkbMultiPoint:
		n_items = uint4korr((*wkb));
		(*wkb) += 4;
		for (; n_items > 0; --n_items) {
			/* byte_order = *(*wkb); */
			++(*wkb);
			(*wkb) += 4;
			if (rtree_get_point_mbr(wkb, end, n_dims, mbr)) {
				return(-1);
			}
		}
		res = 0;
		break;
	case wkbMultiLineString:
		n_items = uint4korr((*wkb));
		(*wkb) += 4;
		for (; n_items > 0; --n_items) {
			/* byte_order = *(*wkb); */
			++(*wkb);
			(*wkb) += 4;
			if (rtree_get_linestring_mbr(wkb, end, n_dims, mbr)) {
				return(-1);
			}
		}
		res = 0;
		break;
	case wkbMultiPolygon:
		n_items = uint4korr((*wkb));
		(*wkb) += 4;
		for (; n_items > 0; --n_items) {
			/* byte_order = *(*wkb); */
			++(*wkb);
			(*wkb) += 4;
			if (rtree_get_polygon_mbr(wkb, end, n_dims, mbr)) {
				return(-1);
			}
		}
		res = 0;
		break;
	case wkbGeometryCollection:
		if (!top) {
			return(-1);
		}

		n_items = uint4korr((*wkb));
		(*wkb) += 4;
		for (; n_items > 0; --n_items) {
			if (rtree_get_geometry_mbr(wkb, end, n_dims,
						   mbr, 0)) {
				return(-1);
			}
		}
		res = 0;
		break;
	default:
		res = -1;
	}

	return(res);
}

/*************************************************************//**
Calculate Minimal Bounding Rectangle (MBR) of the spatial object
stored in "well-known binary representation" (wkb) format.
@return 0 if ok. */
int
rtree_mbr_from_wkb(
/*===============*/
	const uchar*	wkb,		/*!< in: wkb */
	uint	size,		/*!< in: size of wkb. */
	uint	n_dims,		/*!< in: dimensions. */
	double*	mbr)		/*!< in/out: mbr, which must
				be of length n_dim2 * 2. */
{
	for (uint i = 0; i < n_dims; ++i) {
		mbr[i * 2] = DBL_MAX;
		mbr[i * 2 + 1] = -DBL_MAX;
	}

	return rtree_get_geometry_mbr(&wkb, wkb + size, n_dims, mbr, 1);
}


/****************************************************************
Functions for Rtree split
****************************************************************/
/*************************************************************//**
Join 2 mbrs of dimensions n_dim. */
static
void
mbr_join(
/*=====*/
	double*		a,	/*!< in/out: the first mbr,
				where the joined result will be. */
	const double*	b,	/*!< in: the second mbr. */
	int		n_dim)	/*!< in: dimensions. */
{
	double*		end = a + n_dim * 2;

	do {
		if (a[0] > b[0]) {
			a[0] = b[0];
		}

		if (a[1] < b[1]) {
			a[1] = b[1];
		}

		a += 2;
		b += 2;

	} while (a != end);
}

/*************************************************************//**
Counts the square of mbr which is the join of a and b. Both a and b
are of dimensions n_dim. */
static
double
mbr_join_square(
/*============*/
	const double*	a,	/*!< in: the first mbr. */
	const double*	b,	/*!< in: the second mbr. */
	int		n_dim)	/*!< in: dimensions. */
{
	const double*	end = a + n_dim * 2;
	double		square = 1.0;

	do {
		square *= std::max(a[1], b[1]) - std::min(a[0], b[0]);

		a += 2;
		b += 2;
	} while (a != end);

	/* Check if finite (not infinity or NaN),
	so we don't get NaN in calculations */
	if (!std::isfinite(square)) {
		return DBL_MAX;
	}

	return square;
}

/*************************************************************//**
Counts the square of mbr of dimension n_dim. */
static
double
count_square(
/*=========*/
	const double*	a,	/*!< in: the mbr. */
	int		n_dim)	/*!< in: dimensions. */
{
	const double*	end = a + n_dim * 2;
	double		square = 1.0;

	do {
		square *= a[1] - a[0];
		a += 2;
	} while (a != end);

	return square;
}

/*************************************************************//**
Copy mbr of dimension n_dim from src to dst. */
inline
static
void
copy_coords(
/*========*/
	double*		dst,	/*!< in/out: destination. */
	const double*	src,	/*!< in: source. */
	int)
{
	memcpy(dst, src, DATA_MBR_LEN);
}

/*************************************************************//**
Select two nodes to collect group upon */
static
void
pick_seeds(
/*=======*/
	rtr_split_node_t*	node,		/*!< in: split nodes. */
	int			n_entries,	/*!< in: entries number. */
	rtr_split_node_t**	seed_a,		/*!< out: seed 1. */
	rtr_split_node_t**	seed_b,		/*!< out: seed 2. */
	int			n_dim)		/*!< in: dimensions. */
{
	rtr_split_node_t*	cur1;
	rtr_split_node_t*	lim1 = node + (n_entries - 1);
	rtr_split_node_t*	cur2;
	rtr_split_node_t*	lim2 = node + n_entries;

	double			max_d = -DBL_MAX;
	double			d;

	*seed_a = node;
	*seed_b = node + 1;

	for (cur1 = node; cur1 < lim1; ++cur1) {
		for (cur2 = cur1 + 1; cur2 < lim2; ++cur2) {
			d = mbr_join_square(cur1->coords, cur2->coords, n_dim) -
				cur1->square - cur2->square;
			if (d > max_d) {
				max_d = d;
				*seed_a = cur1;
				*seed_b = cur2;
			}
		}
	}
}

/*************************************************************//**
Select next node and group where to add. */
static
void
pick_next(
/*======*/
	rtr_split_node_t*	node,		/*!< in: split nodes. */
	int			n_entries,	/*!< in: entries number. */
	double*			g1,		/*!< in: mbr of group 1. */
	double*			g2,		/*!< in: mbr of group 2. */
	rtr_split_node_t**	choice,		/*!< out: the next node.*/
	int*			n_group,	/*!< out: group number.*/
	int			n_dim)		/*!< in: dimensions. */
{
	rtr_split_node_t*	cur = node;
	rtr_split_node_t*	end = node + n_entries;
	double			max_diff = -DBL_MAX;

	for (; cur < end; ++cur) {
		double	diff;
		double	abs_diff;

		if (cur->n_node != 0) {
			continue;
		}

		diff = mbr_join_square(g1, cur->coords, n_dim) -
		       mbr_join_square(g2, cur->coords, n_dim);

		abs_diff = fabs(diff);
		if (abs_diff > max_diff) {
			max_diff = abs_diff;

			/* Introduce some randomness if the record
			is identical */
			if (diff == 0) {
				diff = static_cast<double>(ut_rnd_gen() & 1);
			}

			*n_group = 1 + (diff > 0);
			*choice = cur;
		}
	}
}

/*************************************************************//**
Mark not-in-group entries as n_group. */
static
void
mark_all_entries(
/*=============*/
	rtr_split_node_t*	node,		/*!< in/out: split nodes. */
	int			n_entries,	/*!< in: entries number. */
	int			n_group)	/*!< in: group number. */
{
	rtr_split_node_t*	cur = node;
	rtr_split_node_t*	end = node + n_entries;
	for (; cur < end; ++cur) {
		if (cur->n_node != 0) {
			continue;
		}
		cur->n_node = n_group;
	}
}

/*************************************************************//**
Split rtree node.
Return which group the first rec is in. */
int
split_rtree_node(
/*=============*/
	rtr_split_node_t*	node,		/*!< in: split nodes. */
	int			n_entries,	/*!< in: entries number. */
	int			all_size,	/*!< in: total key's size. */
	int			key_size,	/*!< in: key's size. */
	int			min_size,	/*!< in: minimal group size. */
	int			size1,		/*!< in: size of group. */
	int			size2,		/*!< in: initial group sizes */
	double**		d_buffer,	/*!< in/out: buffer. */
	int			n_dim,		/*!< in: dimensions. */
	uchar*			first_rec)	/*!< in: the first rec. */
{
	rtr_split_node_t*	cur;
	rtr_split_node_t*	a = NULL;
	rtr_split_node_t*	b = NULL;
	double*			g1 = reserve_coords(d_buffer, n_dim);
	double*			g2 = reserve_coords(d_buffer, n_dim);
	rtr_split_node_t*	next = NULL;
	int			next_node = 0;
	int			i;
	int			first_rec_group = 1;
	rtr_split_node_t*	end = node + n_entries;

	if (all_size < min_size * 2) {
		return 1;
	}

	cur = node;
	for (; cur < end; ++cur) {
		cur->square = count_square(cur->coords, n_dim);
		cur->n_node = 0;
	}

	pick_seeds(node, n_entries, &a, &b, n_dim);
	a->n_node = 1;
	b->n_node = 2;

	copy_coords(g1, a->coords, n_dim);
	size1 += key_size;
	copy_coords(g2, b->coords, n_dim);
	size2 += key_size;

	for (i = n_entries - 2; i > 0; --i) {
		/* Can't write into group 2 */
		if (all_size - (size2 + key_size) < min_size) {
			mark_all_entries(node, n_entries, 1);
			break;
		}

		/* Can't write into group 1 */
		if (all_size - (size1 + key_size) < min_size) {
			mark_all_entries(node, n_entries, 2);
			break;
		}

		pick_next(node, n_entries, g1, g2, &next, &next_node, n_dim);
		if (next_node == 1) {
			size1 += key_size;
			mbr_join(g1, next->coords, n_dim);
		} else {
			size2 += key_size;
			mbr_join(g2, next->coords, n_dim);
		}

		next->n_node = next_node;

		/* Find out where the first rec (of the page) will be at,
		and inform the caller */
		if (first_rec && first_rec == next->key) {
			first_rec_group = next_node;
		}
	}

	return(first_rec_group);
}

/** Compare two minimum bounding rectangles.
@param mode   comparison operator
   MBR_INTERSECT(a,b)  a overlaps b
   MBR_CONTAIN(a,b)    a contains b
   MBR_DISJOINT(a,b)   a disjoint b
   MBR_WITHIN(a,b)     a within   b
   MBR_EQUAL(a,b)      All coordinates of MBRs are equal
   MBR_DATA(a,b)       Data reference is the same
@param b first MBR
@param a second MBR
@retval 0 if the predicate holds
@retval 1 if the precidate does not hold */
int rtree_key_cmp(page_cur_mode_t mode, const void *b, const void *a)
{
  const byte *b_= static_cast<const byte*>(b);
  const byte *a_= static_cast<const byte*>(a);

  static_assert(DATA_MBR_LEN == SPDIMS * 2 * sizeof(double), "compatibility");

  for (auto i = SPDIMS; i--; )
  {
    double amin= mach_double_read(a_);
    double bmin= mach_double_read(b_);
    a_+= sizeof(double);
    b_+= sizeof(double);
    double amax= mach_double_read(a_);
    double bmax= mach_double_read(b_);
    a_+= sizeof(double);
    b_+= sizeof(double);

    switch (mode) {
    case PAGE_CUR_INTERSECT:
      if (INTERSECT_CMP(amin, amax, bmin, bmax))
        return 1;
      continue;
    case PAGE_CUR_CONTAIN:
      if (CONTAIN_CMP(amin, amax, bmin, bmax))
        return 1;
      continue;
    case PAGE_CUR_WITHIN:
      if (WITHIN_CMP(amin, amax, bmin, bmax))
        return 1;
      continue;
    case PAGE_CUR_MBR_EQUAL:
      if (EQUAL_CMP(amin, amax, bmin, bmax))
        return 1;
      continue;
    case PAGE_CUR_DISJOINT:
      if (!DISJOINT_CMP(amin, amax, bmin, bmax))
        return 0;
      if (!i)
        return 1;
      continue;
    case PAGE_CUR_UNSUPP:
    case PAGE_CUR_G:
    case PAGE_CUR_GE:
    case PAGE_CUR_L:
    case PAGE_CUR_LE:
    case PAGE_CUR_RTREE_LOCATE:
    case PAGE_CUR_RTREE_GET_FATHER:
    case PAGE_CUR_RTREE_INSERT:
      break;
    }
    ut_ad("unknown comparison operator" == 0);
  }

  return 0;
}