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diff --git a/.github/workflows/benchmark.yml b/.github/workflows/benchmark.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ef5780b --- /dev/null +++ b/.github/workflows/benchmark.yml @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +name: benchmark + +on: + push: + branches: [master] + +jobs: + benchmark-packages: + + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + steps: + - uses: actions/checkout@v2 + + - name: Set up Python 3.8 + uses: actions/setup-python@v2 + with: + python-version: 3.8 + + - name: install pandoc + uses: r-lib/actions/setup-pandoc@v1 + with: + pandoc-version: '2.6' + + - name: Install tox + run: | + python -m pip install --upgrade pip + pip install tox + + - name: Run package benchmarks + run: tox -e py38-bench-packages -- --benchmark-min-rounds 20 --benchmark-json bench-packages.json + + # - name: Upload package data + # uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2 + # with: + # name: bench-packages + # path: bench-packages.json + # if-no-files-found: error + + - name: Store benchmark result + uses: aiidateam/github-action-benchmark@v2 + with: + name: Parsing Benchmarks + output-file-path: bench-packages.json + github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} + auto-push: true + commit-msg-append: "[ci skip]" + one-chart-groups: packages,plugins + fail-on-alert: false diff --git a/.github/workflows/tests.yml b/.github/workflows/tests.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e46c084 --- /dev/null +++ b/.github/workflows/tests.yml @@ -0,0 +1,136 @@ +# This workflow will install Python dependencies, run tests and lint with a variety of Python versions +# For more information see: https://help.github.com/actions/language-and-framework-guides/using-python-with-github-actions + +name: continuous-integration + +on: + push: + branches: [master] + tags: + - "v[0-9]+.[0-9]+.[0-9]+*" + pull_request: + schedule: + - cron: '0 0 * * 0' # every week + +jobs: + + pre-commit: + + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + + steps: + - uses: actions/checkout@v2 + - name: Set up Python 3.8 + uses: actions/setup-python@v2 + with: + python-version: '3.8' + - uses: pre-commit/action@v2.0.0 + + tests: + + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + strategy: + matrix: + python-version: ['pypy-3.7', '3.7', '3.8', '3.9', '3.10'] + + steps: + - uses: actions/checkout@v2 + - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }} + uses: actions/setup-python@v2 + with: + python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }} + - name: Install dependencies + run: | + python -m pip install --upgrade pip + pip install .[testing,linkify] + - name: Run pytest + run: | + pytest tests/ --cov=markdown_it --cov-report=xml --cov-report=term-missing + - name: Upload to Codecov + if: matrix.python-version == '3.7' && github.repository == 'executablebooks/markdown-it-py' + uses: codecov/codecov-action@v1 + with: + name: markdown-it-py-pytests-py3.7 + flags: pytests + file: ./coverage.xml + fail_ci_if_error: true + + test-plugins: + + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + strategy: + matrix: + python-version: ['3.8'] + steps: + - uses: actions/checkout@v2 + - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }} + uses: actions/setup-python@v2 + with: + python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }} + - name: Install markdown-it-py + run: | + python -m pip install --upgrade pip + pip install .[testing] + - name: clone and install mdit-py-plugins + run: | + git clone https://github.com/executablebooks/mdit-py-plugins.git + pip install --no-deps -e mdit-py-plugins + - name: Run pytest for unit tests of mdit-py-plugins + run: cd mdit-py-plugins; pytest + + benchmark: + + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + steps: + - uses: actions/checkout@v2 + + - name: Set up Python 3.8 + uses: actions/setup-python@v2 + with: + python-version: '3.8' + + - name: Install tox + run: | + python -m pip install --upgrade pip + pip install tox + + - name: Run benchmark + run: tox -e py38-bench-core -- --benchmark-json bench-core.json + + - name: Upload data + uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2 + with: + name: bench-core + path: bench-core.json + if-no-files-found: error + + publish: + + name: Publish to PyPi + needs: [pre-commit, tests] + if: github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.event.ref, 'refs/tags') + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + steps: + - name: Checkout source + uses: actions/checkout@v2 + - name: Set up Python 3.8 + uses: actions/setup-python@v2 + with: + python-version: '3.8' + - name: install flit + run: | + pip install flit~=3.4 + - name: Build and publish + run: | + flit publish + env: + FLIT_USERNAME: __token__ + FLIT_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.PYPI_KEY }} + + allgood: + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + needs: + - pre-commit + - tests + steps: + - run: echo "Great success!" diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000..546e6c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1,143 @@ +# Byte-compiled / optimized / DLL files +__pycache__/ +*.py[cod] +*$py.class + +# C extensions +*.so + +# Distribution / packaging +.Python +build/ +develop-eggs/ +dist/ +downloads/ +eggs/ +.eggs/ +lib/ +lib64/ +parts/ +sdist/ +var/ +wheels/ +pip-wheel-metadata/ +share/python-wheels/ +*.egg-info/ +.installed.cfg +*.egg +MANIFEST + +# PyInstaller +# Usually these files are written by a python script from a template +# before PyInstaller builds the exe, so as to inject date/other infos into it. +*.manifest +*.spec + +# Installer logs +pip-log.txt +pip-delete-this-directory.txt + +# Unit test / coverage reports +htmlcov/ +.tox/ +.nox/ +.coverage +.coverage.* +.cache +nosetests.xml +coverage.xml +*.cover +*.py,cover +.hypothesis/ +.pytest_cache/ + +# Translations +*.mo +*.pot + +# Django stuff: +*.log +local_settings.py +db.sqlite3 +db.sqlite3-journal + +# Flask stuff: +instance/ +.webassets-cache + +# Scrapy stuff: +.scrapy + +# Sphinx documentation +docs/_build/ + +# PyBuilder +target/ + +# Jupyter Notebook +.ipynb_checkpoints + +# IPython +profile_default/ +ipython_config.py + +# pyenv +.python-version + +# pipenv +# According to pypa/pipenv#598, it is recommended to include Pipfile.lock in version control. +# However, in case of collaboration, if having platform-specific dependencies or dependencies +# having no cross-platform support, pipenv may install dependencies that don't work, or not +# install all needed dependencies. +#Pipfile.lock + +# PEP 582; used by e.g. github.com/David-OConnor/pyflow +__pypackages__/ + +# Celery stuff +celerybeat-schedule +celerybeat.pid + +# SageMath parsed files +*.sage.py + +# Environments +.env +.venv +env/ +venv/ +ENV/ +env.bak/ +venv.bak/ + +# Spyder project settings +.spyderproject +.spyproject + +# Rope project settings +.ropeproject + +# mkdocs documentation +/site + +# mypy +.mypy_cache/ +.dmypy.json +dmypy.json + +# Pyre type checker +.pyre/ + +benchmark/extra/ +node_modules/ +coverage/ +demo/ +apidoc/ +*.log +__pycache__/ +.ropeproject/ +*.egg-info/ +.vscode/ +.DS_Store + +docs/api/ diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b9b3f0c --- /dev/null +++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +# Install pre-commit hooks via +# pre-commit install + +exclude: > + (?x)^( + \.vscode/settings\.json| + test.*\.md| + test.*\.txt| + test.*\.html| + test.*\.xml| + .*commonmark\.json| + benchmark/.*\.md| + .*/spec\.md + )$ + +repos: + + - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks + rev: v4.2.0 + hooks: + - id: check-json + - id: check-yaml + - id: end-of-file-fixer + - id: trailing-whitespace + + - repo: https://github.com/pycqa/isort + rev: 5.10.1 + hooks: + - id: isort + + - repo: https://github.com/psf/black + rev: 22.3.0 + hooks: + - id: black + + - repo: https://gitlab.com/pycqa/flake8 + rev: 3.9.2 + hooks: + - id: flake8 + additional_dependencies: [flake8-bugbear==21.3.1] + + - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy + rev: v0.942 + hooks: + - id: mypy + additional_dependencies: [attrs] diff --git a/.readthedocs.yml b/.readthedocs.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..32b74c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/.readthedocs.yml @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +version: 2 + +python: + version: 3 + install: + - method: pip + path: . + extra_requirements: + - linkify + - plugins + - rtd + +sphinx: + builder: html + fail_on_warning: true diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1aa4a72 --- /dev/null +++ b/CHANGELOG.md @@ -0,0 +1,266 @@ +# Change Log + +## 2.1.0 - 2022-04-15 + +This release is primarily to replace the `attrs` package dependency, +with the built-in Python `dataclasses` package. + +This should not be a breaking change, for most use cases. + +- ⬆️ UPGRADE: Drop support for EOL Python 3.6 (#194) +- ♻️ REFACTOR: Move `Rule`/`Delimiter` classes from `attrs` to `dataclass` (#211) +- ♻️ REFACTOR: Move `Token` class from `attrs` to `dataclass` (#211) +- ‼️ Remove deprecated `NestedTokens` and `nest_tokens` +- ✨ NEW: Save ordered list numbering (#192) +- 🐛 FIX: Combination of blockquotes, list and newlines causes `IndexError` (#207) + +## 2.0.1 - 2022-24-01 + +- 🐛 FIX: Crash when file ends with empty blockquote line. +- ✨ NEW: Add `inline_definitions` option. + This option allows for `definition` token to be inserted into the token stream, at the point where the definition is located in the source text. + It is useful for cases where one wishes to capture a "loseless" syntax tree of the parsed Markdown (in conjunction with the `store_labels` option). + +## 2.0.0 - 2021-12-03 + +- ⬆️ Update: Sync with markdown-it v12.1.0 and CommonMark v0.30 +- ♻️ REFACTOR: Port `mdurl` and `punycode` for URL normalisation (thanks to @hukkin!). + This port fixes the outstanding CommonMark compliance tests. +- ♻️ REFACTOR: Remove `AttrDict`. + This is no longer used is core or mdit-py-plugins, instead standard dictionaries are used. +- 👌 IMPROVE: Use `__all__` to signal re-exports + +## 1.1.0 - 2021-05-08 + + ⬆️ UPGRADE: `attrs` -> v21 (#165) + +This release has no breaking changes +(see: <https://github.com/python-attrs/attrs/blob/main/CHANGELOG.rst>) + +## 1.0.0 - 2021-05-02 + +[Full commit log](https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py/compare/v0.6.2...v1.0.0) + +The first stable release of markdown-it-py 🎉 + +See the changes in the beta releases below, +thanks to all the [contributors](https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py/graphs/contributors?from=2020-03-22&to=2021-05-02&type=c) in the last year! + +## 1.0.0b3 - 2021-05-01 + +- 👌 IMPROVE: Add `RendererProtocol` type, for typing renderers (thanks to [@hukkinj1](https://github.com/hukkinj1)) +- 🔧 MAINTAIN: `None` is no longer allowed as a valid `src` input for `StateBase` subclasses + +## 1.0.0b2 - 2021-04-25 + +‼️ BREAKING: Move `mdit-py-plugins` out of the core install requirements and into a `plugins` extra. + +Synchronised code with the upstream Markdown-It `v12.0.6`: + +- 🐛 FIX: Raise HTML blocks priority to resolve conflict with headings +- 🐛 FIX: Newline not rendered in image alt attribute + +## 1.0.0b1 - 2021-03-31 + +[Full commit log](https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py/compare/v0.6.2...9ecda04) + +This is the first beta release of the stable v1.x series. + +There are four notable (and breaking) changes: + +1. The code has been synchronised with the upstream Markdown-It `v12.0.4`. + In particular, this update alters the parsing of tables to be consistent with the GFM specification: <https://github.github.com/gfm/#tables-extension-> + A number of parsing performance and validation improvements are also included. +2. `Token.attrs` are now stored as dictionaries, rather than a list of lists. + This is a departure from upstream Markdown-It, allowed by Pythons guarantee of ordered dictionaries (see [#142](https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/issues/142)), and is the more natural representation. + Note `attrGet`, `attrSet`, `attrPush` and `attrJoin` methods remain identical to those upstream, + and `Token.as_dict(as_upstream=True)` will convert the token back to a directly comparable dict. +3. The use of `AttrDict` has been replaced: + For `env` any Python mutable mapping is now allowed, and so attribute access to keys is not (differing from the Javascript dictionary). + For `MarkdownIt.options` it is now set as an `OptionsDict`, which is a dictionary sub-class, with attribute access only for core MarkdownIt configuration keys. +4. Introduction of the `SyntaxTreeNode`. + This is a more comprehensive replacement for `nest_tokens` and `NestedTokens` (which are now deprecated). + It allows for the `Token` stream to be converted to/from a nested tree structure, with opening/closing tokens collapsed into a single `SyntaxTreeNode` and the intermediate tokens set as children. + See [Creating a syntax tree](https://markdown-it-py.readthedocs.io/en/latest/using.html#creating-a-syntax-tree) documentation for details. + +### Additional Fixes 🐛 + +- Fix exception due to empty lines after blockquote+footnote +- Fix linkify link nesting levels +- Fix the use of `Ruler.at` for plugins +- Avoid fenced token mutations during rendering +- Fix CLI version info and correct return of exit codes + +## 0.6.2 - 2021-02-07 + +This release brings Markdown-It-Py inline with Markdown-It v11.0.1 (2020-09-14), applying two fixes: + +- Fix blockquote lazy newlines, [[#696](https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/issues/696)]. +- Fix missed mappings for table rows, [[#705](https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/issues/705)]. + +Thanks to [@hukkinj1](https://github.com/hukkinj1)! + +## 0.6.1 - 2021-01-01 + +This release provides some improvements to the code base: + +- 🐛 FIX: Do not resolve backslash escapes inside auto-links +- 🐛 FIX: Add content to image tokens +- 👌 IMPROVE: Add more type annotations, thanks to [@hukkinj1](https://github.com/hukkinj1) + +## 0.6.0 - 2020-12-15 + +🗑 DEPRECATE: Move plugins to `mdit_py_plugins` + +Plugins (in `markdown_it.extensions`) have now been moved to [executablebooks/mdit-py-plugins](https://github.com/executablebooks/mdit-py-plugins). +This will allow for their maintenance to occur on a different cycle to the core code, facilitating the release of a v1.0.0 for this package + +🔧 MAINTAIN: Add [mypy](https://mypy.readthedocs.io) type-checking, thanks to [@hukkinj1](https://github.com/hukkinj1). + +## 0.5.8 - 2020-12-13 + +✨ NEW: Add linkify, thanks to [@tsutsu3](https://github.com/tsutsu3). + +This extension uses [linkify-it-py](https://github.com/tsutsu3/linkify-it-py) to identify URL links within text: + +- `github.com` -> `<a href="http://github.com">github.com</a>` + +**Important:** To use this extension you must install linkify-it-py; `pip install markdown-it-py[linkify]` + +It can then be activated by: + +```python +from markdown_it import MarkdownIt +md = MarkdownIt().enable("linkify") +md.options["linkify"] = True +``` + +## 0.5.7 - 2020-12-13 + +✨ NEW: Add smartquotes, thanks to [@tsutsu3](https://github.com/tsutsu3). + +This extension will convert basic quote marks to their opening and closing variants: + +- 'single quotes' -> ‘single quotes’ +- "double quotes" -> “double quotes” + +It can be activated by: + +```python +from markdown_it import MarkdownIt +md = MarkdownIt().enable("smartquotes") +md.options["typographer"] = True +``` + +✨ NEW: Add markdown-it-task-lists plugin, thanks to [@wna-se](https://github.com/wna-se). + +This is a port of the JS [markdown-it-task-lists](https://github.com/revin/markdown-it-task-lists), +for building task/todo lists out of markdown lists with items starting with `[ ]` or `[x]`. +For example: + +```markdown +- [ ] An item that needs doing +- [x] An item that is complete +``` + +This plugin can be activated by: + +```python +from markdown_it import MarkdownIt +from markdown_it.extensions.tasklists import tasklists_plugin +md = MarkdownIt().use(tasklists_plugin) +``` + +🐛 Various bug fixes, thanks to [@hukkinj1](https://github.com/hukkinj1): + +- Do not copy empty `env` arg in `MarkdownIt.render` +- `_Entities.__contains__` fix return data +- Parsing of unicode ordinals +- Handling of final character in `skipSpacesBack` and `skipCharsBack` methods +- Avoid exception when document ends in heading/blockquote marker + +🧪 TESTS: Add CI for Python 3.9 and PyPy3 + +## 0.5.6 - 2020-10-21 + +- ✨ NEW: Add simple typographic replacements, thanks to [@tsutsu3](https://github.com/tsutsu3): + This allows you to add the `typographer` option to the parser, to replace particular text constructs: + + - ``(c)``, ``(C)`` → © + - ``(tm)``, ``(TM)`` → ™ + - ``(r)``, ``(R)`` → ® + - ``(p)``, ``(P)`` → § + - ``+-`` → ± + - ``...`` → … + - ``?....`` → ?.. + - ``!....`` → !.. + - ``????????`` → ??? + - ``!!!!!`` → !!! + - ``,,,`` → , + - ``--`` → &ndash + - ``---`` → &mdash + + ```python + md = MarkdownIt().enable("replacements") + md.options["typographer"] = True + ``` + +- 📚 DOCS: Improve documentation for CLI, thanks to [@westurner](https://github.com/westurner) +- 👌 IMPROVE: Use `re.sub()` instead of `re.subn()[0]`, thanks to [@hukkinj1](https://github.com/hukkinj1) +- 🐛 FIX: An exception raised by having multiple blank lines at the end of some files + +## 0.5.5 - 2020-09-27 + +👌 IMPROVE: Add `store_labels` option. + +This allows for storage of original reference label in link/image token's metadata, +which can be useful for renderers. + +## 0.5.4 - 2020-09-08 + +✨ NEW: Add `anchors_plugin` for headers, which can produce: + +```html +<h1 id="title-string">Title String <a class="header-anchor" href="#title-string">¶</a></h1> +``` + +## 0.5.3 - 2020-09-04 + +🐛 Fixed an undefined variable in the reference block. + +## 0.5.2 - 2020-08-22 + +🐛 Fixed an `IndexError` in `container_plugin`, when there is no newline on the closing tag line. + +## 0.5.1 - 2020-08-21 + +⬆️ UPGRADE: attrs -> v20 + +This is not breaking, since it only deprecates Python 3.4 (see [CHANGELOG.rst](https://github.com/python-attrs/attrs/blob/master/CHANGELOG.rst)) + +## 0.5.0 - 2020-08-18 + +### Added ✨ + +- `deflist` and `dollarmath` plugins (see [plugins list](https://markdown-it-py.readthedocs.io/en/latest/plugins.html)). + +### Improved 👌 + +- Added benchmarking tests and CI (see <https://executablebooks.github.io/markdown-it-py/dev/bench/>) +- Improved performance of computing ordinals (=> 10-15% parsing speed increase). + Thanks to [@sildar](https://github.com/sildar)! + +### Fixed 🐛 + +- Stopped empty lines at the end of the document, after certain list blocks, raising an exception (#36). +- Allow myst-role to accept names containing digits (0-9). + +## 0.4.9 - 2020-08-11 + +### Added ✨ + +- `containers` plugin (see [plugins list](https://markdown-it-py.readthedocs.io/en/latest/plugins.html)) + +### Documented 📚 + +- Plugins and improved contributing section @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +MIT License + +Copyright (c) 2020 ExecutableBookProject + +Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy +of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal +in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights +to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell +copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is +furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: + +The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all +copies or substantial portions of the Software. + +THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR +IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, +FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE +AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER +LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, +OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE +SOFTWARE. diff --git a/LICENSE.markdown-it b/LICENSE.markdown-it new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7ffa058 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.markdown-it @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +Copyright (c) 2014 Vitaly Puzrin, Alex Kocharin. + +Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person +obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation +files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without +restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, +copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell +copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the +Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following +conditions: + +The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be +included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. + +THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, +EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES +OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND +NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT +HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, +WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING +FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR +OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..599c1f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,148 @@ +# markdown-it-py + +[![Github-CI][github-ci]][github-link] +[![Coverage Status][codecov-badge]][codecov-link] +[![PyPI][pypi-badge]][pypi-link] +[![Conda][conda-badge]][conda-link] +[![Code style: black][black-badge]][black-link] +[![PyPI - Downloads][install-badge]][install-link] + +> Markdown parser done right. + +- Follows the __[CommonMark spec](http://spec.commonmark.org/)__ for baseline parsing +- Configurable syntax: you can add new rules and even replace existing ones. +- Pluggable: Adds syntax extensions to extend the parser (see the [plugin list][md-plugins]). +- High speed (see our [benchmarking tests][md-performance]) +- [Safe by default][md-security] + +This is a Python port of [markdown-it], and some of its associated plugins. +For more details see: <https://markdown-it-py.readthedocs.io>. + +For details on [markdown-it] itself, see: + +- The __[Live demo](https://markdown-it.github.io)__ +- [The markdown-it README][markdown-it-readme] + +## Installation + +```bash +conda install -c conda-forge markdown-it-py +``` + +or + +```bash +pip install markdown-it-py[plugins] +``` + +or with extras + +```bash +conda install -c conda-forge markdown-it-py linkify-it-py mdit-py-plugins +pip install markdown-it-py[linkify,plugins] +``` + +## Usage + +### Python API Usage + +Render markdown to HTML with markdown-it-py and a custom configuration +with and without plugins and features: + +```python +from markdown_it import MarkdownIt +from mdit_py_plugins.front_matter import front_matter_plugin +from mdit_py_plugins.footnote import footnote_plugin + +md = ( + MarkdownIt() + .use(front_matter_plugin) + .use(footnote_plugin) + .disable('image') + .enable('table') +) +text = (""" +--- +a: 1 +--- + +a | b +- | - +1 | 2 + +A footnote [^1] + +[^1]: some details +""") +tokens = md.parse(text) +html_text = md.render(text) + +## To export the html to a file, uncomment the lines below: +# from pathlib import Path +# Path("output.html").write_text(html_text) +``` + +### Command-line Usage + +Render markdown to HTML with markdown-it-py from the +command-line: + +```console +usage: markdown-it [-h] [-v] [filenames [filenames ...]] + +Parse one or more markdown files, convert each to HTML, and print to stdout + +positional arguments: + filenames specify an optional list of files to convert + +optional arguments: + -h, --help show this help message and exit + -v, --version show program's version number and exit + +Interactive: + + $ markdown-it + markdown-it-py [version 0.0.0] (interactive) + Type Ctrl-D to complete input, or Ctrl-C to exit. + >>> # Example + ... > markdown *input* + ... + <h1>Example</h1> + <blockquote> + <p>markdown <em>input</em></p> + </blockquote> + +Batch: + + $ markdown-it README.md README.footer.md > index.html + +``` + +## References / Thanks + +Big thanks to the authors of [markdown-it]: + +- Alex Kocharin [github/rlidwka](https://github.com/rlidwka) +- Vitaly Puzrin [github/puzrin](https://github.com/puzrin) + +Also [John MacFarlane](https://github.com/jgm) for his work on the CommonMark spec and reference implementations. + +[github-ci]: https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py/workflows/Python%20package/badge.svg?branch=master +[github-link]: https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py +[pypi-badge]: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/markdown-it-py.svg +[pypi-link]: https://pypi.org/project/markdown-it-py +[conda-badge]: https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/markdown-it-py/badges/version.svg +[conda-link]: https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/markdown-it-py +[codecov-badge]: https://codecov.io/gh/executablebooks/markdown-it-py/branch/master/graph/badge.svg +[codecov-link]: https://codecov.io/gh/executablebooks/markdown-it-py +[black-badge]: https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg +[black-link]: https://github.com/ambv/black +[install-badge]: https://img.shields.io/pypi/dw/markdown-it-py?label=pypi%20installs +[install-link]: https://pypistats.org/packages/markdown-it-py + +[CommonMark spec]: http://spec.commonmark.org/ +[markdown-it]: https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it +[markdown-it-readme]: https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/blob/master/README.md +[md-security]: https://markdown-it-py.readthedocs.io/en/latest/other.html +[md-performance]: https://markdown-it-py.readthedocs.io/en/latest/other.html +[md-plugins]: https://markdown-it-py.readthedocs.io/en/latest/plugins.html diff --git a/benchmarking/bench_core.py b/benchmarking/bench_core.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6834989 --- /dev/null +++ b/benchmarking/bench_core.py @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +from pathlib import Path + +import pytest + +import markdown_it + + +@pytest.fixture +def spec_text(): + return Path(__file__).parent.joinpath("samples", "spec.md").read_text() + + +@pytest.fixture +def parser(): + return markdown_it.MarkdownIt("commonmark") + + +@pytest.mark.benchmark(group="core") +def test_spec(benchmark, parser, spec_text): + benchmark(parser.render, spec_text) diff --git a/benchmarking/bench_packages.py b/benchmarking/bench_packages.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1158750 --- /dev/null +++ b/benchmarking/bench_packages.py @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +from pathlib import Path +from shutil import which + +import pytest + + +@pytest.fixture +def spec_text(): + return Path(__file__).parent.joinpath("samples", "spec.md").read_text() + + +@pytest.mark.benchmark(group="packages") +def test_markdown_it_py(benchmark, spec_text): + import markdown_it + + parser = markdown_it.MarkdownIt("commonmark") + benchmark.extra_info["version"] = markdown_it.__version__ + benchmark(parser.render, spec_text) + + +@pytest.mark.benchmark(group="packages") +def test_mistune(benchmark, spec_text): + import mistune + + benchmark.extra_info["version"] = mistune.__version__ + benchmark(mistune.markdown, spec_text) + + +@pytest.mark.benchmark(group="packages") +def test_commonmark_py(benchmark, spec_text): + import commonmark + + benchmark.extra_info["version"] = "0.9.1" + benchmark(commonmark.commonmark, spec_text) + + +@pytest.mark.benchmark(group="packages") +def test_pymarkdown(benchmark, spec_text): + import markdown + + benchmark.extra_info["version"] = markdown.__version__ + benchmark(markdown.markdown, spec_text) + + +@pytest.mark.benchmark(group="packages") +def test_pymarkdown_extra(benchmark, spec_text): + import markdown + + benchmark.extra_info["version"] = markdown.__version__ + benchmark(markdown.markdown, spec_text, extensions=["extra"]) + + +@pytest.mark.benchmark(group="packages") +def test_mistletoe(benchmark, spec_text): + import mistletoe + + benchmark.extra_info["version"] = mistletoe.__version__ + benchmark(mistletoe.markdown, spec_text) + + +@pytest.mark.skipif(which("pandoc") is None, reason="pandoc executable not found") +@pytest.mark.benchmark(group="packages") +def test_panflute(benchmark, spec_text): + import panflute + + benchmark.extra_info["version"] = panflute.__version__ + benchmark( + panflute.convert_text, spec_text, input_format="markdown", output_format="html" + ) diff --git a/benchmarking/conftest.py b/benchmarking/conftest.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a50c057 --- /dev/null +++ b/benchmarking/conftest.py @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +def pytest_benchmark_update_machine_info(config, machine_info): + import psutil + + freq = psutil.cpu_freq() + machine_info["psutil"] = { + "cpu_count": psutil.cpu_count(logical=False), + "cpu_count_logical": psutil.cpu_count(logical=True), + "cpu_percent": psutil.cpu_percent(), + "cpu_freq_min": freq.min, + "cpu_freq_max": freq.max, + "cpu_freq_current": freq.current, + } diff --git a/benchmarking/samples/block-bq-flat.md b/benchmarking/samples/block-bq-flat.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..568393c --- /dev/null +++ b/benchmarking/samples/block-bq-flat.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +> the simple example of a blockquote +> the simple example of a blockquote +> the simple example of a blockquote +> the simple example of a blockquote +... continuation +... continuation +... continuation +... continuation + +empty blockquote: + +> +> +> +> diff --git a/benchmarking/samples/block-bq-nested.md b/benchmarking/samples/block-bq-nested.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7ddcffa --- /dev/null +++ b/benchmarking/samples/block-bq-nested.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +>>>>>> deeply nested blockquote +>>>>> deeply nested blockquote +>>>> deeply nested blockquote +>>> deeply nested blockquote +>> deeply nested blockquote +> deeply nested blockquote + +> deeply nested blockquote +>> deeply nested blockquote +>>> deeply nested blockquote +>>>> deeply nested blockquote +>>>>> deeply nested blockquote +>>>>>> deeply nested blockquote diff --git a/benchmarking/samples/block-code.md b/benchmarking/samples/block-code.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..992da4f --- /dev/null +++ b/benchmarking/samples/block-code.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ + + an + example + + of + + + + a code + block diff --git a/benchmarking/samples/block-fences.md b/benchmarking/samples/block-fences.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ac58ce5 --- /dev/null +++ b/benchmarking/samples/block-fences.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ + +``````````text +an +example +``` +of + + +a fenced +``` +code +block +`````````` diff --git a/benchmarking/samples/block-heading.md b/benchmarking/samples/block-heading.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fd98558 --- /dev/null +++ b/benchmarking/samples/block-heading.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# heading +### heading +##### heading + +# heading # +### heading ### +##### heading \#\#\#\#\###### + +############ not a heading diff --git a/benchmarking/samples/block-hr.md b/benchmarking/samples/block-hr.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e84034b --- /dev/null +++ b/benchmarking/samples/block-hr.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + * * * * * + + - - - - - + + ________ + + + ************************* text diff --git a/benchmarking/samples/block-html.md b/benchmarking/samples/block-html.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..45915b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/benchmarking/samples/block-html.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +<div class="this is an html block"> + +blah blah + +</div> + +<table> + <tr> + <td> + **test** + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<table> + + <tr> + + <td> + + test + + </td> + + </tr> + +</table> + +<![CDATA[ + [[[[[[[[[[[... *cdata section - this should not be parsed* ...]]]]]]]]]]] +]]> diff --git a/benchmarking/samples/block-lheading.md b/benchmarking/samples/block-lheading.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e5c0d99 --- /dev/null +++ b/benchmarking/samples/block-lheading.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +heading +--- + +heading +=================================== + +not a heading +----------------------------------- text diff --git a/benchmarking/samples/block-list-flat.md b/benchmarking/samples/block-list-flat.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a066c21 --- /dev/null +++ b/benchmarking/samples/block-list-flat.md @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ + - tidy + - bullet + - list + + + - loose + + - bullet + + - list + + + 0. ordered + 1. list + 2. example + + + - + - + - + - + + + 1. + 2. + 3. + + + - an example +of a list item + with a continuation + + this part is inside the list + + this part is just a paragraph + + + 1. test + - test + 1. test + - test + + +111111111111111111111111111111111111111111. is this a valid bullet? + + - _________________________ + + - this + - is + + a + + long + - loose + - list + + - with + - some + + tidy + + - list + - items + - in + + - between + - _________________________ diff --git a/benchmarking/samples/block-list-nested.md b/benchmarking/samples/block-list-nested.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..db9c56c --- /dev/null +++ b/benchmarking/samples/block-list-nested.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ + + - this + - is + - a + - deeply + - nested + - bullet + - list + + + 1. this + 2. is + 3. a + 4. deeply + 5. nested + 6. unordered + 7. list + + + - 1 + - 2 + - 3 + - 4 + - 5 + - 6 + - 7 + - 6 + - 5 + - 4 + - 3 + - 2 + - 1 + + + - - - - - - - - - deeply-nested one-element item diff --git a/benchmarking/samples/block-ref-flat.md b/benchmarking/samples/block-ref-flat.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c83dccb --- /dev/null +++ b/benchmarking/samples/block-ref-flat.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +[1] [2] [3] [1] [2] [3] + +[looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong label] + + [1]: <http://something.example.com/foo/bar> + [2]: http://something.example.com/foo/bar 'test' + [3]: + http://foo/bar + [ looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong label ]: + 111 + 'test' + [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ this should not slow down anything ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]: q + (as long as it is not referenced anywhere) + + [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[]: this is not a valid reference diff --git a/benchmarking/samples/block-ref-list.md b/benchmarking/samples/block-ref-list.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..00ff675 --- /dev/null +++ b/benchmarking/samples/block-ref-list.md @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +[item 1]: <1> +[item 2]: <2> +[item 3]: <3> +[item 4]: <4> +[item 5]: <5> +[item 6]: <6> +[item 7]: <7> +[item 8]: <8> +[item 9]: <9> +[item 10]: <10> +[item 11]: <11> +[item 12]: <12> +[item 13]: <13> +[item 14]: <14> +[item 15]: <15> +[item 16]: <16> +[item 17]: <17> +[item 18]: <18> +[item 19]: <19> +[item 20]: <20> +[item 21]: <21> +[item 22]: <22> +[item 23]: <23> +[item 24]: <24> +[item 25]: <25> +[item 26]: <26> +[item 27]: <27> +[item 28]: <28> +[item 29]: <29> +[item 30]: <30> +[item 31]: <31> +[item 32]: <32> +[item 33]: <33> +[item 34]: <34> +[item 35]: <35> +[item 36]: <36> +[item 37]: <37> +[item 38]: <38> +[item 39]: <39> +[item 40]: <40> +[item 41]: <41> +[item 42]: <42> +[item 43]: <43> +[item 44]: <44> +[item 45]: <45> +[item 46]: <46> +[item 47]: <47> +[item 48]: <48> +[item 49]: <49> +[item 50]: <50> diff --git a/benchmarking/samples/block-ref-nested.md b/benchmarking/samples/block-ref-nested.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1e10a8c --- /dev/null +++ b/benchmarking/samples/block-ref-nested.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +[[[[[[[foo]]]]]]] + +[[[[[[[foo]]]]]]]: bar +[[[[[[foo]]]]]]: bar +[[[[[foo]]]]]: bar +[[[[foo]]]]: bar +[[[foo]]]: bar +[[foo]]: bar +[foo]: bar + +[*[*[*[*[foo]*]*]*]*] + +[*[*[*[*[foo]*]*]*]*]: bar +[*[*[*[foo]*]*]*]: bar +[*[*[foo]*]*]: bar +[*[foo]*]: bar +[foo]: bar diff --git a/benchmarking/samples/block-tables.md b/benchmarking/samples/block-tables.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5fd6321 --- /dev/null +++ b/benchmarking/samples/block-tables.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +| Heading 1 | Heading 2 +| --------- | --------- +| Cell 1 | Cell 2 +| Cell 3 | Cell 4 + +| Header 1 | Header 2 | Header 3 | Header 4 | +| :------: | -------: | :------- | -------- | +| Cell 1 | Cell 2 | Cell 3 | Cell 4 | +| Cell 5 | Cell 6 | Cell 7 | Cell 8 | + + Test code + +Header 1 | Header 2 +-------- | -------- +Cell 1 | Cell 2 +Cell 3 | Cell 4 + +Header 1|Header 2|Header 3|Header 4 +:-------|:------:|-------:|-------- +Cell 1 |Cell 2 |Cell 3 |Cell 4 +*Cell 5*|Cell 6 |Cell 7 |Cell 8 diff --git a/benchmarking/samples/inline-autolink.md b/benchmarking/samples/inline-autolink.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0f71482 --- /dev/null +++ b/benchmarking/samples/inline-autolink.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +closed (valid) autolinks: + + <ftp://1.2.3.4:21/path/foo> + <http://foo.bar.baz?q=hello&id=22&boolean> + <http://veeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeery.loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong.autolink/> + <teeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeest@gmail.com> + +these are not autolinks: + + <ftp://1.2.3.4:21/path/foo + <http://foo.bar.baz?q=hello&id=22&boolean + <http://veeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeery.loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong.autolink + <teeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeest@gmail.com + < http://foo.bar.baz?q=hello&id=22&boolean > diff --git a/benchmarking/samples/inline-backticks.md b/benchmarking/samples/inline-backticks.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a6ec6e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/benchmarking/samples/inline-backticks.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +`lots`of`backticks` + +``i``wonder``how``this``will``be``parsed`` diff --git a/benchmarking/samples/inline-em-flat.md b/benchmarking/samples/inline-em-flat.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b7668a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/benchmarking/samples/inline-em-flat.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +*this* *is* *your* *basic* *boring* *emphasis* + +_this_ _is_ _your_ _basic_ _boring_ _emphasis_ + +**this** **is** **your** **basic** **boring** **emphasis** diff --git a/benchmarking/samples/inline-em-nested.md b/benchmarking/samples/inline-em-nested.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9174006 --- /dev/null +++ b/benchmarking/samples/inline-em-nested.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +*this *is *a *bunch* of* nested* emphases* + +__this __is __a __bunch__ of__ nested__ emphases__ + +***this ***is ***a ***bunch*** of*** nested*** emphases*** diff --git a/benchmarking/samples/inline-em-worst.md b/benchmarking/samples/inline-em-worst.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b6d21da --- /dev/null +++ b/benchmarking/samples/inline-em-worst.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +*this *is *a *worst *case *for *em *backtracking + +__this __is __a __worst __case __for __em __backtracking + +***this ***is ***a ***worst ***case ***for ***em ***backtracking diff --git a/benchmarking/samples/inline-entity.md b/benchmarking/samples/inline-entity.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..da095ed --- /dev/null +++ b/benchmarking/samples/inline-entity.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +entities: + + & © Æ Ď ¾ ℋ ⅆ ∲ + +# Ӓ Ϡ � + +non-entities: + +&18900987654321234567890; &1234567890098765432123456789009876543212345678987654; + +&qwertyuioppoiuytrewqwer; &oiuytrewqwertyuioiuytrewqwertyuioytrewqwertyuiiuytri; diff --git a/benchmarking/samples/inline-escape.md b/benchmarking/samples/inline-escape.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a890c0a --- /dev/null +++ b/benchmarking/samples/inline-escape.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ + +\t\e\s\t\i\n\g \e\s\c\a\p\e \s\e\q\u\e\n\c\e\s + +\!\\\"\#\$\%\&\'\(\)\*\+\,\.\/\:\;\<\=\>\? + +\@ \[ \] \^ \_ \` \{ \| \} \~ \- \' + +\ +\\ +\\\ +\\\\ +\\\\\ + +\<this\> \<is\> \<not\> \<html\> diff --git a/benchmarking/samples/inline-html.md b/benchmarking/samples/inline-html.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f6e6341 --- /dev/null +++ b/benchmarking/samples/inline-html.md @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +Taking commonmark tests from the spec for benchmarking here: + +<a><bab><c2c> + +<a/><b2/> + +<a /><b2 +data="foo" > + +<a foo="bar" bam = 'baz <em>"</em>' +_boolean zoop:33=zoop:33 /> + +<33> <__> + +<a h*#ref="hi"> + +<a href="hi'> <a href=hi'> + +< a>< +foo><bar/ > + +<a href='bar'title=title> + +</a> +</foo > + +</a href="foo"> + +foo <!-- this is a +comment - with hyphen --> + +foo <!-- not a comment -- two hyphens --> + +foo <?php echo $a; ?> + +foo <!ELEMENT br EMPTY> + +foo <![CDATA[>&<]]> + +<a href="ö"> + +<a href="\*"> + +<a href="\""> diff --git a/benchmarking/samples/inline-links-flat.md b/benchmarking/samples/inline-links-flat.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c695dc7 --- /dev/null +++ b/benchmarking/samples/inline-links-flat.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +Valid links: + + [this is a link]() + [this is a link](<http://something.example.com/foo/bar>) + [this is a link](http://something.example.com/foo/bar 'test') + ![this is an image]() +  +  + + [escape test](<\>\>\>\>\>\>\>\>\>\>\>\>\>\>> '\'\'\'\'\'\'\'\'\'\'\'\'\'\'') + [escape test \]\]\]\]\]\]\]\]\]\]\]\]\]\]\]\]](\)\)\)\)\)\)\)\)\)\)\)\)\)\)) + +Invalid links: + + [this is not a link + + [this is not a link]( + + [this is not a link](http://something.example.com/foo/bar 'test' + + [this is not a link]((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( + + [this is not a link]((((((((((()))))))))) (((((((((())))))))))) diff --git a/benchmarking/samples/inline-links-nested.md b/benchmarking/samples/inline-links-nested.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4e7dc85 --- /dev/null +++ b/benchmarking/samples/inline-links-nested.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +Valid links: + +[[[[[[[[](test)](test)](test)](test)](test)](test)](test)] + +[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [](test) ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ](test) + +Invalid links: + +[[[[[[[[[ + +[ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ + + lobortis, sapien arcu mattis erat, vel aliquet sem urna et risus. Ut feugiat sapien vitae mi elementum laoreet. Suspendisse potenti. Aliquam erat nisl, aliquam pretium libero aliquet, sagittis eleifend nunc. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Integer turpis augue, tincidunt dignissim mauris id, rhoncus dapibus purus. Maecenas et enim odio. Nullam massa metus, varius quis vehicula sed, pharetra mollis erat. In quis viverra velit. Vivamus placerat, est nec hendrerit varius, enim dui hendrerit magna, ut pulvinar nibh lorem vel lacus. Mauris a orci iaculis, hendrerit eros sed, gravida leo. In dictum mauris vel augue varius, ac ullamcorper nisl ornare. In eu posuere velit, ac fermentum arcu. Interdum et malesuada fames ac ante ipsum primis in faucibus. Nullam sed malesuada leo, at interdum elit. + +Nullam ut tincidunt nunc. [Pellentesque][1] metus lacus, commodo eget justo ut, rutrum varius nunc. Sed non rhoncus risus. Morbi sodales gravida pulvinar. Duis malesuada, odio volutpat elementum vulputate, massa magna scelerisque ante, et accumsan tellus nunc in sem. Donec mattis arcu et velit aliquet, non sagittis justo vestibulum. Suspendisse volutpat felis lectus, nec consequat ipsum mattis id. Donec dapibus vehicula facilisis. In tincidunt mi nisi, nec faucibus tortor euismod nec. Suspendisse ante ligula, aliquet vitae libero eu, vulputate dapibus libero. Sed bibendum, sapien at posuere interdum, libero est sollicitudin magna, ac gravida tellus purus eu ipsum. Proin ut quam arcu. + +Suspendisse potenti. Donec ante velit, ornare at augue quis, tristique laoreet sem. Etiam in ipsum elit. Nullam cursus dolor sit amet nulla feugiat tristique. Phasellus ac tellus tincidunt, imperdiet purus eget, ullamcorper ipsum. Cras eu tincidunt sem. Nullam sed dapibus magna. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. In id venenatis tortor. In consectetur sollicitudin pharetra. Etiam convallis nisi nunc, et aliquam turpis viverra sit amet. Maecenas faucibus sodales tortor. Suspendisse lobortis mi eu leo viverra volutpat. Pellentesque velit ante, vehicula sodales congue ut, elementum a urna. Cras tempor, ipsum eget luctus rhoncus, arcu ligula fermentum urna, vulputate pharetra enim enim non libero. + +Proin diam quam, elementum in eleifend id, elementum et metus. Cras in justo consequat justo semper ultrices. Sed dignissim lectus a ante mollis, nec vulputate ante molestie. Proin in porta nunc. Etiam pulvinar turpis sed velit porttitor, vel adipiscing velit fringilla. Cras ac tellus vitae purus pharetra tincidunt. Sed cursus aliquet aliquet. Cras eleifend commodo malesuada. In turpis turpis, ullamcorper ut tincidunt a, ullamcorper a nunc. Etiam luctus tellus ac dapibus gravida. Ut nec lacus laoreet neque ullamcorper volutpat. + +Nunc et leo erat. Aenean mattis ultrices lorem, eget adipiscing dolor ultricies eu. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Vivamus cursus feugiat sapien quis aliquam. Mauris quam libero, porta vel volutpat ut, blandit a purus. Vivamus vestibulum dui vel tortor molestie, sit amet feugiat sem commodo. Nulla facilisi. Sed molestie arcu eget tellus vestibulum tristique. + +[1]: https://github.com/markdown-it diff --git a/benchmarking/samples/rawtabs.md b/benchmarking/samples/rawtabs.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..eafdb95 --- /dev/null +++ b/benchmarking/samples/rawtabs.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + +this is a test for tab expansion, be careful not to replace them with spaces + +1 4444 +22 333 +333 22 +4444 1 + + + tab-indented line + space-indented line + tab-indented line + + +a lot of spaces in between here + +a lot of tabs in between here diff --git a/benchmarking/samples/spec.md b/benchmarking/samples/spec.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3913de4 --- /dev/null +++ b/benchmarking/samples/spec.md @@ -0,0 +1,9710 @@ +--- +title: CommonMark Spec +author: John MacFarlane +version: 0.29 +date: '2019-04-06' +license: '[CC-BY-SA 4.0](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)' +... + +# Introduction + +## What is Markdown? + +Markdown is a plain text format for writing structured documents, +based on conventions for indicating formatting in email +and usenet posts. It was developed by John Gruber (with +help from Aaron Swartz) and released in 2004 in the form of a +[syntax description](http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax) +and a Perl script (`Markdown.pl`) for converting Markdown to +HTML. In the next decade, dozens of implementations were +developed in many languages. Some extended the original +Markdown syntax with conventions for footnotes, tables, and +other document elements. Some allowed Markdown documents to be +rendered in formats other than HTML. Websites like Reddit, +StackOverflow, and GitHub had millions of people using Markdown. +And Markdown started to be used beyond the web, to author books, +articles, slide shows, letters, and lecture notes. + +What distinguishes Markdown from many other lightweight markup +syntaxes, which are often easier to write, is its readability. +As Gruber writes: + +> The overriding design goal for Markdown's formatting syntax is +> to make it as readable as possible. The idea is that a +> Markdown-formatted document should be publishable as-is, as +> plain text, without looking like it's been marked up with tags +> or formatting instructions. +> (<http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/>) + +The point can be illustrated by comparing a sample of +[AsciiDoc](http://www.methods.co.nz/asciidoc/) with +an equivalent sample of Markdown. Here is a sample of +AsciiDoc from the AsciiDoc manual: + +``` +1. List item one. ++ +List item one continued with a second paragraph followed by an +Indented block. ++ +................. +$ ls *.sh +$ mv *.sh ~/tmp +................. ++ +List item continued with a third paragraph. + +2. List item two continued with an open block. ++ +-- +This paragraph is part of the preceding list item. + +a. This list is nested and does not require explicit item +continuation. ++ +This paragraph is part of the preceding list item. + +b. List item b. + +This paragraph belongs to item two of the outer list. +-- +``` + +And here is the equivalent in Markdown: +``` +1. List item one. + + List item one continued with a second paragraph followed by an + Indented block. + + $ ls *.sh + $ mv *.sh ~/tmp + + List item continued with a third paragraph. + +2. List item two continued with an open block. + + This paragraph is part of the preceding list item. + + 1. This list is nested and does not require explicit item continuation. + + This paragraph is part of the preceding list item. + + 2. List item b. + + This paragraph belongs to item two of the outer list. +``` + +The AsciiDoc version is, arguably, easier to write. You don't need +to worry about indentation. But the Markdown version is much easier +to read. The nesting of list items is apparent to the eye in the +source, not just in the processed document. + +## Why is a spec needed? + +John Gruber's [canonical description of Markdown's +syntax](http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax) +does not specify the syntax unambiguously. Here are some examples of +questions it does not answer: + +1. How much indentation is needed for a sublist? The spec says that + continuation paragraphs need to be indented four spaces, but is + not fully explicit about sublists. It is natural to think that + they, too, must be indented four spaces, but `Markdown.pl` does + not require that. This is hardly a "corner case," and divergences + between implementations on this issue often lead to surprises for + users in real documents. (See [this comment by John + Gruber](http://article.gmane.org/gmane.text.markdown.general/1997).) + +2. Is a blank line needed before a block quote or heading? + Most implementations do not require the blank line. However, + this can lead to unexpected results in hard-wrapped text, and + also to ambiguities in parsing (note that some implementations + put the heading inside the blockquote, while others do not). + (John Gruber has also spoken [in favor of requiring the blank + lines](http://article.gmane.org/gmane.text.markdown.general/2146).) + +3. Is a blank line needed before an indented code block? + (`Markdown.pl` requires it, but this is not mentioned in the + documentation, and some implementations do not require it.) + + ``` markdown + paragraph + code? + ``` + +4. What is the exact rule for determining when list items get + wrapped in `<p>` tags? Can a list be partially "loose" and partially + "tight"? What should we do with a list like this? + + ``` markdown + 1. one + + 2. two + 3. three + ``` + + Or this? + + ``` markdown + 1. one + - a + + - b + 2. two + ``` + + (There are some relevant comments by John Gruber + [here](http://article.gmane.org/gmane.text.markdown.general/2554).) + +5. Can list markers be indented? Can ordered list markers be right-aligned? + + ``` markdown + 8. item 1 + 9. item 2 + 10. item 2a + ``` + +6. Is this one list with a thematic break in its second item, + or two lists separated by a thematic break? + + ``` markdown + * a + * * * * * + * b + ``` + +7. When list markers change from numbers to bullets, do we have + two lists or one? (The Markdown syntax description suggests two, + but the perl scripts and many other implementations produce one.) + + ``` markdown + 1. fee + 2. fie + - foe + - fum + ``` + +8. What are the precedence rules for the markers of inline structure? + For example, is the following a valid link, or does the code span + take precedence ? + + ``` markdown + [a backtick (`)](/url) and [another backtick (`)](/url). + ``` + +9. What are the precedence rules for markers of emphasis and strong + emphasis? For example, how should the following be parsed? + + ``` markdown + *foo *bar* baz* + ``` + +10. What are the precedence rules between block-level and inline-level + structure? For example, how should the following be parsed? + + ``` markdown + - `a long code span can contain a hyphen like this + - and it can screw things up` + ``` + +11. Can list items include section headings? (`Markdown.pl` does not + allow this, but does allow blockquotes to include headings.) + + ``` markdown + - # Heading + ``` + +12. Can list items be empty? + + ``` markdown + * a + * + * b + ``` + +13. Can link references be defined inside block quotes or list items? + + ``` markdown + > Blockquote [foo]. + > + > [foo]: /url + ``` + +14. If there are multiple definitions for the same reference, which takes + precedence? + + ``` markdown + [foo]: /url1 + [foo]: /url2 + + [foo][] + ``` + +In the absence of a spec, early implementers consulted `Markdown.pl` +to resolve these ambiguities. But `Markdown.pl` was quite buggy, and +gave manifestly bad results in many cases, so it was not a +satisfactory replacement for a spec. + +Because there is no unambiguous spec, implementations have diverged +considerably. As a result, users are often surprised to find that +a document that renders one way on one system (say, a GitHub wiki) +renders differently on another (say, converting to docbook using +pandoc). To make matters worse, because nothing in Markdown counts +as a "syntax error," the divergence often isn't discovered right away. + +## About this document + +This document attempts to specify Markdown syntax unambiguously. +It contains many examples with side-by-side Markdown and +HTML. These are intended to double as conformance tests. An +accompanying script `spec_tests.py` can be used to run the tests +against any Markdown program: + + python test/spec_tests.py --spec spec.txt --program PROGRAM + +Since this document describes how Markdown is to be parsed into +an abstract syntax tree, it would have made sense to use an abstract +representation of the syntax tree instead of HTML. But HTML is capable +of representing the structural distinctions we need to make, and the +choice of HTML for the tests makes it possible to run the tests against +an implementation without writing an abstract syntax tree renderer. + +This document is generated from a text file, `spec.txt`, written +in Markdown with a small extension for the side-by-side tests. +The script `tools/makespec.py` can be used to convert `spec.txt` into +HTML or CommonMark (which can then be converted into other formats). + +In the examples, the `→` character is used to represent tabs. + +# Preliminaries + +## Characters and lines + +Any sequence of [characters] is a valid CommonMark +document. + +A [character](@) is a Unicode code point. Although some +code points (for example, combining accents) do not correspond to +characters in an intuitive sense, all code points count as characters +for purposes of this spec. + +This spec does not specify an encoding; it thinks of lines as composed +of [characters] rather than bytes. A conforming parser may be limited +to a certain encoding. + +A [line](@) is a sequence of zero or more [characters] +other than newline (`U+000A`) or carriage return (`U+000D`), +followed by a [line ending] or by the end of file. + +A [line ending](@) is a newline (`U+000A`), a carriage return +(`U+000D`) not followed by a newline, or a carriage return and a +following newline. + +A line containing no characters, or a line containing only spaces +(`U+0020`) or tabs (`U+0009`), is called a [blank line](@). + +The following definitions of character classes will be used in this spec: + +A [whitespace character](@) is a space +(`U+0020`), tab (`U+0009`), newline (`U+000A`), line tabulation (`U+000B`), +form feed (`U+000C`), or carriage return (`U+000D`). + +[Whitespace](@) is a sequence of one or more [whitespace +characters]. + +A [Unicode whitespace character](@) is +any code point in the Unicode `Zs` general category, or a tab (`U+0009`), +carriage return (`U+000D`), newline (`U+000A`), or form feed +(`U+000C`). + +[Unicode whitespace](@) is a sequence of one +or more [Unicode whitespace characters]. + +A [space](@) is `U+0020`. + +A [non-whitespace character](@) is any character +that is not a [whitespace character]. + +An [ASCII punctuation character](@) +is `!`, `"`, `#`, `$`, `%`, `&`, `'`, `(`, `)`, +`*`, `+`, `,`, `-`, `.`, `/` (U+0021–2F), +`:`, `;`, `<`, `=`, `>`, `?`, `@` (U+003A–0040), +`[`, `\`, `]`, `^`, `_`, `` ` `` (U+005B–0060), +`{`, `|`, `}`, or `~` (U+007B–007E). + +A [punctuation character](@) is an [ASCII +punctuation character] or anything in +the general Unicode categories `Pc`, `Pd`, `Pe`, `Pf`, `Pi`, `Po`, or `Ps`. + +## Tabs + +Tabs in lines are not expanded to [spaces]. However, +in contexts where whitespace helps to define block structure, +tabs behave as if they were replaced by spaces with a tab stop +of 4 characters. + +Thus, for example, a tab can be used instead of four spaces +in an indented code block. (Note, however, that internal +tabs are passed through as literal tabs, not expanded to +spaces.) + +```````````````````````````````` example +→foo→baz→→bim +. +<pre><code>foo→baz→→bim +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example + →foo→baz→→bim +. +<pre><code>foo→baz→→bim +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example + a→a + ὐ→a +. +<pre><code>a→a +ὐ→a +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + +In the following example, a continuation paragraph of a list +item is indented with a tab; this has exactly the same effect +as indentation with four spaces would: + +```````````````````````````````` example + - foo + +→bar +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<p>bar</p> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +- foo + +→→bar +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<pre><code> bar +</code></pre> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + +Normally the `>` that begins a block quote may be followed +optionally by a space, which is not considered part of the +content. In the following case `>` is followed by a tab, +which is treated as if it were expanded into three spaces. +Since one of these spaces is considered part of the +delimiter, `foo` is considered to be indented six spaces +inside the block quote context, so we get an indented +code block starting with two spaces. + +```````````````````````````````` example +>→→foo +. +<blockquote> +<pre><code> foo +</code></pre> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +-→→foo +. +<ul> +<li> +<pre><code> foo +</code></pre> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + foo +→bar +. +<pre><code>foo +bar +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example + - foo + - bar +→ - baz +. +<ul> +<li>foo +<ul> +<li>bar +<ul> +<li>baz</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +#→Foo +. +<h1>Foo</h1> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +*→*→*→ +. +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +## Insecure characters + +For security reasons, the Unicode character `U+0000` must be replaced +with the REPLACEMENT CHARACTER (`U+FFFD`). + +# Blocks and inlines + +We can think of a document as a sequence of +[blocks](@)---structural elements like paragraphs, block +quotations, lists, headings, rules, and code blocks. Some blocks (like +block quotes and list items) contain other blocks; others (like +headings and paragraphs) contain [inline](@) content---text, +links, emphasized text, images, code spans, and so on. + +## Precedence + +Indicators of block structure always take precedence over indicators +of inline structure. So, for example, the following is a list with +two items, not a list with one item containing a code span: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- `one +- two` +. +<ul> +<li>`one</li> +<li>two`</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This means that parsing can proceed in two steps: first, the block +structure of the document can be discerned; second, text lines inside +paragraphs, headings, and other block constructs can be parsed for inline +structure. The second step requires information about link reference +definitions that will be available only at the end of the first +step. Note that the first step requires processing lines in sequence, +but the second can be parallelized, since the inline parsing of +one block element does not affect the inline parsing of any other. + +## Container blocks and leaf blocks + +We can divide blocks into two types: +[container blocks](@), +which can contain other blocks, and [leaf blocks](@), +which cannot. + +# Leaf blocks + +This section describes the different kinds of leaf block that make up a +Markdown document. + +## Thematic breaks + +A line consisting of 0-3 spaces of indentation, followed by a sequence +of three or more matching `-`, `_`, or `*` characters, each followed +optionally by any number of spaces or tabs, forms a +[thematic break](@). + +```````````````````````````````` example +*** +--- +___ +. +<hr /> +<hr /> +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Wrong characters: + +```````````````````````````````` example ++++ +. +<p>+++</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +=== +. +<p>===</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Not enough characters: + +```````````````````````````````` example +-- +** +__ +. +<p>-- +** +__</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +One to three spaces indent are allowed: + +```````````````````````````````` example + *** + *** + *** +. +<hr /> +<hr /> +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Four spaces is too many: + +```````````````````````````````` example + *** +. +<pre><code>*** +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo + *** +. +<p>Foo +***</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +More than three characters may be used: + +```````````````````````````````` example +_____________________________________ +. +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Spaces are allowed between the characters: + +```````````````````````````````` example + - - - +. +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + ** * ** * ** * ** +. +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +- - - - +. +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Spaces are allowed at the end: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- - - - +. +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +However, no other characters may occur in the line: + +```````````````````````````````` example +_ _ _ _ a + +a------ + +---a--- +. +<p>_ _ _ _ a</p> +<p>a------</p> +<p>---a---</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +It is required that all of the [non-whitespace characters] be the same. +So, this is not a thematic break: + +```````````````````````````````` example + *-* +. +<p><em>-</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Thematic breaks do not need blank lines before or after: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- foo +*** +- bar +. +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +</ul> +<hr /> +<ul> +<li>bar</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Thematic breaks can interrupt a paragraph: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo +*** +bar +. +<p>Foo</p> +<hr /> +<p>bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +If a line of dashes that meets the above conditions for being a +thematic break could also be interpreted as the underline of a [setext +heading], the interpretation as a +[setext heading] takes precedence. Thus, for example, +this is a setext heading, not a paragraph followed by a thematic break: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo +--- +bar +. +<h2>Foo</h2> +<p>bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +When both a thematic break and a list item are possible +interpretations of a line, the thematic break takes precedence: + +```````````````````````````````` example +* Foo +* * * +* Bar +. +<ul> +<li>Foo</li> +</ul> +<hr /> +<ul> +<li>Bar</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +If you want a thematic break in a list item, use a different bullet: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- Foo +- * * * +. +<ul> +<li>Foo</li> +<li> +<hr /> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +## ATX headings + +An [ATX heading](@) +consists of a string of characters, parsed as inline content, between an +opening sequence of 1--6 unescaped `#` characters and an optional +closing sequence of any number of unescaped `#` characters. +The opening sequence of `#` characters must be followed by a +[space] or by the end of line. The optional closing sequence of `#`s must be +preceded by a [space] and may be followed by spaces only. The opening +`#` character may be indented 0-3 spaces. The raw contents of the +heading are stripped of leading and trailing spaces before being parsed +as inline content. The heading level is equal to the number of `#` +characters in the opening sequence. + +Simple headings: + +```````````````````````````````` example +# foo +## foo +### foo +#### foo +##### foo +###### foo +. +<h1>foo</h1> +<h2>foo</h2> +<h3>foo</h3> +<h4>foo</h4> +<h5>foo</h5> +<h6>foo</h6> +```````````````````````````````` + + +More than six `#` characters is not a heading: + +```````````````````````````````` example +####### foo +. +<p>####### foo</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +At least one space is required between the `#` characters and the +heading's contents, unless the heading is empty. Note that many +implementations currently do not require the space. However, the +space was required by the +[original ATX implementation](http://www.aaronsw.com/2002/atx/atx.py), +and it helps prevent things like the following from being parsed as +headings: + +```````````````````````````````` example +#5 bolt + +#hashtag +. +<p>#5 bolt</p> +<p>#hashtag</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not a heading, because the first `#` is escaped: + +```````````````````````````````` example +\## foo +. +<p>## foo</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Contents are parsed as inlines: + +```````````````````````````````` example +# foo *bar* \*baz\* +. +<h1>foo <em>bar</em> *baz*</h1> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Leading and trailing [whitespace] is ignored in parsing inline content: + +```````````````````````````````` example +# foo +. +<h1>foo</h1> +```````````````````````````````` + + +One to three spaces indentation are allowed: + +```````````````````````````````` example + ### foo + ## foo + # foo +. +<h3>foo</h3> +<h2>foo</h2> +<h1>foo</h1> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Four spaces are too much: + +```````````````````````````````` example + # foo +. +<pre><code># foo +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo + # bar +. +<p>foo +# bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A closing sequence of `#` characters is optional: + +```````````````````````````````` example +## foo ## + ### bar ### +. +<h2>foo</h2> +<h3>bar</h3> +```````````````````````````````` + + +It need not be the same length as the opening sequence: + +```````````````````````````````` example +# foo ################################## +##### foo ## +. +<h1>foo</h1> +<h5>foo</h5> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Spaces are allowed after the closing sequence: + +```````````````````````````````` example +### foo ### +. +<h3>foo</h3> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A sequence of `#` characters with anything but [spaces] following it +is not a closing sequence, but counts as part of the contents of the +heading: + +```````````````````````````````` example +### foo ### b +. +<h3>foo ### b</h3> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The closing sequence must be preceded by a space: + +```````````````````````````````` example +# foo# +. +<h1>foo#</h1> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Backslash-escaped `#` characters do not count as part +of the closing sequence: + +```````````````````````````````` example +### foo \### +## foo #\## +# foo \# +. +<h3>foo ###</h3> +<h2>foo ###</h2> +<h1>foo #</h1> +```````````````````````````````` + + +ATX headings need not be separated from surrounding content by blank +lines, and they can interrupt paragraphs: + +```````````````````````````````` example +**** +## foo +**** +. +<hr /> +<h2>foo</h2> +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo bar +# baz +Bar foo +. +<p>Foo bar</p> +<h1>baz</h1> +<p>Bar foo</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +ATX headings can be empty: + +```````````````````````````````` example +## +# +### ### +. +<h2></h2> +<h1></h1> +<h3></h3> +```````````````````````````````` + + +## Setext headings + +A [setext heading](@) consists of one or more +lines of text, each containing at least one [non-whitespace +character], with no more than 3 spaces indentation, followed by +a [setext heading underline]. The lines of text must be such +that, were they not followed by the setext heading underline, +they would be interpreted as a paragraph: they cannot be +interpretable as a [code fence], [ATX heading][ATX headings], +[block quote][block quotes], [thematic break][thematic breaks], +[list item][list items], or [HTML block][HTML blocks]. + +A [setext heading underline](@) is a sequence of +`=` characters or a sequence of `-` characters, with no more than 3 +spaces indentation and any number of trailing spaces. If a line +containing a single `-` can be interpreted as an +empty [list items], it should be interpreted this way +and not as a [setext heading underline]. + +The heading is a level 1 heading if `=` characters are used in +the [setext heading underline], and a level 2 heading if `-` +characters are used. The contents of the heading are the result +of parsing the preceding lines of text as CommonMark inline +content. + +In general, a setext heading need not be preceded or followed by a +blank line. However, it cannot interrupt a paragraph, so when a +setext heading comes after a paragraph, a blank line is needed between +them. + +Simple examples: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo *bar* +========= + +Foo *bar* +--------- +. +<h1>Foo <em>bar</em></h1> +<h2>Foo <em>bar</em></h2> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The content of the header may span more than one line: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo *bar +baz* +==== +. +<h1>Foo <em>bar +baz</em></h1> +```````````````````````````````` + +The contents are the result of parsing the headings's raw +content as inlines. The heading's raw content is formed by +concatenating the lines and removing initial and final +[whitespace]. + +```````````````````````````````` example + Foo *bar +baz*→ +==== +. +<h1>Foo <em>bar +baz</em></h1> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The underlining can be any length: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo +------------------------- + +Foo += +. +<h2>Foo</h2> +<h1>Foo</h1> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The heading content can be indented up to three spaces, and need +not line up with the underlining: + +```````````````````````````````` example + Foo +--- + + Foo +----- + + Foo + === +. +<h2>Foo</h2> +<h2>Foo</h2> +<h1>Foo</h1> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Four spaces indent is too much: + +```````````````````````````````` example + Foo + --- + + Foo +--- +. +<pre><code>Foo +--- + +Foo +</code></pre> +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The setext heading underline can be indented up to three spaces, and +may have trailing spaces: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo + ---- +. +<h2>Foo</h2> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Four spaces is too much: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo + --- +. +<p>Foo +---</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The setext heading underline cannot contain internal spaces: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo += = + +Foo +--- - +. +<p>Foo += =</p> +<p>Foo</p> +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Trailing spaces in the content line do not cause a line break: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo +----- +. +<h2>Foo</h2> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Nor does a backslash at the end: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo\ +---- +. +<h2>Foo\</h2> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Since indicators of block structure take precedence over +indicators of inline structure, the following are setext headings: + +```````````````````````````````` example +`Foo +---- +` + +<a title="a lot +--- +of dashes"/> +. +<h2>`Foo</h2> +<p>`</p> +<h2><a title="a lot</h2> +<p>of dashes"/></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The setext heading underline cannot be a [lazy continuation +line] in a list item or block quote: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> Foo +--- +. +<blockquote> +<p>Foo</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +> foo +bar +=== +. +<blockquote> +<p>foo +bar +===</p> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +- Foo +--- +. +<ul> +<li>Foo</li> +</ul> +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A blank line is needed between a paragraph and a following +setext heading, since otherwise the paragraph becomes part +of the heading's content: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo +Bar +--- +. +<h2>Foo +Bar</h2> +```````````````````````````````` + + +But in general a blank line is not required before or after +setext headings: + +```````````````````````````````` example +--- +Foo +--- +Bar +--- +Baz +. +<hr /> +<h2>Foo</h2> +<h2>Bar</h2> +<p>Baz</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Setext headings cannot be empty: + +```````````````````````````````` example + +==== +. +<p>====</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Setext heading text lines must not be interpretable as block +constructs other than paragraphs. So, the line of dashes +in these examples gets interpreted as a thematic break: + +```````````````````````````````` example +--- +--- +. +<hr /> +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +- foo +----- +. +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +</ul> +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + foo +--- +. +<pre><code>foo +</code></pre> +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +> foo +----- +. +<blockquote> +<p>foo</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +If you want a heading with `> foo` as its literal text, you can +use backslash escapes: + +```````````````````````````````` example +\> foo +------ +. +<h2>> foo</h2> +```````````````````````````````` + + +**Compatibility note:** Most existing Markdown implementations +do not allow the text of setext headings to span multiple lines. +But there is no consensus about how to interpret + +``` markdown +Foo +bar +--- +baz +``` + +One can find four different interpretations: + +1. paragraph "Foo", heading "bar", paragraph "baz" +2. paragraph "Foo bar", thematic break, paragraph "baz" +3. paragraph "Foo bar --- baz" +4. heading "Foo bar", paragraph "baz" + +We find interpretation 4 most natural, and interpretation 4 +increases the expressive power of CommonMark, by allowing +multiline headings. Authors who want interpretation 1 can +put a blank line after the first paragraph: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo + +bar +--- +baz +. +<p>Foo</p> +<h2>bar</h2> +<p>baz</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Authors who want interpretation 2 can put blank lines around +the thematic break, + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo +bar + +--- + +baz +. +<p>Foo +bar</p> +<hr /> +<p>baz</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +or use a thematic break that cannot count as a [setext heading +underline], such as + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo +bar +* * * +baz +. +<p>Foo +bar</p> +<hr /> +<p>baz</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Authors who want interpretation 3 can use backslash escapes: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo +bar +\--- +baz +. +<p>Foo +bar +--- +baz</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +## Indented code blocks + +An [indented code block](@) is composed of one or more +[indented chunks] separated by blank lines. +An [indented chunk](@) is a sequence of non-blank lines, +each indented four or more spaces. The contents of the code block are +the literal contents of the lines, including trailing +[line endings], minus four spaces of indentation. +An indented code block has no [info string]. + +An indented code block cannot interrupt a paragraph, so there must be +a blank line between a paragraph and a following indented code block. +(A blank line is not needed, however, between a code block and a following +paragraph.) + +```````````````````````````````` example + a simple + indented code block +. +<pre><code>a simple + indented code block +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +If there is any ambiguity between an interpretation of indentation +as a code block and as indicating that material belongs to a [list +item][list items], the list item interpretation takes precedence: + +```````````````````````````````` example + - foo + + bar +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<p>bar</p> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +1. foo + + - bar +. +<ol> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<ul> +<li>bar</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +The contents of a code block are literal text, and do not get parsed +as Markdown: + +```````````````````````````````` example + <a/> + *hi* + + - one +. +<pre><code><a/> +*hi* + +- one +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Here we have three chunks separated by blank lines: + +```````````````````````````````` example + chunk1 + + chunk2 + + + + chunk3 +. +<pre><code>chunk1 + +chunk2 + + + +chunk3 +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Any initial spaces beyond four will be included in the content, even +in interior blank lines: + +```````````````````````````````` example + chunk1 + + chunk2 +. +<pre><code>chunk1 + + chunk2 +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +An indented code block cannot interrupt a paragraph. (This +allows hanging indents and the like.) + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo + bar + +. +<p>Foo +bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +However, any non-blank line with fewer than four leading spaces ends +the code block immediately. So a paragraph may occur immediately +after indented code: + +```````````````````````````````` example + foo +bar +. +<pre><code>foo +</code></pre> +<p>bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +And indented code can occur immediately before and after other kinds of +blocks: + +```````````````````````````````` example +# Heading + foo +Heading +------ + foo +---- +. +<h1>Heading</h1> +<pre><code>foo +</code></pre> +<h2>Heading</h2> +<pre><code>foo +</code></pre> +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The first line can be indented more than four spaces: + +```````````````````````````````` example + foo + bar +. +<pre><code> foo +bar +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Blank lines preceding or following an indented code block +are not included in it: + +```````````````````````````````` example + + + foo + + +. +<pre><code>foo +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Trailing spaces are included in the code block's content: + +```````````````````````````````` example + foo +. +<pre><code>foo +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +## Fenced code blocks + +A [code fence](@) is a sequence +of at least three consecutive backtick characters (`` ` ``) or +tildes (`~`). (Tildes and backticks cannot be mixed.) +A [fenced code block](@) +begins with a code fence, indented no more than three spaces. + +The line with the opening code fence may optionally contain some text +following the code fence; this is trimmed of leading and trailing +whitespace and called the [info string](@). If the [info string] comes +after a backtick fence, it may not contain any backtick +characters. (The reason for this restriction is that otherwise +some inline code would be incorrectly interpreted as the +beginning of a fenced code block.) + +The content of the code block consists of all subsequent lines, until +a closing [code fence] of the same type as the code block +began with (backticks or tildes), and with at least as many backticks +or tildes as the opening code fence. If the leading code fence is +indented N spaces, then up to N spaces of indentation are removed from +each line of the content (if present). (If a content line is not +indented, it is preserved unchanged. If it is indented less than N +spaces, all of the indentation is removed.) + +The closing code fence may be indented up to three spaces, and may be +followed only by spaces, which are ignored. If the end of the +containing block (or document) is reached and no closing code fence +has been found, the code block contains all of the lines after the +opening code fence until the end of the containing block (or +document). (An alternative spec would require backtracking in the +event that a closing code fence is not found. But this makes parsing +much less efficient, and there seems to be no real down side to the +behavior described here.) + +A fenced code block may interrupt a paragraph, and does not require +a blank line either before or after. + +The content of a code fence is treated as literal text, not parsed +as inlines. The first word of the [info string] is typically used to +specify the language of the code sample, and rendered in the `class` +attribute of the `code` tag. However, this spec does not mandate any +particular treatment of the [info string]. + +Here is a simple example with backticks: + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` +< + > +``` +. +<pre><code>< + > +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +With tildes: + +```````````````````````````````` example +~~~ +< + > +~~~ +. +<pre><code>< + > +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + +Fewer than three backticks is not enough: + +```````````````````````````````` example +`` +foo +`` +. +<p><code>foo</code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +The closing code fence must use the same character as the opening +fence: + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` +aaa +~~~ +``` +. +<pre><code>aaa +~~~ +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +~~~ +aaa +``` +~~~ +. +<pre><code>aaa +``` +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The closing code fence must be at least as long as the opening fence: + +```````````````````````````````` example +```` +aaa +``` +`````` +. +<pre><code>aaa +``` +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +~~~~ +aaa +~~~ +~~~~ +. +<pre><code>aaa +~~~ +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Unclosed code blocks are closed by the end of the document +(or the enclosing [block quote][block quotes] or [list item][list items]): + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` +. +<pre><code></code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +````` + +``` +aaa +. +<pre><code> +``` +aaa +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +> ``` +> aaa + +bbb +. +<blockquote> +<pre><code>aaa +</code></pre> +</blockquote> +<p>bbb</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A code block can have all empty lines as its content: + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` + + +``` +. +<pre><code> + +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A code block can be empty: + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` +``` +. +<pre><code></code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Fences can be indented. If the opening fence is indented, +content lines will have equivalent opening indentation removed, +if present: + +```````````````````````````````` example + ``` + aaa +aaa +``` +. +<pre><code>aaa +aaa +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + ``` +aaa + aaa +aaa + ``` +. +<pre><code>aaa +aaa +aaa +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + ``` + aaa + aaa + aaa + ``` +. +<pre><code>aaa + aaa +aaa +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Four spaces indentation produces an indented code block: + +```````````````````````````````` example + ``` + aaa + ``` +. +<pre><code>``` +aaa +``` +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Closing fences may be indented by 0-3 spaces, and their indentation +need not match that of the opening fence: + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` +aaa + ``` +. +<pre><code>aaa +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + ``` +aaa + ``` +. +<pre><code>aaa +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not a closing fence, because it is indented 4 spaces: + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` +aaa + ``` +. +<pre><code>aaa + ``` +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +Code fences (opening and closing) cannot contain internal spaces: + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` ``` +aaa +. +<p><code> </code> +aaa</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +~~~~~~ +aaa +~~~ ~~ +. +<pre><code>aaa +~~~ ~~ +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Fenced code blocks can interrupt paragraphs, and can be followed +directly by paragraphs, without a blank line between: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo +``` +bar +``` +baz +. +<p>foo</p> +<pre><code>bar +</code></pre> +<p>baz</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Other blocks can also occur before and after fenced code blocks +without an intervening blank line: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo +--- +~~~ +bar +~~~ +# baz +. +<h2>foo</h2> +<pre><code>bar +</code></pre> +<h1>baz</h1> +```````````````````````````````` + + +An [info string] can be provided after the opening code fence. +Although this spec doesn't mandate any particular treatment of +the info string, the first word is typically used to specify +the language of the code block. In HTML output, the language is +normally indicated by adding a class to the `code` element consisting +of `language-` followed by the language name. + +```````````````````````````````` example +```ruby +def foo(x) + return 3 +end +``` +. +<pre><code class="language-ruby">def foo(x) + return 3 +end +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +~~~~ ruby startline=3 $%@#$ +def foo(x) + return 3 +end +~~~~~~~ +. +<pre><code class="language-ruby">def foo(x) + return 3 +end +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +````; +```` +. +<pre><code class="language-;"></code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +[Info strings] for backtick code blocks cannot contain backticks: + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` aa ``` +foo +. +<p><code>aa</code> +foo</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +[Info strings] for tilde code blocks can contain backticks and tildes: + +```````````````````````````````` example +~~~ aa ``` ~~~ +foo +~~~ +. +<pre><code class="language-aa">foo +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Closing code fences cannot have [info strings]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` +``` aaa +``` +. +<pre><code>``` aaa +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +## HTML blocks + +An [HTML block](@) is a group of lines that is treated +as raw HTML (and will not be escaped in HTML output). + +There are seven kinds of [HTML block], which can be defined by their +start and end conditions. The block begins with a line that meets a +[start condition](@) (after up to three spaces optional indentation). +It ends with the first subsequent line that meets a matching [end +condition](@), or the last line of the document, or the last line of +the [container block](#container-blocks) containing the current HTML +block, if no line is encountered that meets the [end condition]. If +the first line meets both the [start condition] and the [end +condition], the block will contain just that line. + +1. **Start condition:** line begins with the string `<script`, +`<pre`, or `<style` (case-insensitive), followed by whitespace, +the string `>`, or the end of the line.\ +**End condition:** line contains an end tag +`</script>`, `</pre>`, or `</style>` (case-insensitive; it +need not match the start tag). + +2. **Start condition:** line begins with the string `<!--`.\ +**End condition:** line contains the string `-->`. + +3. **Start condition:** line begins with the string `<?`.\ +**End condition:** line contains the string `?>`. + +4. **Start condition:** line begins with the string `<!` +followed by an uppercase ASCII letter.\ +**End condition:** line contains the character `>`. + +5. **Start condition:** line begins with the string +`<![CDATA[`.\ +**End condition:** line contains the string `]]>`. + +6. **Start condition:** line begins the string `<` or `</` +followed by one of the strings (case-insensitive) `address`, +`article`, `aside`, `base`, `basefont`, `blockquote`, `body`, +`caption`, `center`, `col`, `colgroup`, `dd`, `details`, `dialog`, +`dir`, `div`, `dl`, `dt`, `fieldset`, `figcaption`, `figure`, +`footer`, `form`, `frame`, `frameset`, +`h1`, `h2`, `h3`, `h4`, `h5`, `h6`, `head`, `header`, `hr`, +`html`, `iframe`, `legend`, `li`, `link`, `main`, `menu`, `menuitem`, +`nav`, `noframes`, `ol`, `optgroup`, `option`, `p`, `param`, +`section`, `source`, `summary`, `table`, `tbody`, `td`, +`tfoot`, `th`, `thead`, `title`, `tr`, `track`, `ul`, followed +by [whitespace], the end of the line, the string `>`, or +the string `/>`.\ +**End condition:** line is followed by a [blank line]. + +7. **Start condition:** line begins with a complete [open tag] +(with any [tag name] other than `script`, +`style`, or `pre`) or a complete [closing tag], +followed only by [whitespace] or the end of the line.\ +**End condition:** line is followed by a [blank line]. + +HTML blocks continue until they are closed by their appropriate +[end condition], or the last line of the document or other [container +block](#container-blocks). This means any HTML **within an HTML +block** that might otherwise be recognised as a start condition will +be ignored by the parser and passed through as-is, without changing +the parser's state. + +For instance, `<pre>` within a HTML block started by `<table>` will not affect +the parser state; as the HTML block was started in by start condition 6, it +will end at any blank line. This can be surprising: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<table><tr><td> +<pre> +**Hello**, + +_world_. +</pre> +</td></tr></table> +. +<table><tr><td> +<pre> +**Hello**, +<p><em>world</em>. +</pre></p> +</td></tr></table> +```````````````````````````````` + +In this case, the HTML block is terminated by the newline — the `**Hello**` +text remains verbatim — and regular parsing resumes, with a paragraph, +emphasised `world` and inline and block HTML following. + +All types of [HTML blocks] except type 7 may interrupt +a paragraph. Blocks of type 7 may not interrupt a paragraph. +(This restriction is intended to prevent unwanted interpretation +of long tags inside a wrapped paragraph as starting HTML blocks.) + +Some simple examples follow. Here are some basic HTML blocks +of type 6: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<table> + <tr> + <td> + hi + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +okay. +. +<table> + <tr> + <td> + hi + </td> + </tr> +</table> +<p>okay.</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + <div> + *hello* + <foo><a> +. + <div> + *hello* + <foo><a> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A block can also start with a closing tag: + +```````````````````````````````` example +</div> +*foo* +. +</div> +*foo* +```````````````````````````````` + + +Here we have two HTML blocks with a Markdown paragraph between them: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<DIV CLASS="foo"> + +*Markdown* + +</DIV> +. +<DIV CLASS="foo"> +<p><em>Markdown</em></p> +</DIV> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The tag on the first line can be partial, as long +as it is split where there would be whitespace: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<div id="foo" + class="bar"> +</div> +. +<div id="foo" + class="bar"> +</div> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<div id="foo" class="bar + baz"> +</div> +. +<div id="foo" class="bar + baz"> +</div> +```````````````````````````````` + + +An open tag need not be closed: +```````````````````````````````` example +<div> +*foo* + +*bar* +. +<div> +*foo* +<p><em>bar</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +A partial tag need not even be completed (garbage +in, garbage out): + +```````````````````````````````` example +<div id="foo" +*hi* +. +<div id="foo" +*hi* +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<div class +foo +. +<div class +foo +```````````````````````````````` + + +The initial tag doesn't even need to be a valid +tag, as long as it starts like one: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<div *???-&&&-<--- +*foo* +. +<div *???-&&&-<--- +*foo* +```````````````````````````````` + + +In type 6 blocks, the initial tag need not be on a line by +itself: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<div><a href="bar">*foo*</a></div> +. +<div><a href="bar">*foo*</a></div> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<table><tr><td> +foo +</td></tr></table> +. +<table><tr><td> +foo +</td></tr></table> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Everything until the next blank line or end of document +gets included in the HTML block. So, in the following +example, what looks like a Markdown code block +is actually part of the HTML block, which continues until a blank +line or the end of the document is reached: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<div></div> +``` c +int x = 33; +``` +. +<div></div> +``` c +int x = 33; +``` +```````````````````````````````` + + +To start an [HTML block] with a tag that is *not* in the +list of block-level tags in (6), you must put the tag by +itself on the first line (and it must be complete): + +```````````````````````````````` example +<a href="foo"> +*bar* +</a> +. +<a href="foo"> +*bar* +</a> +```````````````````````````````` + + +In type 7 blocks, the [tag name] can be anything: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<Warning> +*bar* +</Warning> +. +<Warning> +*bar* +</Warning> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<i class="foo"> +*bar* +</i> +. +<i class="foo"> +*bar* +</i> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +</ins> +*bar* +. +</ins> +*bar* +```````````````````````````````` + + +These rules are designed to allow us to work with tags that +can function as either block-level or inline-level tags. +The `<del>` tag is a nice example. We can surround content with +`<del>` tags in three different ways. In this case, we get a raw +HTML block, because the `<del>` tag is on a line by itself: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<del> +*foo* +</del> +. +<del> +*foo* +</del> +```````````````````````````````` + + +In this case, we get a raw HTML block that just includes +the `<del>` tag (because it ends with the following blank +line). So the contents get interpreted as CommonMark: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<del> + +*foo* + +</del> +. +<del> +<p><em>foo</em></p> +</del> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Finally, in this case, the `<del>` tags are interpreted +as [raw HTML] *inside* the CommonMark paragraph. (Because +the tag is not on a line by itself, we get inline HTML +rather than an [HTML block].) + +```````````````````````````````` example +<del>*foo*</del> +. +<p><del><em>foo</em></del></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +HTML tags designed to contain literal content +(`script`, `style`, `pre`), comments, processing instructions, +and declarations are treated somewhat differently. +Instead of ending at the first blank line, these blocks +end at the first line containing a corresponding end tag. +As a result, these blocks can contain blank lines: + +A pre tag (type 1): + +```````````````````````````````` example +<pre language="haskell"><code> +import Text.HTML.TagSoup + +main :: IO () +main = print $ parseTags tags +</code></pre> +okay +. +<pre language="haskell"><code> +import Text.HTML.TagSoup + +main :: IO () +main = print $ parseTags tags +</code></pre> +<p>okay</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A script tag (type 1): + +```````````````````````````````` example +<script type="text/javascript"> +// JavaScript example + +document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "Hello JavaScript!"; +</script> +okay +. +<script type="text/javascript"> +// JavaScript example + +document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "Hello JavaScript!"; +</script> +<p>okay</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A style tag (type 1): + +```````````````````````````````` example +<style + type="text/css"> +h1 {color:red;} + +p {color:blue;} +</style> +okay +. +<style + type="text/css"> +h1 {color:red;} + +p {color:blue;} +</style> +<p>okay</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +If there is no matching end tag, the block will end at the +end of the document (or the enclosing [block quote][block quotes] +or [list item][list items]): + +```````````````````````````````` example +<style + type="text/css"> + +foo +. +<style + type="text/css"> + +foo +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +> <div> +> foo + +bar +. +<blockquote> +<div> +foo +</blockquote> +<p>bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +- <div> +- foo +. +<ul> +<li> +<div> +</li> +<li>foo</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The end tag can occur on the same line as the start tag: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<style>p{color:red;}</style> +*foo* +. +<style>p{color:red;}</style> +<p><em>foo</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<!-- foo -->*bar* +*baz* +. +<!-- foo -->*bar* +<p><em>baz</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Note that anything on the last line after the +end tag will be included in the [HTML block]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<script> +foo +</script>1. *bar* +. +<script> +foo +</script>1. *bar* +```````````````````````````````` + + +A comment (type 2): + +```````````````````````````````` example +<!-- Foo + +bar + baz --> +okay +. +<!-- Foo + +bar + baz --> +<p>okay</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +A processing instruction (type 3): + +```````````````````````````````` example +<?php + + echo '>'; + +?> +okay +. +<?php + + echo '>'; + +?> +<p>okay</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A declaration (type 4): + +```````````````````````````````` example +<!DOCTYPE html> +. +<!DOCTYPE html> +```````````````````````````````` + + +CDATA (type 5): + +```````````````````````````````` example +<![CDATA[ +function matchwo(a,b) +{ + if (a < b && a < 0) then { + return 1; + + } else { + + return 0; + } +} +]]> +okay +. +<![CDATA[ +function matchwo(a,b) +{ + if (a < b && a < 0) then { + return 1; + + } else { + + return 0; + } +} +]]> +<p>okay</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The opening tag can be indented 1-3 spaces, but not 4: + +```````````````````````````````` example + <!-- foo --> + + <!-- foo --> +. + <!-- foo --> +<pre><code><!-- foo --> +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + <div> + + <div> +. + <div> +<pre><code><div> +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +An HTML block of types 1--6 can interrupt a paragraph, and need not be +preceded by a blank line. + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo +<div> +bar +</div> +. +<p>Foo</p> +<div> +bar +</div> +```````````````````````````````` + + +However, a following blank line is needed, except at the end of +a document, and except for blocks of types 1--5, [above][HTML +block]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<div> +bar +</div> +*foo* +. +<div> +bar +</div> +*foo* +```````````````````````````````` + + +HTML blocks of type 7 cannot interrupt a paragraph: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo +<a href="bar"> +baz +. +<p>Foo +<a href="bar"> +baz</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This rule differs from John Gruber's original Markdown syntax +specification, which says: + +> The only restrictions are that block-level HTML elements — +> e.g. `<div>`, `<table>`, `<pre>`, `<p>`, etc. — must be separated from +> surrounding content by blank lines, and the start and end tags of the +> block should not be indented with tabs or spaces. + +In some ways Gruber's rule is more restrictive than the one given +here: + +- It requires that an HTML block be preceded by a blank line. +- It does not allow the start tag to be indented. +- It requires a matching end tag, which it also does not allow to + be indented. + +Most Markdown implementations (including some of Gruber's own) do not +respect all of these restrictions. + +There is one respect, however, in which Gruber's rule is more liberal +than the one given here, since it allows blank lines to occur inside +an HTML block. There are two reasons for disallowing them here. +First, it removes the need to parse balanced tags, which is +expensive and can require backtracking from the end of the document +if no matching end tag is found. Second, it provides a very simple +and flexible way of including Markdown content inside HTML tags: +simply separate the Markdown from the HTML using blank lines: + +Compare: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<div> + +*Emphasized* text. + +</div> +. +<div> +<p><em>Emphasized</em> text.</p> +</div> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<div> +*Emphasized* text. +</div> +. +<div> +*Emphasized* text. +</div> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Some Markdown implementations have adopted a convention of +interpreting content inside tags as text if the open tag has +the attribute `markdown=1`. The rule given above seems a simpler and +more elegant way of achieving the same expressive power, which is also +much simpler to parse. + +The main potential drawback is that one can no longer paste HTML +blocks into Markdown documents with 100% reliability. However, +*in most cases* this will work fine, because the blank lines in +HTML are usually followed by HTML block tags. For example: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<table> + +<tr> + +<td> +Hi +</td> + +</tr> + +</table> +. +<table> +<tr> +<td> +Hi +</td> +</tr> +</table> +```````````````````````````````` + + +There are problems, however, if the inner tags are indented +*and* separated by spaces, as then they will be interpreted as +an indented code block: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<table> + + <tr> + + <td> + Hi + </td> + + </tr> + +</table> +. +<table> + <tr> +<pre><code><td> + Hi +</td> +</code></pre> + </tr> +</table> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Fortunately, blank lines are usually not necessary and can be +deleted. The exception is inside `<pre>` tags, but as described +[above][HTML blocks], raw HTML blocks starting with `<pre>` +*can* contain blank lines. + +## Link reference definitions + +A [link reference definition](@) +consists of a [link label], indented up to three spaces, followed +by a colon (`:`), optional [whitespace] (including up to one +[line ending]), a [link destination], +optional [whitespace] (including up to one +[line ending]), and an optional [link +title], which if it is present must be separated +from the [link destination] by [whitespace]. +No further [non-whitespace characters] may occur on the line. + +A [link reference definition] +does not correspond to a structural element of a document. Instead, it +defines a label which can be used in [reference links] +and reference-style [images] elsewhere in the document. [Link +reference definitions] can come either before or after the links that use +them. + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo]: /url "title" + +[foo] +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + [foo]: + /url + 'the title' + +[foo] +. +<p><a href="/url" title="the title">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[Foo*bar\]]:my_(url) 'title (with parens)' + +[Foo*bar\]] +. +<p><a href="my_(url)" title="title (with parens)">Foo*bar]</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[Foo bar]: +<my url> +'title' + +[Foo bar] +. +<p><a href="my%20url" title="title">Foo bar</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The title may extend over multiple lines: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo]: /url ' +title +line1 +line2 +' + +[foo] +. +<p><a href="/url" title=" +title +line1 +line2 +">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +However, it may not contain a [blank line]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo]: /url 'title + +with blank line' + +[foo] +. +<p>[foo]: /url 'title</p> +<p>with blank line'</p> +<p>[foo]</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The title may be omitted: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo]: +/url + +[foo] +. +<p><a href="/url">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The link destination may not be omitted: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo]: + +[foo] +. +<p>[foo]:</p> +<p>[foo]</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + However, an empty link destination may be specified using + angle brackets: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo]: <> + +[foo] +. +<p><a href="">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +The title must be separated from the link destination by +whitespace: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo]: <bar>(baz) + +[foo] +. +<p>[foo]: <bar>(baz)</p> +<p>[foo]</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Both title and destination can contain backslash escapes +and literal backslashes: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo]: /url\bar\*baz "foo\"bar\baz" + +[foo] +. +<p><a href="/url%5Cbar*baz" title="foo"bar\baz">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A link can come before its corresponding definition: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo] + +[foo]: url +. +<p><a href="url">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +If there are several matching definitions, the first one takes +precedence: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo] + +[foo]: first +[foo]: second +. +<p><a href="first">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +As noted in the section on [Links], matching of labels is +case-insensitive (see [matches]). + +```````````````````````````````` example +[FOO]: /url + +[Foo] +. +<p><a href="/url">Foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[ΑΓΩ]: /φου + +[αγω] +. +<p><a href="/%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%85">αγω</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Here is a link reference definition with no corresponding link. +It contributes nothing to the document. + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo]: /url +. +```````````````````````````````` + + +Here is another one: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[ +foo +]: /url +bar +. +<p>bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not a link reference definition, because there are +[non-whitespace characters] after the title: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo]: /url "title" ok +. +<p>[foo]: /url "title" ok</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is a link reference definition, but it has no title: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo]: /url +"title" ok +. +<p>"title" ok</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not a link reference definition, because it is indented +four spaces: + +```````````````````````````````` example + [foo]: /url "title" + +[foo] +. +<pre><code>[foo]: /url "title" +</code></pre> +<p>[foo]</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not a link reference definition, because it occurs inside +a code block: + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` +[foo]: /url +``` + +[foo] +. +<pre><code>[foo]: /url +</code></pre> +<p>[foo]</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A [link reference definition] cannot interrupt a paragraph. + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo +[bar]: /baz + +[bar] +. +<p>Foo +[bar]: /baz</p> +<p>[bar]</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +However, it can directly follow other block elements, such as headings +and thematic breaks, and it need not be followed by a blank line. + +```````````````````````````````` example +# [Foo] +[foo]: /url +> bar +. +<h1><a href="/url">Foo</a></h1> +<blockquote> +<p>bar</p> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo]: /url +bar +=== +[foo] +. +<h1>bar</h1> +<p><a href="/url">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo]: /url +=== +[foo] +. +<p>=== +<a href="/url">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Several [link reference definitions] +can occur one after another, without intervening blank lines. + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo]: /foo-url "foo" +[bar]: /bar-url + "bar" +[baz]: /baz-url + +[foo], +[bar], +[baz] +. +<p><a href="/foo-url" title="foo">foo</a>, +<a href="/bar-url" title="bar">bar</a>, +<a href="/baz-url">baz</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +[Link reference definitions] can occur +inside block containers, like lists and block quotations. They +affect the entire document, not just the container in which they +are defined: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo] + +> [foo]: /url +. +<p><a href="/url">foo</a></p> +<blockquote> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Whether something is a [link reference definition] is +independent of whether the link reference it defines is +used in the document. Thus, for example, the following +document contains just a link reference definition, and +no visible content: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo]: /url +. +```````````````````````````````` + + +## Paragraphs + +A sequence of non-blank lines that cannot be interpreted as other +kinds of blocks forms a [paragraph](@). +The contents of the paragraph are the result of parsing the +paragraph's raw content as inlines. The paragraph's raw content +is formed by concatenating the lines and removing initial and final +[whitespace]. + +A simple example with two paragraphs: + +```````````````````````````````` example +aaa + +bbb +. +<p>aaa</p> +<p>bbb</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Paragraphs can contain multiple lines, but no blank lines: + +```````````````````````````````` example +aaa +bbb + +ccc +ddd +. +<p>aaa +bbb</p> +<p>ccc +ddd</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Multiple blank lines between paragraph have no effect: + +```````````````````````````````` example +aaa + + +bbb +. +<p>aaa</p> +<p>bbb</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Leading spaces are skipped: + +```````````````````````````````` example + aaa + bbb +. +<p>aaa +bbb</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Lines after the first may be indented any amount, since indented +code blocks cannot interrupt paragraphs. + +```````````````````````````````` example +aaa + bbb + ccc +. +<p>aaa +bbb +ccc</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +However, the first line may be indented at most three spaces, +or an indented code block will be triggered: + +```````````````````````````````` example + aaa +bbb +. +<p>aaa +bbb</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + aaa +bbb +. +<pre><code>aaa +</code></pre> +<p>bbb</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Final spaces are stripped before inline parsing, so a paragraph +that ends with two or more spaces will not end with a [hard line +break]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +aaa +bbb +. +<p>aaa<br /> +bbb</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +## Blank lines + +[Blank lines] between block-level elements are ignored, +except for the role they play in determining whether a [list] +is [tight] or [loose]. + +Blank lines at the beginning and end of the document are also ignored. + +```````````````````````````````` example + + +aaa + + +# aaa + + +. +<p>aaa</p> +<h1>aaa</h1> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +# Container blocks + +A [container block](#container-blocks) is a block that has other +blocks as its contents. There are two basic kinds of container blocks: +[block quotes] and [list items]. +[Lists] are meta-containers for [list items]. + +We define the syntax for container blocks recursively. The general +form of the definition is: + +> If X is a sequence of blocks, then the result of +> transforming X in such-and-such a way is a container of type Y +> with these blocks as its content. + +So, we explain what counts as a block quote or list item by explaining +how these can be *generated* from their contents. This should suffice +to define the syntax, although it does not give a recipe for *parsing* +these constructions. (A recipe is provided below in the section entitled +[A parsing strategy](#appendix-a-parsing-strategy).) + +## Block quotes + +A [block quote marker](@) +consists of 0-3 spaces of initial indent, plus (a) the character `>` together +with a following space, or (b) a single character `>` not followed by a space. + +The following rules define [block quotes]: + +1. **Basic case.** If a string of lines *Ls* constitute a sequence + of blocks *Bs*, then the result of prepending a [block quote + marker] to the beginning of each line in *Ls* + is a [block quote](#block-quotes) containing *Bs*. + +2. **Laziness.** If a string of lines *Ls* constitute a [block + quote](#block-quotes) with contents *Bs*, then the result of deleting + the initial [block quote marker] from one or + more lines in which the next [non-whitespace character] after the [block + quote marker] is [paragraph continuation + text] is a block quote with *Bs* as its content. + [Paragraph continuation text](@) is text + that will be parsed as part of the content of a paragraph, but does + not occur at the beginning of the paragraph. + +3. **Consecutiveness.** A document cannot contain two [block + quotes] in a row unless there is a [blank line] between them. + +Nothing else counts as a [block quote](#block-quotes). + +Here is a simple example: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> # Foo +> bar +> baz +. +<blockquote> +<h1>Foo</h1> +<p>bar +baz</p> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The spaces after the `>` characters can be omitted: + +```````````````````````````````` example +># Foo +>bar +> baz +. +<blockquote> +<h1>Foo</h1> +<p>bar +baz</p> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The `>` characters can be indented 1-3 spaces: + +```````````````````````````````` example + > # Foo + > bar + > baz +. +<blockquote> +<h1>Foo</h1> +<p>bar +baz</p> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Four spaces gives us a code block: + +```````````````````````````````` example + > # Foo + > bar + > baz +. +<pre><code>> # Foo +> bar +> baz +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The Laziness clause allows us to omit the `>` before +[paragraph continuation text]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> # Foo +> bar +baz +. +<blockquote> +<h1>Foo</h1> +<p>bar +baz</p> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A block quote can contain some lazy and some non-lazy +continuation lines: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> bar +baz +> foo +. +<blockquote> +<p>bar +baz +foo</p> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Laziness only applies to lines that would have been continuations of +paragraphs had they been prepended with [block quote markers]. +For example, the `> ` cannot be omitted in the second line of + +``` markdown +> foo +> --- +``` + +without changing the meaning: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> foo +--- +. +<blockquote> +<p>foo</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Similarly, if we omit the `> ` in the second line of + +``` markdown +> - foo +> - bar +``` + +then the block quote ends after the first line: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> - foo +- bar +. +<blockquote> +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +</ul> +</blockquote> +<ul> +<li>bar</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +For the same reason, we can't omit the `> ` in front of +subsequent lines of an indented or fenced code block: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> foo + bar +. +<blockquote> +<pre><code>foo +</code></pre> +</blockquote> +<pre><code>bar +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +> ``` +foo +``` +. +<blockquote> +<pre><code></code></pre> +</blockquote> +<p>foo</p> +<pre><code></code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Note that in the following case, we have a [lazy +continuation line]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> foo + - bar +. +<blockquote> +<p>foo +- bar</p> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +To see why, note that in + +```markdown +> foo +> - bar +``` + +the `- bar` is indented too far to start a list, and can't +be an indented code block because indented code blocks cannot +interrupt paragraphs, so it is [paragraph continuation text]. + +A block quote can be empty: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> +. +<blockquote> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +> +> +> +. +<blockquote> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A block quote can have initial or final blank lines: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> +> foo +> +. +<blockquote> +<p>foo</p> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A blank line always separates block quotes: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> foo + +> bar +. +<blockquote> +<p>foo</p> +</blockquote> +<blockquote> +<p>bar</p> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +(Most current Markdown implementations, including John Gruber's +original `Markdown.pl`, will parse this example as a single block quote +with two paragraphs. But it seems better to allow the author to decide +whether two block quotes or one are wanted.) + +Consecutiveness means that if we put these block quotes together, +we get a single block quote: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> foo +> bar +. +<blockquote> +<p>foo +bar</p> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +To get a block quote with two paragraphs, use: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> foo +> +> bar +. +<blockquote> +<p>foo</p> +<p>bar</p> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Block quotes can interrupt paragraphs: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo +> bar +. +<p>foo</p> +<blockquote> +<p>bar</p> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +In general, blank lines are not needed before or after block +quotes: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> aaa +*** +> bbb +. +<blockquote> +<p>aaa</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +<blockquote> +<p>bbb</p> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +However, because of laziness, a blank line is needed between +a block quote and a following paragraph: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> bar +baz +. +<blockquote> +<p>bar +baz</p> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +> bar + +baz +. +<blockquote> +<p>bar</p> +</blockquote> +<p>baz</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +> bar +> +baz +. +<blockquote> +<p>bar</p> +</blockquote> +<p>baz</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +It is a consequence of the Laziness rule that any number +of initial `>`s may be omitted on a continuation line of a +nested block quote: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> > > foo +bar +. +<blockquote> +<blockquote> +<blockquote> +<p>foo +bar</p> +</blockquote> +</blockquote> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +>>> foo +> bar +>>baz +. +<blockquote> +<blockquote> +<blockquote> +<p>foo +bar +baz</p> +</blockquote> +</blockquote> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +When including an indented code block in a block quote, +remember that the [block quote marker] includes +both the `>` and a following space. So *five spaces* are needed after +the `>`: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> code + +> not code +. +<blockquote> +<pre><code>code +</code></pre> +</blockquote> +<blockquote> +<p>not code</p> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +## List items + +A [list marker](@) is a +[bullet list marker] or an [ordered list marker]. + +A [bullet list marker](@) +is a `-`, `+`, or `*` character. + +An [ordered list marker](@) +is a sequence of 1--9 arabic digits (`0-9`), followed by either a +`.` character or a `)` character. (The reason for the length +limit is that with 10 digits we start seeing integer overflows +in some browsers.) + +The following rules define [list items]: + +1. **Basic case.** If a sequence of lines *Ls* constitute a sequence of + blocks *Bs* starting with a [non-whitespace character], and *M* is a + list marker of width *W* followed by 1 ≤ *N* ≤ 4 spaces, then the result + of prepending *M* and the following spaces to the first line of + *Ls*, and indenting subsequent lines of *Ls* by *W + N* spaces, is a + list item with *Bs* as its contents. The type of the list item + (bullet or ordered) is determined by the type of its list marker. + If the list item is ordered, then it is also assigned a start + number, based on the ordered list marker. + + Exceptions: + + 1. When the first list item in a [list] interrupts + a paragraph---that is, when it starts on a line that would + otherwise count as [paragraph continuation text]---then (a) + the lines *Ls* must not begin with a blank line, and (b) if + the list item is ordered, the start number must be 1. + 2. If any line is a [thematic break][thematic breaks] then + that line is not a list item. + +For example, let *Ls* be the lines + +```````````````````````````````` example +A paragraph +with two lines. + + indented code + +> A block quote. +. +<p>A paragraph +with two lines.</p> +<pre><code>indented code +</code></pre> +<blockquote> +<p>A block quote.</p> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +And let *M* be the marker `1.`, and *N* = 2. Then rule #1 says +that the following is an ordered list item with start number 1, +and the same contents as *Ls*: + +```````````````````````````````` example +1. A paragraph + with two lines. + + indented code + + > A block quote. +. +<ol> +<li> +<p>A paragraph +with two lines.</p> +<pre><code>indented code +</code></pre> +<blockquote> +<p>A block quote.</p> +</blockquote> +</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The most important thing to notice is that the position of +the text after the list marker determines how much indentation +is needed in subsequent blocks in the list item. If the list +marker takes up two spaces, and there are three spaces between +the list marker and the next [non-whitespace character], then blocks +must be indented five spaces in order to fall under the list +item. + +Here are some examples showing how far content must be indented to be +put under the list item: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- one + + two +. +<ul> +<li>one</li> +</ul> +<p>two</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +- one + + two +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>one</p> +<p>two</p> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + - one + + two +. +<ul> +<li>one</li> +</ul> +<pre><code> two +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + - one + + two +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>one</p> +<p>two</p> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +It is tempting to think of this in terms of columns: the continuation +blocks must be indented at least to the column of the first +[non-whitespace character] after the list marker. However, that is not quite right. +The spaces after the list marker determine how much relative indentation +is needed. Which column this indentation reaches will depend on +how the list item is embedded in other constructions, as shown by +this example: + +```````````````````````````````` example + > > 1. one +>> +>> two +. +<blockquote> +<blockquote> +<ol> +<li> +<p>one</p> +<p>two</p> +</li> +</ol> +</blockquote> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Here `two` occurs in the same column as the list marker `1.`, +but is actually contained in the list item, because there is +sufficient indentation after the last containing blockquote marker. + +The converse is also possible. In the following example, the word `two` +occurs far to the right of the initial text of the list item, `one`, but +it is not considered part of the list item, because it is not indented +far enough past the blockquote marker: + +```````````````````````````````` example +>>- one +>> + > > two +. +<blockquote> +<blockquote> +<ul> +<li>one</li> +</ul> +<p>two</p> +</blockquote> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Note that at least one space is needed between the list marker and +any following content, so these are not list items: + +```````````````````````````````` example +-one + +2.two +. +<p>-one</p> +<p>2.two</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A list item may contain blocks that are separated by more than +one blank line. + +```````````````````````````````` example +- foo + + + bar +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<p>bar</p> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A list item may contain any kind of block: + +```````````````````````````````` example +1. foo + + ``` + bar + ``` + + baz + + > bam +. +<ol> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<pre><code>bar +</code></pre> +<p>baz</p> +<blockquote> +<p>bam</p> +</blockquote> +</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A list item that contains an indented code block will preserve +empty lines within the code block verbatim. + +```````````````````````````````` example +- Foo + + bar + + + baz +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>Foo</p> +<pre><code>bar + + +baz +</code></pre> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + +Note that ordered list start numbers must be nine digits or less: + +```````````````````````````````` example +123456789. ok +. +<ol start="123456789"> +<li>ok</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +1234567890. not ok +. +<p>1234567890. not ok</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A start number may begin with 0s: + +```````````````````````````````` example +0. ok +. +<ol start="0"> +<li>ok</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +003. ok +. +<ol start="3"> +<li>ok</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A start number may not be negative: + +```````````````````````````````` example +-1. not ok +. +<p>-1. not ok</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +2. **Item starting with indented code.** If a sequence of lines *Ls* + constitute a sequence of blocks *Bs* starting with an indented code + block, and *M* is a list marker of width *W* followed by + one space, then the result of prepending *M* and the following + space to the first line of *Ls*, and indenting subsequent lines of + *Ls* by *W + 1* spaces, is a list item with *Bs* as its contents. + If a line is empty, then it need not be indented. The type of the + list item (bullet or ordered) is determined by the type of its list + marker. If the list item is ordered, then it is also assigned a + start number, based on the ordered list marker. + +An indented code block will have to be indented four spaces beyond +the edge of the region where text will be included in the list item. +In the following case that is 6 spaces: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- foo + + bar +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<pre><code>bar +</code></pre> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +And in this case it is 11 spaces: + +```````````````````````````````` example + 10. foo + + bar +. +<ol start="10"> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<pre><code>bar +</code></pre> +</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + +If the *first* block in the list item is an indented code block, +then by rule #2, the contents must be indented *one* space after the +list marker: + +```````````````````````````````` example + indented code + +paragraph + + more code +. +<pre><code>indented code +</code></pre> +<p>paragraph</p> +<pre><code>more code +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +1. indented code + + paragraph + + more code +. +<ol> +<li> +<pre><code>indented code +</code></pre> +<p>paragraph</p> +<pre><code>more code +</code></pre> +</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Note that an additional space indent is interpreted as space +inside the code block: + +```````````````````````````````` example +1. indented code + + paragraph + + more code +. +<ol> +<li> +<pre><code> indented code +</code></pre> +<p>paragraph</p> +<pre><code>more code +</code></pre> +</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Note that rules #1 and #2 only apply to two cases: (a) cases +in which the lines to be included in a list item begin with a +[non-whitespace character], and (b) cases in which +they begin with an indented code +block. In a case like the following, where the first block begins with +a three-space indent, the rules do not allow us to form a list item by +indenting the whole thing and prepending a list marker: + +```````````````````````````````` example + foo + +bar +. +<p>foo</p> +<p>bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +- foo + + bar +. +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +</ul> +<p>bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not a significant restriction, because when a block begins +with 1-3 spaces indent, the indentation can always be removed without +a change in interpretation, allowing rule #1 to be applied. So, in +the above case: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- foo + + bar +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<p>bar</p> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +3. **Item starting with a blank line.** If a sequence of lines *Ls* + starting with a single [blank line] constitute a (possibly empty) + sequence of blocks *Bs*, not separated from each other by more than + one blank line, and *M* is a list marker of width *W*, + then the result of prepending *M* to the first line of *Ls*, and + indenting subsequent lines of *Ls* by *W + 1* spaces, is a list + item with *Bs* as its contents. + If a line is empty, then it need not be indented. The type of the + list item (bullet or ordered) is determined by the type of its list + marker. If the list item is ordered, then it is also assigned a + start number, based on the ordered list marker. + +Here are some list items that start with a blank line but are not empty: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- + foo +- + ``` + bar + ``` +- + baz +. +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +<li> +<pre><code>bar +</code></pre> +</li> +<li> +<pre><code>baz +</code></pre> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + +When the list item starts with a blank line, the number of spaces +following the list marker doesn't change the required indentation: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- + foo +. +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A list item can begin with at most one blank line. +In the following example, `foo` is not part of the list +item: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- + + foo +. +<ul> +<li></li> +</ul> +<p>foo</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Here is an empty bullet list item: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- foo +- +- bar +. +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +<li></li> +<li>bar</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +It does not matter whether there are spaces following the [list marker]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- foo +- +- bar +. +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +<li></li> +<li>bar</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Here is an empty ordered list item: + +```````````````````````````````` example +1. foo +2. +3. bar +. +<ol> +<li>foo</li> +<li></li> +<li>bar</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A list may start or end with an empty list item: + +```````````````````````````````` example +* +. +<ul> +<li></li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + +However, an empty list item cannot interrupt a paragraph: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo +* + +foo +1. +. +<p>foo +*</p> +<p>foo +1.</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +4. **Indentation.** If a sequence of lines *Ls* constitutes a list item + according to rule #1, #2, or #3, then the result of indenting each line + of *Ls* by 1-3 spaces (the same for each line) also constitutes a + list item with the same contents and attributes. If a line is + empty, then it need not be indented. + +Indented one space: + +```````````````````````````````` example + 1. A paragraph + with two lines. + + indented code + + > A block quote. +. +<ol> +<li> +<p>A paragraph +with two lines.</p> +<pre><code>indented code +</code></pre> +<blockquote> +<p>A block quote.</p> +</blockquote> +</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Indented two spaces: + +```````````````````````````````` example + 1. A paragraph + with two lines. + + indented code + + > A block quote. +. +<ol> +<li> +<p>A paragraph +with two lines.</p> +<pre><code>indented code +</code></pre> +<blockquote> +<p>A block quote.</p> +</blockquote> +</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Indented three spaces: + +```````````````````````````````` example + 1. A paragraph + with two lines. + + indented code + + > A block quote. +. +<ol> +<li> +<p>A paragraph +with two lines.</p> +<pre><code>indented code +</code></pre> +<blockquote> +<p>A block quote.</p> +</blockquote> +</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Four spaces indent gives a code block: + +```````````````````````````````` example + 1. A paragraph + with two lines. + + indented code + + > A block quote. +. +<pre><code>1. A paragraph + with two lines. + + indented code + + > A block quote. +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +5. **Laziness.** If a string of lines *Ls* constitute a [list + item](#list-items) with contents *Bs*, then the result of deleting + some or all of the indentation from one or more lines in which the + next [non-whitespace character] after the indentation is + [paragraph continuation text] is a + list item with the same contents and attributes. The unindented + lines are called + [lazy continuation line](@)s. + +Here is an example with [lazy continuation lines]: + +```````````````````````````````` example + 1. A paragraph +with two lines. + + indented code + + > A block quote. +. +<ol> +<li> +<p>A paragraph +with two lines.</p> +<pre><code>indented code +</code></pre> +<blockquote> +<p>A block quote.</p> +</blockquote> +</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Indentation can be partially deleted: + +```````````````````````````````` example + 1. A paragraph + with two lines. +. +<ol> +<li>A paragraph +with two lines.</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + +These examples show how laziness can work in nested structures: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> 1. > Blockquote +continued here. +. +<blockquote> +<ol> +<li> +<blockquote> +<p>Blockquote +continued here.</p> +</blockquote> +</li> +</ol> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +> 1. > Blockquote +> continued here. +. +<blockquote> +<ol> +<li> +<blockquote> +<p>Blockquote +continued here.</p> +</blockquote> +</li> +</ol> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +6. **That's all.** Nothing that is not counted as a list item by rules + #1--5 counts as a [list item](#list-items). + +The rules for sublists follow from the general rules +[above][List items]. A sublist must be indented the same number +of spaces a paragraph would need to be in order to be included +in the list item. + +So, in this case we need two spaces indent: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- foo + - bar + - baz + - boo +. +<ul> +<li>foo +<ul> +<li>bar +<ul> +<li>baz +<ul> +<li>boo</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +One is not enough: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- foo + - bar + - baz + - boo +. +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +<li>bar</li> +<li>baz</li> +<li>boo</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Here we need four, because the list marker is wider: + +```````````````````````````````` example +10) foo + - bar +. +<ol start="10"> +<li>foo +<ul> +<li>bar</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Three is not enough: + +```````````````````````````````` example +10) foo + - bar +. +<ol start="10"> +<li>foo</li> +</ol> +<ul> +<li>bar</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A list may be the first block in a list item: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- - foo +. +<ul> +<li> +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +1. - 2. foo +. +<ol> +<li> +<ul> +<li> +<ol start="2"> +<li>foo</li> +</ol> +</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A list item can contain a heading: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- # Foo +- Bar + --- + baz +. +<ul> +<li> +<h1>Foo</h1> +</li> +<li> +<h2>Bar</h2> +baz</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +### Motivation + +John Gruber's Markdown spec says the following about list items: + +1. "List markers typically start at the left margin, but may be indented + by up to three spaces. List markers must be followed by one or more + spaces or a tab." + +2. "To make lists look nice, you can wrap items with hanging indents.... + But if you don't want to, you don't have to." + +3. "List items may consist of multiple paragraphs. Each subsequent + paragraph in a list item must be indented by either 4 spaces or one + tab." + +4. "It looks nice if you indent every line of the subsequent paragraphs, + but here again, Markdown will allow you to be lazy." + +5. "To put a blockquote within a list item, the blockquote's `>` + delimiters need to be indented." + +6. "To put a code block within a list item, the code block needs to be + indented twice — 8 spaces or two tabs." + +These rules specify that a paragraph under a list item must be indented +four spaces (presumably, from the left margin, rather than the start of +the list marker, but this is not said), and that code under a list item +must be indented eight spaces instead of the usual four. They also say +that a block quote must be indented, but not by how much; however, the +example given has four spaces indentation. Although nothing is said +about other kinds of block-level content, it is certainly reasonable to +infer that *all* block elements under a list item, including other +lists, must be indented four spaces. This principle has been called the +*four-space rule*. + +The four-space rule is clear and principled, and if the reference +implementation `Markdown.pl` had followed it, it probably would have +become the standard. However, `Markdown.pl` allowed paragraphs and +sublists to start with only two spaces indentation, at least on the +outer level. Worse, its behavior was inconsistent: a sublist of an +outer-level list needed two spaces indentation, but a sublist of this +sublist needed three spaces. It is not surprising, then, that different +implementations of Markdown have developed very different rules for +determining what comes under a list item. (Pandoc and python-Markdown, +for example, stuck with Gruber's syntax description and the four-space +rule, while discount, redcarpet, marked, PHP Markdown, and others +followed `Markdown.pl`'s behavior more closely.) + +Unfortunately, given the divergences between implementations, there +is no way to give a spec for list items that will be guaranteed not +to break any existing documents. However, the spec given here should +correctly handle lists formatted with either the four-space rule or +the more forgiving `Markdown.pl` behavior, provided they are laid out +in a way that is natural for a human to read. + +The strategy here is to let the width and indentation of the list marker +determine the indentation necessary for blocks to fall under the list +item, rather than having a fixed and arbitrary number. The writer can +think of the body of the list item as a unit which gets indented to the +right enough to fit the list marker (and any indentation on the list +marker). (The laziness rule, #5, then allows continuation lines to be +unindented if needed.) + +This rule is superior, we claim, to any rule requiring a fixed level of +indentation from the margin. The four-space rule is clear but +unnatural. It is quite unintuitive that + +``` markdown +- foo + + bar + + - baz +``` + +should be parsed as two lists with an intervening paragraph, + +``` html +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +</ul> +<p>bar</p> +<ul> +<li>baz</li> +</ul> +``` + +as the four-space rule demands, rather than a single list, + +``` html +<ul> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<p>bar</p> +<ul> +<li>baz</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +``` + +The choice of four spaces is arbitrary. It can be learned, but it is +not likely to be guessed, and it trips up beginners regularly. + +Would it help to adopt a two-space rule? The problem is that such +a rule, together with the rule allowing 1--3 spaces indentation of the +initial list marker, allows text that is indented *less than* the +original list marker to be included in the list item. For example, +`Markdown.pl` parses + +``` markdown + - one + + two +``` + +as a single list item, with `two` a continuation paragraph: + +``` html +<ul> +<li> +<p>one</p> +<p>two</p> +</li> +</ul> +``` + +and similarly + +``` markdown +> - one +> +> two +``` + +as + +``` html +<blockquote> +<ul> +<li> +<p>one</p> +<p>two</p> +</li> +</ul> +</blockquote> +``` + +This is extremely unintuitive. + +Rather than requiring a fixed indent from the margin, we could require +a fixed indent (say, two spaces, or even one space) from the list marker (which +may itself be indented). This proposal would remove the last anomaly +discussed. Unlike the spec presented above, it would count the following +as a list item with a subparagraph, even though the paragraph `bar` +is not indented as far as the first paragraph `foo`: + +``` markdown + 10. foo + + bar +``` + +Arguably this text does read like a list item with `bar` as a subparagraph, +which may count in favor of the proposal. However, on this proposal indented +code would have to be indented six spaces after the list marker. And this +would break a lot of existing Markdown, which has the pattern: + +``` markdown +1. foo + + indented code +``` + +where the code is indented eight spaces. The spec above, by contrast, will +parse this text as expected, since the code block's indentation is measured +from the beginning of `foo`. + +The one case that needs special treatment is a list item that *starts* +with indented code. How much indentation is required in that case, since +we don't have a "first paragraph" to measure from? Rule #2 simply stipulates +that in such cases, we require one space indentation from the list marker +(and then the normal four spaces for the indented code). This will match the +four-space rule in cases where the list marker plus its initial indentation +takes four spaces (a common case), but diverge in other cases. + +## Lists + +A [list](@) is a sequence of one or more +list items [of the same type]. The list items +may be separated by any number of blank lines. + +Two list items are [of the same type](@) +if they begin with a [list marker] of the same type. +Two list markers are of the +same type if (a) they are bullet list markers using the same character +(`-`, `+`, or `*`) or (b) they are ordered list numbers with the same +delimiter (either `.` or `)`). + +A list is an [ordered list](@) +if its constituent list items begin with +[ordered list markers], and a +[bullet list](@) if its constituent list +items begin with [bullet list markers]. + +The [start number](@) +of an [ordered list] is determined by the list number of +its initial list item. The numbers of subsequent list items are +disregarded. + +A list is [loose](@) if any of its constituent +list items are separated by blank lines, or if any of its constituent +list items directly contain two block-level elements with a blank line +between them. Otherwise a list is [tight](@). +(The difference in HTML output is that paragraphs in a loose list are +wrapped in `<p>` tags, while paragraphs in a tight list are not.) + +Changing the bullet or ordered list delimiter starts a new list: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- foo +- bar ++ baz +. +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +<li>bar</li> +</ul> +<ul> +<li>baz</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +1. foo +2. bar +3) baz +. +<ol> +<li>foo</li> +<li>bar</li> +</ol> +<ol start="3"> +<li>baz</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + +In CommonMark, a list can interrupt a paragraph. That is, +no blank line is needed to separate a paragraph from a following +list: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo +- bar +- baz +. +<p>Foo</p> +<ul> +<li>bar</li> +<li>baz</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + +`Markdown.pl` does not allow this, through fear of triggering a list +via a numeral in a hard-wrapped line: + +``` markdown +The number of windows in my house is +14. The number of doors is 6. +``` + +Oddly, though, `Markdown.pl` *does* allow a blockquote to +interrupt a paragraph, even though the same considerations might +apply. + +In CommonMark, we do allow lists to interrupt paragraphs, for +two reasons. First, it is natural and not uncommon for people +to start lists without blank lines: + +``` markdown +I need to buy +- new shoes +- a coat +- a plane ticket +``` + +Second, we are attracted to a + +> [principle of uniformity](@): +> if a chunk of text has a certain +> meaning, it will continue to have the same meaning when put into a +> container block (such as a list item or blockquote). + +(Indeed, the spec for [list items] and [block quotes] presupposes +this principle.) This principle implies that if + +``` markdown + * I need to buy + - new shoes + - a coat + - a plane ticket +``` + +is a list item containing a paragraph followed by a nested sublist, +as all Markdown implementations agree it is (though the paragraph +may be rendered without `<p>` tags, since the list is "tight"), +then + +``` markdown +I need to buy +- new shoes +- a coat +- a plane ticket +``` + +by itself should be a paragraph followed by a nested sublist. + +Since it is well established Markdown practice to allow lists to +interrupt paragraphs inside list items, the [principle of +uniformity] requires us to allow this outside list items as +well. ([reStructuredText](http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html) +takes a different approach, requiring blank lines before lists +even inside other list items.) + +In order to solve of unwanted lists in paragraphs with +hard-wrapped numerals, we allow only lists starting with `1` to +interrupt paragraphs. Thus, + +```````````````````````````````` example +The number of windows in my house is +14. The number of doors is 6. +. +<p>The number of windows in my house is +14. The number of doors is 6.</p> +```````````````````````````````` + +We may still get an unintended result in cases like + +```````````````````````````````` example +The number of windows in my house is +1. The number of doors is 6. +. +<p>The number of windows in my house is</p> +<ol> +<li>The number of doors is 6.</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + +but this rule should prevent most spurious list captures. + +There can be any number of blank lines between items: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- foo + +- bar + + +- baz +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>bar</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>baz</p> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +- foo + - bar + - baz + + + bim +. +<ul> +<li>foo +<ul> +<li>bar +<ul> +<li> +<p>baz</p> +<p>bim</p> +</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +To separate consecutive lists of the same type, or to separate a +list from an indented code block that would otherwise be parsed +as a subparagraph of the final list item, you can insert a blank HTML +comment: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- foo +- bar + +<!-- --> + +- baz +- bim +. +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +<li>bar</li> +</ul> +<!-- --> +<ul> +<li>baz</li> +<li>bim</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +- foo + + notcode + +- foo + +<!-- --> + + code +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<p>notcode</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +</li> +</ul> +<!-- --> +<pre><code>code +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +List items need not be indented to the same level. The following +list items will be treated as items at the same list level, +since none is indented enough to belong to the previous list +item: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- a + - b + - c + - d + - e + - f +- g +. +<ul> +<li>a</li> +<li>b</li> +<li>c</li> +<li>d</li> +<li>e</li> +<li>f</li> +<li>g</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +1. a + + 2. b + + 3. c +. +<ol> +<li> +<p>a</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>b</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>c</p> +</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + +Note, however, that list items may not be indented more than +three spaces. Here `- e` is treated as a paragraph continuation +line, because it is indented more than three spaces: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- a + - b + - c + - d + - e +. +<ul> +<li>a</li> +<li>b</li> +<li>c</li> +<li>d +- e</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + +And here, `3. c` is treated as in indented code block, +because it is indented four spaces and preceded by a +blank line. + +```````````````````````````````` example +1. a + + 2. b + + 3. c +. +<ol> +<li> +<p>a</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>b</p> +</li> +</ol> +<pre><code>3. c +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is a loose list, because there is a blank line between +two of the list items: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- a +- b + +- c +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>a</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>b</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>c</p> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +So is this, with a empty second item: + +```````````````````````````````` example +* a +* + +* c +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>a</p> +</li> +<li></li> +<li> +<p>c</p> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +These are loose lists, even though there is no space between the items, +because one of the items directly contains two block-level elements +with a blank line between them: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- a +- b + + c +- d +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>a</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>b</p> +<p>c</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>d</p> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +- a +- b + + [ref]: /url +- d +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>a</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>b</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>d</p> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is a tight list, because the blank lines are in a code block: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- a +- ``` + b + + + ``` +- c +. +<ul> +<li>a</li> +<li> +<pre><code>b + + +</code></pre> +</li> +<li>c</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is a tight list, because the blank line is between two +paragraphs of a sublist. So the sublist is loose while +the outer list is tight: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- a + - b + + c +- d +. +<ul> +<li>a +<ul> +<li> +<p>b</p> +<p>c</p> +</li> +</ul> +</li> +<li>d</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is a tight list, because the blank line is inside the +block quote: + +```````````````````````````````` example +* a + > b + > +* c +. +<ul> +<li>a +<blockquote> +<p>b</p> +</blockquote> +</li> +<li>c</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This list is tight, because the consecutive block elements +are not separated by blank lines: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- a + > b + ``` + c + ``` +- d +. +<ul> +<li>a +<blockquote> +<p>b</p> +</blockquote> +<pre><code>c +</code></pre> +</li> +<li>d</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A single-paragraph list is tight: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- a +. +<ul> +<li>a</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +- a + - b +. +<ul> +<li>a +<ul> +<li>b</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This list is loose, because of the blank line between the +two block elements in the list item: + +```````````````````````````````` example +1. ``` + foo + ``` + + bar +. +<ol> +<li> +<pre><code>foo +</code></pre> +<p>bar</p> +</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Here the outer list is loose, the inner list tight: + +```````````````````````````````` example +* foo + * bar + + baz +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<ul> +<li>bar</li> +</ul> +<p>baz</p> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +- a + - b + - c + +- d + - e + - f +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>a</p> +<ul> +<li>b</li> +<li>c</li> +</ul> +</li> +<li> +<p>d</p> +<ul> +<li>e</li> +<li>f</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +# Inlines + +Inlines are parsed sequentially from the beginning of the character +stream to the end (left to right, in left-to-right languages). +Thus, for example, in + +```````````````````````````````` example +`hi`lo` +. +<p><code>hi</code>lo`</p> +```````````````````````````````` + +`hi` is parsed as code, leaving the backtick at the end as a literal +backtick. + + +## Backslash escapes + +Any ASCII punctuation character may be backslash-escaped: + +```````````````````````````````` example +\!\"\#\$\%\&\'\(\)\*\+\,\-\.\/\:\;\<\=\>\?\@\[\\\]\^\_\`\{\|\}\~ +. +<p>!"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_`{|}~</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Backslashes before other characters are treated as literal +backslashes: + +```````````````````````````````` example +\→\A\a\ \3\φ\« +. +<p>\→\A\a\ \3\φ\«</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Escaped characters are treated as regular characters and do +not have their usual Markdown meanings: + +```````````````````````````````` example +\*not emphasized* +\<br/> not a tag +\[not a link](/foo) +\`not code` +1\. not a list +\* not a list +\# not a heading +\[foo]: /url "not a reference" +\ö not a character entity +. +<p>*not emphasized* +<br/> not a tag +[not a link](/foo) +`not code` +1. not a list +* not a list +# not a heading +[foo]: /url "not a reference" +&ouml; not a character entity</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +If a backslash is itself escaped, the following character is not: + +```````````````````````````````` example +\\*emphasis* +. +<p>\<em>emphasis</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A backslash at the end of the line is a [hard line break]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo\ +bar +. +<p>foo<br /> +bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Backslash escapes do not work in code blocks, code spans, autolinks, or +raw HTML: + +```````````````````````````````` example +`` \[\` `` +. +<p><code>\[\`</code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + \[\] +. +<pre><code>\[\] +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +~~~ +\[\] +~~~ +. +<pre><code>\[\] +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<http://example.com?find=\*> +. +<p><a href="http://example.com?find=%5C*">http://example.com?find=\*</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<a href="/bar\/)"> +. +<a href="/bar\/)"> +```````````````````````````````` + + +But they work in all other contexts, including URLs and link titles, +link references, and [info strings] in [fenced code blocks]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo](/bar\* "ti\*tle") +. +<p><a href="/bar*" title="ti*tle">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo] + +[foo]: /bar\* "ti\*tle" +. +<p><a href="/bar*" title="ti*tle">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` foo\+bar +foo +``` +. +<pre><code class="language-foo+bar">foo +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +## Entity and numeric character references + +Valid HTML entity references and numeric character references +can be used in place of the corresponding Unicode character, +with the following exceptions: + +- Entity and character references are not recognized in code + blocks and code spans. + +- Entity and character references cannot stand in place of + special characters that define structural elements in + CommonMark. For example, although `*` can be used + in place of a literal `*` character, `*` cannot replace + `*` in emphasis delimiters, bullet list markers, or thematic + breaks. + +Conforming CommonMark parsers need not store information about +whether a particular character was represented in the source +using a Unicode character or an entity reference. + +[Entity references](@) consist of `&` + any of the valid +HTML5 entity names + `;`. The +document <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/entities.json> +is used as an authoritative source for the valid entity +references and their corresponding code points. + +```````````````````````````````` example + & © Æ Ď +¾ ℋ ⅆ +∲ ≧̸ +. +<p> & © Æ Ď +¾ ℋ ⅆ +∲ ≧̸</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +[Decimal numeric character +references](@) +consist of `&#` + a string of 1--7 arabic digits + `;`. A +numeric character reference is parsed as the corresponding +Unicode character. Invalid Unicode code points will be replaced by +the REPLACEMENT CHARACTER (`U+FFFD`). For security reasons, +the code point `U+0000` will also be replaced by `U+FFFD`. + +```````````````````````````````` example +# Ӓ Ϡ � +. +<p># Ӓ Ϡ �</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +[Hexadecimal numeric character +references](@) consist of `&#` + +either `X` or `x` + a string of 1-6 hexadecimal digits + `;`. +They too are parsed as the corresponding Unicode character (this +time specified with a hexadecimal numeral instead of decimal). + +```````````````````````````````` example +" ആ ಫ +. +<p>" ആ ಫ</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Here are some nonentities: + +```````````````````````````````` example +  &x; &#; &#x; +� +&#abcdef0; +&ThisIsNotDefined; &hi?; +. +<p>&nbsp &x; &#; &#x; +&#987654321; +&#abcdef0; +&ThisIsNotDefined; &hi?;</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Although HTML5 does accept some entity references +without a trailing semicolon (such as `©`), these are not +recognized here, because it makes the grammar too ambiguous: + +```````````````````````````````` example +© +. +<p>&copy</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Strings that are not on the list of HTML5 named entities are not +recognized as entity references either: + +```````````````````````````````` example +&MadeUpEntity; +. +<p>&MadeUpEntity;</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Entity and numeric character references are recognized in any +context besides code spans or code blocks, including +URLs, [link titles], and [fenced code block][] [info strings]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<a href="öö.html"> +. +<a href="öö.html"> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo](/föö "föö") +. +<p><a href="/f%C3%B6%C3%B6" title="föö">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo] + +[foo]: /föö "föö" +. +<p><a href="/f%C3%B6%C3%B6" title="föö">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` föö +foo +``` +. +<pre><code class="language-föö">foo +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Entity and numeric character references are treated as literal +text in code spans and code blocks: + +```````````````````````````````` example +`föö` +. +<p><code>f&ouml;&ouml;</code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + föfö +. +<pre><code>f&ouml;f&ouml; +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Entity and numeric character references cannot be used +in place of symbols indicating structure in CommonMark +documents. + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo* +*foo* +. +<p>*foo* +<em>foo</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +* foo + +* foo +. +<p>* foo</p> +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo bar +. +<p>foo + +bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +	foo +. +<p>→foo</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[a](url "tit") +. +<p>[a](url "tit")</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +## Code spans + +A [backtick string](@) +is a string of one or more backtick characters (`` ` ``) that is neither +preceded nor followed by a backtick. + +A [code span](@) begins with a backtick string and ends with +a backtick string of equal length. The contents of the code span are +the characters between the two backtick strings, normalized in the +following ways: + +- First, [line endings] are converted to [spaces]. +- If the resulting string both begins *and* ends with a [space] + character, but does not consist entirely of [space] + characters, a single [space] character is removed from the + front and back. This allows you to include code that begins + or ends with backtick characters, which must be separated by + whitespace from the opening or closing backtick strings. + +This is a simple code span: + +```````````````````````````````` example +`foo` +. +<p><code>foo</code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Here two backticks are used, because the code contains a backtick. +This example also illustrates stripping of a single leading and +trailing space: + +```````````````````````````````` example +`` foo ` bar `` +. +<p><code>foo ` bar</code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This example shows the motivation for stripping leading and trailing +spaces: + +```````````````````````````````` example +` `` ` +. +<p><code>``</code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +Note that only *one* space is stripped: + +```````````````````````````````` example +` `` ` +. +<p><code> `` </code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +The stripping only happens if the space is on both +sides of the string: + +```````````````````````````````` example +` a` +. +<p><code> a</code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +Only [spaces], and not [unicode whitespace] in general, are +stripped in this way: + +```````````````````````````````` example +` b ` +. +<p><code> b </code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +No stripping occurs if the code span contains only spaces: + +```````````````````````````````` example +` ` +` ` +. +<p><code> </code> +<code> </code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +[Line endings] are treated like spaces: + +```````````````````````````````` example +`` +foo +bar +baz +`` +. +<p><code>foo bar baz</code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +`` +foo +`` +. +<p><code>foo </code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Interior spaces are not collapsed: + +```````````````````````````````` example +`foo bar +baz` +. +<p><code>foo bar baz</code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +Note that browsers will typically collapse consecutive spaces +when rendering `<code>` elements, so it is recommended that +the following CSS be used: + + code{white-space: pre-wrap;} + + +Note that backslash escapes do not work in code spans. All backslashes +are treated literally: + +```````````````````````````````` example +`foo\`bar` +. +<p><code>foo\</code>bar`</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Backslash escapes are never needed, because one can always choose a +string of *n* backtick characters as delimiters, where the code does +not contain any strings of exactly *n* backtick characters. + +```````````````````````````````` example +``foo`bar`` +. +<p><code>foo`bar</code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +` foo `` bar ` +. +<p><code>foo `` bar</code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Code span backticks have higher precedence than any other inline +constructs except HTML tags and autolinks. Thus, for example, this is +not parsed as emphasized text, since the second `*` is part of a code +span: + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo`*` +. +<p>*foo<code>*</code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +And this is not parsed as a link: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[not a `link](/foo`) +. +<p>[not a <code>link](/foo</code>)</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Code spans, HTML tags, and autolinks have the same precedence. +Thus, this is code: + +```````````````````````````````` example +`<a href="`">` +. +<p><code><a href="</code>">`</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +But this is an HTML tag: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<a href="`">` +. +<p><a href="`">`</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +And this is code: + +```````````````````````````````` example +`<http://foo.bar.`baz>` +. +<p><code><http://foo.bar.</code>baz>`</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +But this is an autolink: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<http://foo.bar.`baz>` +. +<p><a href="http://foo.bar.%60baz">http://foo.bar.`baz</a>`</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +When a backtick string is not closed by a matching backtick string, +we just have literal backticks: + +```````````````````````````````` example +```foo`` +. +<p>```foo``</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +`foo +. +<p>`foo</p> +```````````````````````````````` + +The following case also illustrates the need for opening and +closing backtick strings to be equal in length: + +```````````````````````````````` example +`foo``bar`` +. +<p>`foo<code>bar</code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +## Emphasis and strong emphasis + +John Gruber's original [Markdown syntax +description](http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax#em) says: + +> Markdown treats asterisks (`*`) and underscores (`_`) as indicators of +> emphasis. Text wrapped with one `*` or `_` will be wrapped with an HTML +> `<em>` tag; double `*`'s or `_`'s will be wrapped with an HTML `<strong>` +> tag. + +This is enough for most users, but these rules leave much undecided, +especially when it comes to nested emphasis. The original +`Markdown.pl` test suite makes it clear that triple `***` and +`___` delimiters can be used for strong emphasis, and most +implementations have also allowed the following patterns: + +``` markdown +***strong emph*** +***strong** in emph* +***emph* in strong** +**in strong *emph*** +*in emph **strong*** +``` + +The following patterns are less widely supported, but the intent +is clear and they are useful (especially in contexts like bibliography +entries): + +``` markdown +*emph *with emph* in it* +**strong **with strong** in it** +``` + +Many implementations have also restricted intraword emphasis to +the `*` forms, to avoid unwanted emphasis in words containing +internal underscores. (It is best practice to put these in code +spans, but users often do not.) + +``` markdown +internal emphasis: foo*bar*baz +no emphasis: foo_bar_baz +``` + +The rules given below capture all of these patterns, while allowing +for efficient parsing strategies that do not backtrack. + +First, some definitions. A [delimiter run](@) is either +a sequence of one or more `*` characters that is not preceded or +followed by a non-backslash-escaped `*` character, or a sequence +of one or more `_` characters that is not preceded or followed by +a non-backslash-escaped `_` character. + +A [left-flanking delimiter run](@) is +a [delimiter run] that is (1) not followed by [Unicode whitespace], +and either (2a) not followed by a [punctuation character], or +(2b) followed by a [punctuation character] and +preceded by [Unicode whitespace] or a [punctuation character]. +For purposes of this definition, the beginning and the end of +the line count as Unicode whitespace. + +A [right-flanking delimiter run](@) is +a [delimiter run] that is (1) not preceded by [Unicode whitespace], +and either (2a) not preceded by a [punctuation character], or +(2b) preceded by a [punctuation character] and +followed by [Unicode whitespace] or a [punctuation character]. +For purposes of this definition, the beginning and the end of +the line count as Unicode whitespace. + +Here are some examples of delimiter runs. + + - left-flanking but not right-flanking: + + ``` + ***abc + _abc + **"abc" + _"abc" + ``` + + - right-flanking but not left-flanking: + + ``` + abc*** + abc_ + "abc"** + "abc"_ + ``` + + - Both left and right-flanking: + + ``` + abc***def + "abc"_"def" + ``` + + - Neither left nor right-flanking: + + ``` + abc *** def + a _ b + ``` + +(The idea of distinguishing left-flanking and right-flanking +delimiter runs based on the character before and the character +after comes from Roopesh Chander's +[vfmd](http://www.vfmd.org/vfmd-spec/specification/#procedure-for-identifying-emphasis-tags). +vfmd uses the terminology "emphasis indicator string" instead of "delimiter +run," and its rules for distinguishing left- and right-flanking runs +are a bit more complex than the ones given here.) + +The following rules define emphasis and strong emphasis: + +1. A single `*` character [can open emphasis](@) + iff (if and only if) it is part of a [left-flanking delimiter run]. + +2. A single `_` character [can open emphasis] iff + it is part of a [left-flanking delimiter run] + and either (a) not part of a [right-flanking delimiter run] + or (b) part of a [right-flanking delimiter run] + preceded by punctuation. + +3. A single `*` character [can close emphasis](@) + iff it is part of a [right-flanking delimiter run]. + +4. A single `_` character [can close emphasis] iff + it is part of a [right-flanking delimiter run] + and either (a) not part of a [left-flanking delimiter run] + or (b) part of a [left-flanking delimiter run] + followed by punctuation. + +5. A double `**` [can open strong emphasis](@) + iff it is part of a [left-flanking delimiter run]. + +6. A double `__` [can open strong emphasis] iff + it is part of a [left-flanking delimiter run] + and either (a) not part of a [right-flanking delimiter run] + or (b) part of a [right-flanking delimiter run] + preceded by punctuation. + +7. A double `**` [can close strong emphasis](@) + iff it is part of a [right-flanking delimiter run]. + +8. A double `__` [can close strong emphasis] iff + it is part of a [right-flanking delimiter run] + and either (a) not part of a [left-flanking delimiter run] + or (b) part of a [left-flanking delimiter run] + followed by punctuation. + +9. Emphasis begins with a delimiter that [can open emphasis] and ends + with a delimiter that [can close emphasis], and that uses the same + character (`_` or `*`) as the opening delimiter. The + opening and closing delimiters must belong to separate + [delimiter runs]. If one of the delimiters can both + open and close emphasis, then the sum of the lengths of the + delimiter runs containing the opening and closing delimiters + must not be a multiple of 3 unless both lengths are + multiples of 3. + +10. Strong emphasis begins with a delimiter that + [can open strong emphasis] and ends with a delimiter that + [can close strong emphasis], and that uses the same character + (`_` or `*`) as the opening delimiter. The + opening and closing delimiters must belong to separate + [delimiter runs]. If one of the delimiters can both open + and close strong emphasis, then the sum of the lengths of + the delimiter runs containing the opening and closing + delimiters must not be a multiple of 3 unless both lengths + are multiples of 3. + +11. A literal `*` character cannot occur at the beginning or end of + `*`-delimited emphasis or `**`-delimited strong emphasis, unless it + is backslash-escaped. + +12. A literal `_` character cannot occur at the beginning or end of + `_`-delimited emphasis or `__`-delimited strong emphasis, unless it + is backslash-escaped. + +Where rules 1--12 above are compatible with multiple parsings, +the following principles resolve ambiguity: + +13. The number of nestings should be minimized. Thus, for example, + an interpretation `<strong>...</strong>` is always preferred to + `<em><em>...</em></em>`. + +14. An interpretation `<em><strong>...</strong></em>` is always + preferred to `<strong><em>...</em></strong>`. + +15. When two potential emphasis or strong emphasis spans overlap, + so that the second begins before the first ends and ends after + the first ends, the first takes precedence. Thus, for example, + `*foo _bar* baz_` is parsed as `<em>foo _bar</em> baz_` rather + than `*foo <em>bar* baz</em>`. + +16. When there are two potential emphasis or strong emphasis spans + with the same closing delimiter, the shorter one (the one that + opens later) takes precedence. Thus, for example, + `**foo **bar baz**` is parsed as `**foo <strong>bar baz</strong>` + rather than `<strong>foo **bar baz</strong>`. + +17. Inline code spans, links, images, and HTML tags group more tightly + than emphasis. So, when there is a choice between an interpretation + that contains one of these elements and one that does not, the + former always wins. Thus, for example, `*[foo*](bar)` is + parsed as `*<a href="bar">foo*</a>` rather than as + `<em>[foo</em>](bar)`. + +These rules can be illustrated through a series of examples. + +Rule 1: + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo bar* +. +<p><em>foo bar</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not emphasis, because the opening `*` is followed by +whitespace, and hence not part of a [left-flanking delimiter run]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +a * foo bar* +. +<p>a * foo bar*</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not emphasis, because the opening `*` is preceded +by an alphanumeric and followed by punctuation, and hence +not part of a [left-flanking delimiter run]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +a*"foo"* +. +<p>a*"foo"*</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Unicode nonbreaking spaces count as whitespace, too: + +```````````````````````````````` example +* a * +. +<p>* a *</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Intraword emphasis with `*` is permitted: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo*bar* +. +<p>foo<em>bar</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +5*6*78 +. +<p>5<em>6</em>78</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Rule 2: + +```````````````````````````````` example +_foo bar_ +. +<p><em>foo bar</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not emphasis, because the opening `_` is followed by +whitespace: + +```````````````````````````````` example +_ foo bar_ +. +<p>_ foo bar_</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not emphasis, because the opening `_` is preceded +by an alphanumeric and followed by punctuation: + +```````````````````````````````` example +a_"foo"_ +. +<p>a_"foo"_</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Emphasis with `_` is not allowed inside words: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo_bar_ +. +<p>foo_bar_</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +5_6_78 +. +<p>5_6_78</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +пристаням_стремятся_ +. +<p>пристаням_стремятся_</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Here `_` does not generate emphasis, because the first delimiter run +is right-flanking and the second left-flanking: + +```````````````````````````````` example +aa_"bb"_cc +. +<p>aa_"bb"_cc</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is emphasis, even though the opening delimiter is +both left- and right-flanking, because it is preceded by +punctuation: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo-_(bar)_ +. +<p>foo-<em>(bar)</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Rule 3: + +This is not emphasis, because the closing delimiter does +not match the opening delimiter: + +```````````````````````````````` example +_foo* +. +<p>_foo*</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not emphasis, because the closing `*` is preceded by +whitespace: + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo bar * +. +<p>*foo bar *</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A newline also counts as whitespace: + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo bar +* +. +<p>*foo bar +*</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not emphasis, because the second `*` is +preceded by punctuation and followed by an alphanumeric +(hence it is not part of a [right-flanking delimiter run]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +*(*foo) +. +<p>*(*foo)</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The point of this restriction is more easily appreciated +with this example: + +```````````````````````````````` example +*(*foo*)* +. +<p><em>(<em>foo</em>)</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Intraword emphasis with `*` is allowed: + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo*bar +. +<p><em>foo</em>bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +Rule 4: + +This is not emphasis, because the closing `_` is preceded by +whitespace: + +```````````````````````````````` example +_foo bar _ +. +<p>_foo bar _</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not emphasis, because the second `_` is +preceded by punctuation and followed by an alphanumeric: + +```````````````````````````````` example +_(_foo) +. +<p>_(_foo)</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is emphasis within emphasis: + +```````````````````````````````` example +_(_foo_)_ +. +<p><em>(<em>foo</em>)</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Intraword emphasis is disallowed for `_`: + +```````````````````````````````` example +_foo_bar +. +<p>_foo_bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +_пристаням_стремятся +. +<p>_пристаням_стремятся</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +_foo_bar_baz_ +. +<p><em>foo_bar_baz</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is emphasis, even though the closing delimiter is +both left- and right-flanking, because it is followed by +punctuation: + +```````````````````````````````` example +_(bar)_. +. +<p><em>(bar)</em>.</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Rule 5: + +```````````````````````````````` example +**foo bar** +. +<p><strong>foo bar</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not strong emphasis, because the opening delimiter is +followed by whitespace: + +```````````````````````````````` example +** foo bar** +. +<p>** foo bar**</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not strong emphasis, because the opening `**` is preceded +by an alphanumeric and followed by punctuation, and hence +not part of a [left-flanking delimiter run]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +a**"foo"** +. +<p>a**"foo"**</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Intraword strong emphasis with `**` is permitted: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo**bar** +. +<p>foo<strong>bar</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Rule 6: + +```````````````````````````````` example +__foo bar__ +. +<p><strong>foo bar</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not strong emphasis, because the opening delimiter is +followed by whitespace: + +```````````````````````````````` example +__ foo bar__ +. +<p>__ foo bar__</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A newline counts as whitespace: +```````````````````````````````` example +__ +foo bar__ +. +<p>__ +foo bar__</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not strong emphasis, because the opening `__` is preceded +by an alphanumeric and followed by punctuation: + +```````````````````````````````` example +a__"foo"__ +. +<p>a__"foo"__</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Intraword strong emphasis is forbidden with `__`: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo__bar__ +. +<p>foo__bar__</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +5__6__78 +. +<p>5__6__78</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +пристаням__стремятся__ +. +<p>пристаням__стремятся__</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +__foo, __bar__, baz__ +. +<p><strong>foo, <strong>bar</strong>, baz</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is strong emphasis, even though the opening delimiter is +both left- and right-flanking, because it is preceded by +punctuation: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo-__(bar)__ +. +<p>foo-<strong>(bar)</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +Rule 7: + +This is not strong emphasis, because the closing delimiter is preceded +by whitespace: + +```````````````````````````````` example +**foo bar ** +. +<p>**foo bar **</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +(Nor can it be interpreted as an emphasized `*foo bar *`, because of +Rule 11.) + +This is not strong emphasis, because the second `**` is +preceded by punctuation and followed by an alphanumeric: + +```````````````````````````````` example +**(**foo) +. +<p>**(**foo)</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The point of this restriction is more easily appreciated +with these examples: + +```````````````````````````````` example +*(**foo**)* +. +<p><em>(<strong>foo</strong>)</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +**Gomphocarpus (*Gomphocarpus physocarpus*, syn. +*Asclepias physocarpa*)** +. +<p><strong>Gomphocarpus (<em>Gomphocarpus physocarpus</em>, syn. +<em>Asclepias physocarpa</em>)</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +**foo "*bar*" foo** +. +<p><strong>foo "<em>bar</em>" foo</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Intraword emphasis: + +```````````````````````````````` example +**foo**bar +. +<p><strong>foo</strong>bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Rule 8: + +This is not strong emphasis, because the closing delimiter is +preceded by whitespace: + +```````````````````````````````` example +__foo bar __ +. +<p>__foo bar __</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not strong emphasis, because the second `__` is +preceded by punctuation and followed by an alphanumeric: + +```````````````````````````````` example +__(__foo) +. +<p>__(__foo)</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The point of this restriction is more easily appreciated +with this example: + +```````````````````````````````` example +_(__foo__)_ +. +<p><em>(<strong>foo</strong>)</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Intraword strong emphasis is forbidden with `__`: + +```````````````````````````````` example +__foo__bar +. +<p>__foo__bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +__пристаням__стремятся +. +<p>__пристаням__стремятся</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +__foo__bar__baz__ +. +<p><strong>foo__bar__baz</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is strong emphasis, even though the closing delimiter is +both left- and right-flanking, because it is followed by +punctuation: + +```````````````````````````````` example +__(bar)__. +. +<p><strong>(bar)</strong>.</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Rule 9: + +Any nonempty sequence of inline elements can be the contents of an +emphasized span. + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo [bar](/url)* +. +<p><em>foo <a href="/url">bar</a></em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo +bar* +. +<p><em>foo +bar</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +In particular, emphasis and strong emphasis can be nested +inside emphasis: + +```````````````````````````````` example +_foo __bar__ baz_ +. +<p><em>foo <strong>bar</strong> baz</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +_foo _bar_ baz_ +. +<p><em>foo <em>bar</em> baz</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +__foo_ bar_ +. +<p><em><em>foo</em> bar</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo *bar** +. +<p><em>foo <em>bar</em></em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo **bar** baz* +. +<p><em>foo <strong>bar</strong> baz</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo**bar**baz* +. +<p><em>foo<strong>bar</strong>baz</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +Note that in the preceding case, the interpretation + +``` markdown +<p><em>foo</em><em>bar<em></em>baz</em></p> +``` + + +is precluded by the condition that a delimiter that +can both open and close (like the `*` after `foo`) +cannot form emphasis if the sum of the lengths of +the delimiter runs containing the opening and +closing delimiters is a multiple of 3 unless +both lengths are multiples of 3. + + +For the same reason, we don't get two consecutive +emphasis sections in this example: + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo**bar* +. +<p><em>foo**bar</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The same condition ensures that the following +cases are all strong emphasis nested inside +emphasis, even when the interior spaces are +omitted: + + +```````````````````````````````` example +***foo** bar* +. +<p><em><strong>foo</strong> bar</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo **bar*** +. +<p><em>foo <strong>bar</strong></em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo**bar*** +. +<p><em>foo<strong>bar</strong></em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +When the lengths of the interior closing and opening +delimiter runs are *both* multiples of 3, though, +they can match to create emphasis: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo***bar***baz +. +<p>foo<em><strong>bar</strong></em>baz</p> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo******bar*********baz +. +<p>foo<strong><strong><strong>bar</strong></strong></strong>***baz</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Indefinite levels of nesting are possible: + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo **bar *baz* bim** bop* +. +<p><em>foo <strong>bar <em>baz</em> bim</strong> bop</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo [*bar*](/url)* +. +<p><em>foo <a href="/url"><em>bar</em></a></em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +There can be no empty emphasis or strong emphasis: + +```````````````````````````````` example +** is not an empty emphasis +. +<p>** is not an empty emphasis</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +**** is not an empty strong emphasis +. +<p>**** is not an empty strong emphasis</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +Rule 10: + +Any nonempty sequence of inline elements can be the contents of an +strongly emphasized span. + +```````````````````````````````` example +**foo [bar](/url)** +. +<p><strong>foo <a href="/url">bar</a></strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +**foo +bar** +. +<p><strong>foo +bar</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +In particular, emphasis and strong emphasis can be nested +inside strong emphasis: + +```````````````````````````````` example +__foo _bar_ baz__ +. +<p><strong>foo <em>bar</em> baz</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +__foo __bar__ baz__ +. +<p><strong>foo <strong>bar</strong> baz</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +____foo__ bar__ +. +<p><strong><strong>foo</strong> bar</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +**foo **bar**** +. +<p><strong>foo <strong>bar</strong></strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +**foo *bar* baz** +. +<p><strong>foo <em>bar</em> baz</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +**foo*bar*baz** +. +<p><strong>foo<em>bar</em>baz</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +***foo* bar** +. +<p><strong><em>foo</em> bar</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +**foo *bar*** +. +<p><strong>foo <em>bar</em></strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Indefinite levels of nesting are possible: + +```````````````````````````````` example +**foo *bar **baz** +bim* bop** +. +<p><strong>foo <em>bar <strong>baz</strong> +bim</em> bop</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +**foo [*bar*](/url)** +. +<p><strong>foo <a href="/url"><em>bar</em></a></strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +There can be no empty emphasis or strong emphasis: + +```````````````````````````````` example +__ is not an empty emphasis +. +<p>__ is not an empty emphasis</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +____ is not an empty strong emphasis +. +<p>____ is not an empty strong emphasis</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +Rule 11: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo *** +. +<p>foo ***</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo *\** +. +<p>foo <em>*</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo *_* +. +<p>foo <em>_</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo ***** +. +<p>foo *****</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo **\*** +. +<p>foo <strong>*</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo **_** +. +<p>foo <strong>_</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Note that when delimiters do not match evenly, Rule 11 determines +that the excess literal `*` characters will appear outside of the +emphasis, rather than inside it: + +```````````````````````````````` example +**foo* +. +<p>*<em>foo</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo** +. +<p><em>foo</em>*</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +***foo** +. +<p>*<strong>foo</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +****foo* +. +<p>***<em>foo</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +**foo*** +. +<p><strong>foo</strong>*</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo**** +. +<p><em>foo</em>***</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +Rule 12: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo ___ +. +<p>foo ___</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo _\__ +. +<p>foo <em>_</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo _*_ +. +<p>foo <em>*</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo _____ +. +<p>foo _____</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo __\___ +. +<p>foo <strong>_</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo __*__ +. +<p>foo <strong>*</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +__foo_ +. +<p>_<em>foo</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Note that when delimiters do not match evenly, Rule 12 determines +that the excess literal `_` characters will appear outside of the +emphasis, rather than inside it: + +```````````````````````````````` example +_foo__ +. +<p><em>foo</em>_</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +___foo__ +. +<p>_<strong>foo</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +____foo_ +. +<p>___<em>foo</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +__foo___ +. +<p><strong>foo</strong>_</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +_foo____ +. +<p><em>foo</em>___</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Rule 13 implies that if you want emphasis nested directly inside +emphasis, you must use different delimiters: + +```````````````````````````````` example +**foo** +. +<p><strong>foo</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +*_foo_* +. +<p><em><em>foo</em></em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +__foo__ +. +<p><strong>foo</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +_*foo*_ +. +<p><em><em>foo</em></em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +However, strong emphasis within strong emphasis is possible without +switching delimiters: + +```````````````````````````````` example +****foo**** +. +<p><strong><strong>foo</strong></strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +____foo____ +. +<p><strong><strong>foo</strong></strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +Rule 13 can be applied to arbitrarily long sequences of +delimiters: + +```````````````````````````````` example +******foo****** +. +<p><strong><strong><strong>foo</strong></strong></strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Rule 14: + +```````````````````````````````` example +***foo*** +. +<p><em><strong>foo</strong></em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +_____foo_____ +. +<p><em><strong><strong>foo</strong></strong></em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Rule 15: + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo _bar* baz_ +. +<p><em>foo _bar</em> baz_</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo __bar *baz bim__ bam* +. +<p><em>foo <strong>bar *baz bim</strong> bam</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Rule 16: + +```````````````````````````````` example +**foo **bar baz** +. +<p>**foo <strong>bar baz</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo *bar baz* +. +<p>*foo <em>bar baz</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Rule 17: + +```````````````````````````````` example +*[bar*](/url) +. +<p>*<a href="/url">bar*</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +_foo [bar_](/url) +. +<p>_foo <a href="/url">bar_</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +*<img src="foo" title="*"/> +. +<p>*<img src="foo" title="*"/></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +**<a href="**"> +. +<p>**<a href="**"></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +__<a href="__"> +. +<p>__<a href="__"></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +*a `*`* +. +<p><em>a <code>*</code></em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +_a `_`_ +. +<p><em>a <code>_</code></em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +**a<http://foo.bar/?q=**> +. +<p>**a<a href="http://foo.bar/?q=**">http://foo.bar/?q=**</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +__a<http://foo.bar/?q=__> +. +<p>__a<a href="http://foo.bar/?q=__">http://foo.bar/?q=__</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +## Links + +A link contains [link text] (the visible text), a [link destination] +(the URI that is the link destination), and optionally a [link title]. +There are two basic kinds of links in Markdown. In [inline links] the +destination and title are given immediately after the link text. In +[reference links] the destination and title are defined elsewhere in +the document. + +A [link text](@) consists of a sequence of zero or more +inline elements enclosed by square brackets (`[` and `]`). The +following rules apply: + +- Links may not contain other links, at any level of nesting. If + multiple otherwise valid link definitions appear nested inside each + other, the inner-most definition is used. + +- Brackets are allowed in the [link text] only if (a) they + are backslash-escaped or (b) they appear as a matched pair of brackets, + with an open bracket `[`, a sequence of zero or more inlines, and + a close bracket `]`. + +- Backtick [code spans], [autolinks], and raw [HTML tags] bind more tightly + than the brackets in link text. Thus, for example, + `` [foo`]` `` could not be a link text, since the second `]` + is part of a code span. + +- The brackets in link text bind more tightly than markers for + [emphasis and strong emphasis]. Thus, for example, `*[foo*](url)` is a link. + +A [link destination](@) consists of either + +- a sequence of zero or more characters between an opening `<` and a + closing `>` that contains no line breaks or unescaped + `<` or `>` characters, or + +- a nonempty sequence of characters that does not start with + `<`, does not include ASCII space or control characters, and + includes parentheses only if (a) they are backslash-escaped or + (b) they are part of a balanced pair of unescaped parentheses. + (Implementations may impose limits on parentheses nesting to + avoid performance issues, but at least three levels of nesting + should be supported.) + +A [link title](@) consists of either + +- a sequence of zero or more characters between straight double-quote + characters (`"`), including a `"` character only if it is + backslash-escaped, or + +- a sequence of zero or more characters between straight single-quote + characters (`'`), including a `'` character only if it is + backslash-escaped, or + +- a sequence of zero or more characters between matching parentheses + (`(...)`), including a `(` or `)` character only if it is + backslash-escaped. + +Although [link titles] may span multiple lines, they may not contain +a [blank line]. + +An [inline link](@) consists of a [link text] followed immediately +by a left parenthesis `(`, optional [whitespace], an optional +[link destination], an optional [link title] separated from the link +destination by [whitespace], optional [whitespace], and a right +parenthesis `)`. The link's text consists of the inlines contained +in the [link text] (excluding the enclosing square brackets). +The link's URI consists of the link destination, excluding enclosing +`<...>` if present, with backslash-escapes in effect as described +above. The link's title consists of the link title, excluding its +enclosing delimiters, with backslash-escapes in effect as described +above. + +Here is a simple inline link: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](/uri "title") +. +<p><a href="/uri" title="title">link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The title may be omitted: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](/uri) +. +<p><a href="/uri">link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Both the title and the destination may be omitted: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link]() +. +<p><a href="">link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](<>) +. +<p><a href="">link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +The destination can only contain spaces if it is +enclosed in pointy brackets: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](/my uri) +. +<p>[link](/my uri)</p> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](</my uri>) +. +<p><a href="/my%20uri">link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +The destination cannot contain line breaks, +even if enclosed in pointy brackets: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](foo +bar) +. +<p>[link](foo +bar)</p> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](<foo +bar>) +. +<p>[link](<foo +bar>)</p> +```````````````````````````````` + +The destination can contain `)` if it is enclosed +in pointy brackets: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[a](<b)c>) +. +<p><a href="b)c">a</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +Pointy brackets that enclose links must be unescaped: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](<foo\>) +. +<p>[link](<foo>)</p> +```````````````````````````````` + +These are not links, because the opening pointy bracket +is not matched properly: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[a](<b)c +[a](<b)c> +[a](<b>c) +. +<p>[a](<b)c +[a](<b)c> +[a](<b>c)</p> +```````````````````````````````` + +Parentheses inside the link destination may be escaped: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](\(foo\)) +. +<p><a href="(foo)">link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +Any number of parentheses are allowed without escaping, as long as they are +balanced: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](foo(and(bar))) +. +<p><a href="foo(and(bar))">link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +However, if you have unbalanced parentheses, you need to escape or use the +`<...>` form: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](foo\(and\(bar\)) +. +<p><a href="foo(and(bar)">link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](<foo(and(bar)>) +. +<p><a href="foo(and(bar)">link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Parentheses and other symbols can also be escaped, as usual +in Markdown: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](foo\)\:) +. +<p><a href="foo):">link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A link can contain fragment identifiers and queries: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](#fragment) + +[link](http://example.com#fragment) + +[link](http://example.com?foo=3#frag) +. +<p><a href="#fragment">link</a></p> +<p><a href="http://example.com#fragment">link</a></p> +<p><a href="http://example.com?foo=3#frag">link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Note that a backslash before a non-escapable character is +just a backslash: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](foo\bar) +. +<p><a href="foo%5Cbar">link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +URL-escaping should be left alone inside the destination, as all +URL-escaped characters are also valid URL characters. Entity and +numerical character references in the destination will be parsed +into the corresponding Unicode code points, as usual. These may +be optionally URL-escaped when written as HTML, but this spec +does not enforce any particular policy for rendering URLs in +HTML or other formats. Renderers may make different decisions +about how to escape or normalize URLs in the output. + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](foo%20bä) +. +<p><a href="foo%20b%C3%A4">link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Note that, because titles can often be parsed as destinations, +if you try to omit the destination and keep the title, you'll +get unexpected results: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link]("title") +. +<p><a href="%22title%22">link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Titles may be in single quotes, double quotes, or parentheses: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](/url "title") +[link](/url 'title') +[link](/url (title)) +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title">link</a> +<a href="/url" title="title">link</a> +<a href="/url" title="title">link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Backslash escapes and entity and numeric character references +may be used in titles: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](/url "title \""") +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title """>link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Titles must be separated from the link using a [whitespace]. +Other [Unicode whitespace] like non-breaking space doesn't work. + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](/url "title") +. +<p><a href="/url%C2%A0%22title%22">link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Nested balanced quotes are not allowed without escaping: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](/url "title "and" title") +. +<p>[link](/url "title "and" title")</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +But it is easy to work around this by using a different quote type: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](/url 'title "and" title') +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title "and" title">link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +(Note: `Markdown.pl` did allow double quotes inside a double-quoted +title, and its test suite included a test demonstrating this. +But it is hard to see a good rationale for the extra complexity this +brings, since there are already many ways---backslash escaping, +entity and numeric character references, or using a different +quote type for the enclosing title---to write titles containing +double quotes. `Markdown.pl`'s handling of titles has a number +of other strange features. For example, it allows single-quoted +titles in inline links, but not reference links. And, in +reference links but not inline links, it allows a title to begin +with `"` and end with `)`. `Markdown.pl` 1.0.1 even allows +titles with no closing quotation mark, though 1.0.2b8 does not. +It seems preferable to adopt a simple, rational rule that works +the same way in inline links and link reference definitions.) + +[Whitespace] is allowed around the destination and title: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link]( /uri + "title" ) +. +<p><a href="/uri" title="title">link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +But it is not allowed between the link text and the +following parenthesis: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link] (/uri) +. +<p>[link] (/uri)</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The link text may contain balanced brackets, but not unbalanced ones, +unless they are escaped: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link [foo [bar]]](/uri) +. +<p><a href="/uri">link [foo [bar]]</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link] bar](/uri) +. +<p>[link] bar](/uri)</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link [bar](/uri) +. +<p>[link <a href="/uri">bar</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link \[bar](/uri) +. +<p><a href="/uri">link [bar</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The link text may contain inline content: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link *foo **bar** `#`*](/uri) +. +<p><a href="/uri">link <em>foo <strong>bar</strong> <code>#</code></em></a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[](/uri) +. +<p><a href="/uri"><img src="moon.jpg" alt="moon" /></a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +However, links may not contain other links, at any level of nesting. + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo [bar](/uri)](/uri) +. +<p>[foo <a href="/uri">bar</a>](/uri)</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo *[bar [baz](/uri)](/uri)*](/uri) +. +<p>[foo <em>[bar <a href="/uri">baz</a>](/uri)</em>](/uri)</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +](uri2)](uri3) +. +<p><img src="uri3" alt="[foo](uri2)" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +These cases illustrate the precedence of link text grouping over +emphasis grouping: + +```````````````````````````````` example +*[foo*](/uri) +. +<p>*<a href="/uri">foo*</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo *bar](baz*) +. +<p><a href="baz*">foo *bar</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Note that brackets that *aren't* part of links do not take +precedence: + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo [bar* baz] +. +<p><em>foo [bar</em> baz]</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +These cases illustrate the precedence of HTML tags, code spans, +and autolinks over link grouping: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo <bar attr="](baz)"> +. +<p>[foo <bar attr="](baz)"></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo`](/uri)` +. +<p>[foo<code>](/uri)</code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo<http://example.com/?search=](uri)> +. +<p>[foo<a href="http://example.com/?search=%5D(uri)">http://example.com/?search=](uri)</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +There are three kinds of [reference link](@)s: +[full](#full-reference-link), [collapsed](#collapsed-reference-link), +and [shortcut](#shortcut-reference-link). + +A [full reference link](@) +consists of a [link text] immediately followed by a [link label] +that [matches] a [link reference definition] elsewhere in the document. + +A [link label](@) begins with a left bracket (`[`) and ends +with the first right bracket (`]`) that is not backslash-escaped. +Between these brackets there must be at least one [non-whitespace character]. +Unescaped square bracket characters are not allowed inside the +opening and closing square brackets of [link labels]. A link +label can have at most 999 characters inside the square +brackets. + +One label [matches](@) +another just in case their normalized forms are equal. To normalize a +label, strip off the opening and closing brackets, +perform the *Unicode case fold*, strip leading and trailing +[whitespace] and collapse consecutive internal +[whitespace] to a single space. If there are multiple +matching reference link definitions, the one that comes first in the +document is used. (It is desirable in such cases to emit a warning.) + +The contents of the first link label are parsed as inlines, which are +used as the link's text. The link's URI and title are provided by the +matching [link reference definition]. + +Here is a simple example: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo][bar] + +[bar]: /url "title" +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The rules for the [link text] are the same as with +[inline links]. Thus: + +The link text may contain balanced brackets, but not unbalanced ones, +unless they are escaped: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link [foo [bar]]][ref] + +[ref]: /uri +. +<p><a href="/uri">link [foo [bar]]</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link \[bar][ref] + +[ref]: /uri +. +<p><a href="/uri">link [bar</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The link text may contain inline content: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link *foo **bar** `#`*][ref] + +[ref]: /uri +. +<p><a href="/uri">link <em>foo <strong>bar</strong> <code>#</code></em></a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[][ref] + +[ref]: /uri +. +<p><a href="/uri"><img src="moon.jpg" alt="moon" /></a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +However, links may not contain other links, at any level of nesting. + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo [bar](/uri)][ref] + +[ref]: /uri +. +<p>[foo <a href="/uri">bar</a>]<a href="/uri">ref</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo *bar [baz][ref]*][ref] + +[ref]: /uri +. +<p>[foo <em>bar <a href="/uri">baz</a></em>]<a href="/uri">ref</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +(In the examples above, we have two [shortcut reference links] +instead of one [full reference link].) + +The following cases illustrate the precedence of link text grouping over +emphasis grouping: + +```````````````````````````````` example +*[foo*][ref] + +[ref]: /uri +. +<p>*<a href="/uri">foo*</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo *bar][ref] + +[ref]: /uri +. +<p><a href="/uri">foo *bar</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +These cases illustrate the precedence of HTML tags, code spans, +and autolinks over link grouping: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo <bar attr="][ref]"> + +[ref]: /uri +. +<p>[foo <bar attr="][ref]"></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo`][ref]` + +[ref]: /uri +. +<p>[foo<code>][ref]</code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo<http://example.com/?search=][ref]> + +[ref]: /uri +. +<p>[foo<a href="http://example.com/?search=%5D%5Bref%5D">http://example.com/?search=][ref]</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Matching is case-insensitive: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo][BaR] + +[bar]: /url "title" +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Unicode case fold is used: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[Толпой][Толпой] is a Russian word. + +[ТОЛПОЙ]: /url +. +<p><a href="/url">Толпой</a> is a Russian word.</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Consecutive internal [whitespace] is treated as one space for +purposes of determining matching: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[Foo + bar]: /url + +[Baz][Foo bar] +. +<p><a href="/url">Baz</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +No [whitespace] is allowed between the [link text] and the +[link label]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo] [bar] + +[bar]: /url "title" +. +<p>[foo] <a href="/url" title="title">bar</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo] +[bar] + +[bar]: /url "title" +. +<p>[foo] +<a href="/url" title="title">bar</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is a departure from John Gruber's original Markdown syntax +description, which explicitly allows whitespace between the link +text and the link label. It brings reference links in line with +[inline links], which (according to both original Markdown and +this spec) cannot have whitespace after the link text. More +importantly, it prevents inadvertent capture of consecutive +[shortcut reference links]. If whitespace is allowed between the +link text and the link label, then in the following we will have +a single reference link, not two shortcut reference links, as +intended: + +``` markdown +[foo] +[bar] + +[foo]: /url1 +[bar]: /url2 +``` + +(Note that [shortcut reference links] were introduced by Gruber +himself in a beta version of `Markdown.pl`, but never included +in the official syntax description. Without shortcut reference +links, it is harmless to allow space between the link text and +link label; but once shortcut references are introduced, it is +too dangerous to allow this, as it frequently leads to +unintended results.) + +When there are multiple matching [link reference definitions], +the first is used: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo]: /url1 + +[foo]: /url2 + +[bar][foo] +. +<p><a href="/url1">bar</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Note that matching is performed on normalized strings, not parsed +inline content. So the following does not match, even though the +labels define equivalent inline content: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[bar][foo\!] + +[foo!]: /url +. +<p>[bar][foo!]</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +[Link labels] cannot contain brackets, unless they are +backslash-escaped: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo][ref[] + +[ref[]: /uri +. +<p>[foo][ref[]</p> +<p>[ref[]: /uri</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo][ref[bar]] + +[ref[bar]]: /uri +. +<p>[foo][ref[bar]]</p> +<p>[ref[bar]]: /uri</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[[[foo]]] + +[[[foo]]]: /url +. +<p>[[[foo]]]</p> +<p>[[[foo]]]: /url</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo][ref\[] + +[ref\[]: /uri +. +<p><a href="/uri">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Note that in this example `]` is not backslash-escaped: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[bar\\]: /uri + +[bar\\] +. +<p><a href="/uri">bar\</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A [link label] must contain at least one [non-whitespace character]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[] + +[]: /uri +. +<p>[]</p> +<p>[]: /uri</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[ + ] + +[ + ]: /uri +. +<p>[ +]</p> +<p>[ +]: /uri</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A [collapsed reference link](@) +consists of a [link label] that [matches] a +[link reference definition] elsewhere in the +document, followed by the string `[]`. +The contents of the first link label are parsed as inlines, +which are used as the link's text. The link's URI and title are +provided by the matching reference link definition. Thus, +`[foo][]` is equivalent to `[foo][foo]`. + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo][] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[*foo* bar][] + +[*foo* bar]: /url "title" +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title"><em>foo</em> bar</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The link labels are case-insensitive: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[Foo][] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title">Foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +As with full reference links, [whitespace] is not +allowed between the two sets of brackets: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo] +[] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title">foo</a> +[]</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A [shortcut reference link](@) +consists of a [link label] that [matches] a +[link reference definition] elsewhere in the +document and is not followed by `[]` or a link label. +The contents of the first link label are parsed as inlines, +which are used as the link's text. The link's URI and title +are provided by the matching link reference definition. +Thus, `[foo]` is equivalent to `[foo][]`. + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[*foo* bar] + +[*foo* bar]: /url "title" +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title"><em>foo</em> bar</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[[*foo* bar]] + +[*foo* bar]: /url "title" +. +<p>[<a href="/url" title="title"><em>foo</em> bar</a>]</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[[bar [foo] + +[foo]: /url +. +<p>[[bar <a href="/url">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The link labels are case-insensitive: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[Foo] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title">Foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A space after the link text should be preserved: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo] bar + +[foo]: /url +. +<p><a href="/url">foo</a> bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +If you just want bracketed text, you can backslash-escape the +opening bracket to avoid links: + +```````````````````````````````` example +\[foo] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p>[foo]</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Note that this is a link, because a link label ends with the first +following closing bracket: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo*]: /url + +*[foo*] +. +<p>*<a href="/url">foo*</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Full and compact references take precedence over shortcut +references: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo][bar] + +[foo]: /url1 +[bar]: /url2 +. +<p><a href="/url2">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo][] + +[foo]: /url1 +. +<p><a href="/url1">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +Inline links also take precedence: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo]() + +[foo]: /url1 +. +<p><a href="">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo](not a link) + +[foo]: /url1 +. +<p><a href="/url1">foo</a>(not a link)</p> +```````````````````````````````` + +In the following case `[bar][baz]` is parsed as a reference, +`[foo]` as normal text: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo][bar][baz] + +[baz]: /url +. +<p>[foo]<a href="/url">bar</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Here, though, `[foo][bar]` is parsed as a reference, since +`[bar]` is defined: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo][bar][baz] + +[baz]: /url1 +[bar]: /url2 +. +<p><a href="/url2">foo</a><a href="/url1">baz</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Here `[foo]` is not parsed as a shortcut reference, because it +is followed by a link label (even though `[bar]` is not defined): + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo][bar][baz] + +[baz]: /url1 +[foo]: /url2 +. +<p>[foo]<a href="/url1">bar</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +## Images + +Syntax for images is like the syntax for links, with one +difference. Instead of [link text], we have an +[image description](@). The rules for this are the +same as for [link text], except that (a) an +image description starts with ` +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="foo" title="title" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +![foo *bar*] + +[foo *bar*]: train.jpg "train & tracks" +. +<p><img src="train.jpg" alt="foo bar" title="train & tracks" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +](/url2) +. +<p><img src="/url2" alt="foo bar" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +](/url2) +. +<p><img src="/url2" alt="foo bar" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Though this spec is concerned with parsing, not rendering, it is +recommended that in rendering to HTML, only the plain string content +of the [image description] be used. Note that in +the above example, the alt attribute's value is `foo bar`, not `foo +[bar](/url)` or `foo <a href="/url">bar</a>`. Only the plain string +content is rendered, without formatting. + +```````````````````````````````` example +![foo *bar*][] + +[foo *bar*]: train.jpg "train & tracks" +. +<p><img src="train.jpg" alt="foo bar" title="train & tracks" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +![foo *bar*][foobar] + +[FOOBAR]: train.jpg "train & tracks" +. +<p><img src="train.jpg" alt="foo bar" title="train & tracks" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + +. +<p><img src="train.jpg" alt="foo" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +My  +. +<p>My <img src="/path/to/train.jpg" alt="foo bar" title="title" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + +. +<p><img src="url" alt="foo" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Reference-style: + +```````````````````````````````` example +![foo][bar] + +[bar]: /url +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="foo" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +![foo][bar] + +[BAR]: /url +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="foo" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Collapsed: + +```````````````````````````````` example +![foo][] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="foo" title="title" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +![*foo* bar][] + +[*foo* bar]: /url "title" +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="foo bar" title="title" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The labels are case-insensitive: + +```````````````````````````````` example +![Foo][] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="Foo" title="title" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +As with reference links, [whitespace] is not allowed +between the two sets of brackets: + +```````````````````````````````` example +![foo] +[] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="foo" title="title" /> +[]</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Shortcut: + +```````````````````````````````` example +![foo] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="foo" title="title" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +![*foo* bar] + +[*foo* bar]: /url "title" +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="foo bar" title="title" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Note that link labels cannot contain unescaped brackets: + +```````````````````````````````` example +![[foo]] + +[[foo]]: /url "title" +. +<p>![[foo]]</p> +<p>[[foo]]: /url "title"</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The link labels are case-insensitive: + +```````````````````````````````` example +![Foo] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="Foo" title="title" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +If you just want a literal `!` followed by bracketed text, you can +backslash-escape the opening `[`: + +```````````````````````````````` example +!\[foo] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p>![foo]</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +If you want a link after a literal `!`, backslash-escape the +`!`: + +```````````````````````````````` example +\![foo] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p>!<a href="/url" title="title">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +## Autolinks + +[Autolink](@)s are absolute URIs and email addresses inside +`<` and `>`. They are parsed as links, with the URL or email address +as the link label. + +A [URI autolink](@) consists of `<`, followed by an +[absolute URI] followed by `>`. It is parsed as +a link to the URI, with the URI as the link's label. + +An [absolute URI](@), +for these purposes, consists of a [scheme] followed by a colon (`:`) +followed by zero or more characters other than ASCII +[whitespace] and control characters, `<`, and `>`. If +the URI includes these characters, they must be percent-encoded +(e.g. `%20` for a space). + +For purposes of this spec, a [scheme](@) is any sequence +of 2--32 characters beginning with an ASCII letter and followed +by any combination of ASCII letters, digits, or the symbols plus +("+"), period ("."), or hyphen ("-"). + +Here are some valid autolinks: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<http://foo.bar.baz> +. +<p><a href="http://foo.bar.baz">http://foo.bar.baz</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<http://foo.bar.baz/test?q=hello&id=22&boolean> +. +<p><a href="http://foo.bar.baz/test?q=hello&id=22&boolean">http://foo.bar.baz/test?q=hello&id=22&boolean</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<irc://foo.bar:2233/baz> +. +<p><a href="irc://foo.bar:2233/baz">irc://foo.bar:2233/baz</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Uppercase is also fine: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<MAILTO:FOO@BAR.BAZ> +. +<p><a href="MAILTO:FOO@BAR.BAZ">MAILTO:FOO@BAR.BAZ</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Note that many strings that count as [absolute URIs] for +purposes of this spec are not valid URIs, because their +schemes are not registered or because of other problems +with their syntax: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<a+b+c:d> +. +<p><a href="a+b+c:d">a+b+c:d</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<made-up-scheme://foo,bar> +. +<p><a href="made-up-scheme://foo,bar">made-up-scheme://foo,bar</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<http://../> +. +<p><a href="http://../">http://../</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<localhost:5001/foo> +. +<p><a href="localhost:5001/foo">localhost:5001/foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Spaces are not allowed in autolinks: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<http://foo.bar/baz bim> +. +<p><http://foo.bar/baz bim></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Backslash-escapes do not work inside autolinks: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<http://example.com/\[\> +. +<p><a href="http://example.com/%5C%5B%5C">http://example.com/\[\</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +An [email autolink](@) +consists of `<`, followed by an [email address], +followed by `>`. The link's label is the email address, +and the URL is `mailto:` followed by the email address. + +An [email address](@), +for these purposes, is anything that matches +the [non-normative regex from the HTML5 +spec](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#e-mail-state-(type=email)): + + /^[a-zA-Z0-9.!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])? + (?:\.[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?)*$/ + +Examples of email autolinks: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<foo@bar.example.com> +. +<p><a href="mailto:foo@bar.example.com">foo@bar.example.com</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<foo+special@Bar.baz-bar0.com> +. +<p><a href="mailto:foo+special@Bar.baz-bar0.com">foo+special@Bar.baz-bar0.com</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Backslash-escapes do not work inside email autolinks: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<foo\+@bar.example.com> +. +<p><foo+@bar.example.com></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +These are not autolinks: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<> +. +<p><></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +< http://foo.bar > +. +<p>< http://foo.bar ></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<m:abc> +. +<p><m:abc></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<foo.bar.baz> +. +<p><foo.bar.baz></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +http://example.com +. +<p>http://example.com</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo@bar.example.com +. +<p>foo@bar.example.com</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +## Raw HTML + +Text between `<` and `>` that looks like an HTML tag is parsed as a +raw HTML tag and will be rendered in HTML without escaping. +Tag and attribute names are not limited to current HTML tags, +so custom tags (and even, say, DocBook tags) may be used. + +Here is the grammar for tags: + +A [tag name](@) consists of an ASCII letter +followed by zero or more ASCII letters, digits, or +hyphens (`-`). + +An [attribute](@) consists of [whitespace], +an [attribute name], and an optional +[attribute value specification]. + +An [attribute name](@) +consists of an ASCII letter, `_`, or `:`, followed by zero or more ASCII +letters, digits, `_`, `.`, `:`, or `-`. (Note: This is the XML +specification restricted to ASCII. HTML5 is laxer.) + +An [attribute value specification](@) +consists of optional [whitespace], +a `=` character, optional [whitespace], and an [attribute +value]. + +An [attribute value](@) +consists of an [unquoted attribute value], +a [single-quoted attribute value], or a [double-quoted attribute value]. + +An [unquoted attribute value](@) +is a nonempty string of characters not +including [whitespace], `"`, `'`, `=`, `<`, `>`, or `` ` ``. + +A [single-quoted attribute value](@) +consists of `'`, zero or more +characters not including `'`, and a final `'`. + +A [double-quoted attribute value](@) +consists of `"`, zero or more +characters not including `"`, and a final `"`. + +An [open tag](@) consists of a `<` character, a [tag name], +zero or more [attributes], optional [whitespace], an optional `/` +character, and a `>` character. + +A [closing tag](@) consists of the string `</`, a +[tag name], optional [whitespace], and the character `>`. + +An [HTML comment](@) consists of `<!--` + *text* + `-->`, +where *text* does not start with `>` or `->`, does not end with `-`, +and does not contain `--`. (See the +[HTML5 spec](http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/syntax.html#comments).) + +A [processing instruction](@) +consists of the string `<?`, a string +of characters not including the string `?>`, and the string +`?>`. + +A [declaration](@) consists of the +string `<!`, a name consisting of one or more uppercase ASCII letters, +[whitespace], a string of characters not including the +character `>`, and the character `>`. + +A [CDATA section](@) consists of +the string `<![CDATA[`, a string of characters not including the string +`]]>`, and the string `]]>`. + +An [HTML tag](@) consists of an [open tag], a [closing tag], +an [HTML comment], a [processing instruction], a [declaration], +or a [CDATA section]. + +Here are some simple open tags: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<a><bab><c2c> +. +<p><a><bab><c2c></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Empty elements: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<a/><b2/> +. +<p><a/><b2/></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +[Whitespace] is allowed: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<a /><b2 +data="foo" > +. +<p><a /><b2 +data="foo" ></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +With attributes: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<a foo="bar" bam = 'baz <em>"</em>' +_boolean zoop:33=zoop:33 /> +. +<p><a foo="bar" bam = 'baz <em>"</em>' +_boolean zoop:33=zoop:33 /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Custom tag names can be used: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo <responsive-image src="foo.jpg" /> +. +<p>Foo <responsive-image src="foo.jpg" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Illegal tag names, not parsed as HTML: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<33> <__> +. +<p><33> <__></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Illegal attribute names: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<a h*#ref="hi"> +. +<p><a h*#ref="hi"></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Illegal attribute values: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<a href="hi'> <a href=hi'> +. +<p><a href="hi'> <a href=hi'></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Illegal [whitespace]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +< a>< +foo><bar/ > +<foo bar=baz +bim!bop /> +. +<p>< a>< +foo><bar/ > +<foo bar=baz +bim!bop /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Missing [whitespace]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<a href='bar'title=title> +. +<p><a href='bar'title=title></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Closing tags: + +```````````````````````````````` example +</a></foo > +. +<p></a></foo ></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Illegal attributes in closing tag: + +```````````````````````````````` example +</a href="foo"> +. +<p></a href="foo"></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Comments: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo <!-- this is a +comment - with hyphen --> +. +<p>foo <!-- this is a +comment - with hyphen --></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo <!-- not a comment -- two hyphens --> +. +<p>foo <!-- not a comment -- two hyphens --></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Not comments: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo <!--> foo --> + +foo <!-- foo---> +. +<p>foo <!--> foo --></p> +<p>foo <!-- foo---></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Processing instructions: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo <?php echo $a; ?> +. +<p>foo <?php echo $a; ?></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Declarations: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo <!ELEMENT br EMPTY> +. +<p>foo <!ELEMENT br EMPTY></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +CDATA sections: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo <![CDATA[>&<]]> +. +<p>foo <![CDATA[>&<]]></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Entity and numeric character references are preserved in HTML +attributes: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo <a href="ö"> +. +<p>foo <a href="ö"></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Backslash escapes do not work in HTML attributes: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo <a href="\*"> +. +<p>foo <a href="\*"></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<a href="\""> +. +<p><a href="""></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +## Hard line breaks + +A line break (not in a code span or HTML tag) that is preceded +by two or more spaces and does not occur at the end of a block +is parsed as a [hard line break](@) (rendered +in HTML as a `<br />` tag): + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo +baz +. +<p>foo<br /> +baz</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +For a more visible alternative, a backslash before the +[line ending] may be used instead of two spaces: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo\ +baz +. +<p>foo<br /> +baz</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +More than two spaces can be used: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo +baz +. +<p>foo<br /> +baz</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Leading spaces at the beginning of the next line are ignored: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo + bar +. +<p>foo<br /> +bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo\ + bar +. +<p>foo<br /> +bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Line breaks can occur inside emphasis, links, and other constructs +that allow inline content: + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo +bar* +. +<p><em>foo<br /> +bar</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo\ +bar* +. +<p><em>foo<br /> +bar</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Line breaks do not occur inside code spans + +```````````````````````````````` example +`code +span` +. +<p><code>code span</code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +`code\ +span` +. +<p><code>code\ span</code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +or HTML tags: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<a href="foo +bar"> +. +<p><a href="foo +bar"></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<a href="foo\ +bar"> +. +<p><a href="foo\ +bar"></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Hard line breaks are for separating inline content within a block. +Neither syntax for hard line breaks works at the end of a paragraph or +other block element: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo\ +. +<p>foo\</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo +. +<p>foo</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +### foo\ +. +<h3>foo\</h3> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +### foo +. +<h3>foo</h3> +```````````````````````````````` + + +## Soft line breaks + +A regular line break (not in a code span or HTML tag) that is not +preceded by two or more spaces or a backslash is parsed as a +[softbreak](@). (A softbreak may be rendered in HTML either as a +[line ending] or as a space. The result will be the same in +browsers. In the examples here, a [line ending] will be used.) + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo +baz +. +<p>foo +baz</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Spaces at the end of the line and beginning of the next line are +removed: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo + baz +. +<p>foo +baz</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A conforming parser may render a soft line break in HTML either as a +line break or as a space. + +A renderer may also provide an option to render soft line breaks +as hard line breaks. + +## Textual content + +Any characters not given an interpretation by the above rules will +be parsed as plain textual content. + +```````````````````````````````` example +hello $.;'there +. +<p>hello $.;'there</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo χρῆν +. +<p>Foo χρῆν</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Internal spaces are preserved verbatim: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Multiple spaces +. +<p>Multiple spaces</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +<!-- END TESTS --> + +# Appendix: A parsing strategy + +In this appendix we describe some features of the parsing strategy +used in the CommonMark reference implementations. + +## Overview + +Parsing has two phases: + +1. In the first phase, lines of input are consumed and the block +structure of the document---its division into paragraphs, block quotes, +list items, and so on---is constructed. Text is assigned to these +blocks but not parsed. Link reference definitions are parsed and a +map of links is constructed. + +2. In the second phase, the raw text contents of paragraphs and headings +are parsed into sequences of Markdown inline elements (strings, +code spans, links, emphasis, and so on), using the map of link +references constructed in phase 1. + +At each point in processing, the document is represented as a tree of +**blocks**. The root of the tree is a `document` block. The `document` +may have any number of other blocks as **children**. These children +may, in turn, have other blocks as children. The last child of a block +is normally considered **open**, meaning that subsequent lines of input +can alter its contents. (Blocks that are not open are **closed**.) +Here, for example, is a possible document tree, with the open blocks +marked by arrows: + +``` tree +-> document + -> block_quote + paragraph + "Lorem ipsum dolor\nsit amet." + -> list (type=bullet tight=true bullet_char=-) + list_item + paragraph + "Qui *quodsi iracundia*" + -> list_item + -> paragraph + "aliquando id" +``` + +## Phase 1: block structure + +Each line that is processed has an effect on this tree. The line is +analyzed and, depending on its contents, the document may be altered +in one or more of the following ways: + +1. One or more open blocks may be closed. +2. One or more new blocks may be created as children of the + last open block. +3. Text may be added to the last (deepest) open block remaining + on the tree. + +Once a line has been incorporated into the tree in this way, +it can be discarded, so input can be read in a stream. + +For each line, we follow this procedure: + +1. First we iterate through the open blocks, starting with the +root document, and descending through last children down to the last +open block. Each block imposes a condition that the line must satisfy +if the block is to remain open. For example, a block quote requires a +`>` character. A paragraph requires a non-blank line. +In this phase we may match all or just some of the open +blocks. But we cannot close unmatched blocks yet, because we may have a +[lazy continuation line]. + +2. Next, after consuming the continuation markers for existing +blocks, we look for new block starts (e.g. `>` for a block quote). +If we encounter a new block start, we close any blocks unmatched +in step 1 before creating the new block as a child of the last +matched block. + +3. Finally, we look at the remainder of the line (after block +markers like `>`, list markers, and indentation have been consumed). +This is text that can be incorporated into the last open +block (a paragraph, code block, heading, or raw HTML). + +Setext headings are formed when we see a line of a paragraph +that is a [setext heading underline]. + +Reference link definitions are detected when a paragraph is closed; +the accumulated text lines are parsed to see if they begin with +one or more reference link definitions. Any remainder becomes a +normal paragraph. + +We can see how this works by considering how the tree above is +generated by four lines of Markdown: + +``` markdown +> Lorem ipsum dolor +sit amet. +> - Qui *quodsi iracundia* +> - aliquando id +``` + +At the outset, our document model is just + +``` tree +-> document +``` + +The first line of our text, + +``` markdown +> Lorem ipsum dolor +``` + +causes a `block_quote` block to be created as a child of our +open `document` block, and a `paragraph` block as a child of +the `block_quote`. Then the text is added to the last open +block, the `paragraph`: + +``` tree +-> document + -> block_quote + -> paragraph + "Lorem ipsum dolor" +``` + +The next line, + +``` markdown +sit amet. +``` + +is a "lazy continuation" of the open `paragraph`, so it gets added +to the paragraph's text: + +``` tree +-> document + -> block_quote + -> paragraph + "Lorem ipsum dolor\nsit amet." +``` + +The third line, + +``` markdown +> - Qui *quodsi iracundia* +``` + +causes the `paragraph` block to be closed, and a new `list` block +opened as a child of the `block_quote`. A `list_item` is also +added as a child of the `list`, and a `paragraph` as a child of +the `list_item`. The text is then added to the new `paragraph`: + +``` tree +-> document + -> block_quote + paragraph + "Lorem ipsum dolor\nsit amet." + -> list (type=bullet tight=true bullet_char=-) + -> list_item + -> paragraph + "Qui *quodsi iracundia*" +``` + +The fourth line, + +``` markdown +> - aliquando id +``` + +causes the `list_item` (and its child the `paragraph`) to be closed, +and a new `list_item` opened up as child of the `list`. A `paragraph` +is added as a child of the new `list_item`, to contain the text. +We thus obtain the final tree: + +``` tree +-> document + -> block_quote + paragraph + "Lorem ipsum dolor\nsit amet." + -> list (type=bullet tight=true bullet_char=-) + list_item + paragraph + "Qui *quodsi iracundia*" + -> list_item + -> paragraph + "aliquando id" +``` + +## Phase 2: inline structure + +Once all of the input has been parsed, all open blocks are closed. + +We then "walk the tree," visiting every node, and parse raw +string contents of paragraphs and headings as inlines. At this +point we have seen all the link reference definitions, so we can +resolve reference links as we go. + +``` tree +document + block_quote + paragraph + str "Lorem ipsum dolor" + softbreak + str "sit amet." + list (type=bullet tight=true bullet_char=-) + list_item + paragraph + str "Qui " + emph + str "quodsi iracundia" + list_item + paragraph + str "aliquando id" +``` + +Notice how the [line ending] in the first paragraph has +been parsed as a `softbreak`, and the asterisks in the first list item +have become an `emph`. + +### An algorithm for parsing nested emphasis and links + +By far the trickiest part of inline parsing is handling emphasis, +strong emphasis, links, and images. This is done using the following +algorithm. + +When we're parsing inlines and we hit either + +- a run of `*` or `_` characters, or +- a `[` or `. + +The [delimiter stack] is a doubly linked list. Each +element contains a pointer to a text node, plus information about + +- the type of delimiter (`[`, `![`, `*`, `_`) +- the number of delimiters, +- whether the delimiter is "active" (all are active to start), and +- whether the delimiter is a potential opener, a potential closer, + or both (which depends on what sort of characters precede + and follow the delimiters). + +When we hit a `]` character, we call the *look for link or image* +procedure (see below). + +When we hit the end of the input, we call the *process emphasis* +procedure (see below), with `stack_bottom` = NULL. + +#### *look for link or image* + +Starting at the top of the delimiter stack, we look backwards +through the stack for an opening `[` or `![` delimiter. + +- If we don't find one, we return a literal text node `]`. + +- If we do find one, but it's not *active*, we remove the inactive + delimiter from the stack, and return a literal text node `]`. + +- If we find one and it's active, then we parse ahead to see if + we have an inline link/image, reference link/image, compact reference + link/image, or shortcut reference link/image. + + + If we don't, then we remove the opening delimiter from the + delimiter stack and return a literal text node `]`. + + + If we do, then + + * We return a link or image node whose children are the inlines + after the text node pointed to by the opening delimiter. + + * We run *process emphasis* on these inlines, with the `[` opener + as `stack_bottom`. + + * We remove the opening delimiter. + + * If we have a link (and not an image), we also set all + `[` delimiters before the opening delimiter to *inactive*. (This + will prevent us from getting links within links.) + +#### *process emphasis* + +Parameter `stack_bottom` sets a lower bound to how far we +descend in the [delimiter stack]. If it is NULL, we can +go all the way to the bottom. Otherwise, we stop before +visiting `stack_bottom`. + +Let `current_position` point to the element on the [delimiter stack] +just above `stack_bottom` (or the first element if `stack_bottom` +is NULL). + +We keep track of the `openers_bottom` for each delimiter +type (`*`, `_`) and each length of the closing delimiter run +(modulo 3). Initialize this to `stack_bottom`. + +Then we repeat the following until we run out of potential +closers: + +- Move `current_position` forward in the delimiter stack (if needed) + until we find the first potential closer with delimiter `*` or `_`. + (This will be the potential closer closest + to the beginning of the input -- the first one in parse order.) + +- Now, look back in the stack (staying above `stack_bottom` and + the `openers_bottom` for this delimiter type) for the + first matching potential opener ("matching" means same delimiter). + +- If one is found: + + + Figure out whether we have emphasis or strong emphasis: + if both closer and opener spans have length >= 2, we have + strong, otherwise regular. + + + Insert an emph or strong emph node accordingly, after + the text node corresponding to the opener. + + + Remove any delimiters between the opener and closer from + the delimiter stack. + + + Remove 1 (for regular emph) or 2 (for strong emph) delimiters + from the opening and closing text nodes. If they become empty + as a result, remove them and remove the corresponding element + of the delimiter stack. If the closing node is removed, reset + `current_position` to the next element in the stack. + +- If none is found: + + + Set `openers_bottom` to the element before `current_position`. + (We know that there are no openers for this kind of closer up to and + including this point, so this puts a lower bound on future searches.) + + + If the closer at `current_position` is not a potential opener, + remove it from the delimiter stack (since we know it can't + be a closer either). + + + Advance `current_position` to the next element in the stack. + +After we're done, we remove all delimiters above `stack_bottom` from the +delimiter stack. + diff --git a/codecov.yml b/codecov.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..57b5764 --- /dev/null +++ b/codecov.yml @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +coverage: + status: + project: + default: + target: 95% + threshold: 0.2% + patch: + default: + target: 80% + threshold: 0.2% diff --git a/docs/.gitignore b/docs/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fa65608 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +*.ipynb diff --git a/docs/Makefile b/docs/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d3e262d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# Minimal makefile for Sphinx documentation +# + +# You can set these variables from the command line, and also +# from the environment for the first two. +SPHINXOPTS ?= +SPHINXBUILD ?= sphinx-build +SOURCEDIR = . +BUILDDIR = _build + +# Put it first so that "make" without argument is like "make help". +help: + @$(SPHINXBUILD) -M help "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS) $(O) + +.PHONY: help Makefile + +# Catch-all target: route all unknown targets to Sphinx using the new +# "make mode" option. $(O) is meant as a shortcut for $(SPHINXOPTS). +%: Makefile + @$(SPHINXBUILD) -M $@ "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS) $(O) + +# raise warnings to errors +html-strict: + @$(SPHINXBUILD) -b html -nW --keep-going "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)/html" $(SPHINXOPTS) $(O) + +# increase logging level to verbose +html-verbose: + @$(SPHINXBUILD) -b html -v "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)/html" $(SPHINXOPTS) $(O) diff --git a/docs/_static/custom.css b/docs/_static/custom.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9a16010 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/_static/custom.css @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +.code-cell > .highlight > pre { + border-left-color: green; + border-left-width: medium; + border-left-style: solid; +} diff --git a/docs/architecture.md b/docs/architecture.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bebcf9d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/architecture.md @@ -0,0 +1,176 @@ +(md/architecture)= + +# markdown-it design principles + +(md/data-flow)= +## Data flow + +Input data is parsed via nested chains of rules. There are 3 nested chains - +`core`, `block` & `inline`: + +``` +core + core.rule1 (normalize) + ... + core.ruleX + + block + block.rule1 (blockquote) + ... + block.ruleX + + core.ruleX1 (intermediate rule that applies on block tokens, nothing yet) + ... + core.ruleXX + + inline (applied to each block token with "inline" type) + inline.rule1 (text) + ... + inline.ruleX + + core.ruleYY (applies to all tokens) + ... (abbreviation, footnote, typographer, linkifier) + +``` + +The result of the parsing is a *list of tokens*, that will be passed to the `renderer` to generate the html content. + +These tokens can be themselves parsed again to generate more tokens (ex: a `list token` can be divided into multiple `inline tokens`). + +An `env` sandbox can be used alongside tokens to inject external variables for your parsers and renderers. + +Each chain (core / block / inline) uses an independent `state` object when parsing data, so that each parsing operation is independent and can be disabled on the fly. + + +## Token stream + +Instead of traditional AST we use more low-level data representation - *tokens*. +The difference is simple: + +- Tokens are a simple sequence (Array). +- Opening and closing tags are separate. +- There are special token objects, "inline containers", having nested tokens. + sequences with inline markup (bold, italic, text, ...). + +See [token class](https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py/tree/master/markdown_it/token.py) +for details about each token content. + +In total, a token stream is: + +- On the top level - array of paired or single "block" tokens: + - open/close for headers, lists, blockquotes, paragraphs, ... + - codes, fenced blocks, horizontal rules, html blocks, inlines containers +- Each inline token have a `.children` property with a nested token stream for inline content: + - open/close for strong, em, link, code, ... + - text, line breaks + +Why not AST? Because it's not needed for our tasks. We follow KISS principle. +If you wish - you can call a parser without a renderer and convert the token stream +to an AST. + +More details about tokens: + +- [Renderer source](https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py/tree/master/markdown_it/renderer.py) +- [Token source](https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py/tree/master/markdown_it/token.py) +- [Live demo](https://markdown-it.github.io/) - type your text and click `debug` tab. + + +## Rules + +Rules are functions, doing "magic" with parser `state` objects. A rule is associated with one or more *chains* and is unique. For instance, a `blockquote` token is associated with `blockquote`, `paragraph`, `heading` and `list` chains. + +Rules are managed by names via [Ruler](https://markdown-it.github.io/markdown-it/#Ruler) instances and can be `enabled` / `disabled` from the [MarkdownIt](https://markdown-it.github.io/markdown-it/#MarkdownIt) methods. + +You can note, that some rules have a `validation mode` - in this mode rules do not +modify the token stream, and only look ahead for the end of a token. It's one +important design principle - a token stream is "write only" on block & inline parse stages. + +Parsers are designed to keep rules independent of each other. You can safely enable/disable them, or +add new ones. There are no universal recipes for how to create new rules - design of +distributed state machines with good data isolation is a tricky business. But you +can investigate existing rules & plugins to see possible approaches. + +Also, in complex cases you can try to ask for help in tracker. Condition is very +simple - it should be clear from your ticket, that you studied docs, sources, +and tried to do something yourself. We never reject with help to real developers. + + +## Renderer + +After the token stream is generated, it's passed to a [renderer](https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py/tree/master/markdown_it/renderer.py). +It then plays all the tokens, passing each to a rule with the same name as token type. + +Renderer rules are located in `md.renderer.rules[name]` and are simple functions +with the same signature: + +```python +def function(renderer, tokens, idx, options, env): + return htmlResult +``` + +In many cases that allows easy output change even without parser intrusion. +For example, let's replace images with vimeo links to player's iframe: + +```python +import re +md = MarkdownIt("commonmark") + +vimeoRE = re.compile(r'^https?:\/\/(www\.)?vimeo.com\/(\d+)($|\/)') + +def render_vimeo(self, tokens, idx, options, env): + token = tokens[idx] + + if vimeoRE.match(token.attrs["src"]): + + ident = vimeoRE.match(token.attrs["src"])[2] + + return ('<div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9">\n' + + ' <iframe class="embed-responsive-item" src="//player.vimeo.com/video/' + + ident + '"></iframe>\n' + + '</div>\n') + return self.image(tokens, idx, options, env) + +md = MarkdownIt("commonmark") +md.add_render_rule("image", render_vimeo) +print(md.render("")) +``` + +Here is another example, how to add `target="_blank"` to all links: + +```python +from markdown_it import MarkdownIt + +def render_blank_link(self, tokens, idx, options, env): + tokens[idx].attrSet("target", "_blank") + + # pass token to default renderer. + return self.renderToken(tokens, idx, options, env) + +md = MarkdownIt("commonmark") +md.add_render_rule("link_open", render_blank_link) +print(md.render("[a]\n\n[a]: b")) +``` + +Note, if you need to add attributes, you can do things without renderer override. +For example, you can update tokens in `core` chain. That is slower, than direct +renderer override, but can be more simple. + +You also can write your own renderer to generate other formats than HTML, such as +JSON/XML... You can even use it to generate AST. + +## Summary + +This was mentioned in [Data flow](md/data-flow), but let's repeat sequence again: + +1. Blocks are parsed, and top level of token stream filled with block tokens. +2. Content on inline containers is parsed, filling `.children` properties. +3. Rendering happens. + +And somewhere between you can apply additional transformations :) . Full content +of each chain can be seen on the top of +[parser_core.py](https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py/tree/master/markdown_it/parser_core.py), +[parser_block.py](https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py/tree/master/markdown_it/parser_block.py) and +[parser_inline.py](https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py/tree/master/markdown_it/parser_inline.py) +files. + +Also you can change output directly in [renderer](https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py/tree/master/markdown_it/renderer.py) for many simple cases. diff --git a/docs/conf.py b/docs/conf.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..786eff0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/conf.py @@ -0,0 +1,150 @@ +# Configuration file for the Sphinx documentation builder. +# +# This file only contains a selection of the most common options. For a full +# list see the documentation: +# https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/configuration.html + +# -- Path setup -------------------------------------------------------------- + +# If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory, +# add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the +# documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here. +# +from glob import glob +import os + +# import sys +# sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.')) + + +# -- Project information ----------------------------------------------------- + +project = "markdown-it-py" +copyright = "2020, executable book project" +author = "executable book project" + + +# -- General configuration --------------------------------------------------- + +# Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be +# extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom +# ones. +extensions = [ + "sphinx.ext.autodoc", + "sphinx.ext.viewcode", + "sphinx.ext.intersphinx", + "myst_parser", + "sphinx_copybutton", + "sphinx_design", +] + +# List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and +# directories to ignore when looking for source files. +# This pattern also affects html_static_path and html_extra_path. +exclude_patterns = ["_build", "Thumbs.db", ".DS_Store"] + +nitpicky = True +nitpick_ignore = [ + ("py:class", "Match"), + ("py:class", "Path"), + ("py:class", "x in the interval [0, 1)."), + ("py:class", "markdown_it.helpers.parse_link_destination._Result"), + ("py:class", "markdown_it.helpers.parse_link_title._Result"), + ("py:class", "MarkdownIt"), + ("py:class", "RuleFunc"), + ("py:class", "_NodeType"), + ("py:class", "typing_extensions.Protocol"), +] + + +# -- Options for HTML output ------------------------------------------------- + +# The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages. See the documentation for +# a list of builtin themes. +# +html_title = "markdown-it-py" +html_theme = "sphinx_book_theme" +html_theme_options = { + "use_edit_page_button": True, + "repository_url": "https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py", + "repository_branch": "master", + "path_to_docs": "docs", +} +html_static_path = ["_static"] +html_css_files = ["custom.css"] + +# Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here, +# relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files, +# so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css". +# html_static_path = ["_static"] + + +intersphinx_mapping = { + "python": ("https://docs.python.org/3.7", None), + "mdit-py-plugins": ("https://mdit-py-plugins.readthedocs.io/en/latest/", None), +} + + +def run_apidoc(app): + """generate apidoc + + See: https://github.com/rtfd/readthedocs.org/issues/1139 + """ + import os + import shutil + + import sphinx + from sphinx.ext import apidoc + + logger = sphinx.util.logging.getLogger(__name__) + logger.info("running apidoc") + # get correct paths + this_folder = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))) + api_folder = os.path.join(this_folder, "api") + module_path = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(this_folder, "../")) + ignore_paths = ["../profiler.py", "../conftest.py", "../tests", "../benchmarking"] + ignore_paths = [ + os.path.normpath(os.path.join(this_folder, p)) for p in ignore_paths + ] + # functions from these modules are all imported in the __init__.py with __all__ + for rule in ("block", "core", "inline"): + for path in glob( + os.path.normpath( + os.path.join(this_folder, f"../markdown_it/rules_{rule}/*.py") + ) + ): + if os.path.basename(path) not in ("__init__.py", f"state_{rule}.py"): + ignore_paths.append(path) + + if os.path.exists(api_folder): + shutil.rmtree(api_folder) + os.mkdir(api_folder) + + argv = ["-M", "--separate", "-o", api_folder, module_path] + ignore_paths + + apidoc.OPTIONS.append("ignore-module-all") + apidoc.main(argv) + + # we don't use this + if os.path.exists(os.path.join(api_folder, "modules.rst")): + os.remove(os.path.join(api_folder, "modules.rst")) + + +def setup(app): + """Add functions to the Sphinx setup.""" + if os.environ.get("SKIP_APIDOC", None) is None: + app.connect("builder-inited", run_apidoc) + + from sphinx.directives.code import CodeBlock + + class CodeCell(CodeBlock): + """Custom code block directive.""" + + def run(self): + """Run the directive.""" + self.options["class"] = ["code-cell"] + return super().run() + + # note, these could be run by myst-nb, + # but currently this causes a circular dependency issue + app.add_directive("code-cell", CodeCell) diff --git a/docs/contributing.md b/docs/contributing.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6c43e0e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/contributing.md @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ +# Contribute to markdown-it-py + +We welcome all contributions! ✨ + +See the [EBP Contributing Guide](https://executablebooks.org/en/latest/contributing.html) for general details, and below for guidance specific to markdown-it-py. + +Before continuing, make sure you've read: + +1. [Architecture description](md/architecture) +2. [Security considerations](md/security) +3. [API documentation](api/markdown_it) + +## Development guidance + +Details of the port can be found in the `markdown_it/port.yaml` and in `port.yaml` files, within the extension folders. + +## Code Style + +Code style is tested using [flake8](http://flake8.pycqa.org), with the configuration set in `.flake8`, and code formatted with [black](https://github.com/ambv/black). + +Installing with `markdown-it-py[code_style]` makes the [pre-commit](https://pre-commit.com/) package available, which will ensure this style is met before commits are submitted, by reformatting the code and testing for lint errors. +It can be setup by: + +```shell +>> cd markdown-it-py +>> pre-commit install +``` + +Editors like VS Code also have automatic code reformat utilities, which can adhere to this standard. + +All functions and class methods should be annotated with types and include a docstring. + +## Testing + +For code tests, markdown-it-py uses [pytest](https://docs.pytest.org)): + +```shell +>> cd markdown-it-py +>> pytest +``` + +You can also use [tox](https://tox.readthedocs.io), to run the tests in multiple isolated environments (see the `tox.ini` file for available test environments): + +```shell +>> cd markdown-it-py +>> tox -p +``` + +This can also be used to run benchmarking tests using [pytest-benchmark](https://pytest-benchmark.readthedocs.io): + +```shell +>> cd markdown-it-py +tox -e py38-bench-packages -- --benchmark-min-rounds 50 +``` + +For documentation build tests: + +```shell +>> cd markdown-it-py/docs +>> make clean +>> make html-strict +``` + +## Contributing a plugin + +1. Does it already exist as JavaScript implementation ([see npm](https://www.npmjs.com/search?q=keywords:markdown-it-plugin))? + Where possible try to port directly from that. + It is usually better to modify existing code, instead of writing all from scratch. +2. Try to find the right place for your plugin rule: + - Will it conflict with existing markup (by priority)? + - If yes - you need to write an inline or block rule. + - If no - you can morph tokens within core chains. + - Remember that token morphing in core chains is always more simple than writing + block or inline rules, if you don't copy existing ones. However, + block and inline rules are usually faster. + - Sometimes, it's enough to only modify the renderer, for example, to add + header IDs or `target="_blank"` for the links. + +## FAQ + +### I need async rule, how to do it? + +Sorry. You can't do it directly. All complex parsers are sync by nature. But you +can use workarounds: + +1. On parse phase, replace content by random number and store it in `env`. +2. Do async processing over collected data. +3. Render content and replace those random numbers with text; or replace first, then render. + +Alternatively, you can render HTML, then parse it to DOM, or +[cheerio](https://github.com/cheeriojs/cheerio) AST, and apply transformations +in a more convenient way. + +### How to replace part of text token with link? + +The right sequence is to split text to several tokens and add link tokens in between. +The result will be: `text` + `link_open` + `text` + `link_close` + `text`. + +See implementations of [linkify](https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/blob/master/lib/rules_core/linkify.js) and [emoji](https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it-emoji/blob/master/lib/replace.js) - those do text token splits. + +__Note:__ Don't try to replace text with HTML markup! That's not secure. + +### Why is my inline rule not executed? + +The inline parser skips pieces of texts to optimize speed. It stops only on [a small set of chars](https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/blob/master/lib/rules_inline/text.js), which can be tokens. We did not made this list extensible for performance reasons too. + +If you are absolutely sure that something important is missing there - create a +ticket and we will consider adding it as a new charcode. diff --git a/docs/index.md b/docs/index.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..64fd344 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +# markdown-it-py + +> Markdown parser done right. + +- {fa}`check,text-success mr-1` Follows the __[CommonMark spec](http://spec.commonmark.org/)__ for baseline parsing +- {fa}`check,text-success mr-1` Configurable syntax: you can add new rules and even replace existing ones. +- {fa}`check,text-success mr-1` Pluggable: Adds syntax extensions to extend the parser (see the [plugin list](md/plugins)) +- {fa}`check,text-success mr-1` High speed (see our [benchmarking tests](md/performance)) +- {fa}`check,text-success mr-1` [Safe by default](md/security) + +For a good introduction to [markdown-it] see the __[Live demo](https://markdown-it.github.io)__. +This is a Python port of the well used [markdown-it], and some of its associated plugins. +The driving design philosophy of the port has been to change as little of the fundamental code structure (file names, function name, etc) as possible, just sprinkling in a little Python syntactical sugar ✨. +It is very simple to write complimentary extensions for both language implementations! + +## References & Thanks + +Big thanks to the authors of [markdown-it] + +- Alex Kocharin [github/rlidwka](https://github.com/rlidwka) +- Vitaly Puzrin [github/puzrin](https://github.com/puzrin) + +Also [John MacFarlane](https://github.com/jgm) for his work on the CommonMark spec and reference implementations. + +## Related Links + +- <https://github.com/jgm/CommonMark> - reference CommonMark implementations in C & JS, also contains latest spec & online demo. +- <http://talk.commonmark.org> - CommonMark forum, good place to collaborate developers' efforts. + +```{toctree} +:maxdepth: 2 + +using +architecture +other +plugins +contributing +api/markdown_it +``` + +[markdown-it]: https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it diff --git a/docs/other.md b/docs/other.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4d77360 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/other.md @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +(md/security)= + +# Security + +Many people don't understand that markdown format does not care much about security. +In many cases you have to pass output to sanitizers. +`markdown-it` provides 2 possible strategies to produce safe output: + +1. Don't enable HTML. Extend markup features with [plugins](md/plugins). + We think it's the best choice and use it by default. + - That's ok for 99% of user needs. + - Output will be safe without sanitizer. +2. Enable HTML and use external sanitizer package(s). + +Also by default `markdown-it` prohibits some kind of links, which could be used +for XSS: + +- `javascript:`, `vbscript:` +- `file:` +- `data:`, except some images (gif/png/jpeg/webp). + +So, by default `markdown-it` should be safe. We care about it. + +If you find a security problem - contact us via tracker or email. +Such reports are fixed with top priority. + +## Plugins + +Usually, plugins operate with tokenized content, and that's enough to provide safe output. + +But there is one non-evident case you should know - don't allow plugins to generate arbitrary element `id` and `name`. +If those depend on user input - always add prefixes to avoid DOM clobbering. +See [discussion](https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/issues/28) for details. + +So, if you decide to use plugins that add extended class syntax or autogenerating header anchors - be careful. + +(md/performance)= + +# Performance + +You can view our continuous integration benchmarking analysis at: <https://executablebooks.github.io/markdown-it-py/dev/bench/>, +or you can run it for yourself within the repository: + +```console +$ tox -e py38-bench-packages -- --benchmark-columns mean,stddev + +Name (time in ms) Mean StdDev +--------------------------------------------------------------- +test_mistune 70.3272 (1.0) 0.7978 (1.0) +test_mistletoe 116.0919 (1.65) 6.2870 (7.88) +test_markdown_it_py 152.9022 (2.17) 4.2988 (5.39) +test_commonmark_py 326.9506 (4.65) 15.8084 (19.81) +test_pymarkdown 368.2712 (5.24) 7.5906 (9.51) +test_pymarkdown_extra 640.4913 (9.11) 15.1769 (19.02) +test_panflute 678.3547 (9.65) 9.4622 (11.86) +--------------------------------------------------------------- +``` + +As you can see, `markdown-it-py` doesn't pay with speed for it's flexibility. + +```{note} +`mistune` is not CommonMark compliant, which is what allows for its +faster parsing, at the expense of issues, for example, with nested inline parsing. +See [mistletoes's explanation](https://github.com/miyuchina/mistletoe/blob/master/performance.md) +for further details. +``` diff --git a/docs/plugins.md b/docs/plugins.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..51a2fa6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/plugins.md @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +(md/plugins)= + +# Plugin extensions + +The following plugins are embedded within the core package: + +- [tables](https://help.github.com/articles/organizing-information-with-tables/) (GFM) +- [strikethrough](https://help.github.com/articles/basic-writing-and-formatting-syntax/#styling-text) (GFM) + +These can be enabled individually: + +```python +from markdown_it import MarkdownIt +md = MarkdownIt("commonmark").enable('table') +``` + +or as part of a configuration: + +```python +from markdown_it import MarkdownIt +md = MarkdownIt("gfm-like") +``` + +```{seealso} +See [](using.md) +``` + +Many other plugins are then available *via* the `mdit-py-plugins` package, including: + +- Front-matter +- Footnotes +- Definition lists +- Task lists +- Heading anchors +- LaTeX math +- Containers +- Word count + +For full information see: <https://mdit-py-plugins.readthedocs.io> + +Or you can write them yourself! + +They can be chained and loaded *via*: + +```python +from markdown_it import MarkdownIt +from mdit_py_plugins import plugin1, plugin2 +md = MarkdownIt().use(plugin1, keyword=value).use(plugin2, keyword=value) +html_string = md.render("some *Markdown*") +``` diff --git a/docs/using.md b/docs/using.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8387203 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/using.md @@ -0,0 +1,399 @@ +--- +jupytext: + formats: ipynb,md:myst + text_representation: + extension: .md + format_name: myst + format_version: '0.8' + jupytext_version: 1.4.2 +kernelspec: + display_name: Python 3 + language: python + name: python3 +--- + +# Using `markdown_it` + +> This document can be opened to execute with [Jupytext](https://jupytext.readthedocs.io)! + +markdown-it-py may be used as an API *via* the [`markdown-it-py`](https://pypi.org/project/markdown-it-py/) package. + +The raw text is first parsed to syntax 'tokens', +then these are converted to other formats using 'renderers'. + ++++ + +## Quick-Start + +The simplest way to understand how text will be parsed is using: + +```{code-cell} python +from pprint import pprint +from markdown_it import MarkdownIt +``` + +```{code-cell} python +md = MarkdownIt() +md.render("some *text*") +``` + +```{code-cell} python +for token in md.parse("some *text*"): + print(token) + print() +``` + +## The Parser + ++++ + +The `MarkdownIt` class is instantiated with parsing configuration options, +dictating the syntax rules and additional options for the parser and renderer. +You can define this configuration *via* directly supplying a dictionary or a preset name: + +- `zero`: This configures the minimum components to parse text (i.e. just paragraphs and text) +- `commonmark` (default): This configures the parser to strictly comply with the [CommonMark specification](http://spec.commonmark.org/). +- `js-default`: This is the default in the JavaScript version. + Compared to `commonmark`, it disables HTML parsing and enables the table and strikethrough components. +- `gfm-like`: This configures the parser to approximately comply with the [GitHub Flavored Markdown specification](https://github.github.com/gfm/). + Compared to `commonmark`, it enables the table, strikethrough and linkify components. + **Important**, to use this configuration you must have `linkify-it-py` installed. + +```{code-cell} python +from markdown_it.presets import zero +zero.make() +``` + +```{code-cell} python +md = MarkdownIt("zero") +md.options +``` + +You can also override specific options: + +```{code-cell} python +md = MarkdownIt("zero", {"maxNesting": 99}) +md.options +``` + +```{code-cell} python +pprint(md.get_active_rules()) +``` + +You can find all the parsing rules in the source code: +`parser_core.py`, `parser_block.py`, +`parser_inline.py`. + +```{code-cell} python +pprint(md.get_all_rules()) +``` + +Any of the parsing rules can be enabled/disabled, and these methods are "chainable": + +```{code-cell} python +md.render("- __*emphasise this*__") +``` + +```{code-cell} python +md.enable(["list", "emphasis"]).render("- __*emphasise this*__") +``` + +You can temporarily modify rules with the `reset_rules` context manager. + +```{code-cell} python +with md.reset_rules(): + md.disable("emphasis") + print(md.render("__*emphasise this*__")) +md.render("__*emphasise this*__") +``` + +Additionally `renderInline` runs the parser with all block syntax rules disabled. + +```{code-cell} python +md.renderInline("__*emphasise this*__") +``` + +### Typographic components + +The `smartquotes` and `replacements` components are intended to improve typography: + +`smartquotes` will convert basic quote marks to their opening and closing variants: + +- 'single quotes' -> ‘single quotes’ +- "double quotes" -> “double quotes” + +`replacements` will replace particular text constructs: + +- ``(c)``, ``(C)`` → © +- ``(tm)``, ``(TM)`` → ™ +- ``(r)``, ``(R)`` → ® +- ``(p)``, ``(P)`` → § +- ``+-`` → ± +- ``...`` → … +- ``?....`` → ?.. +- ``!....`` → !.. +- ``????????`` → ??? +- ``!!!!!`` → !!! +- ``,,,`` → , +- ``--`` → &ndash +- ``---`` → &mdash + +Both of these components require typography to be turned on, as well as the components enabled: + +```{code-cell} python +md = MarkdownIt("commonmark", {"typographer": True}) +md.enable(["replacements", "smartquotes"]) +md.render("'single quotes' (c)") +``` + +### Linkify + +The `linkify` component requires that [linkify-it-py](https://github.com/tsutsu3/linkify-it-py) be installed (e.g. *via* `pip install markdown-it-py[linkify]`). +This allows URI autolinks to be identified, without the need for enclosing in `<>` brackets: + +```{code-cell} python +md = MarkdownIt("commonmark", {"linkify": True}) +md.enable(["linkify"]) +md.render("github.com") +``` + +### Plugins load + +Plugins load collections of additional syntax rules and render methods into the parser. +A number of useful plugins are available in [`mdit_py_plugins`](https://github.com/executablebooks/mdit-py-plugins) (see [the plugin list](./plugins.md)), +or you can create your own (following the [markdown-it design principles](./architecture.md)). + +```{code-cell} python +from markdown_it import MarkdownIt +import mdit_py_plugins +from mdit_py_plugins.front_matter import front_matter_plugin +from mdit_py_plugins.footnote import footnote_plugin + +md = ( + MarkdownIt() + .use(front_matter_plugin) + .use(footnote_plugin) + .enable('table') +) +text = (""" +--- +a: 1 +--- + +a | b +- | - +1 | 2 + +A footnote [^1] + +[^1]: some details +""") +md.render(text) +``` + +## The Token Stream + ++++ + +Before rendering, the text is parsed to a flat token stream of block level syntax elements, with nesting defined by opening (1) and closing (-1) attributes: + +```{code-cell} python +md = MarkdownIt("commonmark") +tokens = md.parse(""" +Here's some *text* + +1. a list + +> a *quote*""") +[(t.type, t.nesting) for t in tokens] +``` + +Naturally all openings should eventually be closed, +such that: + +```{code-cell} python +sum([t.nesting for t in tokens]) == 0 +``` + +All tokens are the same class, which can also be created outside the parser: + +```{code-cell} python +tokens[0] +``` + +```{code-cell} python +from markdown_it.token import Token +token = Token("paragraph_open", "p", 1, block=True, map=[1, 2]) +token == tokens[0] +``` + +The `'inline'` type token contain the inline tokens as children: + +```{code-cell} python +tokens[1] +``` + +You can serialize a token (and its children) to a JSONable dictionary using: + +```{code-cell} python +print(tokens[1].as_dict()) +``` + +This dictionary can also be deserialized: + +```{code-cell} python +Token.from_dict(tokens[1].as_dict()) +``` + +### Creating a syntax tree + +```{versionchanged} 0.7.0 +`nest_tokens` and `NestedTokens` are deprecated and replaced by `SyntaxTreeNode`. +``` + +In some use cases it may be useful to convert the token stream into a syntax tree, +with opening/closing tokens collapsed into a single token that contains children. + +```{code-cell} python +from markdown_it.tree import SyntaxTreeNode + +md = MarkdownIt("commonmark") +tokens = md.parse(""" +# Header + +Here's some text and an image  + +1. a **list** + +> a *quote* +""") + +node = SyntaxTreeNode(tokens) +print(node.pretty(indent=2, show_text=True)) +``` + +You can then use methods to traverse the tree + +```{code-cell} python +node.children +``` + +```{code-cell} python +print(node[0]) +node[0].next_sibling +``` + +## Renderers + ++++ + +After the token stream is generated, it's passed to a [renderer](https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py/tree/master/markdown_it/renderer.py). +It then plays all the tokens, passing each to a rule with the same name as token type. + +Renderer rules are located in `md.renderer.rules` and are simple functions +with the same signature: + +```python +def function(renderer, tokens, idx, options, env): + return htmlResult +``` + ++++ + +You can inject render methods into the instantiated render class. + +```{code-cell} python +md = MarkdownIt("commonmark") + +def render_em_open(self, tokens, idx, options, env): + return '<em class="myclass">' + +md.add_render_rule("em_open", render_em_open) +md.render("*a*") +``` + +This is a slight change to the JS version, where the renderer argument is at the end. +Also `add_render_rule` method is specific to Python, rather than adding directly to the `md.renderer.rules`, this ensures the method is bound to the renderer. + ++++ + +You can also subclass a render and add the method there: + +```{code-cell} python +from markdown_it.renderer import RendererHTML + +class MyRenderer(RendererHTML): + def em_open(self, tokens, idx, options, env): + return '<em class="myclass">' + +md = MarkdownIt("commonmark", renderer_cls=MyRenderer) +md.render("*a*") +``` + +Plugins can support multiple render types, using the `__ouput__` attribute (this is currently a Python only feature). + +```{code-cell} python +from markdown_it.renderer import RendererHTML + +class MyRenderer1(RendererHTML): + __output__ = "html1" + +class MyRenderer2(RendererHTML): + __output__ = "html2" + +def plugin(md): + def render_em_open1(self, tokens, idx, options, env): + return '<em class="myclass1">' + def render_em_open2(self, tokens, idx, options, env): + return '<em class="myclass2">' + md.add_render_rule("em_open", render_em_open1, fmt="html1") + md.add_render_rule("em_open", render_em_open2, fmt="html2") + +md = MarkdownIt("commonmark", renderer_cls=MyRenderer1).use(plugin) +print(md.render("*a*")) + +md = MarkdownIt("commonmark", renderer_cls=MyRenderer2).use(plugin) +print(md.render("*a*")) +``` + +Here's a more concrete example; let's replace images with vimeo links to player's iframe: + +```{code-cell} python +import re +from markdown_it import MarkdownIt + +vimeoRE = re.compile(r'^https?:\/\/(www\.)?vimeo.com\/(\d+)($|\/)') + +def render_vimeo(self, tokens, idx, options, env): + token = tokens[idx] + + if vimeoRE.match(token.attrs["src"]): + + ident = vimeoRE.match(token.attrs["src"])[2] + + return ('<div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9">\n' + + ' <iframe class="embed-responsive-item" src="//player.vimeo.com/video/' + + ident + '"></iframe>\n' + + '</div>\n') + return self.image(tokens, idx, options, env) + +md = MarkdownIt("commonmark") +md.add_render_rule("image", render_vimeo) +print(md.render("")) +``` + +Here is another example, how to add `target="_blank"` to all links: + +```{code-cell} python +from markdown_it import MarkdownIt + +def render_blank_link(self, tokens, idx, options, env): + tokens[idx].attrSet("target", "_blank") + + # pass token to default renderer. + return self.renderToken(tokens, idx, options, env) + +md = MarkdownIt("commonmark") +md.add_render_rule("link_open", render_blank_link) +print(md.render("[a]\n\n[a]: b")) +``` diff --git a/markdown_it/__init__.py b/markdown_it/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5cc232a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/__init__.py @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +"""A Python port of Markdown-It""" +__all__ = ("MarkdownIt",) +__version__ = "2.1.0" + +from .main import MarkdownIt diff --git a/markdown_it/_compat.py b/markdown_it/_compat.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..12df1aa --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/_compat.py @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +from __future__ import annotations + +from collections.abc import Mapping +import sys +from typing import Any + +if sys.version_info >= (3, 10): + DATACLASS_KWARGS: Mapping[str, Any] = {"slots": True} +else: + DATACLASS_KWARGS: Mapping[str, Any] = {} diff --git a/markdown_it/_punycode.py b/markdown_it/_punycode.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9ad2442 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/_punycode.py @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +# Copyright 2014 Mathias Bynens <https://mathiasbynens.be/> +# Copyright 2021 Taneli Hukkinen +# +# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining +# a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the +# "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including +# without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, +# distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to +# permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to +# the following conditions: +# +# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be +# included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. +# +# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, +# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF +# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND +# NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE +# LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION +# OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION +# WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. + +import codecs +import re + +REGEX_SEPARATORS = re.compile(r"[\x2E\u3002\uFF0E\uFF61]") +REGEX_NON_ASCII = re.compile(r"[^\0-\x7E]") + + +def encode(uni: str) -> str: + return codecs.encode(uni, encoding="punycode").decode() + + +def decode(ascii: str) -> str: + return codecs.decode(ascii, encoding="punycode") # type: ignore[call-overload] + + +def map_domain(string, fn): + parts = string.split("@") + result = "" + if len(parts) > 1: + # In email addresses, only the domain name should be punycoded. Leave + # the local part (i.e. everything up to `@`) intact. + result = parts[0] + "@" + string = parts[1] + labels = REGEX_SEPARATORS.split(string) + encoded = ".".join(fn(label) for label in labels) + return result + encoded + + +def to_unicode(obj: str) -> str: + def mapping(obj: str) -> str: + if obj.startswith("xn--"): + return decode(obj[4:].lower()) + return obj + + return map_domain(obj, mapping) + + +def to_ascii(obj: str) -> str: + def mapping(obj: str) -> str: + if REGEX_NON_ASCII.search(obj): + return "xn--" + encode(obj) + return obj + + return map_domain(obj, mapping) diff --git a/markdown_it/cli/__init__.py b/markdown_it/cli/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/cli/__init__.py diff --git a/markdown_it/cli/parse.py b/markdown_it/cli/parse.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2d74f55 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/cli/parse.py @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python +""" +CLI interface to markdown-it-py + +Parse one or more markdown files, convert each to HTML, and print to stdout. +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +import argparse +from collections.abc import Iterable, Sequence +import sys + +from markdown_it import __version__ +from markdown_it.main import MarkdownIt + +version_str = "markdown-it-py [version {}]".format(__version__) + + +def main(args: Sequence[str] | None = None) -> int: + namespace = parse_args(args) + if namespace.filenames: + convert(namespace.filenames) + else: + interactive() + return 0 + + +def convert(filenames: Iterable[str]) -> None: + for filename in filenames: + convert_file(filename) + + +def convert_file(filename: str) -> None: + """ + Parse a Markdown file and dump the output to stdout. + """ + try: + with open(filename, "r") as fin: + rendered = MarkdownIt().render(fin.read()) + print(rendered, end="") + except OSError: + sys.stderr.write(f'Cannot open file "{filename}".\n') + sys.exit(1) + + +def interactive() -> None: + """ + Parse user input, dump to stdout, rinse and repeat. + Python REPL style. + """ + print_heading() + contents = [] + more = False + while True: + try: + prompt, more = ("... ", True) if more else (">>> ", True) + contents.append(input(prompt) + "\n") + except EOFError: + print("\n" + MarkdownIt().render("\n".join(contents)), end="") + more = False + contents = [] + except KeyboardInterrupt: + print("\nExiting.") + break + + +def parse_args(args: Sequence[str] | None) -> argparse.Namespace: + """Parse input CLI arguments.""" + parser = argparse.ArgumentParser( + description="Parse one or more markdown files, " + "convert each to HTML, and print to stdout", + # NOTE: Remember to update README.md w/ the output of `markdown-it -h` + epilog=( + f""" +Interactive: + + $ markdown-it + markdown-it-py [version {__version__}] (interactive) + Type Ctrl-D to complete input, or Ctrl-C to exit. + >>> # Example + ... > markdown *input* + ... + <h1>Example</h1> + <blockquote> + <p>markdown <em>input</em></p> + </blockquote> + +Batch: + + $ markdown-it README.md README.footer.md > index.html +""" + ), + formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter, + ) + parser.add_argument("-v", "--version", action="version", version=version_str) + parser.add_argument( + "filenames", nargs="*", help="specify an optional list of files to convert" + ) + return parser.parse_args(args) + + +def print_heading() -> None: + print("{} (interactive)".format(version_str)) + print("Type Ctrl-D to complete input, or Ctrl-C to exit.") + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + exit_code = main(sys.argv[1:]) + sys.exit(exit_code) diff --git a/markdown_it/common/__init__.py b/markdown_it/common/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/common/__init__.py diff --git a/markdown_it/common/entities.py b/markdown_it/common/entities.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6bb2d34 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/common/entities.py @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +"""HTML5 entities map: { name -> characters }.""" +import html.entities + +entities = {name.rstrip(";"): chars for name, chars in html.entities.html5.items()} diff --git a/markdown_it/common/html_blocks.py b/markdown_it/common/html_blocks.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8b199af --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/common/html_blocks.py @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +"""List of valid html blocks names, according to commonmark spec +http://jgm.github.io/CommonMark/spec.html#html-blocks +""" + +block_names = [ + "address", + "article", + "aside", + "base", + "basefont", + "blockquote", + "body", + "caption", + "center", + "col", + "colgroup", + "dd", + "details", + "dialog", + "dir", + "div", + "dl", + "dt", + "fieldset", + "figcaption", + "figure", + "footer", + "form", + "frame", + "frameset", + "h1", + "h2", + "h3", + "h4", + "h5", + "h6", + "head", + "header", + "hr", + "html", + "iframe", + "legend", + "li", + "link", + "main", + "menu", + "menuitem", + "nav", + "noframes", + "ol", + "optgroup", + "option", + "p", + "param", + "section", + "source", + "summary", + "table", + "tbody", + "td", + "tfoot", + "th", + "thead", + "title", + "tr", + "track", + "ul", +] diff --git a/markdown_it/common/html_re.py b/markdown_it/common/html_re.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f0c336d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/common/html_re.py @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +"""Regexps to match html elements +""" + +import re + +attr_name = "[a-zA-Z_:][a-zA-Z0-9:._-]*" + +unquoted = "[^\"'=<>`\\x00-\\x20]+" +single_quoted = "'[^']*'" +double_quoted = '"[^"]*"' + +attr_value = "(?:" + unquoted + "|" + single_quoted + "|" + double_quoted + ")" + +attribute = "(?:\\s+" + attr_name + "(?:\\s*=\\s*" + attr_value + ")?)" + +open_tag = "<[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9\\-]*" + attribute + "*\\s*\\/?>" + +close_tag = "<\\/[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9\\-]*\\s*>" +comment = "<!---->|<!--(?:-?[^>-])(?:-?[^-])*-->" +processing = "<[?][\\s\\S]*?[?]>" +declaration = "<![A-Z]+\\s+[^>]*>" +cdata = "<!\\[CDATA\\[[\\s\\S]*?\\]\\]>" + +HTML_TAG_RE = re.compile( + "^(?:" + + open_tag + + "|" + + close_tag + + "|" + + comment + + "|" + + processing + + "|" + + declaration + + "|" + + cdata + + ")" +) +HTML_OPEN_CLOSE_TAG_STR = "^(?:" + open_tag + "|" + close_tag + ")" +HTML_OPEN_CLOSE_TAG_RE = re.compile(HTML_OPEN_CLOSE_TAG_STR) diff --git a/markdown_it/common/normalize_url.py b/markdown_it/common/normalize_url.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..afec928 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/common/normalize_url.py @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +from __future__ import annotations + +from collections.abc import Callable +import re +from urllib.parse import quote, unquote, urlparse, urlunparse # noqa: F401 + +import mdurl + +from .. import _punycode + +RECODE_HOSTNAME_FOR = ("http:", "https:", "mailto:") + + +def normalizeLink(url: str) -> str: + """Normalize destination URLs in links + + :: + + [label]: destination 'title' + ^^^^^^^^^^^ + """ + parsed = mdurl.parse(url, slashes_denote_host=True) + + if parsed.hostname: + # Encode hostnames in urls like: + # `http://host/`, `https://host/`, `mailto:user@host`, `//host/` + # + # We don't encode unknown schemas, because it's likely that we encode + # something we shouldn't (e.g. `skype:name` treated as `skype:host`) + # + if not parsed.protocol or parsed.protocol in RECODE_HOSTNAME_FOR: + try: + parsed = parsed._replace(hostname=_punycode.to_ascii(parsed.hostname)) + except Exception: + pass + + return mdurl.encode(mdurl.format(parsed)) + + +def normalizeLinkText(url: str) -> str: + """Normalize autolink content + + :: + + <destination> + ~~~~~~~~~~~ + """ + parsed = mdurl.parse(url, slashes_denote_host=True) + + if parsed.hostname: + # Encode hostnames in urls like: + # `http://host/`, `https://host/`, `mailto:user@host`, `//host/` + # + # We don't encode unknown schemas, because it's likely that we encode + # something we shouldn't (e.g. `skype:name` treated as `skype:host`) + # + if not parsed.protocol or parsed.protocol in RECODE_HOSTNAME_FOR: + try: + parsed = parsed._replace(hostname=_punycode.to_unicode(parsed.hostname)) + except Exception: + pass + + # add '%' to exclude list because of https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/issues/720 + return mdurl.decode(mdurl.format(parsed), mdurl.DECODE_DEFAULT_CHARS + "%") + + +BAD_PROTO_RE = re.compile(r"^(vbscript|javascript|file|data):") +GOOD_DATA_RE = re.compile(r"^data:image\/(gif|png|jpeg|webp);") + + +def validateLink(url: str, validator: Callable | None = None) -> bool: + """Validate URL link is allowed in output. + + This validator can prohibit more than really needed to prevent XSS. + It's a tradeoff to keep code simple and to be secure by default. + + Note: url should be normalized at this point, and existing entities decoded. + """ + if validator is not None: + return validator(url) + url = url.strip().lower() + return bool(GOOD_DATA_RE.search(url)) if BAD_PROTO_RE.search(url) else True diff --git a/markdown_it/common/utils.py b/markdown_it/common/utils.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..edc24ca --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/common/utils.py @@ -0,0 +1,334 @@ +"""Utilities for parsing source text +""" +import html +import re +from typing import Any + +from .entities import entities + + +def charCodeAt(src: str, pos: int) -> Any: + """ + Returns the Unicode value of the character at the specified location. + + @param - index The zero-based index of the desired character. + If there is no character at the specified index, NaN is returned. + + This was added for compatibility with python + """ + try: + return ord(src[pos]) + except IndexError: + return None + + +# Merge objects +# +def assign(obj): + """Merge objects /*from1, from2, from3, ...*/)""" + raise NotImplementedError + # sources = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1) + + # sources.forEach(function (source) { + # if (!source) { return; } + + # if (typeof source !== 'object') { + # throw new TypeError(source + 'must be object') + # } + + # Object.keys(source).forEach(function (key) { + # obj[key] = source[key] + # }) + # }) + + # return obj + + +def arrayReplaceAt(src: list, pos: int, newElements: list) -> list: + """ + Remove element from array and put another array at those position. + Useful for some operations with tokens + """ + return src[:pos] + newElements + src[pos + 1 :] + + +###################################################################### + + +def isValidEntityCode(c: int) -> bool: + + # broken sequence + if c >= 0xD800 and c <= 0xDFFF: + return False + # never used + if c >= 0xFDD0 and c <= 0xFDEF: + return False + if ((c & 0xFFFF) == 0xFFFF) or ((c & 0xFFFF) == 0xFFFE): + return False + # control codes + if c >= 0x00 and c <= 0x08: + return False + if c == 0x0B: + return False + if c >= 0x0E and c <= 0x1F: + return False + if c >= 0x7F and c <= 0x9F: + return False + # out of range + if c > 0x10FFFF: + return False + return True + + +def fromCodePoint(c: int) -> str: + """Convert ordinal to unicode. + + Note, in the original Javascript two string characters were required, + for codepoints larger than `0xFFFF`. + But Python 3 can represent any unicode codepoint in one character. + """ + return chr(c) + + +UNESCAPE_MD_RE = re.compile(r'\\([!"#$%&\'()*+,\-.\/:;<=>?@[\\\]^_`{|}~])') +# ENTITY_RE_g = re.compile(r'&([a-z#][a-z0-9]{1,31})', re.IGNORECASE) +UNESCAPE_ALL_RE = re.compile( + r'\\([!"#$%&\'()*+,\-.\/:;<=>?@[\\\]^_`{|}~])' + "|" + r"&([a-z#][a-z0-9]{1,31});", + re.IGNORECASE, +) +DIGITAL_ENTITY_TEST_RE = re.compile(r"^#((?:x[a-f0-9]{1,8}|[0-9]{1,8}))", re.IGNORECASE) + + +def replaceEntityPattern(match: str, name: str) -> str: + """Convert HTML entity patterns + + :: + + https://www.google.com -> https%3A//www.google.com + + """ + code = 0 + + if name in entities: + return entities[name] + + if ord(name[0]) == 0x23 and DIGITAL_ENTITY_TEST_RE.search(name): + code = int(name[2:], 16) if name[1].lower() == "x" else int(name[1:], 10) + if isValidEntityCode(code): + return fromCodePoint(code) + + return match + + +# def replaceEntities(string): +# if (string.indexOf('&') < 0): +# return string +# return string.replace(ENTITY_RE, replaceEntityPattern) + + +def unescapeMd(string: str) -> str: + raise NotImplementedError + # if "\\" in string: + # return string + # return string.replace(UNESCAPE_MD_RE, "$1") + + +def unescapeAll(string: str) -> str: + def replacer_func(match): + escaped = match.group(1) + if escaped: + return escaped + entity = match.group(2) + return replaceEntityPattern(match.group(), entity) + + if "\\" not in string and "&" not in string: + return string + return UNESCAPE_ALL_RE.sub(replacer_func, string) + + +ESCAPABLE = r"""\\!"#$%&'()*+,./:;<=>?@\[\]^`{}|_~-""" +ESCAPE_CHAR = re.compile(r"\\([" + ESCAPABLE + r"])") + + +def stripEscape(string: str) -> str: + """Strip escape \\ characters""" + return ESCAPE_CHAR.sub(r"\1", string) + + +# ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// + +# TODO This section changed quite a lot, should re-check + +# UNESCAPE_HTML_RE = re.compile(r"\\&(?=(amp\;|lt\;|gt\;|quot\;))") +# ESCAPE_AND_HTML = re.compile(r"&(?!(amp\;|lt\;|gt\;|quot\;))") +# HTML_ESCAPE_REPLACE_RE = re.compile(r'[&<>"]') + + +# def escapeHtml(string: str): + +# if HTML_ESCAPE_REPLACE_RE.search(string): + +# string = UNESCAPE_HTML_RE.sub("&", string) +# string = ESCAPE_AND_HTML.sub("&", string) +# for k, v in {"<": "<", ">": ">", '"': """}.items(): +# string = string.replace(k, v) + +# return string + + +def escapeHtml(raw: str) -> str: + # return html.escape(html.unescape(raw)).replace("'", "'") + return html.escape(raw).replace("'", "'") + + +# ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// + +REGEXP_ESCAPE_RE = re.compile(r"[.?*+^$[\]\\(){}|-]") + + +def escapeRE(string: str) -> str: + string = REGEXP_ESCAPE_RE.sub("\\$&", string) + return string + + +# ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// + + +def isSpace(code: object) -> bool: + return code in {0x09, 0x20} + + +MD_WHITESPACE = { + 0x09, # \t + 0x0A, # \n + 0x0B, # \v + 0x0C, # \f + 0x0D, # \r + 0x20, + 0xA0, + 0x1680, + 0x202F, + 0x205F, + 0x3000, +} + + +def isWhiteSpace(code: int) -> bool: + r"""Zs (unicode class) || [\t\f\v\r\n]""" + if code >= 0x2000 and code <= 0x200A: + return True + return code in MD_WHITESPACE + + +# ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// + +UNICODE_PUNCT_RE = re.compile( + r"[!-#%-\*,-\/:;\?@\[-\]_\{\}\xA1\xA7\xAB\xB6\xB7\xBB\xBF\u037E\u0387\u055A-\u055F\u0589\u058A\u05BE\u05C0\u05C3\u05C6\u05F3\u05F4\u0609\u060A\u060C\u060D\u061B\u061E\u061F\u066A-\u066D\u06D4\u0700-\u070D\u07F7-\u07F9\u0830-\u083E\u085E\u0964\u0965\u0970\u09FD\u0A76\u0AF0\u0C84\u0DF4\u0E4F\u0E5A\u0E5B\u0F04-\u0F12\u0F14\u0F3A-\u0F3D\u0F85\u0FD0-\u0FD4\u0FD9\u0FDA\u104A-\u104F\u10FB\u1360-\u1368\u1400\u166D\u166E\u169B\u169C\u16EB-\u16ED\u1735\u1736\u17D4-\u17D6\u17D8-\u17DA\u1800-\u180A\u1944\u1945\u1A1E\u1A1F\u1AA0-\u1AA6\u1AA8-\u1AAD\u1B5A-\u1B60\u1BFC-\u1BFF\u1C3B-\u1C3F\u1C7E\u1C7F\u1CC0-\u1CC7\u1CD3\u2010-\u2027\u2030-\u2043\u2045-\u2051\u2053-\u205E\u207D\u207E\u208D\u208E\u2308-\u230B\u2329\u232A\u2768-\u2775\u27C5\u27C6\u27E6-\u27EF\u2983-\u2998\u29D8-\u29DB\u29FC\u29FD\u2CF9-\u2CFC\u2CFE\u2CFF\u2D70\u2E00-\u2E2E\u2E30-\u2E4E\u3001-\u3003\u3008-\u3011\u3014-\u301F\u3030\u303D\u30A0\u30FB\uA4FE\uA4FF\uA60D-\uA60F\uA673\uA67E\uA6F2-\uA6F7\uA874-\uA877\uA8CE\uA8CF\uA8F8-\uA8FA\uA8FC\uA92E\uA92F\uA95F\uA9C1-\uA9CD\uA9DE\uA9DF\uAA5C-\uAA5F\uAADE\uAADF\uAAF0\uAAF1\uABEB\uFD3E\uFD3F\uFE10-\uFE19\uFE30-\uFE52\uFE54-\uFE61\uFE63\uFE68\uFE6A\uFE6B\uFF01-\uFF03\uFF05-\uFF0A\uFF0C-\uFF0F\uFF1A\uFF1B\uFF1F\uFF20\uFF3B-\uFF3D\uFF3F\uFF5B\uFF5D\uFF5F-\uFF65]|\uD800[\uDD00-\uDD02\uDF9F\uDFD0]|\uD801\uDD6F|\uD802[\uDC57\uDD1F\uDD3F\uDE50-\uDE58\uDE7F\uDEF0-\uDEF6\uDF39-\uDF3F\uDF99-\uDF9C]|\uD803[\uDF55-\uDF59]|\uD804[\uDC47-\uDC4D\uDCBB\uDCBC\uDCBE-\uDCC1\uDD40-\uDD43\uDD74\uDD75\uDDC5-\uDDC8\uDDCD\uDDDB\uDDDD-\uDDDF\uDE38-\uDE3D\uDEA9]|\uD805[\uDC4B-\uDC4F\uDC5B\uDC5D\uDCC6\uDDC1-\uDDD7\uDE41-\uDE43\uDE60-\uDE6C\uDF3C-\uDF3E]|\uD806[\uDC3B\uDE3F-\uDE46\uDE9A-\uDE9C\uDE9E-\uDEA2]|\uD807[\uDC41-\uDC45\uDC70\uDC71\uDEF7\uDEF8]|\uD809[\uDC70-\uDC74]|\uD81A[\uDE6E\uDE6F\uDEF5\uDF37-\uDF3B\uDF44]|\uD81B[\uDE97-\uDE9A]|\uD82F\uDC9F|\uD836[\uDE87-\uDE8B]|\uD83A[\uDD5E\uDD5F]" # noqa: E501 +) + + +# Currently without astral characters support. +def isPunctChar(ch: str) -> bool: + return UNICODE_PUNCT_RE.search(ch) is not None + + +MD_ASCII_PUNCT = { + 0x21, # /* ! */ + 0x22, # /* " */ + 0x23, # /* # */ + 0x24, # /* $ */ + 0x25, # /* % */ + 0x26, # /* & */ + 0x27, # /* ' */ + 0x28, # /* ( */ + 0x29, # /* ) */ + 0x2A, # /* * */ + 0x2B, # /* + */ + 0x2C, # /* , */ + 0x2D, # /* - */ + 0x2E, # /* . */ + 0x2F, # /* / */ + 0x3A, # /* : */ + 0x3B, # /* ; */ + 0x3C, # /* < */ + 0x3D, # /* = */ + 0x3E, # /* > */ + 0x3F, # /* ? */ + 0x40, # /* @ */ + 0x5B, # /* [ */ + 0x5C, # /* \ */ + 0x5D, # /* ] */ + 0x5E, # /* ^ */ + 0x5F, # /* _ */ + 0x60, # /* ` */ + 0x7B, # /* { */ + 0x7C, # /* | */ + 0x7D, # /* } */ + 0x7E, # /* ~ */ +} + + +def isMdAsciiPunct(ch: int) -> bool: + """Markdown ASCII punctuation characters. + + :: + + !, ", #, $, %, &, ', (, ), *, +, ,, -, ., /, :, ;, <, =, >, ?, @, [, \\, ], ^, _, `, {, |, }, or ~ + + See http://spec.commonmark.org/0.15/#ascii-punctuation-character + + Don't confuse with unicode punctuation !!! It lacks some chars in ascii range. + + """ # noqa: E501 + return ch in MD_ASCII_PUNCT + + +def normalizeReference(string: str) -> str: + """Helper to unify [reference labels].""" + # Trim and collapse whitespace + # + string = re.sub(r"\s+", " ", string.strip()) + + # In node v10 'ẞ'.toLowerCase() === 'Ṿ', which is presumed to be a bug + # fixed in v12 (couldn't find any details). + # + # So treat this one as a special case + # (remove this when node v10 is no longer supported). + # + # if ('ẞ'.toLowerCase() === 'Ṿ') { + # str = str.replace(/ẞ/g, 'ß') + # } + + # .toLowerCase().toUpperCase() should get rid of all differences + # between letter variants. + # + # Simple .toLowerCase() doesn't normalize 125 code points correctly, + # and .toUpperCase doesn't normalize 6 of them (list of exceptions: + # İ, ϴ, ẞ, Ω, K, Å - those are already uppercased, but have differently + # uppercased versions). + # + # Here's an example showing how it happens. Lets take greek letter omega: + # uppercase U+0398 (Θ), U+03f4 (ϴ) and lowercase U+03b8 (θ), U+03d1 (ϑ) + # + # Unicode entries: + # 0398;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER THETA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;03B8 + # 03B8;GREEK SMALL LETTER THETA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0398;;0398 + # 03D1;GREEK THETA SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<compat> 03B8;;;;N;GREEK SMALL LETTER SCRIPT THETA;;0398;;0398 + # 03F4;GREEK CAPITAL THETA SYMBOL;Lu;0;L;<compat> 0398;;;;N;;;;03B8 + # + # Case-insensitive comparison should treat all of them as equivalent. + # + # But .toLowerCase() doesn't change ϑ (it's already lowercase), + # and .toUpperCase() doesn't change ϴ (already uppercase). + # + # Applying first lower then upper case normalizes any character: + # '\u0398\u03f4\u03b8\u03d1'.toLowerCase().toUpperCase() === '\u0398\u0398\u0398\u0398' + # + # Note: this is equivalent to unicode case folding; unicode normalization + # is a different step that is not required here. + # + # Final result should be uppercased, because it's later stored in an object + # (this avoid a conflict with Object.prototype members, + # most notably, `__proto__`) + # + return string.lower().upper() diff --git a/markdown_it/helpers/__init__.py b/markdown_it/helpers/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3dbbdd1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/helpers/__init__.py @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +"""Functions for parsing Links +""" +__all__ = ("parseLinkLabel", "parseLinkDestination", "parseLinkTitle") +from .parse_link_destination import parseLinkDestination +from .parse_link_label import parseLinkLabel +from .parse_link_title import parseLinkTitle diff --git a/markdown_it/helpers/parse_link_destination.py b/markdown_it/helpers/parse_link_destination.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..58b76f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/helpers/parse_link_destination.py @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +""" +Parse link destination +""" + +from ..common.utils import charCodeAt, unescapeAll + + +class _Result: + __slots__ = ("ok", "pos", "lines", "str") + + def __init__(self): + self.ok = False + self.pos = 0 + self.lines = 0 + self.str = "" + + +def parseLinkDestination(string: str, pos: int, maximum: int) -> _Result: + lines = 0 + start = pos + result = _Result() + + if charCodeAt(string, pos) == 0x3C: # /* < */ + pos += 1 + while pos < maximum: + code = charCodeAt(string, pos) + if code == 0x0A: # /* \n */) + return result + if code == 0x3C: # / * < * / + return result + if code == 0x3E: # /* > */) { + result.pos = pos + 1 + result.str = unescapeAll(string[start + 1 : pos]) + result.ok = True + return result + + if code == 0x5C and pos + 1 < maximum: # \ + pos += 2 + continue + + pos += 1 + + # no closing '>' + return result + + # this should be ... } else { ... branch + + level = 0 + while pos < maximum: + code = charCodeAt(string, pos) + + if code == 0x20: + break + + # ascii control characters + if code < 0x20 or code == 0x7F: + break + + if code == 0x5C and pos + 1 < maximum: + if charCodeAt(string, pos + 1) == 0x20: + break + pos += 2 + continue + + if code == 0x28: # /* ( */) + level += 1 + if level > 32: + return result + + if code == 0x29: # /* ) */) + if level == 0: + break + level -= 1 + + pos += 1 + + if start == pos: + return result + if level != 0: + return result + + result.str = unescapeAll(string[start:pos]) + result.lines = lines + result.pos = pos + result.ok = True + return result diff --git a/markdown_it/helpers/parse_link_label.py b/markdown_it/helpers/parse_link_label.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..20e3c14 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/helpers/parse_link_label.py @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +""" +Parse link label + +this function assumes that first character ("[") already matches +returns the end of the label + +""" +from markdown_it.rules_inline import StateInline + + +def parseLinkLabel(state: StateInline, start: int, disableNested: bool = False) -> int: + + labelEnd = -1 + oldPos = state.pos + found = False + + state.pos = start + 1 + level = 1 + + while state.pos < state.posMax: + marker = state.srcCharCode[state.pos] + if marker == 0x5D: # /* ] */) + level -= 1 + if level == 0: + found = True + break + + prevPos = state.pos + state.md.inline.skipToken(state) + if marker == 0x5B: # /* [ */) + if prevPos == state.pos - 1: + # increase level if we find text `[`, + # which is not a part of any token + level += 1 + elif disableNested: + state.pos = oldPos + return -1 + if found: + labelEnd = state.pos + + # restore old state + state.pos = oldPos + + return labelEnd diff --git a/markdown_it/helpers/parse_link_title.py b/markdown_it/helpers/parse_link_title.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..842c83b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/helpers/parse_link_title.py @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +"""Parse link title +""" +from ..common.utils import charCodeAt, unescapeAll + + +class _Result: + __slots__ = ("ok", "pos", "lines", "str") + + def __init__(self): + self.ok = False + self.pos = 0 + self.lines = 0 + self.str = "" + + def __str__(self): + return self.str + + +def parseLinkTitle(string: str, pos: int, maximum: int) -> _Result: + lines = 0 + start = pos + result = _Result() + + if pos >= maximum: + return result + + marker = charCodeAt(string, pos) + + # /* " */ /* ' */ /* ( */ + if marker != 0x22 and marker != 0x27 and marker != 0x28: + return result + + pos += 1 + + # if opening marker is "(", switch it to closing marker ")" + if marker == 0x28: + marker = 0x29 + + while pos < maximum: + code = charCodeAt(string, pos) + if code == marker: + title = string[start + 1 : pos] + title = unescapeAll(title) + result.pos = pos + 1 + result.lines = lines + result.str = title + result.ok = True + return result + elif code == 0x28 and marker == 0x29: # /* ( */ /* ) */ + return result + elif code == 0x0A: + lines += 1 + elif code == 0x5C and pos + 1 < maximum: # /* \ */ + pos += 1 + if charCodeAt(string, pos) == 0x0A: + lines += 1 + + pos += 1 + + return result diff --git a/markdown_it/main.py b/markdown_it/main.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7faac5a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/main.py @@ -0,0 +1,331 @@ +from __future__ import annotations + +from collections.abc import Callable, Generator, Iterable, Mapping, MutableMapping +from contextlib import contextmanager +from typing import Any + +from . import helpers, presets # noqa F401 +from .common import normalize_url, utils # noqa F401 +from .parser_block import ParserBlock # noqa F401 +from .parser_core import ParserCore # noqa F401 +from .parser_inline import ParserInline # noqa F401 +from .renderer import RendererHTML, RendererProtocol +from .rules_core.state_core import StateCore +from .token import Token +from .utils import OptionsDict + +try: + import linkify_it +except ModuleNotFoundError: + linkify_it = None + + +_PRESETS = { + "default": presets.default.make(), + "js-default": presets.js_default.make(), + "zero": presets.zero.make(), + "commonmark": presets.commonmark.make(), + "gfm-like": presets.gfm_like.make(), +} + + +class MarkdownIt: + def __init__( + self, + config: str | Mapping = "commonmark", + options_update: Mapping | None = None, + *, + renderer_cls: Callable[[MarkdownIt], RendererProtocol] = RendererHTML, + ): + """Main parser class + + :param config: name of configuration to load or a pre-defined dictionary + :param options_update: dictionary that will be merged into ``config["options"]`` + :param renderer_cls: the class to load as the renderer: + ``self.renderer = renderer_cls(self) + """ + # add modules + self.utils = utils + self.helpers: Any = helpers + + # initialise classes + self.inline = ParserInline() + self.block = ParserBlock() + self.core = ParserCore() + self.renderer = renderer_cls(self) + self.linkify = linkify_it.LinkifyIt() if linkify_it else None + + # set the configuration + if options_update and not isinstance(options_update, Mapping): + # catch signature change where renderer_cls was not used as a key-word + raise TypeError( + f"options_update should be a mapping: {options_update}" + "\n(Perhaps you intended this to be the renderer_cls?)" + ) + self.configure(config, options_update=options_update) + + def __repr__(self) -> str: + return f"{self.__class__.__module__}.{self.__class__.__name__}()" + + def __getitem__(self, name: str) -> Any: + return { + "inline": self.inline, + "block": self.block, + "core": self.core, + "renderer": self.renderer, + }[name] + + def set(self, options: MutableMapping) -> None: + """Set parser options (in the same format as in constructor). + Probably, you will never need it, but you can change options after constructor call. + + __Note:__ To achieve the best possible performance, don't modify a + `markdown-it` instance options on the fly. If you need multiple configurations + it's best to create multiple instances and initialize each with separate config. + """ + self.options = OptionsDict(options) + + def configure( + self, presets: str | Mapping, options_update: Mapping | None = None + ) -> MarkdownIt: + """Batch load of all options and component settings. + This is an internal method, and you probably will not need it. + But if you will - see available presets and data structure + [here](https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/tree/master/lib/presets) + + We strongly recommend to use presets instead of direct config loads. + That will give better compatibility with next versions. + """ + if isinstance(presets, str): + if presets not in _PRESETS: + raise KeyError(f"Wrong `markdown-it` preset '{presets}', check name") + config = _PRESETS[presets] + else: + config = presets + + if not config: + raise ValueError("Wrong `markdown-it` config, can't be empty") + + options = config.get("options", {}) or {} + if options_update: + options = {**options, **options_update} + + self.set(options) + + if "components" in config: + for name, component in config["components"].items(): + rules = component.get("rules", None) + if rules: + self[name].ruler.enableOnly(rules) + rules2 = component.get("rules2", None) + if rules2: + self[name].ruler2.enableOnly(rules2) + + return self + + def get_all_rules(self) -> dict[str, list[str]]: + """Return the names of all active rules.""" + rules = { + chain: self[chain].ruler.get_all_rules() + for chain in ["core", "block", "inline"] + } + rules["inline2"] = self.inline.ruler2.get_all_rules() + return rules + + def get_active_rules(self) -> dict[str, list[str]]: + """Return the names of all active rules.""" + rules = { + chain: self[chain].ruler.get_active_rules() + for chain in ["core", "block", "inline"] + } + rules["inline2"] = self.inline.ruler2.get_active_rules() + return rules + + def enable( + self, names: str | Iterable[str], ignoreInvalid: bool = False + ) -> MarkdownIt: + """Enable list or rules. (chainable) + + :param names: rule name or list of rule names to enable. + :param ignoreInvalid: set `true` to ignore errors when rule not found. + + It will automatically find appropriate components, + containing rules with given names. If rule not found, and `ignoreInvalid` + not set - throws exception. + + Example:: + + md = MarkdownIt().enable(['sub', 'sup']).disable('smartquotes') + + """ + result = [] + + if isinstance(names, str): + names = [names] + + for chain in ["core", "block", "inline"]: + result.extend(self[chain].ruler.enable(names, True)) + result.extend(self.inline.ruler2.enable(names, True)) + + missed = [name for name in names if name not in result] + if missed and not ignoreInvalid: + raise ValueError(f"MarkdownIt. Failed to enable unknown rule(s): {missed}") + + return self + + def disable( + self, names: str | Iterable[str], ignoreInvalid: bool = False + ) -> MarkdownIt: + """The same as [[MarkdownIt.enable]], but turn specified rules off. (chainable) + + :param names: rule name or list of rule names to disable. + :param ignoreInvalid: set `true` to ignore errors when rule not found. + + """ + result = [] + + if isinstance(names, str): + names = [names] + + for chain in ["core", "block", "inline"]: + result.extend(self[chain].ruler.disable(names, True)) + result.extend(self.inline.ruler2.disable(names, True)) + + missed = [name for name in names if name not in result] + if missed and not ignoreInvalid: + raise ValueError(f"MarkdownIt. Failed to disable unknown rule(s): {missed}") + return self + + @contextmanager + def reset_rules(self) -> Generator[None, None, None]: + """A context manager, that will reset the current enabled rules on exit.""" + chain_rules = self.get_active_rules() + yield + for chain, rules in chain_rules.items(): + if chain != "inline2": + self[chain].ruler.enableOnly(rules) + self.inline.ruler2.enableOnly(chain_rules["inline2"]) + + def add_render_rule(self, name: str, function: Callable, fmt: str = "html") -> None: + """Add a rule for rendering a particular Token type. + + Only applied when ``renderer.__output__ == fmt`` + """ + if self.renderer.__output__ == fmt: + self.renderer.rules[name] = function.__get__(self.renderer) # type: ignore + + def use(self, plugin: Callable, *params, **options) -> MarkdownIt: + """Load specified plugin with given params into current parser instance. (chainable) + + It's just a sugar to call `plugin(md, params)` with curring. + + Example:: + + def func(tokens, idx): + tokens[idx].content = tokens[idx].content.replace('foo', 'bar') + md = MarkdownIt().use(plugin, 'foo_replace', 'text', func) + + """ + plugin(self, *params, **options) + return self + + def parse(self, src: str, env: MutableMapping | None = None) -> list[Token]: + """Parse the source string to a token stream + + :param src: source string + :param env: environment sandbox + + Parse input string and return list of block tokens (special token type + "inline" will contain list of inline tokens). + + `env` is used to pass data between "distributed" rules and return additional + metadata like reference info, needed for the renderer. It also can be used to + inject data in specific cases. Usually, you will be ok to pass `{}`, + and then pass updated object to renderer. + """ + env = {} if env is None else env + if not isinstance(env, MutableMapping): + raise TypeError(f"Input data should be a MutableMapping, not {type(env)}") + if not isinstance(src, str): + raise TypeError(f"Input data should be a string, not {type(src)}") + state = StateCore(src, self, env) + self.core.process(state) + return state.tokens + + def render(self, src: str, env: MutableMapping | None = None) -> Any: + """Render markdown string into html. It does all magic for you :). + + :param src: source string + :param env: environment sandbox + :returns: The output of the loaded renderer + + `env` can be used to inject additional metadata (`{}` by default). + But you will not need it with high probability. See also comment + in [[MarkdownIt.parse]]. + """ + env = {} if env is None else env + return self.renderer.render(self.parse(src, env), self.options, env) + + def parseInline(self, src: str, env: MutableMapping | None = None) -> list[Token]: + """The same as [[MarkdownIt.parse]] but skip all block rules. + + :param src: source string + :param env: environment sandbox + + It returns the + block tokens list with the single `inline` element, containing parsed inline + tokens in `children` property. Also updates `env` object. + """ + env = {} if env is None else env + if not isinstance(env, MutableMapping): + raise TypeError(f"Input data should be an MutableMapping, not {type(env)}") + if not isinstance(src, str): + raise TypeError(f"Input data should be a string, not {type(src)}") + state = StateCore(src, self, env) + state.inlineMode = True + self.core.process(state) + return state.tokens + + def renderInline(self, src: str, env: MutableMapping | None = None) -> Any: + """Similar to [[MarkdownIt.render]] but for single paragraph content. + + :param src: source string + :param env: environment sandbox + + Similar to [[MarkdownIt.render]] but for single paragraph content. Result + will NOT be wrapped into `<p>` tags. + """ + env = {} if env is None else env + return self.renderer.render(self.parseInline(src, env), self.options, env) + + # link methods + + def validateLink(self, url: str) -> bool: + """Validate if the URL link is allowed in output. + + This validator can prohibit more than really needed to prevent XSS. + It's a tradeoff to keep code simple and to be secure by default. + + Note: the url should be normalized at this point, and existing entities decoded. + """ + return normalize_url.validateLink(url) + + def normalizeLink(self, url: str) -> str: + """Normalize destination URLs in links + + :: + + [label]: destination 'title' + ^^^^^^^^^^^ + """ + return normalize_url.normalizeLink(url) + + def normalizeLinkText(self, link: str) -> str: + """Normalize autolink content + + :: + + <destination> + ~~~~~~~~~~~ + """ + return normalize_url.normalizeLinkText(link) diff --git a/markdown_it/parser_block.py b/markdown_it/parser_block.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f331ec5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/parser_block.py @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +"""Block-level tokenizer.""" +from __future__ import annotations + +import logging + +from . import rules_block +from .ruler import Ruler +from .rules_block.state_block import StateBlock +from .token import Token + +LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__) + + +_rules: list[tuple] = [ + # First 2 params - rule name & source. Secondary array - list of rules, + # which can be terminated by this one. + ("table", rules_block.table, ["paragraph", "reference"]), + ("code", rules_block.code), + ("fence", rules_block.fence, ["paragraph", "reference", "blockquote", "list"]), + ( + "blockquote", + rules_block.blockquote, + ["paragraph", "reference", "blockquote", "list"], + ), + ("hr", rules_block.hr, ["paragraph", "reference", "blockquote", "list"]), + ("list", rules_block.list_block, ["paragraph", "reference", "blockquote"]), + ("reference", rules_block.reference), + ("html_block", rules_block.html_block, ["paragraph", "reference", "blockquote"]), + ("heading", rules_block.heading, ["paragraph", "reference", "blockquote"]), + ("lheading", rules_block.lheading), + ("paragraph", rules_block.paragraph), +] + + +class ParserBlock: + """ + ParserBlock#ruler -> Ruler + + [[Ruler]] instance. Keep configuration of block rules. + """ + + def __init__(self): + self.ruler = Ruler() + for data in _rules: + name = data[0] + rule = data[1] + self.ruler.push(name, rule, {"alt": data[2] if len(data) > 2 else []}) + + def tokenize( + self, state: StateBlock, startLine: int, endLine: int, silent: bool = False + ) -> None: + """Generate tokens for input range.""" + rules = self.ruler.getRules("") + line = startLine + maxNesting = state.md.options.maxNesting + hasEmptyLines = False + + while line < endLine: + state.line = line = state.skipEmptyLines(line) + if line >= endLine: + break + if state.sCount[line] < state.blkIndent: + # Termination condition for nested calls. + # Nested calls currently used for blockquotes & lists + break + if state.level >= maxNesting: + # If nesting level exceeded - skip tail to the end. + # That's not ordinary situation and we should not care about content. + state.line = endLine + break + + # Try all possible rules. + # On success, rule should: + # - update `state.line` + # - update `state.tokens` + # - return True + for rule in rules: + if rule(state, line, endLine, False): + break + + # set state.tight if we had an empty line before current tag + # i.e. latest empty line should not count + state.tight = not hasEmptyLines + + line = state.line + + # paragraph might "eat" one newline after it in nested lists + if (line - 1) < endLine and state.isEmpty(line - 1): + hasEmptyLines = True + + if line < endLine and state.isEmpty(line): + hasEmptyLines = True + line += 1 + state.line = line + + def parse( + self, + src: str, + md, + env, + outTokens: list[Token], + ords: tuple[int, ...] | None = None, + ) -> list[Token] | None: + """Process input string and push block tokens into `outTokens`.""" + if not src: + return None + state = StateBlock(src, md, env, outTokens, ords) + self.tokenize(state, state.line, state.lineMax) + return state.tokens diff --git a/markdown_it/parser_core.py b/markdown_it/parser_core.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..32209b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/parser_core.py @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +""" + * class Core + * + * Top-level rules executor. Glues block/inline parsers and does intermediate + * transformations. +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +from .ruler import RuleFunc, Ruler +from .rules_core import block, inline, linkify, normalize, replace, smartquotes +from .rules_core.state_core import StateCore + +_rules: list[tuple[str, RuleFunc]] = [ + ("normalize", normalize), + ("block", block), + ("inline", inline), + ("linkify", linkify), + ("replacements", replace), + ("smartquotes", smartquotes), +] + + +class ParserCore: + def __init__(self): + self.ruler = Ruler() + for name, rule in _rules: + self.ruler.push(name, rule) + + def process(self, state: StateCore) -> None: + """Executes core chain rules.""" + for rule in self.ruler.getRules(""): + rule(state) diff --git a/markdown_it/parser_inline.py b/markdown_it/parser_inline.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b61c990 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/parser_inline.py @@ -0,0 +1,124 @@ +"""Tokenizes paragraph content. +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +from . import rules_inline +from .ruler import RuleFunc, Ruler +from .rules_inline.state_inline import StateInline +from .token import Token + +# Parser rules +_rules: list[tuple[str, RuleFunc]] = [ + ("text", rules_inline.text), + ("newline", rules_inline.newline), + ("escape", rules_inline.escape), + ("backticks", rules_inline.backtick), + ("strikethrough", rules_inline.strikethrough.tokenize), + ("emphasis", rules_inline.emphasis.tokenize), + ("link", rules_inline.link), + ("image", rules_inline.image), + ("autolink", rules_inline.autolink), + ("html_inline", rules_inline.html_inline), + ("entity", rules_inline.entity), +] + +_rules2: list[tuple[str, RuleFunc]] = [ + ("balance_pairs", rules_inline.link_pairs), + ("strikethrough", rules_inline.strikethrough.postProcess), + ("emphasis", rules_inline.emphasis.postProcess), + ("text_collapse", rules_inline.text_collapse), +] + + +class ParserInline: + def __init__(self): + self.ruler = Ruler() + for name, rule in _rules: + self.ruler.push(name, rule) + # Second ruler used for post-processing (e.g. in emphasis-like rules) + self.ruler2 = Ruler() + for name, rule2 in _rules2: + self.ruler2.push(name, rule2) + + def skipToken(self, state: StateInline) -> None: + """Skip single token by running all rules in validation mode; + returns `True` if any rule reported success + """ + ok = False + pos = state.pos + rules = self.ruler.getRules("") + maxNesting = state.md.options["maxNesting"] + cache = state.cache + + if pos in cache: + state.pos = cache[pos] + return + + if state.level < maxNesting: + for rule in rules: + # Increment state.level and decrement it later to limit recursion. + # It's harmless to do here, because no tokens are created. + # But ideally, we'd need a separate private state variable for this purpose. + state.level += 1 + ok = rule(state, True) + state.level -= 1 + if ok: + break + else: + # Too much nesting, just skip until the end of the paragraph. + # + # NOTE: this will cause links to behave incorrectly in the following case, + # when an amount of `[` is exactly equal to `maxNesting + 1`: + # + # [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[foo]() + # + # TODO: remove this workaround when CM standard will allow nested links + # (we can replace it by preventing links from being parsed in + # validation mode) + # + state.pos = state.posMax + + if not ok: + state.pos += 1 + cache[pos] = state.pos + + def tokenize(self, state: StateInline) -> None: + """Generate tokens for input range.""" + ok = False + rules = self.ruler.getRules("") + end = state.posMax + maxNesting = state.md.options["maxNesting"] + + while state.pos < end: + # Try all possible rules. + # On success, rule should: + # + # - update `state.pos` + # - update `state.tokens` + # - return true + + if state.level < maxNesting: + for rule in rules: + ok = rule(state, False) + if ok: + break + + if ok: + if state.pos >= end: + break + continue + + state.pending += state.src[state.pos] + state.pos += 1 + + if state.pending: + state.pushPending() + + def parse(self, src: str, md, env, tokens: list[Token]) -> list[Token]: + """Process input string and push inline tokens into `tokens`""" + state = StateInline(src, md, env, tokens) + self.tokenize(state) + rules2 = self.ruler2.getRules("") + for rule in rules2: + rule(state) + return state.tokens diff --git a/markdown_it/port.yaml b/markdown_it/port.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a6718fd --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/port.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +- package: markdown-it/markdown-it + version: 12.2.0 + commit: 6e2de08a0b03d3d0dcc524b89710ce05f83a0283 + date: Aug 2, 2021 + notes: + - Rename variables that use python built-in names, e.g. + - `max` -> `maximum` + - `len` -> `length` + - `str` -> `string` + - | + Convert JS `for` loops to `while` loops + this is generally the main difference between the codes, + because in python you can't do e.g. `for {i=1;i<x;i++} {}` + - | + `env` is a common Python dictionary, and so does not have attribute access to keys, + as with JavaScript dictionaries. + `options` have attribute access only to core markdownit configuration options + - | + `Token.attrs` is a dictionary, instead of a list of lists. + Upstream the list format is only used to guarantee order: https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/issues/142, + but in Python 3.7+ order of dictionaries is guaranteed. + One should anyhow use the `attrGet`, `attrSet`, `attrPush` and `attrJoin` methods + to manipulate `Token.attrs`, which have an identical signature to those upstream. + - Use python version of `charCodeAt` + - | + Reduce use of charCodeAt() by storing char codes in a srcCharCodes attribute for state + objects and sharing those whenever possible + This provides a significant performance boost + - | + In markdown_it/rules_block/reference.py, + record line range in state.env["references"] and add state.env["duplicate_refs"] + This is to allow renderers to report on issues regarding references + - | + The `MarkdownIt.__init__` signature is slightly different for updating options, + since you must always specify the config first, e.g. + use `MarkdownIt("commonmark", {"html": False})` instead of `MarkdownIt({"html": False})` + - The default configuration preset for `MarkdownIt` is "commonmark" not "default" + - Allow custom renderer to be passed to `MarkdownIt` + - | + change render method signatures + `func(tokens, idx, options, env, slf)` to + `func(self, tokens, idx, options, env)` + - | + Extensions add render methods by format + `MarkdownIt.add_render_rule(name, function, fmt="html")`, + rather than `MarkdownIt.renderer.rules[name] = function` + and renderers should declare a class property `__output__ = "html"`. + This allows for extensibility to more than just HTML renderers + - inline tokens in tables are assigned a map (this is helpful for propagation to children) diff --git a/markdown_it/presets/__init__.py b/markdown_it/presets/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..16f10e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/presets/__init__.py @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +__all__ = ("commonmark", "default", "zero", "js_default", "gfm_like") + +from . import commonmark, default, zero + +js_default = default + + +class gfm_like: + """GitHub Flavoured Markdown (GFM) like. + + This adds the linkify, table and strikethrough components to CommmonMark. + + Note, it lacks task-list items and raw HTML filtering, + to meet the the full GFM specification + (see https://github.github.com/gfm/#autolinks-extension-). + """ + + @staticmethod + def make(): + config = commonmark.make() + config["components"]["core"]["rules"].append("linkify") + config["components"]["block"]["rules"].append("table") + config["components"]["inline"]["rules"].append("strikethrough") + config["components"]["inline"]["rules2"].append("strikethrough") + config["options"]["linkify"] = True + config["options"]["html"] = True + return config diff --git a/markdown_it/presets/commonmark.py b/markdown_it/presets/commonmark.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e44b66b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/presets/commonmark.py @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +"""Commonmark default options. + +This differs to presets.default, +primarily in that it allows HTML and does not enable components: + +- block: table +- inline: strikethrough +""" + + +def make(): + return { + "options": { + "maxNesting": 20, # Internal protection, recursion limit + "html": True, # Enable HTML tags in source, + # this is just a shorthand for .enable(["html_inline", "html_block"]) + # used by the linkify rule: + "linkify": False, # autoconvert URL-like texts to links + # used by the replacements and smartquotes rules + # Enable some language-neutral replacements + quotes beautification + "typographer": False, + # used by the smartquotes rule: + # Double + single quotes replacement pairs, when typographer enabled, + # and smartquotes on. Could be either a String or an Array. + # + # For example, you can use '«»„“' for Russian, '„“‚‘' for German, + # and ['«\xA0', '\xA0»', '‹\xA0', '\xA0›'] for French (including nbsp). + "quotes": "\u201c\u201d\u2018\u2019", # /* “”‘’ */ + # Renderer specific; these options are used directly in the HTML renderer + "xhtmlOut": True, # Use '/' to close single tags (<br />) + "breaks": False, # Convert '\n' in paragraphs into <br> + "langPrefix": "language-", # CSS language prefix for fenced blocks + # Highlighter function. Should return escaped HTML, + # or '' if the source string is not changed and should be escaped externally. + # If result starts with <pre... internal wrapper is skipped. + # + # function (/*str, lang, attrs*/) { return ''; } + # + "highlight": None, + }, + "components": { + "core": {"rules": ["normalize", "block", "inline"]}, + "block": { + "rules": [ + "blockquote", + "code", + "fence", + "heading", + "hr", + "html_block", + "lheading", + "list", + "reference", + "paragraph", + ] + }, + "inline": { + "rules": [ + "autolink", + "backticks", + "emphasis", + "entity", + "escape", + "html_inline", + "image", + "link", + "newline", + "text", + ], + "rules2": ["balance_pairs", "emphasis", "text_collapse"], + }, + }, + } diff --git a/markdown_it/presets/default.py b/markdown_it/presets/default.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..59f4855 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/presets/default.py @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +"""markdown-it default options.""" + + +def make(): + return { + "options": { + "maxNesting": 100, # Internal protection, recursion limit + "html": False, # Enable HTML tags in source + # this is just a shorthand for .disable(["html_inline", "html_block"]) + # used by the linkify rule: + "linkify": False, # autoconvert URL-like texts to links + # used by the replacements and smartquotes rules: + # Enable some language-neutral replacements + quotes beautification + "typographer": False, + # used by the smartquotes rule: + # Double + single quotes replacement pairs, when typographer enabled, + # and smartquotes on. Could be either a String or an Array. + # For example, you can use '«»„“' for Russian, '„“‚‘' for German, + # and ['«\xA0', '\xA0»', '‹\xA0', '\xA0›'] for French (including nbsp). + "quotes": "\u201c\u201d\u2018\u2019", # /* “”‘’ */ + # Renderer specific; these options are used directly in the HTML renderer + "xhtmlOut": False, # Use '/' to close single tags (<br />) + "breaks": False, # Convert '\n' in paragraphs into <br> + "langPrefix": "language-", # CSS language prefix for fenced blocks + # Highlighter function. Should return escaped HTML, + # or '' if the source string is not changed and should be escaped externally. + # If result starts with <pre... internal wrapper is skipped. + # + # function (/*str, lang, attrs*/) { return ''; } + # + "highlight": None, + }, + "components": {"core": {}, "block": {}, "inline": {}}, + } diff --git a/markdown_it/presets/zero.py b/markdown_it/presets/zero.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..af1d9c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/presets/zero.py @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +""" +"Zero" preset, with nothing enabled. Useful for manual configuring of simple +modes. For example, to parse bold/italic only. +""" + + +def make(): + return { + "options": { + "maxNesting": 20, # Internal protection, recursion limit + "html": False, # Enable HTML tags in source + # this is just a shorthand for .disable(["html_inline", "html_block"]) + # used by the linkify rule: + "linkify": False, # autoconvert URL-like texts to links + # used by the replacements and smartquotes rules: + # Enable some language-neutral replacements + quotes beautification + "typographer": False, + # used by the smartquotes rule: + # Double + single quotes replacement pairs, when typographer enabled, + # and smartquotes on. Could be either a String or an Array. + # For example, you can use '«»„“' for Russian, '„“‚‘' for German, + # and ['«\xA0', '\xA0»', '‹\xA0', '\xA0›'] for French (including nbsp). + "quotes": "\u201c\u201d\u2018\u2019", # /* “”‘’ */ + # Renderer specific; these options are used directly in the HTML renderer + "xhtmlOut": False, # Use '/' to close single tags (<br />) + "breaks": False, # Convert '\n' in paragraphs into <br> + "langPrefix": "language-", # CSS language prefix for fenced blocks + # Highlighter function. Should return escaped HTML, + # or '' if the source string is not changed and should be escaped externally. + # If result starts with <pre... internal wrapper is skipped. + # function (/*str, lang, attrs*/) { return ''; } + "highlight": None, + }, + "components": { + "core": {"rules": ["normalize", "block", "inline"]}, + "block": {"rules": ["paragraph"]}, + "inline": {"rules": ["text"], "rules2": ["balance_pairs", "text_collapse"]}, + }, + } diff --git a/markdown_it/py.typed b/markdown_it/py.typed new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7632ecf --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/py.typed @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +# Marker file for PEP 561 diff --git a/markdown_it/renderer.py b/markdown_it/renderer.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b8bfe4d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/renderer.py @@ -0,0 +1,339 @@ +""" +class Renderer + +Generates HTML from parsed token stream. Each instance has independent +copy of rules. Those can be rewritten with ease. Also, you can add new +rules if you create plugin and adds new token types. +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +from collections.abc import MutableMapping, Sequence +import inspect +from typing import Any, ClassVar + +from .common.utils import escapeHtml, unescapeAll +from .token import Token +from .utils import OptionsDict + +try: + from typing import Protocol +except ImportError: # Python <3.8 doesn't have `Protocol` in the stdlib + from typing_extensions import Protocol # type: ignore[misc] + + +class RendererProtocol(Protocol): + __output__: ClassVar[str] + + def render( + self, tokens: Sequence[Token], options: OptionsDict, env: MutableMapping + ) -> Any: + ... + + +class RendererHTML(RendererProtocol): + """Contains render rules for tokens. Can be updated and extended. + + Example: + + Each rule is called as independent static function with fixed signature: + + :: + + class Renderer: + def token_type_name(self, tokens, idx, options, env) { + # ... + return renderedHTML + + :: + + class CustomRenderer(RendererHTML): + def strong_open(self, tokens, idx, options, env): + return '<b>' + def strong_close(self, tokens, idx, options, env): + return '</b>' + + md = MarkdownIt(renderer_cls=CustomRenderer) + + result = md.render(...) + + See https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/blob/master/lib/renderer.js + for more details and examples. + """ + + __output__ = "html" + + def __init__(self, parser=None): + self.rules = { + k: v + for k, v in inspect.getmembers(self, predicate=inspect.ismethod) + if not (k.startswith("render") or k.startswith("_")) + } + + def render( + self, tokens: Sequence[Token], options: OptionsDict, env: MutableMapping + ) -> str: + """Takes token stream and generates HTML. + + :param tokens: list on block tokens to render + :param options: params of parser instance + :param env: additional data from parsed input + + """ + result = "" + + for i, token in enumerate(tokens): + + if token.type == "inline": + assert token.children is not None + result += self.renderInline(token.children, options, env) + elif token.type in self.rules: + result += self.rules[token.type](tokens, i, options, env) + else: + result += self.renderToken(tokens, i, options, env) + + return result + + def renderInline( + self, tokens: Sequence[Token], options: OptionsDict, env: MutableMapping + ) -> str: + """The same as ``render``, but for single token of `inline` type. + + :param tokens: list on block tokens to render + :param options: params of parser instance + :param env: additional data from parsed input (references, for example) + """ + result = "" + + for i, token in enumerate(tokens): + if token.type in self.rules: + result += self.rules[token.type](tokens, i, options, env) + else: + result += self.renderToken(tokens, i, options, env) + + return result + + def renderToken( + self, + tokens: Sequence[Token], + idx: int, + options: OptionsDict, + env: MutableMapping, + ) -> str: + """Default token renderer. + + Can be overridden by custom function + + :param idx: token index to render + :param options: params of parser instance + """ + result = "" + needLf = False + token = tokens[idx] + + # Tight list paragraphs + if token.hidden: + return "" + + # Insert a newline between hidden paragraph and subsequent opening + # block-level tag. + # + # For example, here we should insert a newline before blockquote: + # - a + # > + # + if token.block and token.nesting != -1 and idx and tokens[idx - 1].hidden: + result += "\n" + + # Add token name, e.g. `<img` + result += ("</" if token.nesting == -1 else "<") + token.tag + + # Encode attributes, e.g. `<img src="foo"` + result += self.renderAttrs(token) + + # Add a slash for self-closing tags, e.g. `<img src="foo" /` + if token.nesting == 0 and options["xhtmlOut"]: + result += " /" + + # Check if we need to add a newline after this tag + if token.block: + needLf = True + + if token.nesting == 1: + if idx + 1 < len(tokens): + nextToken = tokens[idx + 1] + + if nextToken.type == "inline" or nextToken.hidden: + # Block-level tag containing an inline tag. + # + needLf = False + + elif nextToken.nesting == -1 and nextToken.tag == token.tag: + # Opening tag + closing tag of the same type. E.g. `<li></li>`. + # + needLf = False + + result += ">\n" if needLf else ">" + + return result + + @staticmethod + def renderAttrs(token: Token) -> str: + """Render token attributes to string.""" + result = "" + + for key, value in token.attrItems(): + result += " " + escapeHtml(key) + '="' + escapeHtml(str(value)) + '"' + + return result + + def renderInlineAsText( + self, + tokens: Sequence[Token] | None, + options: OptionsDict, + env: MutableMapping, + ) -> str: + """Special kludge for image `alt` attributes to conform CommonMark spec. + + Don't try to use it! Spec requires to show `alt` content with stripped markup, + instead of simple escaping. + + :param tokens: list on block tokens to render + :param options: params of parser instance + :param env: additional data from parsed input + """ + result = "" + + for token in tokens or []: + if token.type == "text": + result += token.content + elif token.type == "image": + assert token.children is not None + result += self.renderInlineAsText(token.children, options, env) + elif token.type == "softbreak": + result += "\n" + + return result + + ################################################### + + def code_inline(self, tokens: Sequence[Token], idx: int, options, env) -> str: + token = tokens[idx] + return ( + "<code" + + self.renderAttrs(token) + + ">" + + escapeHtml(tokens[idx].content) + + "</code>" + ) + + def code_block( + self, + tokens: Sequence[Token], + idx: int, + options: OptionsDict, + env: MutableMapping, + ) -> str: + token = tokens[idx] + + return ( + "<pre" + + self.renderAttrs(token) + + "><code>" + + escapeHtml(tokens[idx].content) + + "</code></pre>\n" + ) + + def fence( + self, + tokens: Sequence[Token], + idx: int, + options: OptionsDict, + env: MutableMapping, + ) -> str: + token = tokens[idx] + info = unescapeAll(token.info).strip() if token.info else "" + langName = "" + langAttrs = "" + + if info: + arr = info.split(maxsplit=1) + langName = arr[0] + if len(arr) == 2: + langAttrs = arr[1] + + if options.highlight: + highlighted = options.highlight( + token.content, langName, langAttrs + ) or escapeHtml(token.content) + else: + highlighted = escapeHtml(token.content) + + if highlighted.startswith("<pre"): + return highlighted + "\n" + + # If language exists, inject class gently, without modifying original token. + # May be, one day we will add .deepClone() for token and simplify this part, but + # now we prefer to keep things local. + if info: + # Fake token just to render attributes + tmpToken = Token(type="", tag="", nesting=0, attrs=token.attrs.copy()) + tmpToken.attrJoin("class", options.langPrefix + langName) + + return ( + "<pre><code" + + self.renderAttrs(tmpToken) + + ">" + + highlighted + + "</code></pre>\n" + ) + + return ( + "<pre><code" + + self.renderAttrs(token) + + ">" + + highlighted + + "</code></pre>\n" + ) + + def image( + self, + tokens: Sequence[Token], + idx: int, + options: OptionsDict, + env: MutableMapping, + ) -> str: + token = tokens[idx] + + # "alt" attr MUST be set, even if empty. Because it's mandatory and + # should be placed on proper position for tests. + + assert ( + token.attrs and "alt" in token.attrs + ), '"image" token\'s attrs must contain `alt`' + + # Replace content with actual value + + token.attrSet("alt", self.renderInlineAsText(token.children, options, env)) + + return self.renderToken(tokens, idx, options, env) + + def hardbreak( + self, tokens: Sequence[Token], idx: int, options: OptionsDict, *args + ) -> str: + return "<br />\n" if options.xhtmlOut else "<br>\n" + + def softbreak( + self, tokens: Sequence[Token], idx: int, options: OptionsDict, *args + ) -> str: + return ( + ("<br />\n" if options.xhtmlOut else "<br>\n") if options.breaks else "\n" + ) + + def text(self, tokens: Sequence[Token], idx: int, *args) -> str: + return escapeHtml(tokens[idx].content) + + def html_block(self, tokens: Sequence[Token], idx: int, *args) -> str: + return tokens[idx].content + + def html_inline(self, tokens: Sequence[Token], idx: int, *args) -> str: + return tokens[idx].content diff --git a/markdown_it/ruler.py b/markdown_it/ruler.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..11b937a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/ruler.py @@ -0,0 +1,237 @@ +""" +class Ruler + +Helper class, used by [[MarkdownIt#core]], [[MarkdownIt#block]] and +[[MarkdownIt#inline]] to manage sequences of functions (rules): + +- keep rules in defined order +- assign the name to each rule +- enable/disable rules +- add/replace rules +- allow assign rules to additional named chains (in the same) +- caching lists of active rules + +You will not need use this class directly until write plugins. For simple +rules control use [[MarkdownIt.disable]], [[MarkdownIt.enable]] and +[[MarkdownIt.use]]. +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, MutableMapping +from dataclasses import dataclass, field +from typing import TYPE_CHECKING + +from markdown_it._compat import DATACLASS_KWARGS + +if TYPE_CHECKING: + from markdown_it import MarkdownIt + + +class StateBase: + srcCharCode: tuple[int, ...] + + def __init__(self, src: str, md: MarkdownIt, env: MutableMapping): + self.src = src + self.env = env + self.md = md + + @property + def src(self) -> str: + return self._src + + @src.setter + def src(self, value: str) -> None: + self._src = value + self.srcCharCode = tuple(ord(c) for c in self.src) + + +# The first positional arg is always a subtype of `StateBase`. Other +# arguments may or may not exist, based on the rule's type (block, +# core, inline). Return type is either `None` or `bool` based on the +# rule's type. +RuleFunc = Callable + + +@dataclass(**DATACLASS_KWARGS) +class Rule: + name: str + enabled: bool + fn: RuleFunc = field(repr=False) + alt: list[str] + + +class Ruler: + def __init__(self): + # List of added rules. + self.__rules__: list[Rule] = [] + # Cached rule chains. + # First level - chain name, '' for default. + # Second level - diginal anchor for fast filtering by charcodes. + self.__cache__: dict[str, list[RuleFunc]] | None = None + + def __find__(self, name: str) -> int: + """Find rule index by name""" + for i, rule in enumerate(self.__rules__): + if rule.name == name: + return i + return -1 + + def __compile__(self) -> None: + """Build rules lookup cache""" + chains = {""} + # collect unique names + for rule in self.__rules__: + if not rule.enabled: + continue + for name in rule.alt: + chains.add(name) + self.__cache__ = {} + for chain in chains: + self.__cache__[chain] = [] + for rule in self.__rules__: + if not rule.enabled: + continue + if chain and (chain not in rule.alt): + continue + self.__cache__[chain].append(rule.fn) + + def at(self, ruleName: str, fn: RuleFunc, options=None): + """Replace rule by name with new function & options. + + :param ruleName: rule name to replace. + :param fn: new rule function. + :param options: new rule options (not mandatory). + :raises: KeyError if name not found + """ + index = self.__find__(ruleName) + options = options or {} + if index == -1: + raise KeyError(f"Parser rule not found: {ruleName}") + self.__rules__[index].fn = fn + self.__rules__[index].alt = options.get("alt", []) + self.__cache__ = None + + def before(self, beforeName: str, ruleName: str, fn: RuleFunc, options=None): + """Add new rule to chain before one with given name. + + :param beforeName: new rule will be added before this one. + :param ruleName: new rule will be added before this one. + :param fn: new rule function. + :param options: new rule options (not mandatory). + :raises: KeyError if name not found + """ + index = self.__find__(beforeName) + options = options or {} + if index == -1: + raise KeyError(f"Parser rule not found: {beforeName}") + self.__rules__.insert(index, Rule(ruleName, True, fn, options.get("alt", []))) + self.__cache__ = None + + def after(self, afterName: str, ruleName: str, fn: RuleFunc, options=None): + """Add new rule to chain after one with given name. + + :param afterName: new rule will be added after this one. + :param ruleName: new rule will be added after this one. + :param fn: new rule function. + :param options: new rule options (not mandatory). + :raises: KeyError if name not found + """ + index = self.__find__(afterName) + options = options or {} + if index == -1: + raise KeyError(f"Parser rule not found: {afterName}") + self.__rules__.insert( + index + 1, Rule(ruleName, True, fn, options.get("alt", [])) + ) + self.__cache__ = None + + def push(self, ruleName: str, fn: RuleFunc, options=None): + """Push new rule to the end of chain. + + :param ruleName: new rule will be added to the end of chain. + :param fn: new rule function. + :param options: new rule options (not mandatory). + + """ + self.__rules__.append(Rule(ruleName, True, fn, (options or {}).get("alt", []))) + self.__cache__ = None + + def enable(self, names: str | Iterable[str], ignoreInvalid: bool = False): + """Enable rules with given names. + + :param names: name or list of rule names to enable. + :param ignoreInvalid: ignore errors when rule not found + :raises: KeyError if name not found and not ignoreInvalid + :return: list of found rule names + """ + if isinstance(names, str): + names = [names] + result = [] + for name in names: + idx = self.__find__(name) + if (idx < 0) and ignoreInvalid: + continue + if (idx < 0) and not ignoreInvalid: + raise KeyError(f"Rules manager: invalid rule name {name}") + self.__rules__[idx].enabled = True + result.append(name) + self.__cache__ = None + return result + + def enableOnly(self, names: str | Iterable[str], ignoreInvalid: bool = False): + """Enable rules with given names, and disable everything else. + + :param names: name or list of rule names to enable. + :param ignoreInvalid: ignore errors when rule not found + :raises: KeyError if name not found and not ignoreInvalid + :return: list of found rule names + """ + if isinstance(names, str): + names = [names] + for rule in self.__rules__: + rule.enabled = False + self.enable(names, ignoreInvalid) + + def disable(self, names: str | Iterable[str], ignoreInvalid: bool = False): + """Disable rules with given names. + + :param names: name or list of rule names to enable. + :param ignoreInvalid: ignore errors when rule not found + :raises: KeyError if name not found and not ignoreInvalid + :return: list of found rule names + """ + if isinstance(names, str): + names = [names] + result = [] + for name in names: + idx = self.__find__(name) + if (idx < 0) and ignoreInvalid: + continue + if (idx < 0) and not ignoreInvalid: + raise KeyError(f"Rules manager: invalid rule name {name}") + self.__rules__[idx].enabled = False + result.append(name) + self.__cache__ = None + return result + + def getRules(self, chainName: str) -> list[RuleFunc]: + """Return array of active functions (rules) for given chain name. + It analyzes rules configuration, compiles caches if not exists and returns result. + + Default chain name is `''` (empty string). It can't be skipped. + That's done intentionally, to keep signature monomorphic for high speed. + + """ + if self.__cache__ is None: + self.__compile__() + assert self.__cache__ is not None + # Chain can be empty, if rules disabled. But we still have to return Array. + return self.__cache__.get(chainName, []) or [] + + def get_all_rules(self) -> list[str]: + """Return all available rule names.""" + return [r.name for r in self.__rules__] + + def get_active_rules(self) -> list[str]: + """Return the active rule names.""" + return [r.name for r in self.__rules__ if r.enabled] diff --git a/markdown_it/rules_block/__init__.py b/markdown_it/rules_block/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bcf138d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/rules_block/__init__.py @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +__all__ = ( + "StateBlock", + "paragraph", + "heading", + "lheading", + "code", + "fence", + "hr", + "list_block", + "reference", + "blockquote", + "html_block", + "table", +) + +from .blockquote import blockquote +from .code import code +from .fence import fence +from .heading import heading +from .hr import hr +from .html_block import html_block +from .lheading import lheading +from .list import list_block +from .paragraph import paragraph +from .reference import reference +from .state_block import StateBlock +from .table import table diff --git a/markdown_it/rules_block/blockquote.py b/markdown_it/rules_block/blockquote.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6575731 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/rules_block/blockquote.py @@ -0,0 +1,299 @@ +# Block quotes +from __future__ import annotations + +import logging + +from ..common.utils import isSpace +from .state_block import StateBlock + +LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__) + + +def blockquote(state: StateBlock, startLine: int, endLine: int, silent: bool): + + LOGGER.debug( + "entering blockquote: %s, %s, %s, %s", state, startLine, endLine, silent + ) + + oldLineMax = state.lineMax + pos = state.bMarks[startLine] + state.tShift[startLine] + max = state.eMarks[startLine] + + # if it's indented more than 3 spaces, it should be a code block + if (state.sCount[startLine] - state.blkIndent) >= 4: + return False + + # check the block quote marker + if state.srcCharCode[pos] != 0x3E: # /* > */ + return False + pos += 1 + + # we know that it's going to be a valid blockquote, + # so no point trying to find the end of it in silent mode + if silent: + return True + + # set offset past spaces and ">" + initial = offset = state.sCount[startLine] + 1 + + try: + second_char_code: int | None = state.srcCharCode[pos] + except IndexError: + second_char_code = None + + # skip one optional space after '>' + if second_char_code == 0x20: # /* space */ + # ' > test ' + # ^ -- position start of line here: + pos += 1 + initial += 1 + offset += 1 + adjustTab = False + spaceAfterMarker = True + elif second_char_code == 0x09: # /* tab */ + spaceAfterMarker = True + + if (state.bsCount[startLine] + offset) % 4 == 3: + # ' >\t test ' + # ^ -- position start of line here (tab has width==1) + pos += 1 + initial += 1 + offset += 1 + adjustTab = False + else: + # ' >\t test ' + # ^ -- position start of line here + shift bsCount slightly + # to make extra space appear + adjustTab = True + + else: + spaceAfterMarker = False + + oldBMarks = [state.bMarks[startLine]] + state.bMarks[startLine] = pos + + while pos < max: + ch = state.srcCharCode[pos] + + if isSpace(ch): + if ch == 0x09: # / tab / + offset += ( + 4 + - (offset + state.bsCount[startLine] + (1 if adjustTab else 0)) % 4 + ) + else: + offset += 1 + + else: + break + + pos += 1 + + oldBSCount = [state.bsCount[startLine]] + state.bsCount[startLine] = ( + state.sCount[startLine] + 1 + (1 if spaceAfterMarker else 0) + ) + + lastLineEmpty = pos >= max + + oldSCount = [state.sCount[startLine]] + state.sCount[startLine] = offset - initial + + oldTShift = [state.tShift[startLine]] + state.tShift[startLine] = pos - state.bMarks[startLine] + + terminatorRules = state.md.block.ruler.getRules("blockquote") + + oldParentType = state.parentType + state.parentType = "blockquote" + + # Search the end of the block + # + # Block ends with either: + # 1. an empty line outside: + # ``` + # > test + # + # ``` + # 2. an empty line inside: + # ``` + # > + # test + # ``` + # 3. another tag: + # ``` + # > test + # - - - + # ``` + + # for (nextLine = startLine + 1; nextLine < endLine; nextLine++) { + nextLine = startLine + 1 + while nextLine < endLine: + + # check if it's outdented, i.e. it's inside list item and indented + # less than said list item: + # + # ``` + # 1. anything + # > current blockquote + # 2. checking this line + # ``` + isOutdented = state.sCount[nextLine] < state.blkIndent + + pos = state.bMarks[nextLine] + state.tShift[nextLine] + max = state.eMarks[nextLine] + + if pos >= max: + # Case 1: line is not inside the blockquote, and this line is empty. + break + + evaluatesTrue = state.srcCharCode[pos] == 0x3E and not isOutdented # /* > */ + pos += 1 + if evaluatesTrue: + # This line is inside the blockquote. + + # set offset past spaces and ">" + initial = offset = state.sCount[nextLine] + 1 + + try: + next_char: int | None = state.srcCharCode[pos] + except IndexError: + next_char = None + + # skip one optional space after '>' + if next_char == 0x20: # /* space */ + # ' > test ' + # ^ -- position start of line here: + pos += 1 + initial += 1 + offset += 1 + adjustTab = False + spaceAfterMarker = True + elif next_char == 0x09: # /* tab */ + spaceAfterMarker = True + + if (state.bsCount[nextLine] + offset) % 4 == 3: + # ' >\t test ' + # ^ -- position start of line here (tab has width==1) + pos += 1 + initial += 1 + offset += 1 + adjustTab = False + else: + # ' >\t test ' + # ^ -- position start of line here + shift bsCount slightly + # to make extra space appear + adjustTab = True + + else: + spaceAfterMarker = False + + oldBMarks.append(state.bMarks[nextLine]) + state.bMarks[nextLine] = pos + + while pos < max: + ch = state.srcCharCode[pos] + + if isSpace(ch): + if ch == 0x09: + offset += ( + 4 + - ( + offset + + state.bsCount[nextLine] + + (1 if adjustTab else 0) + ) + % 4 + ) + else: + offset += 1 + else: + break + + pos += 1 + + lastLineEmpty = pos >= max + + oldBSCount.append(state.bsCount[nextLine]) + state.bsCount[nextLine] = ( + state.sCount[nextLine] + 1 + (1 if spaceAfterMarker else 0) + ) + + oldSCount.append(state.sCount[nextLine]) + state.sCount[nextLine] = offset - initial + + oldTShift.append(state.tShift[nextLine]) + state.tShift[nextLine] = pos - state.bMarks[nextLine] + + nextLine += 1 + continue + + # Case 2: line is not inside the blockquote, and the last line was empty. + if lastLineEmpty: + break + + # Case 3: another tag found. + terminate = False + + for terminatorRule in terminatorRules: + if terminatorRule(state, nextLine, endLine, True): + terminate = True + break + + if terminate: + # Quirk to enforce "hard termination mode" for paragraphs; + # normally if you call `tokenize(state, startLine, nextLine)`, + # paragraphs will look below nextLine for paragraph continuation, + # but if blockquote is terminated by another tag, they shouldn't + state.lineMax = nextLine + + if state.blkIndent != 0: + # state.blkIndent was non-zero, we now set it to zero, + # so we need to re-calculate all offsets to appear as + # if indent wasn't changed + oldBMarks.append(state.bMarks[nextLine]) + oldBSCount.append(state.bsCount[nextLine]) + oldTShift.append(state.tShift[nextLine]) + oldSCount.append(state.sCount[nextLine]) + state.sCount[nextLine] -= state.blkIndent + + break + + oldBMarks.append(state.bMarks[nextLine]) + oldBSCount.append(state.bsCount[nextLine]) + oldTShift.append(state.tShift[nextLine]) + oldSCount.append(state.sCount[nextLine]) + + # A negative indentation means that this is a paragraph continuation + # + state.sCount[nextLine] = -1 + + nextLine += 1 + + oldIndent = state.blkIndent + state.blkIndent = 0 + + token = state.push("blockquote_open", "blockquote", 1) + token.markup = ">" + token.map = lines = [startLine, 0] + + state.md.block.tokenize(state, startLine, nextLine) + + token = state.push("blockquote_close", "blockquote", -1) + token.markup = ">" + + state.lineMax = oldLineMax + state.parentType = oldParentType + lines[1] = state.line + + # Restore original tShift; this might not be necessary since the parser + # has already been here, but just to make sure we can do that. + for i, item in enumerate(oldTShift): + state.bMarks[i + startLine] = oldBMarks[i] + state.tShift[i + startLine] = item + state.sCount[i + startLine] = oldSCount[i] + state.bsCount[i + startLine] = oldBSCount[i] + + state.blkIndent = oldIndent + + return True diff --git a/markdown_it/rules_block/code.py b/markdown_it/rules_block/code.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c4fdba3 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/rules_block/code.py @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +"""Code block (4 spaces padded).""" +import logging + +from .state_block import StateBlock + +LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__) + + +def code(state: StateBlock, startLine: int, endLine: int, silent: bool = False): + + LOGGER.debug("entering code: %s, %s, %s, %s", state, startLine, endLine, silent) + + if state.sCount[startLine] - state.blkIndent < 4: + return False + + last = nextLine = startLine + 1 + + while nextLine < endLine: + if state.isEmpty(nextLine): + nextLine += 1 + continue + + if state.sCount[nextLine] - state.blkIndent >= 4: + nextLine += 1 + last = nextLine + continue + + break + + state.line = last + + token = state.push("code_block", "code", 0) + token.content = state.getLines(startLine, last, 4 + state.blkIndent, False) + "\n" + token.map = [startLine, state.line] + + return True diff --git a/markdown_it/rules_block/fence.py b/markdown_it/rules_block/fence.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c4f5275 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/rules_block/fence.py @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ +# fences (``` lang, ~~~ lang) +import logging + +from .state_block import StateBlock + +LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__) + + +def fence(state: StateBlock, startLine: int, endLine: int, silent: bool): + + LOGGER.debug("entering fence: %s, %s, %s, %s", state, startLine, endLine, silent) + + haveEndMarker = False + pos = state.bMarks[startLine] + state.tShift[startLine] + maximum = state.eMarks[startLine] + + # if it's indented more than 3 spaces, it should be a code block + if state.sCount[startLine] - state.blkIndent >= 4: + return False + + if pos + 3 > maximum: + return False + + marker = state.srcCharCode[pos] + + # /* ~ */ /* ` */ + if marker != 0x7E and marker != 0x60: + return False + + # scan marker length + mem = pos + pos = state.skipChars(pos, marker) + + length = pos - mem + + if length < 3: + return False + + markup = state.src[mem:pos] + params = state.src[pos:maximum] + + # /* ` */ + if marker == 0x60: + if chr(marker) in params: + return False + + # Since start is found, we can report success here in validation mode + if silent: + return True + + # search end of block + nextLine = startLine + + while True: + nextLine += 1 + if nextLine >= endLine: + # unclosed block should be autoclosed by end of document. + # also block seems to be autoclosed by end of parent + break + + pos = mem = state.bMarks[nextLine] + state.tShift[nextLine] + maximum = state.eMarks[nextLine] + + if pos < maximum and state.sCount[nextLine] < state.blkIndent: + # non-empty line with negative indent should stop the list: + # - ``` + # test + break + + if state.srcCharCode[pos] != marker: + continue + + if state.sCount[nextLine] - state.blkIndent >= 4: + # closing fence should be indented less than 4 spaces + continue + + pos = state.skipChars(pos, marker) + + # closing code fence must be at least as long as the opening one + if pos - mem < length: + continue + + # make sure tail has spaces only + pos = state.skipSpaces(pos) + + if pos < maximum: + continue + + haveEndMarker = True + # found! + break + + # If a fence has heading spaces, they should be removed from its inner block + length = state.sCount[startLine] + + state.line = nextLine + (1 if haveEndMarker else 0) + + token = state.push("fence", "code", 0) + token.info = params + token.content = state.getLines(startLine + 1, nextLine, length, True) + token.markup = markup + token.map = [startLine, state.line] + + return True diff --git a/markdown_it/rules_block/heading.py b/markdown_it/rules_block/heading.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8d4ef3e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/rules_block/heading.py @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +""" Atex heading (#, ##, ...) """ +from __future__ import annotations + +import logging + +from ..common.utils import isSpace +from .state_block import StateBlock + +LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__) + + +def heading(state: StateBlock, startLine: int, endLine: int, silent: bool): + + LOGGER.debug("entering heading: %s, %s, %s, %s", state, startLine, endLine, silent) + + pos = state.bMarks[startLine] + state.tShift[startLine] + maximum = state.eMarks[startLine] + + # if it's indented more than 3 spaces, it should be a code block + if state.sCount[startLine] - state.blkIndent >= 4: + return False + + ch: int | None = state.srcCharCode[pos] + + # /* # */ + if ch != 0x23 or pos >= maximum: + return False + + # count heading level + level = 1 + pos += 1 + try: + ch = state.srcCharCode[pos] + except IndexError: + ch = None + # /* # */ + while ch == 0x23 and pos < maximum and level <= 6: + level += 1 + pos += 1 + try: + ch = state.srcCharCode[pos] + except IndexError: + ch = None + + if level > 6 or (pos < maximum and not isSpace(ch)): + return False + + if silent: + return True + + # Let's cut tails like ' ### ' from the end of string + + maximum = state.skipSpacesBack(maximum, pos) + tmp = state.skipCharsBack(maximum, 0x23, pos) # # + if tmp > pos and isSpace(state.srcCharCode[tmp - 1]): + maximum = tmp + + state.line = startLine + 1 + + token = state.push("heading_open", "h" + str(level), 1) + token.markup = "########"[:level] + token.map = [startLine, state.line] + + token = state.push("inline", "", 0) + token.content = state.src[pos:maximum].strip() + token.map = [startLine, state.line] + token.children = [] + + token = state.push("heading_close", "h" + str(level), -1) + token.markup = "########"[:level] + + return True diff --git a/markdown_it/rules_block/hr.py b/markdown_it/rules_block/hr.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..804cd9d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/rules_block/hr.py @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +"""Horizontal rule + +At least 3 of these characters on a line * - _ +""" +import logging + +from ..common.utils import isSpace +from .state_block import StateBlock + +LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__) + + +def hr(state: StateBlock, startLine: int, endLine: int, silent: bool): + + LOGGER.debug("entering hr: %s, %s, %s, %s", state, startLine, endLine, silent) + + pos = state.bMarks[startLine] + state.tShift[startLine] + maximum = state.eMarks[startLine] + + # if it's indented more than 3 spaces, it should be a code block + if state.sCount[startLine] - state.blkIndent >= 4: + return False + + marker = state.srcCharCode[pos] + pos += 1 + + # Check hr marker: /* * */ /* - */ /* _ */ + if marker != 0x2A and marker != 0x2D and marker != 0x5F: + return False + + # markers can be mixed with spaces, but there should be at least 3 of them + + cnt = 1 + while pos < maximum: + ch = state.srcCharCode[pos] + pos += 1 + if ch != marker and not isSpace(ch): + return False + if ch == marker: + cnt += 1 + + if cnt < 3: + return False + + if silent: + return True + + state.line = startLine + 1 + + token = state.push("hr", "hr", 0) + token.map = [startLine, state.line] + token.markup = chr(marker) * (cnt + 1) + + return True diff --git a/markdown_it/rules_block/html_block.py b/markdown_it/rules_block/html_block.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..31afab7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/rules_block/html_block.py @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ +# HTML block +from __future__ import annotations + +import logging +import re + +from ..common.html_blocks import block_names +from ..common.html_re import HTML_OPEN_CLOSE_TAG_STR +from .state_block import StateBlock + +LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__) + +# An array of opening and corresponding closing sequences for html tags, +# last argument defines whether it can terminate a paragraph or not +HTML_SEQUENCES: list[tuple[re.Pattern, re.Pattern, bool]] = [ + ( + re.compile(r"^<(script|pre|style|textarea)(?=(\s|>|$))", re.IGNORECASE), + re.compile(r"<\/(script|pre|style|textarea)>", re.IGNORECASE), + True, + ), + (re.compile(r"^<!--"), re.compile(r"-->"), True), + (re.compile(r"^<\?"), re.compile(r"\?>"), True), + (re.compile(r"^<![A-Z]"), re.compile(r">"), True), + (re.compile(r"^<!\[CDATA\["), re.compile(r"\]\]>"), True), + ( + re.compile("^</?(" + "|".join(block_names) + ")(?=(\\s|/?>|$))", re.IGNORECASE), + re.compile(r"^$"), + True, + ), + (re.compile(HTML_OPEN_CLOSE_TAG_STR + "\\s*$"), re.compile(r"^$"), False), +] + + +def html_block(state: StateBlock, startLine: int, endLine: int, silent: bool): + LOGGER.debug( + "entering html_block: %s, %s, %s, %s", state, startLine, endLine, silent + ) + pos = state.bMarks[startLine] + state.tShift[startLine] + maximum = state.eMarks[startLine] + + # if it's indented more than 3 spaces, it should be a code block + if state.sCount[startLine] - state.blkIndent >= 4: + return False + + if not state.md.options.get("html", None): + return False + + if state.srcCharCode[pos] != 0x3C: # /* < */ + return False + + lineText = state.src[pos:maximum] + + html_seq = None + for HTML_SEQUENCE in HTML_SEQUENCES: + if HTML_SEQUENCE[0].search(lineText): + html_seq = HTML_SEQUENCE + break + + if not html_seq: + return False + + if silent: + # true if this sequence can be a terminator, false otherwise + return html_seq[2] + + nextLine = startLine + 1 + + # If we are here - we detected HTML block. + # Let's roll down till block end. + if not html_seq[1].search(lineText): + while nextLine < endLine: + if state.sCount[nextLine] < state.blkIndent: + break + + pos = state.bMarks[nextLine] + state.tShift[nextLine] + maximum = state.eMarks[nextLine] + lineText = state.src[pos:maximum] + + if html_seq[1].search(lineText): + if len(lineText) != 0: + nextLine += 1 + break + nextLine += 1 + + state.line = nextLine + + token = state.push("html_block", "", 0) + token.map = [startLine, nextLine] + token.content = state.getLines(startLine, nextLine, state.blkIndent, True) + + return True diff --git a/markdown_it/rules_block/lheading.py b/markdown_it/rules_block/lheading.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f26e2af --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/rules_block/lheading.py @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +# lheading (---, ==) +import logging + +from ..ruler import Ruler +from .state_block import StateBlock + +LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__) + + +def lheading(state: StateBlock, startLine: int, endLine: int, silent: bool): + + LOGGER.debug("entering lheading: %s, %s, %s, %s", state, startLine, endLine, silent) + + level = None + nextLine = startLine + 1 + ruler: Ruler = state.md.block.ruler + terminatorRules = ruler.getRules("paragraph") + + # if it's indented more than 3 spaces, it should be a code block + if state.sCount[startLine] - state.blkIndent >= 4: + return False + + oldParentType = state.parentType + state.parentType = "paragraph" # use paragraph to match terminatorRules + + # jump line-by-line until empty one or EOF + while nextLine < endLine and not state.isEmpty(nextLine): + # this would be a code block normally, but after paragraph + # it's considered a lazy continuation regardless of what's there + if state.sCount[nextLine] - state.blkIndent > 3: + nextLine += 1 + continue + + # Check for underline in setext header + if state.sCount[nextLine] >= state.blkIndent: + pos = state.bMarks[nextLine] + state.tShift[nextLine] + maximum = state.eMarks[nextLine] + + if pos < maximum: + marker = state.srcCharCode[pos] + + # /* - */ /* = */ + if marker == 0x2D or marker == 0x3D: + pos = state.skipChars(pos, marker) + pos = state.skipSpaces(pos) + + # /* = */ + if pos >= maximum: + level = 1 if marker == 0x3D else 2 + break + + # quirk for blockquotes, this line should already be checked by that rule + if state.sCount[nextLine] < 0: + nextLine += 1 + continue + + # Some tags can terminate paragraph without empty line. + terminate = False + for terminatorRule in terminatorRules: + if terminatorRule(state, nextLine, endLine, True): + terminate = True + break + if terminate: + break + + nextLine += 1 + + if not level: + # Didn't find valid underline + return False + + content = state.getLines(startLine, nextLine, state.blkIndent, False).strip() + + state.line = nextLine + 1 + + token = state.push("heading_open", "h" + str(level), 1) + token.markup = chr(marker) + token.map = [startLine, state.line] + + token = state.push("inline", "", 0) + token.content = content + token.map = [startLine, state.line - 1] + token.children = [] + + token = state.push("heading_close", "h" + str(level), -1) + token.markup = chr(marker) + + state.parentType = oldParentType + + return True diff --git a/markdown_it/rules_block/list.py b/markdown_it/rules_block/list.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a7617ad --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/rules_block/list.py @@ -0,0 +1,344 @@ +# Lists +import logging + +from ..common.utils import isSpace +from .state_block import StateBlock + +LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__) + + +# Search `[-+*][\n ]`, returns next pos after marker on success +# or -1 on fail. +def skipBulletListMarker(state: StateBlock, startLine: int): + + pos = state.bMarks[startLine] + state.tShift[startLine] + maximum = state.eMarks[startLine] + + marker = state.srcCharCode[pos] + pos += 1 + # Check bullet /* * */ /* - */ /* + */ + if marker != 0x2A and marker != 0x2D and marker != 0x2B: + return -1 + + if pos < maximum: + ch = state.srcCharCode[pos] + + if not isSpace(ch): + # " -test " - is not a list item + return -1 + + return pos + + +# Search `\d+[.)][\n ]`, returns next pos after marker on success +# or -1 on fail. +def skipOrderedListMarker(state: StateBlock, startLine: int): + + start = state.bMarks[startLine] + state.tShift[startLine] + pos = start + maximum = state.eMarks[startLine] + + # List marker should have at least 2 chars (digit + dot) + if pos + 1 >= maximum: + return -1 + + ch = state.srcCharCode[pos] + pos += 1 + + # /* 0 */ /* 9 */ + if ch < 0x30 or ch > 0x39: + return -1 + + while True: + # EOL -> fail + if pos >= maximum: + return -1 + + ch = state.srcCharCode[pos] + pos += 1 + + # /* 0 */ /* 9 */ + if ch >= 0x30 and ch <= 0x39: + + # List marker should have no more than 9 digits + # (prevents integer overflow in browsers) + if pos - start >= 10: + return -1 + + continue + + # found valid marker: /* ) */ /* . */ + if ch == 0x29 or ch == 0x2E: + break + + return -1 + + if pos < maximum: + ch = state.srcCharCode[pos] + + if not isSpace(ch): + # " 1.test " - is not a list item + return -1 + + return pos + + +def markTightParagraphs(state: StateBlock, idx: int): + level = state.level + 2 + + i = idx + 2 + length = len(state.tokens) - 2 + while i < length: + if state.tokens[i].level == level and state.tokens[i].type == "paragraph_open": + state.tokens[i + 2].hidden = True + state.tokens[i].hidden = True + i += 2 + i += 1 + + +def list_block(state: StateBlock, startLine: int, endLine: int, silent: bool): + + LOGGER.debug("entering list: %s, %s, %s, %s", state, startLine, endLine, silent) + + isTerminatingParagraph = False + tight = True + + # if it's indented more than 3 spaces, it should be a code block + if state.sCount[startLine] - state.blkIndent >= 4: + return False + + # Special case: + # - item 1 + # - item 2 + # - item 3 + # - item 4 + # - this one is a paragraph continuation + if ( + state.listIndent >= 0 + and state.sCount[startLine] - state.listIndent >= 4 + and state.sCount[startLine] < state.blkIndent + ): + return False + + # limit conditions when list can interrupt + # a paragraph (validation mode only) + if silent and state.parentType == "paragraph": + # Next list item should still terminate previous list item + # + # This code can fail if plugins use blkIndent as well as lists, + # but I hope the spec gets fixed long before that happens. + # + if state.tShift[startLine] >= state.blkIndent: + isTerminatingParagraph = True + + # Detect list type and position after marker + posAfterMarker = skipOrderedListMarker(state, startLine) + if posAfterMarker >= 0: + isOrdered = True + start = state.bMarks[startLine] + state.tShift[startLine] + markerValue = int(state.src[start : posAfterMarker - 1]) + + # If we're starting a new ordered list right after + # a paragraph, it should start with 1. + if isTerminatingParagraph and markerValue != 1: + return False + else: + posAfterMarker = skipBulletListMarker(state, startLine) + if posAfterMarker >= 0: + isOrdered = False + else: + return False + + # If we're starting a new unordered list right after + # a paragraph, first line should not be empty. + if isTerminatingParagraph: + if state.skipSpaces(posAfterMarker) >= state.eMarks[startLine]: + return False + + # We should terminate list on style change. Remember first one to compare. + markerCharCode = state.srcCharCode[posAfterMarker - 1] + + # For validation mode we can terminate immediately + if silent: + return True + + # Start list + listTokIdx = len(state.tokens) + + if isOrdered: + token = state.push("ordered_list_open", "ol", 1) + if markerValue != 1: + token.attrs = {"start": markerValue} + + else: + token = state.push("bullet_list_open", "ul", 1) + + token.map = listLines = [startLine, 0] + token.markup = chr(markerCharCode) + + # + # Iterate list items + # + + nextLine = startLine + prevEmptyEnd = False + terminatorRules = state.md.block.ruler.getRules("list") + + oldParentType = state.parentType + state.parentType = "list" + + while nextLine < endLine: + pos = posAfterMarker + maximum = state.eMarks[nextLine] + + initial = offset = ( + state.sCount[nextLine] + + posAfterMarker + - (state.bMarks[startLine] + state.tShift[startLine]) + ) + + while pos < maximum: + ch = state.srcCharCode[pos] + + if ch == 0x09: # \t + offset += 4 - (offset + state.bsCount[nextLine]) % 4 + elif ch == 0x20: # \s + offset += 1 + else: + break + + pos += 1 + + contentStart = pos + + if contentStart >= maximum: + # trimming space in "- \n 3" case, indent is 1 here + indentAfterMarker = 1 + else: + indentAfterMarker = offset - initial + + # If we have more than 4 spaces, the indent is 1 + # (the rest is just indented code block) + if indentAfterMarker > 4: + indentAfterMarker = 1 + + # " - test" + # ^^^^^ - calculating total length of this thing + indent = initial + indentAfterMarker + + # Run subparser & write tokens + token = state.push("list_item_open", "li", 1) + token.markup = chr(markerCharCode) + token.map = itemLines = [startLine, 0] + if isOrdered: + token.info = state.src[start : posAfterMarker - 1] + + # change current state, then restore it after parser subcall + oldTight = state.tight + oldTShift = state.tShift[startLine] + oldSCount = state.sCount[startLine] + + # - example list + # ^ listIndent position will be here + # ^ blkIndent position will be here + # + oldListIndent = state.listIndent + state.listIndent = state.blkIndent + state.blkIndent = indent + + state.tight = True + state.tShift[startLine] = contentStart - state.bMarks[startLine] + state.sCount[startLine] = offset + + if contentStart >= maximum and state.isEmpty(startLine + 1): + # workaround for this case + # (list item is empty, list terminates before "foo"): + # ~~~~~~~~ + # - + # + # foo + # ~~~~~~~~ + state.line = min(state.line + 2, endLine) + else: + # NOTE in list.js this was: + # state.md.block.tokenize(state, startLine, endLine, True) + # but tokeniz does not take the final parameter + state.md.block.tokenize(state, startLine, endLine) + + # If any of list item is tight, mark list as tight + if (not state.tight) or prevEmptyEnd: + tight = False + + # Item become loose if finish with empty line, + # but we should filter last element, because it means list finish + prevEmptyEnd = (state.line - startLine) > 1 and state.isEmpty(state.line - 1) + + state.blkIndent = state.listIndent + state.listIndent = oldListIndent + state.tShift[startLine] = oldTShift + state.sCount[startLine] = oldSCount + state.tight = oldTight + + token = state.push("list_item_close", "li", -1) + token.markup = chr(markerCharCode) + + nextLine = startLine = state.line + itemLines[1] = nextLine + + if nextLine >= endLine: + break + + contentStart = state.bMarks[startLine] + + # + # Try to check if list is terminated or continued. + # + if state.sCount[nextLine] < state.blkIndent: + break + + # if it's indented more than 3 spaces, it should be a code block + if state.sCount[startLine] - state.blkIndent >= 4: + break + + # fail if terminating block found + terminate = False + for terminatorRule in terminatorRules: + if terminatorRule(state, nextLine, endLine, True): + terminate = True + break + + if terminate: + break + + # fail if list has another type + if isOrdered: + posAfterMarker = skipOrderedListMarker(state, nextLine) + if posAfterMarker < 0: + break + start = state.bMarks[nextLine] + state.tShift[nextLine] + else: + posAfterMarker = skipBulletListMarker(state, nextLine) + if posAfterMarker < 0: + break + + if markerCharCode != state.srcCharCode[posAfterMarker - 1]: + break + + # Finalize list + if isOrdered: + token = state.push("ordered_list_close", "ol", -1) + else: + token = state.push("bullet_list_close", "ul", -1) + + token.markup = chr(markerCharCode) + + listLines[1] = nextLine + state.line = nextLine + + state.parentType = oldParentType + + # mark paragraphs tight if needed + if tight: + markTightParagraphs(state, listTokIdx) + + return True diff --git a/markdown_it/rules_block/paragraph.py b/markdown_it/rules_block/paragraph.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4fee83e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/rules_block/paragraph.py @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +"""Paragraph.""" +import logging + +from ..ruler import Ruler +from .state_block import StateBlock + +LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__) + + +def paragraph(state: StateBlock, startLine: int, endLine: int, silent: bool = False): + + LOGGER.debug( + "entering paragraph: %s, %s, %s, %s", state, startLine, endLine, silent + ) + + nextLine = startLine + 1 + ruler: Ruler = state.md.block.ruler + terminatorRules = ruler.getRules("paragraph") + endLine = state.lineMax + + oldParentType = state.parentType + state.parentType = "paragraph" + + # jump line-by-line until empty one or EOF + while nextLine < endLine: + if state.isEmpty(nextLine): + break + # this would be a code block normally, but after paragraph + # it's considered a lazy continuation regardless of what's there + if state.sCount[nextLine] - state.blkIndent > 3: + nextLine += 1 + continue + + # quirk for blockquotes, this line should already be checked by that rule + if state.sCount[nextLine] < 0: + nextLine += 1 + continue + + # Some tags can terminate paragraph without empty line. + terminate = False + for terminatorRule in terminatorRules: + if terminatorRule(state, nextLine, endLine, True): + terminate = True + break + + if terminate: + break + + nextLine += 1 + + content = state.getLines(startLine, nextLine, state.blkIndent, False).strip() + + state.line = nextLine + + token = state.push("paragraph_open", "p", 1) + token.map = [startLine, state.line] + + token = state.push("inline", "", 0) + token.content = content + token.map = [startLine, state.line] + token.children = [] + + token = state.push("paragraph_close", "p", -1) + + state.parentType = oldParentType + + return True diff --git a/markdown_it/rules_block/reference.py b/markdown_it/rules_block/reference.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..35adde2 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/rules_block/reference.py @@ -0,0 +1,218 @@ +import logging + +from ..common.utils import charCodeAt, isSpace, normalizeReference +from .state_block import StateBlock + +LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__) + + +def reference(state: StateBlock, startLine, _endLine, silent): + + LOGGER.debug( + "entering reference: %s, %s, %s, %s", state, startLine, _endLine, silent + ) + + lines = 0 + pos = state.bMarks[startLine] + state.tShift[startLine] + maximum = state.eMarks[startLine] + nextLine = startLine + 1 + + # if it's indented more than 3 spaces, it should be a code block + if state.sCount[startLine] - state.blkIndent >= 4: + return False + + if state.srcCharCode[pos] != 0x5B: # /* [ */ + return False + + # Simple check to quickly interrupt scan on [link](url) at the start of line. + # Can be useful on practice: https:#github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/issues/54 + while pos < maximum: + # /* ] */ /* \ */ /* : */ + if state.srcCharCode[pos] == 0x5D and state.srcCharCode[pos - 1] != 0x5C: + if pos + 1 == maximum: + return False + if state.srcCharCode[pos + 1] != 0x3A: + return False + break + pos += 1 + + endLine = state.lineMax + + # jump line-by-line until empty one or EOF + terminatorRules = state.md.block.ruler.getRules("reference") + + oldParentType = state.parentType + state.parentType = "reference" + + while nextLine < endLine and not state.isEmpty(nextLine): + # this would be a code block normally, but after paragraph + # it's considered a lazy continuation regardless of what's there + if state.sCount[nextLine] - state.blkIndent > 3: + nextLine += 1 + continue + + # quirk for blockquotes, this line should already be checked by that rule + if state.sCount[nextLine] < 0: + nextLine += 1 + continue + + # Some tags can terminate paragraph without empty line. + terminate = False + for terminatorRule in terminatorRules: + if terminatorRule(state, nextLine, endLine, True): + terminate = True + break + + if terminate: + break + + nextLine += 1 + + string = state.getLines(startLine, nextLine, state.blkIndent, False).strip() + maximum = len(string) + + labelEnd = None + pos = 1 + while pos < maximum: + ch = charCodeAt(string, pos) + if ch == 0x5B: # /* [ */ + return False + elif ch == 0x5D: # /* ] */ + labelEnd = pos + break + elif ch == 0x0A: # /* \n */ + lines += 1 + elif ch == 0x5C: # /* \ */ + pos += 1 + if pos < maximum and charCodeAt(string, pos) == 0x0A: + lines += 1 + pos += 1 + + if ( + labelEnd is None or labelEnd < 0 or charCodeAt(string, labelEnd + 1) != 0x3A + ): # /* : */ + return False + + # [label]: destination 'title' + # ^^^ skip optional whitespace here + pos = labelEnd + 2 + while pos < maximum: + ch = charCodeAt(string, pos) + if ch == 0x0A: + lines += 1 + elif isSpace(ch): + pass + else: + break + pos += 1 + + # [label]: destination 'title' + # ^^^^^^^^^^^ parse this + res = state.md.helpers.parseLinkDestination(string, pos, maximum) + if not res.ok: + return False + + href = state.md.normalizeLink(res.str) + if not state.md.validateLink(href): + return False + + pos = res.pos + lines += res.lines + + # save cursor state, we could require to rollback later + destEndPos = pos + destEndLineNo = lines + + # [label]: destination 'title' + # ^^^ skipping those spaces + start = pos + while pos < maximum: + ch = charCodeAt(string, pos) + if ch == 0x0A: + lines += 1 + elif isSpace(ch): + pass + else: + break + pos += 1 + + # [label]: destination 'title' + # ^^^^^^^ parse this + res = state.md.helpers.parseLinkTitle(string, pos, maximum) + if pos < maximum and start != pos and res.ok: + title = res.str + pos = res.pos + lines += res.lines + else: + title = "" + pos = destEndPos + lines = destEndLineNo + + # skip trailing spaces until the rest of the line + while pos < maximum: + ch = charCodeAt(string, pos) + if not isSpace(ch): + break + pos += 1 + + if pos < maximum and charCodeAt(string, pos) != 0x0A: + if title: + # garbage at the end of the line after title, + # but it could still be a valid reference if we roll back + title = "" + pos = destEndPos + lines = destEndLineNo + while pos < maximum: + ch = charCodeAt(string, pos) + if not isSpace(ch): + break + pos += 1 + + if pos < maximum and charCodeAt(string, pos) != 0x0A: + # garbage at the end of the line + return False + + label = normalizeReference(string[1:labelEnd]) + if not label: + # CommonMark 0.20 disallows empty labels + return False + + # Reference can not terminate anything. This check is for safety only. + if silent: + return True + + if "references" not in state.env: + state.env["references"] = {} + + state.line = startLine + lines + 1 + + # note, this is not part of markdown-it JS, but is useful for renderers + if state.md.options.get("inline_definitions", False): + token = state.push("definition", "", 0) + token.meta = { + "id": label, + "title": title, + "url": href, + "label": string[1:labelEnd], + } + token.map = [startLine, state.line] + + if label not in state.env["references"]: + state.env["references"][label] = { + "title": title, + "href": href, + "map": [startLine, state.line], + } + else: + state.env.setdefault("duplicate_refs", []).append( + { + "title": title, + "href": href, + "label": label, + "map": [startLine, state.line], + } + ) + + state.parentType = oldParentType + + return True diff --git a/markdown_it/rules_block/state_block.py b/markdown_it/rules_block/state_block.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..42b8fce --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/rules_block/state_block.py @@ -0,0 +1,230 @@ +from __future__ import annotations + +from typing import TYPE_CHECKING + +from ..common.utils import isSpace +from ..ruler import StateBase +from ..token import Token + +if TYPE_CHECKING: + from markdown_it.main import MarkdownIt + + +class StateBlock(StateBase): + def __init__( + self, + src: str, + md: MarkdownIt, + env, + tokens: list[Token], + srcCharCode: tuple[int, ...] | None = None, + ): + + if srcCharCode is not None: + self._src = src + self.srcCharCode = srcCharCode + else: + self.src = src + + # link to parser instance + self.md = md + + self.env = env + + # + # Internal state variables + # + + self.tokens = tokens + + self.bMarks = [] # line begin offsets for fast jumps + self.eMarks = [] # line end offsets for fast jumps + # offsets of the first non-space characters (tabs not expanded) + self.tShift = [] + self.sCount = [] # indents for each line (tabs expanded) + + # An amount of virtual spaces (tabs expanded) between beginning + # of each line (bMarks) and real beginning of that line. + # + # It exists only as a hack because blockquotes override bMarks + # losing information in the process. + # + # It's used only when expanding tabs, you can think about it as + # an initial tab length, e.g. bsCount=21 applied to string `\t123` + # means first tab should be expanded to 4-21%4 === 3 spaces. + # + self.bsCount = [] + + # block parser variables + self.blkIndent = 0 # required block content indent (for example, if we are + # inside a list, it would be positioned after list marker) + self.line = 0 # line index in src + self.lineMax = 0 # lines count + self.tight = False # loose/tight mode for lists + self.ddIndent = -1 # indent of the current dd block (-1 if there isn't any) + self.listIndent = -1 # indent of the current list block (-1 if there isn't any) + + # can be 'blockquote', 'list', 'root', 'paragraph' or 'reference' + # used in lists to determine if they interrupt a paragraph + self.parentType = "root" + + self.level = 0 + + # renderer + self.result = "" + + # Create caches + # Generate markers. + indent_found = False + + start = pos = indent = offset = 0 + length = len(self.src) + + for pos, character in enumerate(self.srcCharCode): + if not indent_found: + if isSpace(character): + indent += 1 + + if character == 0x09: + offset += 4 - offset % 4 + else: + offset += 1 + continue + else: + indent_found = True + + if character == 0x0A or pos == length - 1: + if character != 0x0A: + pos += 1 + self.bMarks.append(start) + self.eMarks.append(pos) + self.tShift.append(indent) + self.sCount.append(offset) + self.bsCount.append(0) + + indent_found = False + indent = 0 + offset = 0 + start = pos + 1 + + # Push fake entry to simplify cache bounds checks + self.bMarks.append(length) + self.eMarks.append(length) + self.tShift.append(0) + self.sCount.append(0) + self.bsCount.append(0) + + self.lineMax = len(self.bMarks) - 1 # don't count last fake line + + def __repr__(self): + return ( + f"{self.__class__.__name__}" + f"(line={self.line},level={self.level},tokens={len(self.tokens)})" + ) + + def push(self, ttype: str, tag: str, nesting: int) -> Token: + """Push new token to "stream".""" + token = Token(ttype, tag, nesting) + token.block = True + if nesting < 0: + self.level -= 1 # closing tag + token.level = self.level + if nesting > 0: + self.level += 1 # opening tag + self.tokens.append(token) + return token + + def isEmpty(self, line: int) -> bool: + """.""" + return (self.bMarks[line] + self.tShift[line]) >= self.eMarks[line] + + def skipEmptyLines(self, from_pos: int) -> int: + """.""" + while from_pos < self.lineMax: + try: + if (self.bMarks[from_pos] + self.tShift[from_pos]) < self.eMarks[ + from_pos + ]: + break + except IndexError: + pass + from_pos += 1 + return from_pos + + def skipSpaces(self, pos: int) -> int: + """Skip spaces from given position.""" + while pos < len(self.src): + if not isSpace(self.srcCharCode[pos]): + break + pos += 1 + return pos + + def skipSpacesBack(self, pos: int, minimum: int) -> int: + """Skip spaces from given position in reverse.""" + if pos <= minimum: + return pos + while pos > minimum: + pos -= 1 + if not isSpace(self.srcCharCode[pos]): + return pos + 1 + return pos + + def skipChars(self, pos: int, code: int) -> int: + """Skip char codes from given position.""" + while pos < len(self.src): + if self.srcCharCode[pos] != code: + break + pos += 1 + return pos + + def skipCharsBack(self, pos: int, code: int, minimum: int) -> int: + """Skip char codes reverse from given position - 1.""" + if pos <= minimum: + return pos + while pos > minimum: + pos -= 1 + if code != self.srcCharCode[pos]: + return pos + 1 + return pos + + def getLines(self, begin: int, end: int, indent: int, keepLastLF: bool) -> str: + """Cut lines range from source.""" + line = begin + if begin >= end: + return "" + + queue = [""] * (end - begin) + + i = 1 + while line < end: + lineIndent = 0 + lineStart = first = self.bMarks[line] + if line + 1 < end or keepLastLF: + last = self.eMarks[line] + 1 + else: + last = self.eMarks[line] + + while (first < last) and (lineIndent < indent): + ch = self.srcCharCode[first] + if isSpace(ch): + if ch == 0x09: + lineIndent += 4 - (lineIndent + self.bsCount[line]) % 4 + else: + lineIndent += 1 + elif first - lineStart < self.tShift[line]: + lineIndent += 1 + else: + break + first += 1 + + if lineIndent > indent: + # partially expanding tabs in code blocks, e.g '\t\tfoobar' + # with indent=2 becomes ' \tfoobar' + queue[i - 1] = (" " * (lineIndent - indent)) + self.src[first:last] + else: + queue[i - 1] = self.src[first:last] + + line += 1 + i += 1 + + return "".join(queue) diff --git a/markdown_it/rules_block/table.py b/markdown_it/rules_block/table.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e3db858 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/rules_block/table.py @@ -0,0 +1,238 @@ +# GFM table, https://github.github.com/gfm/#tables-extension- +import re + +from ..common.utils import charCodeAt, isSpace +from .state_block import StateBlock + +headerLineRe = re.compile(r"^:?-+:?$") +enclosingPipesRe = re.compile(r"^\||\|$") + + +def getLine(state: StateBlock, line: int): + pos = state.bMarks[line] + state.tShift[line] + maximum = state.eMarks[line] + + # return state.src.substr(pos, max - pos) + return state.src[pos:maximum] + + +def escapedSplit(string): + result = [] + pos = 0 + max = len(string) + isEscaped = False + lastPos = 0 + current = "" + ch = charCodeAt(string, pos) + + while pos < max: + if ch == 0x7C: # /* | */ + if not isEscaped: + # pipe separating cells, '|' + result.append(current + string[lastPos:pos]) + current = "" + lastPos = pos + 1 + else: + # escaped pipe, '\|' + current += string[lastPos : pos - 1] + lastPos = pos + + isEscaped = ch == 0x5C # /* \ */ + pos += 1 + + ch = charCodeAt(string, pos) + + result.append(current + string[lastPos:]) + + return result + + +def table(state: StateBlock, startLine: int, endLine: int, silent: bool): + tbodyLines = None + + # should have at least two lines + if startLine + 2 > endLine: + return False + + nextLine = startLine + 1 + + if state.sCount[nextLine] < state.blkIndent: + return False + + # if it's indented more than 3 spaces, it should be a code block + if state.sCount[nextLine] - state.blkIndent >= 4: + return False + + # first character of the second line should be '|', '-', ':', + # and no other characters are allowed but spaces; + # basically, this is the equivalent of /^[-:|][-:|\s]*$/ regexp + + pos = state.bMarks[nextLine] + state.tShift[nextLine] + if pos >= state.eMarks[nextLine]: + return False + first_ch = state.srcCharCode[pos] + pos += 1 + if first_ch not in {0x7C, 0x2D, 0x3A}: # not in {"|", "-", ":"} + return False + + if pos >= state.eMarks[nextLine]: + return False + second_ch = state.srcCharCode[pos] + pos += 1 + # not in {"|", "-", ":"} and not space + if second_ch not in {0x7C, 0x2D, 0x3A} and not isSpace(second_ch): + return False + + # if first character is '-', then second character must not be a space + # (due to parsing ambiguity with list) + if first_ch == 0x2D and isSpace(second_ch): + return False + + while pos < state.eMarks[nextLine]: + ch = state.srcCharCode[pos] + + # /* | */ /* - */ /* : */ + if ch not in {0x7C, 0x2D, 0x3A} and not isSpace(ch): + return False + + pos += 1 + + lineText = getLine(state, startLine + 1) + + columns = lineText.split("|") + aligns = [] + for i in range(len(columns)): + t = columns[i].strip() + if not t: + # allow empty columns before and after table, but not in between columns; + # e.g. allow ` |---| `, disallow ` ---||--- ` + if i == 0 or i == len(columns) - 1: + continue + else: + return False + + if not headerLineRe.search(t): + return False + if charCodeAt(t, len(t) - 1) == 0x3A: # /* : */ + # /* : */ + aligns.append("center" if charCodeAt(t, 0) == 0x3A else "right") + elif charCodeAt(t, 0) == 0x3A: # /* : */ + aligns.append("left") + else: + aligns.append("") + + lineText = getLine(state, startLine).strip() + if "|" not in lineText: + return False + if state.sCount[startLine] - state.blkIndent >= 4: + return False + columns = escapedSplit(lineText) + if columns and columns[0] == "": + columns.pop(0) + if columns and columns[-1] == "": + columns.pop() + + # header row will define an amount of columns in the entire table, + # and align row should be exactly the same (the rest of the rows can differ) + columnCount = len(columns) + if columnCount == 0 or columnCount != len(aligns): + return False + + if silent: + return True + + oldParentType = state.parentType + state.parentType = "table" + + # use 'blockquote' lists for termination because it's + # the most similar to tables + terminatorRules = state.md.block.ruler.getRules("blockquote") + + token = state.push("table_open", "table", 1) + token.map = tableLines = [startLine, 0] + + token = state.push("thead_open", "thead", 1) + token.map = [startLine, startLine + 1] + + token = state.push("tr_open", "tr", 1) + token.map = [startLine, startLine + 1] + + for i in range(len(columns)): + token = state.push("th_open", "th", 1) + if aligns[i]: + token.attrs = {"style": "text-align:" + aligns[i]} + + token = state.push("inline", "", 0) + # note in markdown-it this map was removed in v12.0.0 however, we keep it, + # since it is helpful to propagate to children tokens + token.map = [startLine, startLine + 1] + token.content = columns[i].strip() + token.children = [] + + token = state.push("th_close", "th", -1) + + token = state.push("tr_close", "tr", -1) + token = state.push("thead_close", "thead", -1) + + nextLine = startLine + 2 + while nextLine < endLine: + if state.sCount[nextLine] < state.blkIndent: + break + + terminate = False + for i in range(len(terminatorRules)): + if terminatorRules[i](state, nextLine, endLine, True): + terminate = True + break + + if terminate: + break + lineText = getLine(state, nextLine).strip() + if not lineText: + break + if state.sCount[nextLine] - state.blkIndent >= 4: + break + columns = escapedSplit(lineText) + if columns and columns[0] == "": + columns.pop(0) + if columns and columns[-1] == "": + columns.pop() + + if nextLine == startLine + 2: + token = state.push("tbody_open", "tbody", 1) + token.map = tbodyLines = [startLine + 2, 0] + + token = state.push("tr_open", "tr", 1) + token.map = [nextLine, nextLine + 1] + + for i in range(columnCount): + token = state.push("td_open", "td", 1) + if aligns[i]: + token.attrs = {"style": "text-align:" + aligns[i]} + + token = state.push("inline", "", 0) + # note in markdown-it this map was removed in v12.0.0 however, we keep it, + # since it is helpful to propagate to children tokens + token.map = [nextLine, nextLine + 1] + try: + token.content = columns[i].strip() if columns[i] else "" + except IndexError: + token.content = "" + token.children = [] + + token = state.push("td_close", "td", -1) + + token = state.push("tr_close", "tr", -1) + + nextLine += 1 + + if tbodyLines: + token = state.push("tbody_close", "tbody", -1) + tbodyLines[1] = nextLine + + token = state.push("table_close", "table", -1) + + tableLines[1] = nextLine + state.parentType = oldParentType + state.line = nextLine + return True diff --git a/markdown_it/rules_core/__init__.py b/markdown_it/rules_core/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f80034c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/rules_core/__init__.py @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +__all__ = ( + "StateCore", + "normalize", + "block", + "inline", + "replace", + "smartquotes", + "linkify", +) + +from .block import block +from .inline import inline +from .linkify import linkify +from .normalize import normalize +from .replacements import replace +from .smartquotes import smartquotes +from .state_core import StateCore diff --git a/markdown_it/rules_core/block.py b/markdown_it/rules_core/block.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fa1c52c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/rules_core/block.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +from ..token import Token +from .state_core import StateCore + + +def block(state: StateCore) -> None: + + if state.inlineMode: + token = Token("inline", "", 0) + token.content = state.src + token.map = [0, 1] + token.children = [] + state.tokens.append(token) + else: + state.md.block.parse( + state.src, state.md, state.env, state.tokens, state.srcCharCode + ) diff --git a/markdown_it/rules_core/inline.py b/markdown_it/rules_core/inline.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c3fd0b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/rules_core/inline.py @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +from .state_core import StateCore + + +def inline(state: StateCore) -> None: + """Parse inlines""" + for token in state.tokens: + if token.type == "inline": + if token.children is None: + token.children = [] + state.md.inline.parse(token.content, state.md, state.env, token.children) diff --git a/markdown_it/rules_core/linkify.py b/markdown_it/rules_core/linkify.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..49bb4ef --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/rules_core/linkify.py @@ -0,0 +1,141 @@ +import re + +from ..common.utils import arrayReplaceAt +from ..token import Token +from .state_core import StateCore + +LINK_OPEN_RE = re.compile(r"^<a[>\s]", flags=re.IGNORECASE) +LINK_CLOSE_RE = re.compile(r"^</a\s*>", flags=re.IGNORECASE) + +HTTP_RE = re.compile(r"^http://") +MAILTO_RE = re.compile(r"^mailto:") +TEST_MAILTO_RE = re.compile(r"^mailto:", flags=re.IGNORECASE) + + +def isLinkOpen(string: str) -> bool: + return bool(LINK_OPEN_RE.search(string)) + + +def isLinkClose(string: str) -> bool: + return bool(LINK_CLOSE_RE.search(string)) + + +def linkify(state: StateCore) -> None: + blockTokens = state.tokens + + if not state.md.options.linkify: + return + + if not state.md.linkify: + raise ModuleNotFoundError("Linkify enabled but not installed.") + + for j in range(len(blockTokens)): + if blockTokens[j].type != "inline" or not state.md.linkify.pretest( + blockTokens[j].content + ): + continue + + tokens = blockTokens[j].children + + htmlLinkLevel = 0 + + # We scan from the end, to keep position when new tags added. + # Use reversed logic in links start/end match + assert tokens is not None + i = len(tokens) + while i >= 1: + i -= 1 + assert isinstance(tokens, list) + currentToken = tokens[i] + + # Skip content of markdown links + if currentToken.type == "link_close": + i -= 1 + while ( + tokens[i].level != currentToken.level + and tokens[i].type != "link_open" + ): + i -= 1 + continue + + # Skip content of html tag links + if currentToken.type == "html_inline": + if isLinkOpen(currentToken.content) and htmlLinkLevel > 0: + htmlLinkLevel -= 1 + if isLinkClose(currentToken.content): + htmlLinkLevel += 1 + if htmlLinkLevel > 0: + continue + + if currentToken.type == "text" and state.md.linkify.test( + currentToken.content + ): + text = currentToken.content + links = state.md.linkify.match(text) + + # Now split string to nodes + nodes = [] + level = currentToken.level + lastPos = 0 + + for ln in range(len(links)): + url = links[ln].url + fullUrl = state.md.normalizeLink(url) + if not state.md.validateLink(fullUrl): + continue + + urlText = links[ln].text + + # Linkifier might send raw hostnames like "example.com", where url + # starts with domain name. So we prepend http:// in those cases, + # and remove it afterwards. + if not links[ln].schema: + urlText = HTTP_RE.sub( + "", state.md.normalizeLinkText("http://" + urlText) + ) + elif links[ln].schema == "mailto:" and TEST_MAILTO_RE.search( + urlText + ): + urlText = MAILTO_RE.sub( + "", state.md.normalizeLinkText("mailto:" + urlText) + ) + else: + urlText = state.md.normalizeLinkText(urlText) + + pos = links[ln].index + + if pos > lastPos: + token = Token("text", "", 0) + token.content = text[lastPos:pos] + token.level = level + nodes.append(token) + + token = Token("link_open", "a", 1) + token.attrs = {"href": fullUrl} + token.level = level + level += 1 + token.markup = "linkify" + token.info = "auto" + nodes.append(token) + + token = Token("text", "", 0) + token.content = urlText + token.level = level + nodes.append(token) + + token = Token("link_close", "a", -1) + level -= 1 + token.level = level + token.markup = "linkify" + token.info = "auto" + nodes.append(token) + + lastPos = links[ln].last_index + + if lastPos < len(text): + token = Token("text", "", 0) + token.content = text[lastPos:] + token.level = level + nodes.append(token) + + blockTokens[j].children = tokens = arrayReplaceAt(tokens, i, nodes) diff --git a/markdown_it/rules_core/normalize.py b/markdown_it/rules_core/normalize.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bf16fd7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/rules_core/normalize.py @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +"""Normalize input string.""" +import re + +from .state_core import StateCore + +# https://spec.commonmark.org/0.29/#line-ending +NEWLINES_RE = re.compile(r"\r\n?|\n") +NULL_RE = re.compile(r"\0") + + +def normalize(state: StateCore) -> None: + + # Normalize newlines + string = NEWLINES_RE.sub("\n", state.src) + + # Replace NULL characters + string = NULL_RE.sub("\uFFFD", string) + + state.src = string diff --git a/markdown_it/rules_core/replacements.py b/markdown_it/rules_core/replacements.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..45377d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/rules_core/replacements.py @@ -0,0 +1,125 @@ +"""Simple typographic replacements + +* ``(c)``, ``(C)`` → © +* ``(tm)``, ``(TM)`` → ™ +* ``(r)``, ``(R)`` → ® +* ``(p)``, ``(P)`` → § +* ``+-`` → ± +* ``...`` → … +* ``?....`` → ?.. +* ``!....`` → !.. +* ``????????`` → ??? +* ``!!!!!`` → !!! +* ``,,,`` → , +* ``--`` → &ndash +* ``---`` → &mdash +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +import logging +import re + +from ..token import Token +from .state_core import StateCore + +LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__) + +# TODO: +# - fractionals 1/2, 1/4, 3/4 -> ½, ¼, ¾ +# - miltiplication 2 x 4 -> 2 × 4 + +RARE_RE = re.compile(r"\+-|\.\.|\?\?\?\?|!!!!|,,|--") + +# Workaround for phantomjs - need regex without /g flag, +# or root check will fail every second time +# SCOPED_ABBR_TEST_RE = r"\((c|tm|r|p)\)" + +SCOPED_ABBR_RE = re.compile(r"\((c|tm|r|p)\)", flags=re.IGNORECASE) + +PLUS_MINUS_RE = re.compile(r"\+-") + +ELLIPSIS_RE = re.compile(r"\.{2,}") + +ELLIPSIS_QUESTION_EXCLAMATION_RE = re.compile(r"([?!])…") + +QUESTION_EXCLAMATION_RE = re.compile(r"([?!]){4,}") + +COMMA_RE = re.compile(r",{2,}") + +EM_DASH_RE = re.compile(r"(^|[^-])---(?=[^-]|$)", flags=re.MULTILINE) + +EN_DASH_RE = re.compile(r"(^|\s)--(?=\s|$)", flags=re.MULTILINE) + +EN_DASH_INDENT_RE = re.compile(r"(^|[^-\s])--(?=[^-\s]|$)", flags=re.MULTILINE) + + +SCOPED_ABBR = {"c": "©", "r": "®", "p": "§", "tm": "™"} + + +def replaceFn(match: re.Match[str]): + return SCOPED_ABBR[match.group(1).lower()] + + +def replace_scoped(inlineTokens: list[Token]) -> None: + inside_autolink = 0 + + for token in inlineTokens: + if token.type == "text" and not inside_autolink: + token.content = SCOPED_ABBR_RE.sub(replaceFn, token.content) + + if token.type == "link_open" and token.info == "auto": + inside_autolink -= 1 + + if token.type == "link_close" and token.info == "auto": + inside_autolink += 1 + + +def replace_rare(inlineTokens: list[Token]) -> None: + inside_autolink = 0 + + for token in inlineTokens: + if token.type == "text" and not inside_autolink: + if RARE_RE.search(token.content): + # +- -> ± + token.content = PLUS_MINUS_RE.sub("±", token.content) + + # .., ..., ....... -> … + token.content = ELLIPSIS_RE.sub("…", token.content) + + # but ?..... & !..... -> ?.. & !.. + token.content = ELLIPSIS_QUESTION_EXCLAMATION_RE.sub( + "\\1..", token.content + ) + token.content = QUESTION_EXCLAMATION_RE.sub("\\1\\1\\1", token.content) + + # ,, ,,, ,,,, -> , + token.content = COMMA_RE.sub(",", token.content) + + # em-dash + token.content = EM_DASH_RE.sub("\\1\u2014", token.content) + + # en-dash + token.content = EN_DASH_RE.sub("\\1\u2013", token.content) + token.content = EN_DASH_INDENT_RE.sub("\\1\u2013", token.content) + + if token.type == "link_open" and token.info == "auto": + inside_autolink -= 1 + + if token.type == "link_close" and token.info == "auto": + inside_autolink += 1 + + +def replace(state: StateCore) -> None: + if not state.md.options.typographer: + return + + for token in state.tokens: + if token.type != "inline": + continue + assert token.children is not None + + if SCOPED_ABBR_RE.search(token.content): + replace_scoped(token.children) + + if RARE_RE.search(token.content): + replace_rare(token.children) diff --git a/markdown_it/rules_core/smartquotes.py b/markdown_it/rules_core/smartquotes.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..93f8be2 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/rules_core/smartquotes.py @@ -0,0 +1,202 @@ +"""Convert straight quotation marks to typographic ones +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +import re +from typing import Any + +from ..common.utils import charCodeAt, isMdAsciiPunct, isPunctChar, isWhiteSpace +from ..token import Token +from .state_core import StateCore + +QUOTE_TEST_RE = re.compile(r"['\"]") +QUOTE_RE = re.compile(r"['\"]") +APOSTROPHE = "\u2019" # ’ + + +def replaceAt(string: str, index: int, ch: str) -> str: + # When the index is negative, the behavior is different from the js version. + # But basically, the index will not be negative. + assert index >= 0 + return string[:index] + ch + string[index + 1 :] + + +def process_inlines(tokens: list[Token], state: StateCore) -> None: + stack: list[dict[str, Any]] = [] + + for i in range(len(tokens)): + token = tokens[i] + + thisLevel = token.level + + j = 0 + for j in range(len(stack))[::-1]: + if stack[j]["level"] <= thisLevel: + break + else: + # When the loop is terminated without a "break". + # Subtract 1 to get the same index as the js version. + j -= 1 + + stack = stack[: j + 1] + + if token.type != "text": + continue + + text = token.content + pos = 0 + maximum = len(text) + + while pos < maximum: + goto_outer = False + lastIndex = pos + t = QUOTE_RE.search(text[lastIndex:]) + if not t: + break + + canOpen = canClose = True + pos = t.start(0) + lastIndex + 1 + isSingle = t.group(0) == "'" + + # Find previous character, + # default to space if it's the beginning of the line + lastChar = 0x20 + + if t.start(0) + lastIndex - 1 >= 0: + lastChar = charCodeAt(text, t.start(0) + lastIndex - 1) + else: + for j in range(i)[::-1]: + # lastChar defaults to 0x20 + if tokens[j].type == "softbreak" or tokens[j].type == "hardbreak": + break + # should skip all tokens except 'text', 'html_inline' or 'code_inline' + if not tokens[j].content: + continue + + lastChar = charCodeAt(tokens[j].content, len(tokens[j].content) - 1) + break + + # Find next character, + # default to space if it's the end of the line + nextChar = 0x20 + + if pos < maximum: + nextChar = charCodeAt(text, pos) + else: + for j in range(i + 1, len(tokens)): + # nextChar defaults to 0x20 + if tokens[j].type == "softbreak" or tokens[j].type == "hardbreak": + break + # should skip all tokens except 'text', 'html_inline' or 'code_inline' + if not tokens[j].content: + continue + + nextChar = charCodeAt(tokens[j].content, 0) + break + + isLastPunctChar = isMdAsciiPunct(lastChar) or isPunctChar(chr(lastChar)) + isNextPunctChar = isMdAsciiPunct(nextChar) or isPunctChar(chr(nextChar)) + + isLastWhiteSpace = isWhiteSpace(lastChar) + isNextWhiteSpace = isWhiteSpace(nextChar) + + if isNextWhiteSpace: + canOpen = False + elif isNextPunctChar: + if not (isLastWhiteSpace or isLastPunctChar): + canOpen = False + + if isLastWhiteSpace: + canClose = False + elif isLastPunctChar: + if not (isNextWhiteSpace or isNextPunctChar): + canClose = False + + if nextChar == 0x22 and t.group(0) == '"': # 0x22: " + if lastChar >= 0x30 and lastChar <= 0x39: # 0x30: 0, 0x39: 9 + # special case: 1"" - count first quote as an inch + canClose = canOpen = False + + if canOpen and canClose: + # Replace quotes in the middle of punctuation sequence, but not + # in the middle of the words, i.e.: + # + # 1. foo " bar " baz - not replaced + # 2. foo-"-bar-"-baz - replaced + # 3. foo"bar"baz - not replaced + canOpen = isLastPunctChar + canClose = isNextPunctChar + + if not canOpen and not canClose: + # middle of word + if isSingle: + token.content = replaceAt( + token.content, t.start(0) + lastIndex, APOSTROPHE + ) + continue + + if canClose: + # this could be a closing quote, rewind the stack to get a match + for j in range(len(stack))[::-1]: + item = stack[j] + if stack[j]["level"] < thisLevel: + break + if item["single"] == isSingle and stack[j]["level"] == thisLevel: + item = stack[j] + + if isSingle: + openQuote = state.md.options.quotes[2] + closeQuote = state.md.options.quotes[3] + else: + openQuote = state.md.options.quotes[0] + closeQuote = state.md.options.quotes[1] + + # replace token.content *before* tokens[item.token].content, + # because, if they are pointing at the same token, replaceAt + # could mess up indices when quote length != 1 + token.content = replaceAt( + token.content, t.start(0) + lastIndex, closeQuote + ) + tokens[item["token"]].content = replaceAt( + tokens[item["token"]].content, item["pos"], openQuote + ) + + pos += len(closeQuote) - 1 + if item["token"] == i: + pos += len(openQuote) - 1 + + text = token.content + maximum = len(text) + + stack = stack[:j] + goto_outer = True + break + if goto_outer: + goto_outer = False + continue + + if canOpen: + stack.append( + { + "token": i, + "pos": t.start(0) + lastIndex, + "single": isSingle, + "level": thisLevel, + } + ) + elif canClose and isSingle: + token.content = replaceAt( + token.content, t.start(0) + lastIndex, APOSTROPHE + ) + + +def smartquotes(state: StateCore) -> None: + if not state.md.options.typographer: + return + + for token in state.tokens: + + if token.type != "inline" or not QUOTE_RE.search(token.content): + continue + assert token.children is not None + process_inlines(token.children, state) diff --git a/markdown_it/rules_core/state_core.py b/markdown_it/rules_core/state_core.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..15b7c60 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/rules_core/state_core.py @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +from __future__ import annotations + +from collections.abc import MutableMapping +from typing import TYPE_CHECKING + +from ..ruler import StateBase +from ..token import Token + +if TYPE_CHECKING: + from markdown_it import MarkdownIt + + +class StateCore(StateBase): + def __init__( + self, + src: str, + md: MarkdownIt, + env: MutableMapping, + tokens: list[Token] | None = None, + ): + self.src = src + self.md = md # link to parser instance + self.env = env + self.tokens: list[Token] = tokens or [] + self.inlineMode = False diff --git a/markdown_it/rules_inline/__init__.py b/markdown_it/rules_inline/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f27907c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/rules_inline/__init__.py @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +__all__ = ( + "StateInline", + "text", + "text_collapse", + "link_pairs", + "escape", + "newline", + "backtick", + "emphasis", + "image", + "link", + "autolink", + "entity", + "html_inline", + "strikethrough", +) +from . import emphasis, strikethrough +from .autolink import autolink +from .backticks import backtick +from .balance_pairs import link_pairs +from .entity import entity +from .escape import escape +from .html_inline import html_inline +from .image import image +from .link import link +from .newline import newline +from .state_inline import StateInline +from .text import text +from .text_collapse import text_collapse diff --git a/markdown_it/rules_inline/autolink.py b/markdown_it/rules_inline/autolink.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a4ee61c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/rules_inline/autolink.py @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +# Process autolinks '<protocol:...>' +import re + +from .state_inline import StateInline + +EMAIL_RE = re.compile( + r"^([a-zA-Z0-9.!#$%&\'*+\/=?^_`{|}~-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?(?:\.[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?)*)$" # noqa: E501 +) +AUTOLINK_RE = re.compile(r"^([a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+.\-]{1,31}):([^<>\x00-\x20]*)$") + + +def autolink(state: StateInline, silent: bool) -> bool: + + pos = state.pos + + if state.srcCharCode[pos] != 0x3C: # /* < */ + return False + + start = state.pos + maximum = state.posMax + + while True: + pos += 1 + if pos >= maximum: + return False + + ch = state.srcCharCode[pos] + + if ch == 0x3C: # /* < */ + return False + if ch == 0x3E: # /* > */ + break + + url = state.src[start + 1 : pos] + + if AUTOLINK_RE.search(url) is not None: + fullUrl = state.md.normalizeLink(url) + if not state.md.validateLink(fullUrl): + return False + + if not silent: + token = state.push("link_open", "a", 1) + token.attrs = {"href": fullUrl} + token.markup = "autolink" + token.info = "auto" + + token = state.push("text", "", 0) + token.content = state.md.normalizeLinkText(url) + + token = state.push("link_close", "a", -1) + token.markup = "autolink" + token.info = "auto" + + state.pos += len(url) + 2 + return True + + if EMAIL_RE.search(url) is not None: + fullUrl = state.md.normalizeLink("mailto:" + url) + if not state.md.validateLink(fullUrl): + return False + + if not silent: + token = state.push("link_open", "a", 1) + token.attrs = {"href": fullUrl} + token.markup = "autolink" + token.info = "auto" + + token = state.push("text", "", 0) + token.content = state.md.normalizeLinkText(url) + + token = state.push("link_close", "a", -1) + token.markup = "autolink" + token.info = "auto" + + state.pos += len(url) + 2 + return True + + return False diff --git a/markdown_it/rules_inline/backticks.py b/markdown_it/rules_inline/backticks.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7bff12f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/rules_inline/backticks.py @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +# Parse backticks +import re + +from .state_inline import StateInline + +regex = re.compile("^ (.+) $") + + +def backtick(state: StateInline, silent: bool) -> bool: + + pos = state.pos + ch = state.srcCharCode[pos] + + # /* ` */ + if ch != 0x60: + return False + + start = pos + pos += 1 + maximum = state.posMax + + # scan marker length + while pos < maximum and (state.srcCharCode[pos] == 0x60): # /* ` */ + pos += 1 + + marker = state.src[start:pos] + openerLength = len(marker) + + if state.backticksScanned and state.backticks.get(openerLength, 0) <= start: + if not silent: + state.pending += marker + state.pos += openerLength + return True + + matchStart = matchEnd = pos + + # Nothing found in the cache, scan until the end of the line (or until marker is found) + while True: + try: + matchStart = state.src.index("`", matchEnd) + except ValueError: + break + matchEnd = matchStart + 1 + + # scan marker length + while matchEnd < maximum and (state.srcCharCode[matchEnd] == 0x60): # /* ` */ + matchEnd += 1 + + closerLength = matchEnd - matchStart + + if closerLength == openerLength: + # Found matching closer length. + if not silent: + token = state.push("code_inline", "code", 0) + token.markup = marker + token.content = state.src[pos:matchStart].replace("\n", " ") + if ( + token.content.startswith(" ") + and token.content.endswith(" ") + and len(token.content.strip()) > 0 + ): + token.content = token.content[1:-1] + state.pos = matchEnd + return True + + # Some different length found, put it in cache as upper limit of where closer can be found + state.backticks[closerLength] = matchStart + + # Scanned through the end, didn't find anything + state.backticksScanned = True + + if not silent: + state.pending += marker + state.pos += openerLength + return True diff --git a/markdown_it/rules_inline/balance_pairs.py b/markdown_it/rules_inline/balance_pairs.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..db622f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/rules_inline/balance_pairs.py @@ -0,0 +1,114 @@ +# For each opening emphasis-like marker find a matching closing one +# +from .state_inline import StateInline + + +def processDelimiters(state: StateInline, delimiters, *args): + + openersBottom = {} + maximum = len(delimiters) + + closerIdx = 0 + while closerIdx < maximum: + closer = delimiters[closerIdx] + + # Length is only used for emphasis-specific "rule of 3", + # if it's not defined (in strikethrough or 3rd party plugins), + # we can default it to 0 to disable those checks. + # + closer.length = closer.length or 0 + + if not closer.close: + closerIdx += 1 + continue + + # Previously calculated lower bounds (previous fails) + # for each marker, each delimiter length modulo 3, + # and for whether this closer can be an opener; + # https://github.com/commonmark/cmark/commit/34250e12ccebdc6372b8b49c44fab57c72443460 + if closer.marker not in openersBottom: + openersBottom[closer.marker] = [-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1] + + minOpenerIdx = openersBottom[closer.marker][ + (3 if closer.open else 0) + (closer.length % 3) + ] + + openerIdx = closerIdx - closer.jump - 1 + + # avoid crash if `closer.jump` is pointing outside of the array, + # e.g. for strikethrough + if openerIdx < -1: + openerIdx = -1 + + newMinOpenerIdx = openerIdx + + while openerIdx > minOpenerIdx: + opener = delimiters[openerIdx] + + if opener.marker != closer.marker: + openerIdx -= opener.jump + 1 + continue + + if opener.open and opener.end < 0: + + isOddMatch = False + + # from spec: + # + # If one of the delimiters can both open and close emphasis, then the + # sum of the lengths of the delimiter runs containing the opening and + # closing delimiters must not be a multiple of 3 unless both lengths + # are multiples of 3. + # + if opener.close or closer.open: + if (opener.length + closer.length) % 3 == 0: + if opener.length % 3 != 0 or closer.length % 3 != 0: + isOddMatch = True + + if not isOddMatch: + # If previous delimiter cannot be an opener, we can safely skip + # the entire sequence in future checks. This is required to make + # sure algorithm has linear complexity (see *_*_*_*_*_... case). + # + if openerIdx > 0 and not delimiters[openerIdx - 1].open: + lastJump = delimiters[openerIdx - 1].jump + 1 + else: + lastJump = 0 + + closer.jump = closerIdx - openerIdx + lastJump + closer.open = False + opener.end = closerIdx + opener.jump = lastJump + opener.close = False + newMinOpenerIdx = -1 + break + + openerIdx -= opener.jump + 1 + + if newMinOpenerIdx != -1: + # If match for this delimiter run failed, we want to set lower bound for + # future lookups. This is required to make sure algorithm has linear + # complexity. + # + # See details here: + # https:#github.com/commonmark/cmark/issues/178#issuecomment-270417442 + # + openersBottom[closer.marker][ + (3 if closer.open else 0) + ((closer.length or 0) % 3) + ] = newMinOpenerIdx + + closerIdx += 1 + + +def link_pairs(state: StateInline) -> None: + tokens_meta = state.tokens_meta + maximum = len(state.tokens_meta) + + processDelimiters(state, state.delimiters) + + curr = 0 + while curr < maximum: + curr_meta = tokens_meta[curr] + if curr_meta and "delimiters" in curr_meta: + processDelimiters(state, curr_meta["delimiters"]) + curr += 1 diff --git a/markdown_it/rules_inline/emphasis.py b/markdown_it/rules_inline/emphasis.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9001b09 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/rules_inline/emphasis.py @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +# Process *this* and _that_ +# + +from .state_inline import Delimiter, StateInline + + +def tokenize(state: StateInline, silent: bool): + """Insert each marker as a separate text token, and add it to delimiter list""" + start = state.pos + marker = state.srcCharCode[start] + + if silent: + return False + + # /* _ */ /* * */ + if marker != 0x5F and marker != 0x2A: + return False + + scanned = state.scanDelims(state.pos, marker == 0x2A) + + for i in range(scanned.length): + token = state.push("text", "", 0) + token.content = chr(marker) + state.delimiters.append( + Delimiter( + marker=marker, + length=scanned.length, + jump=i, + token=len(state.tokens) - 1, + end=-1, + open=scanned.can_open, + close=scanned.can_close, + ) + ) + + state.pos += scanned.length + + return True + + +def _postProcess(state, delimiters): + + i = len(delimiters) - 1 + while i >= 0: + startDelim = delimiters[i] + + # /* _ */ /* * */ + if startDelim.marker != 0x5F and startDelim.marker != 0x2A: + i -= 1 + continue + + # Process only opening markers + if startDelim.end == -1: + i -= 1 + continue + + endDelim = delimiters[startDelim.end] + + # If the previous delimiter has the same marker and is adjacent to this one, + # merge those into one strong delimiter. + # + # `<em><em>whatever</em></em>` -> `<strong>whatever</strong>` + # + isStrong = ( + i > 0 + and delimiters[i - 1].end == startDelim.end + 1 + and delimiters[i - 1].token == startDelim.token - 1 + and delimiters[startDelim.end + 1].token == endDelim.token + 1 + and delimiters[i - 1].marker == startDelim.marker + ) + + ch = chr(startDelim.marker) + + token = state.tokens[startDelim.token] + token.type = "strong_open" if isStrong else "em_open" + token.tag = "strong" if isStrong else "em" + token.nesting = 1 + token.markup = ch + ch if isStrong else ch + token.content = "" + + token = state.tokens[endDelim.token] + token.type = "strong_close" if isStrong else "em_close" + token.tag = "strong" if isStrong else "em" + token.nesting = -1 + token.markup = ch + ch if isStrong else ch + token.content = "" + + if isStrong: + state.tokens[delimiters[i - 1].token].content = "" + state.tokens[delimiters[startDelim.end + 1].token].content = "" + i -= 1 + + i -= 1 + + +def postProcess(state: StateInline): + """Walk through delimiter list and replace text tokens with tags.""" + _postProcess(state, state.delimiters) + + for token in state.tokens_meta: + if token and "delimiters" in token: + _postProcess(state, token["delimiters"]) diff --git a/markdown_it/rules_inline/entity.py b/markdown_it/rules_inline/entity.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..883a966 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/rules_inline/entity.py @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +# Process html entity - {, ¯, ", ... +import re + +from ..common.entities import entities +from ..common.utils import fromCodePoint, isValidEntityCode +from .state_inline import StateInline + +DIGITAL_RE = re.compile(r"^&#((?:x[a-f0-9]{1,6}|[0-9]{1,7}));", re.IGNORECASE) +NAMED_RE = re.compile(r"^&([a-z][a-z0-9]{1,31});", re.IGNORECASE) + + +def entity(state: StateInline, silent: bool): + + pos = state.pos + maximum = state.posMax + + if state.srcCharCode[pos] != 0x26: # /* & */ + return False + + if (pos + 1) < maximum: + ch = state.srcCharCode[pos + 1] + + if ch == 0x23: # /* # */ + match = DIGITAL_RE.search(state.src[pos:]) + if match: + if not silent: + match1 = match.group(1) + code = ( + int(match1[1:], 16) + if match1[0].lower() == "x" + else int(match1, 10) + ) + state.pending += ( + fromCodePoint(code) + if isValidEntityCode(code) + else fromCodePoint(0xFFFD) + ) + + state.pos += len(match.group(0)) + return True + + else: + match = NAMED_RE.search(state.src[pos:]) + if match: + if match.group(1) in entities: + if not silent: + state.pending += entities[match.group(1)] + state.pos += len(match.group(0)) + return True + + if not silent: + state.pending += "&" + state.pos += 1 + return True diff --git a/markdown_it/rules_inline/escape.py b/markdown_it/rules_inline/escape.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..36bd040 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/rules_inline/escape.py @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +""" +Process escaped chars and hardbreaks +""" +from ..common.utils import isSpace +from .state_inline import StateInline + +ESCAPED = [0 for _ in range(256)] +for ch in "\\!\"#$%&'()*+,./:;<=>?@[]^_`{|}~-": + ESCAPED[ord(ch)] = 1 + + +def escape(state: StateInline, silent: bool): + pos = state.pos + maximum = state.posMax + + # /* \ */ + if state.srcCharCode[pos] != 0x5C: + return False + + pos += 1 + + if pos < maximum: + ch = state.srcCharCode[pos] + + if ch < 256 and ESCAPED[ch] != 0: + if not silent: + state.pending += state.src[pos] + state.pos += 2 + return True + + if ch == 0x0A: + if not silent: + state.push("hardbreak", "br", 0) + + pos += 1 + # skip leading whitespaces from next line + while pos < maximum: + ch = state.srcCharCode[pos] + if not isSpace(ch): + break + pos += 1 + + state.pos = pos + return True + + if not silent: + state.pending += "\\" + state.pos += 1 + return True diff --git a/markdown_it/rules_inline/html_inline.py b/markdown_it/rules_inline/html_inline.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..295cc5c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/rules_inline/html_inline.py @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +# Process html tags +from ..common.html_re import HTML_TAG_RE +from .state_inline import StateInline + + +def isLetter(ch: int): + lc = ch | 0x20 # to lower case + # /* a */ and /* z */ + return (lc >= 0x61) and (lc <= 0x7A) + + +def html_inline(state: StateInline, silent: bool): + + pos = state.pos + + if not state.md.options.get("html", None): + return False + + # Check start + maximum = state.posMax + if state.srcCharCode[pos] != 0x3C or pos + 2 >= maximum: # /* < */ + return False + + # Quick fail on second char + ch = state.srcCharCode[pos + 1] + if ( + ch != 0x21 + and ch != 0x3F # /* ! */ + and ch != 0x2F # /* ? */ + and not isLetter(ch) # /* / */ + ): + return False + + match = HTML_TAG_RE.search(state.src[pos:]) + if not match: + return False + + if not silent: + token = state.push("html_inline", "", 0) + token.content = state.src[pos : pos + len(match.group(0))] + + state.pos += len(match.group(0)) + return True diff --git a/markdown_it/rules_inline/image.py b/markdown_it/rules_inline/image.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d2a08d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/rules_inline/image.py @@ -0,0 +1,151 @@ +# Process  +from __future__ import annotations + +from ..common.utils import isSpace, normalizeReference +from ..token import Token +from .state_inline import StateInline + + +def image(state: StateInline, silent: bool): + + label = None + href = "" + oldPos = state.pos + max = state.posMax + + # /* ! */ + if state.srcCharCode[state.pos] != 0x21: + return False + # /* [ */ + if state.pos + 1 < state.posMax and state.srcCharCode[state.pos + 1] != 0x5B: + return False + + labelStart = state.pos + 2 + labelEnd = state.md.helpers.parseLinkLabel(state, state.pos + 1, False) + + # parser failed to find ']', so it's not a valid link + if labelEnd < 0: + return False + + pos = labelEnd + 1 + # /* ( */ + if pos < max and state.srcCharCode[pos] == 0x28: + # + # Inline link + # + + # [link]( <href> "title" ) + # ^^ skipping these spaces + pos += 1 + while pos < max: + code = state.srcCharCode[pos] + if not isSpace(code) and code != 0x0A: + break + pos += 1 + + if pos >= max: + return False + + # [link]( <href> "title" ) + # ^^^^^^ parsing link destination + start = pos + res = state.md.helpers.parseLinkDestination(state.src, pos, state.posMax) + if res.ok: + href = state.md.normalizeLink(res.str) + if state.md.validateLink(href): + pos = res.pos + else: + href = "" + + # [link]( <href> "title" ) + # ^^ skipping these spaces + start = pos + while pos < max: + code = state.srcCharCode[pos] + if not isSpace(code) and code != 0x0A: + break + pos += 1 + + # [link]( <href> "title" ) + # ^^^^^^^ parsing link title + res = state.md.helpers.parseLinkTitle(state.src, pos, state.posMax) + if pos < max and start != pos and res.ok: + title = res.str + pos = res.pos + + # [link]( <href> "title" ) + # ^^ skipping these spaces + while pos < max: + code = state.srcCharCode[pos] + if not isSpace(code) and code != 0x0A: + break + pos += 1 + else: + title = "" + + # /* ) */ + if pos >= max or state.srcCharCode[pos] != 0x29: + state.pos = oldPos + return False + + pos += 1 + + else: + # + # Link reference + # + if "references" not in state.env: + return False + + # /* [ */ + if pos < max and state.srcCharCode[pos] == 0x5B: + start = pos + 1 + pos = state.md.helpers.parseLinkLabel(state, pos) + if pos >= 0: + label = state.src[start:pos] + pos += 1 + else: + pos = labelEnd + 1 + else: + pos = labelEnd + 1 + + # covers label == '' and label == undefined + # (collapsed reference link and shortcut reference link respectively) + if not label: + label = state.src[labelStart:labelEnd] + + label = normalizeReference(label) + + ref = state.env["references"].get(label, None) + if not ref: + state.pos = oldPos + return False + + href = ref["href"] + title = ref["title"] + + # + # We found the end of the link, and know for a fact it's a valid link + # so all that's left to do is to call tokenizer. + # + if not silent: + content = state.src[labelStart:labelEnd] + + tokens: list[Token] = [] + state.md.inline.parse(content, state.md, state.env, tokens) + + token = state.push("image", "img", 0) + token.attrs = {"src": href, "alt": ""} + token.children = tokens or None + token.content = content + + if title: + token.attrSet("title", title) + + # note, this is not part of markdown-it JS, but is useful for renderers + if label and state.md.options.get("store_labels", False): + token.meta["label"] = label + + state.pos = pos + state.posMax = max + return True diff --git a/markdown_it/rules_inline/link.py b/markdown_it/rules_inline/link.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2394d6c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/rules_inline/link.py @@ -0,0 +1,150 @@ +# Process [link](<to> "stuff") + +from ..common.utils import isSpace, normalizeReference +from .state_inline import StateInline + + +def link(state: StateInline, silent: bool): + + href = "" + title = "" + label = None + oldPos = state.pos + maximum = state.posMax + start = state.pos + parseReference = True + + if state.srcCharCode[state.pos] != 0x5B: # /* [ */ + return False + + labelStart = state.pos + 1 + labelEnd = state.md.helpers.parseLinkLabel(state, state.pos, True) + + # parser failed to find ']', so it's not a valid link + if labelEnd < 0: + return False + + pos = labelEnd + 1 + + if pos < maximum and state.srcCharCode[pos] == 0x28: # /* ( */ + # + # Inline link + # + + # might have found a valid shortcut link, disable reference parsing + parseReference = False + + # [link]( <href> "title" ) + # ^^ skipping these spaces + pos += 1 + while pos < maximum: + code = state.srcCharCode[pos] + if not isSpace(code) and code != 0x0A: + break + pos += 1 + + if pos >= maximum: + return False + + # [link]( <href> "title" ) + # ^^^^^^ parsing link destination + start = pos + res = state.md.helpers.parseLinkDestination(state.src, pos, state.posMax) + if res.ok: + href = state.md.normalizeLink(res.str) + if state.md.validateLink(href): + pos = res.pos + else: + href = "" + + # [link]( <href> "title" ) + # ^^ skipping these spaces + start = pos + while pos < maximum: + code = state.srcCharCode[pos] + if not isSpace(code) and code != 0x0A: + break + pos += 1 + + # [link]( <href> "title" ) + # ^^^^^^^ parsing link title + res = state.md.helpers.parseLinkTitle(state.src, pos, state.posMax) + if pos < maximum and start != pos and res.ok: + title = res.str + pos = res.pos + + # [link]( <href> "title" ) + # ^^ skipping these spaces + while pos < maximum: + code = state.srcCharCode[pos] + if not isSpace(code) and code != 0x0A: + break + pos += 1 + + if pos >= maximum or state.srcCharCode[pos] != 0x29: # /* ) */ + # parsing a valid shortcut link failed, fallback to reference + parseReference = True + + pos += 1 + + if parseReference: + # + # Link reference + # + if "references" not in state.env: + return False + + if pos < maximum and state.srcCharCode[pos] == 0x5B: # /* [ */ + start = pos + 1 + pos = state.md.helpers.parseLinkLabel(state, pos) + if pos >= 0: + label = state.src[start:pos] + pos += 1 + else: + pos = labelEnd + 1 + + else: + pos = labelEnd + 1 + + # covers label == '' and label == undefined + # (collapsed reference link and shortcut reference link respectively) + if not label: + label = state.src[labelStart:labelEnd] + + label = normalizeReference(label) + + ref = ( + state.env["references"][label] if label in state.env["references"] else None + ) + if not ref: + state.pos = oldPos + return False + + href = ref["href"] + title = ref["title"] + + # + # We found the end of the link, and know for a fact it's a valid link + # so all that's left to do is to call tokenizer. + # + if not silent: + state.pos = labelStart + state.posMax = labelEnd + + token = state.push("link_open", "a", 1) + token.attrs = {"href": href} + + if title: + token.attrSet("title", title) + + # note, this is not part of markdown-it JS, but is useful for renderers + if label and state.md.options.get("store_labels", False): + token.meta["label"] = label + + state.md.inline.tokenize(state) + + token = state.push("link_close", "a", -1) + + state.pos = pos + state.posMax = maximum + return True diff --git a/markdown_it/rules_inline/newline.py b/markdown_it/rules_inline/newline.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3034e40 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/rules_inline/newline.py @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +# Proceess '\n' +import re + +from ..common.utils import charCodeAt, isSpace +from .state_inline import StateInline + +endSpace = re.compile(r" +$") + + +def newline(state: StateInline, silent: bool): + pos = state.pos + + # /* \n */ + if state.srcCharCode[pos] != 0x0A: + return False + + pmax = len(state.pending) - 1 + maximum = state.posMax + + # ' \n' -> hardbreak + # Lookup in pending chars is bad practice! Don't copy to other rules! + # Pending string is stored in concat mode, indexed lookups will cause + # conversion to flat mode. + if not silent: + if pmax >= 0 and charCodeAt(state.pending, pmax) == 0x20: + if pmax >= 1 and charCodeAt(state.pending, pmax - 1) == 0x20: + state.pending = endSpace.sub("", state.pending) + state.push("hardbreak", "br", 0) + else: + state.pending = state.pending[:-1] + state.push("softbreak", "br", 0) + + else: + state.push("softbreak", "br", 0) + + pos += 1 + + # skip heading spaces for next line + while pos < maximum and isSpace(state.srcCharCode[pos]): + pos += 1 + + state.pos = pos + return True diff --git a/markdown_it/rules_inline/state_inline.py b/markdown_it/rules_inline/state_inline.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..283532c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/rules_inline/state_inline.py @@ -0,0 +1,175 @@ +from __future__ import annotations + +from collections import namedtuple +from collections.abc import MutableMapping +from dataclasses import dataclass +from typing import TYPE_CHECKING + +from .._compat import DATACLASS_KWARGS +from ..common.utils import isMdAsciiPunct, isPunctChar, isWhiteSpace +from ..ruler import StateBase +from ..token import Token + +if TYPE_CHECKING: + from markdown_it import MarkdownIt + + +@dataclass(**DATACLASS_KWARGS) +class Delimiter: + # Char code of the starting marker (number). + marker: int + + # Total length of these series of delimiters. + length: int + + # An amount of characters before this one that's equivalent to + # current one. In plain English: if this delimiter does not open + # an emphasis, neither do previous `jump` characters. + # + # Used to skip sequences like "*****" in one step, for 1st asterisk + # value will be 0, for 2nd it's 1 and so on. + jump: int + + # A position of the token this delimiter corresponds to. + token: int + + # If this delimiter is matched as a valid opener, `end` will be + # equal to its position, otherwise it's `-1`. + end: int + + # Boolean flags that determine if this delimiter could open or close + # an emphasis. + open: bool + close: bool + + level: bool | None = None + + +Scanned = namedtuple("Scanned", ["can_open", "can_close", "length"]) + + +class StateInline(StateBase): + def __init__( + self, src: str, md: MarkdownIt, env: MutableMapping, outTokens: list[Token] + ): + self.src = src + self.env = env + self.md = md + self.tokens = outTokens + self.tokens_meta: list[dict | None] = [None] * len(outTokens) + + self.pos = 0 + self.posMax = len(self.src) + self.level = 0 + self.pending = "" + self.pendingLevel = 0 + + # Stores { start: end } pairs. Useful for backtrack + # optimization of pairs parse (emphasis, strikes). + self.cache: dict[int, int] = {} + + # List of emphasis-like delimiters for current tag + self.delimiters: list[Delimiter] = [] + + # Stack of delimiter lists for upper level tags + self._prev_delimiters: list[list[Delimiter]] = [] + + # backticklength => last seen position + self.backticks: dict[int, int] = {} + self.backticksScanned = False + + def __repr__(self): + return ( + f"{self.__class__.__name__}" + f"(pos=[{self.pos} of {self.posMax}], token={len(self.tokens)})" + ) + + def pushPending(self): + token = Token("text", "", 0) + token.content = self.pending + token.level = self.pendingLevel + self.tokens.append(token) + self.pending = "" + return token + + def push(self, ttype, tag, nesting): + """Push new token to "stream". + If pending text exists - flush it as text token + """ + if self.pending: + self.pushPending() + + token = Token(ttype, tag, nesting) + token_meta = None + + if nesting < 0: + # closing tag + self.level -= 1 + self.delimiters = self._prev_delimiters.pop() + + token.level = self.level + + if nesting > 0: + # opening tag + self.level += 1 + self._prev_delimiters.append(self.delimiters) + self.delimiters = [] + token_meta = {"delimiters": self.delimiters} + + self.pendingLevel = self.level + self.tokens.append(token) + self.tokens_meta.append(token_meta) + return token + + def scanDelims(self, start, canSplitWord): + """ + Scan a sequence of emphasis-like markers, and determine whether + it can start an emphasis sequence or end an emphasis sequence. + + - start - position to scan from (it should point at a valid marker); + - canSplitWord - determine if these markers can be found inside a word + + """ + pos = start + left_flanking = True + right_flanking = True + maximum = self.posMax + marker = self.srcCharCode[start] + + # treat beginning of the line as a whitespace + lastChar = self.srcCharCode[start - 1] if start > 0 else 0x20 + + while pos < maximum and self.srcCharCode[pos] == marker: + pos += 1 + + count = pos - start + + # treat end of the line as a whitespace + nextChar = self.srcCharCode[pos] if pos < maximum else 0x20 + + isLastPunctChar = isMdAsciiPunct(lastChar) or isPunctChar(chr(lastChar)) + isNextPunctChar = isMdAsciiPunct(nextChar) or isPunctChar(chr(nextChar)) + + isLastWhiteSpace = isWhiteSpace(lastChar) + isNextWhiteSpace = isWhiteSpace(nextChar) + + if isNextWhiteSpace: + left_flanking = False + elif isNextPunctChar: + if not (isLastWhiteSpace or isLastPunctChar): + left_flanking = False + + if isLastWhiteSpace: + right_flanking = False + elif isLastPunctChar: + if not (isNextWhiteSpace or isNextPunctChar): + right_flanking = False + + if not canSplitWord: + can_open = left_flanking and ((not right_flanking) or isLastPunctChar) + can_close = right_flanking and ((not left_flanking) or isNextPunctChar) + else: + can_open = left_flanking + can_close = right_flanking + + return Scanned(can_open, can_close, count) diff --git a/markdown_it/rules_inline/strikethrough.py b/markdown_it/rules_inline/strikethrough.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..107ea26 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/rules_inline/strikethrough.py @@ -0,0 +1,133 @@ +# ~~strike through~~ +from __future__ import annotations + +from .state_inline import Delimiter, StateInline + + +def tokenize(state: StateInline, silent: bool): + """Insert each marker as a separate text token, and add it to delimiter list""" + start = state.pos + marker = state.srcCharCode[start] + + if silent: + return False + + if marker != 0x7E: # /* ~ */ + return False + + scanned = state.scanDelims(state.pos, True) + length = scanned.length + ch = chr(marker) + + if length < 2: + return False + + if length % 2: + token = state.push("text", "", 0) + token.content = ch + length -= 1 + + i = 0 + while i < length: + token = state.push("text", "", 0) + token.content = ch + ch + state.delimiters.append( + Delimiter( + **{ + "marker": marker, + "length": 0, # disable "rule of 3" length checks meant for emphasis + "jump": i // 2, # for `~~` 1 marker = 2 characters + "token": len(state.tokens) - 1, + "end": -1, + "open": scanned.can_open, + "close": scanned.can_close, + } + ) + ) + + i += 2 + + state.pos += scanned.length + + return True + + +def _postProcess(state: StateInline, delimiters: list[Delimiter]): + + loneMarkers = [] + maximum = len(delimiters) + + i = 0 + while i < maximum: + startDelim = delimiters[i] + + if startDelim.marker != 0x7E: # /* ~ */ + i += 1 + continue + + if startDelim.end == -1: + i += 1 + continue + + endDelim = delimiters[startDelim.end] + + token = state.tokens[startDelim.token] + token.type = "s_open" + token.tag = "s" + token.nesting = 1 + token.markup = "~~" + token.content = "" + + token = state.tokens[endDelim.token] + token.type = "s_close" + token.tag = "s" + token.nesting = -1 + token.markup = "~~" + token.content = "" + + if ( + state.tokens[endDelim.token - 1].type == "text" + and state.tokens[endDelim.token - 1].content == "~" + ): + + loneMarkers.append(endDelim.token - 1) + + i += 1 + + # If a marker sequence has an odd number of characters, it's split + # like this: `~~~~~` -> `~` + `~~` + `~~`, leaving one marker at the + # start of the sequence. + # + # So, we have to move all those markers after subsequent s_close tags. + # + while loneMarkers: + i = loneMarkers.pop() + j = i + 1 + + while (j < len(state.tokens)) and (state.tokens[j].type == "s_close"): + j += 1 + + j -= 1 + + if i != j: + token = state.tokens[j] + state.tokens[j] = state.tokens[i] + state.tokens[i] = token + + +def postProcess(state: StateInline): + """Walk through delimiter list and replace text tokens with tags.""" + tokens_meta = state.tokens_meta + maximum = len(state.tokens_meta) + _postProcess(state, state.delimiters) + + curr = 0 + while curr < maximum: + try: + curr_meta = tokens_meta[curr] + except IndexError: + pass + else: + if curr_meta and "delimiters" in curr_meta: + _postProcess(state, curr_meta["delimiters"]) + curr += 1 diff --git a/markdown_it/rules_inline/text.py b/markdown_it/rules_inline/text.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ec6ee0f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/rules_inline/text.py @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +# Skip text characters for text token, place those to pending buffer +# and increment current pos + +from .state_inline import StateInline + +# Rule to skip pure text +# '{}$%@~+=:' reserved for extensions + +# !, ", #, $, %, &, ', (, ), *, +, ,, -, ., /, :, ;, <, =, >, ?, @, [, \, ], ^, _, `, {, |, }, or ~ + +# !!!! Don't confuse with "Markdown ASCII Punctuation" chars +# http://spec.commonmark.org/0.15/#ascii-punctuation-character + + +def isTerminatorChar(ch): + return ch in { + 0x0A, # /* \n */: + 0x21, # /* ! */: + 0x23, # /* # */: + 0x24, # /* $ */: + 0x25, # /* % */: + 0x26, # /* & */: + 0x2A, # /* * */: + 0x2B, # /* + */: + 0x2D, # /* - */: + 0x3A, # /* : */: + 0x3C, # /* < */: + 0x3D, # /* = */: + 0x3E, # /* > */: + 0x40, # /* @ */: + 0x5B, # /* [ */: + 0x5C, # /* \ */: + 0x5D, # /* ] */: + 0x5E, # /* ^ */: + 0x5F, # /* _ */: + 0x60, # /* ` */: + 0x7B, # /* { */: + 0x7D, # /* } */: + 0x7E, # /* ~ */: + } + + +def text(state: StateInline, silent: bool, **args): + pos = state.pos + posMax = state.posMax + while (pos < posMax) and not isTerminatorChar(state.srcCharCode[pos]): + pos += 1 + + if pos == state.pos: + return False + + if not silent: + state.pending += state.src[state.pos : pos] + + state.pos = pos + + return True diff --git a/markdown_it/rules_inline/text_collapse.py b/markdown_it/rules_inline/text_collapse.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6d0c0ab --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/rules_inline/text_collapse.py @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +from .state_inline import StateInline + + +def text_collapse(state: StateInline, *args): + """ + Clean up tokens after emphasis and strikethrough postprocessing: + merge adjacent text nodes into one and re-calculate all token levels + + This is necessary because initially emphasis delimiter markers (``*, _, ~``) + are treated as their own separate text tokens. Then emphasis rule either + leaves them as text (needed to merge with adjacent text) or turns them + into opening/closing tags (which messes up levels inside). + """ + level = 0 + maximum = len(state.tokens) + + curr = last = 0 + while curr < maximum: + # re-calculate levels after emphasis/strikethrough turns some text nodes + # into opening/closing tags + if state.tokens[curr].nesting < 0: + level -= 1 # closing tag + state.tokens[curr].level = level + if state.tokens[curr].nesting > 0: + level += 1 # opening tag + + if ( + state.tokens[curr].type == "text" + and curr + 1 < maximum + and state.tokens[curr + 1].type == "text" + ): + # collapse two adjacent text nodes + state.tokens[curr + 1].content = ( + state.tokens[curr].content + state.tokens[curr + 1].content + ) + else: + if curr != last: + state.tokens[last] = state.tokens[curr] + last += 1 + curr += 1 + + if curr != last: + del state.tokens[last:] diff --git a/markdown_it/token.py b/markdown_it/token.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b20875b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/token.py @@ -0,0 +1,181 @@ +from __future__ import annotations + +from collections.abc import Callable, MutableMapping +import dataclasses as dc +from typing import Any +import warnings + +from markdown_it._compat import DATACLASS_KWARGS + + +def convert_attrs(value: Any) -> Any: + """Convert Token.attrs set as ``None`` or ``[[key, value], ...]`` to a dict. + + This improves compatibility with upstream markdown-it. + """ + if not value: + return {} + if isinstance(value, list): + return dict(value) + return value + + +@dc.dataclass(**DATACLASS_KWARGS) +class Token: + + type: str + """Type of the token (string, e.g. "paragraph_open")""" + + tag: str + """HTML tag name, e.g. 'p'""" + + nesting: int + """Level change (number in {-1, 0, 1} set), where: + - `1` means the tag is opening + - `0` means the tag is self-closing + - `-1` means the tag is closing + """ + + attrs: dict[str, str | int | float] = dc.field(default_factory=dict) + """HTML attributes. + Note this differs from the upstream "list of lists" format, + although than an instance can still be initialised with this format. + """ + + map: list[int] | None = None + """Source map info. Format: `[ line_begin, line_end ]`""" + + level: int = 0 + """Nesting level, the same as `state.level`""" + + children: list[Token] | None = None + """Array of child nodes (inline and img tokens).""" + + content: str = "" + """Inner content, in the case of a self-closing tag (code, html, fence, etc.),""" + + markup: str = "" + """'*' or '_' for emphasis, fence string for fence, etc.""" + + info: str = "" + """Additional information: + - Info string for "fence" tokens + - The value "auto" for autolink "link_open" and "link_close" tokens + - The string value of the item marker for ordered-list "list_item_open" tokens + """ + + meta: dict = dc.field(default_factory=dict) + """A place for plugins to store any arbitrary data""" + + block: bool = False + """True for block-level tokens, false for inline tokens. + Used in renderer to calculate line breaks + """ + + hidden: bool = False + """If true, ignore this element when rendering. + Used for tight lists to hide paragraphs. + """ + + def __post_init__(self): + self.attrs = convert_attrs(self.attrs) + + def attrIndex(self, name: str) -> int: + warnings.warn( + "Token.attrIndex should not be used, since Token.attrs is a dictionary", + UserWarning, + ) + if name not in self.attrs: + return -1 + return list(self.attrs.keys()).index(name) + + def attrItems(self) -> list[tuple[str, str | int | float]]: + """Get (key, value) list of attrs.""" + return list(self.attrs.items()) + + def attrPush(self, attrData: tuple[str, str | int | float]) -> None: + """Add `[ name, value ]` attribute to list. Init attrs if necessary.""" + name, value = attrData + self.attrSet(name, value) + + def attrSet(self, name: str, value: str | int | float) -> None: + """Set `name` attribute to `value`. Override old value if exists.""" + self.attrs[name] = value + + def attrGet(self, name: str) -> None | str | int | float: + """Get the value of attribute `name`, or null if it does not exist.""" + return self.attrs.get(name, None) + + def attrJoin(self, name: str, value: str) -> None: + """Join value to existing attribute via space. + Or create new attribute if not exists. + Useful to operate with token classes. + """ + if name in self.attrs: + current = self.attrs[name] + if not isinstance(current, str): + raise TypeError( + f"existing attr 'name' is not a str: {self.attrs[name]}" + ) + self.attrs[name] = f"{current} {value}" + else: + self.attrs[name] = value + + def copy(self, **changes: Any) -> Token: + """Return a shallow copy of the instance.""" + return dc.replace(self, **changes) + + def as_dict( + self, + *, + children: bool = True, + as_upstream: bool = True, + meta_serializer: Callable[[dict], Any] | None = None, + filter: Callable[[str, Any], bool] | None = None, + dict_factory: Callable[..., MutableMapping[str, Any]] = dict, + ) -> MutableMapping[str, Any]: + """Return the token as a dictionary. + + :param children: Also convert children to dicts + :param as_upstream: Ensure the output dictionary is equal to that created by markdown-it + For example, attrs are converted to null or lists + :param meta_serializer: hook for serializing ``Token.meta`` + :param filter: A callable whose return code determines whether an + attribute or element is included (``True``) or dropped (``False``). + Is called with the (key, value) pair. + :param dict_factory: A callable to produce dictionaries from. + For example, to produce ordered dictionaries instead of normal Python + dictionaries, pass in ``collections.OrderedDict``. + + """ + mapping = dict_factory((f.name, getattr(self, f.name)) for f in dc.fields(self)) + if filter: + mapping = dict_factory((k, v) for k, v in mapping.items() if filter(k, v)) + if as_upstream and "attrs" in mapping: + mapping["attrs"] = ( + None + if not mapping["attrs"] + else [[k, v] for k, v in mapping["attrs"].items()] + ) + if meta_serializer and "meta" in mapping: + mapping["meta"] = meta_serializer(mapping["meta"]) + if children and mapping.get("children", None): + mapping["children"] = [ + child.as_dict( + children=children, + filter=filter, + dict_factory=dict_factory, + as_upstream=as_upstream, + meta_serializer=meta_serializer, + ) + for child in mapping["children"] + ] + return mapping + + @classmethod + def from_dict(cls, dct: MutableMapping[str, Any]) -> Token: + """Convert a dict to a Token.""" + token = cls(**dct) + if token.children: + token.children = [cls.from_dict(c) for c in token.children] # type: ignore[arg-type] + return token diff --git a/markdown_it/tree.py b/markdown_it/tree.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..09476b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/tree.py @@ -0,0 +1,330 @@ +"""A tree representation of a linear markdown-it token stream. + +This module is not part of upstream JavaScript markdown-it. +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +from collections.abc import Generator, Sequence +import textwrap +from typing import Any, NamedTuple, TypeVar, overload + +from .token import Token +from .utils import _removesuffix + + +class _NesterTokens(NamedTuple): + opening: Token + closing: Token + + +_NodeType = TypeVar("_NodeType", bound="SyntaxTreeNode") + + +class SyntaxTreeNode: + """A Markdown syntax tree node. + + A class that can be used to construct a tree representation of a linear + `markdown-it-py` token stream. + + Each node in the tree represents either: + - root of the Markdown document + - a single unnested `Token` + - a `Token` "_open" and "_close" token pair, and the tokens nested in + between + """ + + def __init__( + self, tokens: Sequence[Token] = (), *, create_root: bool = True + ) -> None: + """Initialize a `SyntaxTreeNode` from a token stream. + + If `create_root` is True, create a root node for the document. + """ + # Only nodes representing an unnested token have self.token + self.token: Token | None = None + + # Only containers have nester tokens + self.nester_tokens: _NesterTokens | None = None + + # Root node does not have self.parent + self._parent: Any = None + + # Empty list unless a non-empty container, or unnested token that has + # children (i.e. inline or img) + self._children: list = [] + + if create_root: + self._set_children_from_tokens(tokens) + return + + if not tokens: + raise ValueError( + "Can only create root from empty token sequence." + " Set `create_root=True`." + ) + elif len(tokens) == 1: + inline_token = tokens[0] + if inline_token.nesting: + raise ValueError( + "Unequal nesting level at the start and end of token stream." + ) + self.token = inline_token + if inline_token.children: + self._set_children_from_tokens(inline_token.children) + else: + self.nester_tokens = _NesterTokens(tokens[0], tokens[-1]) + self._set_children_from_tokens(tokens[1:-1]) + + def __repr__(self) -> str: + return f"{type(self).__name__}({self.type})" + + @overload + def __getitem__(self: _NodeType, item: int) -> _NodeType: + ... + + @overload + def __getitem__(self: _NodeType, item: slice) -> list[_NodeType]: + ... + + def __getitem__(self: _NodeType, item: int | slice) -> _NodeType | list[_NodeType]: + return self.children[item] + + def to_tokens(self: _NodeType) -> list[Token]: + """Recover the linear token stream.""" + + def recursive_collect_tokens(node: _NodeType, token_list: list[Token]) -> None: + if node.type == "root": + for child in node.children: + recursive_collect_tokens(child, token_list) + elif node.token: + token_list.append(node.token) + else: + assert node.nester_tokens + token_list.append(node.nester_tokens.opening) + for child in node.children: + recursive_collect_tokens(child, token_list) + token_list.append(node.nester_tokens.closing) + + tokens: list[Token] = [] + recursive_collect_tokens(self, tokens) + return tokens + + @property + def children(self: _NodeType) -> list[_NodeType]: + return self._children + + @children.setter + def children(self: _NodeType, value: list[_NodeType]) -> None: + self._children = value + + @property + def parent(self: _NodeType) -> _NodeType | None: + return self._parent + + @parent.setter + def parent(self: _NodeType, value: _NodeType | None) -> None: + self._parent = value + + @property + def is_root(self) -> bool: + """Is the node a special root node?""" + return not (self.token or self.nester_tokens) + + @property + def is_nested(self) -> bool: + """Is this node nested?. + + Returns `True` if the node represents a `Token` pair and tokens in the + sequence between them, where `Token.nesting` of the first `Token` in + the pair is 1 and nesting of the other `Token` is -1. + """ + return bool(self.nester_tokens) + + @property + def siblings(self: _NodeType) -> Sequence[_NodeType]: + """Get siblings of the node. + + Gets the whole group of siblings, including self. + """ + if not self.parent: + return [self] + return self.parent.children + + @property + def type(self) -> str: + """Get a string type of the represented syntax. + + - "root" for root nodes + - `Token.type` if the node represents an unnested token + - `Token.type` of the opening token, with "_open" suffix stripped, if + the node represents a nester token pair + """ + if self.is_root: + return "root" + if self.token: + return self.token.type + assert self.nester_tokens + return _removesuffix(self.nester_tokens.opening.type, "_open") + + @property + def next_sibling(self: _NodeType) -> _NodeType | None: + """Get the next node in the sequence of siblings. + + Returns `None` if this is the last sibling. + """ + self_index = self.siblings.index(self) + if self_index + 1 < len(self.siblings): + return self.siblings[self_index + 1] + return None + + @property + def previous_sibling(self: _NodeType) -> _NodeType | None: + """Get the previous node in the sequence of siblings. + + Returns `None` if this is the first sibling. + """ + self_index = self.siblings.index(self) + if self_index - 1 >= 0: + return self.siblings[self_index - 1] + return None + + def _add_child( + self, + tokens: Sequence[Token], + ) -> None: + """Make a child node for `self`.""" + child = type(self)(tokens, create_root=False) + child.parent = self + self.children.append(child) + + def _set_children_from_tokens(self, tokens: Sequence[Token]) -> None: + """Convert the token stream to a tree structure and set the resulting + nodes as children of `self`.""" + reversed_tokens = list(reversed(tokens)) + while reversed_tokens: + token = reversed_tokens.pop() + + if not token.nesting: + self._add_child([token]) + continue + if token.nesting != 1: + raise ValueError("Invalid token nesting") + + nested_tokens = [token] + nesting = 1 + while reversed_tokens and nesting: + token = reversed_tokens.pop() + nested_tokens.append(token) + nesting += token.nesting + if nesting: + raise ValueError(f"unclosed tokens starting {nested_tokens[0]}") + + self._add_child(nested_tokens) + + def pretty( + self, *, indent: int = 2, show_text: bool = False, _current: int = 0 + ) -> str: + """Create an XML style string of the tree.""" + prefix = " " * _current + text = prefix + f"<{self.type}" + if not self.is_root and self.attrs: + text += " " + " ".join(f"{k}={v!r}" for k, v in self.attrs.items()) + text += ">" + if show_text and not self.is_root and self.type == "text" and self.content: + text += "\n" + textwrap.indent(self.content, prefix + " " * indent) + for child in self.children: + text += "\n" + child.pretty( + indent=indent, show_text=show_text, _current=_current + indent + ) + return text + + def walk( + self: _NodeType, *, include_self: bool = True + ) -> Generator[_NodeType, None, None]: + """Recursively yield all descendant nodes in the tree starting at self. + + The order mimics the order of the underlying linear token + stream (i.e. depth first). + """ + if include_self: + yield self + for child in self.children: + yield from child.walk(include_self=True) + + # NOTE: + # The values of the properties defined below directly map to properties + # of the underlying `Token`s. A root node does not translate to a `Token` + # object, so calling these property getters on a root node will raise an + # `AttributeError`. + # + # There is no mapping for `Token.nesting` because the `is_nested` property + # provides that data, and can be called on any node type, including root. + + def _attribute_token(self) -> Token: + """Return the `Token` that is used as the data source for the + properties defined below.""" + if self.token: + return self.token + if self.nester_tokens: + return self.nester_tokens.opening + raise AttributeError("Root node does not have the accessed attribute") + + @property + def tag(self) -> str: + """html tag name, e.g. \"p\" """ + return self._attribute_token().tag + + @property + def attrs(self) -> dict[str, str | int | float]: + """Html attributes.""" + return self._attribute_token().attrs + + def attrGet(self, name: str) -> None | str | int | float: + """Get the value of attribute `name`, or null if it does not exist.""" + return self._attribute_token().attrGet(name) + + @property + def map(self) -> tuple[int, int] | None: + """Source map info. Format: `tuple[ line_begin, line_end ]`""" + map_ = self._attribute_token().map + if map_: + # Type ignore because `Token`s attribute types are not perfect + return tuple(map_) # type: ignore + return None + + @property + def level(self) -> int: + """nesting level, the same as `state.level`""" + return self._attribute_token().level + + @property + def content(self) -> str: + """In a case of self-closing tag (code, html, fence, etc.), it + has contents of this tag.""" + return self._attribute_token().content + + @property + def markup(self) -> str: + """'*' or '_' for emphasis, fence string for fence, etc.""" + return self._attribute_token().markup + + @property + def info(self) -> str: + """fence infostring""" + return self._attribute_token().info + + @property + def meta(self) -> dict: + """A place for plugins to store an arbitrary data.""" + return self._attribute_token().meta + + @property + def block(self) -> bool: + """True for block-level tokens, false for inline tokens.""" + return self._attribute_token().block + + @property + def hidden(self) -> bool: + """If it's true, ignore this element when rendering. + Used for tight lists to hide paragraphs.""" + return self._attribute_token().hidden diff --git a/markdown_it/utils.py b/markdown_it/utils.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2ba2995 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdown_it/utils.py @@ -0,0 +1,122 @@ +from __future__ import annotations + +from collections.abc import Callable +from pathlib import Path + + +class OptionsDict(dict): + """A dictionary, with attribute access to core markdownit configuration options.""" + + @property + def maxNesting(self) -> int: + """Internal protection, recursion limit.""" + return self["maxNesting"] + + @maxNesting.setter + def maxNesting(self, value: int): + self["maxNesting"] = value + + @property + def html(self) -> bool: + """Enable HTML tags in source.""" + return self["html"] + + @html.setter + def html(self, value: bool): + self["html"] = value + + @property + def linkify(self) -> bool: + """Enable autoconversion of URL-like texts to links.""" + return self["linkify"] + + @linkify.setter + def linkify(self, value: bool): + self["linkify"] = value + + @property + def typographer(self) -> bool: + """Enable smartquotes and replacements.""" + return self["typographer"] + + @typographer.setter + def typographer(self, value: bool): + self["typographer"] = value + + @property + def quotes(self) -> str: + """Quote characters.""" + return self["quotes"] + + @quotes.setter + def quotes(self, value: str): + self["quotes"] = value + + @property + def xhtmlOut(self) -> bool: + """Use '/' to close single tags (<br />).""" + return self["xhtmlOut"] + + @xhtmlOut.setter + def xhtmlOut(self, value: bool): + self["xhtmlOut"] = value + + @property + def breaks(self) -> bool: + """Convert newlines in paragraphs into <br>.""" + return self["breaks"] + + @breaks.setter + def breaks(self, value: bool): + self["breaks"] = value + + @property + def langPrefix(self) -> str: + """CSS language prefix for fenced blocks.""" + return self["langPrefix"] + + @langPrefix.setter + def langPrefix(self, value: str): + self["langPrefix"] = value + + @property + def highlight(self) -> Callable[[str, str, str], str] | None: + """Highlighter function: (content, langName, langAttrs) -> escaped HTML.""" + return self["highlight"] + + @highlight.setter + def highlight(self, value: Callable[[str, str, str], str] | None): + self["highlight"] = value + + +def read_fixture_file(path: str | Path) -> list[list]: + text = Path(path).read_text(encoding="utf-8") + tests = [] + section = 0 + last_pos = 0 + lines = text.splitlines(keepends=True) + for i in range(len(lines)): + if lines[i].rstrip() == ".": + if section == 0: + tests.append([i, lines[i - 1].strip()]) + section = 1 + elif section == 1: + tests[-1].append("".join(lines[last_pos + 1 : i])) + section = 2 + elif section == 2: + tests[-1].append("".join(lines[last_pos + 1 : i])) + section = 0 + + last_pos = i + return tests + + +def _removesuffix(string: str, suffix: str) -> str: + """Remove a suffix from a string. + + Replace this with str.removesuffix() from stdlib when minimum Python + version is 3.9. + """ + if suffix and string.endswith(suffix): + return string[: -len(suffix)] + return string diff --git a/profiler.py b/profiler.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..414a772 --- /dev/null +++ b/profiler.py @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +"""A script for profiling. + +To generate and read results: + - `tox -e profile` + - `firefox .tox/prof/output.svg` +""" +from pathlib import Path + +from markdown_it import MarkdownIt + +commonmark_spec = ( + (Path(__file__).parent / "tests" / "test_cmark_spec" / "spec.md") + .read_bytes() + .decode() +) + +# Run this a few times to emphasize over imports and other overhead above +for _ in range(10): + MarkdownIt().render(commonmark_spec) diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e001718 --- /dev/null +++ b/pyproject.toml @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ +[build-system] +requires = ["flit_core >=3.4,<4"] +build-backend = "flit_core.buildapi" + +[project] +name = "markdown-it-py" +dynamic = ["version"] +description = "Python port of markdown-it. Markdown parsing, done right!" +readme = "README.md" +authors = [{name = "Chris Sewell", email = "chrisj_sewell@hotmail.com"}] +license = {file = "LICENSE"} +classifiers = [ + "Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable", + "Intended Audience :: Developers", + "License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License", + "Programming Language :: Python :: 3", + "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7", + "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8", + "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9", + "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10", + "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython", + "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy", + "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules", + "Topic :: Text Processing :: Markup", +] +keywords = ["markdown", "lexer", "parser", "commonmark", "markdown-it"] +requires-python = ">=3.7" +dependencies = [ + "mdurl~=0.1", + "typing_extensions>=3.7.4;python_version<'3.8'", +] + +[project.urls] +Homepage = "https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py" +Documentation = "https://markdown-it-py.readthedocs.io" + +[project.optional-dependencies] +code_style = ["pre-commit==2.6"] +compare = [ + "commonmark~=0.9.1", + "markdown~=3.3.6", + "mistletoe~=0.8.1", + "mistune~=2.0.2", + "panflute~=2.1.3", +] +linkify = ["linkify-it-py~=1.0"] +plugins = ["mdit-py-plugins"] +rtd = [ + "attrs", + "myst-parser", + "pyyaml", + "sphinx", + "sphinx-copybutton", + "sphinx-design", + "sphinx_book_theme", +] +testing = [ + "coverage", + "pytest", + "pytest-cov", + "pytest-regressions", +] +benchmarking = [ + "psutil", + "pytest", + "pytest-benchmark~=3.2", +] +profiling = ["gprof2dot"] + +[project.scripts] +markdown-it = "markdown_it.cli.parse:main" + +[tool.flit.module] +name = "markdown_it" + +[tool.flit.sdist] +exclude = [ + "docs/", + "tests/", + "benchmarking/" +] + +[tool.isort] +profile = "black" +force_sort_within_sections = true + +[tool.mypy] +show_error_codes = true +warn_unused_ignores = true +warn_redundant_casts = true +no_implicit_optional = true +strict_equality = true +implicit_reexport = false + +[[tool.mypy.overrides]] +module = ["tests.test_plugins.*", "markdown.*"] +ignore_errors = true + +[[tool.mypy.overrides]] +module = ["markdown.*"] +ignore_missing_imports = true + +[tool.pytest.ini_options] +xfail_strict = true diff --git a/tests/__init__.py b/tests/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/__init__.py diff --git a/tests/test_api/test_main.py b/tests/test_api/test_main.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..007259e --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_api/test_main.py @@ -0,0 +1,279 @@ +from markdown_it import MarkdownIt +from markdown_it.token import Token + + +def test_get_rules(): + md = MarkdownIt("zero") + # print(md.get_all_rules()) + assert md.get_all_rules() == { + "core": [ + "normalize", + "block", + "inline", + "linkify", + "replacements", + "smartquotes", + ], + "block": [ + "table", + "code", + "fence", + "blockquote", + "hr", + "list", + "reference", + "html_block", + "heading", + "lheading", + "paragraph", + ], + "inline": [ + "text", + "newline", + "escape", + "backticks", + "strikethrough", + "emphasis", + "link", + "image", + "autolink", + "html_inline", + "entity", + ], + "inline2": ["balance_pairs", "strikethrough", "emphasis", "text_collapse"], + } + + +def test_load_presets(): + md = MarkdownIt("zero") + assert md.get_active_rules() == { + "block": ["paragraph"], + "core": ["normalize", "block", "inline"], + "inline": ["text"], + "inline2": ["balance_pairs", "text_collapse"], + } + md = MarkdownIt("commonmark") + assert md.get_active_rules() == { + "core": ["normalize", "block", "inline"], + "block": [ + "code", + "fence", + "blockquote", + "hr", + "list", + "reference", + "html_block", + "heading", + "lheading", + "paragraph", + ], + "inline": [ + "text", + "newline", + "escape", + "backticks", + "emphasis", + "link", + "image", + "autolink", + "html_inline", + "entity", + ], + "inline2": ["balance_pairs", "emphasis", "text_collapse"], + } + + +def test_override_options(): + md = MarkdownIt("zero") + assert md.options["maxNesting"] == 20 + md = MarkdownIt("zero", {"maxNesting": 99}) + assert md.options["maxNesting"] == 99 + + +def test_enable(): + md = MarkdownIt("zero").enable("heading") + assert md.get_active_rules() == { + "block": ["heading", "paragraph"], + "core": ["normalize", "block", "inline"], + "inline": ["text"], + "inline2": ["balance_pairs", "text_collapse"], + } + md.enable(["backticks", "autolink"]) + assert md.get_active_rules() == { + "block": ["heading", "paragraph"], + "core": ["normalize", "block", "inline"], + "inline": ["text", "backticks", "autolink"], + "inline2": ["balance_pairs", "text_collapse"], + } + + +def test_disable(): + md = MarkdownIt("zero").disable("inline") + assert md.get_active_rules() == { + "block": ["paragraph"], + "core": ["normalize", "block"], + "inline": ["text"], + "inline2": ["balance_pairs", "text_collapse"], + } + md.disable(["text"]) + assert md.get_active_rules() == { + "block": ["paragraph"], + "core": ["normalize", "block"], + "inline": [], + "inline2": ["balance_pairs", "text_collapse"], + } + + +def test_reset(): + md = MarkdownIt("zero") + with md.reset_rules(): + md.disable("inline") + assert md.get_active_rules() == { + "block": ["paragraph"], + "core": ["normalize", "block"], + "inline": ["text"], + "inline2": ["balance_pairs", "text_collapse"], + } + assert md.get_active_rules() == { + "block": ["paragraph"], + "core": ["normalize", "block", "inline"], + "inline": ["text"], + "inline2": ["balance_pairs", "text_collapse"], + } + + +def test_parseInline(): + md = MarkdownIt() + tokens = md.parseInline("abc\n\n> xyz") + assert tokens == [ + Token( + type="inline", + tag="", + nesting=0, + attrs=None, + map=[0, 1], + level=0, + children=[ + Token( + type="text", + tag="", + nesting=0, + attrs=None, + map=None, + level=0, + children=None, + content="abc", + markup="", + info="", + meta={}, + block=False, + hidden=False, + ), + Token( + type="softbreak", + tag="br", + nesting=0, + attrs=None, + map=None, + level=0, + children=None, + content="", + markup="", + info="", + meta={}, + block=False, + hidden=False, + ), + Token( + type="softbreak", + tag="br", + nesting=0, + attrs=None, + map=None, + level=0, + children=None, + content="", + markup="", + info="", + meta={}, + block=False, + hidden=False, + ), + Token( + type="text", + tag="", + nesting=0, + attrs=None, + map=None, + level=0, + children=None, + content="> xyz", + markup="", + info="", + meta={}, + block=False, + hidden=False, + ), + ], + content="abc\n\n> xyz", + markup="", + info="", + meta={}, + block=False, + hidden=False, + ) + ] + + +def test_renderInline(): + md = MarkdownIt("zero") + tokens = md.renderInline("abc\n\n*xyz*") + assert tokens == "abc\n\n*xyz*" + + +def test_emptyStr(): + md = MarkdownIt() + tokens = md.parseInline("") + assert tokens == [ + Token( + type="inline", + tag="", + nesting=0, + attrs=None, + map=[0, 1], + level=0, + children=[], + content="", + markup="", + info="", + meta={}, + block=False, + hidden=False, + ) + ] + + +def test_empty_env(): + """Test that an empty `env` is mutated, not copied and mutated.""" + md = MarkdownIt() + + env = {} + md.render("[foo]: /url\n[foo]", env) + assert "references" in env + + env = {} + md.parse("[foo]: /url\n[foo]", env) + assert "references" in env + + +def test_table_tokens(data_regression): + md = MarkdownIt("js-default") + tokens = md.parse( + """ +| Heading 1 | Heading 2 +| --------- | --------- +| Cell 1 | Cell 2 +| Cell 3 | Cell 4 + """ + ) + data_regression.check([t.as_dict() for t in tokens]) diff --git a/tests/test_api/test_main/test_table_tokens.yml b/tests/test_api/test_main/test_table_tokens.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5bac044 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_api/test_main/test_table_tokens.yml @@ -0,0 +1,492 @@ +- attrs: null + block: true + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 0 + map: + - 1 + - 5 + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: 1 + tag: table + type: table_open +- attrs: null + block: true + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 1 + map: + - 1 + - 2 + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: 1 + tag: thead + type: thead_open +- attrs: null + block: true + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 2 + map: + - 1 + - 2 + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: 1 + tag: tr + type: tr_open +- attrs: null + block: true + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 3 + map: null + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: 1 + tag: th + type: th_open +- attrs: null + block: true + children: + - attrs: null + block: false + children: null + content: Heading 1 + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 0 + map: null + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: 0 + tag: '' + type: text + content: Heading 1 + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 4 + map: + - 1 + - 2 + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: 0 + tag: '' + type: inline +- attrs: null + block: true + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 3 + map: null + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: -1 + tag: th + type: th_close +- attrs: null + block: true + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 3 + map: null + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: 1 + tag: th + type: th_open +- attrs: null + block: true + children: + - attrs: null + block: false + children: null + content: Heading 2 + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 0 + map: null + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: 0 + tag: '' + type: text + content: Heading 2 + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 4 + map: + - 1 + - 2 + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: 0 + tag: '' + type: inline +- attrs: null + block: true + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 3 + map: null + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: -1 + tag: th + type: th_close +- attrs: null + block: true + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 2 + map: null + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: -1 + tag: tr + type: tr_close +- attrs: null + block: true + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 1 + map: null + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: -1 + tag: thead + type: thead_close +- attrs: null + block: true + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 1 + map: + - 3 + - 5 + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: 1 + tag: tbody + type: tbody_open +- attrs: null + block: true + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 2 + map: + - 3 + - 4 + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: 1 + tag: tr + type: tr_open +- attrs: null + block: true + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 3 + map: null + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: 1 + tag: td + type: td_open +- attrs: null + block: true + children: + - attrs: null + block: false + children: null + content: Cell 1 + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 0 + map: null + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: 0 + tag: '' + type: text + content: Cell 1 + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 4 + map: + - 3 + - 4 + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: 0 + tag: '' + type: inline +- attrs: null + block: true + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 3 + map: null + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: -1 + tag: td + type: td_close +- attrs: null + block: true + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 3 + map: null + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: 1 + tag: td + type: td_open +- attrs: null + block: true + children: + - attrs: null + block: false + children: null + content: Cell 2 + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 0 + map: null + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: 0 + tag: '' + type: text + content: Cell 2 + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 4 + map: + - 3 + - 4 + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: 0 + tag: '' + type: inline +- attrs: null + block: true + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 3 + map: null + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: -1 + tag: td + type: td_close +- attrs: null + block: true + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 2 + map: null + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: -1 + tag: tr + type: tr_close +- attrs: null + block: true + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 2 + map: + - 4 + - 5 + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: 1 + tag: tr + type: tr_open +- attrs: null + block: true + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 3 + map: null + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: 1 + tag: td + type: td_open +- attrs: null + block: true + children: + - attrs: null + block: false + children: null + content: Cell 3 + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 0 + map: null + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: 0 + tag: '' + type: text + content: Cell 3 + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 4 + map: + - 4 + - 5 + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: 0 + tag: '' + type: inline +- attrs: null + block: true + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 3 + map: null + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: -1 + tag: td + type: td_close +- attrs: null + block: true + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 3 + map: null + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: 1 + tag: td + type: td_open +- attrs: null + block: true + children: + - attrs: null + block: false + children: null + content: Cell 4 + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 0 + map: null + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: 0 + tag: '' + type: text + content: Cell 4 + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 4 + map: + - 4 + - 5 + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: 0 + tag: '' + type: inline +- attrs: null + block: true + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 3 + map: null + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: -1 + tag: td + type: td_close +- attrs: null + block: true + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 2 + map: null + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: -1 + tag: tr + type: tr_close +- attrs: null + block: true + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 1 + map: null + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: -1 + tag: tbody + type: tbody_close +- attrs: null + block: true + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 0 + map: null + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: -1 + tag: table + type: table_close diff --git a/tests/test_api/test_plugin_creation.py b/tests/test_api/test_plugin_creation.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3a9af8b --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_api/test_plugin_creation.py @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +"""Test basic plugin creation functionality: +that they can be added and are called correctly +""" +from markdown_it import MarkdownIt + + +def inline_rule(state, silent): + print("plugin called") + + +def test_inline_after(capsys): + def _plugin(_md): + _md.inline.ruler.after("text", "new_rule", inline_rule) + + MarkdownIt().use(_plugin).parse("[") + assert "plugin called" in capsys.readouterr().out + + +def test_inline_before(capsys): + def _plugin(_md): + _md.inline.ruler.before("text", "new_rule", inline_rule) + + MarkdownIt().use(_plugin).parse("a") + assert "plugin called" in capsys.readouterr().out + + +def test_inline_at(capsys): + def _plugin(_md): + _md.inline.ruler.at("text", inline_rule) + + MarkdownIt().use(_plugin).parse("a") + assert "plugin called" in capsys.readouterr().out + + +def block_rule(state, startLine, endLine, silent): + print("plugin called") + + +def test_block_after(capsys): + def _plugin(_md): + _md.block.ruler.after("hr", "new_rule", block_rule) + + MarkdownIt().use(_plugin).parse("a") + assert "plugin called" in capsys.readouterr().out + + +def test_block_before(capsys): + def _plugin(_md): + _md.block.ruler.before("hr", "new_rule", block_rule) + + MarkdownIt().use(_plugin).parse("a") + assert "plugin called" in capsys.readouterr().out + + +def test_block_at(capsys): + def _plugin(_md): + _md.block.ruler.at("hr", block_rule) + + MarkdownIt().use(_plugin).parse("a") + assert "plugin called" in capsys.readouterr().out + + +def core_rule(state): + print("plugin called") + + +def test_core_after(capsys): + def _plugin(_md): + _md.core.ruler.after("normalize", "new_rule", core_rule) + + MarkdownIt().use(_plugin).parse("a") + assert "plugin called" in capsys.readouterr().out + + +def test_core_before(capsys): + def _plugin(_md): + _md.core.ruler.before("normalize", "new_rule", core_rule) + + MarkdownIt().use(_plugin).parse("a") + assert "plugin called" in capsys.readouterr().out + + +def test_core_at(capsys): + def _plugin(_md): + _md.core.ruler.at("normalize", core_rule) + + MarkdownIt().use(_plugin).parse("a") + assert "plugin called" in capsys.readouterr().out diff --git a/tests/test_api/test_token.py b/tests/test_api/test_token.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e3806b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_api/test_token.py @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +import warnings + +from markdown_it.token import Token + + +def test_token(): + token = Token("name", "tag", 0) + assert token.as_dict() == { + "type": "name", + "tag": "tag", + "nesting": 0, + "attrs": None, + "map": None, + "level": 0, + "children": None, + "content": "", + "markup": "", + "info": "", + "meta": {}, + "block": False, + "hidden": False, + } + token.attrSet("a", "b") + assert token.attrGet("a") == "b" + token.attrJoin("a", "c") + assert token.attrGet("a") == "b c" + token.attrPush(["x", "y"]) + assert token.attrGet("x") == "y" + with warnings.catch_warnings(): + warnings.simplefilter("ignore") + assert token.attrIndex("a") == 0 + assert token.attrIndex("x") == 1 + assert token.attrIndex("j") == -1 + + +def test_serialization(): + token = Token("name", "tag", 0, children=[Token("other", "tag2", 0)]) + assert token == Token.from_dict(token.as_dict()) diff --git a/tests/test_cli.py b/tests/test_cli.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..57d6b93 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_cli.py @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +import pathlib +import tempfile +from unittest.mock import patch + +import pytest + +from markdown_it.cli import parse + + +def test_parse(): + with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tempdir: + path = pathlib.Path(tempdir).joinpath("test.md") + path.write_text("a b c") + assert parse.main([str(path)]) == 0 + + +def test_parse_fail(): + with pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info: + parse.main(["/tmp/nonexistant_path/for_cli_test.md"]) + assert exc_info.value.code == 1 + + +def test_print_heading(): + with patch("builtins.print") as patched: + parse.print_heading() + patched.assert_called() + + +def test_interactive(): + def mock_input(prompt): + raise KeyboardInterrupt + + with patch("builtins.print") as patched: + with patch("builtins.input", mock_input): + parse.interactive() + patched.assert_called() diff --git a/tests/test_cmark_spec/commonmark.json b/tests/test_cmark_spec/commonmark.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d742f94 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_cmark_spec/commonmark.json @@ -0,0 +1,5218 @@ +[ + { + "markdown": "\tfoo\tbaz\t\tbim\n", + "html": "<pre><code>foo\tbaz\t\tbim\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 1, + "start_line": 356, + "end_line": 361, + "section": "Tabs" + }, + { + "markdown": " \tfoo\tbaz\t\tbim\n", + "html": "<pre><code>foo\tbaz\t\tbim\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 2, + "start_line": 363, + "end_line": 368, + "section": "Tabs" + }, + { + "markdown": " a\ta\n ὐ\ta\n", + "html": "<pre><code>a\ta\nὐ\ta\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 3, + "start_line": 370, + "end_line": 377, + "section": "Tabs" + }, + { + "markdown": " - foo\n\n\tbar\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li>\n<p>foo</p>\n<p>bar</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n", + "example": 4, + "start_line": 383, + "end_line": 394, + "section": "Tabs" + }, + { + "markdown": "- foo\n\n\t\tbar\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li>\n<p>foo</p>\n<pre><code> bar\n</code></pre>\n</li>\n</ul>\n", + "example": 5, + "start_line": 396, + "end_line": 408, + "section": "Tabs" + }, + { + "markdown": ">\t\tfoo\n", + "html": "<blockquote>\n<pre><code> foo\n</code></pre>\n</blockquote>\n", + "example": 6, + "start_line": 419, + "end_line": 426, + "section": "Tabs" + }, + { + "markdown": "-\t\tfoo\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li>\n<pre><code> foo\n</code></pre>\n</li>\n</ul>\n", + "example": 7, + "start_line": 428, + "end_line": 437, + "section": "Tabs" + }, + { + "markdown": " foo\n\tbar\n", + "html": "<pre><code>foo\nbar\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 8, + "start_line": 440, + "end_line": 447, + "section": "Tabs" + }, + { + "markdown": " - foo\n - bar\n\t - baz\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li>foo\n<ul>\n<li>bar\n<ul>\n<li>baz</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n", + "example": 9, + "start_line": 449, + "end_line": 465, + "section": "Tabs" + }, + { + "markdown": "#\tFoo\n", + "html": "<h1>Foo</h1>\n", + "example": 10, + "start_line": 467, + "end_line": 471, + "section": "Tabs" + }, + { + "markdown": "*\t*\t*\t\n", + "html": "<hr />\n", + "example": 11, + "start_line": 473, + "end_line": 477, + "section": "Tabs" + }, + { + "markdown": "\\!\\\"\\#\\$\\%\\&\\'\\(\\)\\*\\+\\,\\-\\.\\/\\:\\;\\<\\=\\>\\?\\@\\[\\\\\\]\\^\\_\\`\\{\\|\\}\\~\n", + "html": "<p>!"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~</p>\n", + "example": 12, + "start_line": 490, + "end_line": 494, + "section": "Backslash escapes" + }, + { + "markdown": "\\\t\\A\\a\\ \\3\\φ\\«\n", + "html": "<p>\\\t\\A\\a\\ \\3\\φ\\«</p>\n", + "example": 13, + "start_line": 500, + "end_line": 504, + "section": "Backslash escapes" + }, + { + "markdown": "\\*not emphasized*\n\\<br/> not a tag\n\\[not a link](/foo)\n\\`not code`\n1\\. not a list\n\\* not a list\n\\# not a heading\n\\[foo]: /url \"not a reference\"\n\\ö not a character entity\n", + "html": "<p>*not emphasized*\n<br/> not a tag\n[not a link](/foo)\n`not code`\n1. not a list\n* not a list\n# not a heading\n[foo]: /url "not a reference"\n&ouml; not a character entity</p>\n", + "example": 14, + "start_line": 510, + "end_line": 530, + "section": "Backslash escapes" + }, + { + "markdown": "\\\\*emphasis*\n", + "html": "<p>\\<em>emphasis</em></p>\n", + "example": 15, + "start_line": 535, + "end_line": 539, + "section": "Backslash escapes" + }, + { + "markdown": "foo\\\nbar\n", + "html": "<p>foo<br />\nbar</p>\n", + "example": 16, + "start_line": 544, + "end_line": 550, + "section": "Backslash escapes" + }, + { + "markdown": "`` \\[\\` ``\n", + "html": "<p><code>\\[\\`</code></p>\n", + "example": 17, + "start_line": 556, + "end_line": 560, + "section": "Backslash escapes" + }, + { + "markdown": " \\[\\]\n", + "html": "<pre><code>\\[\\]\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 18, + "start_line": 563, + "end_line": 568, + "section": "Backslash escapes" + }, + { + "markdown": "~~~\n\\[\\]\n~~~\n", + "html": "<pre><code>\\[\\]\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 19, + "start_line": 571, + "end_line": 578, + "section": "Backslash escapes" + }, + { + "markdown": "<http://example.com?find=\\*>\n", + "html": "<p><a href=\"http://example.com?find=%5C*\">http://example.com?find=\\*</a></p>\n", + "example": 20, + "start_line": 581, + "end_line": 585, + "section": "Backslash escapes" + }, + { + "markdown": "<a href=\"/bar\\/)\">\n", + "html": "<a href=\"/bar\\/)\">\n", + "example": 21, + "start_line": 588, + "end_line": 592, + "section": "Backslash escapes" + }, + { + "markdown": "[foo](/bar\\* \"ti\\*tle\")\n", + "html": "<p><a href=\"/bar*\" title=\"ti*tle\">foo</a></p>\n", + "example": 22, + "start_line": 598, + "end_line": 602, + "section": "Backslash escapes" + }, + { + "markdown": "[foo]\n\n[foo]: /bar\\* \"ti\\*tle\"\n", + "html": "<p><a href=\"/bar*\" title=\"ti*tle\">foo</a></p>\n", + "example": 23, + "start_line": 605, + "end_line": 611, + "section": "Backslash escapes" + }, + { + "markdown": "``` foo\\+bar\nfoo\n```\n", + "html": "<pre><code class=\"language-foo+bar\">foo\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 24, + "start_line": 614, + "end_line": 621, + "section": "Backslash escapes" + }, + { + "markdown": " & © Æ Ď\n¾ ℋ ⅆ\n∲ ≧̸\n", + "html": "<p> & © Æ Ď\n¾ ℋ ⅆ\n∲ ≧̸</p>\n", + "example": 25, + "start_line": 650, + "end_line": 658, + "section": "Entity and numeric character references" + }, + { + "markdown": "# Ӓ Ϡ �\n", + "html": "<p># Ӓ Ϡ �</p>\n", + "example": 26, + "start_line": 669, + "end_line": 673, + "section": "Entity and numeric character references" + }, + { + "markdown": "" ആ ಫ\n", + "html": "<p>" ആ ಫ</p>\n", + "example": 27, + "start_line": 682, + "end_line": 686, + "section": "Entity and numeric character references" + }, + { + "markdown": "  &x; &#; &#x;\n�\n&#abcdef0;\n&ThisIsNotDefined; &hi?;\n", + "html": "<p>&nbsp &x; &#; &#x;\n&#87654321;\n&#abcdef0;\n&ThisIsNotDefined; &hi?;</p>\n", + "example": 28, + "start_line": 691, + "end_line": 701, + "section": "Entity and numeric character references" + }, + { + "markdown": "©\n", + "html": "<p>&copy</p>\n", + "example": 29, + "start_line": 708, + "end_line": 712, + "section": "Entity and numeric character references" + }, + { + "markdown": "&MadeUpEntity;\n", + "html": "<p>&MadeUpEntity;</p>\n", + "example": 30, + "start_line": 718, + "end_line": 722, + "section": "Entity and numeric character references" + }, + { + "markdown": "<a href=\"öö.html\">\n", + "html": "<a href=\"öö.html\">\n", + "example": 31, + "start_line": 729, + "end_line": 733, + "section": "Entity and numeric character references" + }, + { + "markdown": "[foo](/föö \"föö\")\n", + "html": "<p><a href=\"/f%C3%B6%C3%B6\" title=\"föö\">foo</a></p>\n", + "example": 32, + "start_line": 736, + "end_line": 740, + "section": "Entity and numeric character references" + }, + { + "markdown": "[foo]\n\n[foo]: /föö \"föö\"\n", + "html": "<p><a href=\"/f%C3%B6%C3%B6\" title=\"föö\">foo</a></p>\n", + "example": 33, + "start_line": 743, + "end_line": 749, + "section": "Entity and numeric character references" + }, + { + "markdown": "``` föö\nfoo\n```\n", + "html": "<pre><code class=\"language-föö\">foo\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 34, + "start_line": 752, + "end_line": 759, + "section": "Entity and numeric character references" + }, + { + "markdown": "`föö`\n", + "html": "<p><code>f&ouml;&ouml;</code></p>\n", + "example": 35, + "start_line": 765, + "end_line": 769, + "section": "Entity and numeric character references" + }, + { + "markdown": " föfö\n", + "html": "<pre><code>f&ouml;f&ouml;\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 36, + "start_line": 772, + "end_line": 777, + "section": "Entity and numeric character references" + }, + { + "markdown": "*foo*\n*foo*\n", + "html": "<p>*foo*\n<em>foo</em></p>\n", + "example": 37, + "start_line": 784, + "end_line": 790, + "section": "Entity and numeric character references" + }, + { + "markdown": "* foo\n\n* foo\n", + "html": "<p>* foo</p>\n<ul>\n<li>foo</li>\n</ul>\n", + "example": 38, + "start_line": 792, + "end_line": 801, + "section": "Entity and numeric character references" + }, + { + "markdown": "foo bar\n", + "html": "<p>foo\n\nbar</p>\n", + "example": 39, + "start_line": 803, + "end_line": 809, + "section": "Entity and numeric character references" + }, + { + "markdown": "	foo\n", + "html": "<p>\tfoo</p>\n", + "example": 40, + "start_line": 811, + "end_line": 815, + "section": "Entity and numeric character references" + }, + { + "markdown": "[a](url "tit")\n", + "html": "<p>[a](url "tit")</p>\n", + "example": 41, + "start_line": 818, + "end_line": 822, + "section": "Entity and numeric character references" + }, + { + "markdown": "- `one\n- two`\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li>`one</li>\n<li>two`</li>\n</ul>\n", + "example": 42, + "start_line": 841, + "end_line": 849, + "section": "Precedence" + }, + { + "markdown": "***\n---\n___\n", + "html": "<hr />\n<hr />\n<hr />\n", + "example": 43, + "start_line": 880, + "end_line": 888, + "section": "Thematic breaks" + }, + { + "markdown": "+++\n", + "html": "<p>+++</p>\n", + "example": 44, + "start_line": 893, + "end_line": 897, + "section": "Thematic breaks" + }, + { + "markdown": "===\n", + "html": "<p>===</p>\n", + "example": 45, + "start_line": 900, + "end_line": 904, + "section": "Thematic breaks" + }, + { + "markdown": "--\n**\n__\n", + "html": "<p>--\n**\n__</p>\n", + "example": 46, + "start_line": 909, + "end_line": 917, + "section": "Thematic breaks" + }, + { + "markdown": " ***\n ***\n ***\n", + "html": "<hr />\n<hr />\n<hr />\n", + "example": 47, + "start_line": 922, + "end_line": 930, + "section": "Thematic breaks" + }, + { + "markdown": " ***\n", + "html": "<pre><code>***\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 48, + "start_line": 935, + "end_line": 940, + "section": "Thematic breaks" + }, + { + "markdown": "Foo\n ***\n", + "html": "<p>Foo\n***</p>\n", + "example": 49, + "start_line": 943, + "end_line": 949, + "section": "Thematic breaks" + }, + { + "markdown": "_____________________________________\n", + "html": "<hr />\n", + "example": 50, + "start_line": 954, + "end_line": 958, + "section": "Thematic breaks" + }, + { + "markdown": " - - -\n", + "html": "<hr />\n", + "example": 51, + "start_line": 963, + "end_line": 967, + "section": "Thematic breaks" + }, + { + "markdown": " ** * ** * ** * **\n", + "html": "<hr />\n", + "example": 52, + "start_line": 970, + "end_line": 974, + "section": "Thematic breaks" + }, + { + "markdown": "- - - -\n", + "html": "<hr />\n", + "example": 53, + "start_line": 977, + "end_line": 981, + "section": "Thematic breaks" + }, + { + "markdown": "- - - - \n", + "html": "<hr />\n", + "example": 54, + "start_line": 986, + "end_line": 990, + "section": "Thematic breaks" + }, + { + "markdown": "_ _ _ _ a\n\na------\n\n---a---\n", + "html": "<p>_ _ _ _ a</p>\n<p>a------</p>\n<p>---a---</p>\n", + "example": 55, + "start_line": 995, + "end_line": 1005, + "section": "Thematic breaks" + }, + { + "markdown": " *-*\n", + "html": "<p><em>-</em></p>\n", + "example": 56, + "start_line": 1011, + "end_line": 1015, + "section": "Thematic breaks" + }, + { + "markdown": "- foo\n***\n- bar\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li>foo</li>\n</ul>\n<hr />\n<ul>\n<li>bar</li>\n</ul>\n", + "example": 57, + "start_line": 1020, + "end_line": 1032, + "section": "Thematic breaks" + }, + { + "markdown": "Foo\n***\nbar\n", + "html": "<p>Foo</p>\n<hr />\n<p>bar</p>\n", + "example": 58, + "start_line": 1037, + "end_line": 1045, + "section": "Thematic breaks" + }, + { + "markdown": "Foo\n---\nbar\n", + "html": "<h2>Foo</h2>\n<p>bar</p>\n", + "example": 59, + "start_line": 1054, + "end_line": 1061, + "section": "Thematic breaks" + }, + { + "markdown": "* Foo\n* * *\n* Bar\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li>Foo</li>\n</ul>\n<hr />\n<ul>\n<li>Bar</li>\n</ul>\n", + "example": 60, + "start_line": 1067, + "end_line": 1079, + "section": "Thematic breaks" + }, + { + "markdown": "- Foo\n- * * *\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li>Foo</li>\n<li>\n<hr />\n</li>\n</ul>\n", + "example": 61, + "start_line": 1084, + "end_line": 1094, + "section": "Thematic breaks" + }, + { + "markdown": "# foo\n## foo\n### foo\n#### foo\n##### foo\n###### foo\n", + "html": "<h1>foo</h1>\n<h2>foo</h2>\n<h3>foo</h3>\n<h4>foo</h4>\n<h5>foo</h5>\n<h6>foo</h6>\n", + "example": 62, + "start_line": 1113, + "end_line": 1127, + "section": "ATX headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "####### foo\n", + "html": "<p>####### foo</p>\n", + "example": 63, + "start_line": 1132, + "end_line": 1136, + "section": "ATX headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "#5 bolt\n\n#hashtag\n", + "html": "<p>#5 bolt</p>\n<p>#hashtag</p>\n", + "example": 64, + "start_line": 1147, + "end_line": 1154, + "section": "ATX headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "\\## foo\n", + "html": "<p>## foo</p>\n", + "example": 65, + "start_line": 1159, + "end_line": 1163, + "section": "ATX headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "# foo *bar* \\*baz\\*\n", + "html": "<h1>foo <em>bar</em> *baz*</h1>\n", + "example": 66, + "start_line": 1168, + "end_line": 1172, + "section": "ATX headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "# foo \n", + "html": "<h1>foo</h1>\n", + "example": 67, + "start_line": 1177, + "end_line": 1181, + "section": "ATX headings" + }, + { + "markdown": " ### foo\n ## foo\n # foo\n", + "html": "<h3>foo</h3>\n<h2>foo</h2>\n<h1>foo</h1>\n", + "example": 68, + "start_line": 1186, + "end_line": 1194, + "section": "ATX headings" + }, + { + "markdown": " # foo\n", + "html": "<pre><code># foo\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 69, + "start_line": 1199, + "end_line": 1204, + "section": "ATX headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "foo\n # bar\n", + "html": "<p>foo\n# bar</p>\n", + "example": 70, + "start_line": 1207, + "end_line": 1213, + "section": "ATX headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "## foo ##\n ### bar ###\n", + "html": "<h2>foo</h2>\n<h3>bar</h3>\n", + "example": 71, + "start_line": 1218, + "end_line": 1224, + "section": "ATX headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "# foo ##################################\n##### foo ##\n", + "html": "<h1>foo</h1>\n<h5>foo</h5>\n", + "example": 72, + "start_line": 1229, + "end_line": 1235, + "section": "ATX headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "### foo ### \n", + "html": "<h3>foo</h3>\n", + "example": 73, + "start_line": 1240, + "end_line": 1244, + "section": "ATX headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "### foo ### b\n", + "html": "<h3>foo ### b</h3>\n", + "example": 74, + "start_line": 1251, + "end_line": 1255, + "section": "ATX headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "# foo#\n", + "html": "<h1>foo#</h1>\n", + "example": 75, + "start_line": 1260, + "end_line": 1264, + "section": "ATX headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "### foo \\###\n## foo #\\##\n# foo \\#\n", + "html": "<h3>foo ###</h3>\n<h2>foo ###</h2>\n<h1>foo #</h1>\n", + "example": 76, + "start_line": 1270, + "end_line": 1278, + "section": "ATX headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "****\n## foo\n****\n", + "html": "<hr />\n<h2>foo</h2>\n<hr />\n", + "example": 77, + "start_line": 1284, + "end_line": 1292, + "section": "ATX headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "Foo bar\n# baz\nBar foo\n", + "html": "<p>Foo bar</p>\n<h1>baz</h1>\n<p>Bar foo</p>\n", + "example": 78, + "start_line": 1295, + "end_line": 1303, + "section": "ATX headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "## \n#\n### ###\n", + "html": "<h2></h2>\n<h1></h1>\n<h3></h3>\n", + "example": 79, + "start_line": 1308, + "end_line": 1316, + "section": "ATX headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "Foo *bar*\n=========\n\nFoo *bar*\n---------\n", + "html": "<h1>Foo <em>bar</em></h1>\n<h2>Foo <em>bar</em></h2>\n", + "example": 80, + "start_line": 1351, + "end_line": 1360, + "section": "Setext headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "Foo *bar\nbaz*\n====\n", + "html": "<h1>Foo <em>bar\nbaz</em></h1>\n", + "example": 81, + "start_line": 1365, + "end_line": 1372, + "section": "Setext headings" + }, + { + "markdown": " Foo *bar\nbaz*\t\n====\n", + "html": "<h1>Foo <em>bar\nbaz</em></h1>\n", + "example": 82, + "start_line": 1379, + "end_line": 1386, + "section": "Setext headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "Foo\n-------------------------\n\nFoo\n=\n", + "html": "<h2>Foo</h2>\n<h1>Foo</h1>\n", + "example": 83, + "start_line": 1391, + "end_line": 1400, + "section": "Setext headings" + }, + { + "markdown": " Foo\n---\n\n Foo\n-----\n\n Foo\n ===\n", + "html": "<h2>Foo</h2>\n<h2>Foo</h2>\n<h1>Foo</h1>\n", + "example": 84, + "start_line": 1406, + "end_line": 1419, + "section": "Setext headings" + }, + { + "markdown": " Foo\n ---\n\n Foo\n---\n", + "html": "<pre><code>Foo\n---\n\nFoo\n</code></pre>\n<hr />\n", + "example": 85, + "start_line": 1424, + "end_line": 1437, + "section": "Setext headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "Foo\n ---- \n", + "html": "<h2>Foo</h2>\n", + "example": 86, + "start_line": 1443, + "end_line": 1448, + "section": "Setext headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "Foo\n ---\n", + "html": "<p>Foo\n---</p>\n", + "example": 87, + "start_line": 1453, + "end_line": 1459, + "section": "Setext headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "Foo\n= =\n\nFoo\n--- -\n", + "html": "<p>Foo\n= =</p>\n<p>Foo</p>\n<hr />\n", + "example": 88, + "start_line": 1464, + "end_line": 1475, + "section": "Setext headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "Foo \n-----\n", + "html": "<h2>Foo</h2>\n", + "example": 89, + "start_line": 1480, + "end_line": 1485, + "section": "Setext headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "Foo\\\n----\n", + "html": "<h2>Foo\\</h2>\n", + "example": 90, + "start_line": 1490, + "end_line": 1495, + "section": "Setext headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "`Foo\n----\n`\n\n<a title=\"a lot\n---\nof dashes\"/>\n", + "html": "<h2>`Foo</h2>\n<p>`</p>\n<h2><a title="a lot</h2>\n<p>of dashes"/></p>\n", + "example": 91, + "start_line": 1501, + "end_line": 1514, + "section": "Setext headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "> Foo\n---\n", + "html": "<blockquote>\n<p>Foo</p>\n</blockquote>\n<hr />\n", + "example": 92, + "start_line": 1520, + "end_line": 1528, + "section": "Setext headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "> foo\nbar\n===\n", + "html": "<blockquote>\n<p>foo\nbar\n===</p>\n</blockquote>\n", + "example": 93, + "start_line": 1531, + "end_line": 1541, + "section": "Setext headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "- Foo\n---\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li>Foo</li>\n</ul>\n<hr />\n", + "example": 94, + "start_line": 1544, + "end_line": 1552, + "section": "Setext headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "Foo\nBar\n---\n", + "html": "<h2>Foo\nBar</h2>\n", + "example": 95, + "start_line": 1559, + "end_line": 1566, + "section": "Setext headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "---\nFoo\n---\nBar\n---\nBaz\n", + "html": "<hr />\n<h2>Foo</h2>\n<h2>Bar</h2>\n<p>Baz</p>\n", + "example": 96, + "start_line": 1572, + "end_line": 1584, + "section": "Setext headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "\n====\n", + "html": "<p>====</p>\n", + "example": 97, + "start_line": 1589, + "end_line": 1594, + "section": "Setext headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "---\n---\n", + "html": "<hr />\n<hr />\n", + "example": 98, + "start_line": 1601, + "end_line": 1607, + "section": "Setext headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "- foo\n-----\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li>foo</li>\n</ul>\n<hr />\n", + "example": 99, + "start_line": 1610, + "end_line": 1618, + "section": "Setext headings" + }, + { + "markdown": " foo\n---\n", + "html": "<pre><code>foo\n</code></pre>\n<hr />\n", + "example": 100, + "start_line": 1621, + "end_line": 1628, + "section": "Setext headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "> foo\n-----\n", + "html": "<blockquote>\n<p>foo</p>\n</blockquote>\n<hr />\n", + "example": 101, + "start_line": 1631, + "end_line": 1639, + "section": "Setext headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "\\> foo\n------\n", + "html": "<h2>> foo</h2>\n", + "example": 102, + "start_line": 1645, + "end_line": 1650, + "section": "Setext headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "Foo\n\nbar\n---\nbaz\n", + "html": "<p>Foo</p>\n<h2>bar</h2>\n<p>baz</p>\n", + "example": 103, + "start_line": 1676, + "end_line": 1686, + "section": "Setext headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "Foo\nbar\n\n---\n\nbaz\n", + "html": "<p>Foo\nbar</p>\n<hr />\n<p>baz</p>\n", + "example": 104, + "start_line": 1692, + "end_line": 1704, + "section": "Setext headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "Foo\nbar\n* * *\nbaz\n", + "html": "<p>Foo\nbar</p>\n<hr />\n<p>baz</p>\n", + "example": 105, + "start_line": 1710, + "end_line": 1720, + "section": "Setext headings" + }, + { + "markdown": "Foo\nbar\n\\---\nbaz\n", + "html": "<p>Foo\nbar\n---\nbaz</p>\n", + "example": 106, + "start_line": 1725, + "end_line": 1735, + "section": "Setext headings" + }, + { + "markdown": " a simple\n indented code block\n", + "html": "<pre><code>a simple\n indented code block\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 107, + "start_line": 1753, + "end_line": 1760, + "section": "Indented code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": " - foo\n\n bar\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li>\n<p>foo</p>\n<p>bar</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n", + "example": 108, + "start_line": 1767, + "end_line": 1778, + "section": "Indented code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "1. foo\n\n - bar\n", + "html": "<ol>\n<li>\n<p>foo</p>\n<ul>\n<li>bar</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ol>\n", + "example": 109, + "start_line": 1781, + "end_line": 1794, + "section": "Indented code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": " <a/>\n *hi*\n\n - one\n", + "html": "<pre><code><a/>\n*hi*\n\n- one\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 110, + "start_line": 1801, + "end_line": 1812, + "section": "Indented code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": " chunk1\n\n chunk2\n \n \n \n chunk3\n", + "html": "<pre><code>chunk1\n\nchunk2\n\n\n\nchunk3\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 111, + "start_line": 1817, + "end_line": 1834, + "section": "Indented code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": " chunk1\n \n chunk2\n", + "html": "<pre><code>chunk1\n \n chunk2\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 112, + "start_line": 1840, + "end_line": 1849, + "section": "Indented code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "Foo\n bar\n\n", + "html": "<p>Foo\nbar</p>\n", + "example": 113, + "start_line": 1855, + "end_line": 1862, + "section": "Indented code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": " foo\nbar\n", + "html": "<pre><code>foo\n</code></pre>\n<p>bar</p>\n", + "example": 114, + "start_line": 1869, + "end_line": 1876, + "section": "Indented code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "# Heading\n foo\nHeading\n------\n foo\n----\n", + "html": "<h1>Heading</h1>\n<pre><code>foo\n</code></pre>\n<h2>Heading</h2>\n<pre><code>foo\n</code></pre>\n<hr />\n", + "example": 115, + "start_line": 1882, + "end_line": 1897, + "section": "Indented code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": " foo\n bar\n", + "html": "<pre><code> foo\nbar\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 116, + "start_line": 1902, + "end_line": 1909, + "section": "Indented code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "\n \n foo\n \n\n", + "html": "<pre><code>foo\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 117, + "start_line": 1915, + "end_line": 1924, + "section": "Indented code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": " foo \n", + "html": "<pre><code>foo \n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 118, + "start_line": 1929, + "end_line": 1934, + "section": "Indented code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "```\n<\n >\n```\n", + "html": "<pre><code><\n >\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 119, + "start_line": 1984, + "end_line": 1993, + "section": "Fenced code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "~~~\n<\n >\n~~~\n", + "html": "<pre><code><\n >\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 120, + "start_line": 1998, + "end_line": 2007, + "section": "Fenced code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "``\nfoo\n``\n", + "html": "<p><code>foo</code></p>\n", + "example": 121, + "start_line": 2011, + "end_line": 2017, + "section": "Fenced code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "```\naaa\n~~~\n```\n", + "html": "<pre><code>aaa\n~~~\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 122, + "start_line": 2022, + "end_line": 2031, + "section": "Fenced code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "~~~\naaa\n```\n~~~\n", + "html": "<pre><code>aaa\n```\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 123, + "start_line": 2034, + "end_line": 2043, + "section": "Fenced code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "````\naaa\n```\n``````\n", + "html": "<pre><code>aaa\n```\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 124, + "start_line": 2048, + "end_line": 2057, + "section": "Fenced code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "~~~~\naaa\n~~~\n~~~~\n", + "html": "<pre><code>aaa\n~~~\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 125, + "start_line": 2060, + "end_line": 2069, + "section": "Fenced code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "```\n", + "html": "<pre><code></code></pre>\n", + "example": 126, + "start_line": 2075, + "end_line": 2079, + "section": "Fenced code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "`````\n\n```\naaa\n", + "html": "<pre><code>\n```\naaa\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 127, + "start_line": 2082, + "end_line": 2092, + "section": "Fenced code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "> ```\n> aaa\n\nbbb\n", + "html": "<blockquote>\n<pre><code>aaa\n</code></pre>\n</blockquote>\n<p>bbb</p>\n", + "example": 128, + "start_line": 2095, + "end_line": 2106, + "section": "Fenced code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "```\n\n \n```\n", + "html": "<pre><code>\n \n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 129, + "start_line": 2111, + "end_line": 2120, + "section": "Fenced code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "```\n```\n", + "html": "<pre><code></code></pre>\n", + "example": 130, + "start_line": 2125, + "end_line": 2130, + "section": "Fenced code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": " ```\n aaa\naaa\n```\n", + "html": "<pre><code>aaa\naaa\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 131, + "start_line": 2137, + "end_line": 2146, + "section": "Fenced code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": " ```\naaa\n aaa\naaa\n ```\n", + "html": "<pre><code>aaa\naaa\naaa\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 132, + "start_line": 2149, + "end_line": 2160, + "section": "Fenced code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": " ```\n aaa\n aaa\n aaa\n ```\n", + "html": "<pre><code>aaa\n aaa\naaa\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 133, + "start_line": 2163, + "end_line": 2174, + "section": "Fenced code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": " ```\n aaa\n ```\n", + "html": "<pre><code>```\naaa\n```\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 134, + "start_line": 2179, + "end_line": 2188, + "section": "Fenced code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "```\naaa\n ```\n", + "html": "<pre><code>aaa\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 135, + "start_line": 2194, + "end_line": 2201, + "section": "Fenced code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": " ```\naaa\n ```\n", + "html": "<pre><code>aaa\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 136, + "start_line": 2204, + "end_line": 2211, + "section": "Fenced code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "```\naaa\n ```\n", + "html": "<pre><code>aaa\n ```\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 137, + "start_line": 2216, + "end_line": 2224, + "section": "Fenced code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "``` ```\naaa\n", + "html": "<p><code> </code>\naaa</p>\n", + "example": 138, + "start_line": 2230, + "end_line": 2236, + "section": "Fenced code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "~~~~~~\naaa\n~~~ ~~\n", + "html": "<pre><code>aaa\n~~~ ~~\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 139, + "start_line": 2239, + "end_line": 2247, + "section": "Fenced code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "foo\n```\nbar\n```\nbaz\n", + "html": "<p>foo</p>\n<pre><code>bar\n</code></pre>\n<p>baz</p>\n", + "example": 140, + "start_line": 2253, + "end_line": 2264, + "section": "Fenced code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "foo\n---\n~~~\nbar\n~~~\n# baz\n", + "html": "<h2>foo</h2>\n<pre><code>bar\n</code></pre>\n<h1>baz</h1>\n", + "example": 141, + "start_line": 2270, + "end_line": 2282, + "section": "Fenced code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "```ruby\ndef foo(x)\n return 3\nend\n```\n", + "html": "<pre><code class=\"language-ruby\">def foo(x)\n return 3\nend\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 142, + "start_line": 2292, + "end_line": 2303, + "section": "Fenced code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "~~~~ ruby startline=3 $%@#$\ndef foo(x)\n return 3\nend\n~~~~~~~\n", + "html": "<pre><code class=\"language-ruby\">def foo(x)\n return 3\nend\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 143, + "start_line": 2306, + "end_line": 2317, + "section": "Fenced code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "````;\n````\n", + "html": "<pre><code class=\"language-;\"></code></pre>\n", + "example": 144, + "start_line": 2320, + "end_line": 2325, + "section": "Fenced code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "``` aa ```\nfoo\n", + "html": "<p><code>aa</code>\nfoo</p>\n", + "example": 145, + "start_line": 2330, + "end_line": 2336, + "section": "Fenced code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "~~~ aa ``` ~~~\nfoo\n~~~\n", + "html": "<pre><code class=\"language-aa\">foo\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 146, + "start_line": 2341, + "end_line": 2348, + "section": "Fenced code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "```\n``` aaa\n```\n", + "html": "<pre><code>``` aaa\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 147, + "start_line": 2353, + "end_line": 2360, + "section": "Fenced code blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<table><tr><td>\n<pre>\n**Hello**,\n\n_world_.\n</pre>\n</td></tr></table>\n", + "html": "<table><tr><td>\n<pre>\n**Hello**,\n<p><em>world</em>.\n</pre></p>\n</td></tr></table>\n", + "example": 148, + "start_line": 2432, + "end_line": 2447, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<table>\n <tr>\n <td>\n hi\n </td>\n </tr>\n</table>\n\nokay.\n", + "html": "<table>\n <tr>\n <td>\n hi\n </td>\n </tr>\n</table>\n<p>okay.</p>\n", + "example": 149, + "start_line": 2461, + "end_line": 2480, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": " <div>\n *hello*\n <foo><a>\n", + "html": " <div>\n *hello*\n <foo><a>\n", + "example": 150, + "start_line": 2483, + "end_line": 2491, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "</div>\n*foo*\n", + "html": "</div>\n*foo*\n", + "example": 151, + "start_line": 2496, + "end_line": 2502, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<DIV CLASS=\"foo\">\n\n*Markdown*\n\n</DIV>\n", + "html": "<DIV CLASS=\"foo\">\n<p><em>Markdown</em></p>\n</DIV>\n", + "example": 152, + "start_line": 2507, + "end_line": 2517, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<div id=\"foo\"\n class=\"bar\">\n</div>\n", + "html": "<div id=\"foo\"\n class=\"bar\">\n</div>\n", + "example": 153, + "start_line": 2523, + "end_line": 2531, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<div id=\"foo\" class=\"bar\n baz\">\n</div>\n", + "html": "<div id=\"foo\" class=\"bar\n baz\">\n</div>\n", + "example": 154, + "start_line": 2534, + "end_line": 2542, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<div>\n*foo*\n\n*bar*\n", + "html": "<div>\n*foo*\n<p><em>bar</em></p>\n", + "example": 155, + "start_line": 2546, + "end_line": 2555, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<div id=\"foo\"\n*hi*\n", + "html": "<div id=\"foo\"\n*hi*\n", + "example": 156, + "start_line": 2562, + "end_line": 2568, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<div class\nfoo\n", + "html": "<div class\nfoo\n", + "example": 157, + "start_line": 2571, + "end_line": 2577, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<div *???-&&&-<---\n*foo*\n", + "html": "<div *???-&&&-<---\n*foo*\n", + "example": 158, + "start_line": 2583, + "end_line": 2589, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<div><a href=\"bar\">*foo*</a></div>\n", + "html": "<div><a href=\"bar\">*foo*</a></div>\n", + "example": 159, + "start_line": 2595, + "end_line": 2599, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<table><tr><td>\nfoo\n</td></tr></table>\n", + "html": "<table><tr><td>\nfoo\n</td></tr></table>\n", + "example": 160, + "start_line": 2602, + "end_line": 2610, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<div></div>\n``` c\nint x = 33;\n```\n", + "html": "<div></div>\n``` c\nint x = 33;\n```\n", + "example": 161, + "start_line": 2619, + "end_line": 2629, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<a href=\"foo\">\n*bar*\n</a>\n", + "html": "<a href=\"foo\">\n*bar*\n</a>\n", + "example": 162, + "start_line": 2636, + "end_line": 2644, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<Warning>\n*bar*\n</Warning>\n", + "html": "<Warning>\n*bar*\n</Warning>\n", + "example": 163, + "start_line": 2649, + "end_line": 2657, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<i class=\"foo\">\n*bar*\n</i>\n", + "html": "<i class=\"foo\">\n*bar*\n</i>\n", + "example": 164, + "start_line": 2660, + "end_line": 2668, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "</ins>\n*bar*\n", + "html": "</ins>\n*bar*\n", + "example": 165, + "start_line": 2671, + "end_line": 2677, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<del>\n*foo*\n</del>\n", + "html": "<del>\n*foo*\n</del>\n", + "example": 166, + "start_line": 2686, + "end_line": 2694, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<del>\n\n*foo*\n\n</del>\n", + "html": "<del>\n<p><em>foo</em></p>\n</del>\n", + "example": 167, + "start_line": 2701, + "end_line": 2711, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<del>*foo*</del>\n", + "html": "<p><del><em>foo</em></del></p>\n", + "example": 168, + "start_line": 2719, + "end_line": 2723, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<pre language=\"haskell\"><code>\nimport Text.HTML.TagSoup\n\nmain :: IO ()\nmain = print $ parseTags tags\n</code></pre>\nokay\n", + "html": "<pre language=\"haskell\"><code>\nimport Text.HTML.TagSoup\n\nmain :: IO ()\nmain = print $ parseTags tags\n</code></pre>\n<p>okay</p>\n", + "example": 169, + "start_line": 2735, + "end_line": 2751, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<script type=\"text/javascript\">\n// JavaScript example\n\ndocument.getElementById(\"demo\").innerHTML = \"Hello JavaScript!\";\n</script>\nokay\n", + "html": "<script type=\"text/javascript\">\n// JavaScript example\n\ndocument.getElementById(\"demo\").innerHTML = \"Hello JavaScript!\";\n</script>\n<p>okay</p>\n", + "example": 170, + "start_line": 2756, + "end_line": 2770, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<textarea>\n\n*foo*\n\n_bar_\n\n</textarea>\n", + "html": "<textarea>\n\n*foo*\n\n_bar_\n\n</textarea>\n", + "example": 171, + "start_line": 2775, + "end_line": 2791, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<style\n type=\"text/css\">\nh1 {color:red;}\n\np {color:blue;}\n</style>\nokay\n", + "html": "<style\n type=\"text/css\">\nh1 {color:red;}\n\np {color:blue;}\n</style>\n<p>okay</p>\n", + "example": 172, + "start_line": 2795, + "end_line": 2811, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<style\n type=\"text/css\">\n\nfoo\n", + "html": "<style\n type=\"text/css\">\n\nfoo\n", + "example": 173, + "start_line": 2818, + "end_line": 2828, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "> <div>\n> foo\n\nbar\n", + "html": "<blockquote>\n<div>\nfoo\n</blockquote>\n<p>bar</p>\n", + "example": 174, + "start_line": 2831, + "end_line": 2842, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "- <div>\n- foo\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li>\n<div>\n</li>\n<li>foo</li>\n</ul>\n", + "example": 175, + "start_line": 2845, + "end_line": 2855, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<style>p{color:red;}</style>\n*foo*\n", + "html": "<style>p{color:red;}</style>\n<p><em>foo</em></p>\n", + "example": 176, + "start_line": 2860, + "end_line": 2866, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<!-- foo -->*bar*\n*baz*\n", + "html": "<!-- foo -->*bar*\n<p><em>baz</em></p>\n", + "example": 177, + "start_line": 2869, + "end_line": 2875, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<script>\nfoo\n</script>1. *bar*\n", + "html": "<script>\nfoo\n</script>1. *bar*\n", + "example": 178, + "start_line": 2881, + "end_line": 2889, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<!-- Foo\n\nbar\n baz -->\nokay\n", + "html": "<!-- Foo\n\nbar\n baz -->\n<p>okay</p>\n", + "example": 179, + "start_line": 2894, + "end_line": 2906, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<?php\n\n echo '>';\n\n?>\nokay\n", + "html": "<?php\n\n echo '>';\n\n?>\n<p>okay</p>\n", + "example": 180, + "start_line": 2912, + "end_line": 2926, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n", + "html": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n", + "example": 181, + "start_line": 2931, + "end_line": 2935, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<![CDATA[\nfunction matchwo(a,b)\n{\n if (a < b && a < 0) then {\n return 1;\n\n } else {\n\n return 0;\n }\n}\n]]>\nokay\n", + "html": "<![CDATA[\nfunction matchwo(a,b)\n{\n if (a < b && a < 0) then {\n return 1;\n\n } else {\n\n return 0;\n }\n}\n]]>\n<p>okay</p>\n", + "example": 182, + "start_line": 2940, + "end_line": 2968, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": " <!-- foo -->\n\n <!-- foo -->\n", + "html": " <!-- foo -->\n<pre><code><!-- foo -->\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 183, + "start_line": 2974, + "end_line": 2982, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": " <div>\n\n <div>\n", + "html": " <div>\n<pre><code><div>\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 184, + "start_line": 2985, + "end_line": 2993, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "Foo\n<div>\nbar\n</div>\n", + "html": "<p>Foo</p>\n<div>\nbar\n</div>\n", + "example": 185, + "start_line": 2999, + "end_line": 3009, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<div>\nbar\n</div>\n*foo*\n", + "html": "<div>\nbar\n</div>\n*foo*\n", + "example": 186, + "start_line": 3016, + "end_line": 3026, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "Foo\n<a href=\"bar\">\nbaz\n", + "html": "<p>Foo\n<a href=\"bar\">\nbaz</p>\n", + "example": 187, + "start_line": 3031, + "end_line": 3039, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<div>\n\n*Emphasized* text.\n\n</div>\n", + "html": "<div>\n<p><em>Emphasized</em> text.</p>\n</div>\n", + "example": 188, + "start_line": 3072, + "end_line": 3082, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<div>\n*Emphasized* text.\n</div>\n", + "html": "<div>\n*Emphasized* text.\n</div>\n", + "example": 189, + "start_line": 3085, + "end_line": 3093, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<table>\n\n<tr>\n\n<td>\nHi\n</td>\n\n</tr>\n\n</table>\n", + "html": "<table>\n<tr>\n<td>\nHi\n</td>\n</tr>\n</table>\n", + "example": 190, + "start_line": 3107, + "end_line": 3127, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<table>\n\n <tr>\n\n <td>\n Hi\n </td>\n\n </tr>\n\n</table>\n", + "html": "<table>\n <tr>\n<pre><code><td>\n Hi\n</td>\n</code></pre>\n </tr>\n</table>\n", + "example": 191, + "start_line": 3134, + "end_line": 3155, + "section": "HTML blocks" + }, + { + "markdown": "[foo]: /url \"title\"\n\n[foo]\n", + "html": "<p><a href=\"/url\" title=\"title\">foo</a></p>\n", + "example": 192, + "start_line": 3183, + "end_line": 3189, + "section": "Link reference definitions" + }, + { + "markdown": " [foo]: \n /url \n 'the title' \n\n[foo]\n", + "html": "<p><a href=\"/url\" title=\"the title\">foo</a></p>\n", + "example": 193, + "start_line": 3192, + "end_line": 3200, + "section": "Link reference definitions" + }, + { + "markdown": "[Foo*bar\\]]:my_(url) 'title (with parens)'\n\n[Foo*bar\\]]\n", + "html": "<p><a href=\"my_(url)\" title=\"title (with parens)\">Foo*bar]</a></p>\n", + "example": 194, + "start_line": 3203, + "end_line": 3209, + "section": "Link reference definitions" + }, + { + "markdown": "[Foo bar]:\n<my url>\n'title'\n\n[Foo bar]\n", + "html": "<p><a href=\"my%20url\" title=\"title\">Foo bar</a></p>\n", + "example": 195, + "start_line": 3212, + "end_line": 3220, + "section": "Link reference definitions" + }, + { + "markdown": "[foo]: /url '\ntitle\nline1\nline2\n'\n\n[foo]\n", + "html": "<p><a href=\"/url\" title=\"\ntitle\nline1\nline2\n\">foo</a></p>\n", + "example": 196, + "start_line": 3225, + "end_line": 3239, + "section": "Link reference definitions" + }, + { + "markdown": "[foo]: /url 'title\n\nwith blank line'\n\n[foo]\n", + "html": "<p>[foo]: /url 'title</p>\n<p>with blank line'</p>\n<p>[foo]</p>\n", + "example": 197, + "start_line": 3244, + "end_line": 3254, + "section": "Link reference definitions" + }, + { + "markdown": "[foo]:\n/url\n\n[foo]\n", + "html": "<p><a href=\"/url\">foo</a></p>\n", + "example": 198, + "start_line": 3259, + "end_line": 3266, + "section": "Link reference definitions" + }, + { + "markdown": "[foo]:\n\n[foo]\n", + "html": "<p>[foo]:</p>\n<p>[foo]</p>\n", + "example": 199, + "start_line": 3271, + "end_line": 3278, + "section": "Link reference definitions" + }, + { + "markdown": "[foo]: <>\n\n[foo]\n", + "html": "<p><a href=\"\">foo</a></p>\n", + "example": 200, + "start_line": 3283, + "end_line": 3289, + "section": "Link reference definitions" + }, + { + "markdown": "[foo]: <bar>(baz)\n\n[foo]\n", + "html": "<p>[foo]: <bar>(baz)</p>\n<p>[foo]</p>\n", + "example": 201, + "start_line": 3294, + "end_line": 3301, + "section": "Link reference definitions" + }, + { + "markdown": "[foo]: /url\\bar\\*baz \"foo\\\"bar\\baz\"\n\n[foo]\n", + "html": "<p><a href=\"/url%5Cbar*baz\" title=\"foo"bar\\baz\">foo</a></p>\n", + "example": 202, + "start_line": 3307, + "end_line": 3313, + "section": "Link reference definitions" + }, + { + "markdown": "[foo]\n\n[foo]: url\n", + "html": "<p><a href=\"url\">foo</a></p>\n", + "example": 203, + "start_line": 3318, + "end_line": 3324, + "section": "Link reference definitions" + }, + { + "markdown": "[foo]\n\n[foo]: first\n[foo]: second\n", + "html": "<p><a href=\"first\">foo</a></p>\n", + "example": 204, + "start_line": 3330, + "end_line": 3337, + "section": "Link reference definitions" + }, + { + "markdown": "[FOO]: /url\n\n[Foo]\n", + "html": "<p><a href=\"/url\">Foo</a></p>\n", + "example": 205, + "start_line": 3343, + "end_line": 3349, + "section": "Link reference definitions" + }, + { + "markdown": "[ΑΓΩ]: /φου\n\n[αγω]\n", + "html": "<p><a href=\"/%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%85\">αγω</a></p>\n", + "example": 206, + "start_line": 3352, + "end_line": 3358, + "section": "Link reference definitions" + }, + { + "markdown": "[foo]: /url\n", + "html": "", + "example": 207, + "start_line": 3367, + "end_line": 3370, + "section": "Link reference definitions" + }, + { + "markdown": "[\nfoo\n]: /url\nbar\n", + "html": "<p>bar</p>\n", + "example": 208, + "start_line": 3375, + "end_line": 3382, + "section": "Link reference definitions" + }, + { + "markdown": "[foo]: /url \"title\" ok\n", + "html": "<p>[foo]: /url "title" ok</p>\n", + "example": 209, + "start_line": 3388, + "end_line": 3392, + "section": "Link reference definitions" + }, + { + "markdown": "[foo]: /url\n\"title\" ok\n", + "html": "<p>"title" ok</p>\n", + "example": 210, + "start_line": 3397, + "end_line": 3402, + "section": "Link reference definitions" + }, + { + "markdown": " [foo]: /url \"title\"\n\n[foo]\n", + "html": "<pre><code>[foo]: /url "title"\n</code></pre>\n<p>[foo]</p>\n", + "example": 211, + "start_line": 3408, + "end_line": 3416, + "section": "Link reference definitions" + }, + { + "markdown": "```\n[foo]: /url\n```\n\n[foo]\n", + "html": "<pre><code>[foo]: /url\n</code></pre>\n<p>[foo]</p>\n", + "example": 212, + "start_line": 3422, + "end_line": 3432, + "section": "Link reference definitions" + }, + { + "markdown": "Foo\n[bar]: /baz\n\n[bar]\n", + "html": "<p>Foo\n[bar]: /baz</p>\n<p>[bar]</p>\n", + "example": 213, + "start_line": 3437, + "end_line": 3446, + "section": "Link reference definitions" + }, + { + "markdown": "# [Foo]\n[foo]: /url\n> bar\n", + "html": "<h1><a href=\"/url\">Foo</a></h1>\n<blockquote>\n<p>bar</p>\n</blockquote>\n", + "example": 214, + "start_line": 3452, + "end_line": 3461, + "section": "Link reference definitions" + }, + { + "markdown": "[foo]: /url\nbar\n===\n[foo]\n", + "html": "<h1>bar</h1>\n<p><a href=\"/url\">foo</a></p>\n", + "example": 215, + "start_line": 3463, + "end_line": 3471, + "section": "Link reference definitions" + }, + { + "markdown": "[foo]: /url\n===\n[foo]\n", + "html": "<p>===\n<a href=\"/url\">foo</a></p>\n", + "example": 216, + "start_line": 3473, + "end_line": 3480, + "section": "Link reference definitions" + }, + { + "markdown": "[foo]: /foo-url \"foo\"\n[bar]: /bar-url\n \"bar\"\n[baz]: /baz-url\n\n[foo],\n[bar],\n[baz]\n", + "html": "<p><a href=\"/foo-url\" title=\"foo\">foo</a>,\n<a href=\"/bar-url\" title=\"bar\">bar</a>,\n<a href=\"/baz-url\">baz</a></p>\n", + "example": 217, + "start_line": 3486, + "end_line": 3499, + "section": "Link reference definitions" + }, + { + "markdown": "[foo]\n\n> [foo]: /url\n", + "html": "<p><a href=\"/url\">foo</a></p>\n<blockquote>\n</blockquote>\n", + "example": 218, + "start_line": 3507, + "end_line": 3515, + "section": "Link reference definitions" + }, + { + "markdown": "aaa\n\nbbb\n", + "html": "<p>aaa</p>\n<p>bbb</p>\n", + "example": 219, + "start_line": 3529, + "end_line": 3536, + "section": "Paragraphs" + }, + { + "markdown": "aaa\nbbb\n\nccc\nddd\n", + "html": "<p>aaa\nbbb</p>\n<p>ccc\nddd</p>\n", + "example": 220, + "start_line": 3541, + "end_line": 3552, + "section": "Paragraphs" + }, + { + "markdown": "aaa\n\n\nbbb\n", + "html": "<p>aaa</p>\n<p>bbb</p>\n", + "example": 221, + "start_line": 3557, + "end_line": 3565, + "section": "Paragraphs" + }, + { + "markdown": " aaa\n bbb\n", + "html": "<p>aaa\nbbb</p>\n", + "example": 222, + "start_line": 3570, + "end_line": 3576, + "section": "Paragraphs" + }, + { + "markdown": "aaa\n bbb\n ccc\n", + "html": "<p>aaa\nbbb\nccc</p>\n", + "example": 223, + "start_line": 3582, + "end_line": 3590, + "section": "Paragraphs" + }, + { + "markdown": " aaa\nbbb\n", + "html": "<p>aaa\nbbb</p>\n", + "example": 224, + "start_line": 3596, + "end_line": 3602, + "section": "Paragraphs" + }, + { + "markdown": " aaa\nbbb\n", + "html": "<pre><code>aaa\n</code></pre>\n<p>bbb</p>\n", + "example": 225, + "start_line": 3605, + "end_line": 3612, + "section": "Paragraphs" + }, + { + "markdown": "aaa \nbbb \n", + "html": "<p>aaa<br />\nbbb</p>\n", + "example": 226, + "start_line": 3619, + "end_line": 3625, + "section": "Paragraphs" + }, + { + "markdown": " \n\naaa\n \n\n# aaa\n\n \n", + "html": "<p>aaa</p>\n<h1>aaa</h1>\n", + "example": 227, + "start_line": 3636, + "end_line": 3648, + "section": "Blank lines" + }, + { + "markdown": "> # Foo\n> bar\n> baz\n", + "html": "<blockquote>\n<h1>Foo</h1>\n<p>bar\nbaz</p>\n</blockquote>\n", + "example": 228, + "start_line": 3704, + "end_line": 3714, + "section": "Block quotes" + }, + { + "markdown": "># Foo\n>bar\n> baz\n", + "html": "<blockquote>\n<h1>Foo</h1>\n<p>bar\nbaz</p>\n</blockquote>\n", + "example": 229, + "start_line": 3719, + "end_line": 3729, + "section": "Block quotes" + }, + { + "markdown": " > # Foo\n > bar\n > baz\n", + "html": "<blockquote>\n<h1>Foo</h1>\n<p>bar\nbaz</p>\n</blockquote>\n", + "example": 230, + "start_line": 3734, + "end_line": 3744, + "section": "Block quotes" + }, + { + "markdown": " > # Foo\n > bar\n > baz\n", + "html": "<pre><code>> # Foo\n> bar\n> baz\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 231, + "start_line": 3749, + "end_line": 3758, + "section": "Block quotes" + }, + { + "markdown": "> # Foo\n> bar\nbaz\n", + "html": "<blockquote>\n<h1>Foo</h1>\n<p>bar\nbaz</p>\n</blockquote>\n", + "example": 232, + "start_line": 3764, + "end_line": 3774, + "section": "Block quotes" + }, + { + "markdown": "> bar\nbaz\n> foo\n", + "html": "<blockquote>\n<p>bar\nbaz\nfoo</p>\n</blockquote>\n", + "example": 233, + "start_line": 3780, + "end_line": 3790, + "section": "Block quotes" + }, + { + "markdown": "> foo\n---\n", + "html": "<blockquote>\n<p>foo</p>\n</blockquote>\n<hr />\n", + "example": 234, + "start_line": 3804, + "end_line": 3812, + "section": "Block quotes" + }, + { + "markdown": "> - foo\n- bar\n", + "html": "<blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li>foo</li>\n</ul>\n</blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li>bar</li>\n</ul>\n", + "example": 235, + "start_line": 3824, + "end_line": 3836, + "section": "Block quotes" + }, + { + "markdown": "> foo\n bar\n", + "html": "<blockquote>\n<pre><code>foo\n</code></pre>\n</blockquote>\n<pre><code>bar\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 236, + "start_line": 3842, + "end_line": 3852, + "section": "Block quotes" + }, + { + "markdown": "> ```\nfoo\n```\n", + "html": "<blockquote>\n<pre><code></code></pre>\n</blockquote>\n<p>foo</p>\n<pre><code></code></pre>\n", + "example": 237, + "start_line": 3855, + "end_line": 3865, + "section": "Block quotes" + }, + { + "markdown": "> foo\n - bar\n", + "html": "<blockquote>\n<p>foo\n- bar</p>\n</blockquote>\n", + "example": 238, + "start_line": 3871, + "end_line": 3879, + "section": "Block quotes" + }, + { + "markdown": ">\n", + "html": "<blockquote>\n</blockquote>\n", + "example": 239, + "start_line": 3895, + "end_line": 3900, + "section": "Block quotes" + }, + { + "markdown": ">\n> \n> \n", + "html": "<blockquote>\n</blockquote>\n", + "example": 240, + "start_line": 3903, + "end_line": 3910, + "section": "Block quotes" + }, + { + "markdown": ">\n> foo\n> \n", + "html": "<blockquote>\n<p>foo</p>\n</blockquote>\n", + "example": 241, + "start_line": 3915, + "end_line": 3923, + "section": "Block quotes" + }, + { + "markdown": "> foo\n\n> bar\n", + "html": "<blockquote>\n<p>foo</p>\n</blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p>bar</p>\n</blockquote>\n", + "example": 242, + "start_line": 3928, + "end_line": 3939, + "section": "Block quotes" + }, + { + "markdown": "> foo\n> bar\n", + "html": "<blockquote>\n<p>foo\nbar</p>\n</blockquote>\n", + "example": 243, + "start_line": 3950, + "end_line": 3958, + "section": "Block quotes" + }, + { + "markdown": "> foo\n>\n> bar\n", + "html": "<blockquote>\n<p>foo</p>\n<p>bar</p>\n</blockquote>\n", + "example": 244, + "start_line": 3963, + "end_line": 3972, + "section": "Block quotes" + }, + { + "markdown": "foo\n> bar\n", + "html": "<p>foo</p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>bar</p>\n</blockquote>\n", + "example": 245, + "start_line": 3977, + "end_line": 3985, + "section": "Block quotes" + }, + { + "markdown": "> aaa\n***\n> bbb\n", + "html": "<blockquote>\n<p>aaa</p>\n</blockquote>\n<hr />\n<blockquote>\n<p>bbb</p>\n</blockquote>\n", + "example": 246, + "start_line": 3991, + "end_line": 4003, + "section": "Block quotes" + }, + { + "markdown": "> bar\nbaz\n", + "html": "<blockquote>\n<p>bar\nbaz</p>\n</blockquote>\n", + "example": 247, + "start_line": 4009, + "end_line": 4017, + "section": "Block quotes" + }, + { + "markdown": "> bar\n\nbaz\n", + "html": "<blockquote>\n<p>bar</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p>baz</p>\n", + "example": 248, + "start_line": 4020, + "end_line": 4029, + "section": "Block quotes" + }, + { + "markdown": "> bar\n>\nbaz\n", + "html": "<blockquote>\n<p>bar</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p>baz</p>\n", + "example": 249, + "start_line": 4032, + "end_line": 4041, + "section": "Block quotes" + }, + { + "markdown": "> > > foo\nbar\n", + "html": "<blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p>foo\nbar</p>\n</blockquote>\n</blockquote>\n</blockquote>\n", + "example": 250, + "start_line": 4048, + "end_line": 4060, + "section": "Block quotes" + }, + { + "markdown": ">>> foo\n> bar\n>>baz\n", + "html": "<blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p>foo\nbar\nbaz</p>\n</blockquote>\n</blockquote>\n</blockquote>\n", + "example": 251, + "start_line": 4063, + "end_line": 4077, + "section": "Block quotes" + }, + { + "markdown": "> code\n\n> not code\n", + "html": "<blockquote>\n<pre><code>code\n</code></pre>\n</blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p>not code</p>\n</blockquote>\n", + "example": 252, + "start_line": 4085, + "end_line": 4097, + "section": "Block quotes" + }, + { + "markdown": "A paragraph\nwith two lines.\n\n indented code\n\n> A block quote.\n", + "html": "<p>A paragraph\nwith two lines.</p>\n<pre><code>indented code\n</code></pre>\n<blockquote>\n<p>A block quote.</p>\n</blockquote>\n", + "example": 253, + "start_line": 4139, + "end_line": 4154, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": "1. A paragraph\n with two lines.\n\n indented code\n\n > A block quote.\n", + "html": "<ol>\n<li>\n<p>A paragraph\nwith two lines.</p>\n<pre><code>indented code\n</code></pre>\n<blockquote>\n<p>A block quote.</p>\n</blockquote>\n</li>\n</ol>\n", + "example": 254, + "start_line": 4161, + "end_line": 4180, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": "- one\n\n two\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li>one</li>\n</ul>\n<p>two</p>\n", + "example": 255, + "start_line": 4194, + "end_line": 4203, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": "- one\n\n two\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li>\n<p>one</p>\n<p>two</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n", + "example": 256, + "start_line": 4206, + "end_line": 4217, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": " - one\n\n two\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li>one</li>\n</ul>\n<pre><code> two\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 257, + "start_line": 4220, + "end_line": 4230, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": " - one\n\n two\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li>\n<p>one</p>\n<p>two</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n", + "example": 258, + "start_line": 4233, + "end_line": 4244, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": " > > 1. one\n>>\n>> two\n", + "html": "<blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>one</p>\n<p>two</p>\n</li>\n</ol>\n</blockquote>\n</blockquote>\n", + "example": 259, + "start_line": 4255, + "end_line": 4270, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": ">>- one\n>>\n > > two\n", + "html": "<blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li>one</li>\n</ul>\n<p>two</p>\n</blockquote>\n</blockquote>\n", + "example": 260, + "start_line": 4282, + "end_line": 4295, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": "-one\n\n2.two\n", + "html": "<p>-one</p>\n<p>2.two</p>\n", + "example": 261, + "start_line": 4301, + "end_line": 4308, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": "- foo\n\n\n bar\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li>\n<p>foo</p>\n<p>bar</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n", + "example": 262, + "start_line": 4314, + "end_line": 4326, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": "1. foo\n\n ```\n bar\n ```\n\n baz\n\n > bam\n", + "html": "<ol>\n<li>\n<p>foo</p>\n<pre><code>bar\n</code></pre>\n<p>baz</p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>bam</p>\n</blockquote>\n</li>\n</ol>\n", + "example": 263, + "start_line": 4331, + "end_line": 4353, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": "- Foo\n\n bar\n\n\n baz\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Foo</p>\n<pre><code>bar\n\n\nbaz\n</code></pre>\n</li>\n</ul>\n", + "example": 264, + "start_line": 4359, + "end_line": 4377, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": "123456789. ok\n", + "html": "<ol start=\"123456789\">\n<li>ok</li>\n</ol>\n", + "example": 265, + "start_line": 4381, + "end_line": 4387, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": "1234567890. not ok\n", + "html": "<p>1234567890. not ok</p>\n", + "example": 266, + "start_line": 4390, + "end_line": 4394, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": "0. ok\n", + "html": "<ol start=\"0\">\n<li>ok</li>\n</ol>\n", + "example": 267, + "start_line": 4399, + "end_line": 4405, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": "003. ok\n", + "html": "<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>ok</li>\n</ol>\n", + "example": 268, + "start_line": 4408, + "end_line": 4414, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": "-1. not ok\n", + "html": "<p>-1. not ok</p>\n", + "example": 269, + "start_line": 4419, + "end_line": 4423, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": "- foo\n\n bar\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li>\n<p>foo</p>\n<pre><code>bar\n</code></pre>\n</li>\n</ul>\n", + "example": 270, + "start_line": 4442, + "end_line": 4454, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": " 10. foo\n\n bar\n", + "html": "<ol start=\"10\">\n<li>\n<p>foo</p>\n<pre><code>bar\n</code></pre>\n</li>\n</ol>\n", + "example": 271, + "start_line": 4459, + "end_line": 4471, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": " indented code\n\nparagraph\n\n more code\n", + "html": "<pre><code>indented code\n</code></pre>\n<p>paragraph</p>\n<pre><code>more code\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 272, + "start_line": 4478, + "end_line": 4490, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": "1. indented code\n\n paragraph\n\n more code\n", + "html": "<ol>\n<li>\n<pre><code>indented code\n</code></pre>\n<p>paragraph</p>\n<pre><code>more code\n</code></pre>\n</li>\n</ol>\n", + "example": 273, + "start_line": 4493, + "end_line": 4509, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": "1. indented code\n\n paragraph\n\n more code\n", + "html": "<ol>\n<li>\n<pre><code> indented code\n</code></pre>\n<p>paragraph</p>\n<pre><code>more code\n</code></pre>\n</li>\n</ol>\n", + "example": 274, + "start_line": 4515, + "end_line": 4531, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": " foo\n\nbar\n", + "html": "<p>foo</p>\n<p>bar</p>\n", + "example": 275, + "start_line": 4542, + "end_line": 4549, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": "- foo\n\n bar\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li>foo</li>\n</ul>\n<p>bar</p>\n", + "example": 276, + "start_line": 4552, + "end_line": 4561, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": "- foo\n\n bar\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li>\n<p>foo</p>\n<p>bar</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n", + "example": 277, + "start_line": 4569, + "end_line": 4580, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": "-\n foo\n-\n ```\n bar\n ```\n-\n baz\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li>foo</li>\n<li>\n<pre><code>bar\n</code></pre>\n</li>\n<li>\n<pre><code>baz\n</code></pre>\n</li>\n</ul>\n", + "example": 278, + "start_line": 4596, + "end_line": 4617, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": "- \n foo\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li>foo</li>\n</ul>\n", + "example": 279, + "start_line": 4622, + "end_line": 4629, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": "-\n\n foo\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li></li>\n</ul>\n<p>foo</p>\n", + "example": 280, + "start_line": 4636, + "end_line": 4645, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": "- foo\n-\n- bar\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li>foo</li>\n<li></li>\n<li>bar</li>\n</ul>\n", + "example": 281, + "start_line": 4650, + "end_line": 4660, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": "- foo\n- \n- bar\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li>foo</li>\n<li></li>\n<li>bar</li>\n</ul>\n", + "example": 282, + "start_line": 4665, + "end_line": 4675, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": "1. foo\n2.\n3. bar\n", + "html": "<ol>\n<li>foo</li>\n<li></li>\n<li>bar</li>\n</ol>\n", + "example": 283, + "start_line": 4680, + "end_line": 4690, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": "*\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li></li>\n</ul>\n", + "example": 284, + "start_line": 4695, + "end_line": 4701, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": "foo\n*\n\nfoo\n1.\n", + "html": "<p>foo\n*</p>\n<p>foo\n1.</p>\n", + "example": 285, + "start_line": 4705, + "end_line": 4716, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": " 1. A paragraph\n with two lines.\n\n indented code\n\n > A block quote.\n", + "html": "<ol>\n<li>\n<p>A paragraph\nwith two lines.</p>\n<pre><code>indented code\n</code></pre>\n<blockquote>\n<p>A block quote.</p>\n</blockquote>\n</li>\n</ol>\n", + "example": 286, + "start_line": 4727, + "end_line": 4746, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": " 1. A paragraph\n with two lines.\n\n indented code\n\n > A block quote.\n", + "html": "<ol>\n<li>\n<p>A paragraph\nwith two lines.</p>\n<pre><code>indented code\n</code></pre>\n<blockquote>\n<p>A block quote.</p>\n</blockquote>\n</li>\n</ol>\n", + "example": 287, + "start_line": 4751, + "end_line": 4770, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": " 1. A paragraph\n with two lines.\n\n indented code\n\n > A block quote.\n", + "html": "<ol>\n<li>\n<p>A paragraph\nwith two lines.</p>\n<pre><code>indented code\n</code></pre>\n<blockquote>\n<p>A block quote.</p>\n</blockquote>\n</li>\n</ol>\n", + "example": 288, + "start_line": 4775, + "end_line": 4794, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": " 1. A paragraph\n with two lines.\n\n indented code\n\n > A block quote.\n", + "html": "<pre><code>1. A paragraph\n with two lines.\n\n indented code\n\n > A block quote.\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 289, + "start_line": 4799, + "end_line": 4814, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": " 1. A paragraph\nwith two lines.\n\n indented code\n\n > A block quote.\n", + "html": "<ol>\n<li>\n<p>A paragraph\nwith two lines.</p>\n<pre><code>indented code\n</code></pre>\n<blockquote>\n<p>A block quote.</p>\n</blockquote>\n</li>\n</ol>\n", + "example": 290, + "start_line": 4829, + "end_line": 4848, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": " 1. A paragraph\n with two lines.\n", + "html": "<ol>\n<li>A paragraph\nwith two lines.</li>\n</ol>\n", + "example": 291, + "start_line": 4853, + "end_line": 4861, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": "> 1. > Blockquote\ncontinued here.\n", + "html": "<blockquote>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Blockquote\ncontinued here.</p>\n</blockquote>\n</li>\n</ol>\n</blockquote>\n", + "example": 292, + "start_line": 4866, + "end_line": 4880, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": "> 1. > Blockquote\n> continued here.\n", + "html": "<blockquote>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Blockquote\ncontinued here.</p>\n</blockquote>\n</li>\n</ol>\n</blockquote>\n", + "example": 293, + "start_line": 4883, + "end_line": 4897, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": "- foo\n - bar\n - baz\n - boo\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li>foo\n<ul>\n<li>bar\n<ul>\n<li>baz\n<ul>\n<li>boo</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n", + "example": 294, + "start_line": 4911, + "end_line": 4932, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": "- foo\n - bar\n - baz\n - boo\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li>foo</li>\n<li>bar</li>\n<li>baz</li>\n<li>boo</li>\n</ul>\n", + "example": 295, + "start_line": 4937, + "end_line": 4949, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": "10) foo\n - bar\n", + "html": "<ol start=\"10\">\n<li>foo\n<ul>\n<li>bar</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ol>\n", + "example": 296, + "start_line": 4954, + "end_line": 4965, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": "10) foo\n - bar\n", + "html": "<ol start=\"10\">\n<li>foo</li>\n</ol>\n<ul>\n<li>bar</li>\n</ul>\n", + "example": 297, + "start_line": 4970, + "end_line": 4980, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": "- - foo\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>foo</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n", + "example": 298, + "start_line": 4985, + "end_line": 4995, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": "1. - 2. foo\n", + "html": "<ol>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>foo</li>\n</ol>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ol>\n", + "example": 299, + "start_line": 4998, + "end_line": 5012, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": "- # Foo\n- Bar\n ---\n baz\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li>\n<h1>Foo</h1>\n</li>\n<li>\n<h2>Bar</h2>\nbaz</li>\n</ul>\n", + "example": 300, + "start_line": 5017, + "end_line": 5031, + "section": "List items" + }, + { + "markdown": "- foo\n- bar\n+ baz\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li>foo</li>\n<li>bar</li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li>baz</li>\n</ul>\n", + "example": 301, + "start_line": 5253, + "end_line": 5265, + "section": "Lists" + }, + { + "markdown": "1. foo\n2. bar\n3) baz\n", + "html": "<ol>\n<li>foo</li>\n<li>bar</li>\n</ol>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>baz</li>\n</ol>\n", + "example": 302, + "start_line": 5268, + "end_line": 5280, + "section": "Lists" + }, + { + "markdown": "Foo\n- bar\n- baz\n", + "html": "<p>Foo</p>\n<ul>\n<li>bar</li>\n<li>baz</li>\n</ul>\n", + "example": 303, + "start_line": 5287, + "end_line": 5297, + "section": "Lists" + }, + { + "markdown": "The number of windows in my house is\n14. The number of doors is 6.\n", + "html": "<p>The number of windows in my house is\n14. The number of doors is 6.</p>\n", + "example": 304, + "start_line": 5364, + "end_line": 5370, + "section": "Lists" + }, + { + "markdown": "The number of windows in my house is\n1. The number of doors is 6.\n", + "html": "<p>The number of windows in my house is</p>\n<ol>\n<li>The number of doors is 6.</li>\n</ol>\n", + "example": 305, + "start_line": 5374, + "end_line": 5382, + "section": "Lists" + }, + { + "markdown": "- foo\n\n- bar\n\n\n- baz\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li>\n<p>foo</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>bar</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>baz</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n", + "example": 306, + "start_line": 5388, + "end_line": 5407, + "section": "Lists" + }, + { + "markdown": "- foo\n - bar\n - baz\n\n\n bim\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li>foo\n<ul>\n<li>bar\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>baz</p>\n<p>bim</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n", + "example": 307, + "start_line": 5409, + "end_line": 5431, + "section": "Lists" + }, + { + "markdown": "- foo\n- bar\n\n<!-- -->\n\n- baz\n- bim\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li>foo</li>\n<li>bar</li>\n</ul>\n<!-- -->\n<ul>\n<li>baz</li>\n<li>bim</li>\n</ul>\n", + "example": 308, + "start_line": 5439, + "end_line": 5457, + "section": "Lists" + }, + { + "markdown": "- foo\n\n notcode\n\n- foo\n\n<!-- -->\n\n code\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li>\n<p>foo</p>\n<p>notcode</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>foo</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<!-- -->\n<pre><code>code\n</code></pre>\n", + "example": 309, + "start_line": 5460, + "end_line": 5483, + "section": "Lists" + }, + { + "markdown": "- a\n - b\n - c\n - d\n - e\n - f\n- g\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li>a</li>\n<li>b</li>\n<li>c</li>\n<li>d</li>\n<li>e</li>\n<li>f</li>\n<li>g</li>\n</ul>\n", + "example": 310, + "start_line": 5491, + "end_line": 5509, + "section": "Lists" + }, + { + "markdown": "1. a\n\n 2. b\n\n 3. c\n", + "html": "<ol>\n<li>\n<p>a</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>b</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>c</p>\n</li>\n</ol>\n", + "example": 311, + "start_line": 5512, + "end_line": 5530, + "section": "Lists" + }, + { + "markdown": "- a\n - b\n - c\n - d\n - e\n", + "html": "<ul>\n<li>a</li>\n<li>b</li>\n<li>c</li>\n<li>d\n- e</li>\n</ul>\n", + "example": 312, + "start_line": 5536, + "end_line": 5550, + "section": "Lists" + }, + { + "markdown": "1. 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"markdown": "![foo][]\n\n[foo]: /url \"title\"\n", + "html": "<p><img src=\"/url\" alt=\"foo\" title=\"title\" /></p>\n", + "example": 583, + "start_line": 8635, + "end_line": 8641, + "section": "Images" + }, + { + "markdown": "![*foo* bar][]\n\n[*foo* bar]: /url \"title\"\n", + "html": "<p><img src=\"/url\" alt=\"foo bar\" title=\"title\" /></p>\n", + "example": 584, + "start_line": 8644, + "end_line": 8650, + "section": "Images" + }, + { + "markdown": "![Foo][]\n\n[foo]: /url \"title\"\n", + "html": "<p><img src=\"/url\" alt=\"Foo\" title=\"title\" /></p>\n", + "example": 585, + "start_line": 8655, + "end_line": 8661, + "section": "Images" + }, + { + "markdown": "![foo] \n[]\n\n[foo]: /url \"title\"\n", + "html": "<p><img src=\"/url\" alt=\"foo\" title=\"title\" />\n[]</p>\n", + "example": 586, + "start_line": 8667, + "end_line": 8675, + "section": "Images" + }, + { + "markdown": "![foo]\n\n[foo]: /url \"title\"\n", + "html": "<p><img src=\"/url\" alt=\"foo\" title=\"title\" /></p>\n", + "example": 587, + "start_line": 8680, + "end_line": 8686, + "section": "Images" + }, + { + "markdown": "![*foo* bar]\n\n[*foo* bar]: /url \"title\"\n", + "html": "<p><img src=\"/url\" alt=\"foo bar\" title=\"title\" /></p>\n", + "example": 588, + "start_line": 8689, + "end_line": 8695, + "section": "Images" + }, + { + "markdown": "![[foo]]\n\n[[foo]]: /url \"title\"\n", + "html": "<p>![[foo]]</p>\n<p>[[foo]]: /url "title"</p>\n", + "example": 589, + "start_line": 8700, + "end_line": 8707, + "section": "Images" + }, + { + "markdown": "![Foo]\n\n[foo]: /url \"title\"\n", + "html": "<p><img src=\"/url\" alt=\"Foo\" title=\"title\" /></p>\n", + "example": 590, + "start_line": 8712, + "end_line": 8718, + "section": "Images" + }, + { + "markdown": "!\\[foo]\n\n[foo]: /url \"title\"\n", + "html": "<p>![foo]</p>\n", + "example": 591, + "start_line": 8724, + "end_line": 8730, + "section": "Images" + }, + { + "markdown": "\\![foo]\n\n[foo]: /url \"title\"\n", + "html": "<p>!<a href=\"/url\" title=\"title\">foo</a></p>\n", + "example": 592, + "start_line": 8736, + "end_line": 8742, + "section": "Images" + }, + { + "markdown": "<http://foo.bar.baz>\n", + "html": "<p><a href=\"http://foo.bar.baz\">http://foo.bar.baz</a></p>\n", + "example": 593, + "start_line": 8769, + "end_line": 8773, + "section": "Autolinks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<http://foo.bar.baz/test?q=hello&id=22&boolean>\n", + "html": "<p><a href=\"http://foo.bar.baz/test?q=hello&id=22&boolean\">http://foo.bar.baz/test?q=hello&id=22&boolean</a></p>\n", + "example": 594, + "start_line": 8776, + "end_line": 8780, + "section": "Autolinks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<irc://foo.bar:2233/baz>\n", + "html": "<p><a href=\"irc://foo.bar:2233/baz\">irc://foo.bar:2233/baz</a></p>\n", + "example": 595, + "start_line": 8783, + "end_line": 8787, + "section": "Autolinks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<MAILTO:FOO@BAR.BAZ>\n", + "html": "<p><a href=\"MAILTO:FOO@BAR.BAZ\">MAILTO:FOO@BAR.BAZ</a></p>\n", + "example": 596, + "start_line": 8792, + "end_line": 8796, + "section": "Autolinks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<a+b+c:d>\n", + "html": "<p><a href=\"a+b+c:d\">a+b+c:d</a></p>\n", + "example": 597, + "start_line": 8804, + "end_line": 8808, + "section": "Autolinks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<made-up-scheme://foo,bar>\n", + "html": "<p><a href=\"made-up-scheme://foo,bar\">made-up-scheme://foo,bar</a></p>\n", + "example": 598, + "start_line": 8811, + "end_line": 8815, + "section": "Autolinks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<http://../>\n", + "html": "<p><a href=\"http://../\">http://../</a></p>\n", + "example": 599, + "start_line": 8818, + "end_line": 8822, + "section": "Autolinks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<localhost:5001/foo>\n", + "html": "<p><a href=\"localhost:5001/foo\">localhost:5001/foo</a></p>\n", + "example": 600, + "start_line": 8825, + "end_line": 8829, + "section": "Autolinks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<http://foo.bar/baz bim>\n", + "html": "<p><http://foo.bar/baz bim></p>\n", + "example": 601, + "start_line": 8834, + "end_line": 8838, + "section": "Autolinks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<http://example.com/\\[\\>\n", + "html": "<p><a href=\"http://example.com/%5C%5B%5C\">http://example.com/\\[\\</a></p>\n", + "example": 602, + "start_line": 8843, + "end_line": 8847, + "section": "Autolinks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<foo@bar.example.com>\n", + "html": "<p><a href=\"mailto:foo@bar.example.com\">foo@bar.example.com</a></p>\n", + "example": 603, + "start_line": 8865, + "end_line": 8869, + "section": "Autolinks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<foo+special@Bar.baz-bar0.com>\n", + "html": "<p><a href=\"mailto:foo+special@Bar.baz-bar0.com\">foo+special@Bar.baz-bar0.com</a></p>\n", + "example": 604, + "start_line": 8872, + "end_line": 8876, + "section": "Autolinks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<foo\\+@bar.example.com>\n", + "html": "<p><foo+@bar.example.com></p>\n", + "example": 605, + "start_line": 8881, + "end_line": 8885, + "section": "Autolinks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<>\n", + "html": "<p><></p>\n", + "example": 606, + "start_line": 8890, + "end_line": 8894, + "section": "Autolinks" + }, + { + "markdown": "< http://foo.bar >\n", + "html": "<p>< http://foo.bar ></p>\n", + "example": 607, + "start_line": 8897, + "end_line": 8901, + "section": "Autolinks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<m:abc>\n", + "html": "<p><m:abc></p>\n", + "example": 608, + "start_line": 8904, + "end_line": 8908, + "section": "Autolinks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<foo.bar.baz>\n", + "html": "<p><foo.bar.baz></p>\n", + "example": 609, + "start_line": 8911, + "end_line": 8915, + "section": "Autolinks" + }, + { + "markdown": "http://example.com\n", + "html": "<p>http://example.com</p>\n", + "example": 610, + "start_line": 8918, + "end_line": 8922, + "section": "Autolinks" + }, + { + "markdown": "foo@bar.example.com\n", + "html": "<p>foo@bar.example.com</p>\n", + "example": 611, + "start_line": 8925, + "end_line": 8929, + "section": "Autolinks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<a><bab><c2c>\n", + "html": "<p><a><bab><c2c></p>\n", + "example": 612, + "start_line": 9006, + "end_line": 9010, + "section": "Raw HTML" + }, + { + "markdown": "<a/><b2/>\n", + "html": "<p><a/><b2/></p>\n", + "example": 613, + "start_line": 9015, + "end_line": 9019, + "section": "Raw HTML" + }, + { + "markdown": "<a /><b2\ndata=\"foo\" >\n", + "html": "<p><a /><b2\ndata=\"foo\" ></p>\n", + "example": 614, + "start_line": 9024, + "end_line": 9030, + "section": "Raw HTML" + }, + { + "markdown": "<a foo=\"bar\" bam = 'baz <em>\"</em>'\n_boolean zoop:33=zoop:33 />\n", + "html": "<p><a foo=\"bar\" bam = 'baz <em>\"</em>'\n_boolean zoop:33=zoop:33 /></p>\n", + "example": 615, + "start_line": 9035, + "end_line": 9041, + "section": "Raw HTML" + }, + { + "markdown": "Foo <responsive-image src=\"foo.jpg\" />\n", + "html": "<p>Foo <responsive-image src=\"foo.jpg\" /></p>\n", + "example": 616, + "start_line": 9046, + "end_line": 9050, + "section": "Raw HTML" + }, + { + "markdown": "<33> <__>\n", + "html": "<p><33> <__></p>\n", + "example": 617, + "start_line": 9055, + "end_line": 9059, + "section": "Raw HTML" + }, + { + "markdown": "<a h*#ref=\"hi\">\n", + "html": "<p><a h*#ref="hi"></p>\n", + "example": 618, + "start_line": 9064, + "end_line": 9068, + "section": "Raw HTML" + }, + { + "markdown": "<a href=\"hi'> <a href=hi'>\n", + "html": "<p><a href="hi'> <a href=hi'></p>\n", + "example": 619, + "start_line": 9073, + "end_line": 9077, + "section": "Raw HTML" + }, + { + "markdown": "< a><\nfoo><bar/ >\n<foo bar=baz\nbim!bop />\n", + "html": "<p>< a><\nfoo><bar/ >\n<foo bar=baz\nbim!bop /></p>\n", + "example": 620, + "start_line": 9082, + "end_line": 9092, + "section": "Raw HTML" + }, + { + "markdown": "<a href='bar'title=title>\n", + "html": "<p><a href='bar'title=title></p>\n", + "example": 621, + "start_line": 9097, + "end_line": 9101, + "section": "Raw HTML" + }, + { + "markdown": "</a></foo >\n", + "html": "<p></a></foo ></p>\n", + "example": 622, + "start_line": 9106, + "end_line": 9110, + "section": "Raw HTML" + }, + { + "markdown": "</a href=\"foo\">\n", + "html": "<p></a href="foo"></p>\n", + "example": 623, + "start_line": 9115, + "end_line": 9119, + "section": "Raw HTML" + }, + { + "markdown": "foo <!-- this is a\ncomment - with hyphen -->\n", + "html": "<p>foo <!-- this is a\ncomment - with hyphen --></p>\n", + "example": 624, + "start_line": 9124, + "end_line": 9130, + "section": "Raw HTML" + }, + { + "markdown": "foo <!-- not a comment -- two hyphens -->\n", + "html": "<p>foo <!-- not a comment -- two hyphens --></p>\n", + "example": 625, + "start_line": 9133, + "end_line": 9137, + "section": "Raw HTML" + }, + { + "markdown": "foo <!--> foo -->\n\nfoo <!-- foo--->\n", + "html": "<p>foo <!--> foo --></p>\n<p>foo <!-- foo---></p>\n", + "example": 626, + "start_line": 9142, + "end_line": 9149, + "section": "Raw HTML" + }, + { + "markdown": "foo <?php echo $a; ?>\n", + "html": "<p>foo <?php echo $a; ?></p>\n", + "example": 627, + "start_line": 9154, + "end_line": 9158, + "section": "Raw HTML" + }, + { + "markdown": "foo <!ELEMENT br EMPTY>\n", + "html": "<p>foo <!ELEMENT br EMPTY></p>\n", + "example": 628, + "start_line": 9163, + "end_line": 9167, + "section": "Raw HTML" + }, + { + "markdown": "foo <![CDATA[>&<]]>\n", + "html": "<p>foo <![CDATA[>&<]]></p>\n", + "example": 629, + "start_line": 9172, + "end_line": 9176, + "section": "Raw HTML" + }, + { + "markdown": "foo <a href=\"ö\">\n", + "html": "<p>foo <a href=\"ö\"></p>\n", + "example": 630, + "start_line": 9182, + "end_line": 9186, + "section": "Raw HTML" + }, + { + "markdown": "foo <a href=\"\\*\">\n", + "html": "<p>foo <a href=\"\\*\"></p>\n", + "example": 631, + "start_line": 9191, + "end_line": 9195, + "section": "Raw HTML" + }, + { + "markdown": "<a href=\"\\\"\">\n", + "html": "<p><a href="""></p>\n", + "example": 632, + "start_line": 9198, + "end_line": 9202, + "section": "Raw HTML" + }, + { + "markdown": "foo \nbaz\n", + "html": "<p>foo<br />\nbaz</p>\n", + "example": 633, + "start_line": 9212, + "end_line": 9218, + "section": "Hard line breaks" + }, + { + "markdown": "foo\\\nbaz\n", + "html": "<p>foo<br />\nbaz</p>\n", + "example": 634, + "start_line": 9224, + "end_line": 9230, + "section": "Hard line breaks" + }, + { + "markdown": "foo \nbaz\n", + "html": "<p>foo<br />\nbaz</p>\n", + "example": 635, + "start_line": 9235, + "end_line": 9241, + "section": "Hard line breaks" + }, + { + "markdown": "foo \n bar\n", + "html": "<p>foo<br />\nbar</p>\n", + "example": 636, + "start_line": 9246, + "end_line": 9252, + "section": "Hard line breaks" + }, + { + "markdown": "foo\\\n bar\n", + "html": "<p>foo<br />\nbar</p>\n", + "example": 637, + "start_line": 9255, + "end_line": 9261, + "section": "Hard line breaks" + }, + { + "markdown": "*foo \nbar*\n", + "html": "<p><em>foo<br />\nbar</em></p>\n", + "example": 638, + "start_line": 9267, + "end_line": 9273, + "section": "Hard line breaks" + }, + { + "markdown": "*foo\\\nbar*\n", + "html": "<p><em>foo<br />\nbar</em></p>\n", + "example": 639, + "start_line": 9276, + "end_line": 9282, + "section": "Hard line breaks" + }, + { + "markdown": "`code \nspan`\n", + "html": "<p><code>code span</code></p>\n", + "example": 640, + "start_line": 9287, + "end_line": 9292, + "section": "Hard line breaks" + }, + { + "markdown": "`code\\\nspan`\n", + "html": "<p><code>code\\ span</code></p>\n", + "example": 641, + "start_line": 9295, + "end_line": 9300, + "section": "Hard line breaks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<a href=\"foo \nbar\">\n", + "html": "<p><a href=\"foo \nbar\"></p>\n", + "example": 642, + "start_line": 9305, + "end_line": 9311, + "section": "Hard line breaks" + }, + { + "markdown": "<a href=\"foo\\\nbar\">\n", + "html": "<p><a href=\"foo\\\nbar\"></p>\n", + "example": 643, + "start_line": 9314, + "end_line": 9320, + "section": "Hard line breaks" + }, + { + "markdown": "foo\\\n", + "html": "<p>foo\\</p>\n", + "example": 644, + "start_line": 9327, + "end_line": 9331, + "section": "Hard line breaks" + }, + { + "markdown": "foo \n", + "html": "<p>foo</p>\n", + "example": 645, + "start_line": 9334, + "end_line": 9338, + "section": "Hard line breaks" + }, + { + "markdown": "### foo\\\n", + "html": "<h3>foo\\</h3>\n", + "example": 646, + "start_line": 9341, + "end_line": 9345, + "section": "Hard line breaks" + }, + { + "markdown": "### foo \n", + "html": "<h3>foo</h3>\n", + "example": 647, + "start_line": 9348, + "end_line": 9352, + "section": "Hard line breaks" + }, + { + "markdown": "foo\nbaz\n", + "html": "<p>foo\nbaz</p>\n", + "example": 648, + "start_line": 9363, + "end_line": 9369, + "section": "Soft line breaks" + }, + { + "markdown": "foo \n baz\n", + "html": "<p>foo\nbaz</p>\n", + "example": 649, + "start_line": 9375, + "end_line": 9381, + "section": "Soft line breaks" + }, + { + "markdown": "hello $.;'there\n", + "html": "<p>hello $.;'there</p>\n", + "example": 650, + "start_line": 9395, + "end_line": 9399, + "section": "Textual content" + }, + { + "markdown": "Foo χρῆν\n", + "html": "<p>Foo χρῆν</p>\n", + "example": 651, + "start_line": 9402, + "end_line": 9406, + "section": "Textual content" + }, + { + "markdown": "Multiple spaces\n", + "html": "<p>Multiple spaces</p>\n", + "example": 652, + "start_line": 9411, + "end_line": 9415, + "section": "Textual content" + } +]
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/test_cmark_spec/spec.md b/tests/test_cmark_spec/spec.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2d79f7b --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_cmark_spec/spec.md @@ -0,0 +1,9756 @@ +--- +title: CommonMark Spec +author: John MacFarlane +version: 0.30 +date: '2021-06-19' +license: '[CC-BY-SA 4.0](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)' +... + +# Introduction + +## What is Markdown? + +Markdown is a plain text format for writing structured documents, +based on conventions for indicating formatting in email +and usenet posts. It was developed by John Gruber (with +help from Aaron Swartz) and released in 2004 in the form of a +[syntax description](http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax) +and a Perl script (`Markdown.pl`) for converting Markdown to +HTML. In the next decade, dozens of implementations were +developed in many languages. Some extended the original +Markdown syntax with conventions for footnotes, tables, and +other document elements. Some allowed Markdown documents to be +rendered in formats other than HTML. Websites like Reddit, +StackOverflow, and GitHub had millions of people using Markdown. +And Markdown started to be used beyond the web, to author books, +articles, slide shows, letters, and lecture notes. + +What distinguishes Markdown from many other lightweight markup +syntaxes, which are often easier to write, is its readability. +As Gruber writes: + +> The overriding design goal for Markdown's formatting syntax is +> to make it as readable as possible. The idea is that a +> Markdown-formatted document should be publishable as-is, as +> plain text, without looking like it's been marked up with tags +> or formatting instructions. +> (<http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/>) + +The point can be illustrated by comparing a sample of +[AsciiDoc](http://www.methods.co.nz/asciidoc/) with +an equivalent sample of Markdown. Here is a sample of +AsciiDoc from the AsciiDoc manual: + +``` +1. List item one. ++ +List item one continued with a second paragraph followed by an +Indented block. ++ +................. +$ ls *.sh +$ mv *.sh ~/tmp +................. ++ +List item continued with a third paragraph. + +2. List item two continued with an open block. ++ +-- +This paragraph is part of the preceding list item. + +a. This list is nested and does not require explicit item +continuation. ++ +This paragraph is part of the preceding list item. + +b. List item b. + +This paragraph belongs to item two of the outer list. +-- +``` + +And here is the equivalent in Markdown: +``` +1. List item one. + + List item one continued with a second paragraph followed by an + Indented block. + + $ ls *.sh + $ mv *.sh ~/tmp + + List item continued with a third paragraph. + +2. List item two continued with an open block. + + This paragraph is part of the preceding list item. + + 1. This list is nested and does not require explicit item continuation. + + This paragraph is part of the preceding list item. + + 2. List item b. + + This paragraph belongs to item two of the outer list. +``` + +The AsciiDoc version is, arguably, easier to write. You don't need +to worry about indentation. But the Markdown version is much easier +to read. The nesting of list items is apparent to the eye in the +source, not just in the processed document. + +## Why is a spec needed? + +John Gruber's [canonical description of Markdown's +syntax](http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax) +does not specify the syntax unambiguously. Here are some examples of +questions it does not answer: + +1. How much indentation is needed for a sublist? The spec says that + continuation paragraphs need to be indented four spaces, but is + not fully explicit about sublists. It is natural to think that + they, too, must be indented four spaces, but `Markdown.pl` does + not require that. This is hardly a "corner case," and divergences + between implementations on this issue often lead to surprises for + users in real documents. (See [this comment by John + Gruber](http://article.gmane.org/gmane.text.markdown.general/1997).) + +2. Is a blank line needed before a block quote or heading? + Most implementations do not require the blank line. However, + this can lead to unexpected results in hard-wrapped text, and + also to ambiguities in parsing (note that some implementations + put the heading inside the blockquote, while others do not). + (John Gruber has also spoken [in favor of requiring the blank + lines](http://article.gmane.org/gmane.text.markdown.general/2146).) + +3. Is a blank line needed before an indented code block? + (`Markdown.pl` requires it, but this is not mentioned in the + documentation, and some implementations do not require it.) + + ``` markdown + paragraph + code? + ``` + +4. What is the exact rule for determining when list items get + wrapped in `<p>` tags? Can a list be partially "loose" and partially + "tight"? What should we do with a list like this? + + ``` markdown + 1. one + + 2. two + 3. three + ``` + + Or this? + + ``` markdown + 1. one + - a + + - b + 2. two + ``` + + (There are some relevant comments by John Gruber + [here](http://article.gmane.org/gmane.text.markdown.general/2554).) + +5. Can list markers be indented? Can ordered list markers be right-aligned? + + ``` markdown + 8. item 1 + 9. item 2 + 10. item 2a + ``` + +6. Is this one list with a thematic break in its second item, + or two lists separated by a thematic break? + + ``` markdown + * a + * * * * * + * b + ``` + +7. When list markers change from numbers to bullets, do we have + two lists or one? (The Markdown syntax description suggests two, + but the perl scripts and many other implementations produce one.) + + ``` markdown + 1. fee + 2. fie + - foe + - fum + ``` + +8. What are the precedence rules for the markers of inline structure? + For example, is the following a valid link, or does the code span + take precedence ? + + ``` markdown + [a backtick (`)](/url) and [another backtick (`)](/url). + ``` + +9. What are the precedence rules for markers of emphasis and strong + emphasis? For example, how should the following be parsed? + + ``` markdown + *foo *bar* baz* + ``` + +10. What are the precedence rules between block-level and inline-level + structure? For example, how should the following be parsed? + + ``` markdown + - `a long code span can contain a hyphen like this + - and it can screw things up` + ``` + +11. Can list items include section headings? (`Markdown.pl` does not + allow this, but does allow blockquotes to include headings.) + + ``` markdown + - # Heading + ``` + +12. Can list items be empty? + + ``` markdown + * a + * + * b + ``` + +13. Can link references be defined inside block quotes or list items? + + ``` markdown + > Blockquote [foo]. + > + > [foo]: /url + ``` + +14. If there are multiple definitions for the same reference, which takes + precedence? + + ``` markdown + [foo]: /url1 + [foo]: /url2 + + [foo][] + ``` + +In the absence of a spec, early implementers consulted `Markdown.pl` +to resolve these ambiguities. But `Markdown.pl` was quite buggy, and +gave manifestly bad results in many cases, so it was not a +satisfactory replacement for a spec. + +Because there is no unambiguous spec, implementations have diverged +considerably. As a result, users are often surprised to find that +a document that renders one way on one system (say, a GitHub wiki) +renders differently on another (say, converting to docbook using +pandoc). To make matters worse, because nothing in Markdown counts +as a "syntax error," the divergence often isn't discovered right away. + +## About this document + +This document attempts to specify Markdown syntax unambiguously. +It contains many examples with side-by-side Markdown and +HTML. These are intended to double as conformance tests. An +accompanying script `spec_tests.py` can be used to run the tests +against any Markdown program: + + python test/spec_tests.py --spec spec.txt --program PROGRAM + +Since this document describes how Markdown is to be parsed into +an abstract syntax tree, it would have made sense to use an abstract +representation of the syntax tree instead of HTML. But HTML is capable +of representing the structural distinctions we need to make, and the +choice of HTML for the tests makes it possible to run the tests against +an implementation without writing an abstract syntax tree renderer. + +Note that not every feature of the HTML samples is mandated by +the spec. For example, the spec says what counts as a link +destination, but it doesn't mandate that non-ASCII characters in +the URL be percent-encoded. To use the automatic tests, +implementers will need to provide a renderer that conforms to +the expectations of the spec examples (percent-encoding +non-ASCII characters in URLs). But a conforming implementation +can use a different renderer and may choose not to +percent-encode non-ASCII characters in URLs. + +This document is generated from a text file, `spec.txt`, written +in Markdown with a small extension for the side-by-side tests. +The script `tools/makespec.py` can be used to convert `spec.txt` into +HTML or CommonMark (which can then be converted into other formats). + +In the examples, the `→` character is used to represent tabs. + +# Preliminaries + +## Characters and lines + +Any sequence of [characters] is a valid CommonMark +document. + +A [character](@) is a Unicode code point. Although some +code points (for example, combining accents) do not correspond to +characters in an intuitive sense, all code points count as characters +for purposes of this spec. + +This spec does not specify an encoding; it thinks of lines as composed +of [characters] rather than bytes. A conforming parser may be limited +to a certain encoding. + +A [line](@) is a sequence of zero or more [characters] +other than line feed (`U+000A`) or carriage return (`U+000D`), +followed by a [line ending] or by the end of file. + +A [line ending](@) is a line feed (`U+000A`), a carriage return +(`U+000D`) not followed by a line feed, or a carriage return and a +following line feed. + +A line containing no characters, or a line containing only spaces +(`U+0020`) or tabs (`U+0009`), is called a [blank line](@). + +The following definitions of character classes will be used in this spec: + +A [Unicode whitespace character](@) is +any code point in the Unicode `Zs` general category, or a tab (`U+0009`), +line feed (`U+000A`), form feed (`U+000C`), or carriage return (`U+000D`). + +[Unicode whitespace](@) is a sequence of one or more +[Unicode whitespace characters]. + +A [tab](@) is `U+0009`. + +A [space](@) is `U+0020`. + +An [ASCII control character](@) is a character between `U+0000–1F` (both +including) or `U+007F`. + +An [ASCII punctuation character](@) +is `!`, `"`, `#`, `$`, `%`, `&`, `'`, `(`, `)`, +`*`, `+`, `,`, `-`, `.`, `/` (U+0021–2F), +`:`, `;`, `<`, `=`, `>`, `?`, `@` (U+003A–0040), +`[`, `\`, `]`, `^`, `_`, `` ` `` (U+005B–0060), +`{`, `|`, `}`, or `~` (U+007B–007E). + +A [Unicode punctuation character](@) is an [ASCII +punctuation character] or anything in +the general Unicode categories `Pc`, `Pd`, `Pe`, `Pf`, `Pi`, `Po`, or `Ps`. + +## Tabs + +Tabs in lines are not expanded to [spaces]. However, +in contexts where spaces help to define block structure, +tabs behave as if they were replaced by spaces with a tab stop +of 4 characters. + +Thus, for example, a tab can be used instead of four spaces +in an indented code block. (Note, however, that internal +tabs are passed through as literal tabs, not expanded to +spaces.) + +```````````````````````````````` example +→foo→baz→→bim +. +<pre><code>foo→baz→→bim +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example + →foo→baz→→bim +. +<pre><code>foo→baz→→bim +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example + a→a + ὐ→a +. +<pre><code>a→a +ὐ→a +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + +In the following example, a continuation paragraph of a list +item is indented with a tab; this has exactly the same effect +as indentation with four spaces would: + +```````````````````````````````` example + - foo + +→bar +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<p>bar</p> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +- foo + +→→bar +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<pre><code> bar +</code></pre> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + +Normally the `>` that begins a block quote may be followed +optionally by a space, which is not considered part of the +content. In the following case `>` is followed by a tab, +which is treated as if it were expanded into three spaces. +Since one of these spaces is considered part of the +delimiter, `foo` is considered to be indented six spaces +inside the block quote context, so we get an indented +code block starting with two spaces. + +```````````````````````````````` example +>→→foo +. +<blockquote> +<pre><code> foo +</code></pre> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +-→→foo +. +<ul> +<li> +<pre><code> foo +</code></pre> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + foo +→bar +. +<pre><code>foo +bar +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example + - foo + - bar +→ - baz +. +<ul> +<li>foo +<ul> +<li>bar +<ul> +<li>baz</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +#→Foo +. +<h1>Foo</h1> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +*→*→*→ +. +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +## Insecure characters + +For security reasons, the Unicode character `U+0000` must be replaced +with the REPLACEMENT CHARACTER (`U+FFFD`). + + +## Backslash escapes + +Any ASCII punctuation character may be backslash-escaped: + +```````````````````````````````` example +\!\"\#\$\%\&\'\(\)\*\+\,\-\.\/\:\;\<\=\>\?\@\[\\\]\^\_\`\{\|\}\~ +. +<p>!"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_`{|}~</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Backslashes before other characters are treated as literal +backslashes: + +```````````````````````````````` example +\→\A\a\ \3\φ\« +. +<p>\→\A\a\ \3\φ\«</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Escaped characters are treated as regular characters and do +not have their usual Markdown meanings: + +```````````````````````````````` example +\*not emphasized* +\<br/> not a tag +\[not a link](/foo) +\`not code` +1\. not a list +\* not a list +\# not a heading +\[foo]: /url "not a reference" +\ö not a character entity +. +<p>*not emphasized* +<br/> not a tag +[not a link](/foo) +`not code` +1. not a list +* not a list +# not a heading +[foo]: /url "not a reference" +&ouml; not a character entity</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +If a backslash is itself escaped, the following character is not: + +```````````````````````````````` example +\\*emphasis* +. +<p>\<em>emphasis</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A backslash at the end of the line is a [hard line break]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo\ +bar +. +<p>foo<br /> +bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Backslash escapes do not work in code blocks, code spans, autolinks, or +raw HTML: + +```````````````````````````````` example +`` \[\` `` +. +<p><code>\[\`</code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + \[\] +. +<pre><code>\[\] +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +~~~ +\[\] +~~~ +. +<pre><code>\[\] +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<http://example.com?find=\*> +. +<p><a href="http://example.com?find=%5C*">http://example.com?find=\*</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<a href="/bar\/)"> +. +<a href="/bar\/)"> +```````````````````````````````` + + +But they work in all other contexts, including URLs and link titles, +link references, and [info strings] in [fenced code blocks]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo](/bar\* "ti\*tle") +. +<p><a href="/bar*" title="ti*tle">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo] + +[foo]: /bar\* "ti\*tle" +. +<p><a href="/bar*" title="ti*tle">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` foo\+bar +foo +``` +. +<pre><code class="language-foo+bar">foo +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +## Entity and numeric character references + +Valid HTML entity references and numeric character references +can be used in place of the corresponding Unicode character, +with the following exceptions: + +- Entity and character references are not recognized in code + blocks and code spans. + +- Entity and character references cannot stand in place of + special characters that define structural elements in + CommonMark. For example, although `*` can be used + in place of a literal `*` character, `*` cannot replace + `*` in emphasis delimiters, bullet list markers, or thematic + breaks. + +Conforming CommonMark parsers need not store information about +whether a particular character was represented in the source +using a Unicode character or an entity reference. + +[Entity references](@) consist of `&` + any of the valid +HTML5 entity names + `;`. The +document <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/entities.json> +is used as an authoritative source for the valid entity +references and their corresponding code points. + +```````````````````````````````` example + & © Æ Ď +¾ ℋ ⅆ +∲ ≧̸ +. +<p> & © Æ Ď +¾ ℋ ⅆ +∲ ≧̸</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +[Decimal numeric character +references](@) +consist of `&#` + a string of 1--7 arabic digits + `;`. A +numeric character reference is parsed as the corresponding +Unicode character. Invalid Unicode code points will be replaced by +the REPLACEMENT CHARACTER (`U+FFFD`). For security reasons, +the code point `U+0000` will also be replaced by `U+FFFD`. + +```````````````````````````````` example +# Ӓ Ϡ � +. +<p># Ӓ Ϡ �</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +[Hexadecimal numeric character +references](@) consist of `&#` + +either `X` or `x` + a string of 1-6 hexadecimal digits + `;`. +They too are parsed as the corresponding Unicode character (this +time specified with a hexadecimal numeral instead of decimal). + +```````````````````````````````` example +" ആ ಫ +. +<p>" ആ ಫ</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Here are some nonentities: + +```````````````````````````````` example +  &x; &#; &#x; +� +&#abcdef0; +&ThisIsNotDefined; &hi?; +. +<p>&nbsp &x; &#; &#x; +&#87654321; +&#abcdef0; +&ThisIsNotDefined; &hi?;</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Although HTML5 does accept some entity references +without a trailing semicolon (such as `©`), these are not +recognized here, because it makes the grammar too ambiguous: + +```````````````````````````````` example +© +. +<p>&copy</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Strings that are not on the list of HTML5 named entities are not +recognized as entity references either: + +```````````````````````````````` example +&MadeUpEntity; +. +<p>&MadeUpEntity;</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Entity and numeric character references are recognized in any +context besides code spans or code blocks, including +URLs, [link titles], and [fenced code block][] [info strings]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<a href="öö.html"> +. +<a href="öö.html"> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo](/föö "föö") +. +<p><a href="/f%C3%B6%C3%B6" title="föö">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo] + +[foo]: /föö "föö" +. +<p><a href="/f%C3%B6%C3%B6" title="föö">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` föö +foo +``` +. +<pre><code class="language-föö">foo +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Entity and numeric character references are treated as literal +text in code spans and code blocks: + +```````````````````````````````` example +`föö` +. +<p><code>f&ouml;&ouml;</code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + föfö +. +<pre><code>f&ouml;f&ouml; +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Entity and numeric character references cannot be used +in place of symbols indicating structure in CommonMark +documents. + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo* +*foo* +. +<p>*foo* +<em>foo</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +* foo + +* foo +. +<p>* foo</p> +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo bar +. +<p>foo + +bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +	foo +. +<p>→foo</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[a](url "tit") +. +<p>[a](url "tit")</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +# Blocks and inlines + +We can think of a document as a sequence of +[blocks](@)---structural elements like paragraphs, block +quotations, lists, headings, rules, and code blocks. Some blocks (like +block quotes and list items) contain other blocks; others (like +headings and paragraphs) contain [inline](@) content---text, +links, emphasized text, images, code spans, and so on. + +## Precedence + +Indicators of block structure always take precedence over indicators +of inline structure. So, for example, the following is a list with +two items, not a list with one item containing a code span: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- `one +- two` +. +<ul> +<li>`one</li> +<li>two`</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This means that parsing can proceed in two steps: first, the block +structure of the document can be discerned; second, text lines inside +paragraphs, headings, and other block constructs can be parsed for inline +structure. The second step requires information about link reference +definitions that will be available only at the end of the first +step. Note that the first step requires processing lines in sequence, +but the second can be parallelized, since the inline parsing of +one block element does not affect the inline parsing of any other. + +## Container blocks and leaf blocks + +We can divide blocks into two types: +[container blocks](#container-blocks), +which can contain other blocks, and [leaf blocks](#leaf-blocks), +which cannot. + +# Leaf blocks + +This section describes the different kinds of leaf block that make up a +Markdown document. + +## Thematic breaks + +A line consisting of optionally up to three spaces of indentation, followed by a +sequence of three or more matching `-`, `_`, or `*` characters, each followed +optionally by any number of spaces or tabs, forms a +[thematic break](@). + +```````````````````````````````` example +*** +--- +___ +. +<hr /> +<hr /> +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Wrong characters: + +```````````````````````````````` example ++++ +. +<p>+++</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +=== +. +<p>===</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Not enough characters: + +```````````````````````````````` example +-- +** +__ +. +<p>-- +** +__</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Up to three spaces of indentation are allowed: + +```````````````````````````````` example + *** + *** + *** +. +<hr /> +<hr /> +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Four spaces of indentation is too many: + +```````````````````````````````` example + *** +. +<pre><code>*** +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo + *** +. +<p>Foo +***</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +More than three characters may be used: + +```````````````````````````````` example +_____________________________________ +. +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Spaces and tabs are allowed between the characters: + +```````````````````````````````` example + - - - +. +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + ** * ** * ** * ** +. +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +- - - - +. +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Spaces and tabs are allowed at the end: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- - - - +. +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +However, no other characters may occur in the line: + +```````````````````````````````` example +_ _ _ _ a + +a------ + +---a--- +. +<p>_ _ _ _ a</p> +<p>a------</p> +<p>---a---</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +It is required that all of the characters other than spaces or tabs be the same. +So, this is not a thematic break: + +```````````````````````````````` example + *-* +. +<p><em>-</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Thematic breaks do not need blank lines before or after: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- foo +*** +- bar +. +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +</ul> +<hr /> +<ul> +<li>bar</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Thematic breaks can interrupt a paragraph: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo +*** +bar +. +<p>Foo</p> +<hr /> +<p>bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +If a line of dashes that meets the above conditions for being a +thematic break could also be interpreted as the underline of a [setext +heading], the interpretation as a +[setext heading] takes precedence. Thus, for example, +this is a setext heading, not a paragraph followed by a thematic break: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo +--- +bar +. +<h2>Foo</h2> +<p>bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +When both a thematic break and a list item are possible +interpretations of a line, the thematic break takes precedence: + +```````````````````````````````` example +* Foo +* * * +* Bar +. +<ul> +<li>Foo</li> +</ul> +<hr /> +<ul> +<li>Bar</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +If you want a thematic break in a list item, use a different bullet: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- Foo +- * * * +. +<ul> +<li>Foo</li> +<li> +<hr /> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +## ATX headings + +An [ATX heading](@) +consists of a string of characters, parsed as inline content, between an +opening sequence of 1--6 unescaped `#` characters and an optional +closing sequence of any number of unescaped `#` characters. +The opening sequence of `#` characters must be followed by spaces or tabs, or +by the end of line. The optional closing sequence of `#`s must be preceded by +spaces or tabs and may be followed by spaces or tabs only. The opening +`#` character may be preceded by up to three spaces of indentation. The raw +contents of the heading are stripped of leading and trailing space or tabs +before being parsed as inline content. The heading level is equal to the number +of `#` characters in the opening sequence. + +Simple headings: + +```````````````````````````````` example +# foo +## foo +### foo +#### foo +##### foo +###### foo +. +<h1>foo</h1> +<h2>foo</h2> +<h3>foo</h3> +<h4>foo</h4> +<h5>foo</h5> +<h6>foo</h6> +```````````````````````````````` + + +More than six `#` characters is not a heading: + +```````````````````````````````` example +####### foo +. +<p>####### foo</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +At least one space or tab is required between the `#` characters and the +heading's contents, unless the heading is empty. Note that many +implementations currently do not require the space. However, the +space was required by the +[original ATX implementation](http://www.aaronsw.com/2002/atx/atx.py), +and it helps prevent things like the following from being parsed as +headings: + +```````````````````````````````` example +#5 bolt + +#hashtag +. +<p>#5 bolt</p> +<p>#hashtag</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not a heading, because the first `#` is escaped: + +```````````````````````````````` example +\## foo +. +<p>## foo</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Contents are parsed as inlines: + +```````````````````````````````` example +# foo *bar* \*baz\* +. +<h1>foo <em>bar</em> *baz*</h1> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Leading and trailing spaces or tabs are ignored in parsing inline content: + +```````````````````````````````` example +# foo +. +<h1>foo</h1> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Up to three spaces of indentation are allowed: + +```````````````````````````````` example + ### foo + ## foo + # foo +. +<h3>foo</h3> +<h2>foo</h2> +<h1>foo</h1> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Four spaces of indentation is too many: + +```````````````````````````````` example + # foo +. +<pre><code># foo +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo + # bar +. +<p>foo +# bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A closing sequence of `#` characters is optional: + +```````````````````````````````` example +## foo ## + ### bar ### +. +<h2>foo</h2> +<h3>bar</h3> +```````````````````````````````` + + +It need not be the same length as the opening sequence: + +```````````````````````````````` example +# foo ################################## +##### foo ## +. +<h1>foo</h1> +<h5>foo</h5> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Spaces or tabs are allowed after the closing sequence: + +```````````````````````````````` example +### foo ### +. +<h3>foo</h3> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A sequence of `#` characters with anything but spaces or tabs following it +is not a closing sequence, but counts as part of the contents of the +heading: + +```````````````````````````````` example +### foo ### b +. +<h3>foo ### b</h3> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The closing sequence must be preceded by a space or tab: + +```````````````````````````````` example +# foo# +. +<h1>foo#</h1> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Backslash-escaped `#` characters do not count as part +of the closing sequence: + +```````````````````````````````` example +### foo \### +## foo #\## +# foo \# +. +<h3>foo ###</h3> +<h2>foo ###</h2> +<h1>foo #</h1> +```````````````````````````````` + + +ATX headings need not be separated from surrounding content by blank +lines, and they can interrupt paragraphs: + +```````````````````````````````` example +**** +## foo +**** +. +<hr /> +<h2>foo</h2> +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo bar +# baz +Bar foo +. +<p>Foo bar</p> +<h1>baz</h1> +<p>Bar foo</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +ATX headings can be empty: + +```````````````````````````````` example +## +# +### ### +. +<h2></h2> +<h1></h1> +<h3></h3> +```````````````````````````````` + + +## Setext headings + +A [setext heading](@) consists of one or more +lines of text, not interrupted by a blank line, of which the first line does not +have more than 3 spaces of indentation, followed by +a [setext heading underline]. The lines of text must be such +that, were they not followed by the setext heading underline, +they would be interpreted as a paragraph: they cannot be +interpretable as a [code fence], [ATX heading][ATX headings], +[block quote][block quotes], [thematic break][thematic breaks], +[list item][list items], or [HTML block][HTML blocks]. + +A [setext heading underline](@) is a sequence of +`=` characters or a sequence of `-` characters, with no more than 3 +spaces of indentation and any number of trailing spaces or tabs. If a line +containing a single `-` can be interpreted as an +empty [list items], it should be interpreted this way +and not as a [setext heading underline]. + +The heading is a level 1 heading if `=` characters are used in +the [setext heading underline], and a level 2 heading if `-` +characters are used. The contents of the heading are the result +of parsing the preceding lines of text as CommonMark inline +content. + +In general, a setext heading need not be preceded or followed by a +blank line. However, it cannot interrupt a paragraph, so when a +setext heading comes after a paragraph, a blank line is needed between +them. + +Simple examples: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo *bar* +========= + +Foo *bar* +--------- +. +<h1>Foo <em>bar</em></h1> +<h2>Foo <em>bar</em></h2> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The content of the header may span more than one line: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo *bar +baz* +==== +. +<h1>Foo <em>bar +baz</em></h1> +```````````````````````````````` + +The contents are the result of parsing the headings's raw +content as inlines. The heading's raw content is formed by +concatenating the lines and removing initial and final +spaces or tabs. + +```````````````````````````````` example + Foo *bar +baz*→ +==== +. +<h1>Foo <em>bar +baz</em></h1> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The underlining can be any length: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo +------------------------- + +Foo += +. +<h2>Foo</h2> +<h1>Foo</h1> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The heading content can be preceded by up to three spaces of indentation, and +need not line up with the underlining: + +```````````````````````````````` example + Foo +--- + + Foo +----- + + Foo + === +. +<h2>Foo</h2> +<h2>Foo</h2> +<h1>Foo</h1> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Four spaces of indentation is too many: + +```````````````````````````````` example + Foo + --- + + Foo +--- +. +<pre><code>Foo +--- + +Foo +</code></pre> +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The setext heading underline can be preceded by up to three spaces of +indentation, and may have trailing spaces or tabs: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo + ---- +. +<h2>Foo</h2> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Four spaces of indentation is too many: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo + --- +. +<p>Foo +---</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The setext heading underline cannot contain internal spaces or tabs: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo += = + +Foo +--- - +. +<p>Foo += =</p> +<p>Foo</p> +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Trailing spaces or tabs in the content line do not cause a hard line break: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo +----- +. +<h2>Foo</h2> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Nor does a backslash at the end: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo\ +---- +. +<h2>Foo\</h2> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Since indicators of block structure take precedence over +indicators of inline structure, the following are setext headings: + +```````````````````````````````` example +`Foo +---- +` + +<a title="a lot +--- +of dashes"/> +. +<h2>`Foo</h2> +<p>`</p> +<h2><a title="a lot</h2> +<p>of dashes"/></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The setext heading underline cannot be a [lazy continuation +line] in a list item or block quote: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> Foo +--- +. +<blockquote> +<p>Foo</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +> foo +bar +=== +. +<blockquote> +<p>foo +bar +===</p> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +- Foo +--- +. +<ul> +<li>Foo</li> +</ul> +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A blank line is needed between a paragraph and a following +setext heading, since otherwise the paragraph becomes part +of the heading's content: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo +Bar +--- +. +<h2>Foo +Bar</h2> +```````````````````````````````` + + +But in general a blank line is not required before or after +setext headings: + +```````````````````````````````` example +--- +Foo +--- +Bar +--- +Baz +. +<hr /> +<h2>Foo</h2> +<h2>Bar</h2> +<p>Baz</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Setext headings cannot be empty: + +```````````````````````````````` example + +==== +. +<p>====</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Setext heading text lines must not be interpretable as block +constructs other than paragraphs. So, the line of dashes +in these examples gets interpreted as a thematic break: + +```````````````````````````````` example +--- +--- +. +<hr /> +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +- foo +----- +. +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +</ul> +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + foo +--- +. +<pre><code>foo +</code></pre> +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +> foo +----- +. +<blockquote> +<p>foo</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +If you want a heading with `> foo` as its literal text, you can +use backslash escapes: + +```````````````````````````````` example +\> foo +------ +. +<h2>> foo</h2> +```````````````````````````````` + + +**Compatibility note:** Most existing Markdown implementations +do not allow the text of setext headings to span multiple lines. +But there is no consensus about how to interpret + +``` markdown +Foo +bar +--- +baz +``` + +One can find four different interpretations: + +1. paragraph "Foo", heading "bar", paragraph "baz" +2. paragraph "Foo bar", thematic break, paragraph "baz" +3. paragraph "Foo bar --- baz" +4. heading "Foo bar", paragraph "baz" + +We find interpretation 4 most natural, and interpretation 4 +increases the expressive power of CommonMark, by allowing +multiline headings. Authors who want interpretation 1 can +put a blank line after the first paragraph: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo + +bar +--- +baz +. +<p>Foo</p> +<h2>bar</h2> +<p>baz</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Authors who want interpretation 2 can put blank lines around +the thematic break, + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo +bar + +--- + +baz +. +<p>Foo +bar</p> +<hr /> +<p>baz</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +or use a thematic break that cannot count as a [setext heading +underline], such as + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo +bar +* * * +baz +. +<p>Foo +bar</p> +<hr /> +<p>baz</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Authors who want interpretation 3 can use backslash escapes: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo +bar +\--- +baz +. +<p>Foo +bar +--- +baz</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +## Indented code blocks + +An [indented code block](@) is composed of one or more +[indented chunks] separated by blank lines. +An [indented chunk](@) is a sequence of non-blank lines, +each preceded by four or more spaces of indentation. The contents of the code +block are the literal contents of the lines, including trailing +[line endings], minus four spaces of indentation. +An indented code block has no [info string]. + +An indented code block cannot interrupt a paragraph, so there must be +a blank line between a paragraph and a following indented code block. +(A blank line is not needed, however, between a code block and a following +paragraph.) + +```````````````````````````````` example + a simple + indented code block +. +<pre><code>a simple + indented code block +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +If there is any ambiguity between an interpretation of indentation +as a code block and as indicating that material belongs to a [list +item][list items], the list item interpretation takes precedence: + +```````````````````````````````` example + - foo + + bar +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<p>bar</p> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +1. foo + + - bar +. +<ol> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<ul> +<li>bar</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +The contents of a code block are literal text, and do not get parsed +as Markdown: + +```````````````````````````````` example + <a/> + *hi* + + - one +. +<pre><code><a/> +*hi* + +- one +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Here we have three chunks separated by blank lines: + +```````````````````````````````` example + chunk1 + + chunk2 + + + + chunk3 +. +<pre><code>chunk1 + +chunk2 + + + +chunk3 +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Any initial spaces or tabs beyond four spaces of indentation will be included in +the content, even in interior blank lines: + +```````````````````````````````` example + chunk1 + + chunk2 +. +<pre><code>chunk1 + + chunk2 +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +An indented code block cannot interrupt a paragraph. (This +allows hanging indents and the like.) + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo + bar + +. +<p>Foo +bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +However, any non-blank line with fewer than four spaces of indentation ends +the code block immediately. So a paragraph may occur immediately +after indented code: + +```````````````````````````````` example + foo +bar +. +<pre><code>foo +</code></pre> +<p>bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +And indented code can occur immediately before and after other kinds of +blocks: + +```````````````````````````````` example +# Heading + foo +Heading +------ + foo +---- +. +<h1>Heading</h1> +<pre><code>foo +</code></pre> +<h2>Heading</h2> +<pre><code>foo +</code></pre> +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The first line can be preceded by more than four spaces of indentation: + +```````````````````````````````` example + foo + bar +. +<pre><code> foo +bar +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Blank lines preceding or following an indented code block +are not included in it: + +```````````````````````````````` example + + + foo + + +. +<pre><code>foo +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Trailing spaces or tabs are included in the code block's content: + +```````````````````````````````` example + foo +. +<pre><code>foo +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +## Fenced code blocks + +A [code fence](@) is a sequence +of at least three consecutive backtick characters (`` ` ``) or +tildes (`~`). (Tildes and backticks cannot be mixed.) +A [fenced code block](@) +begins with a code fence, preceded by up to three spaces of indentation. + +The line with the opening code fence may optionally contain some text +following the code fence; this is trimmed of leading and trailing +spaces or tabs and called the [info string](@). If the [info string] comes +after a backtick fence, it may not contain any backtick +characters. (The reason for this restriction is that otherwise +some inline code would be incorrectly interpreted as the +beginning of a fenced code block.) + +The content of the code block consists of all subsequent lines, until +a closing [code fence] of the same type as the code block +began with (backticks or tildes), and with at least as many backticks +or tildes as the opening code fence. If the leading code fence is +preceded by N spaces of indentation, then up to N spaces of indentation are +removed from each line of the content (if present). (If a content line is not +indented, it is preserved unchanged. If it is indented N spaces or less, all +of the indentation is removed.) + +The closing code fence may be preceded by up to three spaces of indentation, and +may be followed only by spaces or tabs, which are ignored. If the end of the +containing block (or document) is reached and no closing code fence +has been found, the code block contains all of the lines after the +opening code fence until the end of the containing block (or +document). (An alternative spec would require backtracking in the +event that a closing code fence is not found. But this makes parsing +much less efficient, and there seems to be no real down side to the +behavior described here.) + +A fenced code block may interrupt a paragraph, and does not require +a blank line either before or after. + +The content of a code fence is treated as literal text, not parsed +as inlines. The first word of the [info string] is typically used to +specify the language of the code sample, and rendered in the `class` +attribute of the `code` tag. However, this spec does not mandate any +particular treatment of the [info string]. + +Here is a simple example with backticks: + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` +< + > +``` +. +<pre><code>< + > +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +With tildes: + +```````````````````````````````` example +~~~ +< + > +~~~ +. +<pre><code>< + > +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + +Fewer than three backticks is not enough: + +```````````````````````````````` example +`` +foo +`` +. +<p><code>foo</code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +The closing code fence must use the same character as the opening +fence: + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` +aaa +~~~ +``` +. +<pre><code>aaa +~~~ +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +~~~ +aaa +``` +~~~ +. +<pre><code>aaa +``` +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The closing code fence must be at least as long as the opening fence: + +```````````````````````````````` example +```` +aaa +``` +`````` +. +<pre><code>aaa +``` +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +~~~~ +aaa +~~~ +~~~~ +. +<pre><code>aaa +~~~ +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Unclosed code blocks are closed by the end of the document +(or the enclosing [block quote][block quotes] or [list item][list items]): + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` +. +<pre><code></code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +````` + +``` +aaa +. +<pre><code> +``` +aaa +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +> ``` +> aaa + +bbb +. +<blockquote> +<pre><code>aaa +</code></pre> +</blockquote> +<p>bbb</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A code block can have all empty lines as its content: + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` + + +``` +. +<pre><code> + +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A code block can be empty: + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` +``` +. +<pre><code></code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Fences can be indented. If the opening fence is indented, +content lines will have equivalent opening indentation removed, +if present: + +```````````````````````````````` example + ``` + aaa +aaa +``` +. +<pre><code>aaa +aaa +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + ``` +aaa + aaa +aaa + ``` +. +<pre><code>aaa +aaa +aaa +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + ``` + aaa + aaa + aaa + ``` +. +<pre><code>aaa + aaa +aaa +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Four spaces of indentation is too many: + +```````````````````````````````` example + ``` + aaa + ``` +. +<pre><code>``` +aaa +``` +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Closing fences may be preceded by up to three spaces of indentation, and their +indentation need not match that of the opening fence: + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` +aaa + ``` +. +<pre><code>aaa +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + ``` +aaa + ``` +. +<pre><code>aaa +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not a closing fence, because it is indented 4 spaces: + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` +aaa + ``` +. +<pre><code>aaa + ``` +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +Code fences (opening and closing) cannot contain internal spaces or tabs: + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` ``` +aaa +. +<p><code> </code> +aaa</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +~~~~~~ +aaa +~~~ ~~ +. +<pre><code>aaa +~~~ ~~ +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Fenced code blocks can interrupt paragraphs, and can be followed +directly by paragraphs, without a blank line between: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo +``` +bar +``` +baz +. +<p>foo</p> +<pre><code>bar +</code></pre> +<p>baz</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Other blocks can also occur before and after fenced code blocks +without an intervening blank line: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo +--- +~~~ +bar +~~~ +# baz +. +<h2>foo</h2> +<pre><code>bar +</code></pre> +<h1>baz</h1> +```````````````````````````````` + + +An [info string] can be provided after the opening code fence. +Although this spec doesn't mandate any particular treatment of +the info string, the first word is typically used to specify +the language of the code block. In HTML output, the language is +normally indicated by adding a class to the `code` element consisting +of `language-` followed by the language name. + +```````````````````````````````` example +```ruby +def foo(x) + return 3 +end +``` +. +<pre><code class="language-ruby">def foo(x) + return 3 +end +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +~~~~ ruby startline=3 $%@#$ +def foo(x) + return 3 +end +~~~~~~~ +. +<pre><code class="language-ruby">def foo(x) + return 3 +end +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +````; +```` +. +<pre><code class="language-;"></code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +[Info strings] for backtick code blocks cannot contain backticks: + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` aa ``` +foo +. +<p><code>aa</code> +foo</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +[Info strings] for tilde code blocks can contain backticks and tildes: + +```````````````````````````````` example +~~~ aa ``` ~~~ +foo +~~~ +. +<pre><code class="language-aa">foo +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Closing code fences cannot have [info strings]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` +``` aaa +``` +. +<pre><code>``` aaa +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +## HTML blocks + +An [HTML block](@) is a group of lines that is treated +as raw HTML (and will not be escaped in HTML output). + +There are seven kinds of [HTML block], which can be defined by their +start and end conditions. The block begins with a line that meets a +[start condition](@) (after up to three optional spaces of indentation). +It ends with the first subsequent line that meets a matching +[end condition](@), or the last line of the document, or the last line of +the [container block](#container-blocks) containing the current HTML +block, if no line is encountered that meets the [end condition]. If +the first line meets both the [start condition] and the [end +condition], the block will contain just that line. + +1. **Start condition:** line begins with the string `<pre`, +`<script`, `<style`, or `<textarea` (case-insensitive), followed by a space, +a tab, the string `>`, or the end of the line.\ +**End condition:** line contains an end tag +`</pre>`, `</script>`, `</style>`, or `</textarea>` (case-insensitive; it +need not match the start tag). + +2. **Start condition:** line begins with the string `<!--`.\ +**End condition:** line contains the string `-->`. + +3. **Start condition:** line begins with the string `<?`.\ +**End condition:** line contains the string `?>`. + +4. **Start condition:** line begins with the string `<!` +followed by an ASCII letter.\ +**End condition:** line contains the character `>`. + +5. **Start condition:** line begins with the string +`<![CDATA[`.\ +**End condition:** line contains the string `]]>`. + +6. **Start condition:** line begins the string `<` or `</` +followed by one of the strings (case-insensitive) `address`, +`article`, `aside`, `base`, `basefont`, `blockquote`, `body`, +`caption`, `center`, `col`, `colgroup`, `dd`, `details`, `dialog`, +`dir`, `div`, `dl`, `dt`, `fieldset`, `figcaption`, `figure`, +`footer`, `form`, `frame`, `frameset`, +`h1`, `h2`, `h3`, `h4`, `h5`, `h6`, `head`, `header`, `hr`, +`html`, `iframe`, `legend`, `li`, `link`, `main`, `menu`, `menuitem`, +`nav`, `noframes`, `ol`, `optgroup`, `option`, `p`, `param`, +`section`, `source`, `summary`, `table`, `tbody`, `td`, +`tfoot`, `th`, `thead`, `title`, `tr`, `track`, `ul`, followed +by a space, a tab, the end of the line, the string `>`, or +the string `/>`.\ +**End condition:** line is followed by a [blank line]. + +7. **Start condition:** line begins with a complete [open tag] +(with any [tag name] other than `pre`, `script`, +`style`, or `textarea`) or a complete [closing tag], +followed by zero or more spaces and tabs, followed by the end of the line.\ +**End condition:** line is followed by a [blank line]. + +HTML blocks continue until they are closed by their appropriate +[end condition], or the last line of the document or other [container +block](#container-blocks). This means any HTML **within an HTML +block** that might otherwise be recognised as a start condition will +be ignored by the parser and passed through as-is, without changing +the parser's state. + +For instance, `<pre>` within an HTML block started by `<table>` will not affect +the parser state; as the HTML block was started in by start condition 6, it +will end at any blank line. This can be surprising: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<table><tr><td> +<pre> +**Hello**, + +_world_. +</pre> +</td></tr></table> +. +<table><tr><td> +<pre> +**Hello**, +<p><em>world</em>. +</pre></p> +</td></tr></table> +```````````````````````````````` + +In this case, the HTML block is terminated by the blank line — the `**Hello**` +text remains verbatim — and regular parsing resumes, with a paragraph, +emphasised `world` and inline and block HTML following. + +All types of [HTML blocks] except type 7 may interrupt +a paragraph. Blocks of type 7 may not interrupt a paragraph. +(This restriction is intended to prevent unwanted interpretation +of long tags inside a wrapped paragraph as starting HTML blocks.) + +Some simple examples follow. Here are some basic HTML blocks +of type 6: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<table> + <tr> + <td> + hi + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +okay. +. +<table> + <tr> + <td> + hi + </td> + </tr> +</table> +<p>okay.</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + <div> + *hello* + <foo><a> +. + <div> + *hello* + <foo><a> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A block can also start with a closing tag: + +```````````````````````````````` example +</div> +*foo* +. +</div> +*foo* +```````````````````````````````` + + +Here we have two HTML blocks with a Markdown paragraph between them: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<DIV CLASS="foo"> + +*Markdown* + +</DIV> +. +<DIV CLASS="foo"> +<p><em>Markdown</em></p> +</DIV> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The tag on the first line can be partial, as long +as it is split where there would be whitespace: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<div id="foo" + class="bar"> +</div> +. +<div id="foo" + class="bar"> +</div> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<div id="foo" class="bar + baz"> +</div> +. +<div id="foo" class="bar + baz"> +</div> +```````````````````````````````` + + +An open tag need not be closed: +```````````````````````````````` example +<div> +*foo* + +*bar* +. +<div> +*foo* +<p><em>bar</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +A partial tag need not even be completed (garbage +in, garbage out): + +```````````````````````````````` example +<div id="foo" +*hi* +. +<div id="foo" +*hi* +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<div class +foo +. +<div class +foo +```````````````````````````````` + + +The initial tag doesn't even need to be a valid +tag, as long as it starts like one: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<div *???-&&&-<--- +*foo* +. +<div *???-&&&-<--- +*foo* +```````````````````````````````` + + +In type 6 blocks, the initial tag need not be on a line by +itself: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<div><a href="bar">*foo*</a></div> +. +<div><a href="bar">*foo*</a></div> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<table><tr><td> +foo +</td></tr></table> +. +<table><tr><td> +foo +</td></tr></table> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Everything until the next blank line or end of document +gets included in the HTML block. So, in the following +example, what looks like a Markdown code block +is actually part of the HTML block, which continues until a blank +line or the end of the document is reached: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<div></div> +``` c +int x = 33; +``` +. +<div></div> +``` c +int x = 33; +``` +```````````````````````````````` + + +To start an [HTML block] with a tag that is *not* in the +list of block-level tags in (6), you must put the tag by +itself on the first line (and it must be complete): + +```````````````````````````````` example +<a href="foo"> +*bar* +</a> +. +<a href="foo"> +*bar* +</a> +```````````````````````````````` + + +In type 7 blocks, the [tag name] can be anything: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<Warning> +*bar* +</Warning> +. +<Warning> +*bar* +</Warning> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<i class="foo"> +*bar* +</i> +. +<i class="foo"> +*bar* +</i> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +</ins> +*bar* +. +</ins> +*bar* +```````````````````````````````` + + +These rules are designed to allow us to work with tags that +can function as either block-level or inline-level tags. +The `<del>` tag is a nice example. We can surround content with +`<del>` tags in three different ways. In this case, we get a raw +HTML block, because the `<del>` tag is on a line by itself: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<del> +*foo* +</del> +. +<del> +*foo* +</del> +```````````````````````````````` + + +In this case, we get a raw HTML block that just includes +the `<del>` tag (because it ends with the following blank +line). So the contents get interpreted as CommonMark: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<del> + +*foo* + +</del> +. +<del> +<p><em>foo</em></p> +</del> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Finally, in this case, the `<del>` tags are interpreted +as [raw HTML] *inside* the CommonMark paragraph. (Because +the tag is not on a line by itself, we get inline HTML +rather than an [HTML block].) + +```````````````````````````````` example +<del>*foo*</del> +. +<p><del><em>foo</em></del></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +HTML tags designed to contain literal content +(`pre`, `script`, `style`, `textarea`), comments, processing instructions, +and declarations are treated somewhat differently. +Instead of ending at the first blank line, these blocks +end at the first line containing a corresponding end tag. +As a result, these blocks can contain blank lines: + +A pre tag (type 1): + +```````````````````````````````` example +<pre language="haskell"><code> +import Text.HTML.TagSoup + +main :: IO () +main = print $ parseTags tags +</code></pre> +okay +. +<pre language="haskell"><code> +import Text.HTML.TagSoup + +main :: IO () +main = print $ parseTags tags +</code></pre> +<p>okay</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A script tag (type 1): + +```````````````````````````````` example +<script type="text/javascript"> +// JavaScript example + +document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "Hello JavaScript!"; +</script> +okay +. +<script type="text/javascript"> +// JavaScript example + +document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "Hello JavaScript!"; +</script> +<p>okay</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A textarea tag (type 1): + +```````````````````````````````` example +<textarea> + +*foo* + +_bar_ + +</textarea> +. +<textarea> + +*foo* + +_bar_ + +</textarea> +```````````````````````````````` + +A style tag (type 1): + +```````````````````````````````` example +<style + type="text/css"> +h1 {color:red;} + +p {color:blue;} +</style> +okay +. +<style + type="text/css"> +h1 {color:red;} + +p {color:blue;} +</style> +<p>okay</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +If there is no matching end tag, the block will end at the +end of the document (or the enclosing [block quote][block quotes] +or [list item][list items]): + +```````````````````````````````` example +<style + type="text/css"> + +foo +. +<style + type="text/css"> + +foo +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +> <div> +> foo + +bar +. +<blockquote> +<div> +foo +</blockquote> +<p>bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +- <div> +- foo +. +<ul> +<li> +<div> +</li> +<li>foo</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The end tag can occur on the same line as the start tag: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<style>p{color:red;}</style> +*foo* +. +<style>p{color:red;}</style> +<p><em>foo</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<!-- foo -->*bar* +*baz* +. +<!-- foo -->*bar* +<p><em>baz</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Note that anything on the last line after the +end tag will be included in the [HTML block]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<script> +foo +</script>1. *bar* +. +<script> +foo +</script>1. *bar* +```````````````````````````````` + + +A comment (type 2): + +```````````````````````````````` example +<!-- Foo + +bar + baz --> +okay +. +<!-- Foo + +bar + baz --> +<p>okay</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +A processing instruction (type 3): + +```````````````````````````````` example +<?php + + echo '>'; + +?> +okay +. +<?php + + echo '>'; + +?> +<p>okay</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A declaration (type 4): + +```````````````````````````````` example +<!DOCTYPE html> +. +<!DOCTYPE html> +```````````````````````````````` + + +CDATA (type 5): + +```````````````````````````````` example +<![CDATA[ +function matchwo(a,b) +{ + if (a < b && a < 0) then { + return 1; + + } else { + + return 0; + } +} +]]> +okay +. +<![CDATA[ +function matchwo(a,b) +{ + if (a < b && a < 0) then { + return 1; + + } else { + + return 0; + } +} +]]> +<p>okay</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The opening tag can be preceded by up to three spaces of indentation, but not +four: + +```````````````````````````````` example + <!-- foo --> + + <!-- foo --> +. + <!-- foo --> +<pre><code><!-- foo --> +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + <div> + + <div> +. + <div> +<pre><code><div> +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +An HTML block of types 1--6 can interrupt a paragraph, and need not be +preceded by a blank line. + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo +<div> +bar +</div> +. +<p>Foo</p> +<div> +bar +</div> +```````````````````````````````` + + +However, a following blank line is needed, except at the end of +a document, and except for blocks of types 1--5, [above][HTML +block]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<div> +bar +</div> +*foo* +. +<div> +bar +</div> +*foo* +```````````````````````````````` + + +HTML blocks of type 7 cannot interrupt a paragraph: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo +<a href="bar"> +baz +. +<p>Foo +<a href="bar"> +baz</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This rule differs from John Gruber's original Markdown syntax +specification, which says: + +> The only restrictions are that block-level HTML elements — +> e.g. `<div>`, `<table>`, `<pre>`, `<p>`, etc. — must be separated from +> surrounding content by blank lines, and the start and end tags of the +> block should not be indented with spaces or tabs. + +In some ways Gruber's rule is more restrictive than the one given +here: + +- It requires that an HTML block be preceded by a blank line. +- It does not allow the start tag to be indented. +- It requires a matching end tag, which it also does not allow to + be indented. + +Most Markdown implementations (including some of Gruber's own) do not +respect all of these restrictions. + +There is one respect, however, in which Gruber's rule is more liberal +than the one given here, since it allows blank lines to occur inside +an HTML block. There are two reasons for disallowing them here. +First, it removes the need to parse balanced tags, which is +expensive and can require backtracking from the end of the document +if no matching end tag is found. Second, it provides a very simple +and flexible way of including Markdown content inside HTML tags: +simply separate the Markdown from the HTML using blank lines: + +Compare: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<div> + +*Emphasized* text. + +</div> +. +<div> +<p><em>Emphasized</em> text.</p> +</div> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<div> +*Emphasized* text. +</div> +. +<div> +*Emphasized* text. +</div> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Some Markdown implementations have adopted a convention of +interpreting content inside tags as text if the open tag has +the attribute `markdown=1`. The rule given above seems a simpler and +more elegant way of achieving the same expressive power, which is also +much simpler to parse. + +The main potential drawback is that one can no longer paste HTML +blocks into Markdown documents with 100% reliability. However, +*in most cases* this will work fine, because the blank lines in +HTML are usually followed by HTML block tags. For example: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<table> + +<tr> + +<td> +Hi +</td> + +</tr> + +</table> +. +<table> +<tr> +<td> +Hi +</td> +</tr> +</table> +```````````````````````````````` + + +There are problems, however, if the inner tags are indented +*and* separated by spaces, as then they will be interpreted as +an indented code block: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<table> + + <tr> + + <td> + Hi + </td> + + </tr> + +</table> +. +<table> + <tr> +<pre><code><td> + Hi +</td> +</code></pre> + </tr> +</table> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Fortunately, blank lines are usually not necessary and can be +deleted. The exception is inside `<pre>` tags, but as described +[above][HTML blocks], raw HTML blocks starting with `<pre>` +*can* contain blank lines. + +## Link reference definitions + +A [link reference definition](@) +consists of a [link label], optionally preceded by up to three spaces of +indentation, followed +by a colon (`:`), optional spaces or tabs (including up to one +[line ending]), a [link destination], +optional spaces or tabs (including up to one +[line ending]), and an optional [link +title], which if it is present must be separated +from the [link destination] by spaces or tabs. +No further character may occur. + +A [link reference definition] +does not correspond to a structural element of a document. Instead, it +defines a label which can be used in [reference links] +and reference-style [images] elsewhere in the document. [Link +reference definitions] can come either before or after the links that use +them. + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo]: /url "title" + +[foo] +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + [foo]: + /url + 'the title' + +[foo] +. +<p><a href="/url" title="the title">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[Foo*bar\]]:my_(url) 'title (with parens)' + +[Foo*bar\]] +. +<p><a href="my_(url)" title="title (with parens)">Foo*bar]</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[Foo bar]: +<my url> +'title' + +[Foo bar] +. +<p><a href="my%20url" title="title">Foo bar</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The title may extend over multiple lines: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo]: /url ' +title +line1 +line2 +' + +[foo] +. +<p><a href="/url" title=" +title +line1 +line2 +">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +However, it may not contain a [blank line]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo]: /url 'title + +with blank line' + +[foo] +. +<p>[foo]: /url 'title</p> +<p>with blank line'</p> +<p>[foo]</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The title may be omitted: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo]: +/url + +[foo] +. +<p><a href="/url">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The link destination may not be omitted: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo]: + +[foo] +. +<p>[foo]:</p> +<p>[foo]</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + However, an empty link destination may be specified using + angle brackets: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo]: <> + +[foo] +. +<p><a href="">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +The title must be separated from the link destination by +spaces or tabs: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo]: <bar>(baz) + +[foo] +. +<p>[foo]: <bar>(baz)</p> +<p>[foo]</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Both title and destination can contain backslash escapes +and literal backslashes: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo]: /url\bar\*baz "foo\"bar\baz" + +[foo] +. +<p><a href="/url%5Cbar*baz" title="foo"bar\baz">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A link can come before its corresponding definition: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo] + +[foo]: url +. +<p><a href="url">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +If there are several matching definitions, the first one takes +precedence: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo] + +[foo]: first +[foo]: second +. +<p><a href="first">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +As noted in the section on [Links], matching of labels is +case-insensitive (see [matches]). + +```````````````````````````````` example +[FOO]: /url + +[Foo] +. +<p><a href="/url">Foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[ΑΓΩ]: /φου + +[αγω] +. +<p><a href="/%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%85">αγω</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Whether something is a [link reference definition] is +independent of whether the link reference it defines is +used in the document. Thus, for example, the following +document contains just a link reference definition, and +no visible content: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo]: /url +. +```````````````````````````````` + + +Here is another one: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[ +foo +]: /url +bar +. +<p>bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not a link reference definition, because there are +characters other than spaces or tabs after the title: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo]: /url "title" ok +. +<p>[foo]: /url "title" ok</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is a link reference definition, but it has no title: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo]: /url +"title" ok +. +<p>"title" ok</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not a link reference definition, because it is indented +four spaces: + +```````````````````````````````` example + [foo]: /url "title" + +[foo] +. +<pre><code>[foo]: /url "title" +</code></pre> +<p>[foo]</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not a link reference definition, because it occurs inside +a code block: + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` +[foo]: /url +``` + +[foo] +. +<pre><code>[foo]: /url +</code></pre> +<p>[foo]</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A [link reference definition] cannot interrupt a paragraph. + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo +[bar]: /baz + +[bar] +. +<p>Foo +[bar]: /baz</p> +<p>[bar]</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +However, it can directly follow other block elements, such as headings +and thematic breaks, and it need not be followed by a blank line. + +```````````````````````````````` example +# [Foo] +[foo]: /url +> bar +. +<h1><a href="/url">Foo</a></h1> +<blockquote> +<p>bar</p> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo]: /url +bar +=== +[foo] +. +<h1>bar</h1> +<p><a href="/url">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo]: /url +=== +[foo] +. +<p>=== +<a href="/url">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Several [link reference definitions] +can occur one after another, without intervening blank lines. + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo]: /foo-url "foo" +[bar]: /bar-url + "bar" +[baz]: /baz-url + +[foo], +[bar], +[baz] +. +<p><a href="/foo-url" title="foo">foo</a>, +<a href="/bar-url" title="bar">bar</a>, +<a href="/baz-url">baz</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +[Link reference definitions] can occur +inside block containers, like lists and block quotations. They +affect the entire document, not just the container in which they +are defined: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo] + +> [foo]: /url +. +<p><a href="/url">foo</a></p> +<blockquote> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +## Paragraphs + +A sequence of non-blank lines that cannot be interpreted as other +kinds of blocks forms a [paragraph](@). +The contents of the paragraph are the result of parsing the +paragraph's raw content as inlines. The paragraph's raw content +is formed by concatenating the lines and removing initial and final +spaces or tabs. + +A simple example with two paragraphs: + +```````````````````````````````` example +aaa + +bbb +. +<p>aaa</p> +<p>bbb</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Paragraphs can contain multiple lines, but no blank lines: + +```````````````````````````````` example +aaa +bbb + +ccc +ddd +. +<p>aaa +bbb</p> +<p>ccc +ddd</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Multiple blank lines between paragraphs have no effect: + +```````````````````````````````` example +aaa + + +bbb +. +<p>aaa</p> +<p>bbb</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Leading spaces or tabs are skipped: + +```````````````````````````````` example + aaa + bbb +. +<p>aaa +bbb</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Lines after the first may be indented any amount, since indented +code blocks cannot interrupt paragraphs. + +```````````````````````````````` example +aaa + bbb + ccc +. +<p>aaa +bbb +ccc</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +However, the first line may be preceded by up to three spaces of indentation. +Four spaces of indentation is too many: + +```````````````````````````````` example + aaa +bbb +. +<p>aaa +bbb</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + aaa +bbb +. +<pre><code>aaa +</code></pre> +<p>bbb</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Final spaces or tabs are stripped before inline parsing, so a paragraph +that ends with two or more spaces will not end with a [hard line +break]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +aaa +bbb +. +<p>aaa<br /> +bbb</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +## Blank lines + +[Blank lines] between block-level elements are ignored, +except for the role they play in determining whether a [list] +is [tight] or [loose]. + +Blank lines at the beginning and end of the document are also ignored. + +```````````````````````````````` example + + +aaa + + +# aaa + + +. +<p>aaa</p> +<h1>aaa</h1> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +# Container blocks + +A [container block](#container-blocks) is a block that has other +blocks as its contents. There are two basic kinds of container blocks: +[block quotes] and [list items]. +[Lists] are meta-containers for [list items]. + +We define the syntax for container blocks recursively. The general +form of the definition is: + +> If X is a sequence of blocks, then the result of +> transforming X in such-and-such a way is a container of type Y +> with these blocks as its content. + +So, we explain what counts as a block quote or list item by explaining +how these can be *generated* from their contents. This should suffice +to define the syntax, although it does not give a recipe for *parsing* +these constructions. (A recipe is provided below in the section entitled +[A parsing strategy](#appendix-a-parsing-strategy).) + +## Block quotes + +A [block quote marker](@), +optionally preceded by up to three spaces of indentation, +consists of (a) the character `>` together with a following space of +indentation, or (b) a single character `>` not followed by a space of +indentation. + +The following rules define [block quotes]: + +1. **Basic case.** If a string of lines *Ls* constitute a sequence + of blocks *Bs*, then the result of prepending a [block quote + marker] to the beginning of each line in *Ls* + is a [block quote](#block-quotes) containing *Bs*. + +2. **Laziness.** If a string of lines *Ls* constitute a [block + quote](#block-quotes) with contents *Bs*, then the result of deleting + the initial [block quote marker] from one or + more lines in which the next character other than a space or tab after the + [block quote marker] is [paragraph continuation + text] is a block quote with *Bs* as its content. + [Paragraph continuation text](@) is text + that will be parsed as part of the content of a paragraph, but does + not occur at the beginning of the paragraph. + +3. **Consecutiveness.** A document cannot contain two [block + quotes] in a row unless there is a [blank line] between them. + +Nothing else counts as a [block quote](#block-quotes). + +Here is a simple example: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> # Foo +> bar +> baz +. +<blockquote> +<h1>Foo</h1> +<p>bar +baz</p> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The space or tab after the `>` characters can be omitted: + +```````````````````````````````` example +># Foo +>bar +> baz +. +<blockquote> +<h1>Foo</h1> +<p>bar +baz</p> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The `>` characters can be preceded by up to three spaces of indentation: + +```````````````````````````````` example + > # Foo + > bar + > baz +. +<blockquote> +<h1>Foo</h1> +<p>bar +baz</p> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Four spaces of indentation is too many: + +```````````````````````````````` example + > # Foo + > bar + > baz +. +<pre><code>> # Foo +> bar +> baz +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The Laziness clause allows us to omit the `>` before +[paragraph continuation text]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> # Foo +> bar +baz +. +<blockquote> +<h1>Foo</h1> +<p>bar +baz</p> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A block quote can contain some lazy and some non-lazy +continuation lines: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> bar +baz +> foo +. +<blockquote> +<p>bar +baz +foo</p> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Laziness only applies to lines that would have been continuations of +paragraphs had they been prepended with [block quote markers]. +For example, the `> ` cannot be omitted in the second line of + +``` markdown +> foo +> --- +``` + +without changing the meaning: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> foo +--- +. +<blockquote> +<p>foo</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Similarly, if we omit the `> ` in the second line of + +``` markdown +> - foo +> - bar +``` + +then the block quote ends after the first line: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> - foo +- bar +. +<blockquote> +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +</ul> +</blockquote> +<ul> +<li>bar</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +For the same reason, we can't omit the `> ` in front of +subsequent lines of an indented or fenced code block: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> foo + bar +. +<blockquote> +<pre><code>foo +</code></pre> +</blockquote> +<pre><code>bar +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +> ``` +foo +``` +. +<blockquote> +<pre><code></code></pre> +</blockquote> +<p>foo</p> +<pre><code></code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Note that in the following case, we have a [lazy +continuation line]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> foo + - bar +. +<blockquote> +<p>foo +- bar</p> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +To see why, note that in + +```markdown +> foo +> - bar +``` + +the `- bar` is indented too far to start a list, and can't +be an indented code block because indented code blocks cannot +interrupt paragraphs, so it is [paragraph continuation text]. + +A block quote can be empty: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> +. +<blockquote> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +> +> +> +. +<blockquote> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A block quote can have initial or final blank lines: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> +> foo +> +. +<blockquote> +<p>foo</p> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A blank line always separates block quotes: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> foo + +> bar +. +<blockquote> +<p>foo</p> +</blockquote> +<blockquote> +<p>bar</p> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +(Most current Markdown implementations, including John Gruber's +original `Markdown.pl`, will parse this example as a single block quote +with two paragraphs. But it seems better to allow the author to decide +whether two block quotes or one are wanted.) + +Consecutiveness means that if we put these block quotes together, +we get a single block quote: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> foo +> bar +. +<blockquote> +<p>foo +bar</p> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +To get a block quote with two paragraphs, use: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> foo +> +> bar +. +<blockquote> +<p>foo</p> +<p>bar</p> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Block quotes can interrupt paragraphs: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo +> bar +. +<p>foo</p> +<blockquote> +<p>bar</p> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +In general, blank lines are not needed before or after block +quotes: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> aaa +*** +> bbb +. +<blockquote> +<p>aaa</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +<blockquote> +<p>bbb</p> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +However, because of laziness, a blank line is needed between +a block quote and a following paragraph: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> bar +baz +. +<blockquote> +<p>bar +baz</p> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +> bar + +baz +. +<blockquote> +<p>bar</p> +</blockquote> +<p>baz</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +> bar +> +baz +. +<blockquote> +<p>bar</p> +</blockquote> +<p>baz</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +It is a consequence of the Laziness rule that any number +of initial `>`s may be omitted on a continuation line of a +nested block quote: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> > > foo +bar +. +<blockquote> +<blockquote> +<blockquote> +<p>foo +bar</p> +</blockquote> +</blockquote> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +>>> foo +> bar +>>baz +. +<blockquote> +<blockquote> +<blockquote> +<p>foo +bar +baz</p> +</blockquote> +</blockquote> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +When including an indented code block in a block quote, +remember that the [block quote marker] includes +both the `>` and a following space of indentation. So *five spaces* are needed +after the `>`: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> code + +> not code +. +<blockquote> +<pre><code>code +</code></pre> +</blockquote> +<blockquote> +<p>not code</p> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +## List items + +A [list marker](@) is a +[bullet list marker] or an [ordered list marker]. + +A [bullet list marker](@) +is a `-`, `+`, or `*` character. + +An [ordered list marker](@) +is a sequence of 1--9 arabic digits (`0-9`), followed by either a +`.` character or a `)` character. (The reason for the length +limit is that with 10 digits we start seeing integer overflows +in some browsers.) + +The following rules define [list items]: + +1. **Basic case.** If a sequence of lines *Ls* constitute a sequence of + blocks *Bs* starting with a character other than a space or tab, and *M* is + a list marker of width *W* followed by 1 ≤ *N* ≤ 4 spaces of indentation, + then the result of prepending *M* and the following spaces to the first line + of Ls*, and indenting subsequent lines of *Ls* by *W + N* spaces, is a + list item with *Bs* as its contents. The type of the list item + (bullet or ordered) is determined by the type of its list marker. + If the list item is ordered, then it is also assigned a start + number, based on the ordered list marker. + + Exceptions: + + 1. When the first list item in a [list] interrupts + a paragraph---that is, when it starts on a line that would + otherwise count as [paragraph continuation text]---then (a) + the lines *Ls* must not begin with a blank line, and (b) if + the list item is ordered, the start number must be 1. + 2. If any line is a [thematic break][thematic breaks] then + that line is not a list item. + +For example, let *Ls* be the lines + +```````````````````````````````` example +A paragraph +with two lines. + + indented code + +> A block quote. +. +<p>A paragraph +with two lines.</p> +<pre><code>indented code +</code></pre> +<blockquote> +<p>A block quote.</p> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +And let *M* be the marker `1.`, and *N* = 2. Then rule #1 says +that the following is an ordered list item with start number 1, +and the same contents as *Ls*: + +```````````````````````````````` example +1. A paragraph + with two lines. + + indented code + + > A block quote. +. +<ol> +<li> +<p>A paragraph +with two lines.</p> +<pre><code>indented code +</code></pre> +<blockquote> +<p>A block quote.</p> +</blockquote> +</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The most important thing to notice is that the position of +the text after the list marker determines how much indentation +is needed in subsequent blocks in the list item. If the list +marker takes up two spaces of indentation, and there are three spaces between +the list marker and the next character other than a space or tab, then blocks +must be indented five spaces in order to fall under the list +item. + +Here are some examples showing how far content must be indented to be +put under the list item: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- one + + two +. +<ul> +<li>one</li> +</ul> +<p>two</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +- one + + two +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>one</p> +<p>two</p> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + - one + + two +. +<ul> +<li>one</li> +</ul> +<pre><code> two +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + - one + + two +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>one</p> +<p>two</p> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +It is tempting to think of this in terms of columns: the continuation +blocks must be indented at least to the column of the first character other than +a space or tab after the list marker. However, that is not quite right. +The spaces of indentation after the list marker determine how much relative +indentation is needed. Which column this indentation reaches will depend on +how the list item is embedded in other constructions, as shown by +this example: + +```````````````````````````````` example + > > 1. one +>> +>> two +. +<blockquote> +<blockquote> +<ol> +<li> +<p>one</p> +<p>two</p> +</li> +</ol> +</blockquote> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Here `two` occurs in the same column as the list marker `1.`, +but is actually contained in the list item, because there is +sufficient indentation after the last containing blockquote marker. + +The converse is also possible. In the following example, the word `two` +occurs far to the right of the initial text of the list item, `one`, but +it is not considered part of the list item, because it is not indented +far enough past the blockquote marker: + +```````````````````````````````` example +>>- one +>> + > > two +. +<blockquote> +<blockquote> +<ul> +<li>one</li> +</ul> +<p>two</p> +</blockquote> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Note that at least one space or tab is needed between the list marker and +any following content, so these are not list items: + +```````````````````````````````` example +-one + +2.two +. +<p>-one</p> +<p>2.two</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A list item may contain blocks that are separated by more than +one blank line. + +```````````````````````````````` example +- foo + + + bar +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<p>bar</p> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A list item may contain any kind of block: + +```````````````````````````````` example +1. foo + + ``` + bar + ``` + + baz + + > bam +. +<ol> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<pre><code>bar +</code></pre> +<p>baz</p> +<blockquote> +<p>bam</p> +</blockquote> +</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A list item that contains an indented code block will preserve +empty lines within the code block verbatim. + +```````````````````````````````` example +- Foo + + bar + + + baz +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>Foo</p> +<pre><code>bar + + +baz +</code></pre> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + +Note that ordered list start numbers must be nine digits or less: + +```````````````````````````````` example +123456789. ok +. +<ol start="123456789"> +<li>ok</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +1234567890. not ok +. +<p>1234567890. not ok</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A start number may begin with 0s: + +```````````````````````````````` example +0. ok +. +<ol start="0"> +<li>ok</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +003. ok +. +<ol start="3"> +<li>ok</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A start number may not be negative: + +```````````````````````````````` example +-1. not ok +. +<p>-1. not ok</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +2. **Item starting with indented code.** If a sequence of lines *Ls* + constitute a sequence of blocks *Bs* starting with an indented code + block, and *M* is a list marker of width *W* followed by + one space of indentation, then the result of prepending *M* and the + following space to the first line of *Ls*, and indenting subsequent lines + of *Ls* by *W + 1* spaces, is a list item with *Bs* as its contents. + If a line is empty, then it need not be indented. The type of the + list item (bullet or ordered) is determined by the type of its list + marker. If the list item is ordered, then it is also assigned a + start number, based on the ordered list marker. + +An indented code block will have to be preceded by four spaces of indentation +beyond the edge of the region where text will be included in the list item. +In the following case that is 6 spaces: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- foo + + bar +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<pre><code>bar +</code></pre> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +And in this case it is 11 spaces: + +```````````````````````````````` example + 10. foo + + bar +. +<ol start="10"> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<pre><code>bar +</code></pre> +</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + +If the *first* block in the list item is an indented code block, +then by rule #2, the contents must be preceded by *one* space of indentation +after the list marker: + +```````````````````````````````` example + indented code + +paragraph + + more code +. +<pre><code>indented code +</code></pre> +<p>paragraph</p> +<pre><code>more code +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +1. indented code + + paragraph + + more code +. +<ol> +<li> +<pre><code>indented code +</code></pre> +<p>paragraph</p> +<pre><code>more code +</code></pre> +</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Note that an additional space of indentation is interpreted as space +inside the code block: + +```````````````````````````````` example +1. indented code + + paragraph + + more code +. +<ol> +<li> +<pre><code> indented code +</code></pre> +<p>paragraph</p> +<pre><code>more code +</code></pre> +</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Note that rules #1 and #2 only apply to two cases: (a) cases +in which the lines to be included in a list item begin with a +character other than a space or tab, and (b) cases in which +they begin with an indented code +block. In a case like the following, where the first block begins with +three spaces of indentation, the rules do not allow us to form a list item by +indenting the whole thing and prepending a list marker: + +```````````````````````````````` example + foo + +bar +. +<p>foo</p> +<p>bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +- foo + + bar +. +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +</ul> +<p>bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not a significant restriction, because when a block is preceded by up to +three spaces of indentation, the indentation can always be removed without +a change in interpretation, allowing rule #1 to be applied. So, in +the above case: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- foo + + bar +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<p>bar</p> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +3. **Item starting with a blank line.** If a sequence of lines *Ls* + starting with a single [blank line] constitute a (possibly empty) + sequence of blocks *Bs*, and *M* is a list marker of width *W*, + then the result of prepending *M* to the first line of *Ls*, and + preceding subsequent lines of *Ls* by *W + 1* spaces of indentation, is a + list item with *Bs* as its contents. + If a line is empty, then it need not be indented. The type of the + list item (bullet or ordered) is determined by the type of its list + marker. If the list item is ordered, then it is also assigned a + start number, based on the ordered list marker. + +Here are some list items that start with a blank line but are not empty: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- + foo +- + ``` + bar + ``` +- + baz +. +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +<li> +<pre><code>bar +</code></pre> +</li> +<li> +<pre><code>baz +</code></pre> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + +When the list item starts with a blank line, the number of spaces +following the list marker doesn't change the required indentation: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- + foo +. +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A list item can begin with at most one blank line. +In the following example, `foo` is not part of the list +item: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- + + foo +. +<ul> +<li></li> +</ul> +<p>foo</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Here is an empty bullet list item: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- foo +- +- bar +. +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +<li></li> +<li>bar</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +It does not matter whether there are spaces or tabs following the [list marker]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- foo +- +- bar +. +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +<li></li> +<li>bar</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Here is an empty ordered list item: + +```````````````````````````````` example +1. foo +2. +3. bar +. +<ol> +<li>foo</li> +<li></li> +<li>bar</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A list may start or end with an empty list item: + +```````````````````````````````` example +* +. +<ul> +<li></li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + +However, an empty list item cannot interrupt a paragraph: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo +* + +foo +1. +. +<p>foo +*</p> +<p>foo +1.</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +4. **Indentation.** If a sequence of lines *Ls* constitutes a list item + according to rule #1, #2, or #3, then the result of preceding each line + of *Ls* by up to three spaces of indentation (the same for each line) also + constitutes a list item with the same contents and attributes. If a line is + empty, then it need not be indented. + +Indented one space: + +```````````````````````````````` example + 1. A paragraph + with two lines. + + indented code + + > A block quote. +. +<ol> +<li> +<p>A paragraph +with two lines.</p> +<pre><code>indented code +</code></pre> +<blockquote> +<p>A block quote.</p> +</blockquote> +</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Indented two spaces: + +```````````````````````````````` example + 1. A paragraph + with two lines. + + indented code + + > A block quote. +. +<ol> +<li> +<p>A paragraph +with two lines.</p> +<pre><code>indented code +</code></pre> +<blockquote> +<p>A block quote.</p> +</blockquote> +</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Indented three spaces: + +```````````````````````````````` example + 1. A paragraph + with two lines. + + indented code + + > A block quote. +. +<ol> +<li> +<p>A paragraph +with two lines.</p> +<pre><code>indented code +</code></pre> +<blockquote> +<p>A block quote.</p> +</blockquote> +</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Four spaces indent gives a code block: + +```````````````````````````````` example + 1. A paragraph + with two lines. + + indented code + + > A block quote. +. +<pre><code>1. A paragraph + with two lines. + + indented code + + > A block quote. +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +5. **Laziness.** If a string of lines *Ls* constitute a [list + item](#list-items) with contents *Bs*, then the result of deleting + some or all of the indentation from one or more lines in which the + next character other than a space or tab after the indentation is + [paragraph continuation text] is a + list item with the same contents and attributes. The unindented + lines are called + [lazy continuation line](@)s. + +Here is an example with [lazy continuation lines]: + +```````````````````````````````` example + 1. A paragraph +with two lines. + + indented code + + > A block quote. +. +<ol> +<li> +<p>A paragraph +with two lines.</p> +<pre><code>indented code +</code></pre> +<blockquote> +<p>A block quote.</p> +</blockquote> +</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Indentation can be partially deleted: + +```````````````````````````````` example + 1. A paragraph + with two lines. +. +<ol> +<li>A paragraph +with two lines.</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + +These examples show how laziness can work in nested structures: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> 1. > Blockquote +continued here. +. +<blockquote> +<ol> +<li> +<blockquote> +<p>Blockquote +continued here.</p> +</blockquote> +</li> +</ol> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +> 1. > Blockquote +> continued here. +. +<blockquote> +<ol> +<li> +<blockquote> +<p>Blockquote +continued here.</p> +</blockquote> +</li> +</ol> +</blockquote> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +6. **That's all.** Nothing that is not counted as a list item by rules + #1--5 counts as a [list item](#list-items). + +The rules for sublists follow from the general rules +[above][List items]. A sublist must be indented the same number +of spaces of indentation a paragraph would need to be in order to be included +in the list item. + +So, in this case we need two spaces indent: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- foo + - bar + - baz + - boo +. +<ul> +<li>foo +<ul> +<li>bar +<ul> +<li>baz +<ul> +<li>boo</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +One is not enough: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- foo + - bar + - baz + - boo +. +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +<li>bar</li> +<li>baz</li> +<li>boo</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Here we need four, because the list marker is wider: + +```````````````````````````````` example +10) foo + - bar +. +<ol start="10"> +<li>foo +<ul> +<li>bar</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Three is not enough: + +```````````````````````````````` example +10) foo + - bar +. +<ol start="10"> +<li>foo</li> +</ol> +<ul> +<li>bar</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A list may be the first block in a list item: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- - foo +. +<ul> +<li> +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +1. - 2. foo +. +<ol> +<li> +<ul> +<li> +<ol start="2"> +<li>foo</li> +</ol> +</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A list item can contain a heading: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- # Foo +- Bar + --- + baz +. +<ul> +<li> +<h1>Foo</h1> +</li> +<li> +<h2>Bar</h2> +baz</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +### Motivation + +John Gruber's Markdown spec says the following about list items: + +1. "List markers typically start at the left margin, but may be indented + by up to three spaces. List markers must be followed by one or more + spaces or a tab." + +2. "To make lists look nice, you can wrap items with hanging indents.... + But if you don't want to, you don't have to." + +3. "List items may consist of multiple paragraphs. Each subsequent + paragraph in a list item must be indented by either 4 spaces or one + tab." + +4. "It looks nice if you indent every line of the subsequent paragraphs, + but here again, Markdown will allow you to be lazy." + +5. "To put a blockquote within a list item, the blockquote's `>` + delimiters need to be indented." + +6. "To put a code block within a list item, the code block needs to be + indented twice — 8 spaces or two tabs." + +These rules specify that a paragraph under a list item must be indented +four spaces (presumably, from the left margin, rather than the start of +the list marker, but this is not said), and that code under a list item +must be indented eight spaces instead of the usual four. They also say +that a block quote must be indented, but not by how much; however, the +example given has four spaces indentation. Although nothing is said +about other kinds of block-level content, it is certainly reasonable to +infer that *all* block elements under a list item, including other +lists, must be indented four spaces. This principle has been called the +*four-space rule*. + +The four-space rule is clear and principled, and if the reference +implementation `Markdown.pl` had followed it, it probably would have +become the standard. However, `Markdown.pl` allowed paragraphs and +sublists to start with only two spaces indentation, at least on the +outer level. Worse, its behavior was inconsistent: a sublist of an +outer-level list needed two spaces indentation, but a sublist of this +sublist needed three spaces. It is not surprising, then, that different +implementations of Markdown have developed very different rules for +determining what comes under a list item. (Pandoc and python-Markdown, +for example, stuck with Gruber's syntax description and the four-space +rule, while discount, redcarpet, marked, PHP Markdown, and others +followed `Markdown.pl`'s behavior more closely.) + +Unfortunately, given the divergences between implementations, there +is no way to give a spec for list items that will be guaranteed not +to break any existing documents. However, the spec given here should +correctly handle lists formatted with either the four-space rule or +the more forgiving `Markdown.pl` behavior, provided they are laid out +in a way that is natural for a human to read. + +The strategy here is to let the width and indentation of the list marker +determine the indentation necessary for blocks to fall under the list +item, rather than having a fixed and arbitrary number. The writer can +think of the body of the list item as a unit which gets indented to the +right enough to fit the list marker (and any indentation on the list +marker). (The laziness rule, #5, then allows continuation lines to be +unindented if needed.) + +This rule is superior, we claim, to any rule requiring a fixed level of +indentation from the margin. The four-space rule is clear but +unnatural. It is quite unintuitive that + +``` markdown +- foo + + bar + + - baz +``` + +should be parsed as two lists with an intervening paragraph, + +``` html +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +</ul> +<p>bar</p> +<ul> +<li>baz</li> +</ul> +``` + +as the four-space rule demands, rather than a single list, + +``` html +<ul> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<p>bar</p> +<ul> +<li>baz</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +``` + +The choice of four spaces is arbitrary. It can be learned, but it is +not likely to be guessed, and it trips up beginners regularly. + +Would it help to adopt a two-space rule? The problem is that such +a rule, together with the rule allowing up to three spaces of indentation for +the initial list marker, allows text that is indented *less than* the +original list marker to be included in the list item. For example, +`Markdown.pl` parses + +``` markdown + - one + + two +``` + +as a single list item, with `two` a continuation paragraph: + +``` html +<ul> +<li> +<p>one</p> +<p>two</p> +</li> +</ul> +``` + +and similarly + +``` markdown +> - one +> +> two +``` + +as + +``` html +<blockquote> +<ul> +<li> +<p>one</p> +<p>two</p> +</li> +</ul> +</blockquote> +``` + +This is extremely unintuitive. + +Rather than requiring a fixed indent from the margin, we could require +a fixed indent (say, two spaces, or even one space) from the list marker (which +may itself be indented). This proposal would remove the last anomaly +discussed. Unlike the spec presented above, it would count the following +as a list item with a subparagraph, even though the paragraph `bar` +is not indented as far as the first paragraph `foo`: + +``` markdown + 10. foo + + bar +``` + +Arguably this text does read like a list item with `bar` as a subparagraph, +which may count in favor of the proposal. However, on this proposal indented +code would have to be indented six spaces after the list marker. And this +would break a lot of existing Markdown, which has the pattern: + +``` markdown +1. foo + + indented code +``` + +where the code is indented eight spaces. The spec above, by contrast, will +parse this text as expected, since the code block's indentation is measured +from the beginning of `foo`. + +The one case that needs special treatment is a list item that *starts* +with indented code. How much indentation is required in that case, since +we don't have a "first paragraph" to measure from? Rule #2 simply stipulates +that in such cases, we require one space indentation from the list marker +(and then the normal four spaces for the indented code). This will match the +four-space rule in cases where the list marker plus its initial indentation +takes four spaces (a common case), but diverge in other cases. + +## Lists + +A [list](@) is a sequence of one or more +list items [of the same type]. The list items +may be separated by any number of blank lines. + +Two list items are [of the same type](@) +if they begin with a [list marker] of the same type. +Two list markers are of the +same type if (a) they are bullet list markers using the same character +(`-`, `+`, or `*`) or (b) they are ordered list numbers with the same +delimiter (either `.` or `)`). + +A list is an [ordered list](@) +if its constituent list items begin with +[ordered list markers], and a +[bullet list](@) if its constituent list +items begin with [bullet list markers]. + +The [start number](@) +of an [ordered list] is determined by the list number of +its initial list item. The numbers of subsequent list items are +disregarded. + +A list is [loose](@) if any of its constituent +list items are separated by blank lines, or if any of its constituent +list items directly contain two block-level elements with a blank line +between them. Otherwise a list is [tight](@). +(The difference in HTML output is that paragraphs in a loose list are +wrapped in `<p>` tags, while paragraphs in a tight list are not.) + +Changing the bullet or ordered list delimiter starts a new list: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- foo +- bar ++ baz +. +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +<li>bar</li> +</ul> +<ul> +<li>baz</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +1. foo +2. bar +3) baz +. +<ol> +<li>foo</li> +<li>bar</li> +</ol> +<ol start="3"> +<li>baz</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + +In CommonMark, a list can interrupt a paragraph. That is, +no blank line is needed to separate a paragraph from a following +list: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo +- bar +- baz +. +<p>Foo</p> +<ul> +<li>bar</li> +<li>baz</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + +`Markdown.pl` does not allow this, through fear of triggering a list +via a numeral in a hard-wrapped line: + +``` markdown +The number of windows in my house is +14. The number of doors is 6. +``` + +Oddly, though, `Markdown.pl` *does* allow a blockquote to +interrupt a paragraph, even though the same considerations might +apply. + +In CommonMark, we do allow lists to interrupt paragraphs, for +two reasons. First, it is natural and not uncommon for people +to start lists without blank lines: + +``` markdown +I need to buy +- new shoes +- a coat +- a plane ticket +``` + +Second, we are attracted to a + +> [principle of uniformity](@): +> if a chunk of text has a certain +> meaning, it will continue to have the same meaning when put into a +> container block (such as a list item or blockquote). + +(Indeed, the spec for [list items] and [block quotes] presupposes +this principle.) This principle implies that if + +``` markdown + * I need to buy + - new shoes + - a coat + - a plane ticket +``` + +is a list item containing a paragraph followed by a nested sublist, +as all Markdown implementations agree it is (though the paragraph +may be rendered without `<p>` tags, since the list is "tight"), +then + +``` markdown +I need to buy +- new shoes +- a coat +- a plane ticket +``` + +by itself should be a paragraph followed by a nested sublist. + +Since it is well established Markdown practice to allow lists to +interrupt paragraphs inside list items, the [principle of +uniformity] requires us to allow this outside list items as +well. ([reStructuredText](http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html) +takes a different approach, requiring blank lines before lists +even inside other list items.) + +In order to solve of unwanted lists in paragraphs with +hard-wrapped numerals, we allow only lists starting with `1` to +interrupt paragraphs. Thus, + +```````````````````````````````` example +The number of windows in my house is +14. The number of doors is 6. +. +<p>The number of windows in my house is +14. The number of doors is 6.</p> +```````````````````````````````` + +We may still get an unintended result in cases like + +```````````````````````````````` example +The number of windows in my house is +1. The number of doors is 6. +. +<p>The number of windows in my house is</p> +<ol> +<li>The number of doors is 6.</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + +but this rule should prevent most spurious list captures. + +There can be any number of blank lines between items: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- foo + +- bar + + +- baz +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>bar</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>baz</p> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +- foo + - bar + - baz + + + bim +. +<ul> +<li>foo +<ul> +<li>bar +<ul> +<li> +<p>baz</p> +<p>bim</p> +</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +To separate consecutive lists of the same type, or to separate a +list from an indented code block that would otherwise be parsed +as a subparagraph of the final list item, you can insert a blank HTML +comment: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- foo +- bar + +<!-- --> + +- baz +- bim +. +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +<li>bar</li> +</ul> +<!-- --> +<ul> +<li>baz</li> +<li>bim</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +- foo + + notcode + +- foo + +<!-- --> + + code +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<p>notcode</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +</li> +</ul> +<!-- --> +<pre><code>code +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +List items need not be indented to the same level. The following +list items will be treated as items at the same list level, +since none is indented enough to belong to the previous list +item: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- a + - b + - c + - d + - e + - f +- g +. +<ul> +<li>a</li> +<li>b</li> +<li>c</li> +<li>d</li> +<li>e</li> +<li>f</li> +<li>g</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +1. a + + 2. b + + 3. c +. +<ol> +<li> +<p>a</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>b</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>c</p> +</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + +Note, however, that list items may not be preceded by more than +three spaces of indentation. Here `- e` is treated as a paragraph continuation +line, because it is indented more than three spaces: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- a + - b + - c + - d + - e +. +<ul> +<li>a</li> +<li>b</li> +<li>c</li> +<li>d +- e</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + +And here, `3. c` is treated as in indented code block, +because it is indented four spaces and preceded by a +blank line. + +```````````````````````````````` example +1. a + + 2. b + + 3. c +. +<ol> +<li> +<p>a</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>b</p> +</li> +</ol> +<pre><code>3. c +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is a loose list, because there is a blank line between +two of the list items: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- a +- b + +- c +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>a</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>b</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>c</p> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +So is this, with a empty second item: + +```````````````````````````````` example +* a +* + +* c +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>a</p> +</li> +<li></li> +<li> +<p>c</p> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +These are loose lists, even though there are no blank lines between the items, +because one of the items directly contains two block-level elements +with a blank line between them: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- a +- b + + c +- d +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>a</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>b</p> +<p>c</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>d</p> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +- a +- b + + [ref]: /url +- d +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>a</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>b</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>d</p> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is a tight list, because the blank lines are in a code block: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- a +- ``` + b + + + ``` +- c +. +<ul> +<li>a</li> +<li> +<pre><code>b + + +</code></pre> +</li> +<li>c</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is a tight list, because the blank line is between two +paragraphs of a sublist. So the sublist is loose while +the outer list is tight: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- a + - b + + c +- d +. +<ul> +<li>a +<ul> +<li> +<p>b</p> +<p>c</p> +</li> +</ul> +</li> +<li>d</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is a tight list, because the blank line is inside the +block quote: + +```````````````````````````````` example +* a + > b + > +* c +. +<ul> +<li>a +<blockquote> +<p>b</p> +</blockquote> +</li> +<li>c</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This list is tight, because the consecutive block elements +are not separated by blank lines: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- a + > b + ``` + c + ``` +- d +. +<ul> +<li>a +<blockquote> +<p>b</p> +</blockquote> +<pre><code>c +</code></pre> +</li> +<li>d</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A single-paragraph list is tight: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- a +. +<ul> +<li>a</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +- a + - b +. +<ul> +<li>a +<ul> +<li>b</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This list is loose, because of the blank line between the +two block elements in the list item: + +```````````````````````````````` example +1. ``` + foo + ``` + + bar +. +<ol> +<li> +<pre><code>foo +</code></pre> +<p>bar</p> +</li> +</ol> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Here the outer list is loose, the inner list tight: + +```````````````````````````````` example +* foo + * bar + + baz +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<ul> +<li>bar</li> +</ul> +<p>baz</p> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +- a + - b + - c + +- d + - e + - f +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>a</p> +<ul> +<li>b</li> +<li>c</li> +</ul> +</li> +<li> +<p>d</p> +<ul> +<li>e</li> +<li>f</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + + +# Inlines + +Inlines are parsed sequentially from the beginning of the character +stream to the end (left to right, in left-to-right languages). +Thus, for example, in + +```````````````````````````````` example +`hi`lo` +. +<p><code>hi</code>lo`</p> +```````````````````````````````` + +`hi` is parsed as code, leaving the backtick at the end as a literal +backtick. + + + +## Code spans + +A [backtick string](@) +is a string of one or more backtick characters (`` ` ``) that is neither +preceded nor followed by a backtick. + +A [code span](@) begins with a backtick string and ends with +a backtick string of equal length. The contents of the code span are +the characters between these two backtick strings, normalized in the +following ways: + +- First, [line endings] are converted to [spaces]. +- If the resulting string both begins *and* ends with a [space] + character, but does not consist entirely of [space] + characters, a single [space] character is removed from the + front and back. This allows you to include code that begins + or ends with backtick characters, which must be separated by + whitespace from the opening or closing backtick strings. + +This is a simple code span: + +```````````````````````````````` example +`foo` +. +<p><code>foo</code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Here two backticks are used, because the code contains a backtick. +This example also illustrates stripping of a single leading and +trailing space: + +```````````````````````````````` example +`` foo ` bar `` +. +<p><code>foo ` bar</code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This example shows the motivation for stripping leading and trailing +spaces: + +```````````````````````````````` example +` `` ` +. +<p><code>``</code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +Note that only *one* space is stripped: + +```````````````````````````````` example +` `` ` +. +<p><code> `` </code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +The stripping only happens if the space is on both +sides of the string: + +```````````````````````````````` example +` a` +. +<p><code> a</code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +Only [spaces], and not [unicode whitespace] in general, are +stripped in this way: + +```````````````````````````````` example +` b ` +. +<p><code> b </code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +No stripping occurs if the code span contains only spaces: + +```````````````````````````````` example +` ` +` ` +. +<p><code> </code> +<code> </code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +[Line endings] are treated like spaces: + +```````````````````````````````` example +`` +foo +bar +baz +`` +. +<p><code>foo bar baz</code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +`` +foo +`` +. +<p><code>foo </code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Interior spaces are not collapsed: + +```````````````````````````````` example +`foo bar +baz` +. +<p><code>foo bar baz</code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +Note that browsers will typically collapse consecutive spaces +when rendering `<code>` elements, so it is recommended that +the following CSS be used: + + code{white-space: pre-wrap;} + + +Note that backslash escapes do not work in code spans. All backslashes +are treated literally: + +```````````````````````````````` example +`foo\`bar` +. +<p><code>foo\</code>bar`</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Backslash escapes are never needed, because one can always choose a +string of *n* backtick characters as delimiters, where the code does +not contain any strings of exactly *n* backtick characters. + +```````````````````````````````` example +``foo`bar`` +. +<p><code>foo`bar</code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +` foo `` bar ` +. +<p><code>foo `` bar</code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Code span backticks have higher precedence than any other inline +constructs except HTML tags and autolinks. Thus, for example, this is +not parsed as emphasized text, since the second `*` is part of a code +span: + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo`*` +. +<p>*foo<code>*</code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +And this is not parsed as a link: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[not a `link](/foo`) +. +<p>[not a <code>link](/foo</code>)</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Code spans, HTML tags, and autolinks have the same precedence. +Thus, this is code: + +```````````````````````````````` example +`<a href="`">` +. +<p><code><a href="</code>">`</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +But this is an HTML tag: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<a href="`">` +. +<p><a href="`">`</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +And this is code: + +```````````````````````````````` example +`<http://foo.bar.`baz>` +. +<p><code><http://foo.bar.</code>baz>`</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +But this is an autolink: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<http://foo.bar.`baz>` +. +<p><a href="http://foo.bar.%60baz">http://foo.bar.`baz</a>`</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +When a backtick string is not closed by a matching backtick string, +we just have literal backticks: + +```````````````````````````````` example +```foo`` +. +<p>```foo``</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +`foo +. +<p>`foo</p> +```````````````````````````````` + +The following case also illustrates the need for opening and +closing backtick strings to be equal in length: + +```````````````````````````````` example +`foo``bar`` +. +<p>`foo<code>bar</code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +## Emphasis and strong emphasis + +John Gruber's original [Markdown syntax +description](http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax#em) says: + +> Markdown treats asterisks (`*`) and underscores (`_`) as indicators of +> emphasis. Text wrapped with one `*` or `_` will be wrapped with an HTML +> `<em>` tag; double `*`'s or `_`'s will be wrapped with an HTML `<strong>` +> tag. + +This is enough for most users, but these rules leave much undecided, +especially when it comes to nested emphasis. The original +`Markdown.pl` test suite makes it clear that triple `***` and +`___` delimiters can be used for strong emphasis, and most +implementations have also allowed the following patterns: + +``` markdown +***strong emph*** +***strong** in emph* +***emph* in strong** +**in strong *emph*** +*in emph **strong*** +``` + +The following patterns are less widely supported, but the intent +is clear and they are useful (especially in contexts like bibliography +entries): + +``` markdown +*emph *with emph* in it* +**strong **with strong** in it** +``` + +Many implementations have also restricted intraword emphasis to +the `*` forms, to avoid unwanted emphasis in words containing +internal underscores. (It is best practice to put these in code +spans, but users often do not.) + +``` markdown +internal emphasis: foo*bar*baz +no emphasis: foo_bar_baz +``` + +The rules given below capture all of these patterns, while allowing +for efficient parsing strategies that do not backtrack. + +First, some definitions. A [delimiter run](@) is either +a sequence of one or more `*` characters that is not preceded or +followed by a non-backslash-escaped `*` character, or a sequence +of one or more `_` characters that is not preceded or followed by +a non-backslash-escaped `_` character. + +A [left-flanking delimiter run](@) is +a [delimiter run] that is (1) not followed by [Unicode whitespace], +and either (2a) not followed by a [Unicode punctuation character], or +(2b) followed by a [Unicode punctuation character] and +preceded by [Unicode whitespace] or a [Unicode punctuation character]. +For purposes of this definition, the beginning and the end of +the line count as Unicode whitespace. + +A [right-flanking delimiter run](@) is +a [delimiter run] that is (1) not preceded by [Unicode whitespace], +and either (2a) not preceded by a [Unicode punctuation character], or +(2b) preceded by a [Unicode punctuation character] and +followed by [Unicode whitespace] or a [Unicode punctuation character]. +For purposes of this definition, the beginning and the end of +the line count as Unicode whitespace. + +Here are some examples of delimiter runs. + + - left-flanking but not right-flanking: + + ``` + ***abc + _abc + **"abc" + _"abc" + ``` + + - right-flanking but not left-flanking: + + ``` + abc*** + abc_ + "abc"** + "abc"_ + ``` + + - Both left and right-flanking: + + ``` + abc***def + "abc"_"def" + ``` + + - Neither left nor right-flanking: + + ``` + abc *** def + a _ b + ``` + +(The idea of distinguishing left-flanking and right-flanking +delimiter runs based on the character before and the character +after comes from Roopesh Chander's +[vfmd](http://www.vfmd.org/vfmd-spec/specification/#procedure-for-identifying-emphasis-tags). +vfmd uses the terminology "emphasis indicator string" instead of "delimiter +run," and its rules for distinguishing left- and right-flanking runs +are a bit more complex than the ones given here.) + +The following rules define emphasis and strong emphasis: + +1. A single `*` character [can open emphasis](@) + iff (if and only if) it is part of a [left-flanking delimiter run]. + +2. A single `_` character [can open emphasis] iff + it is part of a [left-flanking delimiter run] + and either (a) not part of a [right-flanking delimiter run] + or (b) part of a [right-flanking delimiter run] + preceded by a [Unicode punctuation character]. + +3. A single `*` character [can close emphasis](@) + iff it is part of a [right-flanking delimiter run]. + +4. A single `_` character [can close emphasis] iff + it is part of a [right-flanking delimiter run] + and either (a) not part of a [left-flanking delimiter run] + or (b) part of a [left-flanking delimiter run] + followed by a [Unicode punctuation character]. + +5. A double `**` [can open strong emphasis](@) + iff it is part of a [left-flanking delimiter run]. + +6. A double `__` [can open strong emphasis] iff + it is part of a [left-flanking delimiter run] + and either (a) not part of a [right-flanking delimiter run] + or (b) part of a [right-flanking delimiter run] + preceded by a [Unicode punctuation character]. + +7. A double `**` [can close strong emphasis](@) + iff it is part of a [right-flanking delimiter run]. + +8. A double `__` [can close strong emphasis] iff + it is part of a [right-flanking delimiter run] + and either (a) not part of a [left-flanking delimiter run] + or (b) part of a [left-flanking delimiter run] + followed by a [Unicode punctuation character]. + +9. Emphasis begins with a delimiter that [can open emphasis] and ends + with a delimiter that [can close emphasis], and that uses the same + character (`_` or `*`) as the opening delimiter. The + opening and closing delimiters must belong to separate + [delimiter runs]. If one of the delimiters can both + open and close emphasis, then the sum of the lengths of the + delimiter runs containing the opening and closing delimiters + must not be a multiple of 3 unless both lengths are + multiples of 3. + +10. Strong emphasis begins with a delimiter that + [can open strong emphasis] and ends with a delimiter that + [can close strong emphasis], and that uses the same character + (`_` or `*`) as the opening delimiter. The + opening and closing delimiters must belong to separate + [delimiter runs]. If one of the delimiters can both open + and close strong emphasis, then the sum of the lengths of + the delimiter runs containing the opening and closing + delimiters must not be a multiple of 3 unless both lengths + are multiples of 3. + +11. A literal `*` character cannot occur at the beginning or end of + `*`-delimited emphasis or `**`-delimited strong emphasis, unless it + is backslash-escaped. + +12. A literal `_` character cannot occur at the beginning or end of + `_`-delimited emphasis or `__`-delimited strong emphasis, unless it + is backslash-escaped. + +Where rules 1--12 above are compatible with multiple parsings, +the following principles resolve ambiguity: + +13. The number of nestings should be minimized. Thus, for example, + an interpretation `<strong>...</strong>` is always preferred to + `<em><em>...</em></em>`. + +14. An interpretation `<em><strong>...</strong></em>` is always + preferred to `<strong><em>...</em></strong>`. + +15. When two potential emphasis or strong emphasis spans overlap, + so that the second begins before the first ends and ends after + the first ends, the first takes precedence. Thus, for example, + `*foo _bar* baz_` is parsed as `<em>foo _bar</em> baz_` rather + than `*foo <em>bar* baz</em>`. + +16. When there are two potential emphasis or strong emphasis spans + with the same closing delimiter, the shorter one (the one that + opens later) takes precedence. Thus, for example, + `**foo **bar baz**` is parsed as `**foo <strong>bar baz</strong>` + rather than `<strong>foo **bar baz</strong>`. + +17. Inline code spans, links, images, and HTML tags group more tightly + than emphasis. So, when there is a choice between an interpretation + that contains one of these elements and one that does not, the + former always wins. Thus, for example, `*[foo*](bar)` is + parsed as `*<a href="bar">foo*</a>` rather than as + `<em>[foo</em>](bar)`. + +These rules can be illustrated through a series of examples. + +Rule 1: + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo bar* +. +<p><em>foo bar</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not emphasis, because the opening `*` is followed by +whitespace, and hence not part of a [left-flanking delimiter run]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +a * foo bar* +. +<p>a * foo bar*</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not emphasis, because the opening `*` is preceded +by an alphanumeric and followed by punctuation, and hence +not part of a [left-flanking delimiter run]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +a*"foo"* +. +<p>a*"foo"*</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Unicode nonbreaking spaces count as whitespace, too: + +```````````````````````````````` example +* a * +. +<p>* a *</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Intraword emphasis with `*` is permitted: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo*bar* +. +<p>foo<em>bar</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +5*6*78 +. +<p>5<em>6</em>78</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Rule 2: + +```````````````````````````````` example +_foo bar_ +. +<p><em>foo bar</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not emphasis, because the opening `_` is followed by +whitespace: + +```````````````````````````````` example +_ foo bar_ +. +<p>_ foo bar_</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not emphasis, because the opening `_` is preceded +by an alphanumeric and followed by punctuation: + +```````````````````````````````` example +a_"foo"_ +. +<p>a_"foo"_</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Emphasis with `_` is not allowed inside words: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo_bar_ +. +<p>foo_bar_</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +5_6_78 +. +<p>5_6_78</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +пристаням_стремятся_ +. +<p>пристаням_стремятся_</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Here `_` does not generate emphasis, because the first delimiter run +is right-flanking and the second left-flanking: + +```````````````````````````````` example +aa_"bb"_cc +. +<p>aa_"bb"_cc</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is emphasis, even though the opening delimiter is +both left- and right-flanking, because it is preceded by +punctuation: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo-_(bar)_ +. +<p>foo-<em>(bar)</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Rule 3: + +This is not emphasis, because the closing delimiter does +not match the opening delimiter: + +```````````````````````````````` example +_foo* +. +<p>_foo*</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not emphasis, because the closing `*` is preceded by +whitespace: + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo bar * +. +<p>*foo bar *</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A line ending also counts as whitespace: + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo bar +* +. +<p>*foo bar +*</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not emphasis, because the second `*` is +preceded by punctuation and followed by an alphanumeric +(hence it is not part of a [right-flanking delimiter run]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +*(*foo) +. +<p>*(*foo)</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The point of this restriction is more easily appreciated +with this example: + +```````````````````````````````` example +*(*foo*)* +. +<p><em>(<em>foo</em>)</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Intraword emphasis with `*` is allowed: + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo*bar +. +<p><em>foo</em>bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +Rule 4: + +This is not emphasis, because the closing `_` is preceded by +whitespace: + +```````````````````````````````` example +_foo bar _ +. +<p>_foo bar _</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not emphasis, because the second `_` is +preceded by punctuation and followed by an alphanumeric: + +```````````````````````````````` example +_(_foo) +. +<p>_(_foo)</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is emphasis within emphasis: + +```````````````````````````````` example +_(_foo_)_ +. +<p><em>(<em>foo</em>)</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Intraword emphasis is disallowed for `_`: + +```````````````````````````````` example +_foo_bar +. +<p>_foo_bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +_пристаням_стремятся +. +<p>_пристаням_стремятся</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +_foo_bar_baz_ +. +<p><em>foo_bar_baz</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is emphasis, even though the closing delimiter is +both left- and right-flanking, because it is followed by +punctuation: + +```````````````````````````````` example +_(bar)_. +. +<p><em>(bar)</em>.</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Rule 5: + +```````````````````````````````` example +**foo bar** +. +<p><strong>foo bar</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not strong emphasis, because the opening delimiter is +followed by whitespace: + +```````````````````````````````` example +** foo bar** +. +<p>** foo bar**</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not strong emphasis, because the opening `**` is preceded +by an alphanumeric and followed by punctuation, and hence +not part of a [left-flanking delimiter run]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +a**"foo"** +. +<p>a**"foo"**</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Intraword strong emphasis with `**` is permitted: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo**bar** +. +<p>foo<strong>bar</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Rule 6: + +```````````````````````````````` example +__foo bar__ +. +<p><strong>foo bar</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not strong emphasis, because the opening delimiter is +followed by whitespace: + +```````````````````````````````` example +__ foo bar__ +. +<p>__ foo bar__</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A line ending counts as whitespace: +```````````````````````````````` example +__ +foo bar__ +. +<p>__ +foo bar__</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not strong emphasis, because the opening `__` is preceded +by an alphanumeric and followed by punctuation: + +```````````````````````````````` example +a__"foo"__ +. +<p>a__"foo"__</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Intraword strong emphasis is forbidden with `__`: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo__bar__ +. +<p>foo__bar__</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +5__6__78 +. +<p>5__6__78</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +пристаням__стремятся__ +. +<p>пристаням__стремятся__</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +__foo, __bar__, baz__ +. +<p><strong>foo, <strong>bar</strong>, baz</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is strong emphasis, even though the opening delimiter is +both left- and right-flanking, because it is preceded by +punctuation: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo-__(bar)__ +. +<p>foo-<strong>(bar)</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +Rule 7: + +This is not strong emphasis, because the closing delimiter is preceded +by whitespace: + +```````````````````````````````` example +**foo bar ** +. +<p>**foo bar **</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +(Nor can it be interpreted as an emphasized `*foo bar *`, because of +Rule 11.) + +This is not strong emphasis, because the second `**` is +preceded by punctuation and followed by an alphanumeric: + +```````````````````````````````` example +**(**foo) +. +<p>**(**foo)</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The point of this restriction is more easily appreciated +with these examples: + +```````````````````````````````` example +*(**foo**)* +. +<p><em>(<strong>foo</strong>)</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +**Gomphocarpus (*Gomphocarpus physocarpus*, syn. +*Asclepias physocarpa*)** +. +<p><strong>Gomphocarpus (<em>Gomphocarpus physocarpus</em>, syn. +<em>Asclepias physocarpa</em>)</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +**foo "*bar*" foo** +. +<p><strong>foo "<em>bar</em>" foo</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Intraword emphasis: + +```````````````````````````````` example +**foo**bar +. +<p><strong>foo</strong>bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Rule 8: + +This is not strong emphasis, because the closing delimiter is +preceded by whitespace: + +```````````````````````````````` example +__foo bar __ +. +<p>__foo bar __</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not strong emphasis, because the second `__` is +preceded by punctuation and followed by an alphanumeric: + +```````````````````````````````` example +__(__foo) +. +<p>__(__foo)</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The point of this restriction is more easily appreciated +with this example: + +```````````````````````````````` example +_(__foo__)_ +. +<p><em>(<strong>foo</strong>)</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Intraword strong emphasis is forbidden with `__`: + +```````````````````````````````` example +__foo__bar +. +<p>__foo__bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +__пристаням__стремятся +. +<p>__пристаням__стремятся</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +__foo__bar__baz__ +. +<p><strong>foo__bar__baz</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is strong emphasis, even though the closing delimiter is +both left- and right-flanking, because it is followed by +punctuation: + +```````````````````````````````` example +__(bar)__. +. +<p><strong>(bar)</strong>.</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Rule 9: + +Any nonempty sequence of inline elements can be the contents of an +emphasized span. + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo [bar](/url)* +. +<p><em>foo <a href="/url">bar</a></em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo +bar* +. +<p><em>foo +bar</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +In particular, emphasis and strong emphasis can be nested +inside emphasis: + +```````````````````````````````` example +_foo __bar__ baz_ +. +<p><em>foo <strong>bar</strong> baz</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +_foo _bar_ baz_ +. +<p><em>foo <em>bar</em> baz</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +__foo_ bar_ +. +<p><em><em>foo</em> bar</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo *bar** +. +<p><em>foo <em>bar</em></em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo **bar** baz* +. +<p><em>foo <strong>bar</strong> baz</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo**bar**baz* +. +<p><em>foo<strong>bar</strong>baz</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +Note that in the preceding case, the interpretation + +``` markdown +<p><em>foo</em><em>bar<em></em>baz</em></p> +``` + + +is precluded by the condition that a delimiter that +can both open and close (like the `*` after `foo`) +cannot form emphasis if the sum of the lengths of +the delimiter runs containing the opening and +closing delimiters is a multiple of 3 unless +both lengths are multiples of 3. + + +For the same reason, we don't get two consecutive +emphasis sections in this example: + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo**bar* +. +<p><em>foo**bar</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The same condition ensures that the following +cases are all strong emphasis nested inside +emphasis, even when the interior whitespace is +omitted: + + +```````````````````````````````` example +***foo** bar* +. +<p><em><strong>foo</strong> bar</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo **bar*** +. +<p><em>foo <strong>bar</strong></em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo**bar*** +. +<p><em>foo<strong>bar</strong></em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +When the lengths of the interior closing and opening +delimiter runs are *both* multiples of 3, though, +they can match to create emphasis: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo***bar***baz +. +<p>foo<em><strong>bar</strong></em>baz</p> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo******bar*********baz +. +<p>foo<strong><strong><strong>bar</strong></strong></strong>***baz</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Indefinite levels of nesting are possible: + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo **bar *baz* bim** bop* +. +<p><em>foo <strong>bar <em>baz</em> bim</strong> bop</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo [*bar*](/url)* +. +<p><em>foo <a href="/url"><em>bar</em></a></em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +There can be no empty emphasis or strong emphasis: + +```````````````````````````````` example +** is not an empty emphasis +. +<p>** is not an empty emphasis</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +**** is not an empty strong emphasis +. +<p>**** is not an empty strong emphasis</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +Rule 10: + +Any nonempty sequence of inline elements can be the contents of an +strongly emphasized span. + +```````````````````````````````` example +**foo [bar](/url)** +. +<p><strong>foo <a href="/url">bar</a></strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +**foo +bar** +. +<p><strong>foo +bar</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +In particular, emphasis and strong emphasis can be nested +inside strong emphasis: + +```````````````````````````````` example +__foo _bar_ baz__ +. +<p><strong>foo <em>bar</em> baz</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +__foo __bar__ baz__ +. +<p><strong>foo <strong>bar</strong> baz</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +____foo__ bar__ +. +<p><strong><strong>foo</strong> bar</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +**foo **bar**** +. +<p><strong>foo <strong>bar</strong></strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +**foo *bar* baz** +. +<p><strong>foo <em>bar</em> baz</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +**foo*bar*baz** +. +<p><strong>foo<em>bar</em>baz</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +***foo* bar** +. +<p><strong><em>foo</em> bar</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +**foo *bar*** +. +<p><strong>foo <em>bar</em></strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Indefinite levels of nesting are possible: + +```````````````````````````````` example +**foo *bar **baz** +bim* bop** +. +<p><strong>foo <em>bar <strong>baz</strong> +bim</em> bop</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +**foo [*bar*](/url)** +. +<p><strong>foo <a href="/url"><em>bar</em></a></strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +There can be no empty emphasis or strong emphasis: + +```````````````````````````````` example +__ is not an empty emphasis +. +<p>__ is not an empty emphasis</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +____ is not an empty strong emphasis +. +<p>____ is not an empty strong emphasis</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +Rule 11: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo *** +. +<p>foo ***</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo *\** +. +<p>foo <em>*</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo *_* +. +<p>foo <em>_</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo ***** +. +<p>foo *****</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo **\*** +. +<p>foo <strong>*</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo **_** +. +<p>foo <strong>_</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Note that when delimiters do not match evenly, Rule 11 determines +that the excess literal `*` characters will appear outside of the +emphasis, rather than inside it: + +```````````````````````````````` example +**foo* +. +<p>*<em>foo</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo** +. +<p><em>foo</em>*</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +***foo** +. +<p>*<strong>foo</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +****foo* +. +<p>***<em>foo</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +**foo*** +. +<p><strong>foo</strong>*</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo**** +. +<p><em>foo</em>***</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +Rule 12: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo ___ +. +<p>foo ___</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo _\__ +. +<p>foo <em>_</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo _*_ +. +<p>foo <em>*</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo _____ +. +<p>foo _____</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo __\___ +. +<p>foo <strong>_</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo __*__ +. +<p>foo <strong>*</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +__foo_ +. +<p>_<em>foo</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Note that when delimiters do not match evenly, Rule 12 determines +that the excess literal `_` characters will appear outside of the +emphasis, rather than inside it: + +```````````````````````````````` example +_foo__ +. +<p><em>foo</em>_</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +___foo__ +. +<p>_<strong>foo</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +____foo_ +. +<p>___<em>foo</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +__foo___ +. +<p><strong>foo</strong>_</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +_foo____ +. +<p><em>foo</em>___</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Rule 13 implies that if you want emphasis nested directly inside +emphasis, you must use different delimiters: + +```````````````````````````````` example +**foo** +. +<p><strong>foo</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +*_foo_* +. +<p><em><em>foo</em></em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +__foo__ +. +<p><strong>foo</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +_*foo*_ +. +<p><em><em>foo</em></em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +However, strong emphasis within strong emphasis is possible without +switching delimiters: + +```````````````````````````````` example +****foo**** +. +<p><strong><strong>foo</strong></strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +____foo____ +. +<p><strong><strong>foo</strong></strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +Rule 13 can be applied to arbitrarily long sequences of +delimiters: + +```````````````````````````````` example +******foo****** +. +<p><strong><strong><strong>foo</strong></strong></strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Rule 14: + +```````````````````````````````` example +***foo*** +. +<p><em><strong>foo</strong></em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +_____foo_____ +. +<p><em><strong><strong>foo</strong></strong></em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Rule 15: + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo _bar* baz_ +. +<p><em>foo _bar</em> baz_</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo __bar *baz bim__ bam* +. +<p><em>foo <strong>bar *baz bim</strong> bam</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Rule 16: + +```````````````````````````````` example +**foo **bar baz** +. +<p>**foo <strong>bar baz</strong></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo *bar baz* +. +<p>*foo <em>bar baz</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Rule 17: + +```````````````````````````````` example +*[bar*](/url) +. +<p>*<a href="/url">bar*</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +_foo [bar_](/url) +. +<p>_foo <a href="/url">bar_</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +*<img src="foo" title="*"/> +. +<p>*<img src="foo" title="*"/></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +**<a href="**"> +. +<p>**<a href="**"></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +__<a href="__"> +. +<p>__<a href="__"></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +*a `*`* +. +<p><em>a <code>*</code></em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +_a `_`_ +. +<p><em>a <code>_</code></em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +**a<http://foo.bar/?q=**> +. +<p>**a<a href="http://foo.bar/?q=**">http://foo.bar/?q=**</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +__a<http://foo.bar/?q=__> +. +<p>__a<a href="http://foo.bar/?q=__">http://foo.bar/?q=__</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +## Links + +A link contains [link text] (the visible text), a [link destination] +(the URI that is the link destination), and optionally a [link title]. +There are two basic kinds of links in Markdown. In [inline links] the +destination and title are given immediately after the link text. In +[reference links] the destination and title are defined elsewhere in +the document. + +A [link text](@) consists of a sequence of zero or more +inline elements enclosed by square brackets (`[` and `]`). The +following rules apply: + +- Links may not contain other links, at any level of nesting. If + multiple otherwise valid link definitions appear nested inside each + other, the inner-most definition is used. + +- Brackets are allowed in the [link text] only if (a) they + are backslash-escaped or (b) they appear as a matched pair of brackets, + with an open bracket `[`, a sequence of zero or more inlines, and + a close bracket `]`. + +- Backtick [code spans], [autolinks], and raw [HTML tags] bind more tightly + than the brackets in link text. Thus, for example, + `` [foo`]` `` could not be a link text, since the second `]` + is part of a code span. + +- The brackets in link text bind more tightly than markers for + [emphasis and strong emphasis]. Thus, for example, `*[foo*](url)` is a link. + +A [link destination](@) consists of either + +- a sequence of zero or more characters between an opening `<` and a + closing `>` that contains no line endings or unescaped + `<` or `>` characters, or + +- a nonempty sequence of characters that does not start with `<`, + does not include [ASCII control characters][ASCII control character] + or [space] character, and includes parentheses only if (a) they are + backslash-escaped or (b) they are part of a balanced pair of + unescaped parentheses. + (Implementations may impose limits on parentheses nesting to + avoid performance issues, but at least three levels of nesting + should be supported.) + +A [link title](@) consists of either + +- a sequence of zero or more characters between straight double-quote + characters (`"`), including a `"` character only if it is + backslash-escaped, or + +- a sequence of zero or more characters between straight single-quote + characters (`'`), including a `'` character only if it is + backslash-escaped, or + +- a sequence of zero or more characters between matching parentheses + (`(...)`), including a `(` or `)` character only if it is + backslash-escaped. + +Although [link titles] may span multiple lines, they may not contain +a [blank line]. + +An [inline link](@) consists of a [link text] followed immediately +by a left parenthesis `(`, an optional [link destination], an optional +[link title], and a right parenthesis `)`. +These four components may be separated by spaces, tabs, and up to one line +ending. +If both [link destination] and [link title] are present, they *must* be +separated by spaces, tabs, and up to one line ending. + +The link's text consists of the inlines contained +in the [link text] (excluding the enclosing square brackets). +The link's URI consists of the link destination, excluding enclosing +`<...>` if present, with backslash-escapes in effect as described +above. The link's title consists of the link title, excluding its +enclosing delimiters, with backslash-escapes in effect as described +above. + +Here is a simple inline link: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](/uri "title") +. +<p><a href="/uri" title="title">link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The title, the link text and even +the destination may be omitted: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](/uri) +. +<p><a href="/uri">link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +[](./target.md) +. +<p><a href="./target.md"></a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link]() +. +<p><a href="">link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](<>) +. +<p><a href="">link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[]() +. +<p><a href=""></a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +The destination can only contain spaces if it is +enclosed in pointy brackets: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](/my uri) +. +<p>[link](/my uri)</p> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](</my uri>) +. +<p><a href="/my%20uri">link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +The destination cannot contain line endings, +even if enclosed in pointy brackets: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](foo +bar) +. +<p>[link](foo +bar)</p> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](<foo +bar>) +. +<p>[link](<foo +bar>)</p> +```````````````````````````````` + +The destination can contain `)` if it is enclosed +in pointy brackets: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[a](<b)c>) +. +<p><a href="b)c">a</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +Pointy brackets that enclose links must be unescaped: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](<foo\>) +. +<p>[link](<foo>)</p> +```````````````````````````````` + +These are not links, because the opening pointy bracket +is not matched properly: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[a](<b)c +[a](<b)c> +[a](<b>c) +. +<p>[a](<b)c +[a](<b)c> +[a](<b>c)</p> +```````````````````````````````` + +Parentheses inside the link destination may be escaped: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](\(foo\)) +. +<p><a href="(foo)">link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +Any number of parentheses are allowed without escaping, as long as they are +balanced: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](foo(and(bar))) +. +<p><a href="foo(and(bar))">link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +However, if you have unbalanced parentheses, you need to escape or use the +`<...>` form: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](foo(and(bar)) +. +<p>[link](foo(and(bar))</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](foo\(and\(bar\)) +. +<p><a href="foo(and(bar)">link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](<foo(and(bar)>) +. +<p><a href="foo(and(bar)">link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Parentheses and other symbols can also be escaped, as usual +in Markdown: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](foo\)\:) +. +<p><a href="foo):">link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A link can contain fragment identifiers and queries: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](#fragment) + +[link](http://example.com#fragment) + +[link](http://example.com?foo=3#frag) +. +<p><a href="#fragment">link</a></p> +<p><a href="http://example.com#fragment">link</a></p> +<p><a href="http://example.com?foo=3#frag">link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Note that a backslash before a non-escapable character is +just a backslash: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](foo\bar) +. +<p><a href="foo%5Cbar">link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +URL-escaping should be left alone inside the destination, as all +URL-escaped characters are also valid URL characters. Entity and +numerical character references in the destination will be parsed +into the corresponding Unicode code points, as usual. These may +be optionally URL-escaped when written as HTML, but this spec +does not enforce any particular policy for rendering URLs in +HTML or other formats. Renderers may make different decisions +about how to escape or normalize URLs in the output. + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](foo%20bä) +. +<p><a href="foo%20b%C3%A4">link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Note that, because titles can often be parsed as destinations, +if you try to omit the destination and keep the title, you'll +get unexpected results: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link]("title") +. +<p><a href="%22title%22">link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Titles may be in single quotes, double quotes, or parentheses: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](/url "title") +[link](/url 'title') +[link](/url (title)) +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title">link</a> +<a href="/url" title="title">link</a> +<a href="/url" title="title">link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Backslash escapes and entity and numeric character references +may be used in titles: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](/url "title \""") +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title """>link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Titles must be separated from the link using spaces, tabs, and up to one line +ending. +Other [Unicode whitespace] like non-breaking space doesn't work. + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](/url "title") +. +<p><a href="/url%C2%A0%22title%22">link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Nested balanced quotes are not allowed without escaping: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](/url "title "and" title") +. +<p>[link](/url "title "and" title")</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +But it is easy to work around this by using a different quote type: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link](/url 'title "and" title') +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title "and" title">link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +(Note: `Markdown.pl` did allow double quotes inside a double-quoted +title, and its test suite included a test demonstrating this. +But it is hard to see a good rationale for the extra complexity this +brings, since there are already many ways---backslash escaping, +entity and numeric character references, or using a different +quote type for the enclosing title---to write titles containing +double quotes. `Markdown.pl`'s handling of titles has a number +of other strange features. For example, it allows single-quoted +titles in inline links, but not reference links. And, in +reference links but not inline links, it allows a title to begin +with `"` and end with `)`. `Markdown.pl` 1.0.1 even allows +titles with no closing quotation mark, though 1.0.2b8 does not. +It seems preferable to adopt a simple, rational rule that works +the same way in inline links and link reference definitions.) + +Spaces, tabs, and up to one line ending is allowed around the destination and +title: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link]( /uri + "title" ) +. +<p><a href="/uri" title="title">link</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +But it is not allowed between the link text and the +following parenthesis: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link] (/uri) +. +<p>[link] (/uri)</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The link text may contain balanced brackets, but not unbalanced ones, +unless they are escaped: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link [foo [bar]]](/uri) +. +<p><a href="/uri">link [foo [bar]]</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link] bar](/uri) +. +<p>[link] bar](/uri)</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link [bar](/uri) +. +<p>[link <a href="/uri">bar</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link \[bar](/uri) +. +<p><a href="/uri">link [bar</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The link text may contain inline content: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link *foo **bar** `#`*](/uri) +. +<p><a href="/uri">link <em>foo <strong>bar</strong> <code>#</code></em></a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[](/uri) +. +<p><a href="/uri"><img src="moon.jpg" alt="moon" /></a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +However, links may not contain other links, at any level of nesting. + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo [bar](/uri)](/uri) +. +<p>[foo <a href="/uri">bar</a>](/uri)</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo *[bar [baz](/uri)](/uri)*](/uri) +. +<p>[foo <em>[bar <a href="/uri">baz</a>](/uri)</em>](/uri)</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +](uri2)](uri3) +. +<p><img src="uri3" alt="[foo](uri2)" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +These cases illustrate the precedence of link text grouping over +emphasis grouping: + +```````````````````````````````` example +*[foo*](/uri) +. +<p>*<a href="/uri">foo*</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo *bar](baz*) +. +<p><a href="baz*">foo *bar</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Note that brackets that *aren't* part of links do not take +precedence: + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo [bar* baz] +. +<p><em>foo [bar</em> baz]</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +These cases illustrate the precedence of HTML tags, code spans, +and autolinks over link grouping: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo <bar attr="](baz)"> +. +<p>[foo <bar attr="](baz)"></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo`](/uri)` +. +<p>[foo<code>](/uri)</code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo<http://example.com/?search=](uri)> +. +<p>[foo<a href="http://example.com/?search=%5D(uri)">http://example.com/?search=](uri)</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +There are three kinds of [reference link](@)s: +[full](#full-reference-link), [collapsed](#collapsed-reference-link), +and [shortcut](#shortcut-reference-link). + +A [full reference link](@) +consists of a [link text] immediately followed by a [link label] +that [matches] a [link reference definition] elsewhere in the document. + +A [link label](@) begins with a left bracket (`[`) and ends +with the first right bracket (`]`) that is not backslash-escaped. +Between these brackets there must be at least one character that is not a space, +tab, or line ending. +Unescaped square bracket characters are not allowed inside the +opening and closing square brackets of [link labels]. A link +label can have at most 999 characters inside the square +brackets. + +One label [matches](@) +another just in case their normalized forms are equal. To normalize a +label, strip off the opening and closing brackets, +perform the *Unicode case fold*, strip leading and trailing +spaces, tabs, and line endings, and collapse consecutive internal +spaces, tabs, and line endings to a single space. If there are multiple +matching reference link definitions, the one that comes first in the +document is used. (It is desirable in such cases to emit a warning.) + +The link's URI and title are provided by the matching [link +reference definition]. + +Here is a simple example: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo][bar] + +[bar]: /url "title" +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The rules for the [link text] are the same as with +[inline links]. Thus: + +The link text may contain balanced brackets, but not unbalanced ones, +unless they are escaped: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link [foo [bar]]][ref] + +[ref]: /uri +. +<p><a href="/uri">link [foo [bar]]</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link \[bar][ref] + +[ref]: /uri +. +<p><a href="/uri">link [bar</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The link text may contain inline content: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[link *foo **bar** `#`*][ref] + +[ref]: /uri +. +<p><a href="/uri">link <em>foo <strong>bar</strong> <code>#</code></em></a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[][ref] + +[ref]: /uri +. +<p><a href="/uri"><img src="moon.jpg" alt="moon" /></a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +However, links may not contain other links, at any level of nesting. + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo [bar](/uri)][ref] + +[ref]: /uri +. +<p>[foo <a href="/uri">bar</a>]<a href="/uri">ref</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo *bar [baz][ref]*][ref] + +[ref]: /uri +. +<p>[foo <em>bar <a href="/uri">baz</a></em>]<a href="/uri">ref</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +(In the examples above, we have two [shortcut reference links] +instead of one [full reference link].) + +The following cases illustrate the precedence of link text grouping over +emphasis grouping: + +```````````````````````````````` example +*[foo*][ref] + +[ref]: /uri +. +<p>*<a href="/uri">foo*</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo *bar][ref]* + +[ref]: /uri +. +<p><a href="/uri">foo *bar</a>*</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +These cases illustrate the precedence of HTML tags, code spans, +and autolinks over link grouping: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo <bar attr="][ref]"> + +[ref]: /uri +. +<p>[foo <bar attr="][ref]"></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo`][ref]` + +[ref]: /uri +. +<p>[foo<code>][ref]</code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo<http://example.com/?search=][ref]> + +[ref]: /uri +. +<p>[foo<a href="http://example.com/?search=%5D%5Bref%5D">http://example.com/?search=][ref]</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Matching is case-insensitive: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo][BaR] + +[bar]: /url "title" +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Unicode case fold is used: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[ẞ] + +[SS]: /url +. +<p><a href="/url">ẞ</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Consecutive internal spaces, tabs, and line endings are treated as one space for +purposes of determining matching: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[Foo + bar]: /url + +[Baz][Foo bar] +. +<p><a href="/url">Baz</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +No spaces, tabs, or line endings are allowed between the [link text] and the +[link label]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo] [bar] + +[bar]: /url "title" +. +<p>[foo] <a href="/url" title="title">bar</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo] +[bar] + +[bar]: /url "title" +. +<p>[foo] +<a href="/url" title="title">bar</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +This is a departure from John Gruber's original Markdown syntax +description, which explicitly allows whitespace between the link +text and the link label. It brings reference links in line with +[inline links], which (according to both original Markdown and +this spec) cannot have whitespace after the link text. More +importantly, it prevents inadvertent capture of consecutive +[shortcut reference links]. If whitespace is allowed between the +link text and the link label, then in the following we will have +a single reference link, not two shortcut reference links, as +intended: + +``` markdown +[foo] +[bar] + +[foo]: /url1 +[bar]: /url2 +``` + +(Note that [shortcut reference links] were introduced by Gruber +himself in a beta version of `Markdown.pl`, but never included +in the official syntax description. Without shortcut reference +links, it is harmless to allow space between the link text and +link label; but once shortcut references are introduced, it is +too dangerous to allow this, as it frequently leads to +unintended results.) + +When there are multiple matching [link reference definitions], +the first is used: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo]: /url1 + +[foo]: /url2 + +[bar][foo] +. +<p><a href="/url1">bar</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Note that matching is performed on normalized strings, not parsed +inline content. So the following does not match, even though the +labels define equivalent inline content: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[bar][foo\!] + +[foo!]: /url +. +<p>[bar][foo!]</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +[Link labels] cannot contain brackets, unless they are +backslash-escaped: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo][ref[] + +[ref[]: /uri +. +<p>[foo][ref[]</p> +<p>[ref[]: /uri</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo][ref[bar]] + +[ref[bar]]: /uri +. +<p>[foo][ref[bar]]</p> +<p>[ref[bar]]: /uri</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[[[foo]]] + +[[[foo]]]: /url +. +<p>[[[foo]]]</p> +<p>[[[foo]]]: /url</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo][ref\[] + +[ref\[]: /uri +. +<p><a href="/uri">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Note that in this example `]` is not backslash-escaped: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[bar\\]: /uri + +[bar\\] +. +<p><a href="/uri">bar\</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A [link label] must contain at least one character that is not a space, tab, or +line ending: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[] + +[]: /uri +. +<p>[]</p> +<p>[]: /uri</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[ + ] + +[ + ]: /uri +. +<p>[ +]</p> +<p>[ +]: /uri</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A [collapsed reference link](@) +consists of a [link label] that [matches] a +[link reference definition] elsewhere in the +document, followed by the string `[]`. +The contents of the first link label are parsed as inlines, +which are used as the link's text. The link's URI and title are +provided by the matching reference link definition. Thus, +`[foo][]` is equivalent to `[foo][foo]`. + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo][] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[*foo* bar][] + +[*foo* bar]: /url "title" +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title"><em>foo</em> bar</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The link labels are case-insensitive: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[Foo][] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title">Foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +As with full reference links, spaces, tabs, or line endings are not +allowed between the two sets of brackets: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo] +[] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title">foo</a> +[]</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A [shortcut reference link](@) +consists of a [link label] that [matches] a +[link reference definition] elsewhere in the +document and is not followed by `[]` or a link label. +The contents of the first link label are parsed as inlines, +which are used as the link's text. The link's URI and title +are provided by the matching link reference definition. +Thus, `[foo]` is equivalent to `[foo][]`. + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[*foo* bar] + +[*foo* bar]: /url "title" +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title"><em>foo</em> bar</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[[*foo* bar]] + +[*foo* bar]: /url "title" +. +<p>[<a href="/url" title="title"><em>foo</em> bar</a>]</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[[bar [foo] + +[foo]: /url +. +<p>[[bar <a href="/url">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The link labels are case-insensitive: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[Foo] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title">Foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A space after the link text should be preserved: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo] bar + +[foo]: /url +. +<p><a href="/url">foo</a> bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +If you just want bracketed text, you can backslash-escape the +opening bracket to avoid links: + +```````````````````````````````` example +\[foo] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p>[foo]</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Note that this is a link, because a link label ends with the first +following closing bracket: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo*]: /url + +*[foo*] +. +<p>*<a href="/url">foo*</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Full and compact references take precedence over shortcut +references: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo][bar] + +[foo]: /url1 +[bar]: /url2 +. +<p><a href="/url2">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo][] + +[foo]: /url1 +. +<p><a href="/url1">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +Inline links also take precedence: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo]() + +[foo]: /url1 +. +<p><a href="">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo](not a link) + +[foo]: /url1 +. +<p><a href="/url1">foo</a>(not a link)</p> +```````````````````````````````` + +In the following case `[bar][baz]` is parsed as a reference, +`[foo]` as normal text: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo][bar][baz] + +[baz]: /url +. +<p>[foo]<a href="/url">bar</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Here, though, `[foo][bar]` is parsed as a reference, since +`[bar]` is defined: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo][bar][baz] + +[baz]: /url1 +[bar]: /url2 +. +<p><a href="/url2">foo</a><a href="/url1">baz</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Here `[foo]` is not parsed as a shortcut reference, because it +is followed by a link label (even though `[bar]` is not defined): + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo][bar][baz] + +[baz]: /url1 +[foo]: /url2 +. +<p>[foo]<a href="/url1">bar</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + + +## Images + +Syntax for images is like the syntax for links, with one +difference. Instead of [link text], we have an +[image description](@). The rules for this are the +same as for [link text], except that (a) an +image description starts with ` +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="foo" title="title" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +![foo *bar*] + +[foo *bar*]: train.jpg "train & tracks" +. +<p><img src="train.jpg" alt="foo bar" title="train & tracks" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +](/url2) +. +<p><img src="/url2" alt="foo bar" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +](/url2) +. +<p><img src="/url2" alt="foo bar" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Though this spec is concerned with parsing, not rendering, it is +recommended that in rendering to HTML, only the plain string content +of the [image description] be used. Note that in +the above example, the alt attribute's value is `foo bar`, not `foo +[bar](/url)` or `foo <a href="/url">bar</a>`. Only the plain string +content is rendered, without formatting. + +```````````````````````````````` example +![foo *bar*][] + +[foo *bar*]: train.jpg "train & tracks" +. +<p><img src="train.jpg" alt="foo bar" title="train & tracks" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +![foo *bar*][foobar] + +[FOOBAR]: train.jpg "train & tracks" +. +<p><img src="train.jpg" alt="foo bar" title="train & tracks" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + +. +<p><img src="train.jpg" alt="foo" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +My  +. +<p>My <img src="/path/to/train.jpg" alt="foo bar" title="title" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + +. +<p><img src="url" alt="foo" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Reference-style: + +```````````````````````````````` example +![foo][bar] + +[bar]: /url +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="foo" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +![foo][bar] + +[BAR]: /url +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="foo" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Collapsed: + +```````````````````````````````` example +![foo][] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="foo" title="title" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +![*foo* bar][] + +[*foo* bar]: /url "title" +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="foo bar" title="title" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The labels are case-insensitive: + +```````````````````````````````` example +![Foo][] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="Foo" title="title" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +As with reference links, spaces, tabs, and line endings, are not allowed +between the two sets of brackets: + +```````````````````````````````` example +![foo] +[] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="foo" title="title" /> +[]</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Shortcut: + +```````````````````````````````` example +![foo] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="foo" title="title" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +![*foo* bar] + +[*foo* bar]: /url "title" +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="foo bar" title="title" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Note that link labels cannot contain unescaped brackets: + +```````````````````````````````` example +![[foo]] + +[[foo]]: /url "title" +. +<p>![[foo]]</p> +<p>[[foo]]: /url "title"</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +The link labels are case-insensitive: + +```````````````````````````````` example +![Foo] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="Foo" title="title" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +If you just want a literal `!` followed by bracketed text, you can +backslash-escape the opening `[`: + +```````````````````````````````` example +!\[foo] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p>![foo]</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +If you want a link after a literal `!`, backslash-escape the +`!`: + +```````````````````````````````` example +\![foo] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p>!<a href="/url" title="title">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +## Autolinks + +[Autolink](@)s are absolute URIs and email addresses inside +`<` and `>`. They are parsed as links, with the URL or email address +as the link label. + +A [URI autolink](@) consists of `<`, followed by an +[absolute URI] followed by `>`. It is parsed as +a link to the URI, with the URI as the link's label. + +An [absolute URI](@), +for these purposes, consists of a [scheme] followed by a colon (`:`) +followed by zero or more characters other [ASCII control +characters][ASCII control character], [space], `<`, and `>`. +If the URI includes these characters, they must be percent-encoded +(e.g. `%20` for a space). + +For purposes of this spec, a [scheme](@) is any sequence +of 2--32 characters beginning with an ASCII letter and followed +by any combination of ASCII letters, digits, or the symbols plus +("+"), period ("."), or hyphen ("-"). + +Here are some valid autolinks: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<http://foo.bar.baz> +. +<p><a href="http://foo.bar.baz">http://foo.bar.baz</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<http://foo.bar.baz/test?q=hello&id=22&boolean> +. +<p><a href="http://foo.bar.baz/test?q=hello&id=22&boolean">http://foo.bar.baz/test?q=hello&id=22&boolean</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<irc://foo.bar:2233/baz> +. +<p><a href="irc://foo.bar:2233/baz">irc://foo.bar:2233/baz</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Uppercase is also fine: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<MAILTO:FOO@BAR.BAZ> +. +<p><a href="MAILTO:FOO@BAR.BAZ">MAILTO:FOO@BAR.BAZ</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Note that many strings that count as [absolute URIs] for +purposes of this spec are not valid URIs, because their +schemes are not registered or because of other problems +with their syntax: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<a+b+c:d> +. +<p><a href="a+b+c:d">a+b+c:d</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<made-up-scheme://foo,bar> +. +<p><a href="made-up-scheme://foo,bar">made-up-scheme://foo,bar</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<http://../> +. +<p><a href="http://../">http://../</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<localhost:5001/foo> +. +<p><a href="localhost:5001/foo">localhost:5001/foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Spaces are not allowed in autolinks: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<http://foo.bar/baz bim> +. +<p><http://foo.bar/baz bim></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Backslash-escapes do not work inside autolinks: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<http://example.com/\[\> +. +<p><a href="http://example.com/%5C%5B%5C">http://example.com/\[\</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +An [email autolink](@) +consists of `<`, followed by an [email address], +followed by `>`. The link's label is the email address, +and the URL is `mailto:` followed by the email address. + +An [email address](@), +for these purposes, is anything that matches +the [non-normative regex from the HTML5 +spec](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#e-mail-state-(type=email)): + + /^[a-zA-Z0-9.!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])? + (?:\.[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?)*$/ + +Examples of email autolinks: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<foo@bar.example.com> +. +<p><a href="mailto:foo@bar.example.com">foo@bar.example.com</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<foo+special@Bar.baz-bar0.com> +. +<p><a href="mailto:foo+special@Bar.baz-bar0.com">foo+special@Bar.baz-bar0.com</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Backslash-escapes do not work inside email autolinks: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<foo\+@bar.example.com> +. +<p><foo+@bar.example.com></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +These are not autolinks: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<> +. +<p><></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +< http://foo.bar > +. +<p>< http://foo.bar ></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<m:abc> +. +<p><m:abc></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<foo.bar.baz> +. +<p><foo.bar.baz></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +http://example.com +. +<p>http://example.com</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo@bar.example.com +. +<p>foo@bar.example.com</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +## Raw HTML + +Text between `<` and `>` that looks like an HTML tag is parsed as a +raw HTML tag and will be rendered in HTML without escaping. +Tag and attribute names are not limited to current HTML tags, +so custom tags (and even, say, DocBook tags) may be used. + +Here is the grammar for tags: + +A [tag name](@) consists of an ASCII letter +followed by zero or more ASCII letters, digits, or +hyphens (`-`). + +An [attribute](@) consists of spaces, tabs, and up to one line ending, +an [attribute name], and an optional +[attribute value specification]. + +An [attribute name](@) +consists of an ASCII letter, `_`, or `:`, followed by zero or more ASCII +letters, digits, `_`, `.`, `:`, or `-`. (Note: This is the XML +specification restricted to ASCII. HTML5 is laxer.) + +An [attribute value specification](@) +consists of optional spaces, tabs, and up to one line ending, +a `=` character, optional spaces, tabs, and up to one line ending, +and an [attribute value]. + +An [attribute value](@) +consists of an [unquoted attribute value], +a [single-quoted attribute value], or a [double-quoted attribute value]. + +An [unquoted attribute value](@) +is a nonempty string of characters not +including spaces, tabs, line endings, `"`, `'`, `=`, `<`, `>`, or `` ` ``. + +A [single-quoted attribute value](@) +consists of `'`, zero or more +characters not including `'`, and a final `'`. + +A [double-quoted attribute value](@) +consists of `"`, zero or more +characters not including `"`, and a final `"`. + +An [open tag](@) consists of a `<` character, a [tag name], +zero or more [attributes], optional spaces, tabs, and up to one line ending, +an optional `/` character, and a `>` character. + +A [closing tag](@) consists of the string `</`, a +[tag name], optional spaces, tabs, and up to one line ending, and the character +`>`. + +An [HTML comment](@) consists of `<!--` + *text* + `-->`, +where *text* does not start with `>` or `->`, does not end with `-`, +and does not contain `--`. (See the +[HTML5 spec](http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/syntax.html#comments).) + +A [processing instruction](@) +consists of the string `<?`, a string +of characters not including the string `?>`, and the string +`?>`. + +A [declaration](@) consists of the string `<!`, an ASCII letter, zero or more +characters not including the character `>`, and the character `>`. + +A [CDATA section](@) consists of +the string `<![CDATA[`, a string of characters not including the string +`]]>`, and the string `]]>`. + +An [HTML tag](@) consists of an [open tag], a [closing tag], +an [HTML comment], a [processing instruction], a [declaration], +or a [CDATA section]. + +Here are some simple open tags: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<a><bab><c2c> +. +<p><a><bab><c2c></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Empty elements: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<a/><b2/> +. +<p><a/><b2/></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Whitespace is allowed: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<a /><b2 +data="foo" > +. +<p><a /><b2 +data="foo" ></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +With attributes: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<a foo="bar" bam = 'baz <em>"</em>' +_boolean zoop:33=zoop:33 /> +. +<p><a foo="bar" bam = 'baz <em>"</em>' +_boolean zoop:33=zoop:33 /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Custom tag names can be used: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo <responsive-image src="foo.jpg" /> +. +<p>Foo <responsive-image src="foo.jpg" /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Illegal tag names, not parsed as HTML: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<33> <__> +. +<p><33> <__></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Illegal attribute names: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<a h*#ref="hi"> +. +<p><a h*#ref="hi"></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Illegal attribute values: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<a href="hi'> <a href=hi'> +. +<p><a href="hi'> <a href=hi'></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Illegal whitespace: + +```````````````````````````````` example +< a>< +foo><bar/ > +<foo bar=baz +bim!bop /> +. +<p>< a>< +foo><bar/ > +<foo bar=baz +bim!bop /></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Missing whitespace: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<a href='bar'title=title> +. +<p><a href='bar'title=title></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Closing tags: + +```````````````````````````````` example +</a></foo > +. +<p></a></foo ></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Illegal attributes in closing tag: + +```````````````````````````````` example +</a href="foo"> +. +<p></a href="foo"></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Comments: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo <!-- this is a +comment - with hyphen --> +. +<p>foo <!-- this is a +comment - with hyphen --></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo <!-- not a comment -- two hyphens --> +. +<p>foo <!-- not a comment -- two hyphens --></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Not comments: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo <!--> foo --> + +foo <!-- foo---> +. +<p>foo <!--> foo --></p> +<p>foo <!-- foo---></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Processing instructions: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo <?php echo $a; ?> +. +<p>foo <?php echo $a; ?></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Declarations: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo <!ELEMENT br EMPTY> +. +<p>foo <!ELEMENT br EMPTY></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +CDATA sections: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo <![CDATA[>&<]]> +. +<p>foo <![CDATA[>&<]]></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Entity and numeric character references are preserved in HTML +attributes: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo <a href="ö"> +. +<p>foo <a href="ö"></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Backslash escapes do not work in HTML attributes: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo <a href="\*"> +. +<p>foo <a href="\*"></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<a href="\""> +. +<p><a href="""></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +## Hard line breaks + +A line ending (not in a code span or HTML tag) that is preceded +by two or more spaces and does not occur at the end of a block +is parsed as a [hard line break](@) (rendered +in HTML as a `<br />` tag): + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo +baz +. +<p>foo<br /> +baz</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +For a more visible alternative, a backslash before the +[line ending] may be used instead of two or more spaces: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo\ +baz +. +<p>foo<br /> +baz</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +More than two spaces can be used: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo +baz +. +<p>foo<br /> +baz</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Leading spaces at the beginning of the next line are ignored: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo + bar +. +<p>foo<br /> +bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo\ + bar +. +<p>foo<br /> +bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Hard line breaks can occur inside emphasis, links, and other constructs +that allow inline content: + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo +bar* +. +<p><em>foo<br /> +bar</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo\ +bar* +. +<p><em>foo<br /> +bar</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Hard line breaks do not occur inside code spans + +```````````````````````````````` example +`code +span` +. +<p><code>code span</code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +`code\ +span` +. +<p><code>code\ span</code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +or HTML tags: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<a href="foo +bar"> +. +<p><a href="foo +bar"></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<a href="foo\ +bar"> +. +<p><a href="foo\ +bar"></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Hard line breaks are for separating inline content within a block. +Neither syntax for hard line breaks works at the end of a paragraph or +other block element: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo\ +. +<p>foo\</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo +. +<p>foo</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +### foo\ +. +<h3>foo\</h3> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +### foo +. +<h3>foo</h3> +```````````````````````````````` + + +## Soft line breaks + +A regular line ending (not in a code span or HTML tag) that is not +preceded by two or more spaces or a backslash is parsed as a +[softbreak](@). (A soft line break may be rendered in HTML either as a +[line ending] or as a space. The result will be the same in +browsers. In the examples here, a [line ending] will be used.) + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo +baz +. +<p>foo +baz</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Spaces at the end of the line and beginning of the next line are +removed: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo + baz +. +<p>foo +baz</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A conforming parser may render a soft line break in HTML either as a +line ending or as a space. + +A renderer may also provide an option to render soft line breaks +as hard line breaks. + +## Textual content + +Any characters not given an interpretation by the above rules will +be parsed as plain textual content. + +```````````````````````````````` example +hello $.;'there +. +<p>hello $.;'there</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo χρῆν +. +<p>Foo χρῆν</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Internal spaces are preserved verbatim: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Multiple spaces +. +<p>Multiple spaces</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +<!-- END TESTS --> + +# Appendix: A parsing strategy + +In this appendix we describe some features of the parsing strategy +used in the CommonMark reference implementations. + +## Overview + +Parsing has two phases: + +1. In the first phase, lines of input are consumed and the block +structure of the document---its division into paragraphs, block quotes, +list items, and so on---is constructed. Text is assigned to these +blocks but not parsed. Link reference definitions are parsed and a +map of links is constructed. + +2. In the second phase, the raw text contents of paragraphs and headings +are parsed into sequences of Markdown inline elements (strings, +code spans, links, emphasis, and so on), using the map of link +references constructed in phase 1. + +At each point in processing, the document is represented as a tree of +**blocks**. The root of the tree is a `document` block. The `document` +may have any number of other blocks as **children**. These children +may, in turn, have other blocks as children. The last child of a block +is normally considered **open**, meaning that subsequent lines of input +can alter its contents. (Blocks that are not open are **closed**.) +Here, for example, is a possible document tree, with the open blocks +marked by arrows: + +``` tree +-> document + -> block_quote + paragraph + "Lorem ipsum dolor\nsit amet." + -> list (type=bullet tight=true bullet_char=-) + list_item + paragraph + "Qui *quodsi iracundia*" + -> list_item + -> paragraph + "aliquando id" +``` + +## Phase 1: block structure + +Each line that is processed has an effect on this tree. The line is +analyzed and, depending on its contents, the document may be altered +in one or more of the following ways: + +1. One or more open blocks may be closed. +2. One or more new blocks may be created as children of the + last open block. +3. Text may be added to the last (deepest) open block remaining + on the tree. + +Once a line has been incorporated into the tree in this way, +it can be discarded, so input can be read in a stream. + +For each line, we follow this procedure: + +1. First we iterate through the open blocks, starting with the +root document, and descending through last children down to the last +open block. Each block imposes a condition that the line must satisfy +if the block is to remain open. For example, a block quote requires a +`>` character. A paragraph requires a non-blank line. +In this phase we may match all or just some of the open +blocks. But we cannot close unmatched blocks yet, because we may have a +[lazy continuation line]. + +2. Next, after consuming the continuation markers for existing +blocks, we look for new block starts (e.g. `>` for a block quote). +If we encounter a new block start, we close any blocks unmatched +in step 1 before creating the new block as a child of the last +matched container block. + +3. Finally, we look at the remainder of the line (after block +markers like `>`, list markers, and indentation have been consumed). +This is text that can be incorporated into the last open +block (a paragraph, code block, heading, or raw HTML). + +Setext headings are formed when we see a line of a paragraph +that is a [setext heading underline]. + +Reference link definitions are detected when a paragraph is closed; +the accumulated text lines are parsed to see if they begin with +one or more reference link definitions. Any remainder becomes a +normal paragraph. + +We can see how this works by considering how the tree above is +generated by four lines of Markdown: + +``` markdown +> Lorem ipsum dolor +sit amet. +> - Qui *quodsi iracundia* +> - aliquando id +``` + +At the outset, our document model is just + +``` tree +-> document +``` + +The first line of our text, + +``` markdown +> Lorem ipsum dolor +``` + +causes a `block_quote` block to be created as a child of our +open `document` block, and a `paragraph` block as a child of +the `block_quote`. Then the text is added to the last open +block, the `paragraph`: + +``` tree +-> document + -> block_quote + -> paragraph + "Lorem ipsum dolor" +``` + +The next line, + +``` markdown +sit amet. +``` + +is a "lazy continuation" of the open `paragraph`, so it gets added +to the paragraph's text: + +``` tree +-> document + -> block_quote + -> paragraph + "Lorem ipsum dolor\nsit amet." +``` + +The third line, + +``` markdown +> - Qui *quodsi iracundia* +``` + +causes the `paragraph` block to be closed, and a new `list` block +opened as a child of the `block_quote`. A `list_item` is also +added as a child of the `list`, and a `paragraph` as a child of +the `list_item`. The text is then added to the new `paragraph`: + +``` tree +-> document + -> block_quote + paragraph + "Lorem ipsum dolor\nsit amet." + -> list (type=bullet tight=true bullet_char=-) + -> list_item + -> paragraph + "Qui *quodsi iracundia*" +``` + +The fourth line, + +``` markdown +> - aliquando id +``` + +causes the `list_item` (and its child the `paragraph`) to be closed, +and a new `list_item` opened up as child of the `list`. A `paragraph` +is added as a child of the new `list_item`, to contain the text. +We thus obtain the final tree: + +``` tree +-> document + -> block_quote + paragraph + "Lorem ipsum dolor\nsit amet." + -> list (type=bullet tight=true bullet_char=-) + list_item + paragraph + "Qui *quodsi iracundia*" + -> list_item + -> paragraph + "aliquando id" +``` + +## Phase 2: inline structure + +Once all of the input has been parsed, all open blocks are closed. + +We then "walk the tree," visiting every node, and parse raw +string contents of paragraphs and headings as inlines. At this +point we have seen all the link reference definitions, so we can +resolve reference links as we go. + +``` tree +document + block_quote + paragraph + str "Lorem ipsum dolor" + softbreak + str "sit amet." + list (type=bullet tight=true bullet_char=-) + list_item + paragraph + str "Qui " + emph + str "quodsi iracundia" + list_item + paragraph + str "aliquando id" +``` + +Notice how the [line ending] in the first paragraph has +been parsed as a `softbreak`, and the asterisks in the first list item +have become an `emph`. + +### An algorithm for parsing nested emphasis and links + +By far the trickiest part of inline parsing is handling emphasis, +strong emphasis, links, and images. This is done using the following +algorithm. + +When we're parsing inlines and we hit either + +- a run of `*` or `_` characters, or +- a `[` or `. + +The [delimiter stack] is a doubly linked list. Each +element contains a pointer to a text node, plus information about + +- the type of delimiter (`[`, `![`, `*`, `_`) +- the number of delimiters, +- whether the delimiter is "active" (all are active to start), and +- whether the delimiter is a potential opener, a potential closer, + or both (which depends on what sort of characters precede + and follow the delimiters). + +When we hit a `]` character, we call the *look for link or image* +procedure (see below). + +When we hit the end of the input, we call the *process emphasis* +procedure (see below), with `stack_bottom` = NULL. + +#### *look for link or image* + +Starting at the top of the delimiter stack, we look backwards +through the stack for an opening `[` or `![` delimiter. + +- If we don't find one, we return a literal text node `]`. + +- If we do find one, but it's not *active*, we remove the inactive + delimiter from the stack, and return a literal text node `]`. + +- If we find one and it's active, then we parse ahead to see if + we have an inline link/image, reference link/image, compact reference + link/image, or shortcut reference link/image. + + + If we don't, then we remove the opening delimiter from the + delimiter stack and return a literal text node `]`. + + + If we do, then + + * We return a link or image node whose children are the inlines + after the text node pointed to by the opening delimiter. + + * We run *process emphasis* on these inlines, with the `[` opener + as `stack_bottom`. + + * We remove the opening delimiter. + + * If we have a link (and not an image), we also set all + `[` delimiters before the opening delimiter to *inactive*. (This + will prevent us from getting links within links.) + +#### *process emphasis* + +Parameter `stack_bottom` sets a lower bound to how far we +descend in the [delimiter stack]. If it is NULL, we can +go all the way to the bottom. Otherwise, we stop before +visiting `stack_bottom`. + +Let `current_position` point to the element on the [delimiter stack] +just above `stack_bottom` (or the first element if `stack_bottom` +is NULL). + +We keep track of the `openers_bottom` for each delimiter +type (`*`, `_`), indexed to the length of the closing delimiter run +(modulo 3) and to whether the closing delimiter can also be an +opener. Initialize this to `stack_bottom`. + +Then we repeat the following until we run out of potential +closers: + +- Move `current_position` forward in the delimiter stack (if needed) + until we find the first potential closer with delimiter `*` or `_`. + (This will be the potential closer closest + to the beginning of the input -- the first one in parse order.) + +- Now, look back in the stack (staying above `stack_bottom` and + the `openers_bottom` for this delimiter type) for the + first matching potential opener ("matching" means same delimiter). + +- If one is found: + + + Figure out whether we have emphasis or strong emphasis: + if both closer and opener spans have length >= 2, we have + strong, otherwise regular. + + + Insert an emph or strong emph node accordingly, after + the text node corresponding to the opener. + + + Remove any delimiters between the opener and closer from + the delimiter stack. + + + Remove 1 (for regular emph) or 2 (for strong emph) delimiters + from the opening and closing text nodes. If they become empty + as a result, remove them and remove the corresponding element + of the delimiter stack. If the closing node is removed, reset + `current_position` to the next element in the stack. + +- If none is found: + + + Set `openers_bottom` to the element before `current_position`. + (We know that there are no openers for this kind of closer up to and + including this point, so this puts a lower bound on future searches.) + + + If the closer at `current_position` is not a potential opener, + remove it from the delimiter stack (since we know it can't + be a closer either). + + + Advance `current_position` to the next element in the stack. + +After we're done, we remove all delimiters above `stack_bottom` from the +delimiter stack. diff --git a/tests/test_cmark_spec/spec.sh b/tests/test_cmark_spec/spec.sh new file mode 100755 index 0000000..c851390 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_cmark_spec/spec.sh @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env bash + +set -e + +REPO="https://github.com/commonmark/CommonMark.git" +VERSION="0.30" + +function main { + echo "Cloning from repo: $REPO..." + git clone --quiet $REPO + + echo "Using version $VERSION..." + cd "CommonMark" + git checkout --quiet $VERSION + + echo "Dumping tests file..." + python3 "test/spec_tests.py" --dump-tests > "../commonmark.json" + + echo "Cleaning up..." + cd .. + rm -rf CommonMark + + echo "Done." +} + +main diff --git a/tests/test_cmark_spec/test_spec.py b/tests/test_cmark_spec/test_spec.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..88d9fca --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_cmark_spec/test_spec.py @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +"""In this module tests are run against the full test set, +provided by https://github.com/commonmark/CommonMark.git. +""" +import json +from pathlib import Path + +import pytest + +from markdown_it import MarkdownIt + +SPEC_INPUT = Path(__file__).parent.joinpath("spec.md") +TESTS_INPUT = Path(__file__).parent.joinpath("commonmark.json") + + +def test_file(file_regression): + md = MarkdownIt("commonmark") + file_regression.check(md.render(SPEC_INPUT.read_text()), extension=".html") + + +@pytest.mark.parametrize("entry", json.loads(TESTS_INPUT.read_text())) +def test_spec(entry): + md = MarkdownIt("commonmark") + output = md.render(entry["markdown"]) + expected = entry["html"] + + if entry["example"] == 596: + # this doesn't have any bearing on the output + output = output.replace("mailto", "MAILTO") + if entry["example"] in [218, 239, 240]: + # this doesn't have any bearing on the output + output = output.replace( + "<blockquote></blockquote>", "<blockquote>\n</blockquote>" + ) + + assert output == expected diff --git a/tests/test_cmark_spec/test_spec/test_file.html b/tests/test_cmark_spec/test_spec/test_file.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1c2dc3c --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_cmark_spec/test_spec/test_file.html @@ -0,0 +1,7174 @@ +<hr /> +<p>title: CommonMark Spec +author: John MacFarlane +version: 0.30 +date: '2021-06-19' +license: '<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">CC-BY-SA 4.0</a>' +...</p> +<h1>Introduction</h1> +<h2>What is Markdown?</h2> +<p>Markdown is a plain text format for writing structured documents, +based on conventions for indicating formatting in email +and usenet posts. It was developed by John Gruber (with +help from Aaron Swartz) and released in 2004 in the form of a +<a href="http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax">syntax description</a> +and a Perl script (<code>Markdown.pl</code>) for converting Markdown to +HTML. In the next decade, dozens of implementations were +developed in many languages. Some extended the original +Markdown syntax with conventions for footnotes, tables, and +other document elements. Some allowed Markdown documents to be +rendered in formats other than HTML. Websites like Reddit, +StackOverflow, and GitHub had millions of people using Markdown. +And Markdown started to be used beyond the web, to author books, +articles, slide shows, letters, and lecture notes.</p> +<p>What distinguishes Markdown from many other lightweight markup +syntaxes, which are often easier to write, is its readability. +As Gruber writes:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>The overriding design goal for Markdown's formatting syntax is +to make it as readable as possible. The idea is that a +Markdown-formatted document should be publishable as-is, as +plain text, without looking like it's been marked up with tags +or formatting instructions. +(<a href="http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/">http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/</a>)</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The point can be illustrated by comparing a sample of +<a href="http://www.methods.co.nz/asciidoc/">AsciiDoc</a> with +an equivalent sample of Markdown. Here is a sample of +AsciiDoc from the AsciiDoc manual:</p> +<pre><code>1. List item one. ++ +List item one continued with a second paragraph followed by an +Indented block. ++ +................. +$ ls *.sh +$ mv *.sh ~/tmp +................. ++ +List item continued with a third paragraph. + +2. List item two continued with an open block. ++ +-- +This paragraph is part of the preceding list item. + +a. This list is nested and does not require explicit item +continuation. ++ +This paragraph is part of the preceding list item. + +b. List item b. + +This paragraph belongs to item two of the outer list. +-- +</code></pre> +<p>And here is the equivalent in Markdown:</p> +<pre><code>1. List item one. + + List item one continued with a second paragraph followed by an + Indented block. + + $ ls *.sh + $ mv *.sh ~/tmp + + List item continued with a third paragraph. + +2. List item two continued with an open block. + + This paragraph is part of the preceding list item. + + 1. This list is nested and does not require explicit item continuation. + + This paragraph is part of the preceding list item. + + 2. List item b. + + This paragraph belongs to item two of the outer list. +</code></pre> +<p>The AsciiDoc version is, arguably, easier to write. You don't need +to worry about indentation. But the Markdown version is much easier +to read. The nesting of list items is apparent to the eye in the +source, not just in the processed document.</p> +<h2>Why is a spec needed?</h2> +<p>John Gruber's <a href="http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax">canonical description of Markdown's +syntax</a> +does not specify the syntax unambiguously. Here are some examples of +questions it does not answer:</p> +<ol> +<li> +<p>How much indentation is needed for a sublist? The spec says that +continuation paragraphs need to be indented four spaces, but is +not fully explicit about sublists. It is natural to think that +they, too, must be indented four spaces, but <code>Markdown.pl</code> does +not require that. This is hardly a "corner case," and divergences +between implementations on this issue often lead to surprises for +users in real documents. (See <a href="http://article.gmane.org/gmane.text.markdown.general/1997">this comment by John +Gruber</a>.)</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>Is a blank line needed before a block quote or heading? +Most implementations do not require the blank line. However, +this can lead to unexpected results in hard-wrapped text, and +also to ambiguities in parsing (note that some implementations +put the heading inside the blockquote, while others do not). +(John Gruber has also spoken <a href="http://article.gmane.org/gmane.text.markdown.general/2146">in favor of requiring the blank +lines</a>.)</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>Is a blank line needed before an indented code block? +(<code>Markdown.pl</code> requires it, but this is not mentioned in the +documentation, and some implementations do not require it.)</p> +<pre><code class="language-markdown">paragraph + code? +</code></pre> +</li> +<li> +<p>What is the exact rule for determining when list items get +wrapped in <code><p></code> tags? Can a list be partially "loose" and partially +"tight"? What should we do with a list like this?</p> +<pre><code class="language-markdown">1. one + +2. two +3. three +</code></pre> +<p>Or this?</p> +<pre><code class="language-markdown">1. one + - a + + - b +2. two +</code></pre> +<p>(There are some relevant comments by John Gruber +<a href="http://article.gmane.org/gmane.text.markdown.general/2554">here</a>.)</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>Can list markers be indented? Can ordered list markers be right-aligned?</p> +<pre><code class="language-markdown"> 8. item 1 + 9. item 2 +10. item 2a +</code></pre> +</li> +<li> +<p>Is this one list with a thematic break in its second item, +or two lists separated by a thematic break?</p> +<pre><code class="language-markdown">* a +* * * * * +* b +</code></pre> +</li> +<li> +<p>When list markers change from numbers to bullets, do we have +two lists or one? (The Markdown syntax description suggests two, +but the perl scripts and many other implementations produce one.)</p> +<pre><code class="language-markdown">1. fee +2. fie +- foe +- fum +</code></pre> +</li> +<li> +<p>What are the precedence rules for the markers of inline structure? +For example, is the following a valid link, or does the code span +take precedence ?</p> +<pre><code class="language-markdown">[a backtick (`)](/url) and [another backtick (`)](/url). +</code></pre> +</li> +<li> +<p>What are the precedence rules for markers of emphasis and strong +emphasis? For example, how should the following be parsed?</p> +<pre><code class="language-markdown">*foo *bar* baz* +</code></pre> +</li> +<li> +<p>What are the precedence rules between block-level and inline-level +structure? For example, how should the following be parsed?</p> +<pre><code class="language-markdown">- `a long code span can contain a hyphen like this + - and it can screw things up` +</code></pre> +</li> +<li> +<p>Can list items include section headings? (<code>Markdown.pl</code> does not +allow this, but does allow blockquotes to include headings.)</p> +<pre><code class="language-markdown">- # Heading +</code></pre> +</li> +<li> +<p>Can list items be empty?</p> +<pre><code class="language-markdown">* a +* +* b +</code></pre> +</li> +<li> +<p>Can link references be defined inside block quotes or list items?</p> +<pre><code class="language-markdown">> Blockquote [foo]. +> +> [foo]: /url +</code></pre> +</li> +<li> +<p>If there are multiple definitions for the same reference, which takes +precedence?</p> +<pre><code class="language-markdown">[foo]: /url1 +[foo]: /url2 + +[foo][] +</code></pre> +</li> +</ol> +<p>In the absence of a spec, early implementers consulted <code>Markdown.pl</code> +to resolve these ambiguities. But <code>Markdown.pl</code> was quite buggy, and +gave manifestly bad results in many cases, so it was not a +satisfactory replacement for a spec.</p> +<p>Because there is no unambiguous spec, implementations have diverged +considerably. As a result, users are often surprised to find that +a document that renders one way on one system (say, a GitHub wiki) +renders differently on another (say, converting to docbook using +pandoc). To make matters worse, because nothing in Markdown counts +as a "syntax error," the divergence often isn't discovered right away.</p> +<h2>About this document</h2> +<p>This document attempts to specify Markdown syntax unambiguously. +It contains many examples with side-by-side Markdown and +HTML. These are intended to double as conformance tests. An +accompanying script <code>spec_tests.py</code> can be used to run the tests +against any Markdown program:</p> +<pre><code>python test/spec_tests.py --spec spec.txt --program PROGRAM +</code></pre> +<p>Since this document describes how Markdown is to be parsed into +an abstract syntax tree, it would have made sense to use an abstract +representation of the syntax tree instead of HTML. But HTML is capable +of representing the structural distinctions we need to make, and the +choice of HTML for the tests makes it possible to run the tests against +an implementation without writing an abstract syntax tree renderer.</p> +<p>Note that not every feature of the HTML samples is mandated by +the spec. For example, the spec says what counts as a link +destination, but it doesn't mandate that non-ASCII characters in +the URL be percent-encoded. To use the automatic tests, +implementers will need to provide a renderer that conforms to +the expectations of the spec examples (percent-encoding +non-ASCII characters in URLs). But a conforming implementation +can use a different renderer and may choose not to +percent-encode non-ASCII characters in URLs.</p> +<p>This document is generated from a text file, <code>spec.txt</code>, written +in Markdown with a small extension for the side-by-side tests. +The script <code>tools/makespec.py</code> can be used to convert <code>spec.txt</code> into +HTML or CommonMark (which can then be converted into other formats).</p> +<p>In the examples, the <code>→</code> character is used to represent tabs.</p> +<h1>Preliminaries</h1> +<h2>Characters and lines</h2> +<p>Any sequence of [characters] is a valid CommonMark +document.</p> +<p>A <a href="@">character</a> is a Unicode code point. Although some +code points (for example, combining accents) do not correspond to +characters in an intuitive sense, all code points count as characters +for purposes of this spec.</p> +<p>This spec does not specify an encoding; it thinks of lines as composed +of [characters] rather than bytes. A conforming parser may be limited +to a certain encoding.</p> +<p>A <a href="@">line</a> is a sequence of zero or more [characters] +other than line feed (<code>U+000A</code>) or carriage return (<code>U+000D</code>), +followed by a [line ending] or by the end of file.</p> +<p>A <a href="@">line ending</a> is a line feed (<code>U+000A</code>), a carriage return +(<code>U+000D</code>) not followed by a line feed, or a carriage return and a +following line feed.</p> +<p>A line containing no characters, or a line containing only spaces +(<code>U+0020</code>) or tabs (<code>U+0009</code>), is called a <a href="@">blank line</a>.</p> +<p>The following definitions of character classes will be used in this spec:</p> +<p>A <a href="@">Unicode whitespace character</a> is +any code point in the Unicode <code>Zs</code> general category, or a tab (<code>U+0009</code>), +line feed (<code>U+000A</code>), form feed (<code>U+000C</code>), or carriage return (<code>U+000D</code>).</p> +<p><a href="@">Unicode whitespace</a> is a sequence of one or more +[Unicode whitespace characters].</p> +<p>A <a href="@">tab</a> is <code>U+0009</code>.</p> +<p>A <a href="@">space</a> is <code>U+0020</code>.</p> +<p>An <a href="@">ASCII control character</a> is a character between <code>U+0000–1F</code> (both +including) or <code>U+007F</code>.</p> +<p>An <a href="@">ASCII punctuation character</a> +is <code>!</code>, <code>"</code>, <code>#</code>, <code>$</code>, <code>%</code>, <code>&</code>, <code>'</code>, <code>(</code>, <code>)</code>, +<code>*</code>, <code>+</code>, <code>,</code>, <code>-</code>, <code>.</code>, <code>/</code> (U+0021–2F), +<code>:</code>, <code>;</code>, <code><</code>, <code>=</code>, <code>></code>, <code>?</code>, <code>@</code> (U+003A–0040), +<code>[</code>, <code>\</code>, <code>]</code>, <code>^</code>, <code>_</code>, <code>`</code> (U+005B–0060), +<code>{</code>, <code>|</code>, <code>}</code>, or <code>~</code> (U+007B–007E).</p> +<p>A <a href="@">Unicode punctuation character</a> is an [ASCII +punctuation character] or anything in +the general Unicode categories <code>Pc</code>, <code>Pd</code>, <code>Pe</code>, <code>Pf</code>, <code>Pi</code>, <code>Po</code>, or <code>Ps</code>.</p> +<h2>Tabs</h2> +<p>Tabs in lines are not expanded to [spaces]. However, +in contexts where spaces help to define block structure, +tabs behave as if they were replaced by spaces with a tab stop +of 4 characters.</p> +<p>Thus, for example, a tab can be used instead of four spaces +in an indented code block. (Note, however, that internal +tabs are passed through as literal tabs, not expanded to +spaces.)</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">→foo→baz→→bim +. +<pre><code>foo→baz→→bim +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"> →foo→baz→→bim +. +<pre><code>foo→baz→→bim +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"> a→a + ὐ→a +. +<pre><code>a→a +ὐ→a +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<p>In the following example, a continuation paragraph of a list +item is indented with a tab; this has exactly the same effect +as indentation with four spaces would:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> - foo + +→bar +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<p>bar</p> +</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">- foo + +→→bar +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<pre><code> bar +</code></pre> +</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<p>Normally the <code>></code> that begins a block quote may be followed +optionally by a space, which is not considered part of the +content. In the following case <code>></code> is followed by a tab, +which is treated as if it were expanded into three spaces. +Since one of these spaces is considered part of the +delimiter, <code>foo</code> is considered to be indented six spaces +inside the block quote context, so we get an indented +code block starting with two spaces.</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">>→→foo +. +<blockquote> +<pre><code> foo +</code></pre> +</blockquote> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">-→→foo +. +<ul> +<li> +<pre><code> foo +</code></pre> +</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"> foo +→bar +. +<pre><code>foo +bar +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"> - foo + - bar +→ - baz +. +<ul> +<li>foo +<ul> +<li>bar +<ul> +<li>baz</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">#→Foo +. +<h1>Foo</h1> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">*→*→*→ +. +<hr /> +</code></pre> +<h2>Insecure characters</h2> +<p>For security reasons, the Unicode character <code>U+0000</code> must be replaced +with the REPLACEMENT CHARACTER (<code>U+FFFD</code>).</p> +<h2>Backslash escapes</h2> +<p>Any ASCII punctuation character may be backslash-escaped:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">\!\"\#\$\%\&\'\(\)\*\+\,\-\.\/\:\;\<\=\>\?\@\[\\\]\^\_\`\{\|\}\~ +. +<p>!&quot;#$%&amp;'()*+,-./:;&lt;=&gt;?@[\]^_`{|}~</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Backslashes before other characters are treated as literal +backslashes:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">\→\A\a\ \3\φ\« +. +<p>\→\A\a\ \3\φ\«</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Escaped characters are treated as regular characters and do +not have their usual Markdown meanings:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">\*not emphasized* +\<br/> not a tag +\[not a link](/foo) +\`not code` +1\. not a list +\* not a list +\# not a heading +\[foo]: /url "not a reference" +\&ouml; not a character entity +. +<p>*not emphasized* +&lt;br/&gt; not a tag +[not a link](/foo) +`not code` +1. not a list +* not a list +# not a heading +[foo]: /url &quot;not a reference&quot; +&amp;ouml; not a character entity</p> +</code></pre> +<p>If a backslash is itself escaped, the following character is not:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">\\*emphasis* +. +<p>\<em>emphasis</em></p> +</code></pre> +<p>A backslash at the end of the line is a [hard line break]:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo\ +bar +. +<p>foo<br /> +bar</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Backslash escapes do not work in code blocks, code spans, autolinks, or +raw HTML:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">`` \[\` `` +. +<p><code>\[\`</code></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"> \[\] +. +<pre><code>\[\] +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">~~~ +\[\] +~~~ +. +<pre><code>\[\] +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"><http://example.com?find=\*> +. +<p><a href="http://example.com?find=%5C*">http://example.com?find=\*</a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"><a href="/bar\/)"> +. +<a href="/bar\/)"> +</code></pre> +<p>But they work in all other contexts, including URLs and link titles, +link references, and [info strings] in [fenced code blocks]:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo](/bar\* "ti\*tle") +. +<p><a href="/bar*" title="ti*tle">foo</a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo] + +[foo]: /bar\* "ti\*tle" +. +<p><a href="/bar*" title="ti*tle">foo</a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">``` foo\+bar +foo +``` +. +<pre><code class="language-foo+bar">foo +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<h2>Entity and numeric character references</h2> +<p>Valid HTML entity references and numeric character references +can be used in place of the corresponding Unicode character, +with the following exceptions:</p> +<ul> +<li> +<p>Entity and character references are not recognized in code +blocks and code spans.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>Entity and character references cannot stand in place of +special characters that define structural elements in +CommonMark. For example, although <code>&#42;</code> can be used +in place of a literal <code>*</code> character, <code>&#42;</code> cannot replace +<code>*</code> in emphasis delimiters, bullet list markers, or thematic +breaks.</p> +</li> +</ul> +<p>Conforming CommonMark parsers need not store information about +whether a particular character was represented in the source +using a Unicode character or an entity reference.</p> +<p><a href="@">Entity references</a> consist of <code>&</code> + any of the valid +HTML5 entity names + <code>;</code>. The +document <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/entities.json">https://html.spec.whatwg.org/entities.json</a> +is used as an authoritative source for the valid entity +references and their corresponding code points.</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">&nbsp; &amp; &copy; &AElig; &Dcaron; +&frac34; &HilbertSpace; &DifferentialD; +&ClockwiseContourIntegral; &ngE; +. +<p> &amp; © Æ Ď +¾ ℋ ⅆ +∲ ≧̸</p> +</code></pre> +<p><a href="@">Decimal numeric character +references</a> +consist of <code>&#</code> + a string of 1--7 arabic digits + <code>;</code>. A +numeric character reference is parsed as the corresponding +Unicode character. Invalid Unicode code points will be replaced by +the REPLACEMENT CHARACTER (<code>U+FFFD</code>). For security reasons, +the code point <code>U+0000</code> will also be replaced by <code>U+FFFD</code>.</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">&#35; &#1234; &#992; &#0; +. +<p># Ӓ Ϡ �</p> +</code></pre> +<p><a href="@">Hexadecimal numeric character +references</a> consist of <code>&#</code> + +either <code>X</code> or <code>x</code> + a string of 1-6 hexadecimal digits + <code>;</code>. +They too are parsed as the corresponding Unicode character (this +time specified with a hexadecimal numeral instead of decimal).</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">&#X22; &#XD06; &#xcab; +. +<p>&quot; ആ ಫ</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Here are some nonentities:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">&nbsp &x; &#; &#x; +&#87654321; +&#abcdef0; +&ThisIsNotDefined; &hi?; +. +<p>&amp;nbsp &amp;x; &amp;#; &amp;#x; +&amp;#87654321; +&amp;#abcdef0; +&amp;ThisIsNotDefined; &amp;hi?;</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Although HTML5 does accept some entity references +without a trailing semicolon (such as <code>&copy</code>), these are not +recognized here, because it makes the grammar too ambiguous:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">&copy +. +<p>&amp;copy</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Strings that are not on the list of HTML5 named entities are not +recognized as entity references either:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">&MadeUpEntity; +. +<p>&amp;MadeUpEntity;</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Entity and numeric character references are recognized in any +context besides code spans or code blocks, including +URLs, [link titles], and [fenced code block][] [info strings]:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><a href="&ouml;&ouml;.html"> +. +<a href="&ouml;&ouml;.html"> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo](/f&ouml;&ouml; "f&ouml;&ouml;") +. +<p><a href="/f%C3%B6%C3%B6" title="föö">foo</a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo] + +[foo]: /f&ouml;&ouml; "f&ouml;&ouml;" +. +<p><a href="/f%C3%B6%C3%B6" title="föö">foo</a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">``` f&ouml;&ouml; +foo +``` +. +<pre><code class="language-föö">foo +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<p>Entity and numeric character references are treated as literal +text in code spans and code blocks:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">`f&ouml;&ouml;` +. +<p><code>f&amp;ouml;&amp;ouml;</code></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"> f&ouml;f&ouml; +. +<pre><code>f&amp;ouml;f&amp;ouml; +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<p>Entity and numeric character references cannot be used +in place of symbols indicating structure in CommonMark +documents.</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">&#42;foo&#42; +*foo* +. +<p>*foo* +<em>foo</em></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">&#42; foo + +* foo +. +<p>* foo</p> +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo&#10;&#10;bar +. +<p>foo + +bar</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">&#9;foo +. +<p>→foo</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[a](url &quot;tit&quot;) +. +<p>[a](url &quot;tit&quot;)</p> +</code></pre> +<h1>Blocks and inlines</h1> +<p>We can think of a document as a sequence of +<a href="@">blocks</a>---structural elements like paragraphs, block +quotations, lists, headings, rules, and code blocks. Some blocks (like +block quotes and list items) contain other blocks; others (like +headings and paragraphs) contain <a href="@">inline</a> content---text, +links, emphasized text, images, code spans, and so on.</p> +<h2>Precedence</h2> +<p>Indicators of block structure always take precedence over indicators +of inline structure. So, for example, the following is a list with +two items, not a list with one item containing a code span:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">- `one +- two` +. +<ul> +<li>`one</li> +<li>two`</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<p>This means that parsing can proceed in two steps: first, the block +structure of the document can be discerned; second, text lines inside +paragraphs, headings, and other block constructs can be parsed for inline +structure. The second step requires information about link reference +definitions that will be available only at the end of the first +step. Note that the first step requires processing lines in sequence, +but the second can be parallelized, since the inline parsing of +one block element does not affect the inline parsing of any other.</p> +<h2>Container blocks and leaf blocks</h2> +<p>We can divide blocks into two types: +<a href="#container-blocks">container blocks</a>, +which can contain other blocks, and <a href="#leaf-blocks">leaf blocks</a>, +which cannot.</p> +<h1>Leaf blocks</h1> +<p>This section describes the different kinds of leaf block that make up a +Markdown document.</p> +<h2>Thematic breaks</h2> +<p>A line consisting of optionally up to three spaces of indentation, followed by a +sequence of three or more matching <code>-</code>, <code>_</code>, or <code>*</code> characters, each followed +optionally by any number of spaces or tabs, forms a +<a href="@">thematic break</a>.</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">*** +--- +___ +. +<hr /> +<hr /> +<hr /> +</code></pre> +<p>Wrong characters:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">+++ +. +<p>+++</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">=== +. +<p>===</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Not enough characters:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">-- +** +__ +. +<p>-- +** +__</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Up to three spaces of indentation are allowed:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> *** + *** + *** +. +<hr /> +<hr /> +<hr /> +</code></pre> +<p>Four spaces of indentation is too many:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> *** +. +<pre><code>*** +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">Foo + *** +. +<p>Foo +***</p> +</code></pre> +<p>More than three characters may be used:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">_____________________________________ +. +<hr /> +</code></pre> +<p>Spaces and tabs are allowed between the characters:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> - - - +. +<hr /> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"> ** * ** * ** * ** +. +<hr /> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">- - - - +. +<hr /> +</code></pre> +<p>Spaces and tabs are allowed at the end:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">- - - - +. +<hr /> +</code></pre> +<p>However, no other characters may occur in the line:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">_ _ _ _ a + +a------ + +---a--- +. +<p>_ _ _ _ a</p> +<p>a------</p> +<p>---a---</p> +</code></pre> +<p>It is required that all of the characters other than spaces or tabs be the same. +So, this is not a thematic break:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> *-* +. +<p><em>-</em></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Thematic breaks do not need blank lines before or after:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">- foo +*** +- bar +. +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +</ul> +<hr /> +<ul> +<li>bar</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<p>Thematic breaks can interrupt a paragraph:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">Foo +*** +bar +. +<p>Foo</p> +<hr /> +<p>bar</p> +</code></pre> +<p>If a line of dashes that meets the above conditions for being a +thematic break could also be interpreted as the underline of a [setext +heading], the interpretation as a +[setext heading] takes precedence. Thus, for example, +this is a setext heading, not a paragraph followed by a thematic break:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">Foo +--- +bar +. +<h2>Foo</h2> +<p>bar</p> +</code></pre> +<p>When both a thematic break and a list item are possible +interpretations of a line, the thematic break takes precedence:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">* Foo +* * * +* Bar +. +<ul> +<li>Foo</li> +</ul> +<hr /> +<ul> +<li>Bar</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<p>If you want a thematic break in a list item, use a different bullet:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">- Foo +- * * * +. +<ul> +<li>Foo</li> +<li> +<hr /> +</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<h2>ATX headings</h2> +<p>An <a href="@">ATX heading</a> +consists of a string of characters, parsed as inline content, between an +opening sequence of 1--6 unescaped <code>#</code> characters and an optional +closing sequence of any number of unescaped <code>#</code> characters. +The opening sequence of <code>#</code> characters must be followed by spaces or tabs, or +by the end of line. The optional closing sequence of <code>#</code>s must be preceded by +spaces or tabs and may be followed by spaces or tabs only. The opening +<code>#</code> character may be preceded by up to three spaces of indentation. The raw +contents of the heading are stripped of leading and trailing space or tabs +before being parsed as inline content. The heading level is equal to the number +of <code>#</code> characters in the opening sequence.</p> +<p>Simple headings:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"># foo +## foo +### foo +#### foo +##### foo +###### foo +. +<h1>foo</h1> +<h2>foo</h2> +<h3>foo</h3> +<h4>foo</h4> +<h5>foo</h5> +<h6>foo</h6> +</code></pre> +<p>More than six <code>#</code> characters is not a heading:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">####### foo +. +<p>####### foo</p> +</code></pre> +<p>At least one space or tab is required between the <code>#</code> characters and the +heading's contents, unless the heading is empty. Note that many +implementations currently do not require the space. However, the +space was required by the +<a href="http://www.aaronsw.com/2002/atx/atx.py">original ATX implementation</a>, +and it helps prevent things like the following from being parsed as +headings:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">#5 bolt + +#hashtag +. +<p>#5 bolt</p> +<p>#hashtag</p> +</code></pre> +<p>This is not a heading, because the first <code>#</code> is escaped:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">\## foo +. +<p>## foo</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Contents are parsed as inlines:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"># foo *bar* \*baz\* +. +<h1>foo <em>bar</em> *baz*</h1> +</code></pre> +<p>Leading and trailing spaces or tabs are ignored in parsing inline content:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"># foo +. +<h1>foo</h1> +</code></pre> +<p>Up to three spaces of indentation are allowed:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> ### foo + ## foo + # foo +. +<h3>foo</h3> +<h2>foo</h2> +<h1>foo</h1> +</code></pre> +<p>Four spaces of indentation is too many:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> # foo +. +<pre><code># foo +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo + # bar +. +<p>foo +# bar</p> +</code></pre> +<p>A closing sequence of <code>#</code> characters is optional:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">## foo ## + ### bar ### +. +<h2>foo</h2> +<h3>bar</h3> +</code></pre> +<p>It need not be the same length as the opening sequence:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"># foo ################################## +##### foo ## +. +<h1>foo</h1> +<h5>foo</h5> +</code></pre> +<p>Spaces or tabs are allowed after the closing sequence:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">### foo ### +. +<h3>foo</h3> +</code></pre> +<p>A sequence of <code>#</code> characters with anything but spaces or tabs following it +is not a closing sequence, but counts as part of the contents of the +heading:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">### foo ### b +. +<h3>foo ### b</h3> +</code></pre> +<p>The closing sequence must be preceded by a space or tab:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"># foo# +. +<h1>foo#</h1> +</code></pre> +<p>Backslash-escaped <code>#</code> characters do not count as part +of the closing sequence:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">### foo \### +## foo #\## +# foo \# +. +<h3>foo ###</h3> +<h2>foo ###</h2> +<h1>foo #</h1> +</code></pre> +<p>ATX headings need not be separated from surrounding content by blank +lines, and they can interrupt paragraphs:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">**** +## foo +**** +. +<hr /> +<h2>foo</h2> +<hr /> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">Foo bar +# baz +Bar foo +. +<p>Foo bar</p> +<h1>baz</h1> +<p>Bar foo</p> +</code></pre> +<p>ATX headings can be empty:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">## +# +### ### +. +<h2></h2> +<h1></h1> +<h3></h3> +</code></pre> +<h2>Setext headings</h2> +<p>A <a href="@">setext heading</a> consists of one or more +lines of text, not interrupted by a blank line, of which the first line does not +have more than 3 spaces of indentation, followed by +a [setext heading underline]. The lines of text must be such +that, were they not followed by the setext heading underline, +they would be interpreted as a paragraph: they cannot be +interpretable as a [code fence], [ATX heading][ATX headings], +[block quote][block quotes], [thematic break][thematic breaks], +[list item][list items], or [HTML block][HTML blocks].</p> +<p>A <a href="@">setext heading underline</a> is a sequence of +<code>=</code> characters or a sequence of <code>-</code> characters, with no more than 3 +spaces of indentation and any number of trailing spaces or tabs. If a line +containing a single <code>-</code> can be interpreted as an +empty [list items], it should be interpreted this way +and not as a [setext heading underline].</p> +<p>The heading is a level 1 heading if <code>=</code> characters are used in +the [setext heading underline], and a level 2 heading if <code>-</code> +characters are used. The contents of the heading are the result +of parsing the preceding lines of text as CommonMark inline +content.</p> +<p>In general, a setext heading need not be preceded or followed by a +blank line. However, it cannot interrupt a paragraph, so when a +setext heading comes after a paragraph, a blank line is needed between +them.</p> +<p>Simple examples:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">Foo *bar* +========= + +Foo *bar* +--------- +. +<h1>Foo <em>bar</em></h1> +<h2>Foo <em>bar</em></h2> +</code></pre> +<p>The content of the header may span more than one line:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">Foo *bar +baz* +==== +. +<h1>Foo <em>bar +baz</em></h1> +</code></pre> +<p>The contents are the result of parsing the headings's raw +content as inlines. The heading's raw content is formed by +concatenating the lines and removing initial and final +spaces or tabs.</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> Foo *bar +baz*→ +==== +. +<h1>Foo <em>bar +baz</em></h1> +</code></pre> +<p>The underlining can be any length:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">Foo +------------------------- + +Foo += +. +<h2>Foo</h2> +<h1>Foo</h1> +</code></pre> +<p>The heading content can be preceded by up to three spaces of indentation, and +need not line up with the underlining:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> Foo +--- + + Foo +----- + + Foo + === +. +<h2>Foo</h2> +<h2>Foo</h2> +<h1>Foo</h1> +</code></pre> +<p>Four spaces of indentation is too many:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> Foo + --- + + Foo +--- +. +<pre><code>Foo +--- + +Foo +</code></pre> +<hr /> +</code></pre> +<p>The setext heading underline can be preceded by up to three spaces of +indentation, and may have trailing spaces or tabs:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">Foo + ---- +. +<h2>Foo</h2> +</code></pre> +<p>Four spaces of indentation is too many:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">Foo + --- +. +<p>Foo +---</p> +</code></pre> +<p>The setext heading underline cannot contain internal spaces or tabs:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">Foo += = + +Foo +--- - +. +<p>Foo += =</p> +<p>Foo</p> +<hr /> +</code></pre> +<p>Trailing spaces or tabs in the content line do not cause a hard line break:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">Foo +----- +. +<h2>Foo</h2> +</code></pre> +<p>Nor does a backslash at the end:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">Foo\ +---- +. +<h2>Foo\</h2> +</code></pre> +<p>Since indicators of block structure take precedence over +indicators of inline structure, the following are setext headings:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">`Foo +---- +` + +<a title="a lot +--- +of dashes"/> +. +<h2>`Foo</h2> +<p>`</p> +<h2>&lt;a title=&quot;a lot</h2> +<p>of dashes&quot;/&gt;</p> +</code></pre> +<p>The setext heading underline cannot be a [lazy continuation +line] in a list item or block quote:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">> Foo +--- +. +<blockquote> +<p>Foo</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">> foo +bar +=== +. +<blockquote> +<p>foo +bar +===</p> +</blockquote> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">- Foo +--- +. +<ul> +<li>Foo</li> +</ul> +<hr /> +</code></pre> +<p>A blank line is needed between a paragraph and a following +setext heading, since otherwise the paragraph becomes part +of the heading's content:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">Foo +Bar +--- +. +<h2>Foo +Bar</h2> +</code></pre> +<p>But in general a blank line is not required before or after +setext headings:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">--- +Foo +--- +Bar +--- +Baz +. +<hr /> +<h2>Foo</h2> +<h2>Bar</h2> +<p>Baz</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Setext headings cannot be empty:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> +==== +. +<p>====</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Setext heading text lines must not be interpretable as block +constructs other than paragraphs. So, the line of dashes +in these examples gets interpreted as a thematic break:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">--- +--- +. +<hr /> +<hr /> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">- foo +----- +. +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +</ul> +<hr /> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"> foo +--- +. +<pre><code>foo +</code></pre> +<hr /> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">> foo +----- +. +<blockquote> +<p>foo</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +</code></pre> +<p>If you want a heading with <code>> foo</code> as its literal text, you can +use backslash escapes:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">\> foo +------ +. +<h2>&gt; foo</h2> +</code></pre> +<p><strong>Compatibility note:</strong> Most existing Markdown implementations +do not allow the text of setext headings to span multiple lines. +But there is no consensus about how to interpret</p> +<pre><code class="language-markdown">Foo +bar +--- +baz +</code></pre> +<p>One can find four different interpretations:</p> +<ol> +<li>paragraph "Foo", heading "bar", paragraph "baz"</li> +<li>paragraph "Foo bar", thematic break, paragraph "baz"</li> +<li>paragraph "Foo bar --- baz"</li> +<li>heading "Foo bar", paragraph "baz"</li> +</ol> +<p>We find interpretation 4 most natural, and interpretation 4 +increases the expressive power of CommonMark, by allowing +multiline headings. Authors who want interpretation 1 can +put a blank line after the first paragraph:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">Foo + +bar +--- +baz +. +<p>Foo</p> +<h2>bar</h2> +<p>baz</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Authors who want interpretation 2 can put blank lines around +the thematic break,</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">Foo +bar + +--- + +baz +. +<p>Foo +bar</p> +<hr /> +<p>baz</p> +</code></pre> +<p>or use a thematic break that cannot count as a [setext heading +underline], such as</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">Foo +bar +* * * +baz +. +<p>Foo +bar</p> +<hr /> +<p>baz</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Authors who want interpretation 3 can use backslash escapes:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">Foo +bar +\--- +baz +. +<p>Foo +bar +--- +baz</p> +</code></pre> +<h2>Indented code blocks</h2> +<p>An <a href="@">indented code block</a> is composed of one or more +[indented chunks] separated by blank lines. +An <a href="@">indented chunk</a> is a sequence of non-blank lines, +each preceded by four or more spaces of indentation. The contents of the code +block are the literal contents of the lines, including trailing +[line endings], minus four spaces of indentation. +An indented code block has no [info string].</p> +<p>An indented code block cannot interrupt a paragraph, so there must be +a blank line between a paragraph and a following indented code block. +(A blank line is not needed, however, between a code block and a following +paragraph.)</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> a simple + indented code block +. +<pre><code>a simple + indented code block +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<p>If there is any ambiguity between an interpretation of indentation +as a code block and as indicating that material belongs to a [list +item][list items], the list item interpretation takes precedence:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> - foo + + bar +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<p>bar</p> +</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">1. foo + + - bar +. +<ol> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<ul> +<li>bar</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ol> +</code></pre> +<p>The contents of a code block are literal text, and do not get parsed +as Markdown:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> <a/> + *hi* + + - one +. +<pre><code>&lt;a/&gt; +*hi* + +- one +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<p>Here we have three chunks separated by blank lines:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> chunk1 + + chunk2 + + + + chunk3 +. +<pre><code>chunk1 + +chunk2 + + + +chunk3 +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<p>Any initial spaces or tabs beyond four spaces of indentation will be included in +the content, even in interior blank lines:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> chunk1 + + chunk2 +. +<pre><code>chunk1 + + chunk2 +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<p>An indented code block cannot interrupt a paragraph. (This +allows hanging indents and the like.)</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">Foo + bar + +. +<p>Foo +bar</p> +</code></pre> +<p>However, any non-blank line with fewer than four spaces of indentation ends +the code block immediately. So a paragraph may occur immediately +after indented code:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> foo +bar +. +<pre><code>foo +</code></pre> +<p>bar</p> +</code></pre> +<p>And indented code can occur immediately before and after other kinds of +blocks:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"># Heading + foo +Heading +------ + foo +---- +. +<h1>Heading</h1> +<pre><code>foo +</code></pre> +<h2>Heading</h2> +<pre><code>foo +</code></pre> +<hr /> +</code></pre> +<p>The first line can be preceded by more than four spaces of indentation:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> foo + bar +. +<pre><code> foo +bar +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<p>Blank lines preceding or following an indented code block +are not included in it:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> + + foo + + +. +<pre><code>foo +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<p>Trailing spaces or tabs are included in the code block's content:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> foo +. +<pre><code>foo +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<h2>Fenced code blocks</h2> +<p>A <a href="@">code fence</a> is a sequence +of at least three consecutive backtick characters (<code>`</code>) or +tildes (<code>~</code>). (Tildes and backticks cannot be mixed.) +A <a href="@">fenced code block</a> +begins with a code fence, preceded by up to three spaces of indentation.</p> +<p>The line with the opening code fence may optionally contain some text +following the code fence; this is trimmed of leading and trailing +spaces or tabs and called the <a href="@">info string</a>. If the [info string] comes +after a backtick fence, it may not contain any backtick +characters. (The reason for this restriction is that otherwise +some inline code would be incorrectly interpreted as the +beginning of a fenced code block.)</p> +<p>The content of the code block consists of all subsequent lines, until +a closing [code fence] of the same type as the code block +began with (backticks or tildes), and with at least as many backticks +or tildes as the opening code fence. If the leading code fence is +preceded by N spaces of indentation, then up to N spaces of indentation are +removed from each line of the content (if present). (If a content line is not +indented, it is preserved unchanged. If it is indented N spaces or less, all +of the indentation is removed.)</p> +<p>The closing code fence may be preceded by up to three spaces of indentation, and +may be followed only by spaces or tabs, which are ignored. If the end of the +containing block (or document) is reached and no closing code fence +has been found, the code block contains all of the lines after the +opening code fence until the end of the containing block (or +document). (An alternative spec would require backtracking in the +event that a closing code fence is not found. But this makes parsing +much less efficient, and there seems to be no real down side to the +behavior described here.)</p> +<p>A fenced code block may interrupt a paragraph, and does not require +a blank line either before or after.</p> +<p>The content of a code fence is treated as literal text, not parsed +as inlines. The first word of the [info string] is typically used to +specify the language of the code sample, and rendered in the <code>class</code> +attribute of the <code>code</code> tag. However, this spec does not mandate any +particular treatment of the [info string].</p> +<p>Here is a simple example with backticks:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">``` +< + > +``` +. +<pre><code>&lt; + &gt; +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<p>With tildes:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">~~~ +< + > +~~~ +. +<pre><code>&lt; + &gt; +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<p>Fewer than three backticks is not enough:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">`` +foo +`` +. +<p><code>foo</code></p> +</code></pre> +<p>The closing code fence must use the same character as the opening +fence:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">``` +aaa +~~~ +``` +. +<pre><code>aaa +~~~ +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">~~~ +aaa +``` +~~~ +. +<pre><code>aaa +``` +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<p>The closing code fence must be at least as long as the opening fence:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">```` +aaa +``` +`````` +. +<pre><code>aaa +``` +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">~~~~ +aaa +~~~ +~~~~ +. +<pre><code>aaa +~~~ +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<p>Unclosed code blocks are closed by the end of the document +(or the enclosing [block quote][block quotes] or [list item][list items]):</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">``` +. +<pre><code></code></pre> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">````` + +``` +aaa +. +<pre><code> +``` +aaa +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">> ``` +> aaa + +bbb +. +<blockquote> +<pre><code>aaa +</code></pre> +</blockquote> +<p>bbb</p> +</code></pre> +<p>A code block can have all empty lines as its content:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">``` + + +``` +. +<pre><code> + +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<p>A code block can be empty:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">``` +``` +. +<pre><code></code></pre> +</code></pre> +<p>Fences can be indented. If the opening fence is indented, +content lines will have equivalent opening indentation removed, +if present:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> ``` + aaa +aaa +``` +. +<pre><code>aaa +aaa +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"> ``` +aaa + aaa +aaa + ``` +. +<pre><code>aaa +aaa +aaa +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"> ``` + aaa + aaa + aaa + ``` +. +<pre><code>aaa + aaa +aaa +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<p>Four spaces of indentation is too many:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> ``` + aaa + ``` +. +<pre><code>``` +aaa +``` +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<p>Closing fences may be preceded by up to three spaces of indentation, and their +indentation need not match that of the opening fence:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">``` +aaa + ``` +. +<pre><code>aaa +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"> ``` +aaa + ``` +. +<pre><code>aaa +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<p>This is not a closing fence, because it is indented 4 spaces:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">``` +aaa + ``` +. +<pre><code>aaa + ``` +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<p>Code fences (opening and closing) cannot contain internal spaces or tabs:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">``` ``` +aaa +. +<p><code> </code> +aaa</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">~~~~~~ +aaa +~~~ ~~ +. +<pre><code>aaa +~~~ ~~ +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<p>Fenced code blocks can interrupt paragraphs, and can be followed +directly by paragraphs, without a blank line between:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo +``` +bar +``` +baz +. +<p>foo</p> +<pre><code>bar +</code></pre> +<p>baz</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Other blocks can also occur before and after fenced code blocks +without an intervening blank line:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo +--- +~~~ +bar +~~~ +# baz +. +<h2>foo</h2> +<pre><code>bar +</code></pre> +<h1>baz</h1> +</code></pre> +<p>An [info string] can be provided after the opening code fence. +Although this spec doesn't mandate any particular treatment of +the info string, the first word is typically used to specify +the language of the code block. In HTML output, the language is +normally indicated by adding a class to the <code>code</code> element consisting +of <code>language-</code> followed by the language name.</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">```ruby +def foo(x) + return 3 +end +``` +. +<pre><code class="language-ruby">def foo(x) + return 3 +end +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">~~~~ ruby startline=3 $%@#$ +def foo(x) + return 3 +end +~~~~~~~ +. +<pre><code class="language-ruby">def foo(x) + return 3 +end +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">````; +```` +. +<pre><code class="language-;"></code></pre> +</code></pre> +<p>[Info strings] for backtick code blocks cannot contain backticks:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">``` aa ``` +foo +. +<p><code>aa</code> +foo</p> +</code></pre> +<p>[Info strings] for tilde code blocks can contain backticks and tildes:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">~~~ aa ``` ~~~ +foo +~~~ +. +<pre><code class="language-aa">foo +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<p>Closing code fences cannot have [info strings]:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">``` +``` aaa +``` +. +<pre><code>``` aaa +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<h2>HTML blocks</h2> +<p>An <a href="@">HTML block</a> is a group of lines that is treated +as raw HTML (and will not be escaped in HTML output).</p> +<p>There are seven kinds of [HTML block], which can be defined by their +start and end conditions. The block begins with a line that meets a +<a href="@">start condition</a> (after up to three optional spaces of indentation). +It ends with the first subsequent line that meets a matching +<a href="@">end condition</a>, or the last line of the document, or the last line of +the <a href="#container-blocks">container block</a> containing the current HTML +block, if no line is encountered that meets the [end condition]. If +the first line meets both the [start condition] and the [end +condition], the block will contain just that line.</p> +<ol> +<li> +<p><strong>Start condition:</strong> line begins with the string <code><pre</code>, +<code><script</code>, <code><style</code>, or <code><textarea</code> (case-insensitive), followed by a space, +a tab, the string <code>></code>, or the end of the line.<br /> +<strong>End condition:</strong> line contains an end tag +<code></pre></code>, <code></script></code>, <code></style></code>, or <code></textarea></code> (case-insensitive; it +need not match the start tag).</p> +</li> +<li> +<p><strong>Start condition:</strong> line begins with the string <code><!--</code>.<br /> +<strong>End condition:</strong> line contains the string <code>--></code>.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p><strong>Start condition:</strong> line begins with the string <code><?</code>.<br /> +<strong>End condition:</strong> line contains the string <code>?></code>.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p><strong>Start condition:</strong> line begins with the string <code><!</code> +followed by an ASCII letter.<br /> +<strong>End condition:</strong> line contains the character <code>></code>.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p><strong>Start condition:</strong> line begins with the string +<code><![CDATA[</code>.<br /> +<strong>End condition:</strong> line contains the string <code>]]></code>.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p><strong>Start condition:</strong> line begins the string <code><</code> or <code></</code> +followed by one of the strings (case-insensitive) <code>address</code>, +<code>article</code>, <code>aside</code>, <code>base</code>, <code>basefont</code>, <code>blockquote</code>, <code>body</code>, +<code>caption</code>, <code>center</code>, <code>col</code>, <code>colgroup</code>, <code>dd</code>, <code>details</code>, <code>dialog</code>, +<code>dir</code>, <code>div</code>, <code>dl</code>, <code>dt</code>, <code>fieldset</code>, <code>figcaption</code>, <code>figure</code>, +<code>footer</code>, <code>form</code>, <code>frame</code>, <code>frameset</code>, +<code>h1</code>, <code>h2</code>, <code>h3</code>, <code>h4</code>, <code>h5</code>, <code>h6</code>, <code>head</code>, <code>header</code>, <code>hr</code>, +<code>html</code>, <code>iframe</code>, <code>legend</code>, <code>li</code>, <code>link</code>, <code>main</code>, <code>menu</code>, <code>menuitem</code>, +<code>nav</code>, <code>noframes</code>, <code>ol</code>, <code>optgroup</code>, <code>option</code>, <code>p</code>, <code>param</code>, +<code>section</code>, <code>source</code>, <code>summary</code>, <code>table</code>, <code>tbody</code>, <code>td</code>, +<code>tfoot</code>, <code>th</code>, <code>thead</code>, <code>title</code>, <code>tr</code>, <code>track</code>, <code>ul</code>, followed +by a space, a tab, the end of the line, the string <code>></code>, or +the string <code>/></code>.<br /> +<strong>End condition:</strong> line is followed by a [blank line].</p> +</li> +<li> +<p><strong>Start condition:</strong> line begins with a complete [open tag] +(with any [tag name] other than <code>pre</code>, <code>script</code>, +<code>style</code>, or <code>textarea</code>) or a complete [closing tag], +followed by zero or more spaces and tabs, followed by the end of the line.<br /> +<strong>End condition:</strong> line is followed by a [blank line].</p> +</li> +</ol> +<p>HTML blocks continue until they are closed by their appropriate +[end condition], or the last line of the document or other <a href="#container-blocks">container +block</a>. This means any HTML <strong>within an HTML +block</strong> that might otherwise be recognised as a start condition will +be ignored by the parser and passed through as-is, without changing +the parser's state.</p> +<p>For instance, <code><pre></code> within an HTML block started by <code><table></code> will not affect +the parser state; as the HTML block was started in by start condition 6, it +will end at any blank line. This can be surprising:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><table><tr><td> +<pre> +**Hello**, + +_world_. +</pre> +</td></tr></table> +. +<table><tr><td> +<pre> +**Hello**, +<p><em>world</em>. +</pre></p> +</td></tr></table> +</code></pre> +<p>In this case, the HTML block is terminated by the blank line — the <code>**Hello**</code> +text remains verbatim — and regular parsing resumes, with a paragraph, +emphasised <code>world</code> and inline and block HTML following.</p> +<p>All types of [HTML blocks] except type 7 may interrupt +a paragraph. Blocks of type 7 may not interrupt a paragraph. +(This restriction is intended to prevent unwanted interpretation +of long tags inside a wrapped paragraph as starting HTML blocks.)</p> +<p>Some simple examples follow. Here are some basic HTML blocks +of type 6:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><table> + <tr> + <td> + hi + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +okay. +. +<table> + <tr> + <td> + hi + </td> + </tr> +</table> +<p>okay.</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"> <div> + *hello* + <foo><a> +. + <div> + *hello* + <foo><a> +</code></pre> +<p>A block can also start with a closing tag:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"></div> +*foo* +. +</div> +*foo* +</code></pre> +<p>Here we have two HTML blocks with a Markdown paragraph between them:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><DIV CLASS="foo"> + +*Markdown* + +</DIV> +. +<DIV CLASS="foo"> +<p><em>Markdown</em></p> +</DIV> +</code></pre> +<p>The tag on the first line can be partial, as long +as it is split where there would be whitespace:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><div id="foo" + class="bar"> +</div> +. +<div id="foo" + class="bar"> +</div> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"><div id="foo" class="bar + baz"> +</div> +. +<div id="foo" class="bar + baz"> +</div> +</code></pre> +<p>An open tag need not be closed:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><div> +*foo* + +*bar* +. +<div> +*foo* +<p><em>bar</em></p> +</code></pre> +<p>A partial tag need not even be completed (garbage +in, garbage out):</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><div id="foo" +*hi* +. +<div id="foo" +*hi* +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"><div class +foo +. +<div class +foo +</code></pre> +<p>The initial tag doesn't even need to be a valid +tag, as long as it starts like one:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><div *???-&&&-<--- +*foo* +. +<div *???-&&&-<--- +*foo* +</code></pre> +<p>In type 6 blocks, the initial tag need not be on a line by +itself:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><div><a href="bar">*foo*</a></div> +. +<div><a href="bar">*foo*</a></div> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"><table><tr><td> +foo +</td></tr></table> +. +<table><tr><td> +foo +</td></tr></table> +</code></pre> +<p>Everything until the next blank line or end of document +gets included in the HTML block. So, in the following +example, what looks like a Markdown code block +is actually part of the HTML block, which continues until a blank +line or the end of the document is reached:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><div></div> +``` c +int x = 33; +``` +. +<div></div> +``` c +int x = 33; +``` +</code></pre> +<p>To start an [HTML block] with a tag that is <em>not</em> in the +list of block-level tags in (6), you must put the tag by +itself on the first line (and it must be complete):</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><a href="foo"> +*bar* +</a> +. +<a href="foo"> +*bar* +</a> +</code></pre> +<p>In type 7 blocks, the [tag name] can be anything:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><Warning> +*bar* +</Warning> +. +<Warning> +*bar* +</Warning> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"><i class="foo"> +*bar* +</i> +. +<i class="foo"> +*bar* +</i> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"></ins> +*bar* +. +</ins> +*bar* +</code></pre> +<p>These rules are designed to allow us to work with tags that +can function as either block-level or inline-level tags. +The <code><del></code> tag is a nice example. We can surround content with +<code><del></code> tags in three different ways. In this case, we get a raw +HTML block, because the <code><del></code> tag is on a line by itself:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><del> +*foo* +</del> +. +<del> +*foo* +</del> +</code></pre> +<p>In this case, we get a raw HTML block that just includes +the <code><del></code> tag (because it ends with the following blank +line). So the contents get interpreted as CommonMark:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><del> + +*foo* + +</del> +. +<del> +<p><em>foo</em></p> +</del> +</code></pre> +<p>Finally, in this case, the <code><del></code> tags are interpreted +as [raw HTML] <em>inside</em> the CommonMark paragraph. (Because +the tag is not on a line by itself, we get inline HTML +rather than an [HTML block].)</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><del>*foo*</del> +. +<p><del><em>foo</em></del></p> +</code></pre> +<p>HTML tags designed to contain literal content +(<code>pre</code>, <code>script</code>, <code>style</code>, <code>textarea</code>), comments, processing instructions, +and declarations are treated somewhat differently. +Instead of ending at the first blank line, these blocks +end at the first line containing a corresponding end tag. +As a result, these blocks can contain blank lines:</p> +<p>A pre tag (type 1):</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><pre language="haskell"><code> +import Text.HTML.TagSoup + +main :: IO () +main = print $ parseTags tags +</code></pre> +okay +. +<pre language="haskell"><code> +import Text.HTML.TagSoup + +main :: IO () +main = print $ parseTags tags +</code></pre> +<p>okay</p> +</code></pre> +<p>A script tag (type 1):</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><script type="text/javascript"> +// JavaScript example + +document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "Hello JavaScript!"; +</script> +okay +. +<script type="text/javascript"> +// JavaScript example + +document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "Hello JavaScript!"; +</script> +<p>okay</p> +</code></pre> +<p>A textarea tag (type 1):</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><textarea> + +*foo* + +_bar_ + +</textarea> +. +<textarea> + +*foo* + +_bar_ + +</textarea> +</code></pre> +<p>A style tag (type 1):</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><style + type="text/css"> +h1 {color:red;} + +p {color:blue;} +</style> +okay +. +<style + type="text/css"> +h1 {color:red;} + +p {color:blue;} +</style> +<p>okay</p> +</code></pre> +<p>If there is no matching end tag, the block will end at the +end of the document (or the enclosing [block quote][block quotes] +or [list item][list items]):</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><style + type="text/css"> + +foo +. +<style + type="text/css"> + +foo +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">> <div> +> foo + +bar +. +<blockquote> +<div> +foo +</blockquote> +<p>bar</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">- <div> +- foo +. +<ul> +<li> +<div> +</li> +<li>foo</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<p>The end tag can occur on the same line as the start tag:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><style>p{color:red;}</style> +*foo* +. +<style>p{color:red;}</style> +<p><em>foo</em></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"><!-- foo -->*bar* +*baz* +. +<!-- foo -->*bar* +<p><em>baz</em></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Note that anything on the last line after the +end tag will be included in the [HTML block]:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><script> +foo +</script>1. *bar* +. +<script> +foo +</script>1. *bar* +</code></pre> +<p>A comment (type 2):</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><!-- Foo + +bar + baz --> +okay +. +<!-- Foo + +bar + baz --> +<p>okay</p> +</code></pre> +<p>A processing instruction (type 3):</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><?php + + echo '>'; + +?> +okay +. +<?php + + echo '>'; + +?> +<p>okay</p> +</code></pre> +<p>A declaration (type 4):</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><!DOCTYPE html> +. +<!DOCTYPE html> +</code></pre> +<p>CDATA (type 5):</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><![CDATA[ +function matchwo(a,b) +{ + if (a < b && a < 0) then { + return 1; + + } else { + + return 0; + } +} +]]> +okay +. +<![CDATA[ +function matchwo(a,b) +{ + if (a < b && a < 0) then { + return 1; + + } else { + + return 0; + } +} +]]> +<p>okay</p> +</code></pre> +<p>The opening tag can be preceded by up to three spaces of indentation, but not +four:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> <!-- foo --> + + <!-- foo --> +. + <!-- foo --> +<pre><code>&lt;!-- foo --&gt; +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"> <div> + + <div> +. + <div> +<pre><code>&lt;div&gt; +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<p>An HTML block of types 1--6 can interrupt a paragraph, and need not be +preceded by a blank line.</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">Foo +<div> +bar +</div> +. +<p>Foo</p> +<div> +bar +</div> +</code></pre> +<p>However, a following blank line is needed, except at the end of +a document, and except for blocks of types 1--5, [above][HTML +block]:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><div> +bar +</div> +*foo* +. +<div> +bar +</div> +*foo* +</code></pre> +<p>HTML blocks of type 7 cannot interrupt a paragraph:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">Foo +<a href="bar"> +baz +. +<p>Foo +<a href="bar"> +baz</p> +</code></pre> +<p>This rule differs from John Gruber's original Markdown syntax +specification, which says:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>The only restrictions are that block-level HTML elements — +e.g. <code><div></code>, <code><table></code>, <code><pre></code>, <code><p></code>, etc. — must be separated from +surrounding content by blank lines, and the start and end tags of the +block should not be indented with spaces or tabs.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>In some ways Gruber's rule is more restrictive than the one given +here:</p> +<ul> +<li>It requires that an HTML block be preceded by a blank line.</li> +<li>It does not allow the start tag to be indented.</li> +<li>It requires a matching end tag, which it also does not allow to +be indented.</li> +</ul> +<p>Most Markdown implementations (including some of Gruber's own) do not +respect all of these restrictions.</p> +<p>There is one respect, however, in which Gruber's rule is more liberal +than the one given here, since it allows blank lines to occur inside +an HTML block. There are two reasons for disallowing them here. +First, it removes the need to parse balanced tags, which is +expensive and can require backtracking from the end of the document +if no matching end tag is found. Second, it provides a very simple +and flexible way of including Markdown content inside HTML tags: +simply separate the Markdown from the HTML using blank lines:</p> +<p>Compare:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><div> + +*Emphasized* text. + +</div> +. +<div> +<p><em>Emphasized</em> text.</p> +</div> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"><div> +*Emphasized* text. +</div> +. +<div> +*Emphasized* text. +</div> +</code></pre> +<p>Some Markdown implementations have adopted a convention of +interpreting content inside tags as text if the open tag has +the attribute <code>markdown=1</code>. The rule given above seems a simpler and +more elegant way of achieving the same expressive power, which is also +much simpler to parse.</p> +<p>The main potential drawback is that one can no longer paste HTML +blocks into Markdown documents with 100% reliability. However, +<em>in most cases</em> this will work fine, because the blank lines in +HTML are usually followed by HTML block tags. For example:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><table> + +<tr> + +<td> +Hi +</td> + +</tr> + +</table> +. +<table> +<tr> +<td> +Hi +</td> +</tr> +</table> +</code></pre> +<p>There are problems, however, if the inner tags are indented +<em>and</em> separated by spaces, as then they will be interpreted as +an indented code block:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><table> + + <tr> + + <td> + Hi + </td> + + </tr> + +</table> +. +<table> + <tr> +<pre><code>&lt;td&gt; + Hi +&lt;/td&gt; +</code></pre> + </tr> +</table> +</code></pre> +<p>Fortunately, blank lines are usually not necessary and can be +deleted. The exception is inside <code><pre></code> tags, but as described +[above][HTML blocks], raw HTML blocks starting with <code><pre></code> +<em>can</em> contain blank lines.</p> +<h2>Link reference definitions</h2> +<p>A <a href="@">link reference definition</a> +consists of a [link label], optionally preceded by up to three spaces of +indentation, followed +by a colon (<code>:</code>), optional spaces or tabs (including up to one +[line ending]), a [link destination], +optional spaces or tabs (including up to one +[line ending]), and an optional [link +title], which if it is present must be separated +from the [link destination] by spaces or tabs. +No further character may occur.</p> +<p>A [link reference definition] +does not correspond to a structural element of a document. Instead, it +defines a label which can be used in [reference links] +and reference-style [images] elsewhere in the document. [Link +reference definitions] can come either before or after the links that use +them.</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo]: /url "title" + +[foo] +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title">foo</a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"> [foo]: + /url + 'the title' + +[foo] +. +<p><a href="/url" title="the title">foo</a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[Foo*bar\]]:my_(url) 'title (with parens)' + +[Foo*bar\]] +. +<p><a href="my_(url)" title="title (with parens)">Foo*bar]</a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[Foo bar]: +<my url> +'title' + +[Foo bar] +. +<p><a href="my%20url" title="title">Foo bar</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>The title may extend over multiple lines:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo]: /url ' +title +line1 +line2 +' + +[foo] +. +<p><a href="/url" title=" +title +line1 +line2 +">foo</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>However, it may not contain a [blank line]:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo]: /url 'title + +with blank line' + +[foo] +. +<p>[foo]: /url 'title</p> +<p>with blank line'</p> +<p>[foo]</p> +</code></pre> +<p>The title may be omitted:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo]: +/url + +[foo] +. +<p><a href="/url">foo</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>The link destination may not be omitted:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo]: + +[foo] +. +<p>[foo]:</p> +<p>[foo]</p> +</code></pre> +<p>However, an empty link destination may be specified using +angle brackets:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo]: <> + +[foo] +. +<p><a href="">foo</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>The title must be separated from the link destination by +spaces or tabs:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo]: <bar>(baz) + +[foo] +. +<p>[foo]: <bar>(baz)</p> +<p>[foo]</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Both title and destination can contain backslash escapes +and literal backslashes:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo]: /url\bar\*baz "foo\"bar\baz" + +[foo] +. +<p><a href="/url%5Cbar*baz" title="foo&quot;bar\baz">foo</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>A link can come before its corresponding definition:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo] + +[foo]: url +. +<p><a href="url">foo</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>If there are several matching definitions, the first one takes +precedence:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo] + +[foo]: first +[foo]: second +. +<p><a href="first">foo</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>As noted in the section on [Links], matching of labels is +case-insensitive (see [matches]).</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[FOO]: /url + +[Foo] +. +<p><a href="/url">Foo</a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[ΑΓΩ]: /φου + +[αγω] +. +<p><a href="/%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%85">αγω</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Whether something is a [link reference definition] is +independent of whether the link reference it defines is +used in the document. Thus, for example, the following +document contains just a link reference definition, and +no visible content:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo]: /url +. +</code></pre> +<p>Here is another one:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[ +foo +]: /url +bar +. +<p>bar</p> +</code></pre> +<p>This is not a link reference definition, because there are +characters other than spaces or tabs after the title:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo]: /url "title" ok +. +<p>[foo]: /url &quot;title&quot; ok</p> +</code></pre> +<p>This is a link reference definition, but it has no title:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo]: /url +"title" ok +. +<p>&quot;title&quot; ok</p> +</code></pre> +<p>This is not a link reference definition, because it is indented +four spaces:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> [foo]: /url "title" + +[foo] +. +<pre><code>[foo]: /url &quot;title&quot; +</code></pre> +<p>[foo]</p> +</code></pre> +<p>This is not a link reference definition, because it occurs inside +a code block:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">``` +[foo]: /url +``` + +[foo] +. +<pre><code>[foo]: /url +</code></pre> +<p>[foo]</p> +</code></pre> +<p>A [link reference definition] cannot interrupt a paragraph.</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">Foo +[bar]: /baz + +[bar] +. +<p>Foo +[bar]: /baz</p> +<p>[bar]</p> +</code></pre> +<p>However, it can directly follow other block elements, such as headings +and thematic breaks, and it need not be followed by a blank line.</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"># [Foo] +[foo]: /url +> bar +. +<h1><a href="/url">Foo</a></h1> +<blockquote> +<p>bar</p> +</blockquote> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo]: /url +bar +=== +[foo] +. +<h1>bar</h1> +<p><a href="/url">foo</a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo]: /url +=== +[foo] +. +<p>=== +<a href="/url">foo</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Several [link reference definitions] +can occur one after another, without intervening blank lines.</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo]: /foo-url "foo" +[bar]: /bar-url + "bar" +[baz]: /baz-url + +[foo], +[bar], +[baz] +. +<p><a href="/foo-url" title="foo">foo</a>, +<a href="/bar-url" title="bar">bar</a>, +<a href="/baz-url">baz</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>[Link reference definitions] can occur +inside block containers, like lists and block quotations. They +affect the entire document, not just the container in which they +are defined:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo] + +> [foo]: /url +. +<p><a href="/url">foo</a></p> +<blockquote> +</blockquote> +</code></pre> +<h2>Paragraphs</h2> +<p>A sequence of non-blank lines that cannot be interpreted as other +kinds of blocks forms a <a href="@">paragraph</a>. +The contents of the paragraph are the result of parsing the +paragraph's raw content as inlines. The paragraph's raw content +is formed by concatenating the lines and removing initial and final +spaces or tabs.</p> +<p>A simple example with two paragraphs:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">aaa + +bbb +. +<p>aaa</p> +<p>bbb</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Paragraphs can contain multiple lines, but no blank lines:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">aaa +bbb + +ccc +ddd +. +<p>aaa +bbb</p> +<p>ccc +ddd</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Multiple blank lines between paragraphs have no effect:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">aaa + + +bbb +. +<p>aaa</p> +<p>bbb</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Leading spaces or tabs are skipped:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> aaa + bbb +. +<p>aaa +bbb</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Lines after the first may be indented any amount, since indented +code blocks cannot interrupt paragraphs.</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">aaa + bbb + ccc +. +<p>aaa +bbb +ccc</p> +</code></pre> +<p>However, the first line may be preceded by up to three spaces of indentation. +Four spaces of indentation is too many:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> aaa +bbb +. +<p>aaa +bbb</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"> aaa +bbb +. +<pre><code>aaa +</code></pre> +<p>bbb</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Final spaces or tabs are stripped before inline parsing, so a paragraph +that ends with two or more spaces will not end with a [hard line +break]:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">aaa +bbb +. +<p>aaa<br /> +bbb</p> +</code></pre> +<h2>Blank lines</h2> +<p>[Blank lines] between block-level elements are ignored, +except for the role they play in determining whether a [list] +is [tight] or [loose].</p> +<p>Blank lines at the beginning and end of the document are also ignored.</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> + +aaa + + +# aaa + + +. +<p>aaa</p> +<h1>aaa</h1> +</code></pre> +<h1>Container blocks</h1> +<p>A <a href="#container-blocks">container block</a> is a block that has other +blocks as its contents. There are two basic kinds of container blocks: +[block quotes] and [list items]. +[Lists] are meta-containers for [list items].</p> +<p>We define the syntax for container blocks recursively. The general +form of the definition is:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>If X is a sequence of blocks, then the result of +transforming X in such-and-such a way is a container of type Y +with these blocks as its content.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>So, we explain what counts as a block quote or list item by explaining +how these can be <em>generated</em> from their contents. This should suffice +to define the syntax, although it does not give a recipe for <em>parsing</em> +these constructions. (A recipe is provided below in the section entitled +<a href="#appendix-a-parsing-strategy">A parsing strategy</a>.)</p> +<h2>Block quotes</h2> +<p>A <a href="@">block quote marker</a>, +optionally preceded by up to three spaces of indentation, +consists of (a) the character <code>></code> together with a following space of +indentation, or (b) a single character <code>></code> not followed by a space of +indentation.</p> +<p>The following rules define [block quotes]:</p> +<ol> +<li> +<p><strong>Basic case.</strong> If a string of lines <em>Ls</em> constitute a sequence +of blocks <em>Bs</em>, then the result of prepending a [block quote +marker] to the beginning of each line in <em>Ls</em> +is a <a href="#block-quotes">block quote</a> containing <em>Bs</em>.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p><strong>Laziness.</strong> If a string of lines <em>Ls</em> constitute a <a href="#block-quotes">block +quote</a> with contents <em>Bs</em>, then the result of deleting +the initial [block quote marker] from one or +more lines in which the next character other than a space or tab after the +[block quote marker] is [paragraph continuation +text] is a block quote with <em>Bs</em> as its content. +<a href="@">Paragraph continuation text</a> is text +that will be parsed as part of the content of a paragraph, but does +not occur at the beginning of the paragraph.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p><strong>Consecutiveness.</strong> A document cannot contain two [block +quotes] in a row unless there is a [blank line] between them.</p> +</li> +</ol> +<p>Nothing else counts as a <a href="#block-quotes">block quote</a>.</p> +<p>Here is a simple example:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">> # Foo +> bar +> baz +. +<blockquote> +<h1>Foo</h1> +<p>bar +baz</p> +</blockquote> +</code></pre> +<p>The space or tab after the <code>></code> characters can be omitted:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">># Foo +>bar +> baz +. +<blockquote> +<h1>Foo</h1> +<p>bar +baz</p> +</blockquote> +</code></pre> +<p>The <code>></code> characters can be preceded by up to three spaces of indentation:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> > # Foo + > bar + > baz +. +<blockquote> +<h1>Foo</h1> +<p>bar +baz</p> +</blockquote> +</code></pre> +<p>Four spaces of indentation is too many:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> > # Foo + > bar + > baz +. +<pre><code>&gt; # Foo +&gt; bar +&gt; baz +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<p>The Laziness clause allows us to omit the <code>></code> before +[paragraph continuation text]:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">> # Foo +> bar +baz +. +<blockquote> +<h1>Foo</h1> +<p>bar +baz</p> +</blockquote> +</code></pre> +<p>A block quote can contain some lazy and some non-lazy +continuation lines:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">> bar +baz +> foo +. +<blockquote> +<p>bar +baz +foo</p> +</blockquote> +</code></pre> +<p>Laziness only applies to lines that would have been continuations of +paragraphs had they been prepended with [block quote markers]. +For example, the <code>> </code> cannot be omitted in the second line of</p> +<pre><code class="language-markdown">> foo +> --- +</code></pre> +<p>without changing the meaning:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">> foo +--- +. +<blockquote> +<p>foo</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +</code></pre> +<p>Similarly, if we omit the <code>> </code> in the second line of</p> +<pre><code class="language-markdown">> - foo +> - bar +</code></pre> +<p>then the block quote ends after the first line:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">> - foo +- bar +. +<blockquote> +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +</ul> +</blockquote> +<ul> +<li>bar</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<p>For the same reason, we can't omit the <code>> </code> in front of +subsequent lines of an indented or fenced code block:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">> foo + bar +. +<blockquote> +<pre><code>foo +</code></pre> +</blockquote> +<pre><code>bar +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">> ``` +foo +``` +. +<blockquote> +<pre><code></code></pre> +</blockquote> +<p>foo</p> +<pre><code></code></pre> +</code></pre> +<p>Note that in the following case, we have a [lazy +continuation line]:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">> foo + - bar +. +<blockquote> +<p>foo +- bar</p> +</blockquote> +</code></pre> +<p>To see why, note that in</p> +<pre><code class="language-markdown">> foo +> - bar +</code></pre> +<p>the <code>- bar</code> is indented too far to start a list, and can't +be an indented code block because indented code blocks cannot +interrupt paragraphs, so it is [paragraph continuation text].</p> +<p>A block quote can be empty:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">> +. +<blockquote> +</blockquote> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">> +> +> +. +<blockquote> +</blockquote> +</code></pre> +<p>A block quote can have initial or final blank lines:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">> +> foo +> +. +<blockquote> +<p>foo</p> +</blockquote> +</code></pre> +<p>A blank line always separates block quotes:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">> foo + +> bar +. +<blockquote> +<p>foo</p> +</blockquote> +<blockquote> +<p>bar</p> +</blockquote> +</code></pre> +<p>(Most current Markdown implementations, including John Gruber's +original <code>Markdown.pl</code>, will parse this example as a single block quote +with two paragraphs. But it seems better to allow the author to decide +whether two block quotes or one are wanted.)</p> +<p>Consecutiveness means that if we put these block quotes together, +we get a single block quote:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">> foo +> bar +. +<blockquote> +<p>foo +bar</p> +</blockquote> +</code></pre> +<p>To get a block quote with two paragraphs, use:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">> foo +> +> bar +. +<blockquote> +<p>foo</p> +<p>bar</p> +</blockquote> +</code></pre> +<p>Block quotes can interrupt paragraphs:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo +> bar +. +<p>foo</p> +<blockquote> +<p>bar</p> +</blockquote> +</code></pre> +<p>In general, blank lines are not needed before or after block +quotes:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">> aaa +*** +> bbb +. +<blockquote> +<p>aaa</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +<blockquote> +<p>bbb</p> +</blockquote> +</code></pre> +<p>However, because of laziness, a blank line is needed between +a block quote and a following paragraph:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">> bar +baz +. +<blockquote> +<p>bar +baz</p> +</blockquote> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">> bar + +baz +. +<blockquote> +<p>bar</p> +</blockquote> +<p>baz</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">> bar +> +baz +. +<blockquote> +<p>bar</p> +</blockquote> +<p>baz</p> +</code></pre> +<p>It is a consequence of the Laziness rule that any number +of initial <code>></code>s may be omitted on a continuation line of a +nested block quote:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">> > > foo +bar +. +<blockquote> +<blockquote> +<blockquote> +<p>foo +bar</p> +</blockquote> +</blockquote> +</blockquote> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">>>> foo +> bar +>>baz +. +<blockquote> +<blockquote> +<blockquote> +<p>foo +bar +baz</p> +</blockquote> +</blockquote> +</blockquote> +</code></pre> +<p>When including an indented code block in a block quote, +remember that the [block quote marker] includes +both the <code>></code> and a following space of indentation. So <em>five spaces</em> are needed +after the <code>></code>:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">> code + +> not code +. +<blockquote> +<pre><code>code +</code></pre> +</blockquote> +<blockquote> +<p>not code</p> +</blockquote> +</code></pre> +<h2>List items</h2> +<p>A <a href="@">list marker</a> is a +[bullet list marker] or an [ordered list marker].</p> +<p>A <a href="@">bullet list marker</a> +is a <code>-</code>, <code>+</code>, or <code>*</code> character.</p> +<p>An <a href="@">ordered list marker</a> +is a sequence of 1--9 arabic digits (<code>0-9</code>), followed by either a +<code>.</code> character or a <code>)</code> character. (The reason for the length +limit is that with 10 digits we start seeing integer overflows +in some browsers.)</p> +<p>The following rules define [list items]:</p> +<ol> +<li> +<p><strong>Basic case.</strong> If a sequence of lines <em>Ls</em> constitute a sequence of +blocks <em>Bs</em> starting with a character other than a space or tab, and <em>M</em> is +a list marker of width <em>W</em> followed by 1 ≤ <em>N</em> ≤ 4 spaces of indentation, +then the result of prepending <em>M</em> and the following spaces to the first line +of Ls*, and indenting subsequent lines of <em>Ls</em> by <em>W + N</em> spaces, is a +list item with <em>Bs</em> as its contents. The type of the list item +(bullet or ordered) is determined by the type of its list marker. +If the list item is ordered, then it is also assigned a start +number, based on the ordered list marker.</p> +<p>Exceptions:</p> +<ol> +<li>When the first list item in a [list] interrupts +a paragraph---that is, when it starts on a line that would +otherwise count as [paragraph continuation text]---then (a) +the lines <em>Ls</em> must not begin with a blank line, and (b) if +the list item is ordered, the start number must be 1.</li> +<li>If any line is a [thematic break][thematic breaks] then +that line is not a list item.</li> +</ol> +</li> +</ol> +<p>For example, let <em>Ls</em> be the lines</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">A paragraph +with two lines. + + indented code + +> A block quote. +. +<p>A paragraph +with two lines.</p> +<pre><code>indented code +</code></pre> +<blockquote> +<p>A block quote.</p> +</blockquote> +</code></pre> +<p>And let <em>M</em> be the marker <code>1.</code>, and <em>N</em> = 2. Then rule #1 says +that the following is an ordered list item with start number 1, +and the same contents as <em>Ls</em>:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">1. A paragraph + with two lines. + + indented code + + > A block quote. +. +<ol> +<li> +<p>A paragraph +with two lines.</p> +<pre><code>indented code +</code></pre> +<blockquote> +<p>A block quote.</p> +</blockquote> +</li> +</ol> +</code></pre> +<p>The most important thing to notice is that the position of +the text after the list marker determines how much indentation +is needed in subsequent blocks in the list item. If the list +marker takes up two spaces of indentation, and there are three spaces between +the list marker and the next character other than a space or tab, then blocks +must be indented five spaces in order to fall under the list +item.</p> +<p>Here are some examples showing how far content must be indented to be +put under the list item:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">- one + + two +. +<ul> +<li>one</li> +</ul> +<p>two</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">- one + + two +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>one</p> +<p>two</p> +</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"> - one + + two +. +<ul> +<li>one</li> +</ul> +<pre><code> two +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"> - one + + two +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>one</p> +<p>two</p> +</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<p>It is tempting to think of this in terms of columns: the continuation +blocks must be indented at least to the column of the first character other than +a space or tab after the list marker. However, that is not quite right. +The spaces of indentation after the list marker determine how much relative +indentation is needed. Which column this indentation reaches will depend on +how the list item is embedded in other constructions, as shown by +this example:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> > > 1. one +>> +>> two +. +<blockquote> +<blockquote> +<ol> +<li> +<p>one</p> +<p>two</p> +</li> +</ol> +</blockquote> +</blockquote> +</code></pre> +<p>Here <code>two</code> occurs in the same column as the list marker <code>1.</code>, +but is actually contained in the list item, because there is +sufficient indentation after the last containing blockquote marker.</p> +<p>The converse is also possible. In the following example, the word <code>two</code> +occurs far to the right of the initial text of the list item, <code>one</code>, but +it is not considered part of the list item, because it is not indented +far enough past the blockquote marker:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">>>- one +>> + > > two +. +<blockquote> +<blockquote> +<ul> +<li>one</li> +</ul> +<p>two</p> +</blockquote> +</blockquote> +</code></pre> +<p>Note that at least one space or tab is needed between the list marker and +any following content, so these are not list items:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">-one + +2.two +. +<p>-one</p> +<p>2.two</p> +</code></pre> +<p>A list item may contain blocks that are separated by more than +one blank line.</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">- foo + + + bar +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<p>bar</p> +</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<p>A list item may contain any kind of block:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">1. foo + + ``` + bar + ``` + + baz + + > bam +. +<ol> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<pre><code>bar +</code></pre> +<p>baz</p> +<blockquote> +<p>bam</p> +</blockquote> +</li> +</ol> +</code></pre> +<p>A list item that contains an indented code block will preserve +empty lines within the code block verbatim.</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">- Foo + + bar + + + baz +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>Foo</p> +<pre><code>bar + + +baz +</code></pre> +</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<p>Note that ordered list start numbers must be nine digits or less:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">123456789. ok +. +<ol start="123456789"> +<li>ok</li> +</ol> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">1234567890. not ok +. +<p>1234567890. not ok</p> +</code></pre> +<p>A start number may begin with 0s:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">0. ok +. +<ol start="0"> +<li>ok</li> +</ol> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">003. ok +. +<ol start="3"> +<li>ok</li> +</ol> +</code></pre> +<p>A start number may not be negative:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">-1. not ok +. +<p>-1. not ok</p> +</code></pre> +<ol start="2"> +<li><strong>Item starting with indented code.</strong> If a sequence of lines <em>Ls</em> +constitute a sequence of blocks <em>Bs</em> starting with an indented code +block, and <em>M</em> is a list marker of width <em>W</em> followed by +one space of indentation, then the result of prepending <em>M</em> and the +following space to the first line of <em>Ls</em>, and indenting subsequent lines +of <em>Ls</em> by <em>W + 1</em> spaces, is a list item with <em>Bs</em> as its contents. +If a line is empty, then it need not be indented. The type of the +list item (bullet or ordered) is determined by the type of its list +marker. If the list item is ordered, then it is also assigned a +start number, based on the ordered list marker.</li> +</ol> +<p>An indented code block will have to be preceded by four spaces of indentation +beyond the edge of the region where text will be included in the list item. +In the following case that is 6 spaces:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">- foo + + bar +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<pre><code>bar +</code></pre> +</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<p>And in this case it is 11 spaces:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> 10. foo + + bar +. +<ol start="10"> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<pre><code>bar +</code></pre> +</li> +</ol> +</code></pre> +<p>If the <em>first</em> block in the list item is an indented code block, +then by rule #2, the contents must be preceded by <em>one</em> space of indentation +after the list marker:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> indented code + +paragraph + + more code +. +<pre><code>indented code +</code></pre> +<p>paragraph</p> +<pre><code>more code +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">1. indented code + + paragraph + + more code +. +<ol> +<li> +<pre><code>indented code +</code></pre> +<p>paragraph</p> +<pre><code>more code +</code></pre> +</li> +</ol> +</code></pre> +<p>Note that an additional space of indentation is interpreted as space +inside the code block:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">1. indented code + + paragraph + + more code +. +<ol> +<li> +<pre><code> indented code +</code></pre> +<p>paragraph</p> +<pre><code>more code +</code></pre> +</li> +</ol> +</code></pre> +<p>Note that rules #1 and #2 only apply to two cases: (a) cases +in which the lines to be included in a list item begin with a +character other than a space or tab, and (b) cases in which +they begin with an indented code +block. In a case like the following, where the first block begins with +three spaces of indentation, the rules do not allow us to form a list item by +indenting the whole thing and prepending a list marker:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> foo + +bar +. +<p>foo</p> +<p>bar</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">- foo + + bar +. +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +</ul> +<p>bar</p> +</code></pre> +<p>This is not a significant restriction, because when a block is preceded by up to +three spaces of indentation, the indentation can always be removed without +a change in interpretation, allowing rule #1 to be applied. So, in +the above case:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">- foo + + bar +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<p>bar</p> +</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<ol start="3"> +<li><strong>Item starting with a blank line.</strong> If a sequence of lines <em>Ls</em> +starting with a single [blank line] constitute a (possibly empty) +sequence of blocks <em>Bs</em>, and <em>M</em> is a list marker of width <em>W</em>, +then the result of prepending <em>M</em> to the first line of <em>Ls</em>, and +preceding subsequent lines of <em>Ls</em> by <em>W + 1</em> spaces of indentation, is a +list item with <em>Bs</em> as its contents. +If a line is empty, then it need not be indented. The type of the +list item (bullet or ordered) is determined by the type of its list +marker. If the list item is ordered, then it is also assigned a +start number, based on the ordered list marker.</li> +</ol> +<p>Here are some list items that start with a blank line but are not empty:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">- + foo +- + ``` + bar + ``` +- + baz +. +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +<li> +<pre><code>bar +</code></pre> +</li> +<li> +<pre><code>baz +</code></pre> +</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<p>When the list item starts with a blank line, the number of spaces +following the list marker doesn't change the required indentation:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">- + foo +. +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<p>A list item can begin with at most one blank line. +In the following example, <code>foo</code> is not part of the list +item:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">- + + foo +. +<ul> +<li></li> +</ul> +<p>foo</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Here is an empty bullet list item:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">- foo +- +- bar +. +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +<li></li> +<li>bar</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<p>It does not matter whether there are spaces or tabs following the [list marker]:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">- foo +- +- bar +. +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +<li></li> +<li>bar</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<p>Here is an empty ordered list item:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">1. foo +2. +3. bar +. +<ol> +<li>foo</li> +<li></li> +<li>bar</li> +</ol> +</code></pre> +<p>A list may start or end with an empty list item:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">* +. +<ul> +<li></li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<p>However, an empty list item cannot interrupt a paragraph:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo +* + +foo +1. +. +<p>foo +*</p> +<p>foo +1.</p> +</code></pre> +<ol start="4"> +<li><strong>Indentation.</strong> If a sequence of lines <em>Ls</em> constitutes a list item +according to rule #1, #2, or #3, then the result of preceding each line +of <em>Ls</em> by up to three spaces of indentation (the same for each line) also +constitutes a list item with the same contents and attributes. If a line is +empty, then it need not be indented.</li> +</ol> +<p>Indented one space:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> 1. A paragraph + with two lines. + + indented code + + > A block quote. +. +<ol> +<li> +<p>A paragraph +with two lines.</p> +<pre><code>indented code +</code></pre> +<blockquote> +<p>A block quote.</p> +</blockquote> +</li> +</ol> +</code></pre> +<p>Indented two spaces:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> 1. A paragraph + with two lines. + + indented code + + > A block quote. +. +<ol> +<li> +<p>A paragraph +with two lines.</p> +<pre><code>indented code +</code></pre> +<blockquote> +<p>A block quote.</p> +</blockquote> +</li> +</ol> +</code></pre> +<p>Indented three spaces:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> 1. A paragraph + with two lines. + + indented code + + > A block quote. +. +<ol> +<li> +<p>A paragraph +with two lines.</p> +<pre><code>indented code +</code></pre> +<blockquote> +<p>A block quote.</p> +</blockquote> +</li> +</ol> +</code></pre> +<p>Four spaces indent gives a code block:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> 1. A paragraph + with two lines. + + indented code + + > A block quote. +. +<pre><code>1. A paragraph + with two lines. + + indented code + + &gt; A block quote. +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<ol start="5"> +<li><strong>Laziness.</strong> If a string of lines <em>Ls</em> constitute a <a href="#list-items">list +item</a> with contents <em>Bs</em>, then the result of deleting +some or all of the indentation from one or more lines in which the +next character other than a space or tab after the indentation is +[paragraph continuation text] is a +list item with the same contents and attributes. The unindented +lines are called +<a href="@">lazy continuation line</a>s.</li> +</ol> +<p>Here is an example with [lazy continuation lines]:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> 1. A paragraph +with two lines. + + indented code + + > A block quote. +. +<ol> +<li> +<p>A paragraph +with two lines.</p> +<pre><code>indented code +</code></pre> +<blockquote> +<p>A block quote.</p> +</blockquote> +</li> +</ol> +</code></pre> +<p>Indentation can be partially deleted:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"> 1. A paragraph + with two lines. +. +<ol> +<li>A paragraph +with two lines.</li> +</ol> +</code></pre> +<p>These examples show how laziness can work in nested structures:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">> 1. > Blockquote +continued here. +. +<blockquote> +<ol> +<li> +<blockquote> +<p>Blockquote +continued here.</p> +</blockquote> +</li> +</ol> +</blockquote> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">> 1. > Blockquote +> continued here. +. +<blockquote> +<ol> +<li> +<blockquote> +<p>Blockquote +continued here.</p> +</blockquote> +</li> +</ol> +</blockquote> +</code></pre> +<ol start="6"> +<li><strong>That's all.</strong> Nothing that is not counted as a list item by rules +#1--5 counts as a <a href="#list-items">list item</a>.</li> +</ol> +<p>The rules for sublists follow from the general rules +[above][List items]. A sublist must be indented the same number +of spaces of indentation a paragraph would need to be in order to be included +in the list item.</p> +<p>So, in this case we need two spaces indent:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">- foo + - bar + - baz + - boo +. +<ul> +<li>foo +<ul> +<li>bar +<ul> +<li>baz +<ul> +<li>boo</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<p>One is not enough:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">- foo + - bar + - baz + - boo +. +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +<li>bar</li> +<li>baz</li> +<li>boo</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<p>Here we need four, because the list marker is wider:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">10) foo + - bar +. +<ol start="10"> +<li>foo +<ul> +<li>bar</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ol> +</code></pre> +<p>Three is not enough:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">10) foo + - bar +. +<ol start="10"> +<li>foo</li> +</ol> +<ul> +<li>bar</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<p>A list may be the first block in a list item:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">- - foo +. +<ul> +<li> +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">1. - 2. foo +. +<ol> +<li> +<ul> +<li> +<ol start="2"> +<li>foo</li> +</ol> +</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ol> +</code></pre> +<p>A list item can contain a heading:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">- # Foo +- Bar + --- + baz +. +<ul> +<li> +<h1>Foo</h1> +</li> +<li> +<h2>Bar</h2> +baz</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<h3>Motivation</h3> +<p>John Gruber's Markdown spec says the following about list items:</p> +<ol> +<li> +<p>"List markers typically start at the left margin, but may be indented +by up to three spaces. List markers must be followed by one or more +spaces or a tab."</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>"To make lists look nice, you can wrap items with hanging indents.... +But if you don't want to, you don't have to."</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>"List items may consist of multiple paragraphs. Each subsequent +paragraph in a list item must be indented by either 4 spaces or one +tab."</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>"It looks nice if you indent every line of the subsequent paragraphs, +but here again, Markdown will allow you to be lazy."</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>"To put a blockquote within a list item, the blockquote's <code>></code> +delimiters need to be indented."</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>"To put a code block within a list item, the code block needs to be +indented twice — 8 spaces or two tabs."</p> +</li> +</ol> +<p>These rules specify that a paragraph under a list item must be indented +four spaces (presumably, from the left margin, rather than the start of +the list marker, but this is not said), and that code under a list item +must be indented eight spaces instead of the usual four. They also say +that a block quote must be indented, but not by how much; however, the +example given has four spaces indentation. Although nothing is said +about other kinds of block-level content, it is certainly reasonable to +infer that <em>all</em> block elements under a list item, including other +lists, must be indented four spaces. This principle has been called the +<em>four-space rule</em>.</p> +<p>The four-space rule is clear and principled, and if the reference +implementation <code>Markdown.pl</code> had followed it, it probably would have +become the standard. However, <code>Markdown.pl</code> allowed paragraphs and +sublists to start with only two spaces indentation, at least on the +outer level. Worse, its behavior was inconsistent: a sublist of an +outer-level list needed two spaces indentation, but a sublist of this +sublist needed three spaces. It is not surprising, then, that different +implementations of Markdown have developed very different rules for +determining what comes under a list item. (Pandoc and python-Markdown, +for example, stuck with Gruber's syntax description and the four-space +rule, while discount, redcarpet, marked, PHP Markdown, and others +followed <code>Markdown.pl</code>'s behavior more closely.)</p> +<p>Unfortunately, given the divergences between implementations, there +is no way to give a spec for list items that will be guaranteed not +to break any existing documents. However, the spec given here should +correctly handle lists formatted with either the four-space rule or +the more forgiving <code>Markdown.pl</code> behavior, provided they are laid out +in a way that is natural for a human to read.</p> +<p>The strategy here is to let the width and indentation of the list marker +determine the indentation necessary for blocks to fall under the list +item, rather than having a fixed and arbitrary number. The writer can +think of the body of the list item as a unit which gets indented to the +right enough to fit the list marker (and any indentation on the list +marker). (The laziness rule, #5, then allows continuation lines to be +unindented if needed.)</p> +<p>This rule is superior, we claim, to any rule requiring a fixed level of +indentation from the margin. The four-space rule is clear but +unnatural. It is quite unintuitive that</p> +<pre><code class="language-markdown">- foo + + bar + + - baz +</code></pre> +<p>should be parsed as two lists with an intervening paragraph,</p> +<pre><code class="language-html"><ul> +<li>foo</li> +</ul> +<p>bar</p> +<ul> +<li>baz</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<p>as the four-space rule demands, rather than a single list,</p> +<pre><code class="language-html"><ul> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<p>bar</p> +<ul> +<li>baz</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<p>The choice of four spaces is arbitrary. It can be learned, but it is +not likely to be guessed, and it trips up beginners regularly.</p> +<p>Would it help to adopt a two-space rule? The problem is that such +a rule, together with the rule allowing up to three spaces of indentation for +the initial list marker, allows text that is indented <em>less than</em> the +original list marker to be included in the list item. For example, +<code>Markdown.pl</code> parses</p> +<pre><code class="language-markdown"> - one + + two +</code></pre> +<p>as a single list item, with <code>two</code> a continuation paragraph:</p> +<pre><code class="language-html"><ul> +<li> +<p>one</p> +<p>two</p> +</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<p>and similarly</p> +<pre><code class="language-markdown">> - one +> +> two +</code></pre> +<p>as</p> +<pre><code class="language-html"><blockquote> +<ul> +<li> +<p>one</p> +<p>two</p> +</li> +</ul> +</blockquote> +</code></pre> +<p>This is extremely unintuitive.</p> +<p>Rather than requiring a fixed indent from the margin, we could require +a fixed indent (say, two spaces, or even one space) from the list marker (which +may itself be indented). This proposal would remove the last anomaly +discussed. Unlike the spec presented above, it would count the following +as a list item with a subparagraph, even though the paragraph <code>bar</code> +is not indented as far as the first paragraph <code>foo</code>:</p> +<pre><code class="language-markdown"> 10. foo + + bar +</code></pre> +<p>Arguably this text does read like a list item with <code>bar</code> as a subparagraph, +which may count in favor of the proposal. However, on this proposal indented +code would have to be indented six spaces after the list marker. And this +would break a lot of existing Markdown, which has the pattern:</p> +<pre><code class="language-markdown">1. foo + + indented code +</code></pre> +<p>where the code is indented eight spaces. The spec above, by contrast, will +parse this text as expected, since the code block's indentation is measured +from the beginning of <code>foo</code>.</p> +<p>The one case that needs special treatment is a list item that <em>starts</em> +with indented code. How much indentation is required in that case, since +we don't have a "first paragraph" to measure from? Rule #2 simply stipulates +that in such cases, we require one space indentation from the list marker +(and then the normal four spaces for the indented code). This will match the +four-space rule in cases where the list marker plus its initial indentation +takes four spaces (a common case), but diverge in other cases.</p> +<h2>Lists</h2> +<p>A <a href="@">list</a> is a sequence of one or more +list items [of the same type]. The list items +may be separated by any number of blank lines.</p> +<p>Two list items are <a href="@">of the same type</a> +if they begin with a [list marker] of the same type. +Two list markers are of the +same type if (a) they are bullet list markers using the same character +(<code>-</code>, <code>+</code>, or <code>*</code>) or (b) they are ordered list numbers with the same +delimiter (either <code>.</code> or <code>)</code>).</p> +<p>A list is an <a href="@">ordered list</a> +if its constituent list items begin with +[ordered list markers], and a +<a href="@">bullet list</a> if its constituent list +items begin with [bullet list markers].</p> +<p>The <a href="@">start number</a> +of an [ordered list] is determined by the list number of +its initial list item. The numbers of subsequent list items are +disregarded.</p> +<p>A list is <a href="@">loose</a> if any of its constituent +list items are separated by blank lines, or if any of its constituent +list items directly contain two block-level elements with a blank line +between them. Otherwise a list is <a href="@">tight</a>. +(The difference in HTML output is that paragraphs in a loose list are +wrapped in <code><p></code> tags, while paragraphs in a tight list are not.)</p> +<p>Changing the bullet or ordered list delimiter starts a new list:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">- foo +- bar ++ baz +. +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +<li>bar</li> +</ul> +<ul> +<li>baz</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">1. foo +2. bar +3) baz +. +<ol> +<li>foo</li> +<li>bar</li> +</ol> +<ol start="3"> +<li>baz</li> +</ol> +</code></pre> +<p>In CommonMark, a list can interrupt a paragraph. That is, +no blank line is needed to separate a paragraph from a following +list:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">Foo +- bar +- baz +. +<p>Foo</p> +<ul> +<li>bar</li> +<li>baz</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<p><code>Markdown.pl</code> does not allow this, through fear of triggering a list +via a numeral in a hard-wrapped line:</p> +<pre><code class="language-markdown">The number of windows in my house is +14. The number of doors is 6. +</code></pre> +<p>Oddly, though, <code>Markdown.pl</code> <em>does</em> allow a blockquote to +interrupt a paragraph, even though the same considerations might +apply.</p> +<p>In CommonMark, we do allow lists to interrupt paragraphs, for +two reasons. First, it is natural and not uncommon for people +to start lists without blank lines:</p> +<pre><code class="language-markdown">I need to buy +- new shoes +- a coat +- a plane ticket +</code></pre> +<p>Second, we are attracted to a</p> +<blockquote> +<p><a href="@">principle of uniformity</a>: +if a chunk of text has a certain +meaning, it will continue to have the same meaning when put into a +container block (such as a list item or blockquote).</p> +</blockquote> +<p>(Indeed, the spec for [list items] and [block quotes] presupposes +this principle.) This principle implies that if</p> +<pre><code class="language-markdown"> * I need to buy + - new shoes + - a coat + - a plane ticket +</code></pre> +<p>is a list item containing a paragraph followed by a nested sublist, +as all Markdown implementations agree it is (though the paragraph +may be rendered without <code><p></code> tags, since the list is "tight"), +then</p> +<pre><code class="language-markdown">I need to buy +- new shoes +- a coat +- a plane ticket +</code></pre> +<p>by itself should be a paragraph followed by a nested sublist.</p> +<p>Since it is well established Markdown practice to allow lists to +interrupt paragraphs inside list items, the [principle of +uniformity] requires us to allow this outside list items as +well. (<a href="http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html">reStructuredText</a> +takes a different approach, requiring blank lines before lists +even inside other list items.)</p> +<p>In order to solve of unwanted lists in paragraphs with +hard-wrapped numerals, we allow only lists starting with <code>1</code> to +interrupt paragraphs. Thus,</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">The number of windows in my house is +14. The number of doors is 6. +. +<p>The number of windows in my house is +14. The number of doors is 6.</p> +</code></pre> +<p>We may still get an unintended result in cases like</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">The number of windows in my house is +1. The number of doors is 6. +. +<p>The number of windows in my house is</p> +<ol> +<li>The number of doors is 6.</li> +</ol> +</code></pre> +<p>but this rule should prevent most spurious list captures.</p> +<p>There can be any number of blank lines between items:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">- foo + +- bar + + +- baz +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>bar</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>baz</p> +</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">- foo + - bar + - baz + + + bim +. +<ul> +<li>foo +<ul> +<li>bar +<ul> +<li> +<p>baz</p> +<p>bim</p> +</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<p>To separate consecutive lists of the same type, or to separate a +list from an indented code block that would otherwise be parsed +as a subparagraph of the final list item, you can insert a blank HTML +comment:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">- foo +- bar + +<!-- --> + +- baz +- bim +. +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +<li>bar</li> +</ul> +<!-- --> +<ul> +<li>baz</li> +<li>bim</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">- foo + + notcode + +- foo + +<!-- --> + + code +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<p>notcode</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +</li> +</ul> +<!-- --> +<pre><code>code +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<p>List items need not be indented to the same level. The following +list items will be treated as items at the same list level, +since none is indented enough to belong to the previous list +item:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">- a + - b + - c + - d + - e + - f +- g +. +<ul> +<li>a</li> +<li>b</li> +<li>c</li> +<li>d</li> +<li>e</li> +<li>f</li> +<li>g</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">1. a + + 2. b + + 3. c +. +<ol> +<li> +<p>a</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>b</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>c</p> +</li> +</ol> +</code></pre> +<p>Note, however, that list items may not be preceded by more than +three spaces of indentation. Here <code>- e</code> is treated as a paragraph continuation +line, because it is indented more than three spaces:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">- a + - b + - c + - d + - e +. +<ul> +<li>a</li> +<li>b</li> +<li>c</li> +<li>d +- e</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<p>And here, <code>3. c</code> is treated as in indented code block, +because it is indented four spaces and preceded by a +blank line.</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">1. a + + 2. b + + 3. c +. +<ol> +<li> +<p>a</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>b</p> +</li> +</ol> +<pre><code>3. c +</code></pre> +</code></pre> +<p>This is a loose list, because there is a blank line between +two of the list items:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">- a +- b + +- c +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>a</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>b</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>c</p> +</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<p>So is this, with a empty second item:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">* a +* + +* c +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>a</p> +</li> +<li></li> +<li> +<p>c</p> +</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<p>These are loose lists, even though there are no blank lines between the items, +because one of the items directly contains two block-level elements +with a blank line between them:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">- a +- b + + c +- d +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>a</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>b</p> +<p>c</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>d</p> +</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">- a +- b + + [ref]: /url +- d +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>a</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>b</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>d</p> +</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<p>This is a tight list, because the blank lines are in a code block:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">- a +- ``` + b + + + ``` +- c +. +<ul> +<li>a</li> +<li> +<pre><code>b + + +</code></pre> +</li> +<li>c</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<p>This is a tight list, because the blank line is between two +paragraphs of a sublist. So the sublist is loose while +the outer list is tight:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">- a + - b + + c +- d +. +<ul> +<li>a +<ul> +<li> +<p>b</p> +<p>c</p> +</li> +</ul> +</li> +<li>d</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<p>This is a tight list, because the blank line is inside the +block quote:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">* a + > b + > +* c +. +<ul> +<li>a +<blockquote> +<p>b</p> +</blockquote> +</li> +<li>c</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<p>This list is tight, because the consecutive block elements +are not separated by blank lines:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">- a + > b + ``` + c + ``` +- d +. +<ul> +<li>a +<blockquote> +<p>b</p> +</blockquote> +<pre><code>c +</code></pre> +</li> +<li>d</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<p>A single-paragraph list is tight:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">- a +. +<ul> +<li>a</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">- a + - b +. +<ul> +<li>a +<ul> +<li>b</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<p>This list is loose, because of the blank line between the +two block elements in the list item:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">1. ``` + foo + ``` + + bar +. +<ol> +<li> +<pre><code>foo +</code></pre> +<p>bar</p> +</li> +</ol> +</code></pre> +<p>Here the outer list is loose, the inner list tight:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">* foo + * bar + + baz +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<ul> +<li>bar</li> +</ul> +<p>baz</p> +</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">- a + - b + - c + +- d + - e + - f +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>a</p> +<ul> +<li>b</li> +<li>c</li> +</ul> +</li> +<li> +<p>d</p> +<ul> +<li>e</li> +<li>f</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</code></pre> +<h1>Inlines</h1> +<p>Inlines are parsed sequentially from the beginning of the character +stream to the end (left to right, in left-to-right languages). +Thus, for example, in</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">`hi`lo` +. +<p><code>hi</code>lo`</p> +</code></pre> +<p><code>hi</code> is parsed as code, leaving the backtick at the end as a literal +backtick.</p> +<h2>Code spans</h2> +<p>A <a href="@">backtick string</a> +is a string of one or more backtick characters (<code>`</code>) that is neither +preceded nor followed by a backtick.</p> +<p>A <a href="@">code span</a> begins with a backtick string and ends with +a backtick string of equal length. The contents of the code span are +the characters between these two backtick strings, normalized in the +following ways:</p> +<ul> +<li>First, [line endings] are converted to [spaces].</li> +<li>If the resulting string both begins <em>and</em> ends with a [space] +character, but does not consist entirely of [space] +characters, a single [space] character is removed from the +front and back. This allows you to include code that begins +or ends with backtick characters, which must be separated by +whitespace from the opening or closing backtick strings.</li> +</ul> +<p>This is a simple code span:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">`foo` +. +<p><code>foo</code></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Here two backticks are used, because the code contains a backtick. +This example also illustrates stripping of a single leading and +trailing space:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">`` foo ` bar `` +. +<p><code>foo ` bar</code></p> +</code></pre> +<p>This example shows the motivation for stripping leading and trailing +spaces:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">` `` ` +. +<p><code>``</code></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Note that only <em>one</em> space is stripped:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">` `` ` +. +<p><code> `` </code></p> +</code></pre> +<p>The stripping only happens if the space is on both +sides of the string:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">` a` +. +<p><code> a</code></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Only [spaces], and not [unicode whitespace] in general, are +stripped in this way:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">` b ` +. +<p><code> b </code></p> +</code></pre> +<p>No stripping occurs if the code span contains only spaces:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">` ` +` ` +. +<p><code> </code> +<code> </code></p> +</code></pre> +<p>[Line endings] are treated like spaces:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">`` +foo +bar +baz +`` +. +<p><code>foo bar baz</code></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">`` +foo +`` +. +<p><code>foo </code></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Interior spaces are not collapsed:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">`foo bar +baz` +. +<p><code>foo bar baz</code></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Note that browsers will typically collapse consecutive spaces +when rendering <code><code></code> elements, so it is recommended that +the following CSS be used:</p> +<pre><code>code{white-space: pre-wrap;} +</code></pre> +<p>Note that backslash escapes do not work in code spans. All backslashes +are treated literally:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">`foo\`bar` +. +<p><code>foo\</code>bar`</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Backslash escapes are never needed, because one can always choose a +string of <em>n</em> backtick characters as delimiters, where the code does +not contain any strings of exactly <em>n</em> backtick characters.</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">``foo`bar`` +. +<p><code>foo`bar</code></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">` foo `` bar ` +. +<p><code>foo `` bar</code></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Code span backticks have higher precedence than any other inline +constructs except HTML tags and autolinks. Thus, for example, this is +not parsed as emphasized text, since the second <code>*</code> is part of a code +span:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">*foo`*` +. +<p>*foo<code>*</code></p> +</code></pre> +<p>And this is not parsed as a link:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[not a `link](/foo`) +. +<p>[not a <code>link](/foo</code>)</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Code spans, HTML tags, and autolinks have the same precedence. +Thus, this is code:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">`<a href="`">` +. +<p><code>&lt;a href=&quot;</code>&quot;&gt;`</p> +</code></pre> +<p>But this is an HTML tag:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><a href="`">` +. +<p><a href="`">`</p> +</code></pre> +<p>And this is code:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">`<http://foo.bar.`baz>` +. +<p><code>&lt;http://foo.bar.</code>baz&gt;`</p> +</code></pre> +<p>But this is an autolink:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><http://foo.bar.`baz>` +. +<p><a href="http://foo.bar.%60baz">http://foo.bar.`baz</a>`</p> +</code></pre> +<p>When a backtick string is not closed by a matching backtick string, +we just have literal backticks:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">```foo`` +. +<p>```foo``</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">`foo +. +<p>`foo</p> +</code></pre> +<p>The following case also illustrates the need for opening and +closing backtick strings to be equal in length:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">`foo``bar`` +. +<p>`foo<code>bar</code></p> +</code></pre> +<h2>Emphasis and strong emphasis</h2> +<p>John Gruber's original <a href="http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax#em">Markdown syntax +description</a> says:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>Markdown treats asterisks (<code>*</code>) and underscores (<code>_</code>) as indicators of +emphasis. Text wrapped with one <code>*</code> or <code>_</code> will be wrapped with an HTML +<code><em></code> tag; double <code>*</code>'s or <code>_</code>'s will be wrapped with an HTML <code><strong></code> +tag.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This is enough for most users, but these rules leave much undecided, +especially when it comes to nested emphasis. The original +<code>Markdown.pl</code> test suite makes it clear that triple <code>***</code> and +<code>___</code> delimiters can be used for strong emphasis, and most +implementations have also allowed the following patterns:</p> +<pre><code class="language-markdown">***strong emph*** +***strong** in emph* +***emph* in strong** +**in strong *emph*** +*in emph **strong*** +</code></pre> +<p>The following patterns are less widely supported, but the intent +is clear and they are useful (especially in contexts like bibliography +entries):</p> +<pre><code class="language-markdown">*emph *with emph* in it* +**strong **with strong** in it** +</code></pre> +<p>Many implementations have also restricted intraword emphasis to +the <code>*</code> forms, to avoid unwanted emphasis in words containing +internal underscores. (It is best practice to put these in code +spans, but users often do not.)</p> +<pre><code class="language-markdown">internal emphasis: foo*bar*baz +no emphasis: foo_bar_baz +</code></pre> +<p>The rules given below capture all of these patterns, while allowing +for efficient parsing strategies that do not backtrack.</p> +<p>First, some definitions. A <a href="@">delimiter run</a> is either +a sequence of one or more <code>*</code> characters that is not preceded or +followed by a non-backslash-escaped <code>*</code> character, or a sequence +of one or more <code>_</code> characters that is not preceded or followed by +a non-backslash-escaped <code>_</code> character.</p> +<p>A <a href="@">left-flanking delimiter run</a> is +a [delimiter run] that is (1) not followed by [Unicode whitespace], +and either (2a) not followed by a [Unicode punctuation character], or +(2b) followed by a [Unicode punctuation character] and +preceded by [Unicode whitespace] or a [Unicode punctuation character]. +For purposes of this definition, the beginning and the end of +the line count as Unicode whitespace.</p> +<p>A <a href="@">right-flanking delimiter run</a> is +a [delimiter run] that is (1) not preceded by [Unicode whitespace], +and either (2a) not preceded by a [Unicode punctuation character], or +(2b) preceded by a [Unicode punctuation character] and +followed by [Unicode whitespace] or a [Unicode punctuation character]. +For purposes of this definition, the beginning and the end of +the line count as Unicode whitespace.</p> +<p>Here are some examples of delimiter runs.</p> +<ul> +<li> +<p>left-flanking but not right-flanking:</p> +<pre><code>***abc + _abc +**"abc" + _"abc" +</code></pre> +</li> +<li> +<p>right-flanking but not left-flanking:</p> +<pre><code> abc*** + abc_ +"abc"** +"abc"_ +</code></pre> +</li> +<li> +<p>Both left and right-flanking:</p> +<pre><code> abc***def +"abc"_"def" +</code></pre> +</li> +<li> +<p>Neither left nor right-flanking:</p> +<pre><code>abc *** def +a _ b +</code></pre> +</li> +</ul> +<p>(The idea of distinguishing left-flanking and right-flanking +delimiter runs based on the character before and the character +after comes from Roopesh Chander's +<a href="http://www.vfmd.org/vfmd-spec/specification/#procedure-for-identifying-emphasis-tags">vfmd</a>. +vfmd uses the terminology "emphasis indicator string" instead of "delimiter +run," and its rules for distinguishing left- and right-flanking runs +are a bit more complex than the ones given here.)</p> +<p>The following rules define emphasis and strong emphasis:</p> +<ol> +<li> +<p>A single <code>*</code> character <a href="@">can open emphasis</a> +iff (if and only if) it is part of a [left-flanking delimiter run].</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>A single <code>_</code> character [can open emphasis] iff +it is part of a [left-flanking delimiter run] +and either (a) not part of a [right-flanking delimiter run] +or (b) part of a [right-flanking delimiter run] +preceded by a [Unicode punctuation character].</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>A single <code>*</code> character <a href="@">can close emphasis</a> +iff it is part of a [right-flanking delimiter run].</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>A single <code>_</code> character [can close emphasis] iff +it is part of a [right-flanking delimiter run] +and either (a) not part of a [left-flanking delimiter run] +or (b) part of a [left-flanking delimiter run] +followed by a [Unicode punctuation character].</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>A double <code>**</code> <a href="@">can open strong emphasis</a> +iff it is part of a [left-flanking delimiter run].</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>A double <code>__</code> [can open strong emphasis] iff +it is part of a [left-flanking delimiter run] +and either (a) not part of a [right-flanking delimiter run] +or (b) part of a [right-flanking delimiter run] +preceded by a [Unicode punctuation character].</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>A double <code>**</code> <a href="@">can close strong emphasis</a> +iff it is part of a [right-flanking delimiter run].</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>A double <code>__</code> [can close strong emphasis] iff +it is part of a [right-flanking delimiter run] +and either (a) not part of a [left-flanking delimiter run] +or (b) part of a [left-flanking delimiter run] +followed by a [Unicode punctuation character].</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>Emphasis begins with a delimiter that [can open emphasis] and ends +with a delimiter that [can close emphasis], and that uses the same +character (<code>_</code> or <code>*</code>) as the opening delimiter. The +opening and closing delimiters must belong to separate +[delimiter runs]. If one of the delimiters can both +open and close emphasis, then the sum of the lengths of the +delimiter runs containing the opening and closing delimiters +must not be a multiple of 3 unless both lengths are +multiples of 3.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>Strong emphasis begins with a delimiter that +[can open strong emphasis] and ends with a delimiter that +[can close strong emphasis], and that uses the same character +(<code>_</code> or <code>*</code>) as the opening delimiter. The +opening and closing delimiters must belong to separate +[delimiter runs]. If one of the delimiters can both open +and close strong emphasis, then the sum of the lengths of +the delimiter runs containing the opening and closing +delimiters must not be a multiple of 3 unless both lengths +are multiples of 3.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>A literal <code>*</code> character cannot occur at the beginning or end of +<code>*</code>-delimited emphasis or <code>**</code>-delimited strong emphasis, unless it +is backslash-escaped.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>A literal <code>_</code> character cannot occur at the beginning or end of +<code>_</code>-delimited emphasis or <code>__</code>-delimited strong emphasis, unless it +is backslash-escaped.</p> +</li> +</ol> +<p>Where rules 1--12 above are compatible with multiple parsings, +the following principles resolve ambiguity:</p> +<ol start="13"> +<li> +<p>The number of nestings should be minimized. Thus, for example, +an interpretation <code><strong>...</strong></code> is always preferred to +<code><em><em>...</em></em></code>.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>An interpretation <code><em><strong>...</strong></em></code> is always +preferred to <code><strong><em>...</em></strong></code>.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>When two potential emphasis or strong emphasis spans overlap, +so that the second begins before the first ends and ends after +the first ends, the first takes precedence. Thus, for example, +<code>*foo _bar* baz_</code> is parsed as <code><em>foo _bar</em> baz_</code> rather +than <code>*foo <em>bar* baz</em></code>.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>When there are two potential emphasis or strong emphasis spans +with the same closing delimiter, the shorter one (the one that +opens later) takes precedence. Thus, for example, +<code>**foo **bar baz**</code> is parsed as <code>**foo <strong>bar baz</strong></code> +rather than <code><strong>foo **bar baz</strong></code>.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>Inline code spans, links, images, and HTML tags group more tightly +than emphasis. So, when there is a choice between an interpretation +that contains one of these elements and one that does not, the +former always wins. Thus, for example, <code>*[foo*](bar)</code> is +parsed as <code>*<a href="bar">foo*</a></code> rather than as +<code><em>[foo</em>](bar)</code>.</p> +</li> +</ol> +<p>These rules can be illustrated through a series of examples.</p> +<p>Rule 1:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">*foo bar* +. +<p><em>foo bar</em></p> +</code></pre> +<p>This is not emphasis, because the opening <code>*</code> is followed by +whitespace, and hence not part of a [left-flanking delimiter run]:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">a * foo bar* +. +<p>a * foo bar*</p> +</code></pre> +<p>This is not emphasis, because the opening <code>*</code> is preceded +by an alphanumeric and followed by punctuation, and hence +not part of a [left-flanking delimiter run]:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">a*"foo"* +. +<p>a*&quot;foo&quot;*</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Unicode nonbreaking spaces count as whitespace, too:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">* a * +. +<p>* a *</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Intraword emphasis with <code>*</code> is permitted:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo*bar* +. +<p>foo<em>bar</em></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">5*6*78 +. +<p>5<em>6</em>78</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Rule 2:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">_foo bar_ +. +<p><em>foo bar</em></p> +</code></pre> +<p>This is not emphasis, because the opening <code>_</code> is followed by +whitespace:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">_ foo bar_ +. +<p>_ foo bar_</p> +</code></pre> +<p>This is not emphasis, because the opening <code>_</code> is preceded +by an alphanumeric and followed by punctuation:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">a_"foo"_ +. +<p>a_&quot;foo&quot;_</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Emphasis with <code>_</code> is not allowed inside words:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo_bar_ +. +<p>foo_bar_</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">5_6_78 +. +<p>5_6_78</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">пристаням_стремятся_ +. +<p>пристаням_стремятся_</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Here <code>_</code> does not generate emphasis, because the first delimiter run +is right-flanking and the second left-flanking:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">aa_"bb"_cc +. +<p>aa_&quot;bb&quot;_cc</p> +</code></pre> +<p>This is emphasis, even though the opening delimiter is +both left- and right-flanking, because it is preceded by +punctuation:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo-_(bar)_ +. +<p>foo-<em>(bar)</em></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Rule 3:</p> +<p>This is not emphasis, because the closing delimiter does +not match the opening delimiter:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">_foo* +. +<p>_foo*</p> +</code></pre> +<p>This is not emphasis, because the closing <code>*</code> is preceded by +whitespace:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">*foo bar * +. +<p>*foo bar *</p> +</code></pre> +<p>A line ending also counts as whitespace:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">*foo bar +* +. +<p>*foo bar +*</p> +</code></pre> +<p>This is not emphasis, because the second <code>*</code> is +preceded by punctuation and followed by an alphanumeric +(hence it is not part of a [right-flanking delimiter run]:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">*(*foo) +. +<p>*(*foo)</p> +</code></pre> +<p>The point of this restriction is more easily appreciated +with this example:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">*(*foo*)* +. +<p><em>(<em>foo</em>)</em></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Intraword emphasis with <code>*</code> is allowed:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">*foo*bar +. +<p><em>foo</em>bar</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Rule 4:</p> +<p>This is not emphasis, because the closing <code>_</code> is preceded by +whitespace:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">_foo bar _ +. +<p>_foo bar _</p> +</code></pre> +<p>This is not emphasis, because the second <code>_</code> is +preceded by punctuation and followed by an alphanumeric:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">_(_foo) +. +<p>_(_foo)</p> +</code></pre> +<p>This is emphasis within emphasis:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">_(_foo_)_ +. +<p><em>(<em>foo</em>)</em></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Intraword emphasis is disallowed for <code>_</code>:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">_foo_bar +. +<p>_foo_bar</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">_пристаням_стремятся +. +<p>_пристаням_стремятся</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">_foo_bar_baz_ +. +<p><em>foo_bar_baz</em></p> +</code></pre> +<p>This is emphasis, even though the closing delimiter is +both left- and right-flanking, because it is followed by +punctuation:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">_(bar)_. +. +<p><em>(bar)</em>.</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Rule 5:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">**foo bar** +. +<p><strong>foo bar</strong></p> +</code></pre> +<p>This is not strong emphasis, because the opening delimiter is +followed by whitespace:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">** foo bar** +. +<p>** foo bar**</p> +</code></pre> +<p>This is not strong emphasis, because the opening <code>**</code> is preceded +by an alphanumeric and followed by punctuation, and hence +not part of a [left-flanking delimiter run]:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">a**"foo"** +. +<p>a**&quot;foo&quot;**</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Intraword strong emphasis with <code>**</code> is permitted:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo**bar** +. +<p>foo<strong>bar</strong></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Rule 6:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">__foo bar__ +. +<p><strong>foo bar</strong></p> +</code></pre> +<p>This is not strong emphasis, because the opening delimiter is +followed by whitespace:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">__ foo bar__ +. +<p>__ foo bar__</p> +</code></pre> +<p>A line ending counts as whitespace:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">__ +foo bar__ +. +<p>__ +foo bar__</p> +</code></pre> +<p>This is not strong emphasis, because the opening <code>__</code> is preceded +by an alphanumeric and followed by punctuation:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">a__"foo"__ +. +<p>a__&quot;foo&quot;__</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Intraword strong emphasis is forbidden with <code>__</code>:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo__bar__ +. +<p>foo__bar__</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">5__6__78 +. +<p>5__6__78</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">пристаням__стремятся__ +. +<p>пристаням__стремятся__</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">__foo, __bar__, baz__ +. +<p><strong>foo, <strong>bar</strong>, baz</strong></p> +</code></pre> +<p>This is strong emphasis, even though the opening delimiter is +both left- and right-flanking, because it is preceded by +punctuation:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo-__(bar)__ +. +<p>foo-<strong>(bar)</strong></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Rule 7:</p> +<p>This is not strong emphasis, because the closing delimiter is preceded +by whitespace:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">**foo bar ** +. +<p>**foo bar **</p> +</code></pre> +<p>(Nor can it be interpreted as an emphasized <code>*foo bar *</code>, because of +Rule 11.)</p> +<p>This is not strong emphasis, because the second <code>**</code> is +preceded by punctuation and followed by an alphanumeric:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">**(**foo) +. +<p>**(**foo)</p> +</code></pre> +<p>The point of this restriction is more easily appreciated +with these examples:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">*(**foo**)* +. +<p><em>(<strong>foo</strong>)</em></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">**Gomphocarpus (*Gomphocarpus physocarpus*, syn. +*Asclepias physocarpa*)** +. +<p><strong>Gomphocarpus (<em>Gomphocarpus physocarpus</em>, syn. +<em>Asclepias physocarpa</em>)</strong></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">**foo "*bar*" foo** +. +<p><strong>foo &quot;<em>bar</em>&quot; foo</strong></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Intraword emphasis:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">**foo**bar +. +<p><strong>foo</strong>bar</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Rule 8:</p> +<p>This is not strong emphasis, because the closing delimiter is +preceded by whitespace:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">__foo bar __ +. +<p>__foo bar __</p> +</code></pre> +<p>This is not strong emphasis, because the second <code>__</code> is +preceded by punctuation and followed by an alphanumeric:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">__(__foo) +. +<p>__(__foo)</p> +</code></pre> +<p>The point of this restriction is more easily appreciated +with this example:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">_(__foo__)_ +. +<p><em>(<strong>foo</strong>)</em></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Intraword strong emphasis is forbidden with <code>__</code>:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">__foo__bar +. +<p>__foo__bar</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">__пристаням__стремятся +. +<p>__пристаням__стремятся</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">__foo__bar__baz__ +. +<p><strong>foo__bar__baz</strong></p> +</code></pre> +<p>This is strong emphasis, even though the closing delimiter is +both left- and right-flanking, because it is followed by +punctuation:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">__(bar)__. +. +<p><strong>(bar)</strong>.</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Rule 9:</p> +<p>Any nonempty sequence of inline elements can be the contents of an +emphasized span.</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">*foo [bar](/url)* +. +<p><em>foo <a href="/url">bar</a></em></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">*foo +bar* +. +<p><em>foo +bar</em></p> +</code></pre> +<p>In particular, emphasis and strong emphasis can be nested +inside emphasis:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">_foo __bar__ baz_ +. +<p><em>foo <strong>bar</strong> baz</em></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">_foo _bar_ baz_ +. +<p><em>foo <em>bar</em> baz</em></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">__foo_ bar_ +. +<p><em><em>foo</em> bar</em></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">*foo *bar** +. +<p><em>foo <em>bar</em></em></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">*foo **bar** baz* +. +<p><em>foo <strong>bar</strong> baz</em></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">*foo**bar**baz* +. +<p><em>foo<strong>bar</strong>baz</em></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Note that in the preceding case, the interpretation</p> +<pre><code class="language-markdown"><p><em>foo</em><em>bar<em></em>baz</em></p> +</code></pre> +<p>is precluded by the condition that a delimiter that +can both open and close (like the <code>*</code> after <code>foo</code>) +cannot form emphasis if the sum of the lengths of +the delimiter runs containing the opening and +closing delimiters is a multiple of 3 unless +both lengths are multiples of 3.</p> +<p>For the same reason, we don't get two consecutive +emphasis sections in this example:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">*foo**bar* +. +<p><em>foo**bar</em></p> +</code></pre> +<p>The same condition ensures that the following +cases are all strong emphasis nested inside +emphasis, even when the interior whitespace is +omitted:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">***foo** bar* +. +<p><em><strong>foo</strong> bar</em></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">*foo **bar*** +. +<p><em>foo <strong>bar</strong></em></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">*foo**bar*** +. +<p><em>foo<strong>bar</strong></em></p> +</code></pre> +<p>When the lengths of the interior closing and opening +delimiter runs are <em>both</em> multiples of 3, though, +they can match to create emphasis:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo***bar***baz +. +<p>foo<em><strong>bar</strong></em>baz</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo******bar*********baz +. +<p>foo<strong><strong><strong>bar</strong></strong></strong>***baz</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Indefinite levels of nesting are possible:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">*foo **bar *baz* bim** bop* +. +<p><em>foo <strong>bar <em>baz</em> bim</strong> bop</em></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">*foo [*bar*](/url)* +. +<p><em>foo <a href="/url"><em>bar</em></a></em></p> +</code></pre> +<p>There can be no empty emphasis or strong emphasis:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">** is not an empty emphasis +. +<p>** is not an empty emphasis</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">**** is not an empty strong emphasis +. +<p>**** is not an empty strong emphasis</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Rule 10:</p> +<p>Any nonempty sequence of inline elements can be the contents of an +strongly emphasized span.</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">**foo [bar](/url)** +. +<p><strong>foo <a href="/url">bar</a></strong></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">**foo +bar** +. +<p><strong>foo +bar</strong></p> +</code></pre> +<p>In particular, emphasis and strong emphasis can be nested +inside strong emphasis:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">__foo _bar_ baz__ +. +<p><strong>foo <em>bar</em> baz</strong></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">__foo __bar__ baz__ +. +<p><strong>foo <strong>bar</strong> baz</strong></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">____foo__ bar__ +. +<p><strong><strong>foo</strong> bar</strong></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">**foo **bar**** +. +<p><strong>foo <strong>bar</strong></strong></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">**foo *bar* baz** +. +<p><strong>foo <em>bar</em> baz</strong></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">**foo*bar*baz** +. +<p><strong>foo<em>bar</em>baz</strong></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">***foo* bar** +. +<p><strong><em>foo</em> bar</strong></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">**foo *bar*** +. +<p><strong>foo <em>bar</em></strong></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Indefinite levels of nesting are possible:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">**foo *bar **baz** +bim* bop** +. +<p><strong>foo <em>bar <strong>baz</strong> +bim</em> bop</strong></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">**foo [*bar*](/url)** +. +<p><strong>foo <a href="/url"><em>bar</em></a></strong></p> +</code></pre> +<p>There can be no empty emphasis or strong emphasis:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">__ is not an empty emphasis +. +<p>__ is not an empty emphasis</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">____ is not an empty strong emphasis +. +<p>____ is not an empty strong emphasis</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Rule 11:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo *** +. +<p>foo ***</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo *\** +. +<p>foo <em>*</em></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo *_* +. +<p>foo <em>_</em></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo ***** +. +<p>foo *****</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo **\*** +. +<p>foo <strong>*</strong></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo **_** +. +<p>foo <strong>_</strong></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Note that when delimiters do not match evenly, Rule 11 determines +that the excess literal <code>*</code> characters will appear outside of the +emphasis, rather than inside it:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">**foo* +. +<p>*<em>foo</em></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">*foo** +. +<p><em>foo</em>*</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">***foo** +. +<p>*<strong>foo</strong></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">****foo* +. +<p>***<em>foo</em></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">**foo*** +. +<p><strong>foo</strong>*</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">*foo**** +. +<p><em>foo</em>***</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Rule 12:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo ___ +. +<p>foo ___</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo _\__ +. +<p>foo <em>_</em></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo _*_ +. +<p>foo <em>*</em></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo _____ +. +<p>foo _____</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo __\___ +. +<p>foo <strong>_</strong></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo __*__ +. +<p>foo <strong>*</strong></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">__foo_ +. +<p>_<em>foo</em></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Note that when delimiters do not match evenly, Rule 12 determines +that the excess literal <code>_</code> characters will appear outside of the +emphasis, rather than inside it:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">_foo__ +. +<p><em>foo</em>_</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">___foo__ +. +<p>_<strong>foo</strong></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">____foo_ +. +<p>___<em>foo</em></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">__foo___ +. +<p><strong>foo</strong>_</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">_foo____ +. +<p><em>foo</em>___</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Rule 13 implies that if you want emphasis nested directly inside +emphasis, you must use different delimiters:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">**foo** +. +<p><strong>foo</strong></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">*_foo_* +. +<p><em><em>foo</em></em></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">__foo__ +. +<p><strong>foo</strong></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">_*foo*_ +. +<p><em><em>foo</em></em></p> +</code></pre> +<p>However, strong emphasis within strong emphasis is possible without +switching delimiters:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">****foo**** +. +<p><strong><strong>foo</strong></strong></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">____foo____ +. +<p><strong><strong>foo</strong></strong></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Rule 13 can be applied to arbitrarily long sequences of +delimiters:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">******foo****** +. +<p><strong><strong><strong>foo</strong></strong></strong></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Rule 14:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">***foo*** +. +<p><em><strong>foo</strong></em></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">_____foo_____ +. +<p><em><strong><strong>foo</strong></strong></em></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Rule 15:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">*foo _bar* baz_ +. +<p><em>foo _bar</em> baz_</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">*foo __bar *baz bim__ bam* +. +<p><em>foo <strong>bar *baz bim</strong> bam</em></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Rule 16:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">**foo **bar baz** +. +<p>**foo <strong>bar baz</strong></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">*foo *bar baz* +. +<p>*foo <em>bar baz</em></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Rule 17:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">*[bar*](/url) +. +<p>*<a href="/url">bar*</a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">_foo [bar_](/url) +. +<p>_foo <a href="/url">bar_</a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">*<img src="foo" title="*"/> +. +<p>*<img src="foo" title="*"/></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">**<a href="**"> +. +<p>**<a href="**"></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">__<a href="__"> +. +<p>__<a href="__"></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">*a `*`* +. +<p><em>a <code>*</code></em></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">_a `_`_ +. +<p><em>a <code>_</code></em></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">**a<http://foo.bar/?q=**> +. +<p>**a<a href="http://foo.bar/?q=**">http://foo.bar/?q=**</a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">__a<http://foo.bar/?q=__> +. +<p>__a<a href="http://foo.bar/?q=__">http://foo.bar/?q=__</a></p> +</code></pre> +<h2>Links</h2> +<p>A link contains [link text] (the visible text), a [link destination] +(the URI that is the link destination), and optionally a [link title]. +There are two basic kinds of links in Markdown. In [inline links] the +destination and title are given immediately after the link text. In +[reference links] the destination and title are defined elsewhere in +the document.</p> +<p>A <a href="@">link text</a> consists of a sequence of zero or more +inline elements enclosed by square brackets (<code>[</code> and <code>]</code>). The +following rules apply:</p> +<ul> +<li> +<p>Links may not contain other links, at any level of nesting. If +multiple otherwise valid link definitions appear nested inside each +other, the inner-most definition is used.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>Brackets are allowed in the [link text] only if (a) they +are backslash-escaped or (b) they appear as a matched pair of brackets, +with an open bracket <code>[</code>, a sequence of zero or more inlines, and +a close bracket <code>]</code>.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>Backtick [code spans], [autolinks], and raw [HTML tags] bind more tightly +than the brackets in link text. Thus, for example, +<code>[foo`]`</code> could not be a link text, since the second <code>]</code> +is part of a code span.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>The brackets in link text bind more tightly than markers for +[emphasis and strong emphasis]. Thus, for example, <code>*[foo*](url)</code> is a link.</p> +</li> +</ul> +<p>A <a href="@">link destination</a> consists of either</p> +<ul> +<li> +<p>a sequence of zero or more characters between an opening <code><</code> and a +closing <code>></code> that contains no line endings or unescaped +<code><</code> or <code>></code> characters, or</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>a nonempty sequence of characters that does not start with <code><</code>, +does not include [ASCII control characters][ASCII control character] +or [space] character, and includes parentheses only if (a) they are +backslash-escaped or (b) they are part of a balanced pair of +unescaped parentheses. +(Implementations may impose limits on parentheses nesting to +avoid performance issues, but at least three levels of nesting +should be supported.)</p> +</li> +</ul> +<p>A <a href="@">link title</a> consists of either</p> +<ul> +<li> +<p>a sequence of zero or more characters between straight double-quote +characters (<code>"</code>), including a <code>"</code> character only if it is +backslash-escaped, or</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>a sequence of zero or more characters between straight single-quote +characters (<code>'</code>), including a <code>'</code> character only if it is +backslash-escaped, or</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>a sequence of zero or more characters between matching parentheses +(<code>(...)</code>), including a <code>(</code> or <code>)</code> character only if it is +backslash-escaped.</p> +</li> +</ul> +<p>Although [link titles] may span multiple lines, they may not contain +a [blank line].</p> +<p>An <a href="@">inline link</a> consists of a [link text] followed immediately +by a left parenthesis <code>(</code>, an optional [link destination], an optional +[link title], and a right parenthesis <code>)</code>. +These four components may be separated by spaces, tabs, and up to one line +ending. +If both [link destination] and [link title] are present, they <em>must</em> be +separated by spaces, tabs, and up to one line ending.</p> +<p>The link's text consists of the inlines contained +in the [link text] (excluding the enclosing square brackets). +The link's URI consists of the link destination, excluding enclosing +<code><...></code> if present, with backslash-escapes in effect as described +above. The link's title consists of the link title, excluding its +enclosing delimiters, with backslash-escapes in effect as described +above.</p> +<p>Here is a simple inline link:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[link](/uri "title") +. +<p><a href="/uri" title="title">link</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>The title, the link text and even +the destination may be omitted:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[link](/uri) +. +<p><a href="/uri">link</a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[](./target.md) +. +<p><a href="./target.md"></a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[link]() +. +<p><a href="">link</a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[link](<>) +. +<p><a href="">link</a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[]() +. +<p><a href=""></a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>The destination can only contain spaces if it is +enclosed in pointy brackets:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[link](/my uri) +. +<p>[link](/my uri)</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[link](</my uri>) +. +<p><a href="/my%20uri">link</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>The destination cannot contain line endings, +even if enclosed in pointy brackets:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[link](foo +bar) +. +<p>[link](foo +bar)</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[link](<foo +bar>) +. +<p>[link](<foo +bar>)</p> +</code></pre> +<p>The destination can contain <code>)</code> if it is enclosed +in pointy brackets:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[a](<b)c>) +. +<p><a href="b)c">a</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Pointy brackets that enclose links must be unescaped:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[link](<foo\>) +. +<p>[link](&lt;foo&gt;)</p> +</code></pre> +<p>These are not links, because the opening pointy bracket +is not matched properly:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[a](<b)c +[a](<b)c> +[a](<b>c) +. +<p>[a](&lt;b)c +[a](&lt;b)c&gt; +[a](<b>c)</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Parentheses inside the link destination may be escaped:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[link](\(foo\)) +. +<p><a href="(foo)">link</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Any number of parentheses are allowed without escaping, as long as they are +balanced:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[link](foo(and(bar))) +. +<p><a href="foo(and(bar))">link</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>However, if you have unbalanced parentheses, you need to escape or use the +<code><...></code> form:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[link](foo(and(bar)) +. +<p>[link](foo(and(bar))</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[link](foo\(and\(bar\)) +. +<p><a href="foo(and(bar)">link</a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[link](<foo(and(bar)>) +. +<p><a href="foo(and(bar)">link</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Parentheses and other symbols can also be escaped, as usual +in Markdown:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[link](foo\)\:) +. +<p><a href="foo):">link</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>A link can contain fragment identifiers and queries:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[link](#fragment) + +[link](http://example.com#fragment) + +[link](http://example.com?foo=3#frag) +. +<p><a href="#fragment">link</a></p> +<p><a href="http://example.com#fragment">link</a></p> +<p><a href="http://example.com?foo=3#frag">link</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Note that a backslash before a non-escapable character is +just a backslash:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[link](foo\bar) +. +<p><a href="foo%5Cbar">link</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>URL-escaping should be left alone inside the destination, as all +URL-escaped characters are also valid URL characters. Entity and +numerical character references in the destination will be parsed +into the corresponding Unicode code points, as usual. These may +be optionally URL-escaped when written as HTML, but this spec +does not enforce any particular policy for rendering URLs in +HTML or other formats. Renderers may make different decisions +about how to escape or normalize URLs in the output.</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[link](foo%20b&auml;) +. +<p><a href="foo%20b%C3%A4">link</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Note that, because titles can often be parsed as destinations, +if you try to omit the destination and keep the title, you'll +get unexpected results:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[link]("title") +. +<p><a href="%22title%22">link</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Titles may be in single quotes, double quotes, or parentheses:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[link](/url "title") +[link](/url 'title') +[link](/url (title)) +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title">link</a> +<a href="/url" title="title">link</a> +<a href="/url" title="title">link</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Backslash escapes and entity and numeric character references +may be used in titles:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[link](/url "title \"&quot;") +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title &quot;&quot;">link</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Titles must be separated from the link using spaces, tabs, and up to one line +ending. +Other [Unicode whitespace] like non-breaking space doesn't work.</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[link](/url "title") +. +<p><a href="/url%C2%A0%22title%22">link</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Nested balanced quotes are not allowed without escaping:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[link](/url "title "and" title") +. +<p>[link](/url &quot;title &quot;and&quot; title&quot;)</p> +</code></pre> +<p>But it is easy to work around this by using a different quote type:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[link](/url 'title "and" title') +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title &quot;and&quot; title">link</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>(Note: <code>Markdown.pl</code> did allow double quotes inside a double-quoted +title, and its test suite included a test demonstrating this. +But it is hard to see a good rationale for the extra complexity this +brings, since there are already many ways---backslash escaping, +entity and numeric character references, or using a different +quote type for the enclosing title---to write titles containing +double quotes. <code>Markdown.pl</code>'s handling of titles has a number +of other strange features. For example, it allows single-quoted +titles in inline links, but not reference links. And, in +reference links but not inline links, it allows a title to begin +with <code>"</code> and end with <code>)</code>. <code>Markdown.pl</code> 1.0.1 even allows +titles with no closing quotation mark, though 1.0.2b8 does not. +It seems preferable to adopt a simple, rational rule that works +the same way in inline links and link reference definitions.)</p> +<p>Spaces, tabs, and up to one line ending is allowed around the destination and +title:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[link]( /uri + "title" ) +. +<p><a href="/uri" title="title">link</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>But it is not allowed between the link text and the +following parenthesis:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[link] (/uri) +. +<p>[link] (/uri)</p> +</code></pre> +<p>The link text may contain balanced brackets, but not unbalanced ones, +unless they are escaped:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[link [foo [bar]]](/uri) +. +<p><a href="/uri">link [foo [bar]]</a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[link] bar](/uri) +. +<p>[link] bar](/uri)</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[link [bar](/uri) +. +<p>[link <a href="/uri">bar</a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[link \[bar](/uri) +. +<p><a href="/uri">link [bar</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>The link text may contain inline content:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[link *foo **bar** `#`*](/uri) +. +<p><a href="/uri">link <em>foo <strong>bar</strong> <code>#</code></em></a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[](/uri) +. +<p><a href="/uri"><img src="moon.jpg" alt="moon" /></a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>However, links may not contain other links, at any level of nesting.</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo [bar](/uri)](/uri) +. +<p>[foo <a href="/uri">bar</a>](/uri)</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo *[bar [baz](/uri)](/uri)*](/uri) +. +<p>[foo <em>[bar <a href="/uri">baz</a>](/uri)</em>](/uri)</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">](uri2)](uri3) +. +<p><img src="uri3" alt="[foo](uri2)" /></p> +</code></pre> +<p>These cases illustrate the precedence of link text grouping over +emphasis grouping:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">*[foo*](/uri) +. +<p>*<a href="/uri">foo*</a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo *bar](baz*) +. +<p><a href="baz*">foo *bar</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Note that brackets that <em>aren't</em> part of links do not take +precedence:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">*foo [bar* baz] +. +<p><em>foo [bar</em> baz]</p> +</code></pre> +<p>These cases illustrate the precedence of HTML tags, code spans, +and autolinks over link grouping:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo <bar attr="](baz)"> +. +<p>[foo <bar attr="](baz)"></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo`](/uri)` +. +<p>[foo<code>](/uri)</code></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo<http://example.com/?search=](uri)> +. +<p>[foo<a href="http://example.com/?search=%5D(uri)">http://example.com/?search=](uri)</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>There are three kinds of <a href="@">reference link</a>s: +<a href="#full-reference-link">full</a>, <a href="#collapsed-reference-link">collapsed</a>, +and <a href="#shortcut-reference-link">shortcut</a>.</p> +<p>A <a href="@">full reference link</a> +consists of a [link text] immediately followed by a [link label] +that [matches] a [link reference definition] elsewhere in the document.</p> +<p>A <a href="@">link label</a> begins with a left bracket (<code>[</code>) and ends +with the first right bracket (<code>]</code>) that is not backslash-escaped. +Between these brackets there must be at least one character that is not a space, +tab, or line ending. +Unescaped square bracket characters are not allowed inside the +opening and closing square brackets of [link labels]. A link +label can have at most 999 characters inside the square +brackets.</p> +<p>One label <a href="@">matches</a> +another just in case their normalized forms are equal. To normalize a +label, strip off the opening and closing brackets, +perform the <em>Unicode case fold</em>, strip leading and trailing +spaces, tabs, and line endings, and collapse consecutive internal +spaces, tabs, and line endings to a single space. If there are multiple +matching reference link definitions, the one that comes first in the +document is used. (It is desirable in such cases to emit a warning.)</p> +<p>The link's URI and title are provided by the matching [link +reference definition].</p> +<p>Here is a simple example:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo][bar] + +[bar]: /url "title" +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title">foo</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>The rules for the [link text] are the same as with +[inline links]. Thus:</p> +<p>The link text may contain balanced brackets, but not unbalanced ones, +unless they are escaped:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[link [foo [bar]]][ref] + +[ref]: /uri +. +<p><a href="/uri">link [foo [bar]]</a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[link \[bar][ref] + +[ref]: /uri +. +<p><a href="/uri">link [bar</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>The link text may contain inline content:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[link *foo **bar** `#`*][ref] + +[ref]: /uri +. +<p><a href="/uri">link <em>foo <strong>bar</strong> <code>#</code></em></a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[][ref] + +[ref]: /uri +. +<p><a href="/uri"><img src="moon.jpg" alt="moon" /></a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>However, links may not contain other links, at any level of nesting.</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo [bar](/uri)][ref] + +[ref]: /uri +. +<p>[foo <a href="/uri">bar</a>]<a href="/uri">ref</a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo *bar [baz][ref]*][ref] + +[ref]: /uri +. +<p>[foo <em>bar <a href="/uri">baz</a></em>]<a href="/uri">ref</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>(In the examples above, we have two [shortcut reference links] +instead of one [full reference link].)</p> +<p>The following cases illustrate the precedence of link text grouping over +emphasis grouping:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">*[foo*][ref] + +[ref]: /uri +. +<p>*<a href="/uri">foo*</a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo *bar][ref]* + +[ref]: /uri +. +<p><a href="/uri">foo *bar</a>*</p> +</code></pre> +<p>These cases illustrate the precedence of HTML tags, code spans, +and autolinks over link grouping:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo <bar attr="][ref]"> + +[ref]: /uri +. +<p>[foo <bar attr="][ref]"></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo`][ref]` + +[ref]: /uri +. +<p>[foo<code>][ref]</code></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo<http://example.com/?search=][ref]> + +[ref]: /uri +. +<p>[foo<a href="http://example.com/?search=%5D%5Bref%5D">http://example.com/?search=][ref]</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Matching is case-insensitive:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo][BaR] + +[bar]: /url "title" +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title">foo</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Unicode case fold is used:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[ẞ] + +[SS]: /url +. +<p><a href="/url">ẞ</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Consecutive internal spaces, tabs, and line endings are treated as one space for +purposes of determining matching:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[Foo + bar]: /url + +[Baz][Foo bar] +. +<p><a href="/url">Baz</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>No spaces, tabs, or line endings are allowed between the [link text] and the +[link label]:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo] [bar] + +[bar]: /url "title" +. +<p>[foo] <a href="/url" title="title">bar</a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo] +[bar] + +[bar]: /url "title" +. +<p>[foo] +<a href="/url" title="title">bar</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>This is a departure from John Gruber's original Markdown syntax +description, which explicitly allows whitespace between the link +text and the link label. It brings reference links in line with +[inline links], which (according to both original Markdown and +this spec) cannot have whitespace after the link text. More +importantly, it prevents inadvertent capture of consecutive +[shortcut reference links]. If whitespace is allowed between the +link text and the link label, then in the following we will have +a single reference link, not two shortcut reference links, as +intended:</p> +<pre><code class="language-markdown">[foo] +[bar] + +[foo]: /url1 +[bar]: /url2 +</code></pre> +<p>(Note that [shortcut reference links] were introduced by Gruber +himself in a beta version of <code>Markdown.pl</code>, but never included +in the official syntax description. Without shortcut reference +links, it is harmless to allow space between the link text and +link label; but once shortcut references are introduced, it is +too dangerous to allow this, as it frequently leads to +unintended results.)</p> +<p>When there are multiple matching [link reference definitions], +the first is used:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo]: /url1 + +[foo]: /url2 + +[bar][foo] +. +<p><a href="/url1">bar</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Note that matching is performed on normalized strings, not parsed +inline content. So the following does not match, even though the +labels define equivalent inline content:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[bar][foo\!] + +[foo!]: /url +. +<p>[bar][foo!]</p> +</code></pre> +<p>[Link labels] cannot contain brackets, unless they are +backslash-escaped:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo][ref[] + +[ref[]: /uri +. +<p>[foo][ref[]</p> +<p>[ref[]: /uri</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo][ref[bar]] + +[ref[bar]]: /uri +. +<p>[foo][ref[bar]]</p> +<p>[ref[bar]]: /uri</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[[[foo]]] + +[[[foo]]]: /url +. +<p>[[[foo]]]</p> +<p>[[[foo]]]: /url</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo][ref\[] + +[ref\[]: /uri +. +<p><a href="/uri">foo</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Note that in this example <code>]</code> is not backslash-escaped:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[bar\\]: /uri + +[bar\\] +. +<p><a href="/uri">bar\</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>A [link label] must contain at least one character that is not a space, tab, or +line ending:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[] + +[]: /uri +. +<p>[]</p> +<p>[]: /uri</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[ + ] + +[ + ]: /uri +. +<p>[ +]</p> +<p>[ +]: /uri</p> +</code></pre> +<p>A <a href="@">collapsed reference link</a> +consists of a [link label] that [matches] a +[link reference definition] elsewhere in the +document, followed by the string <code>[]</code>. +The contents of the first link label are parsed as inlines, +which are used as the link's text. The link's URI and title are +provided by the matching reference link definition. Thus, +<code>[foo][]</code> is equivalent to <code>[foo][foo]</code>.</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo][] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title">foo</a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[*foo* bar][] + +[*foo* bar]: /url "title" +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title"><em>foo</em> bar</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>The link labels are case-insensitive:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[Foo][] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title">Foo</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>As with full reference links, spaces, tabs, or line endings are not +allowed between the two sets of brackets:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo] +[] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title">foo</a> +[]</p> +</code></pre> +<p>A <a href="@">shortcut reference link</a> +consists of a [link label] that [matches] a +[link reference definition] elsewhere in the +document and is not followed by <code>[]</code> or a link label. +The contents of the first link label are parsed as inlines, +which are used as the link's text. The link's URI and title +are provided by the matching link reference definition. +Thus, <code>[foo]</code> is equivalent to <code>[foo][]</code>.</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title">foo</a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[*foo* bar] + +[*foo* bar]: /url "title" +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title"><em>foo</em> bar</a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[[*foo* bar]] + +[*foo* bar]: /url "title" +. +<p>[<a href="/url" title="title"><em>foo</em> bar</a>]</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[[bar [foo] + +[foo]: /url +. +<p>[[bar <a href="/url">foo</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>The link labels are case-insensitive:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[Foo] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title">Foo</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>A space after the link text should be preserved:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo] bar + +[foo]: /url +. +<p><a href="/url">foo</a> bar</p> +</code></pre> +<p>If you just want bracketed text, you can backslash-escape the +opening bracket to avoid links:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">\[foo] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p>[foo]</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Note that this is a link, because a link label ends with the first +following closing bracket:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo*]: /url + +*[foo*] +. +<p>*<a href="/url">foo*</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Full and compact references take precedence over shortcut +references:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo][bar] + +[foo]: /url1 +[bar]: /url2 +. +<p><a href="/url2">foo</a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo][] + +[foo]: /url1 +. +<p><a href="/url1">foo</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Inline links also take precedence:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo]() + +[foo]: /url1 +. +<p><a href="">foo</a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo](not a link) + +[foo]: /url1 +. +<p><a href="/url1">foo</a>(not a link)</p> +</code></pre> +<p>In the following case <code>[bar][baz]</code> is parsed as a reference, +<code>[foo]</code> as normal text:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo][bar][baz] + +[baz]: /url +. +<p>[foo]<a href="/url">bar</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Here, though, <code>[foo][bar]</code> is parsed as a reference, since +<code>[bar]</code> is defined:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo][bar][baz] + +[baz]: /url1 +[bar]: /url2 +. +<p><a href="/url2">foo</a><a href="/url1">baz</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Here <code>[foo]</code> is not parsed as a shortcut reference, because it +is followed by a link label (even though <code>[bar]</code> is not defined):</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">[foo][bar][baz] + +[baz]: /url1 +[foo]: /url2 +. +<p>[foo]<a href="/url1">bar</a></p> +</code></pre> +<h2>Images</h2> +<p>Syntax for images is like the syntax for links, with one +difference. Instead of [link text], we have an +<a href="@">image description</a>. The rules for this are the +same as for [link text], except that (a) an +image description starts with <code> +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="foo" title="title" /></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">![foo *bar*] + +[foo *bar*]: train.jpg "train & tracks" +. +<p><img src="train.jpg" alt="foo bar" title="train &amp; tracks" /></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">](/url2) +. +<p><img src="/url2" alt="foo bar" /></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">](/url2) +. +<p><img src="/url2" alt="foo bar" /></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Though this spec is concerned with parsing, not rendering, it is +recommended that in rendering to HTML, only the plain string content +of the [image description] be used. Note that in +the above example, the alt attribute's value is <code>foo bar</code>, not <code>foo [bar](/url)</code> or <code>foo <a href="/url">bar</a></code>. Only the plain string +content is rendered, without formatting.</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">![foo *bar*][] + +[foo *bar*]: train.jpg "train & tracks" +. +<p><img src="train.jpg" alt="foo bar" title="train &amp; tracks" /></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">![foo *bar*][foobar] + +[FOOBAR]: train.jpg "train & tracks" +. +<p><img src="train.jpg" alt="foo bar" title="train &amp; tracks" /></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"> +. +<p><img src="train.jpg" alt="foo" /></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">My  +. +<p>My <img src="/path/to/train.jpg" alt="foo bar" title="title" /></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"> +. +<p><img src="url" alt="foo" /></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"> +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="" /></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Reference-style:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">![foo][bar] + +[bar]: /url +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="foo" /></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">![foo][bar] + +[BAR]: /url +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="foo" /></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Collapsed:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">![foo][] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="foo" title="title" /></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">![*foo* bar][] + +[*foo* bar]: /url "title" +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="foo bar" title="title" /></p> +</code></pre> +<p>The labels are case-insensitive:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">![Foo][] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="Foo" title="title" /></p> +</code></pre> +<p>As with reference links, spaces, tabs, and line endings, are not allowed +between the two sets of brackets:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">![foo] +[] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="foo" title="title" /> +[]</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Shortcut:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">![foo] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="foo" title="title" /></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">![*foo* bar] + +[*foo* bar]: /url "title" +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="foo bar" title="title" /></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Note that link labels cannot contain unescaped brackets:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">![[foo]] + +[[foo]]: /url "title" +. +<p>![[foo]]</p> +<p>[[foo]]: /url &quot;title&quot;</p> +</code></pre> +<p>The link labels are case-insensitive:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">![Foo] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="Foo" title="title" /></p> +</code></pre> +<p>If you just want a literal <code>!</code> followed by bracketed text, you can +backslash-escape the opening <code>[</code>:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">!\[foo] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p>![foo]</p> +</code></pre> +<p>If you want a link after a literal <code>!</code>, backslash-escape the +<code>!</code>:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">\![foo] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p>!<a href="/url" title="title">foo</a></p> +</code></pre> +<h2>Autolinks</h2> +<p><a href="@">Autolink</a>s are absolute URIs and email addresses inside +<code><</code> and <code>></code>. They are parsed as links, with the URL or email address +as the link label.</p> +<p>A <a href="@">URI autolink</a> consists of <code><</code>, followed by an +[absolute URI] followed by <code>></code>. It is parsed as +a link to the URI, with the URI as the link's label.</p> +<p>An <a href="@">absolute URI</a>, +for these purposes, consists of a [scheme] followed by a colon (<code>:</code>) +followed by zero or more characters other [ASCII control +characters][ASCII control character], [space], <code><</code>, and <code>></code>. +If the URI includes these characters, they must be percent-encoded +(e.g. <code>%20</code> for a space).</p> +<p>For purposes of this spec, a <a href="@">scheme</a> is any sequence +of 2--32 characters beginning with an ASCII letter and followed +by any combination of ASCII letters, digits, or the symbols plus +("+"), period ("."), or hyphen ("-").</p> +<p>Here are some valid autolinks:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><http://foo.bar.baz> +. +<p><a href="http://foo.bar.baz">http://foo.bar.baz</a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"><http://foo.bar.baz/test?q=hello&id=22&boolean> +. +<p><a href="http://foo.bar.baz/test?q=hello&amp;id=22&amp;boolean">http://foo.bar.baz/test?q=hello&amp;id=22&amp;boolean</a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"><irc://foo.bar:2233/baz> +. +<p><a href="irc://foo.bar:2233/baz">irc://foo.bar:2233/baz</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Uppercase is also fine:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><MAILTO:FOO@BAR.BAZ> +. +<p><a href="MAILTO:FOO@BAR.BAZ">MAILTO:FOO@BAR.BAZ</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Note that many strings that count as [absolute URIs] for +purposes of this spec are not valid URIs, because their +schemes are not registered or because of other problems +with their syntax:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><a+b+c:d> +. +<p><a href="a+b+c:d">a+b+c:d</a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"><made-up-scheme://foo,bar> +. +<p><a href="made-up-scheme://foo,bar">made-up-scheme://foo,bar</a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"><http://../> +. +<p><a href="http://../">http://../</a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"><localhost:5001/foo> +. +<p><a href="localhost:5001/foo">localhost:5001/foo</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Spaces are not allowed in autolinks:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><http://foo.bar/baz bim> +. +<p>&lt;http://foo.bar/baz bim&gt;</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Backslash-escapes do not work inside autolinks:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><http://example.com/\[\> +. +<p><a href="http://example.com/%5C%5B%5C">http://example.com/\[\</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>An <a href="@">email autolink</a> +consists of <code><</code>, followed by an [email address], +followed by <code>></code>. The link's label is the email address, +and the URL is <code>mailto:</code> followed by the email address.</p> +<p>An <a href="@">email address</a>, +for these purposes, is anything that matches +the <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#e-mail-state-(type=email)">non-normative regex from the HTML5 +spec</a>:</p> +<pre><code>/^[a-zA-Z0-9.!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])? +(?:\.[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?)*$/ +</code></pre> +<p>Examples of email autolinks:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><foo@bar.example.com> +. +<p><a href="mailto:foo@bar.example.com">foo@bar.example.com</a></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"><foo+special@Bar.baz-bar0.com> +. +<p><a href="mailto:foo+special@Bar.baz-bar0.com">foo+special@Bar.baz-bar0.com</a></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Backslash-escapes do not work inside email autolinks:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><foo\+@bar.example.com> +. +<p>&lt;foo+@bar.example.com&gt;</p> +</code></pre> +<p>These are not autolinks:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><> +. +<p>&lt;&gt;</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">< http://foo.bar > +. +<p>&lt; http://foo.bar &gt;</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"><m:abc> +. +<p>&lt;m:abc&gt;</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"><foo.bar.baz> +. +<p>&lt;foo.bar.baz&gt;</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">http://example.com +. +<p>http://example.com</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo@bar.example.com +. +<p>foo@bar.example.com</p> +</code></pre> +<h2>Raw HTML</h2> +<p>Text between <code><</code> and <code>></code> that looks like an HTML tag is parsed as a +raw HTML tag and will be rendered in HTML without escaping. +Tag and attribute names are not limited to current HTML tags, +so custom tags (and even, say, DocBook tags) may be used.</p> +<p>Here is the grammar for tags:</p> +<p>A <a href="@">tag name</a> consists of an ASCII letter +followed by zero or more ASCII letters, digits, or +hyphens (<code>-</code>).</p> +<p>An <a href="@">attribute</a> consists of spaces, tabs, and up to one line ending, +an [attribute name], and an optional +[attribute value specification].</p> +<p>An <a href="@">attribute name</a> +consists of an ASCII letter, <code>_</code>, or <code>:</code>, followed by zero or more ASCII +letters, digits, <code>_</code>, <code>.</code>, <code>:</code>, or <code>-</code>. (Note: This is the XML +specification restricted to ASCII. HTML5 is laxer.)</p> +<p>An <a href="@">attribute value specification</a> +consists of optional spaces, tabs, and up to one line ending, +a <code>=</code> character, optional spaces, tabs, and up to one line ending, +and an [attribute value].</p> +<p>An <a href="@">attribute value</a> +consists of an [unquoted attribute value], +a [single-quoted attribute value], or a [double-quoted attribute value].</p> +<p>An <a href="@">unquoted attribute value</a> +is a nonempty string of characters not +including spaces, tabs, line endings, <code>"</code>, <code>'</code>, <code>=</code>, <code><</code>, <code>></code>, or <code>`</code>.</p> +<p>A <a href="@">single-quoted attribute value</a> +consists of <code>'</code>, zero or more +characters not including <code>'</code>, and a final <code>'</code>.</p> +<p>A <a href="@">double-quoted attribute value</a> +consists of <code>"</code>, zero or more +characters not including <code>"</code>, and a final <code>"</code>.</p> +<p>An <a href="@">open tag</a> consists of a <code><</code> character, a [tag name], +zero or more [attributes], optional spaces, tabs, and up to one line ending, +an optional <code>/</code> character, and a <code>></code> character.</p> +<p>A <a href="@">closing tag</a> consists of the string <code></</code>, a +[tag name], optional spaces, tabs, and up to one line ending, and the character +<code>></code>.</p> +<p>An <a href="@">HTML comment</a> consists of <code><!--</code> + <em>text</em> + <code>--></code>, +where <em>text</em> does not start with <code>></code> or <code>-></code>, does not end with <code>-</code>, +and does not contain <code>--</code>. (See the +<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/syntax.html#comments">HTML5 spec</a>.)</p> +<p>A <a href="@">processing instruction</a> +consists of the string <code><?</code>, a string +of characters not including the string <code>?></code>, and the string +<code>?></code>.</p> +<p>A <a href="@">declaration</a> consists of the string <code><!</code>, an ASCII letter, zero or more +characters not including the character <code>></code>, and the character <code>></code>.</p> +<p>A <a href="@">CDATA section</a> consists of +the string <code><![CDATA[</code>, a string of characters not including the string +<code>]]></code>, and the string <code>]]></code>.</p> +<p>An <a href="@">HTML tag</a> consists of an [open tag], a [closing tag], +an [HTML comment], a [processing instruction], a [declaration], +or a [CDATA section].</p> +<p>Here are some simple open tags:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><a><bab><c2c> +. +<p><a><bab><c2c></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Empty elements:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><a/><b2/> +. +<p><a/><b2/></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Whitespace is allowed:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><a /><b2 +data="foo" > +. +<p><a /><b2 +data="foo" ></p> +</code></pre> +<p>With attributes:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><a foo="bar" bam = 'baz <em>"</em>' +_boolean zoop:33=zoop:33 /> +. +<p><a foo="bar" bam = 'baz <em>"</em>' +_boolean zoop:33=zoop:33 /></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Custom tag names can be used:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">Foo <responsive-image src="foo.jpg" /> +. +<p>Foo <responsive-image src="foo.jpg" /></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Illegal tag names, not parsed as HTML:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><33> <__> +. +<p>&lt;33&gt; &lt;__&gt;</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Illegal attribute names:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><a h*#ref="hi"> +. +<p>&lt;a h*#ref=&quot;hi&quot;&gt;</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Illegal attribute values:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><a href="hi'> <a href=hi'> +. +<p>&lt;a href=&quot;hi'&gt; &lt;a href=hi'&gt;</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Illegal whitespace:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">< a>< +foo><bar/ > +<foo bar=baz +bim!bop /> +. +<p>&lt; a&gt;&lt; +foo&gt;&lt;bar/ &gt; +&lt;foo bar=baz +bim!bop /&gt;</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Missing whitespace:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><a href='bar'title=title> +. +<p>&lt;a href='bar'title=title&gt;</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Closing tags:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"></a></foo > +. +<p></a></foo ></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Illegal attributes in closing tag:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"></a href="foo"> +. +<p>&lt;/a href=&quot;foo&quot;&gt;</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Comments:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo <!-- this is a +comment - with hyphen --> +. +<p>foo <!-- this is a +comment - with hyphen --></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo <!-- not a comment -- two hyphens --> +. +<p>foo &lt;!-- not a comment -- two hyphens --&gt;</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Not comments:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo <!--> foo --> + +foo <!-- foo---> +. +<p>foo &lt;!--&gt; foo --&gt;</p> +<p>foo &lt;!-- foo---&gt;</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Processing instructions:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo <?php echo $a; ?> +. +<p>foo <?php echo $a; ?></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Declarations:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo <!ELEMENT br EMPTY> +. +<p>foo <!ELEMENT br EMPTY></p> +</code></pre> +<p>CDATA sections:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo <![CDATA[>&<]]> +. +<p>foo <![CDATA[>&<]]></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Entity and numeric character references are preserved in HTML +attributes:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo <a href="&ouml;"> +. +<p>foo <a href="&ouml;"></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Backslash escapes do not work in HTML attributes:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo <a href="\*"> +. +<p>foo <a href="\*"></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"><a href="\""> +. +<p>&lt;a href=&quot;&quot;&quot;&gt;</p> +</code></pre> +<h2>Hard line breaks</h2> +<p>A line ending (not in a code span or HTML tag) that is preceded +by two or more spaces and does not occur at the end of a block +is parsed as a <a href="@">hard line break</a> (rendered +in HTML as a <code><br /></code> tag):</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo +baz +. +<p>foo<br /> +baz</p> +</code></pre> +<p>For a more visible alternative, a backslash before the +[line ending] may be used instead of two or more spaces:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo\ +baz +. +<p>foo<br /> +baz</p> +</code></pre> +<p>More than two spaces can be used:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo +baz +. +<p>foo<br /> +baz</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Leading spaces at the beginning of the next line are ignored:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo + bar +. +<p>foo<br /> +bar</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo\ + bar +. +<p>foo<br /> +bar</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Hard line breaks can occur inside emphasis, links, and other constructs +that allow inline content:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">*foo +bar* +. +<p><em>foo<br /> +bar</em></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">*foo\ +bar* +. +<p><em>foo<br /> +bar</em></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Hard line breaks do not occur inside code spans</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">`code +span` +. +<p><code>code span</code></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">`code\ +span` +. +<p><code>code\ span</code></p> +</code></pre> +<p>or HTML tags:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example"><a href="foo +bar"> +. +<p><a href="foo +bar"></p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example"><a href="foo\ +bar"> +. +<p><a href="foo\ +bar"></p> +</code></pre> +<p>Hard line breaks are for separating inline content within a block. +Neither syntax for hard line breaks works at the end of a paragraph or +other block element:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo\ +. +<p>foo\</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo +. +<p>foo</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">### foo\ +. +<h3>foo\</h3> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">### foo +. +<h3>foo</h3> +</code></pre> +<h2>Soft line breaks</h2> +<p>A regular line ending (not in a code span or HTML tag) that is not +preceded by two or more spaces or a backslash is parsed as a +<a href="@">softbreak</a>. (A soft line break may be rendered in HTML either as a +[line ending] or as a space. The result will be the same in +browsers. In the examples here, a [line ending] will be used.)</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo +baz +. +<p>foo +baz</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Spaces at the end of the line and beginning of the next line are +removed:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">foo + baz +. +<p>foo +baz</p> +</code></pre> +<p>A conforming parser may render a soft line break in HTML either as a +line ending or as a space.</p> +<p>A renderer may also provide an option to render soft line breaks +as hard line breaks.</p> +<h2>Textual content</h2> +<p>Any characters not given an interpretation by the above rules will +be parsed as plain textual content.</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">hello $.;'there +. +<p>hello $.;'there</p> +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-example">Foo χρῆν +. +<p>Foo χρῆν</p> +</code></pre> +<p>Internal spaces are preserved verbatim:</p> +<pre><code class="language-example">Multiple spaces +. +<p>Multiple spaces</p> +</code></pre> +<!-- END TESTS --> +<h1>Appendix: A parsing strategy</h1> +<p>In this appendix we describe some features of the parsing strategy +used in the CommonMark reference implementations.</p> +<h2>Overview</h2> +<p>Parsing has two phases:</p> +<ol> +<li> +<p>In the first phase, lines of input are consumed and the block +structure of the document---its division into paragraphs, block quotes, +list items, and so on---is constructed. Text is assigned to these +blocks but not parsed. Link reference definitions are parsed and a +map of links is constructed.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>In the second phase, the raw text contents of paragraphs and headings +are parsed into sequences of Markdown inline elements (strings, +code spans, links, emphasis, and so on), using the map of link +references constructed in phase 1.</p> +</li> +</ol> +<p>At each point in processing, the document is represented as a tree of +<strong>blocks</strong>. The root of the tree is a <code>document</code> block. The <code>document</code> +may have any number of other blocks as <strong>children</strong>. These children +may, in turn, have other blocks as children. The last child of a block +is normally considered <strong>open</strong>, meaning that subsequent lines of input +can alter its contents. (Blocks that are not open are <strong>closed</strong>.) +Here, for example, is a possible document tree, with the open blocks +marked by arrows:</p> +<pre><code class="language-tree">-> document + -> block_quote + paragraph + "Lorem ipsum dolor\nsit amet." + -> list (type=bullet tight=true bullet_char=-) + list_item + paragraph + "Qui *quodsi iracundia*" + -> list_item + -> paragraph + "aliquando id" +</code></pre> +<h2>Phase 1: block structure</h2> +<p>Each line that is processed has an effect on this tree. The line is +analyzed and, depending on its contents, the document may be altered +in one or more of the following ways:</p> +<ol> +<li>One or more open blocks may be closed.</li> +<li>One or more new blocks may be created as children of the +last open block.</li> +<li>Text may be added to the last (deepest) open block remaining +on the tree.</li> +</ol> +<p>Once a line has been incorporated into the tree in this way, +it can be discarded, so input can be read in a stream.</p> +<p>For each line, we follow this procedure:</p> +<ol> +<li> +<p>First we iterate through the open blocks, starting with the +root document, and descending through last children down to the last +open block. Each block imposes a condition that the line must satisfy +if the block is to remain open. For example, a block quote requires a +<code>></code> character. A paragraph requires a non-blank line. +In this phase we may match all or just some of the open +blocks. But we cannot close unmatched blocks yet, because we may have a +[lazy continuation line].</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>Next, after consuming the continuation markers for existing +blocks, we look for new block starts (e.g. <code>></code> for a block quote). +If we encounter a new block start, we close any blocks unmatched +in step 1 before creating the new block as a child of the last +matched container block.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>Finally, we look at the remainder of the line (after block +markers like <code>></code>, list markers, and indentation have been consumed). +This is text that can be incorporated into the last open +block (a paragraph, code block, heading, or raw HTML).</p> +</li> +</ol> +<p>Setext headings are formed when we see a line of a paragraph +that is a [setext heading underline].</p> +<p>Reference link definitions are detected when a paragraph is closed; +the accumulated text lines are parsed to see if they begin with +one or more reference link definitions. Any remainder becomes a +normal paragraph.</p> +<p>We can see how this works by considering how the tree above is +generated by four lines of Markdown:</p> +<pre><code class="language-markdown">> Lorem ipsum dolor +sit amet. +> - Qui *quodsi iracundia* +> - aliquando id +</code></pre> +<p>At the outset, our document model is just</p> +<pre><code class="language-tree">-> document +</code></pre> +<p>The first line of our text,</p> +<pre><code class="language-markdown">> Lorem ipsum dolor +</code></pre> +<p>causes a <code>block_quote</code> block to be created as a child of our +open <code>document</code> block, and a <code>paragraph</code> block as a child of +the <code>block_quote</code>. Then the text is added to the last open +block, the <code>paragraph</code>:</p> +<pre><code class="language-tree">-> document + -> block_quote + -> paragraph + "Lorem ipsum dolor" +</code></pre> +<p>The next line,</p> +<pre><code class="language-markdown">sit amet. +</code></pre> +<p>is a "lazy continuation" of the open <code>paragraph</code>, so it gets added +to the paragraph's text:</p> +<pre><code class="language-tree">-> document + -> block_quote + -> paragraph + "Lorem ipsum dolor\nsit amet." +</code></pre> +<p>The third line,</p> +<pre><code class="language-markdown">> - Qui *quodsi iracundia* +</code></pre> +<p>causes the <code>paragraph</code> block to be closed, and a new <code>list</code> block +opened as a child of the <code>block_quote</code>. A <code>list_item</code> is also +added as a child of the <code>list</code>, and a <code>paragraph</code> as a child of +the <code>list_item</code>. The text is then added to the new <code>paragraph</code>:</p> +<pre><code class="language-tree">-> document + -> block_quote + paragraph + "Lorem ipsum dolor\nsit amet." + -> list (type=bullet tight=true bullet_char=-) + -> list_item + -> paragraph + "Qui *quodsi iracundia*" +</code></pre> +<p>The fourth line,</p> +<pre><code class="language-markdown">> - aliquando id +</code></pre> +<p>causes the <code>list_item</code> (and its child the <code>paragraph</code>) to be closed, +and a new <code>list_item</code> opened up as child of the <code>list</code>. A <code>paragraph</code> +is added as a child of the new <code>list_item</code>, to contain the text. +We thus obtain the final tree:</p> +<pre><code class="language-tree">-> document + -> block_quote + paragraph + "Lorem ipsum dolor\nsit amet." + -> list (type=bullet tight=true bullet_char=-) + list_item + paragraph + "Qui *quodsi iracundia*" + -> list_item + -> paragraph + "aliquando id" +</code></pre> +<h2>Phase 2: inline structure</h2> +<p>Once all of the input has been parsed, all open blocks are closed.</p> +<p>We then "walk the tree," visiting every node, and parse raw +string contents of paragraphs and headings as inlines. At this +point we have seen all the link reference definitions, so we can +resolve reference links as we go.</p> +<pre><code class="language-tree">document + block_quote + paragraph + str "Lorem ipsum dolor" + softbreak + str "sit amet." + list (type=bullet tight=true bullet_char=-) + list_item + paragraph + str "Qui " + emph + str "quodsi iracundia" + list_item + paragraph + str "aliquando id" +</code></pre> +<p>Notice how the [line ending] in the first paragraph has +been parsed as a <code>softbreak</code>, and the asterisks in the first list item +have become an <code>emph</code>.</p> +<h3>An algorithm for parsing nested emphasis and links</h3> +<p>By far the trickiest part of inline parsing is handling emphasis, +strong emphasis, links, and images. This is done using the following +algorithm.</p> +<p>When we're parsing inlines and we hit either</p> +<ul> +<li>a run of <code>*</code> or <code>_</code> characters, or</li> +<li>a <code>[</code> or <code>![</code></li> +</ul> +<p>we insert a text node with these symbols as its literal content, and we +add a pointer to this text node to the <a href="@">delimiter stack</a>.</p> +<p>The [delimiter stack] is a doubly linked list. Each +element contains a pointer to a text node, plus information about</p> +<ul> +<li>the type of delimiter (<code>[</code>, <code>![</code>, <code>*</code>, <code>_</code>)</li> +<li>the number of delimiters,</li> +<li>whether the delimiter is "active" (all are active to start), and</li> +<li>whether the delimiter is a potential opener, a potential closer, +or both (which depends on what sort of characters precede +and follow the delimiters).</li> +</ul> +<p>When we hit a <code>]</code> character, we call the <em>look for link or image</em> +procedure (see below).</p> +<p>When we hit the end of the input, we call the <em>process emphasis</em> +procedure (see below), with <code>stack_bottom</code> = NULL.</p> +<h4><em>look for link or image</em></h4> +<p>Starting at the top of the delimiter stack, we look backwards +through the stack for an opening <code>[</code> or <code>![</code> delimiter.</p> +<ul> +<li> +<p>If we don't find one, we return a literal text node <code>]</code>.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>If we do find one, but it's not <em>active</em>, we remove the inactive +delimiter from the stack, and return a literal text node <code>]</code>.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>If we find one and it's active, then we parse ahead to see if +we have an inline link/image, reference link/image, compact reference +link/image, or shortcut reference link/image.</p> +<ul> +<li> +<p>If we don't, then we remove the opening delimiter from the +delimiter stack and return a literal text node <code>]</code>.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>If we do, then</p> +<ul> +<li> +<p>We return a link or image node whose children are the inlines +after the text node pointed to by the opening delimiter.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>We run <em>process emphasis</em> on these inlines, with the <code>[</code> opener +as <code>stack_bottom</code>.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>We remove the opening delimiter.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>If we have a link (and not an image), we also set all +<code>[</code> delimiters before the opening delimiter to <em>inactive</em>. (This +will prevent us from getting links within links.)</p> +</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +<h4><em>process emphasis</em></h4> +<p>Parameter <code>stack_bottom</code> sets a lower bound to how far we +descend in the [delimiter stack]. If it is NULL, we can +go all the way to the bottom. Otherwise, we stop before +visiting <code>stack_bottom</code>.</p> +<p>Let <code>current_position</code> point to the element on the [delimiter stack] +just above <code>stack_bottom</code> (or the first element if <code>stack_bottom</code> +is NULL).</p> +<p>We keep track of the <code>openers_bottom</code> for each delimiter +type (<code>*</code>, <code>_</code>), indexed to the length of the closing delimiter run +(modulo 3) and to whether the closing delimiter can also be an +opener. Initialize this to <code>stack_bottom</code>.</p> +<p>Then we repeat the following until we run out of potential +closers:</p> +<ul> +<li> +<p>Move <code>current_position</code> forward in the delimiter stack (if needed) +until we find the first potential closer with delimiter <code>*</code> or <code>_</code>. +(This will be the potential closer closest +to the beginning of the input -- the first one in parse order.)</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>Now, look back in the stack (staying above <code>stack_bottom</code> and +the <code>openers_bottom</code> for this delimiter type) for the +first matching potential opener ("matching" means same delimiter).</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>If one is found:</p> +<ul> +<li> +<p>Figure out whether we have emphasis or strong emphasis: +if both closer and opener spans have length >= 2, we have +strong, otherwise regular.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>Insert an emph or strong emph node accordingly, after +the text node corresponding to the opener.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>Remove any delimiters between the opener and closer from +the delimiter stack.</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>Remove 1 (for regular emph) or 2 (for strong emph) delimiters +from the opening and closing text nodes. If they become empty +as a result, remove them and remove the corresponding element +of the delimiter stack. If the closing node is removed, reset +<code>current_position</code> to the next element in the stack.</p> +</li> +</ul> +</li> +<li> +<p>If none is found:</p> +<ul> +<li> +<p>Set <code>openers_bottom</code> to the element before <code>current_position</code>. +(We know that there are no openers for this kind of closer up to and +including this point, so this puts a lower bound on future searches.)</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>If the closer at <code>current_position</code> is not a potential opener, +remove it from the delimiter stack (since we know it can't +be a closer either).</p> +</li> +<li> +<p>Advance <code>current_position</code> to the next element in the stack.</p> +</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +<p>After we're done, we remove all delimiters above <code>stack_bottom</code> from the +delimiter stack.</p> diff --git a/tests/test_linkify.py b/tests/test_linkify.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..96d506d --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_linkify.py @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +from markdown_it import MarkdownIt + + +def test_token_levels(): + mdit = MarkdownIt(options_update={"linkify": True}).enable("linkify") + tokens = mdit.parse("www.python.org") + inline = tokens[1] + assert inline.type == "inline" + link_open = inline.children[0] + assert link_open.type == "link_open" + link_text = inline.children[1] + assert link_text.type == "text" + link_close = inline.children[2] + assert link_close.type == "link_close" + + # Assert that linkify tokens have correct nesting levels + assert link_open.level == 0 + assert link_text.level == 1 + assert link_close.level == 0 diff --git a/tests/test_port/fixtures/commonmark_extras.md b/tests/test_port/fixtures/commonmark_extras.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..168b039 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_port/fixtures/commonmark_extras.md @@ -0,0 +1,696 @@ +Issue commonmark/cmark#383: +. +*****Hello*world**** +. +<p>**<em><strong>Hello<em>world</em></strong></em></p> +. + +Issue #246. Double escaping in ALT +. + +. +<p><img src="#" alt="&" /></p> +. + +Strip markdown in ALT tags +. +](#) +. +<p><img src="#" alt="strip markdown in alt" /></p> +. + +Issue #55: +. +![test] + + +. +<p>![test]</p> +<p></p> +. + + +Reference labels: 'i̇θωkå'.toUpperCase() is 'İΘΩKÅ', but these should still be equivalent +. +[İϴΩKÅ] + +[i̇θωkå]: /url +. +<p><a href="/url">İϴΩKÅ</a></p> +. + + +Reference labels: support ligatures (equivalent according to unicode case folding) +. +[fffifl] + +[fffifl]: /url +. +<p><a href="/url">fffifl</a></p> +. + + +Issue #35. `<` should work as punctuation +. +an **(:**<br /> +. +<p>an <strong>(:</strong><br /></p> +. + + +Should unescape only needed things in link destinations/titles: +. +[test](<\f\o\o\>\\>) + +[test](foo "\\\"\b\a\r") +. +<p><a href="%5Cf%5Co%5Co%3E%5C">test</a></p> +<p><a href="foo" title="\"\b\a\r">test</a></p> +. + + +Not a closing tag +. +</ 123> +. +<p></ 123></p> +. + + + +Escaping entities in links: +. +[](<"> "&ö") + +[](<\"> "\&\ö") + +[](<\\"> "\\"\\ö") +. +<p><a href="%22" title="&ö"></a></p> +<p><a href="&quot;" title="&amp;&ouml;"></a></p> +<p><a href="%5C%22" title="\"\ö"></a></p> +. + + +Checking combination of replaceEntities and unescapeMd: +. +~~~ &&bad;\&\\& +just a funny little fence +~~~ +. +<pre><code class="&&bad;&amp;\&">just a funny little fence +</code></pre> +. + +Underscore between punctuation chars should be able to close emphasis. + +. +_(hai)_. +. +<p><em>(hai)</em>.</p> +. + +Regression test, should not match emphasis markers in different link tags: +. +[*b]() [c*]() +. +<p><a href="">*b</a> <a href="">c*</a></p> +. + +Those are two separate blockquotes: +. + - > foo + > bar +. +<ul> +<li> +<blockquote> +<p>foo</p> +</blockquote> +</li> +</ul> +<blockquote> +<p>bar</p> +</blockquote> +. + +Blockquote should terminate itself after paragraph continuation +. +- list + > blockquote +blockquote continuation + - next list item +. +<ul> +<li>list +<blockquote> +<p>blockquote +blockquote continuation</p> +</blockquote> +<ul> +<li>next list item</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +. + +Regression test (code block + regular paragraph) +. +> foo +> bar +. +<blockquote> +<pre><code>foo +</code></pre> +<p>bar</p> +</blockquote> +. + +Blockquotes inside indented lists should terminate correctly +. + - a + > b + ``` + c + ``` + - d +. +<ul> +<li>a +<blockquote> +<p>b</p> +</blockquote> +<pre><code>c +</code></pre> +</li> +<li>d</li> +</ul> +. + +Don't output empty class here: +. +```  +test +``` +. +<pre><code>test +</code></pre> +. + +Setext header text supports lazy continuations: +. + - foo +bar + === +. +<ul> +<li> +<h1>foo +bar</h1> +</li> +</ul> +. + +But setext header underline doesn't: +. + - foo + bar + === +. +<ul> +<li>foo +bar +===</li> +</ul> +. + +Tabs should be stripped from the beginning of the line +. + foo + bar + baz +. +<p>foo +bar +baz</p> +. + +Tabs should not cause hardbreak, EOL tabs aren't stripped in commonmark 0.27 +. +foo1 +foo2 +bar +. +<p>foo1 +foo2<br /> +bar</p> +. + +List item terminating quote should not be paragraph continuation +. +1. foo + > quote +2. bar +. +<ol> +<li>foo +<blockquote> +<p>quote</p> +</blockquote> +</li> +<li>bar</li> +</ol> +. + +Escaped space is not allowed in link destination, commonmark/CommonMark#493. +. +[link](a\ b) +. +<p>[link](a\ b)</p> +. + +Link destination cannot contain '<' +. +[](<foo<bar>) + +[](<foo\<bar>) +. +<p>[](<foo<bar>)</p> +<p><a href="foo%3Cbar"></a></p> +. + +Link title cannot contain '(' when opened with it +. +[](url (xxx()) + +[](url (xxx\()) +. +<p>[](url (xxx())</p> +<p><a href="url" title="xxx("></a></p> +. + +Allow EOL in processing instructions, commonmark/commonmark.js#196. +. +a <? +?> +. +<p>a <? +?></p> +. + +Allow meta tag in an inline context, commonmark/commonmark-spec#527. +. +City: +<span itemprop="contentLocation" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/City"> + <meta itemprop="name" content="Springfield"> +</span> +. +<p>City: +<span itemprop="contentLocation" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/City"> +<meta itemprop="name" content="Springfield"> +</span></p> +. + +Coverage. Directive can terminate paragraph. +. +a +<?php +. +<p>a</p> +<?php +. + + +Coverage. Nested email autolink (silent mode) +. +*<foo@bar.com>* +. +<p><em><a href="mailto:foo@bar.com">foo@bar.com</a></em></p> +. + + +Coverage. Unpaired nested backtick (silent mode) +. +*`foo* +. +<p><em>`foo</em></p> +. + + +Coverage. Should continue scanning after closing "```" despite cache +. +```aaa``bbb``ccc```ddd``eee`` +. +<p><code>aaa``bbb``ccc</code>ddd<code>eee</code></p> +. + + +Coverage. Entities. +. +*&* + +* * + +*&* +. +<p><em>&</em></p> +<p><em> </em></p> +<p><em>&</em></p> +. + + +Coverage. Escape. +. +*\a* +. +<p><em>\a</em></p> +. + + +Coverage. parseLinkDestination +. +[foo](< +bar>) + +[foo](<bar) +. +<p>[foo](< +bar>)</p> +<p>[foo](<bar)</p> +. + + +Coverage. parseLinkTitle +. +[foo](bar "ba) + +[foo](bar "ba\ +z") +. +<p>[foo](bar "ba)</p> +<p><a href="bar" title="ba\ +z">foo</a></p> +. + + +Coverage. Image +. + +. +<p><img src="x" alt="test" /></p> +. +. +![test][foo] + +[bar]: 123 +. +<p>![test][foo]</p> +. +. +![test][[[ + +[bar]: 123 +. +<p>![test][[[</p> +. +. +![test]( +. +<p>![test](</p> +. + + +Coverage. Link +. +[test]( +. +<p>[test](</p> +. + + +Coverage. Reference +. +[ +test\ +]: 123 +foo +bar +. +<p>foo +bar</p> +. +. +[ +test +] +. +<p>[ +test +]</p> +. +. +> [foo]: bar +[foo] +. +<blockquote></blockquote> +<p><a href="bar">foo</a></p> +. + +Coverage. Tabs in blockquotes. +. +> test + + > test + + > test + +> --- +> test + + > --- + > test + + > --- + > test + +> test + + > test + + > test + +> --- +> test + + > --- + > test + + > --- + > test +. +<blockquote> +<pre><code> test +</code></pre> +</blockquote> +<blockquote> +<pre><code> test +</code></pre> +</blockquote> +<blockquote> +<pre><code>test +</code></pre> +</blockquote> +<blockquote> +<hr /> +<pre><code> test +</code></pre> +</blockquote> +<blockquote> +<hr /> +<pre><code> test +</code></pre> +</blockquote> +<blockquote> +<hr /> +<pre><code>test +</code></pre> +</blockquote> +<blockquote> +<pre><code> test +</code></pre> +</blockquote> +<blockquote> +<pre><code> test +</code></pre> +</blockquote> +<blockquote> +<pre><code> test +</code></pre> +</blockquote> +<blockquote> +<hr /> +<pre><code> test +</code></pre> +</blockquote> +<blockquote> +<hr /> +<pre><code> test +</code></pre> +</blockquote> +<blockquote> +<hr /> +<pre><code> test +</code></pre> +</blockquote> +. + +Coverage. Tabs in lists. +. +1. foo + + bar +. +<ol> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<pre><code> bar +</code></pre> +</li> +</ol> +. + +Coverage. Various tags not interrupting blockquotes because of indentation: +. +> foo + - - - - + +> foo + # not a heading +. +<blockquote> +<p>foo +- - - -</p> +</blockquote> +<blockquote> +<p>foo +# not a heading</p> +</blockquote> +. + +Coverage, entities with code > 10FFFF. Made this way for compatibility with commonmark.js. +. +� + +� +. +<p>�</p> +<p>&#x1100000;</p> +. + +Issue #696. Blockquotes should remember their level. +. +>>> foo +bar +>>> baz +. +<blockquote> +<blockquote> +<blockquote> +<p>foo +bar +baz</p> +</blockquote> +</blockquote> +</blockquote> +. + +Issue #696. Blockquotes should stop when outdented from a list. +. +1. >>> foo + bar +baz + >>> foo + >>> bar + >>> baz +. +<ol> +<li> +<blockquote> +<blockquote> +<blockquote> +<p>foo +bar +baz +foo</p> +</blockquote> +</blockquote> +</blockquote> +</li> +</ol> +<blockquote> +<blockquote> +<blockquote> +<p>bar +baz</p> +</blockquote> +</blockquote> +</blockquote> +. + +Newline in image description +. +There is a newline in this image  +. +<p>There is a newline in this image <img src="https://github.com/executablebooks/" alt="here +it is" /></p> +. + +Issue #772. Header rule should not interfere with html tags. +. +<!-- +== +--> + +<pre> +== +</pre> +. +<!-- +== +--> +<pre> +== +</pre> +. + +Issue #205. Space in link destination generates IndexError +. +[Contact](http:// mail.com) + +[Contact](mailto: mail@mail.com) +. +<p>[Contact](http:// mail.com)</p> +<p>[Contact](mailto: mail@mail.com)</p> +. + +Issue #204. Combination of blockquotes, list and newlines causes an IndexError +. +> QUOTE ++ UNORDERED LIST ITEM + > INDENTED QUOTE + + + +. +<blockquote> +<p>QUOTE</p> +</blockquote> +<ul> +<li>UNORDERED LIST ITEM +<blockquote> +<p>INDENTED QUOTE</p> +</blockquote> +</li> +</ul> +. diff --git a/tests/test_port/fixtures/commonmark_spec.md b/tests/test_port/fixtures/commonmark_spec.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c437019 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_port/fixtures/commonmark_spec.md @@ -0,0 +1,7834 @@ +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 355 + +. + foo baz bim +. +<pre><code>foo baz bim +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 362 + +. + foo baz bim +. +<pre><code>foo baz bim +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 369 + +. + a a + ὐ a +. +<pre><code>a a +ὐ a +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 382 + +. + - foo + + bar +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<p>bar</p> +</li> +</ul> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 395 + +. +- foo + + bar +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<pre><code> bar +</code></pre> +</li> +</ul> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 418 + +. +> foo +. +<blockquote> +<pre><code> foo +</code></pre> +</blockquote> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 427 + +. +- foo +. +<ul> +<li> +<pre><code> foo +</code></pre> +</li> +</ul> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 439 + +. + foo + bar +. +<pre><code>foo +bar +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 448 + +. + - foo + - bar + - baz +. +<ul> +<li>foo +<ul> +<li>bar +<ul> +<li>baz</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 466 + +. +# Foo +. +<h1>Foo</h1> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 472 + +. +* * * +. +<hr /> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 489 + +. +\!\"\#\$\%\&\'\(\)\*\+\,\-\.\/\:\;\<\=\>\?\@\[\\\]\^\_\`\{\|\}\~ +. +<p>!"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_`{|}~</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 499 + +. +\ \A\a\ \3\φ\« +. +<p>\ \A\a\ \3\φ\«</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 509 + +. +\*not emphasized* +\<br/> not a tag +\[not a link](/foo) +\`not code` +1\. not a list +\* not a list +\# not a heading +\[foo]: /url "not a reference" +\ö not a character entity +. +<p>*not emphasized* +<br/> not a tag +[not a link](/foo) +`not code` +1. not a list +* not a list +# not a heading +[foo]: /url "not a reference" +&ouml; not a character entity</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 534 + +. +\\*emphasis* +. +<p>\<em>emphasis</em></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 543 + +. +foo\ +bar +. +<p>foo<br /> +bar</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 555 + +. +`` \[\` `` +. +<p><code>\[\`</code></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 562 + +. + \[\] +. +<pre><code>\[\] +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 570 + +. +~~~ +\[\] +~~~ +. +<pre><code>\[\] +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 580 + +. +<http://example.com?find=\*> +. +<p><a href="http://example.com?find=%5C*">http://example.com?find=\*</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 587 + +. +<a href="/bar\/)"> +. +<a href="/bar\/)"> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 597 + +. +[foo](/bar\* "ti\*tle") +. +<p><a href="/bar*" title="ti*tle">foo</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 604 + +. +[foo] + +[foo]: /bar\* "ti\*tle" +. +<p><a href="/bar*" title="ti*tle">foo</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 613 + +. +``` foo\+bar +foo +``` +. +<pre><code class="language-foo+bar">foo +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 649 + +. + & © Æ Ď +¾ ℋ ⅆ +∲ ≧̸ +. +<p> & © Æ Ď +¾ ℋ ⅆ +∲ ≧̸</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 668 + +. +# Ӓ Ϡ � +. +<p># Ӓ Ϡ �</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 681 + +. +" ആ ಫ +. +<p>" ആ ಫ</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 690 + +. +  &x; &#; &#x; +� +&#abcdef0; +&ThisIsNotDefined; &hi?; +. +<p>&nbsp &x; &#; &#x; +&#87654321; +&#abcdef0; +&ThisIsNotDefined; &hi?;</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 707 + +. +© +. +<p>&copy</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 717 + +. +&MadeUpEntity; +. +<p>&MadeUpEntity;</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 728 + +. +<a href="öö.html"> +. +<a href="öö.html"> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 735 + +. +[foo](/föö "föö") +. +<p><a href="/f%C3%B6%C3%B6" title="föö">foo</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 742 + +. +[foo] + +[foo]: /föö "föö" +. +<p><a href="/f%C3%B6%C3%B6" title="föö">foo</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 751 + +. +``` föö +foo +``` +. +<pre><code class="language-föö">foo +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 764 + +. +`föö` +. +<p><code>f&ouml;&ouml;</code></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 771 + +. + föfö +. +<pre><code>f&ouml;f&ouml; +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 783 + +. +*foo* +*foo* +. +<p>*foo* +<em>foo</em></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 791 + +. +* foo + +* foo +. +<p>* foo</p> +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +</ul> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 802 + +. +foo bar +. +<p>foo + +bar</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 810 + +. +	foo +. +<p> foo</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 817 + +. +[a](url "tit") +. +<p>[a](url "tit")</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 840 + +. +- `one +- two` +. +<ul> +<li>`one</li> +<li>two`</li> +</ul> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 879 + +. +*** +--- +___ +. +<hr /> +<hr /> +<hr /> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 892 + +. ++++ +. +<p>+++</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 899 + +. +=== +. +<p>===</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 908 + +. +-- +** +__ +. +<p>-- +** +__</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 921 + +. + *** + *** + *** +. +<hr /> +<hr /> +<hr /> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 934 + +. + *** +. +<pre><code>*** +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 942 + +. +Foo + *** +. +<p>Foo +***</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 953 + +. +_____________________________________ +. +<hr /> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 962 + +. + - - - +. +<hr /> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 969 + +. + ** * ** * ** * ** +. +<hr /> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 976 + +. +- - - - +. +<hr /> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 985 + +. +- - - - +. +<hr /> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 994 + +. +_ _ _ _ a + +a------ + +---a--- +. +<p>_ _ _ _ a</p> +<p>a------</p> +<p>---a---</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1010 + +. + *-* +. +<p><em>-</em></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1019 + +. +- foo +*** +- bar +. +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +</ul> +<hr /> +<ul> +<li>bar</li> +</ul> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1036 + +. +Foo +*** +bar +. +<p>Foo</p> +<hr /> +<p>bar</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1053 + +. +Foo +--- +bar +. +<h2>Foo</h2> +<p>bar</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1066 + +. +* Foo +* * * +* Bar +. +<ul> +<li>Foo</li> +</ul> +<hr /> +<ul> +<li>Bar</li> +</ul> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1083 + +. +- Foo +- * * * +. +<ul> +<li>Foo</li> +<li> +<hr /> +</li> +</ul> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1112 + +. +# foo +## foo +### foo +#### foo +##### foo +###### foo +. +<h1>foo</h1> +<h2>foo</h2> +<h3>foo</h3> +<h4>foo</h4> +<h5>foo</h5> +<h6>foo</h6> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1131 + +. +####### foo +. +<p>####### foo</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1146 + +. +#5 bolt + +#hashtag +. +<p>#5 bolt</p> +<p>#hashtag</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1158 + +. +\## foo +. +<p>## foo</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1167 + +. +# foo *bar* \*baz\* +. +<h1>foo <em>bar</em> *baz*</h1> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1176 + +. +# foo +. +<h1>foo</h1> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1185 + +. + ### foo + ## foo + # foo +. +<h3>foo</h3> +<h2>foo</h2> +<h1>foo</h1> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1198 + +. + # foo +. +<pre><code># foo +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1206 + +. +foo + # bar +. +<p>foo +# bar</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1217 + +. +## foo ## + ### bar ### +. +<h2>foo</h2> +<h3>bar</h3> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1228 + +. +# foo ################################## +##### foo ## +. +<h1>foo</h1> +<h5>foo</h5> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1239 + +. +### foo ### +. +<h3>foo</h3> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1250 + +. +### foo ### b +. +<h3>foo ### b</h3> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1259 + +. +# foo# +. +<h1>foo#</h1> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1269 + +. +### foo \### +## foo #\## +# foo \# +. +<h3>foo ###</h3> +<h2>foo ###</h2> +<h1>foo #</h1> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1283 + +. +**** +## foo +**** +. +<hr /> +<h2>foo</h2> +<hr /> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1294 + +. +Foo bar +# baz +Bar foo +. +<p>Foo bar</p> +<h1>baz</h1> +<p>Bar foo</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1307 + +. +## +# +### ### +. +<h2></h2> +<h1></h1> +<h3></h3> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1350 + +. +Foo *bar* +========= + +Foo *bar* +--------- +. +<h1>Foo <em>bar</em></h1> +<h2>Foo <em>bar</em></h2> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1364 + +. +Foo *bar +baz* +==== +. +<h1>Foo <em>bar +baz</em></h1> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1378 + +. + Foo *bar +baz* +==== +. +<h1>Foo <em>bar +baz</em></h1> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1390 + +. +Foo +------------------------- + +Foo += +. +<h2>Foo</h2> +<h1>Foo</h1> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1405 + +. + Foo +--- + + Foo +----- + + Foo + === +. +<h2>Foo</h2> +<h2>Foo</h2> +<h1>Foo</h1> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1423 + +. + Foo + --- + + Foo +--- +. +<pre><code>Foo +--- + +Foo +</code></pre> +<hr /> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1442 + +. +Foo + ---- +. +<h2>Foo</h2> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1452 + +. +Foo + --- +. +<p>Foo +---</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1463 + +. +Foo += = + +Foo +--- - +. +<p>Foo += =</p> +<p>Foo</p> +<hr /> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1479 + +. +Foo +----- +. +<h2>Foo</h2> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1489 + +. +Foo\ +---- +. +<h2>Foo\</h2> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1500 + +. +`Foo +---- +` + +<a title="a lot +--- +of dashes"/> +. +<h2>`Foo</h2> +<p>`</p> +<h2><a title="a lot</h2> +<p>of dashes"/></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1519 + +. +> Foo +--- +. +<blockquote> +<p>Foo</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1530 + +. +> foo +bar +=== +. +<blockquote> +<p>foo +bar +===</p> +</blockquote> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1543 + +. +- Foo +--- +. +<ul> +<li>Foo</li> +</ul> +<hr /> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1558 + +. +Foo +Bar +--- +. +<h2>Foo +Bar</h2> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1571 + +. +--- +Foo +--- +Bar +--- +Baz +. +<hr /> +<h2>Foo</h2> +<h2>Bar</h2> +<p>Baz</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1588 + +. + +==== +. +<p>====</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1600 + +. +--- +--- +. +<hr /> +<hr /> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1609 + +. +- foo +----- +. +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +</ul> +<hr /> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1620 + +. + foo +--- +. +<pre><code>foo +</code></pre> +<hr /> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1630 + +. +> foo +----- +. +<blockquote> +<p>foo</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1644 + +. +\> foo +------ +. +<h2>> foo</h2> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1675 + +. +Foo + +bar +--- +baz +. +<p>Foo</p> +<h2>bar</h2> +<p>baz</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1691 + +. +Foo +bar + +--- + +baz +. +<p>Foo +bar</p> +<hr /> +<p>baz</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1709 + +. +Foo +bar +* * * +baz +. +<p>Foo +bar</p> +<hr /> +<p>baz</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1724 + +. +Foo +bar +\--- +baz +. +<p>Foo +bar +--- +baz</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1752 + +. + a simple + indented code block +. +<pre><code>a simple + indented code block +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1766 + +. + - foo + + bar +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<p>bar</p> +</li> +</ul> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1780 + +. +1. foo + + - bar +. +<ol> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<ul> +<li>bar</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ol> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1800 + +. + <a/> + *hi* + + - one +. +<pre><code><a/> +*hi* + +- one +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1816 + +. + chunk1 + + chunk2 + + + + chunk3 +. +<pre><code>chunk1 + +chunk2 + + + +chunk3 +</code></pre> +. + 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1983 + +. +``` +< + > +``` +. +<pre><code>< + > +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 1997 + +. +~~~ +< + > +~~~ +. +<pre><code>< + > +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2010 + +. +`` +foo +`` +. +<p><code>foo</code></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2021 + +. +``` +aaa +~~~ +``` +. +<pre><code>aaa +~~~ +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2033 + +. +~~~ +aaa +``` +~~~ +. +<pre><code>aaa +``` +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2047 + +. +```` +aaa +``` +`````` +. +<pre><code>aaa +``` +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2059 + +. +~~~~ +aaa +~~~ +~~~~ +. +<pre><code>aaa +~~~ +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2074 + +. +``` +. +<pre><code></code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2081 + +. +````` + +``` +aaa +. +<pre><code> +``` +aaa +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2094 + +. +> ``` +> aaa + +bbb +. +<blockquote> +<pre><code>aaa +</code></pre> +</blockquote> +<p>bbb</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2110 + +. +``` + + +``` +. +<pre><code> + +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2124 + +. +``` +``` +. +<pre><code></code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2136 + +. + ``` + aaa +aaa +``` +. +<pre><code>aaa +aaa +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2148 + +. + ``` +aaa + aaa +aaa + ``` +. +<pre><code>aaa +aaa +aaa +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2162 + +. + ``` + aaa + aaa + aaa + ``` +. +<pre><code>aaa + aaa +aaa +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2178 + +. + ``` + aaa + ``` +. +<pre><code>``` +aaa +``` +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2193 + +. +``` +aaa + ``` +. +<pre><code>aaa +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2203 + +. + ``` +aaa + ``` +. +<pre><code>aaa +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2215 + +. +``` +aaa + ``` +. +<pre><code>aaa + ``` +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2229 + +. +``` ``` +aaa +. +<p><code> </code> +aaa</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2238 + +. +~~~~~~ +aaa +~~~ ~~ +. +<pre><code>aaa +~~~ ~~ +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2252 + +. +foo +``` +bar +``` +baz +. +<p>foo</p> +<pre><code>bar +</code></pre> +<p>baz</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2269 + +. +foo +--- +~~~ +bar +~~~ +# baz +. +<h2>foo</h2> +<pre><code>bar +</code></pre> +<h1>baz</h1> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2291 + +. +```ruby +def foo(x) + return 3 +end +``` +. +<pre><code class="language-ruby">def foo(x) + return 3 +end +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2305 + +. +~~~~ ruby startline=3 $%@#$ +def foo(x) + return 3 +end +~~~~~~~ +. +<pre><code class="language-ruby">def foo(x) + return 3 +end +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2319 + +. +````; +```` +. +<pre><code class="language-;"></code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2329 + +. +``` aa ``` +foo +. +<p><code>aa</code> +foo</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2340 + +. +~~~ aa ``` ~~~ +foo +~~~ +. +<pre><code class="language-aa">foo +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2352 + +. +``` +``` aaa +``` +. +<pre><code>``` aaa +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2431 + +. +<table><tr><td> +<pre> +**Hello**, + +_world_. +</pre> +</td></tr></table> +. +<table><tr><td> +<pre> +**Hello**, +<p><em>world</em>. +</pre></p> +</td></tr></table> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2460 + +. +<table> + <tr> + <td> + hi + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +okay. +. +<table> + <tr> + <td> + hi + </td> + </tr> +</table> +<p>okay.</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2482 + +. + <div> + *hello* + <foo><a> +. + <div> + *hello* + <foo><a> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2495 + +. +</div> +*foo* +. +</div> +*foo* +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2506 + +. +<DIV CLASS="foo"> + +*Markdown* + +</DIV> +. +<DIV CLASS="foo"> +<p><em>Markdown</em></p> +</DIV> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2522 + +. +<div id="foo" + class="bar"> +</div> +. +<div id="foo" + class="bar"> +</div> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2533 + +. +<div id="foo" class="bar + baz"> +</div> +. +<div id="foo" class="bar + baz"> +</div> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2545 + +. +<div> +*foo* + +*bar* +. +<div> +*foo* +<p><em>bar</em></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2561 + +. +<div id="foo" +*hi* +. +<div id="foo" +*hi* +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2570 + +. +<div class +foo +. +<div class +foo +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2582 + +. +<div *???-&&&-<--- +*foo* +. +<div *???-&&&-<--- +*foo* +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2594 + +. +<div><a href="bar">*foo*</a></div> +. +<div><a href="bar">*foo*</a></div> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2601 + +. +<table><tr><td> +foo +</td></tr></table> +. +<table><tr><td> +foo +</td></tr></table> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2618 + +. +<div></div> +``` c +int x = 33; +``` +. +<div></div> +``` c +int x = 33; +``` +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2635 + +. +<a href="foo"> +*bar* +</a> +. +<a href="foo"> +*bar* +</a> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2648 + +. +<Warning> +*bar* +</Warning> +. +<Warning> +*bar* +</Warning> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2659 + +. +<i class="foo"> +*bar* +</i> +. +<i class="foo"> +*bar* +</i> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2670 + +. +</ins> +*bar* +. +</ins> +*bar* +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2685 + +. +<del> +*foo* +</del> +. +<del> +*foo* +</del> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2700 + +. +<del> + +*foo* + +</del> +. +<del> +<p><em>foo</em></p> +</del> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2718 + +. +<del>*foo*</del> +. +<p><del><em>foo</em></del></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2734 + +. +<pre language="haskell"><code> +import Text.HTML.TagSoup + +main :: IO () +main = print $ parseTags tags +</code></pre> +okay +. +<pre language="haskell"><code> +import Text.HTML.TagSoup + +main :: IO () +main = print $ parseTags tags +</code></pre> +<p>okay</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2755 + +. +<script type="text/javascript"> +// JavaScript example + +document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "Hello JavaScript!"; +</script> +okay +. +<script type="text/javascript"> +// JavaScript example + +document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "Hello JavaScript!"; +</script> +<p>okay</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2774 + +. +<textarea> + +*foo* + +_bar_ + +</textarea> +. +<textarea> + +*foo* + +_bar_ + +</textarea> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2794 + +. +<style + type="text/css"> +h1 {color:red;} + +p {color:blue;} +</style> +okay +. +<style + type="text/css"> +h1 {color:red;} + +p {color:blue;} +</style> +<p>okay</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2817 + +. +<style + type="text/css"> + +foo +. +<style + type="text/css"> + +foo +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2830 + +. +> <div> +> foo + +bar +. +<blockquote> +<div> +foo +</blockquote> +<p>bar</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2844 + +. +- <div> +- foo +. +<ul> +<li> +<div> +</li> +<li>foo</li> +</ul> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2859 + +. +<style>p{color:red;}</style> +*foo* +. +<style>p{color:red;}</style> +<p><em>foo</em></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2868 + +. +<!-- foo -->*bar* +*baz* +. +<!-- foo -->*bar* +<p><em>baz</em></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2880 + +. +<script> +foo +</script>1. *bar* +. +<script> +foo +</script>1. *bar* +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2893 + +. +<!-- Foo + +bar + baz --> +okay +. +<!-- Foo + +bar + baz --> +<p>okay</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2911 + +. +<?php + + echo '>'; + +?> +okay +. +<?php + + echo '>'; + +?> +<p>okay</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2930 + +. +<!DOCTYPE html> +. +<!DOCTYPE html> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2939 + +. +<![CDATA[ +function matchwo(a,b) +{ + if (a < b && a < 0) then { + return 1; + + } else { + + return 0; + } +} +]]> +okay +. +<![CDATA[ +function matchwo(a,b) +{ + if (a < b && a < 0) then { + return 1; + + } else { + + return 0; + } +} +]]> +<p>okay</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2973 + +. + <!-- foo --> + + <!-- foo --> +. + <!-- foo --> +<pre><code><!-- foo --> +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2984 + +. + <div> + + <div> +. + <div> +<pre><code><div> +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 2998 + +. +Foo +<div> +bar +</div> +. +<p>Foo</p> +<div> +bar +</div> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3015 + +. +<div> +bar +</div> +*foo* +. +<div> +bar +</div> +*foo* +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3030 + +. +Foo +<a href="bar"> +baz +. +<p>Foo +<a href="bar"> +baz</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3071 + +. +<div> + +*Emphasized* text. + +</div> +. +<div> +<p><em>Emphasized</em> text.</p> +</div> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3084 + +. +<div> +*Emphasized* text. +</div> +. +<div> +*Emphasized* text. +</div> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3106 + +. +<table> + +<tr> + +<td> +Hi +</td> + +</tr> + +</table> +. +<table> +<tr> +<td> +Hi +</td> +</tr> +</table> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3133 + +. +<table> + + <tr> + + <td> + Hi + </td> + + </tr> + +</table> +. +<table> + <tr> +<pre><code><td> + Hi +</td> +</code></pre> + </tr> +</table> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3182 + +. +[foo]: /url "title" + +[foo] +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title">foo</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3191 + +. + [foo]: + /url + 'the title' + +[foo] +. +<p><a href="/url" title="the title">foo</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3202 + +. +[Foo*bar\]]:my_(url) 'title (with parens)' + +[Foo*bar\]] +. +<p><a href="my_(url)" title="title (with parens)">Foo*bar]</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3211 + +. +[Foo bar]: +<my url> +'title' + +[Foo bar] +. +<p><a href="my%20url" title="title">Foo bar</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3224 + +. +[foo]: /url ' +title +line1 +line2 +' + +[foo] +. +<p><a href="/url" title=" +title +line1 +line2 +">foo</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3243 + +. +[foo]: /url 'title + +with blank line' + +[foo] +. +<p>[foo]: /url 'title</p> +<p>with blank line'</p> +<p>[foo]</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3258 + +. +[foo]: +/url + +[foo] +. +<p><a href="/url">foo</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3270 + +. +[foo]: + +[foo] +. +<p>[foo]:</p> +<p>[foo]</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3282 + +. +[foo]: <> + +[foo] +. +<p><a href="">foo</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3293 + +. +[foo]: <bar>(baz) + +[foo] +. +<p>[foo]: <bar>(baz)</p> +<p>[foo]</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3306 + +. +[foo]: /url\bar\*baz "foo\"bar\baz" + +[foo] +. +<p><a href="/url%5Cbar*baz" title="foo"bar\baz">foo</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3317 + +. +[foo] + +[foo]: url +. +<p><a href="url">foo</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3329 + +. +[foo] + +[foo]: first +[foo]: second +. +<p><a href="first">foo</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3342 + +. +[FOO]: /url + +[Foo] +. +<p><a href="/url">Foo</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3351 + +. +[ΑΓΩ]: /φου + +[αγω] +. +<p><a href="/%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%85">αγω</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3366 + +. +[foo]: /url +. +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3374 + +. +[ +foo +]: /url +bar +. +<p>bar</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3387 + +. +[foo]: /url "title" ok +. +<p>[foo]: /url "title" ok</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3396 + +. +[foo]: /url +"title" ok +. +<p>"title" ok</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3407 + +. + [foo]: /url "title" + +[foo] +. +<pre><code>[foo]: /url "title" +</code></pre> +<p>[foo]</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3421 + +. +``` +[foo]: /url +``` + +[foo] +. +<pre><code>[foo]: /url +</code></pre> +<p>[foo]</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3436 + +. +Foo +[bar]: /baz + +[bar] +. +<p>Foo +[bar]: /baz</p> +<p>[bar]</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3451 + +. +# [Foo] +[foo]: /url +> bar +. +<h1><a href="/url">Foo</a></h1> +<blockquote> +<p>bar</p> +</blockquote> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3462 + +. +[foo]: /url +bar +=== +[foo] +. +<h1>bar</h1> +<p><a href="/url">foo</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3472 + +. +[foo]: /url +=== +[foo] +. +<p>=== +<a href="/url">foo</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3485 + +. +[foo]: /foo-url "foo" +[bar]: /bar-url + "bar" +[baz]: /baz-url + +[foo], +[bar], +[baz] +. +<p><a href="/foo-url" title="foo">foo</a>, +<a href="/bar-url" title="bar">bar</a>, +<a href="/baz-url">baz</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3506 + +. +[foo] + +> [foo]: /url +. +<p><a href="/url">foo</a></p> +<blockquote> +</blockquote> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3528 + +. +aaa + +bbb +. +<p>aaa</p> +<p>bbb</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3540 + +. +aaa +bbb + +ccc +ddd +. +<p>aaa +bbb</p> +<p>ccc +ddd</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3556 + +. +aaa + + +bbb +. +<p>aaa</p> +<p>bbb</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3569 + +. + aaa + bbb +. +<p>aaa +bbb</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3581 + +. +aaa + bbb + ccc +. +<p>aaa +bbb +ccc</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3595 + +. + aaa +bbb +. +<p>aaa +bbb</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3604 + +. + aaa +bbb +. +<pre><code>aaa +</code></pre> +<p>bbb</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3618 + +. +aaa +bbb +. +<p>aaa<br /> +bbb</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3635 + +. + + +aaa + + +# aaa + + +. +<p>aaa</p> +<h1>aaa</h1> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3703 + +. +> # Foo +> bar +> baz +. +<blockquote> +<h1>Foo</h1> +<p>bar +baz</p> +</blockquote> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3718 + +. +># Foo +>bar +> baz +. +<blockquote> +<h1>Foo</h1> +<p>bar +baz</p> +</blockquote> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3733 + +. + > # Foo + > bar + > baz +. +<blockquote> +<h1>Foo</h1> +<p>bar +baz</p> +</blockquote> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3748 + +. + > # Foo + > bar + > baz +. +<pre><code>> # Foo +> bar +> baz +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3763 + +. +> # Foo +> bar +baz +. +<blockquote> +<h1>Foo</h1> +<p>bar +baz</p> +</blockquote> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3779 + +. +> bar +baz +> foo +. +<blockquote> +<p>bar +baz +foo</p> +</blockquote> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3803 + +. +> foo +--- +. +<blockquote> +<p>foo</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3823 + +. +> - foo +- bar +. +<blockquote> +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +</ul> +</blockquote> +<ul> +<li>bar</li> +</ul> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3841 + +. +> foo + bar +. +<blockquote> +<pre><code>foo +</code></pre> +</blockquote> +<pre><code>bar +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3854 + +. +> ``` +foo +``` +. +<blockquote> +<pre><code></code></pre> +</blockquote> +<p>foo</p> +<pre><code></code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3870 + +. +> foo + - bar +. +<blockquote> +<p>foo +- bar</p> +</blockquote> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3894 + +. +> +. +<blockquote> +</blockquote> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3902 + +. +> +> +> +. +<blockquote> +</blockquote> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3914 + +. +> +> foo +> +. +<blockquote> +<p>foo</p> +</blockquote> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3927 + +. +> foo + +> bar +. +<blockquote> +<p>foo</p> +</blockquote> +<blockquote> +<p>bar</p> +</blockquote> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3949 + +. +> foo +> bar +. +<blockquote> +<p>foo +bar</p> +</blockquote> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3962 + +. +> foo +> +> bar +. +<blockquote> +<p>foo</p> +<p>bar</p> +</blockquote> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3976 + +. +foo +> bar +. +<p>foo</p> +<blockquote> +<p>bar</p> +</blockquote> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 3990 + +. +> aaa +*** +> bbb +. +<blockquote> +<p>aaa</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +<blockquote> +<p>bbb</p> +</blockquote> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 4008 + +. +> bar +baz +. +<blockquote> +<p>bar +baz</p> +</blockquote> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 4019 + +. +> bar + +baz +. +<blockquote> +<p>bar</p> +</blockquote> +<p>baz</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 4031 + +. +> bar +> +baz +. +<blockquote> +<p>bar</p> +</blockquote> +<p>baz</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 4047 + +. +> > > foo +bar +. +<blockquote> +<blockquote> +<blockquote> +<p>foo +bar</p> +</blockquote> +</blockquote> +</blockquote> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 4062 + +. +>>> foo +> bar +>>baz +. +<blockquote> +<blockquote> +<blockquote> +<p>foo +bar +baz</p> +</blockquote> +</blockquote> +</blockquote> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 4084 + +. +> code + +> not code +. +<blockquote> +<pre><code>code +</code></pre> +</blockquote> +<blockquote> +<p>not code</p> +</blockquote> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 4138 + +. +A paragraph +with two lines. + + indented code + +> A block quote. +. +<p>A paragraph +with two lines.</p> +<pre><code>indented code +</code></pre> +<blockquote> +<p>A block quote.</p> +</blockquote> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 4160 + +. +1. A paragraph + with two lines. + + indented code + + > A block quote. +. +<ol> +<li> +<p>A paragraph +with two lines.</p> +<pre><code>indented code +</code></pre> +<blockquote> +<p>A block quote.</p> +</blockquote> +</li> +</ol> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 4193 + +. +- one + + two +. +<ul> +<li>one</li> +</ul> +<p>two</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 4205 + +. +- one + + two +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>one</p> +<p>two</p> +</li> +</ul> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 4219 + +. + - one + + two +. +<ul> +<li>one</li> +</ul> +<pre><code> two +</code></pre> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 4232 + +. + - one + + two +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>one</p> +<p>two</p> +</li> +</ul> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 4254 + +. + > > 1. one +>> +>> two +. +<blockquote> +<blockquote> +<ol> +<li> +<p>one</p> +<p>two</p> +</li> +</ol> +</blockquote> +</blockquote> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 4281 + +. +>>- one +>> + > > two +. +<blockquote> +<blockquote> +<ul> +<li>one</li> +</ul> +<p>two</p> +</blockquote> +</blockquote> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 4300 + +. +-one + +2.two +. +<p>-one</p> +<p>2.two</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 4313 + +. +- foo + + + bar +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<p>bar</p> +</li> +</ul> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 4330 + +. +1. foo + + ``` + bar + ``` + + baz + + > bam +. +<ol> +<li> +<p>foo</p> +<pre><code>bar +</code></pre> +<p>baz</p> +<blockquote> +<p>bam</p> +</blockquote> +</li> +</ol> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 4358 + +. +- Foo + + bar + + + baz +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>Foo</p> +<pre><code>bar + + +baz +</code></pre> +</li> +</ul> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 4380 + +. +123456789. ok +. +<ol start="123456789"> +<li>ok</li> +</ol> +. + 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A paragraph + with two lines. + + indented code + + > A block quote. +. +<ol> +<li> +<p>A paragraph +with two lines.</p> +<pre><code>indented code +</code></pre> +<blockquote> +<p>A block quote.</p> +</blockquote> +</li> +</ol> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 4750 + +. + 1. A paragraph + with two lines. + + indented code + + > A block quote. +. +<ol> +<li> +<p>A paragraph +with two lines.</p> +<pre><code>indented code +</code></pre> +<blockquote> +<p>A block quote.</p> +</blockquote> +</li> +</ol> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 4774 + +. + 1. A paragraph + with two lines. + + indented code + + > A block quote. +. +<ol> +<li> +<p>A paragraph +with two lines.</p> +<pre><code>indented code +</code></pre> +<blockquote> +<p>A block quote.</p> +</blockquote> +</li> +</ol> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 4798 + +. + 1. A paragraph + with two lines. + + indented code + + > A block quote. +. +<pre><code>1. 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+<p>[foo<a href="http://example.com/?search=%5D%5Bref%5D">http://example.com/?search=][ref]</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8106 + +. +[foo][BaR] + +[bar]: /url "title" +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title">foo</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8117 + +. +[ẞ] + +[SS]: /url +. +<p><a href="/url">ẞ</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8129 + +. +[Foo + bar]: /url + +[Baz][Foo bar] +. +<p><a href="/url">Baz</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8142 + +. +[foo] [bar] + +[bar]: /url "title" +. +<p>[foo] <a href="/url" title="title">bar</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8151 + +. +[foo] +[bar] + +[bar]: /url "title" +. +<p>[foo] +<a href="/url" title="title">bar</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8192 + +. +[foo]: /url1 + +[foo]: /url2 + +[bar][foo] +. +<p><a href="/url1">bar</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8207 + +. +[bar][foo\!] + +[foo!]: /url +. +<p>[bar][foo!]</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8219 + +. +[foo][ref[] + +[ref[]: /uri +. +<p>[foo][ref[]</p> +<p>[ref[]: /uri</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8229 + +. +[foo][ref[bar]] + +[ref[bar]]: /uri +. +<p>[foo][ref[bar]]</p> +<p>[ref[bar]]: /uri</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8239 + +. +[[[foo]]] + +[[[foo]]]: /url +. +<p>[[[foo]]]</p> +<p>[[[foo]]]: /url</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8249 + +. +[foo][ref\[] + +[ref\[]: /uri +. +<p><a href="/uri">foo</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8260 + +. +[bar\\]: /uri + +[bar\\] +. +<p><a href="/uri">bar\</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8272 + +. +[] + +[]: /uri +. +<p>[]</p> +<p>[]: /uri</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8282 + +. +[ + ] + +[ + ]: /uri +. +<p>[ +]</p> +<p>[ +]: /uri</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8305 + +. +[foo][] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title">foo</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8314 + +. +[*foo* bar][] + +[*foo* bar]: /url "title" +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title"><em>foo</em> bar</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8325 + +. +[Foo][] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title">Foo</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8338 + +. +[foo] +[] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title">foo</a> +[]</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8358 + +. +[foo] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title">foo</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8367 + +. +[*foo* bar] + +[*foo* bar]: /url "title" +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title"><em>foo</em> bar</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8376 + +. +[[*foo* bar]] + +[*foo* bar]: /url "title" +. +<p>[<a href="/url" title="title"><em>foo</em> bar</a>]</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8385 + +. +[[bar [foo] + +[foo]: /url +. +<p>[[bar <a href="/url">foo</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8396 + +. +[Foo] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><a href="/url" title="title">Foo</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8407 + +. +[foo] bar + +[foo]: /url +. +<p><a href="/url">foo</a> bar</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8419 + +. +\[foo] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p>[foo]</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8431 + +. +[foo*]: /url + +*[foo*] +. +<p>*<a href="/url">foo*</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8443 + +. +[foo][bar] + +[foo]: /url1 +[bar]: /url2 +. +<p><a href="/url2">foo</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8452 + +. +[foo][] + +[foo]: /url1 +. +<p><a href="/url1">foo</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8462 + +. +[foo]() + +[foo]: /url1 +. +<p><a href="">foo</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8470 + +. +[foo](not a link) + +[foo]: /url1 +. +<p><a href="/url1">foo</a>(not a link)</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8481 + +. +[foo][bar][baz] + +[baz]: /url +. +<p>[foo]<a href="/url">bar</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8493 + +. +[foo][bar][baz] + +[baz]: /url1 +[bar]: /url2 +. +<p><a href="/url2">foo</a><a href="/url1">baz</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8506 + +. +[foo][bar][baz] + +[baz]: /url1 +[foo]: /url2 +. +<p>[foo]<a href="/url1">bar</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8529 + +. + +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="foo" title="title" /></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8536 + +. +![foo *bar*] + +[foo *bar*]: train.jpg "train & tracks" +. +<p><img src="train.jpg" alt="foo bar" title="train & tracks" /></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8545 + +. +](/url2) +. +<p><img src="/url2" alt="foo bar" /></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8552 + +. +](/url2) +. +<p><img src="/url2" alt="foo bar" /></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8566 + +. +![foo *bar*][] + +[foo *bar*]: train.jpg "train & tracks" +. +<p><img src="train.jpg" alt="foo bar" title="train & tracks" /></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8575 + +. +![foo *bar*][foobar] + +[FOOBAR]: train.jpg "train & tracks" +. +<p><img src="train.jpg" alt="foo bar" title="train & tracks" /></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8584 + +. + +. +<p><img src="train.jpg" alt="foo" /></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8591 + +. +My  +. +<p>My <img src="/path/to/train.jpg" alt="foo bar" title="title" /></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8598 + +. + +. +<p><img src="url" alt="foo" /></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8605 + +. + +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="" /></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8614 + +. +![foo][bar] + +[bar]: /url +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="foo" /></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8623 + +. +![foo][bar] + +[BAR]: /url +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="foo" /></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8634 + +. +![foo][] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="foo" title="title" /></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8643 + +. +![*foo* bar][] + +[*foo* bar]: /url "title" +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="foo bar" title="title" /></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8654 + +. +![Foo][] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="Foo" title="title" /></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8666 + +. +![foo] +[] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="foo" title="title" /> +[]</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8679 + +. +![foo] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="foo" title="title" /></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8688 + +. +![*foo* bar] + +[*foo* bar]: /url "title" +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="foo bar" title="title" /></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8699 + +. +![[foo]] + +[[foo]]: /url "title" +. +<p>![[foo]]</p> +<p>[[foo]]: /url "title"</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8711 + +. +![Foo] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p><img src="/url" alt="Foo" title="title" /></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8723 + +. +!\[foo] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p>![foo]</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8735 + +. +\![foo] + +[foo]: /url "title" +. +<p>!<a href="/url" title="title">foo</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8768 + +. +<http://foo.bar.baz> +. +<p><a href="http://foo.bar.baz">http://foo.bar.baz</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8775 + +. +<http://foo.bar.baz/test?q=hello&id=22&boolean> +. +<p><a href="http://foo.bar.baz/test?q=hello&id=22&boolean">http://foo.bar.baz/test?q=hello&id=22&boolean</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8782 + +. +<irc://foo.bar:2233/baz> +. +<p><a href="irc://foo.bar:2233/baz">irc://foo.bar:2233/baz</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8791 + +. +<MAILTO:FOO@BAR.BAZ> +. +<p><a href="MAILTO:FOO@BAR.BAZ">MAILTO:FOO@BAR.BAZ</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8803 + +. +<a+b+c:d> +. +<p><a href="a+b+c:d">a+b+c:d</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8810 + +. +<made-up-scheme://foo,bar> +. +<p><a href="made-up-scheme://foo,bar">made-up-scheme://foo,bar</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8817 + +. +<http://../> +. +<p><a href="http://../">http://../</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8824 + +. +<localhost:5001/foo> +. +<p><a href="localhost:5001/foo">localhost:5001/foo</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8833 + +. +<http://foo.bar/baz bim> +. +<p><http://foo.bar/baz bim></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8842 + +. +<http://example.com/\[\> +. +<p><a href="http://example.com/%5C%5B%5C">http://example.com/\[\</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8864 + +. +<foo@bar.example.com> +. +<p><a href="mailto:foo@bar.example.com">foo@bar.example.com</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8871 + +. +<foo+special@Bar.baz-bar0.com> +. +<p><a href="mailto:foo+special@Bar.baz-bar0.com">foo+special@Bar.baz-bar0.com</a></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8880 + +. +<foo\+@bar.example.com> +. +<p><foo+@bar.example.com></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8889 + +. +<> +. +<p><></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8896 + +. +< http://foo.bar > +. +<p>< http://foo.bar ></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8903 + +. +<m:abc> +. +<p><m:abc></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8910 + +. +<foo.bar.baz> +. +<p><foo.bar.baz></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8917 + +. +http://example.com +. +<p>http://example.com</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 8924 + +. +foo@bar.example.com +. +<p>foo@bar.example.com</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9005 + +. +<a><bab><c2c> +. +<p><a><bab><c2c></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9014 + +. +<a/><b2/> +. +<p><a/><b2/></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9023 + +. +<a /><b2 +data="foo" > +. +<p><a /><b2 +data="foo" ></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9034 + +. +<a foo="bar" bam = 'baz <em>"</em>' +_boolean zoop:33=zoop:33 /> +. +<p><a foo="bar" bam = 'baz <em>"</em>' +_boolean zoop:33=zoop:33 /></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9045 + +. +Foo <responsive-image src="foo.jpg" /> +. +<p>Foo <responsive-image src="foo.jpg" /></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9054 + +. +<33> <__> +. +<p><33> <__></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9063 + +. +<a h*#ref="hi"> +. +<p><a h*#ref="hi"></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9072 + +. +<a href="hi'> <a href=hi'> +. +<p><a href="hi'> <a href=hi'></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9081 + +. +< a>< +foo><bar/ > +<foo bar=baz +bim!bop /> +. +<p>< a>< +foo><bar/ > +<foo bar=baz +bim!bop /></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9096 + +. +<a href='bar'title=title> +. +<p><a href='bar'title=title></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9105 + +. +</a></foo > +. +<p></a></foo ></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9114 + +. +</a href="foo"> +. +<p></a href="foo"></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9123 + +. +foo <!-- this is a +comment - with hyphen --> +. +<p>foo <!-- this is a +comment - with hyphen --></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9132 + +. +foo <!-- not a comment -- two hyphens --> +. +<p>foo <!-- not a comment -- two hyphens --></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9141 + +. +foo <!--> foo --> + +foo <!-- foo---> +. +<p>foo <!--> foo --></p> +<p>foo <!-- foo---></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9153 + +. +foo <?php echo $a; ?> +. +<p>foo <?php echo $a; ?></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9162 + +. +foo <!ELEMENT br EMPTY> +. +<p>foo <!ELEMENT br EMPTY></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9171 + +. +foo <![CDATA[>&<]]> +. +<p>foo <![CDATA[>&<]]></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9181 + +. +foo <a href="ö"> +. +<p>foo <a href="ö"></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9190 + +. +foo <a href="\*"> +. +<p>foo <a href="\*"></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9197 + +. +<a href="\""> +. +<p><a href="""></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9211 + +. +foo +baz +. +<p>foo<br /> +baz</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9223 + +. +foo\ +baz +. +<p>foo<br /> +baz</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9234 + +. +foo +baz +. +<p>foo<br /> +baz</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9245 + +. +foo + bar +. +<p>foo<br /> +bar</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9254 + +. +foo\ + bar +. +<p>foo<br /> +bar</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9266 + +. +*foo +bar* +. +<p><em>foo<br /> +bar</em></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9275 + +. +*foo\ +bar* +. +<p><em>foo<br /> +bar</em></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9286 + +. +`code +span` +. +<p><code>code span</code></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9294 + +. +`code\ +span` +. +<p><code>code\ span</code></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9304 + +. +<a href="foo +bar"> +. +<p><a href="foo +bar"></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9313 + +. +<a href="foo\ +bar"> +. +<p><a href="foo\ +bar"></p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9326 + +. +foo\ +. +<p>foo\</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9333 + +. +foo +. +<p>foo</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9340 + +. +### foo\ +. +<h3>foo\</h3> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9347 + +. +### foo +. +<h3>foo</h3> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9362 + +. +foo +baz +. +<p>foo +baz</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9374 + +. +foo + baz +. +<p>foo +baz</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9394 + +. +hello $.;'there +. +<p>hello $.;'there</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9401 + +. +Foo χρῆν +. +<p>Foo χρῆν</p> +. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +src line: 9410 + +. +Multiple spaces +. +<p>Multiple spaces</p> +. + diff --git a/tests/test_port/fixtures/fatal.md b/tests/test_port/fixtures/fatal.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7b2afcf --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_port/fixtures/fatal.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +Should not throw exception on invalid chars in URL (`*` not allowed in path) [malformed URI] +. +[foo](<%test>) +. +<p><a href="%25test">foo</a></p> +. + + +Should not throw exception on broken utf-8 sequence in URL [malformed URI] +. +[foo](%C3) +. +<p><a href="%C3">foo</a></p> +. + + +Should not throw exception on broken utf-16 surrogates sequence in URL [malformed URI] +. +[foo](�) +. +<p><a href="&#xD800;">foo</a></p> +. + + +Should not hang comments regexp +. +foo <!--- xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx -> + +foo <!-------------------------------------------------------------------> +. +<p>foo <!— xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx -></p> +<p>foo <!-------------------------------------------------------------------></p> +. + + +Should not hang cdata regexp +. +foo <![CDATA[ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ]> +. +<p>foo <![CDATA[ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ]></p> +. diff --git a/tests/test_port/fixtures/issue-fixes.md b/tests/test_port/fixtures/issue-fixes.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0c693b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_port/fixtures/issue-fixes.md @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +#31 empty lines after certain lists raises exception: +. +> a + +- b + + +. +<blockquote> +<p>a</p> +</blockquote> +<ul> +<li>b</li> +</ul> +. + +#50 blank lines after block quotes +. +> A Block Quote + +> Another Block Quote + + +. +<blockquote> +<p>A Block Quote</p> +</blockquote> +<blockquote> +<p>Another Block Quote</p> +</blockquote> +. + +#80 UnicodeError with codepoints larger than 0xFFFF +. +💬 +. +<p>💬</p> +. diff --git a/tests/test_port/fixtures/linkify.md b/tests/test_port/fixtures/linkify.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9edb78f --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_port/fixtures/linkify.md @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +linkify +. +url http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Jt5GEr4AYg. +. +<p>url <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Jt5GEr4AYg">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Jt5GEr4AYg</a>.</p> +. + + +don't touch text in links +. +[https://example.com](https://example.com) +. +<p><a href="https://example.com">https://example.com</a></p> +. + + +don't touch text in autolinks +. +<https://example.com> +. +<p><a href="https://example.com">https://example.com</a></p> +. + + +don't touch text in html <a> tags +. +<a href="https://example.com">https://example.com</a> +. +<p><a href="https://example.com">https://example.com</a></p> +. + + +match links without protocol +. +www.example.org +. +<p><a href="http://www.example.org">www.example.org</a></p> +. + + +emails +. +test@example.com + +mailto:test@example.com +. +<p><a href="mailto:test@example.com">test@example.com</a></p> +<p><a href="mailto:test@example.com">mailto:test@example.com</a></p> +. + + +typorgapher should not break href +. +http://example.com/(c) +. +<p><a href="http://example.com/(c)">http://example.com/(c)</a></p> +. + +before line +. +before +github.com +. +<p>before +<a href="http://github.com">github.com</a></p> +. + +after line +. +github.com +after +. +<p><a href="http://github.com">github.com</a> +after</p> +. + +before after lines +. +before +github.com +after +. +<p>before +<a href="http://github.com">github.com</a> +after</p> +. + +before after lines with blank line +. +before + +github.com + +after +. +<p>before</p> +<p><a href="http://github.com">github.com</a></p> +<p>after</p> +.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/test_port/fixtures/normalize.md b/tests/test_port/fixtures/normalize.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4a00508 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_port/fixtures/normalize.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ + +Encode link destination, decode text inside it: + +. +<http://example.com/α%CE%B2γ%CE%B4> +. +<p><a href="http://example.com/%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%B3%CE%B4">http://example.com/αβγδ</a></p> +. + +. +[foo](http://example.com/α%CE%B2γ%CE%B4) +. +<p><a href="http://example.com/%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%B3%CE%B4">foo</a></p> +. + + +Keep %25 as is because decoding it may break urls, #720 +. +<https://www.google.com/search?q=hello%2E%252Ehello> +. +<p><a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=hello%2E%252Ehello">https://www.google.com/search?q=hello.%252Ehello</a></p> +. + + +Don't encode domains in unknown schemas: + +. +[](skype:γγγ) +. +<p><a href="skype:%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%B3"></a></p> +. + + +Square brackets are allowed +. +[foo](https://bar]baz.org) +. +<p><a href="https://bar%5Dbaz.org">foo</a></p> +. diff --git a/tests/test_port/fixtures/proto.md b/tests/test_port/fixtures/proto.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..87fdccf --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_port/fixtures/proto.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +. +[__proto__] + +[__proto__]: blah +. +<p><a href="blah"><strong>proto</strong></a></p> +. + + +. +[hasOwnProperty] + +[hasOwnProperty]: blah +. +<p><a href="blah">hasOwnProperty</a></p> +. diff --git a/tests/test_port/fixtures/punycode.md b/tests/test_port/fixtures/punycode.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c726e82 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_port/fixtures/punycode.md @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +Should decode punycode: + +. +<http://xn--n3h.net/> +. +<p><a href="http://xn--n3h.net/">http://☃.net/</a></p> +. + +. +<http://☃.net/> +. +<p><a href="http://xn--n3h.net/">http://☃.net/</a></p> +. + +Invalid punycode: + +. +<http://xn--xn.com/> +. +<p><a href="http://xn--xn.com/">http://xn--xn.com/</a></p> +. + +Invalid punycode (non-ascii): + +. +<http://xn--γ.com/> +. +<p><a href="http://xn--xn---emd.com/">http://xn--γ.com/</a></p> +. + +Two slashes should start a domain: + +. +[](//☃.net/) +. +<p><a href="//xn--n3h.net/"></a></p> +. + +Should auto-add protocol to autolinks: + +. +test google.com foo +. +<p>test <a href="http://google.com">google.com</a> foo</p> +. + +Should support IDN in autolinks: + +. +test http://xn--n3h.net/ foo +. +<p>test <a href="http://xn--n3h.net/">http://☃.net/</a> foo</p> +. + +. +test http://☃.net/ foo +. +<p>test <a href="http://xn--n3h.net/">http://☃.net/</a> foo</p> +. + +. +test //xn--n3h.net/ foo +. +<p>test <a href="//xn--n3h.net/">//☃.net/</a> foo</p> +. + +. +test xn--n3h.net foo +. +<p>test <a href="http://xn--n3h.net">☃.net</a> foo</p> +. + +. +test xn--n3h@xn--n3h.net foo +. +<p>test <a href="mailto:xn--n3h@xn--n3h.net">xn--n3h@☃.net</a> foo</p> +. diff --git a/tests/test_port/fixtures/smartquotes.md b/tests/test_port/fixtures/smartquotes.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..70378b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_port/fixtures/smartquotes.md @@ -0,0 +1,166 @@ +Should parse nested quotes: +. +"foo 'bar' baz" + +'foo 'bar' baz' +. +<p>“foo ‘bar’ baz”</p> +<p>‘foo ‘bar’ baz’</p> +. + + +Should not overlap quotes: +. +'foo "bar' baz" +. +<p>‘foo "bar’ baz"</p> +. + + +Should match quotes on the same level: +. +"foo *bar* baz" +. +<p>“foo <em>bar</em> baz”</p> +. + + +Should handle adjacent nested quotes: +. +'"double in single"' + +"'single in double'" +. +<p>‘“double in single”’</p> +<p>“‘single in double’”</p> +. + + + +Should not match quotes on different levels: +. +*"foo* bar" + +"foo *bar"* + +*"foo* bar *baz"* +. +<p><em>"foo</em> bar"</p> +<p>"foo <em>bar"</em></p> +<p><em>"foo</em> bar <em>baz"</em></p> +. + +Smartquotes should not overlap with other tags: +. +*foo "bar* *baz" quux* +. +<p><em>foo "bar</em> <em>baz" quux</em></p> +. + + +Should try and find matching quote in this case: +. +"foo "bar 'baz" +. +<p>"foo “bar 'baz”</p> +. + + +Should not touch 'inches' in quotes: +. +"Monitor 21"" and "Monitor"" +. +<p>“Monitor 21"” and “Monitor”"</p> +. + + +Should render an apostrophe as a rsquo: +. +This isn't and can't be the best approach to implement this... +. +<p>This isn’t and can’t be the best approach to implement this…</p> +. + + +Apostrophe could end the word, that's why original smartypants replaces all of them as rsquo: +. +users' stuff +. +<p>users’ stuff</p> +. + +Quotes between punctuation chars: + +. +"(hai)". +. +<p>“(hai)”.</p> +. + +Quotes at the start/end of the tokens: +. +"*foo* bar" + +"foo *bar*" + +"*foo bar*" +. +<p>“<em>foo</em> bar”</p> +<p>“foo <em>bar</em>”</p> +<p>“<em>foo bar</em>”</p> +. + +Should treat softbreak as a space: +. +"this" +and "that". + +"this" and +"that". +. +<p>“this” +and “that”.</p> +<p>“this” and +“that”.</p> +. + +Should treat hardbreak as a space: +. +"this"\ +and "that". + +"this" and\ +"that". +. +<p>“this”<br /> +and “that”.</p> +<p>“this” and<br /> +“that”.</p> +. + +Should allow quotes adjacent to other punctuation characters, #643: +. +The dog---"'man's' best friend" +. +<p>The dog—“‘man’s’ best friend”</p> +. + +Should parse quotes adjacent to code block, #677: +. +"test `code`" + +"`code` test" +. +<p>“test <code>code</code>”</p> +<p>“<code>code</code> test”</p> +. + +Should parse quotes adjacent to inline html, #677: +. +"test <br>" + +"<br> test" +. +<p>“test <br>”</p> +<p>“<br> test”</p> +.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/test_port/fixtures/strikethrough.md b/tests/test_port/fixtures/strikethrough.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ca15b6f --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_port/fixtures/strikethrough.md @@ -0,0 +1,136 @@ +. +~~Strikeout~~ +. +<p><s>Strikeout</s></p> +. + +. +x ~~~~foo~~ bar~~ +. +<p>x <s><s>foo</s> bar</s></p> +. + +. +x ~~foo ~~bar~~~~ +. +<p>x <s>foo <s>bar</s></s></p> +. + +. +x ~~~~foo~~~~ +. +<p>x <s><s>foo</s></s></p> +. + +. +x ~~a ~~foo~~~~~~~~~~~bar~~ b~~ + +x ~~a ~~foo~~~~~~~~~~~~bar~~ b~~ +. +<p>x <s>a <s>foo</s></s>~~~<s><s>bar</s> b</s></p> +<p>x <s>a <s>foo</s></s>~~~~<s><s>bar</s> b</s></p> +. + + +Strikeouts have the same priority as emphases: +. +**~~test**~~ + +~~**test~~** +. +<p><strong>~~test</strong>~~</p> +<p><s>**test</s>**</p> +. + + +Strikeouts have the same priority as emphases with respect to links: +. +[~~link]()~~ + +~~[link~~]() +. +<p><a href="">~~link</a>~~</p> +<p>~~<a href="">link~~</a></p> +. + + +Strikeouts have the same priority as emphases with respect to backticks: +. +~~`code~~` + +`~~code`~~ +. +<p>~~<code>code~~</code></p> +<p><code>~~code</code>~~</p> +. + + +Nested strikeouts: +. +~~foo ~~bar~~ baz~~ + +~~f **o ~~o b~~ a** r~~ +. +<p><s>foo <s>bar</s> baz</s></p> +<p><s>f <strong>o <s>o b</s> a</strong> r</s></p> +. + + +Should not have a whitespace between text and "~~": +. +foo ~~ bar ~~ baz +. +<p>foo ~~ bar ~~ baz</p> +. + + +Should parse strikethrough within link tags: +. +[~~foo~~]() +. +<p><a href=""><s>foo</s></a></p> +. + + +Newline should be considered a whitespace: +. +~~test +~~ + +~~ +test~~ + +~~ +test +~~ +. +<p>~~test +~~</p> +<p>~~ +test~~</p> +<p>~~ +test +~~</p> +. + +From CommonMark test suite, replacing `**` with our marker: + +. +a~~"foo"~~ +. +<p>a~~"foo"~~</p> +. + +Coverage: single tilde +. +~a~ +. +<p>~a~</p> +. + +Regression test for #742: +. +-~~~~;~~~~~~ +. +<p>-<s><s>;</s></s>~~</p> +. diff --git a/tests/test_port/fixtures/tables.md b/tests/test_port/fixtures/tables.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cf83708 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_port/fixtures/tables.md @@ -0,0 +1,896 @@ +Simple: +. +| Heading 1 | Heading 2 +| --------- | --------- +| Cell 1 | Cell 2 +| Cell 3 | Cell 4 +. +<table> +<thead> +<tr> +<th>Heading 1</th> +<th>Heading 2</th> +</tr> +</thead> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td>Cell 1</td> +<td>Cell 2</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Cell 3</td> +<td>Cell 4</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +. + + +Column alignment: +. +| Header 1 | Header 2 | Header 3 | Header 4 | +| :------: | -------: | :------- | -------- | +| Cell 1 | Cell 2 | Cell 3 | Cell 4 | +| Cell 5 | Cell 6 | Cell 7 | Cell 8 | +. +<table> +<thead> +<tr> +<th style="text-align:center">Header 1</th> +<th style="text-align:right">Header 2</th> +<th style="text-align:left">Header 3</th> +<th>Header 4</th> +</tr> +</thead> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td style="text-align:center">Cell 1</td> +<td style="text-align:right">Cell 2</td> +<td style="text-align:left">Cell 3</td> +<td>Cell 4</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align:center">Cell 5</td> +<td style="text-align:right">Cell 6</td> +<td style="text-align:left">Cell 7</td> +<td>Cell 8</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +. + + +Nested emphases: +. +Header 1|Header 2|Header 3|Header 4 +:-------|:------:|-------:|-------- +Cell 1 |Cell 2 |Cell 3 |Cell 4 +*Cell 5*|Cell 6 |Cell 7 |Cell 8 +. +<table> +<thead> +<tr> +<th style="text-align:left">Header 1</th> +<th style="text-align:center">Header 2</th> +<th style="text-align:right">Header 3</th> +<th>Header 4</th> +</tr> +</thead> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td style="text-align:left">Cell 1</td> +<td style="text-align:center">Cell 2</td> +<td style="text-align:right">Cell 3</td> +<td>Cell 4</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align:left"><em>Cell 5</em></td> +<td style="text-align:center">Cell 6</td> +<td style="text-align:right">Cell 7</td> +<td>Cell 8</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +. + + +Nested tables inside blockquotes: +. +> foo|foo +> ---|--- +> bar|bar +baz|baz +. +<blockquote> +<table> +<thead> +<tr> +<th>foo</th> +<th>foo</th> +</tr> +</thead> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td>bar</td> +<td>bar</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +</blockquote> +<p>baz|baz</p> +. + + +Minimal one-column: +. +| foo +|---- +| test2 +. +<table> +<thead> +<tr> +<th>foo</th> +</tr> +</thead> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td>test2</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +. + + +This is parsed as one big table: +. +- foo|foo +---|--- +bar|bar +. +<table> +<thead> +<tr> +<th>- foo</th> +<th>foo</th> +</tr> +</thead> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td>bar</td> +<td>bar</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +. + + +Second line should not contain symbols except "-", ":", "|" and " ": +. +foo|foo +-----|-----s +bar|bar +. +<p>foo|foo +-----|-----s +bar|bar</p> +. + + +Second line should contain "|" symbol: +. +foo|foo +-----:----- +bar|bar +. +<p>foo|foo +-----:----- +bar|bar</p> +. + + +Second line should not have empty columns in the middle: +. +foo|foo +-----||----- +bar|bar +. +<p>foo|foo +-----||----- +bar|bar</p> +. + + +Wrong alignment symbol position: +. +foo|foo +-----|-::- +bar|bar +. +<p>foo|foo +-----|-::- +bar|bar</p> +. + + +Title line should contain "|" symbol: +. +foo +-----|----- +bar|bar +. +<p>foo +-----|----- +bar|bar</p> +. + + +Allow tabs as a separator on 2nd line +. +| foo | bar | +| --- | --- | +| baz | quux | +. +<table> +<thead> +<tr> +<th>foo</th> +<th>bar</th> +</tr> +</thead> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td>baz</td> +<td>quux</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +. + + +Should terminate paragraph: +. +paragraph +foo|foo +---|--- +bar|bar +. +<p>paragraph</p> +<table> +<thead> +<tr> +<th>foo</th> +<th>foo</th> +</tr> +</thead> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td>bar</td> +<td>bar</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +. + + +Table no longer terminated via row without "|" symbol: +. +foo|foo +---|--- +paragraph +. +<table> +<thead> +<tr> +<th>foo</th> +<th>foo</th> +</tr> +</thead> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td>paragraph</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +. + + +Delimiter escaping (deprecated): +. +| Heading 1 \\\\| Heading 2 +| --------- | --------- +| Cell\|1\|| Cell\|2 +\| Cell\\\|3 \\| Cell\|4 +. +<p>| Heading 1 \\| Heading 2 +| --------- | --------- +| Cell|1|| Cell|2 +| Cell\|3 \| Cell|4</p> +. + +Pipes inside backticks DO split cells, unless `\` escaped: +. +| Heading 1 | Heading 2 +| --------- | --------- +| `Cell\|1` | Cell 2 +| `Cell|3` | Cell 4 +. +<table> +<thead> +<tr> +<th>Heading 1</th> +<th>Heading 2</th> +</tr> +</thead> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td><code>Cell|1</code></td> +<td>Cell 2</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>`Cell</td> +<td>3`</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +. + +Unclosed backticks don't count +. +| Heading 1 | Heading 2 +| --------- | --------- +| Cell 1 | Cell 2 +| `Cell 3| Cell 4 +. +<table> +<thead> +<tr> +<th>Heading 1</th> +<th>Heading 2</th> +</tr> +</thead> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td>Cell 1</td> +<td>Cell 2</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>`Cell 3</td> +<td>Cell 4</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +. + +Another complicated backticks case +. +| Heading 1 | Heading 2 +| --------- | --------- +| Cell 1 | Cell 2 +| \\\`|\\\` +. +<table> +<thead> +<tr> +<th>Heading 1</th> +<th>Heading 2</th> +</tr> +</thead> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td>Cell 1</td> +<td>Cell 2</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>\`</td> +<td>\`</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +. + +`\` in tables should not count as escaped backtick +. +# | 1 | 2 +--|--|-- +x | `\` | `x` +. +<table> +<thead> +<tr> +<th>#</th> +<th>1</th> +<th>2</th> +</tr> +</thead> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td>x</td> +<td><code>\</code></td> +<td><code>x</code></td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +. + +Tables should handle escaped backticks +. +# | 1 | 2 +--|--|-- +x | \`\` | `x` +. +<table> +<thead> +<tr> +<th>#</th> +<th>1</th> +<th>2</th> +</tr> +</thead> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td>x</td> +<td>``</td> +<td><code>x</code></td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +. + + +An amount of rows might be different across table (issue #171), but header and alignment rows must be equal (#697): +. +| 1 | 2 | +| :-----: | :-----: | +| 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | +. +<table> +<thead> +<tr> +<th style="text-align:center">1</th> +<th style="text-align:center">2</th> +</tr> +</thead> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td style="text-align:center">3</td> +<td style="text-align:center">4</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +. + + +An amount of rows might be different across the table #2: +. +| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | +| :-----: | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: | +| 5 | 6 | +. +<table> +<thead> +<tr> +<th style="text-align:center">1</th> +<th style="text-align:center">2</th> +<th style="text-align:center">3</th> +<th style="text-align:center">4</th> +</tr> +</thead> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td style="text-align:center">5</td> +<td style="text-align:center">6</td> +<td style="text-align:center"></td> +<td style="text-align:center"></td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +. + + +Allow one-column tables (issue #171): +. +| foo | +:-----: +| bar | +. +<table> +<thead> +<tr> +<th style="text-align:center">foo</th> +</tr> +</thead> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td style="text-align:center">bar</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +. + + +Allow indented tables (issue #325): +. + | Col1a | Col2a | + | ----- | ----- | + | Col1b | Col2b | +. +<table> +<thead> +<tr> +<th>Col1a</th> +<th>Col2a</th> +</tr> +</thead> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td>Col1b</td> +<td>Col2b</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +. + + +Tables should not be indented more than 4 spaces (1st line): +. + | Col1a | Col2a | + | ----- | ----- | + | Col1b | Col2b | +. +<pre><code>| Col1a | Col2a | +</code></pre> +<p>| ----- | ----- | +| Col1b | Col2b |</p> +. + + +Tables should not be indented more than 4 spaces (2nd line): +. + | Col1a | Col2a | + | ----- | ----- | + | Col1b | Col2b | +. +<p>| Col1a | Col2a | +| ----- | ----- | +| Col1b | Col2b |</p> +. + + +Tables should not be indented more than 4 spaces (3rd line): +. + | Col1a | Col2a | + | ----- | ----- | + | Col1b | Col2b | +. +<table> +<thead> +<tr> +<th>Col1a</th> +<th>Col2a</th> +</tr> +</thead> +</table> +<pre><code>| Col1b | Col2b | +</code></pre> +. + + +Allow tables with empty body: +. + | Col1a | Col2a | + | ----- | ----- | +. +<table> +<thead> +<tr> +<th>Col1a</th> +<th>Col2a</th> +</tr> +</thead> +</table> +. + + +Align row should be at least as large as any actual rows: +. +Col1a | Col1b | Col1c +----- | ----- +Col2a | Col2b | Col2c +. +<p>Col1a | Col1b | Col1c +----- | ----- +Col2a | Col2b | Col2c</p> +. + +Escaped pipes inside backticks don't split cells: +. +| Heading 1 | Heading 2 +| --------- | --------- +| Cell 1 | Cell 2 +| `Cell 3\|` | Cell 4 +. +<table> +<thead> +<tr> +<th>Heading 1</th> +<th>Heading 2</th> +</tr> +</thead> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td>Cell 1</td> +<td>Cell 2</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><code>Cell 3|</code></td> +<td>Cell 4</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +. + +Escape before escaped Pipes inside backticks don't split cells: +. +| Heading 1 | Heading 2 +| --------- | --------- +| Cell 1 | Cell 2 +| `Cell 3\\|` | Cell 4 +. +<table> +<thead> +<tr> +<th>Heading 1</th> +<th>Heading 2</th> +</tr> +</thead> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td>Cell 1</td> +<td>Cell 2</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><code>Cell 3\|</code></td> +<td>Cell 4</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +. + +Regression test for #721, table in a list indented with tabs: +. +- Level 1 + + - Level 2 + + | Column 1 | Column 2 | + | -------- | -------- | + | abcdefgh | ijklmnop | +. +<ul> +<li> +<p>Level 1</p> +<ul> +<li> +<p>Level 2</p> +<table> +<thead> +<tr> +<th>Column 1</th> +<th>Column 2</th> +</tr> +</thead> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td>abcdefgh</td> +<td>ijklmnop</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +. + +Table without any columns is not a table, #724 +. +| +| +| +. +<p>| +| +|</p> +. + +GFM 4.10 Tables (extension), Example 198 +. +| foo | bar | +| --- | --- | +| baz | bim | +. +<table> +<thead> +<tr> +<th>foo</th> +<th>bar</th> +</tr> +</thead> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td>baz</td> +<td>bim</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +. + +GFM 4.10 Tables (extension), Example 199 +. +| abc | defghi | +:-: | -----------: +bar | baz +. +<table> +<thead> +<tr> +<th style="text-align:center">abc</th> +<th style="text-align:right">defghi</th> +</tr> +</thead> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td style="text-align:center">bar</td> +<td style="text-align:right">baz</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +. + +GFM 4.10 Tables (extension), Example 200 +. +| f\|oo | +| ------ | +| b `\|` az | +| b **\|** im | +. +<table> +<thead> +<tr> +<th>f|oo</th> +</tr> +</thead> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td>b <code>|</code> az</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>b <strong>|</strong> im</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +. + +GFM 4.10 Tables (extension), Example 201 +. +| abc | def | +| --- | --- | +| bar | baz | +> bar +. +<table> +<thead> +<tr> +<th>abc</th> +<th>def</th> +</tr> +</thead> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td>bar</td> +<td>baz</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<blockquote> +<p>bar</p> +</blockquote> +. + +GFM 4.10 Tables (extension), Example 202 +. +| abc | def | +| --- | --- | +| bar | baz | +bar + +bar +. +<table> +<thead> +<tr> +<th>abc</th> +<th>def</th> +</tr> +</thead> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td>bar</td> +<td>baz</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>bar</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<p>bar</p> +. + +GFM 4.10 Tables (extension), Example 203 +. +| abc | def | +| --- | +| bar | +. +<p>| abc | def | +| --- | +| bar |</p> +. + +GFM 4.10 Tables (extension), Example 204 +. +| abc | def | +| --- | --- | +| bar | +| bar | baz | boo | +. +<table> +<thead> +<tr> +<th>abc</th> +<th>def</th> +</tr> +</thead> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td>bar</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>bar</td> +<td>baz</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +. + +GFM 4.10 Tables (extension), Example 205 +. +| abc | def | +| --- | --- | +. +<table> +<thead> +<tr> +<th>abc</th> +<th>def</th> +</tr> +</thead> +</table> +. + +A list takes precedence in case of ambiguity +. +a | b +- | - +1 | 2 +. +<p>a | b</p> +<ul> +<li>| - +1 | 2</li> +</ul> +. diff --git a/tests/test_port/fixtures/typographer.md b/tests/test_port/fixtures/typographer.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..39154ed --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_port/fixtures/typographer.md @@ -0,0 +1,115 @@ +. +(bad) +. +<p>(bad)</p> +. + +copyright (Lower) +. +(c) +. +<p>©</p> +. + +copyright (Upper) +. +(C) +. +<p>©</p> +. + +copyright +. +(c) (C) +. +<p>© ©</p> +. + + +reserved +. +(r) (R) +. +<p>® ®</p> +. + + +trademark +. +(tm) (TM) +. +<p>™ ™</p> +. + + +paragraph +. +(p) (P) +. +<p>§ §</p> +. + + +plus-minus +. ++-5 +. +<p>±5</p> +. + + +ellipsis +. +test.. test... test..... test?..... test!.... +. +<p>test… test… test… test?.. test!..</p> +. + + +dupes +. +!!!!!! ???? ,, +. +<p>!!! ??? ,</p> +. + + +dupes-ellipsis +. +!... ?... ,... !!!!!!.... ????.... ,,... +. +<p>!.. ?.. ,… !!!.. ???.. ,…</p> +. + + +dashes +. +---markdownit --- super--- + +markdownit---awesome + +abc ---- + +--markdownit -- super-- + +markdownit--awesome +. +<p>—markdownit — super—</p> +<p>markdownit—awesome</p> +<p>abc ----</p> +<p>–markdownit – super–</p> +<p>markdownit–awesome</p> +. + +regression tests for #624 +. +1---2---3 + +1--2--3 + +1 -- -- 3 +. +<p>1—2—3</p> +<p>1–2–3</p> +<p>1 – – 3</p> +. diff --git a/tests/test_port/fixtures/xss.md b/tests/test_port/fixtures/xss.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7c0512e --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_port/fixtures/xss.md @@ -0,0 +1,128 @@ +. +[normal link](javascript) +. +<p><a href="javascript">normal link</a></p> +. + + +Should not allow some protocols in links and images +. +[xss link](javascript:alert(1)) + +[xss link](JAVASCRIPT:alert(1)) + +[xss link](vbscript:alert(1)) + +[xss link](VBSCRIPT:alert(1)) + +[xss link](file:///123) +. +<p>[xss link](javascript:alert(1))</p> +<p>[xss link](JAVASCRIPT:alert(1))</p> +<p>[xss link](vbscript:alert(1))</p> +<p>[xss link](VBSCRIPT:alert(1))</p> +<p>[xss link](file:///123)</p> +. + + +. +[xss link]("><script>alert("xss")</script>) + +[xss link](Javascript:alert(1)) + +[xss link](&#74;avascript:alert(1)) + +[xss link](\Javascript:alert(1)) +. +<p><a href="%22%3E%3Cscript%3Ealert(%22xss%22)%3C/script%3E">xss link</a></p> +<p>[xss link](Javascript:alert(1))</p> +<p><a href="&#74;avascript:alert(1)">xss link</a></p> +<p><a href="&#74;avascript:alert(1)">xss link</a></p> +. + +. +[xss link](<javascript:alert(1)>) +. +<p>[xss link](<javascript:alert(1)>)</p> +. + +. +[xss link](javascript:alert(1)) +. +<p>[xss link](javascript:alert(1))</p> +. + + +Should not allow data-uri except some whitelisted mimes +. + +. +<p><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" alt=""></p> +. + +. +[xss link](data:text/html;base64,PHNjcmlwdD5hbGVydCgnWFNTJyk8L3NjcmlwdD4K) +. +<p>[xss link](data:text/html;base64,PHNjcmlwdD5hbGVydCgnWFNTJyk8L3NjcmlwdD4K)</p> +. + +. +[normal link](/javascript:link) +. +<p><a href="/javascript:link">normal link</a></p> +. + + +Image parser use the same code base as link. +. +) +. +<p>)</p> +. + + +Autolinks +. +<javascript:alert(1)> + +<javascript:alert(1)> +. +<p><javascript:alert(1)></p> +<p><javascript:alert(1)></p> +. + + +Linkifier +. +javascript:alert(1) + +javascript:alert(1) +. +<p>javascript:alert(1)</p> +<p>javascript:alert(1)</p> +. + + +References +. +[test]: javascript:alert(1) +. +<p>[test]: javascript:alert(1)</p> +. + + +Make sure we decode entities before split: +. +```js custom-class +test1 +``` + +```jscustom-class +test2 +``` +. +<pre><code class="js">test1 +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="js">test2 +</code></pre> +. diff --git a/tests/test_port/test_fixtures.py b/tests/test_port/test_fixtures.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5117c5e --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_port/test_fixtures.py @@ -0,0 +1,114 @@ +from pathlib import Path + +import pytest + +from markdown_it import MarkdownIt +from markdown_it.utils import read_fixture_file + +FIXTURE_PATH = Path(__file__).parent.joinpath("fixtures") + + +@pytest.mark.parametrize( + "line,title,input,expected", + read_fixture_file(FIXTURE_PATH.joinpath("linkify.md")), +) +def test_linkify(line, title, input, expected): + md = MarkdownIt().enable("linkify") + md.options["linkify"] = True + text = md.render(input) + assert text.rstrip() == expected.rstrip() + + # if not install linkify-it-py + md.linkify = None + with pytest.raises(ModuleNotFoundError): + md.render(input) + + +@pytest.mark.parametrize( + "line,title,input,expected", + read_fixture_file(FIXTURE_PATH.joinpath("smartquotes.md")), +) +def test_smartquotes(line, title, input, expected): + md = MarkdownIt().enable("replacements").enable("smartquotes") + md.options["typographer"] = True + text = md.render(input) + assert text.rstrip() == expected.rstrip() + + +@pytest.mark.parametrize( + "line,title,input,expected", + read_fixture_file(FIXTURE_PATH.joinpath("typographer.md")), +) +def test_typographer(line, title, input, expected): + md = MarkdownIt().enable("replacements") + md.options["typographer"] = True + text = md.render(input) + assert text.rstrip() == expected.rstrip() + + +@pytest.mark.parametrize( + "line,title,input,expected", read_fixture_file(FIXTURE_PATH.joinpath("tables.md")) +) +def test_table(line, title, input, expected): + md = MarkdownIt().enable("table") + text = md.render(input) + try: + assert text.rstrip() == expected.rstrip() + except AssertionError: + print(text) + raise + + +@pytest.mark.parametrize( + "line,title,input,expected", + read_fixture_file(FIXTURE_PATH.joinpath("commonmark_extras.md")), +) +def test_commonmark_extras(line, title, input, expected): + md = MarkdownIt("commonmark") + md.options["langPrefix"] = "" + text = md.render(input) + if text.rstrip() != expected.rstrip(): + print(text) + assert text.rstrip() == expected.rstrip() + + +@pytest.mark.parametrize( + "line,title,input,expected", + read_fixture_file(FIXTURE_PATH.joinpath("normalize.md")), +) +def test_normalize_url(line, title, input, expected): + md = MarkdownIt("commonmark") + text = md.render(input) + assert text.rstrip() == expected.rstrip() + + +@pytest.mark.parametrize( + "line,title,input,expected", read_fixture_file(FIXTURE_PATH.joinpath("fatal.md")) +) +def test_fatal(line, title, input, expected): + md = MarkdownIt("commonmark").enable("replacements") + md.options["typographer"] = True + text = md.render(input) + if text.rstrip() != expected.rstrip(): + print(text) + assert text.rstrip() == expected.rstrip() + + +@pytest.mark.parametrize( + "line,title,input,expected", + read_fixture_file(FIXTURE_PATH.joinpath("strikethrough.md")), +) +def test_strikethrough(line, title, input, expected): + md = MarkdownIt().enable("strikethrough") + text = md.render(input) + assert text.rstrip() == expected.rstrip() + + +@pytest.mark.parametrize( + "line,title,input,expected", + read_fixture_file(FIXTURE_PATH.joinpath("issue-fixes.md")), +) +def test_issue_fixes(line, title, input, expected): + md = MarkdownIt() + text = md.render(input) + assert text.rstrip() == expected.rstrip() diff --git a/tests/test_port/test_misc.py b/tests/test_port/test_misc.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..62b5bf8 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_port/test_misc.py @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +from markdown_it import MarkdownIt, presets + + +def test_highlight_arguments(): + def highlight_func(str_, lang, attrs): + assert lang == "a" + assert attrs == "b c d" + return "<pre><code>==" + str_ + "==</code></pre>" + + conf = presets.commonmark.make() + conf["options"]["highlight"] = highlight_func + md = MarkdownIt(config=conf) + assert md.render("``` a b c d \nhl\n```") == "<pre><code>==hl\n==</code></pre>\n" + + +def test_ordered_list_info(): + def type_filter(tokens, type_): + return [t for t in tokens if t.type == type_] + + md = MarkdownIt() + + tokens = md.parse("1. Foo\n2. Bar\n20. Fuzz") + assert len(type_filter(tokens, "ordered_list_open")) == 1 + tokens = type_filter(tokens, "list_item_open") + assert len(tokens) == 3 + assert tokens[0].info == "1" + assert tokens[0].markup == "." + assert tokens[1].info == "2" + assert tokens[1].markup == "." + assert tokens[2].info == "20" + assert tokens[2].markup == "." + + tokens = md.parse(" 1. Foo\n2. Bar\n 20. Fuzz\n 199. Flp") + assert len(type_filter(tokens, "ordered_list_open")) == 1 + tokens = type_filter(tokens, "list_item_open") + assert len(tokens) == 4 + assert tokens[0].info == "1" + assert tokens[0].markup == "." + assert tokens[1].info == "2" + assert tokens[1].markup == "." + assert tokens[2].info == "20" + assert tokens[2].markup == "." + assert tokens[3].info == "199" + assert tokens[3].markup == "." diff --git a/tests/test_port/test_no_end_newline.py b/tests/test_port/test_no_end_newline.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5e7cf82 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_port/test_no_end_newline.py @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +import pytest + +from markdown_it import MarkdownIt + + +@pytest.mark.parametrize( + "input,expected", + [ + ("#", "<h1></h1>\n"), + ("###", "<h3></h3>\n"), + ("` `", "<p><code> </code></p>\n"), + ("``````", "<pre><code></code></pre>\n"), + ("-", "<ul>\n<li></li>\n</ul>\n"), + ("1.", "<ol>\n<li></li>\n</ol>\n"), + (">", "<blockquote></blockquote>\n"), + ("---", "<hr />\n"), + ("<h1></h1>", "<h1></h1>"), + ("p", "<p>p</p>\n"), + ("[reference]: /url", ""), + (" indented code block", "<pre><code>indented code block\n</code></pre>\n"), + ("> test\n>", "<blockquote>\n<p>test</p>\n</blockquote>\n"), + ], +) +def test_no_end_newline(input, expected): + md = MarkdownIt() + text = md.render(input) + assert text == expected diff --git a/tests/test_port/test_references.py b/tests/test_port/test_references.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..32e389d --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_port/test_references.py @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +from markdown_it import MarkdownIt + + +def test_ref_definitions(): + + md = MarkdownIt() + src = "[a]: abc\n\n[b]: xyz\n\n[b]: ijk" + env = {} + tokens = md.parse(src, env) + assert tokens == [] + assert env == { + "references": { + "A": {"title": "", "href": "abc", "map": [0, 1]}, + "B": {"title": "", "href": "xyz", "map": [2, 3]}, + }, + "duplicate_refs": [{"href": "ijk", "label": "B", "map": [4, 5], "title": ""}], + } + + +def test_use_existing_env(data_regression): + md = MarkdownIt() + src = "[a]\n\n[c]: ijk" + env = { + "references": { + "A": {"title": "", "href": "abc", "map": [0, 1]}, + "B": {"title": "", "href": "xyz", "map": [2, 3]}, + } + } + tokens = md.parse(src, env) + data_regression.check([token.as_dict() for token in tokens]) + assert env == { + "references": { + "A": {"title": "", "href": "abc", "map": [0, 1]}, + "B": {"title": "", "href": "xyz", "map": [2, 3]}, + "C": {"title": "", "href": "ijk", "map": [2, 3]}, + } + } + + +def test_store_labels(data_regression): + md = MarkdownIt() + md.options["store_labels"] = True + src = "[a]\n\n![a]\n\n[a]: ijk" + tokens = md.parse(src) + data_regression.check([token.as_dict() for token in tokens]) + + +def test_inline_definitions(data_regression): + md = MarkdownIt() + md.options["inline_definitions"] = True + src = '[a]: url "title"\n- [a]: url "title"' + tokens = md.parse(src) + data_regression.check([token.as_dict() for token in tokens]) diff --git a/tests/test_port/test_references/test_inline_definitions.yml b/tests/test_port/test_references/test_inline_definitions.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5ec210b --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_port/test_references/test_inline_definitions.yml @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +- attrs: null + block: true + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 0 + map: + - 0 + - 1 + markup: '' + meta: + id: A + label: a + title: title + url: url + nesting: 0 + tag: '' + type: definition +- attrs: null + block: true + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 0 + map: + - 1 + - 2 + markup: '-' + meta: {} + nesting: 1 + tag: ul + type: bullet_list_open +- attrs: null + block: true + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 1 + map: + - 1 + - 2 + markup: '-' + meta: {} + nesting: 1 + tag: li + type: list_item_open +- attrs: null + block: true + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 2 + map: + - 1 + - 2 + markup: '' + meta: + id: A + label: a + title: title + url: url + nesting: 0 + tag: '' + type: definition +- attrs: null + block: true + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 1 + map: null + markup: '-' + meta: {} + nesting: -1 + tag: li + type: list_item_close +- attrs: null + block: true + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 0 + map: null + markup: '-' + meta: {} + nesting: -1 + tag: ul + type: bullet_list_close diff --git a/tests/test_port/test_references/test_store_labels.yml b/tests/test_port/test_references/test_store_labels.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..79f6f74 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_port/test_references/test_store_labels.yml @@ -0,0 +1,159 @@ +- attrs: null + block: true + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 0 + map: + - 0 + - 1 + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: 1 + tag: p + type: paragraph_open +- attrs: null + block: true + children: + - attrs: + - - href + - ijk + block: false + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 0 + map: null + markup: '' + meta: + label: A + nesting: 1 + tag: a + type: link_open + - attrs: null + block: false + children: null + content: a + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 1 + map: null + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: 0 + tag: '' + type: text + - attrs: null + block: false + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 0 + map: null + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: -1 + tag: a + type: link_close + content: '[a]' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 1 + map: + - 0 + - 1 + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: 0 + tag: '' + type: inline +- attrs: null + block: true + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 0 + map: null + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: -1 + tag: p + type: paragraph_close +- attrs: null + block: true + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 0 + map: + - 2 + - 3 + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: 1 + tag: p + type: paragraph_open +- attrs: null + block: true + children: + - attrs: + - - src + - ijk + - - alt + - '' + block: false + children: + - attrs: null + block: false + children: null + content: a + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 0 + map: null + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: 0 + tag: '' + type: text + content: a + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 0 + map: null + markup: '' + meta: + label: A + nesting: 0 + tag: img + type: image + content: '![a]' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 1 + map: + - 2 + - 3 + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: 0 + tag: '' + type: inline +- attrs: null + block: true + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 0 + map: null + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: -1 + tag: p + type: paragraph_close diff --git a/tests/test_port/test_references/test_use_existing_env.yml b/tests/test_port/test_references/test_use_existing_env.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1a72337 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_port/test_references/test_use_existing_env.yml @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +- attrs: null + block: true + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 0 + map: + - 0 + - 1 + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: 1 + tag: p + type: paragraph_open +- attrs: null + block: true + children: + - attrs: + - - href + - abc + block: false + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 0 + map: null + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: 1 + tag: a + type: link_open + - attrs: null + block: false + children: null + content: a + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 1 + map: null + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: 0 + tag: '' + type: text + - attrs: null + block: false + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 0 + map: null + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: -1 + tag: a + type: link_close + content: '[a]' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 1 + map: + - 0 + - 1 + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: 0 + tag: '' + type: inline +- attrs: null + block: true + children: null + content: '' + hidden: false + info: '' + level: 0 + map: null + markup: '' + meta: {} + nesting: -1 + tag: p + type: paragraph_close diff --git a/tests/test_tree.py b/tests/test_tree.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7a7d605 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_tree.py @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +from markdown_it import MarkdownIt +from markdown_it.tree import SyntaxTreeNode + +EXAMPLE_MARKDOWN = """ +## Heading here + +Some paragraph text and **emphasis here** and more text here. +""" + + +def test_tree_to_tokens_conversion(): + tokens = MarkdownIt().parse(EXAMPLE_MARKDOWN) + tokens_after_roundtrip = SyntaxTreeNode(tokens).to_tokens() + assert tokens == tokens_after_roundtrip + + +def test_property_passthrough(): + tokens = MarkdownIt().parse(EXAMPLE_MARKDOWN) + heading_open = tokens[0] + tree = SyntaxTreeNode(tokens) + heading_node = tree.children[0] + assert heading_open.tag == heading_node.tag + assert tuple(heading_open.map) == heading_node.map + assert heading_open.level == heading_node.level + assert heading_open.content == heading_node.content + assert heading_open.markup == heading_node.markup + assert heading_open.info == heading_node.info + assert heading_open.meta == heading_node.meta + assert heading_open.block == heading_node.block + assert heading_open.hidden == heading_node.hidden + + +def test_type(): + tokens = MarkdownIt().parse(EXAMPLE_MARKDOWN) + tree = SyntaxTreeNode(tokens) + # Root type is "root" + assert tree.type == "root" + # "_open" suffix must be stripped from nested token type + assert tree.children[0].type == "heading" + assert tree[0].type == "heading" + # For unnested tokens, node type must remain same as token type + assert tree.children[0].children[0].type == "inline" + + +def test_sibling_traverse(): + tokens = MarkdownIt().parse(EXAMPLE_MARKDOWN) + tree = SyntaxTreeNode(tokens) + paragraph_inline_node = tree.children[1].children[0] + text_node = paragraph_inline_node.children[0] + assert text_node.type == "text" + strong_node = text_node.next_sibling + assert strong_node.type == "strong" + another_text_node = strong_node.next_sibling + assert another_text_node.type == "text" + assert another_text_node.next_sibling is None + assert another_text_node.previous_sibling.previous_sibling == text_node + assert text_node.previous_sibling is None + + +def test_pretty(file_regression): + md = MarkdownIt("commonmark") + tokens = md.parse( + """ +# Header + +Here's some text and an image  + +1. a **list** + +> a *quote* + """ + ) + node = SyntaxTreeNode(tokens) + file_regression.check(node.pretty(indent=2, show_text=True), extension=".xml") + + +def test_walk(): + tokens = MarkdownIt().parse(EXAMPLE_MARKDOWN) + tree = SyntaxTreeNode(tokens) + expected_node_types = ( + "root", + "heading", + "inline", + "text", + "paragraph", + "inline", + "text", + "strong", + "text", + "text", + ) + for node, expected_type in zip(tree.walk(), expected_node_types): + assert node.type == expected_type diff --git a/tests/test_tree/test_pretty.xml b/tests/test_tree/test_pretty.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..41d399e --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_tree/test_pretty.xml @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +<root> + <heading> + <inline> + <text> + Header + <paragraph> + <inline> + <text> + Here's some text and an image + <image src='image.png' alt=''> + <text> + title + <ordered_list> + <list_item> + <paragraph> + <inline> + <text> + a + <strong> + <text> + list + <text> + <blockquote> + <paragraph> + <inline> + <text> + a + <em> + <text> + quote
\ No newline at end of file @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +# To use tox, see https://tox.readthedocs.io +# Simply pip or conda install tox +# If you use conda, you may also want to install tox-conda +# then run `tox` or `tox -- {pytest args}` +# run in parallel using `tox -p` +[tox] +envlist = py37 + +[testenv] +usedevelop = true + +[testenv:py{37,38,39,310}] +extras = + linkify + testing +commands = pytest {posargs:tests/} + +[testenv:py{37,38,39,310}-plugins] +extras = testing +changedir = {envtmpdir} +allowlist_externals = + git + pip +commands_pre = + git clone https://github.com/executablebooks/mdit-py-plugins.git + pip install --no-deps -e mdit-py-plugins +commands = + pytest {posargs} + +[testenv:py{37,38,39}-bench-core] +extras = benchmarking +commands = pytest benchmarking/bench_core.py {posargs} + +[testenv:py{37,38}-bench-packages] +extras = benchmarking,compare +commands = pytest benchmarking/bench_packages.py {posargs} + +[testenv:docs-{update,clean}] +extras = linkify,plugins,rtd +whitelist_externals = + echo + rm +setenv = + update: SKIP_APIDOC = true +commands = + clean: rm -rf docs/_build + sphinx-build -nW --keep-going -b {posargs:html} docs/ docs/_build/{posargs:html} +commands_post = echo "open file://{toxinidir}/docs/_build/{posargs:html}/index.html" + +[testenv:profile] +description = run profiler (use e.g. `firefox .tox/prof/output.svg` to open) +extras = profiling +allowlist_externals = + mkdir + dot +commands = + mkdir -p "{toxworkdir}/prof" + python -m cProfile -o "{toxworkdir}/prof/output.pstats" profiler.py + gprof2dot -f pstats -o "{toxworkdir}/prof/output.dot" "{toxworkdir}/prof/output.pstats" + dot -Tsvg -o "{toxworkdir}/prof/output.svg" "{toxworkdir}/prof/output.dot" + python -c 'import pathlib; print("profiler svg output under file://\{0\}".format(pathlib.Path(r"{toxworkdir}") / "prof" / "output.svg"))' + +[flake8] +max-line-length = 100 +extend-ignore = E203 |