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diff --git a/doc/nghttpx.1 b/doc/nghttpx.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..450fa24 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/nghttpx.1 @@ -0,0 +1,2769 @@ +.\" Man page generated from reStructuredText. +. +. +.nr rst2man-indent-level 0 +. +.de1 rstReportMargin +\\$1 \\n[an-margin] +level \\n[rst2man-indent-level] +level margin: \\n[rst2man-indent\\n[rst2man-indent-level]] +- +\\n[rst2man-indent0] +\\n[rst2man-indent1] +\\n[rst2man-indent2] +.. +.de1 INDENT +.\" .rstReportMargin pre: +. RS \\$1 +. nr rst2man-indent\\n[rst2man-indent-level] \\n[an-margin] +. nr rst2man-indent-level +1 +.\" .rstReportMargin post: +.. +.de UNINDENT +. RE +.\" indent \\n[an-margin] +.\" old: \\n[rst2man-indent\\n[rst2man-indent-level]] +.nr rst2man-indent-level -1 +.\" new: \\n[rst2man-indent\\n[rst2man-indent-level]] +.in \\n[rst2man-indent\\n[rst2man-indent-level]]u +.. +.TH "NGHTTPX" "1" "Feb 13, 2023" "1.52.0" "nghttp2" +.SH NAME +nghttpx \- HTTP/2 proxy +.SH SYNOPSIS +.sp +\fBnghttpx\fP [OPTIONS]... [<PRIVATE_KEY> <CERT>] +.SH DESCRIPTION +.sp +A reverse proxy for HTTP/3, HTTP/2, and HTTP/1. +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B <PRIVATE_KEY> +Set path to server\(aqs private key. Required unless +"no\-tls" parameter is used in \fI\%\-\-frontend\fP option. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B <CERT> +Set path to server\(aqs certificate. Required unless +"no\-tls" parameter is used in \fI\%\-\-frontend\fP option. To +make OCSP stapling work, this must be an absolute path. +.UNINDENT +.SH OPTIONS +.sp +The options are categorized into several groups. +.SS Connections +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-b, \-\-backend=(<HOST>,<PORT>|unix:<PATH>)[;[<PATTERN>[:...]][[;<PARAM>]...] +Set backend host and port. The multiple backend +addresses are accepted by repeating this option. UNIX +domain socket can be specified by prefixing path name +with "unix:" (e.g., unix:/var/run/backend.sock). +.sp +Optionally, if <PATTERN>s are given, the backend address +is only used if request matches the pattern. The +pattern matching is closely designed to ServeMux in +net/http package of Go programming language. <PATTERN> +consists of path, host + path or just host. The path +must start with "\fI/\fP". If it ends with "\fI/\fP", it matches +all request path in its subtree. To deal with the +request to the directory without trailing slash, the +path which ends with "\fI/\fP" also matches the request path +which only lacks trailing \(aq\fI/\fP\(aq (e.g., path "\fI/foo/\fP" +matches request path "\fI/foo\fP"). If it does not end with +"\fI/\fP", it performs exact match against the request path. +If host is given, it performs a match against the +request host. For a request received on the frontend +listener with "sni\-fwd" parameter enabled, SNI host is +used instead of a request host. If host alone is given, +"\fI/\fP" is appended to it, so that it matches all request +paths under the host (e.g., specifying "nghttp2.org" +equals to "nghttp2.org/"). CONNECT method is treated +specially. It does not have path, and we don\(aqt allow +empty path. To workaround this, we assume that CONNECT +method has "\fI/\fP" as path. +.sp +Patterns with host take precedence over patterns with +just path. Then, longer patterns take precedence over +shorter ones. +.sp +Host can include "*" in the left most position to +indicate wildcard match (only suffix match is done). +The "*" must match at least one character. For example, +host pattern "*.nghttp2.org" matches against +"www.nghttp2.org" and "git.ngttp2.org", but does not +match against "nghttp2.org". The exact hosts match +takes precedence over the wildcard hosts match. +.sp +If path part ends with "*", it is treated as wildcard +path. The wildcard path behaves differently from the +normal path. For normal path, match is made around the +boundary of path component separator,"\fI/\fP". On the other +hand, the wildcard path does not take into account the +path component separator. All paths which include the +wildcard path without last "*" as prefix, and are +strictly longer than wildcard path without last "*" are +matched. "*" must match at least one character. For +example, the pattern "\fI/foo*\fP" matches "\fI/foo/\fP" and +"\fI/foobar\fP". But it does not match "\fI/foo\fP", or "\fI/fo\fP". +.sp +If <PATTERN> is omitted or empty string, "\fI/\fP" is used as +pattern, which matches all request paths (catch\-all +pattern). The catch\-all backend must be given. +.sp +When doing a match, nghttpx made some normalization to +pattern, request host and path. For host part, they are +converted to lower case. For path part, percent\-encoded +unreserved characters defined in RFC 3986 are decoded, +and any dot\-segments (".." and ".") are resolved and +removed. +.sp +For example, \fI\%\-b\fP\(aq127.0.0.1,8080;nghttp2.org/httpbin/\(aq +matches the request host "nghttp2.org" and the request +path "\fI/httpbin/get\fP", but does not match the request host +"nghttp2.org" and the request path "\fI/index.html\fP". +.sp +The multiple <PATTERN>s can be specified, delimiting +them by ":". Specifying +\fI\%\-b\fP\(aq127.0.0.1,8080;nghttp2.org:www.nghttp2.org\(aq has the +same effect to specify \fI\%\-b\fP\(aq127.0.0.1,8080;nghttp2.org\(aq +and \fI\%\-b\fP\(aq127.0.0.1,8080;www.nghttp2.org\(aq. +.sp +The backend addresses sharing same <PATTERN> are grouped +together forming load balancing group. +.sp +Several parameters <PARAM> are accepted after <PATTERN>. +The parameters are delimited by ";". The available +parameters are: "proto=<PROTO>", "tls", +"sni=<SNI_HOST>", "fall=<N>", "rise=<N>", +"affinity=<METHOD>", "dns", "redirect\-if\-not\-tls", +"upgrade\-scheme", "mruby=<PATH>", +"read\-timeout=<DURATION>", "write\-timeout=<DURATION>", +"group=<GROUP>", "group\-weight=<N>", "weight=<N>", and +"dnf". The parameter consists of keyword, and +optionally followed by "=" and value. For example, the +parameter "proto=h2" consists of the keyword "proto" and +value "h2". The parameter "tls" consists of the keyword +"tls" without value. Each parameter is described as +follows. +.sp +The backend application protocol can be specified using +optional "proto" parameter, and in the form of +"proto=<PROTO>". <PROTO> should be one of the following +list without quotes: "h2", "http/1.1". The default +value of <PROTO> is "http/1.1". Note that usually "h2" +refers to HTTP/2 over TLS. But in this option, it may +mean HTTP/2 over cleartext TCP unless "tls" keyword is +used (see below). +.sp +TLS can be enabled by specifying optional "tls" +parameter. TLS is not enabled by default. +.sp +With "sni=<SNI_HOST>" parameter, it can override the TLS +SNI field value with given <SNI_HOST>. This will +default to the backend <HOST> name +.sp +The feature to detect whether backend is online or +offline can be enabled using optional "fall" and "rise" +parameters. Using "fall=<N>" parameter, if nghttpx +cannot connect to a this backend <N> times in a row, +this backend is assumed to be offline, and it is +excluded from load balancing. If <N> is 0, this backend +never be excluded from load balancing whatever times +nghttpx cannot connect to it, and this is the default. +There is also "rise=<N>" parameter. After backend was +excluded from load balancing group, nghttpx periodically +attempts to make a connection to the failed backend, and +if the connection is made successfully <N> times in a +row, the backend is assumed to be online, and it is now +eligible for load balancing target. If <N> is 0, a +backend is permanently offline, once it goes in that +state, and this is the default behaviour. +.sp +The session affinity is enabled using +"affinity=<METHOD>" parameter. If "ip" is given in +<METHOD>, client IP based session affinity is enabled. +If "cookie" is given in <METHOD>, cookie based session +affinity is enabled. If "none" is given in <METHOD>, +session affinity is disabled, and this is the default. +The session affinity is enabled per <PATTERN>. If at +least one backend has "affinity" parameter, and its +<METHOD> is not "none", session affinity is enabled for +all backend servers sharing the same <PATTERN>. It is +advised to set "affinity" parameter to all backend +explicitly if session affinity is desired. The session +affinity may break if one of the backend gets +unreachable, or backend settings are reloaded or +replaced by API. +.sp +If "affinity=cookie" is used, the additional +configuration is required. +"affinity\-cookie\-name=<NAME>" must be used to specify a +name of cookie to use. Optionally, +"affinity\-cookie\-path=<PATH>" can be used to specify a +path which cookie is applied. The optional +"affinity\-cookie\-secure=<SECURE>" controls the Secure +attribute of a cookie. The default value is "auto", and +the Secure attribute is determined by a request scheme. +If a request scheme is "https", then Secure attribute is +set. Otherwise, it is not set. If <SECURE> is "yes", +the Secure attribute is always set. If <SECURE> is +"no", the Secure attribute is always omitted. +"affinity\-cookie\-stickiness=<STICKINESS>" controls +stickiness of this affinity. If <STICKINESS> is +"loose", removing or adding a backend server might break +the affinity and the request might be forwarded to a +different backend server. If <STICKINESS> is "strict", +removing the designated backend server breaks affinity, +but adding new backend server does not cause breakage. +If the designated backend server becomes unavailable, +new backend server is chosen as if the request does not +have an affinity cookie. <STICKINESS> defaults to +"loose". +.sp +By default, name resolution of backend host name is done +at start up, or reloading configuration. If "dns" +parameter is given, name resolution takes place +dynamically. This is useful if backend address changes +frequently. If "dns" is given, name resolution of +backend host name at start up, or reloading +configuration is skipped. +.sp +If "redirect\-if\-not\-tls" parameter is used, the matched +backend requires that frontend connection is TLS +encrypted. If it isn\(aqt, nghttpx responds to the request +with 308 status code, and https URI the client should +use instead is included in Location header field. The +port number in redirect URI is 443 by default, and can +be changed using \fI\%\-\-redirect\-https\-port\fP option. If at +least one backend has "redirect\-if\-not\-tls" parameter, +this feature is enabled for all backend servers sharing +the same <PATTERN>. It is advised to set +"redirect\-if\-no\-tls" parameter to all backends +explicitly if this feature is desired. +.sp +If "upgrade\-scheme" parameter is used along with "tls" +parameter, HTTP/2 :scheme pseudo header field is changed +to "https" from "http" when forwarding a request to this +particular backend. This is a workaround for a backend +server which requires "https" :scheme pseudo header +field on TLS encrypted connection. +.sp +"mruby=<PATH>" parameter specifies a path to mruby +script file which is invoked when this pattern is +matched. All backends which share the same pattern must +have the same mruby path. +.sp +"read\-timeout=<DURATION>" and "write\-timeout=<DURATION>" +parameters specify the read and write timeout of the +backend connection when this pattern is matched. All +backends which share the same pattern must have the same +timeouts. If these timeouts are entirely omitted for a +pattern, \fI\%\-\-backend\-read\-timeout\fP and +\fI\%\-\-backend\-write\-timeout\fP are used. +.sp +"group=<GROUP>" parameter specifies the name of group +this backend address belongs to. By default, it belongs +to the unnamed default group. The name of group is +unique per pattern. "group\-weight=<N>" parameter +specifies the weight of the group. The higher weight +gets more frequently selected by the load balancing +algorithm. <N> must be [1, 256] inclusive. The weight +8 has 4 times more weight than 2. <N> must be the same +for all addresses which share the same <GROUP>. If +"group\-weight" is omitted in an address, but the other +address which belongs to the same group specifies +"group\-weight", its weight is used. If no +"group\-weight" is specified for all addresses, the +weight of a group becomes 1. "group" and "group\-weight" +are ignored if session affinity is enabled. +.sp +"weight=<N>" parameter specifies the weight of the +backend address inside a group which this address +belongs to. The higher weight gets more frequently +selected by the load balancing algorithm. <N> must be +[1, 256] inclusive. The weight 8 has 4 times more +weight than weight 2. If this parameter is omitted, +weight becomes 1. "weight" is ignored if session +affinity is enabled. +.sp +If "dnf" parameter is specified, an incoming request is +not forwarded to a backend and just consumed along with +the request body (actually a backend server never be +contacted). It is expected that the HTTP response is +generated by mruby script (see "mruby=<PATH>" parameter +above). "dnf" is an abbreviation of "do not forward". +.sp +Since ";" and ":" are used as delimiter, <PATTERN> must +not contain these characters. In order to include ":" +in <PATTERN>, one has to specify "%3A" (which is +percent\-encoded from of ":") instead. Since ";" has +special meaning in shell, the option value must be +quoted. +.sp +Default: \fB127.0.0.1,80\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-f, \-\-frontend=(<HOST>,<PORT>|unix:<PATH>)[[;<PARAM>]...] +Set frontend host and port. If <HOST> is \(aq*\(aq, it +assumes all addresses including both IPv4 and IPv6. +UNIX domain socket can be specified by prefixing path +name with "unix:" (e.g., unix:/var/run/nghttpx.sock). +This option can be used multiple times to listen to +multiple addresses. +.sp +This option can take 0 or more parameters, which are +described below. Note that "api" and "healthmon" +parameters are mutually exclusive. +.sp +Optionally, TLS can be disabled by specifying "no\-tls" +parameter. TLS is enabled by default. +.sp +If "sni\-fwd" parameter is used, when performing a match +to select a backend server, SNI host name received from +the client is used instead of the request host. See +\fI\%\-\-backend\fP option about the pattern match. +.sp +To make this frontend as API endpoint, specify "api" +parameter. This is disabled by default. It is +important to limit the access to the API frontend. +Otherwise, someone may change the backend server, and +break your services, or expose confidential information +to the outside the world. +.sp +To make this frontend as health monitor endpoint, +specify "healthmon" parameter. This is disabled by +default. Any requests which come through this address +are replied with 200 HTTP status, without no body. +.sp +To accept PROXY protocol version 1 and 2 on frontend +connection, specify "proxyproto" parameter. This is +disabled by default. +.sp +To receive HTTP/3 (QUIC) traffic, specify "quic" +parameter. It makes nghttpx listen on UDP port rather +than TCP port. UNIX domain socket, "api", and +"healthmon" parameters cannot be used with "quic" +parameter. +.sp +Default: \fB*,3000\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-backlog=<N> +Set listen backlog size. +.sp +Default: \fB65536\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-backend\-address\-family=(auto|IPv4|IPv6) +Specify address family of backend connections. If +"auto" is given, both IPv4 and IPv6 are considered. If +"IPv4" is given, only IPv4 address is considered. If +"IPv6" is given, only IPv6 address is considered. +.sp +Default: \fBauto\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-backend\-http\-proxy\-uri=<URI> +Specify proxy URI in the form +\fI\%http:/\fP/[<USER>:<PASS>@]<PROXY>:<PORT>. If a proxy +requires authentication, specify <USER> and <PASS>. +Note that they must be properly percent\-encoded. This +proxy is used when the backend connection is HTTP/2. +First, make a CONNECT request to the proxy and it +connects to the backend on behalf of nghttpx. This +forms tunnel. After that, nghttpx performs SSL/TLS +handshake with the downstream through the tunnel. The +timeouts when connecting and making CONNECT request can +be specified by \fI\%\-\-backend\-read\-timeout\fP and +\fI\%\-\-backend\-write\-timeout\fP options. +.UNINDENT +.SS Performance +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-n, \-\-workers=<N> +Set the number of worker threads. +.sp +Default: \fB1\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-single\-thread +Run everything in one thread inside the worker process. +This feature is provided for better debugging +experience, or for the platforms which lack thread +support. If threading is disabled, this option is +always enabled. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-read\-rate=<SIZE> +Set maximum average read rate on frontend connection. +Setting 0 to this option means read rate is unlimited. +.sp +Default: \fB0\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-read\-burst=<SIZE> +Set maximum read burst size on frontend connection. +Setting 0 to this option means read burst size is +unlimited. +.sp +Default: \fB0\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-write\-rate=<SIZE> +Set maximum average write rate on frontend connection. +Setting 0 to this option means write rate is unlimited. +.sp +Default: \fB0\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-write\-burst=<SIZE> +Set maximum write burst size on frontend connection. +Setting 0 to this option means write burst size is +unlimited. +.sp +Default: \fB0\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-worker\-read\-rate=<SIZE> +Set maximum average read rate on frontend connection per +worker. Setting 0 to this option means read rate is +unlimited. Not implemented yet. +.sp +Default: \fB0\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-worker\-read\-burst=<SIZE> +Set maximum read burst size on frontend connection per +worker. Setting 0 to this option means read burst size +is unlimited. Not implemented yet. +.sp +Default: \fB0\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-worker\-write\-rate=<SIZE> +Set maximum average write rate on frontend connection +per worker. Setting 0 to this option means write rate +is unlimited. Not implemented yet. +.sp +Default: \fB0\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-worker\-write\-burst=<SIZE> +Set maximum write burst size on frontend connection per +worker. Setting 0 to this option means write burst size +is unlimited. Not implemented yet. +.sp +Default: \fB0\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-worker\-frontend\-connections=<N> +Set maximum number of simultaneous connections frontend +accepts. Setting 0 means unlimited. +.sp +Default: \fB0\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-backend\-connections\-per\-host=<N> +Set maximum number of backend concurrent connections +(and/or streams in case of HTTP/2) per origin host. +This option is meaningful when \fI\%\-\-http2\-proxy\fP option is +used. The origin host is determined by authority +portion of request URI (or :authority header field for +HTTP/2). To limit the number of connections per +frontend for default mode, use +\fI\%\-\-backend\-connections\-per\-frontend\fP\&. +.sp +Default: \fB8\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-backend\-connections\-per\-frontend=<N> +Set maximum number of backend concurrent connections +(and/or streams in case of HTTP/2) per frontend. This +option is only used for default mode. 0 means +unlimited. To limit the number of connections per host +with \fI\%\-\-http2\-proxy\fP option, use +\fI\%\-\-backend\-connections\-per\-host\fP\&. +.sp +Default: \fB0\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-rlimit\-nofile=<N> +Set maximum number of open files (RLIMIT_NOFILE) to <N>. +If 0 is given, nghttpx does not set the limit. +.sp +Default: \fB0\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-rlimit\-memlock=<N> +Set maximum number of bytes of memory that may be locked +into RAM. If 0 is given, nghttpx does not set the +limit. +.sp +Default: \fB0\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-backend\-request\-buffer=<SIZE> +Set buffer size used to store backend request. +.sp +Default: \fB16K\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-backend\-response\-buffer=<SIZE> +Set buffer size used to store backend response. +.sp +Default: \fB128K\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-fastopen=<N> +Enables "TCP Fast Open" for the listening socket and +limits the maximum length for the queue of connections +that have not yet completed the three\-way handshake. If +value is 0 then fast open is disabled. +.sp +Default: \fB0\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-no\-kqueue +Don\(aqt use kqueue. This option is only applicable for +the platforms which have kqueue. For other platforms, +this option will be simply ignored. +.UNINDENT +.SS Timeout +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-frontend\-http2\-read\-timeout=<DURATION> +Specify read timeout for HTTP/2 frontend connection. +.sp +Default: \fB3m\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-frontend\-http3\-read\-timeout=<DURATION> +Specify read timeout for HTTP/3 frontend connection. +.sp +Default: \fB3m\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-frontend\-read\-timeout=<DURATION> +Specify read timeout for HTTP/1.1 frontend connection. +.sp +Default: \fB1m\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-frontend\-write\-timeout=<DURATION> +Specify write timeout for all frontend connections. +.sp +Default: \fB30s\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-frontend\-keep\-alive\-timeout=<DURATION> +Specify keep\-alive timeout for frontend HTTP/1 +connection. +.sp +Default: \fB1m\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-stream\-read\-timeout=<DURATION> +Specify read timeout for HTTP/2 streams. 0 means no +timeout. +.sp +Default: \fB0\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-stream\-write\-timeout=<DURATION> +Specify write timeout for HTTP/2 streams. 0 means no +timeout. +.sp +Default: \fB1m\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-backend\-read\-timeout=<DURATION> +Specify read timeout for backend connection. +.sp +Default: \fB1m\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-backend\-write\-timeout=<DURATION> +Specify write timeout for backend connection. +.sp +Default: \fB30s\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-backend\-connect\-timeout=<DURATION> +Specify timeout before establishing TCP connection to +backend. +.sp +Default: \fB30s\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-backend\-keep\-alive\-timeout=<DURATION> +Specify keep\-alive timeout for backend HTTP/1 +connection. +.sp +Default: \fB2s\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-listener\-disable\-timeout=<DURATION> +After accepting connection failed, connection listener +is disabled for a given amount of time. Specifying 0 +disables this feature. +.sp +Default: \fB30s\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-frontend\-http2\-setting\-timeout=<DURATION> +Specify timeout before SETTINGS ACK is received from +client. +.sp +Default: \fB10s\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-backend\-http2\-settings\-timeout=<DURATION> +Specify timeout before SETTINGS ACK is received from +backend server. +.sp +Default: \fB10s\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-backend\-max\-backoff=<DURATION> +Specify maximum backoff interval. This is used when +doing health check against offline backend (see "fail" +parameter in \fI\%\-\-backend\fP option). It is also used to +limit the maximum interval to temporarily disable +backend when nghttpx failed to connect to it. These +intervals are calculated using exponential backoff, and +consecutive failed attempts increase the interval. This +option caps its maximum value. +.sp +Default: \fB2m\fP +.UNINDENT +.SS SSL/TLS +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-ciphers=<SUITE> +Set allowed cipher list for frontend connection. The +format of the string is described in OpenSSL ciphers(1). +This option sets cipher suites for TLSv1.2 or earlier. +Use \fI\%\-\-tls13\-ciphers\fP for TLSv1.3. +.sp +Default: \fBECDHE\-ECDSA\-AES128\-GCM\-SHA256:ECDHE\-RSA\-AES128\-GCM\-SHA256:ECDHE\-ECDSA\-AES256\-GCM\-SHA384:ECDHE\-RSA\-AES256\-GCM\-SHA384:ECDHE\-ECDSA\-CHACHA20\-POLY1305:ECDHE\-RSA\-CHACHA20\-POLY1305:DHE\-RSA\-AES128\-GCM\-SHA256:DHE\-RSA\-AES256\-GCM\-SHA384\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-tls13\-ciphers=<SUITE> +Set allowed cipher list for frontend connection. The +format of the string is described in OpenSSL ciphers(1). +This option sets cipher suites for TLSv1.3. Use +\fI\%\-\-ciphers\fP for TLSv1.2 or earlier. +.sp +Default: \fBTLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256:TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-client\-ciphers=<SUITE> +Set allowed cipher list for backend connection. The +format of the string is described in OpenSSL ciphers(1). +This option sets cipher suites for TLSv1.2 or earlier. +Use \fI\%\-\-tls13\-client\-ciphers\fP for TLSv1.3. +.sp +Default: \fBECDHE\-ECDSA\-AES128\-GCM\-SHA256:ECDHE\-RSA\-AES128\-GCM\-SHA256:ECDHE\-ECDSA\-AES256\-GCM\-SHA384:ECDHE\-RSA\-AES256\-GCM\-SHA384:ECDHE\-ECDSA\-CHACHA20\-POLY1305:ECDHE\-RSA\-CHACHA20\-POLY1305:DHE\-RSA\-AES128\-GCM\-SHA256:DHE\-RSA\-AES256\-GCM\-SHA384\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-tls13\-client\-ciphers=<SUITE> +Set allowed cipher list for backend connection. The +format of the string is described in OpenSSL ciphers(1). +This option sets cipher suites for TLSv1.3. Use +\fI\%\-\-tls13\-client\-ciphers\fP for TLSv1.2 or earlier. +.sp +Default: \fBTLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256:TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-ecdh\-curves=<LIST> +Set supported curve list for frontend connections. +<LIST> is a colon separated list of curve NID or names +in the preference order. The supported curves depend on +the linked OpenSSL library. This function requires +OpenSSL >= 1.0.2. +.sp +Default: \fBX25519:P\-256:P\-384:P\-521\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-k, \-\-insecure +Don\(aqt verify backend server\(aqs certificate if TLS is +enabled for backend connections. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-cacert=<PATH> +Set path to trusted CA certificate file. It is used in +backend TLS connections to verify peer\(aqs certificate. +It is also used to verify OCSP response from the script +set by \fI\%\-\-fetch\-ocsp\-response\-file\fP\&. The file must be in +PEM format. It can contain multiple certificates. If +the linked OpenSSL is configured to load system wide +certificates, they are loaded at startup regardless of +this option. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-private\-key\-passwd\-file=<PATH> +Path to file that contains password for the server\(aqs +private key. If none is given and the private key is +password protected it\(aqll be requested interactively. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-subcert=<KEYPATH>:<CERTPATH>[[;<PARAM>]...] +Specify additional certificate and private key file. +nghttpx will choose certificates based on the hostname +indicated by client using TLS SNI extension. If nghttpx +is built with OpenSSL >= 1.0.2, the shared elliptic +curves (e.g., P\-256) between client and server are also +taken into consideration. This allows nghttpx to send +ECDSA certificate to modern clients, while sending RSA +based certificate to older clients. This option can be +used multiple times. To make OCSP stapling work, +<CERTPATH> must be absolute path. +.sp +Additional parameter can be specified in <PARAM>. The +available <PARAM> is "sct\-dir=<DIR>". +.sp +"sct\-dir=<DIR>" specifies the path to directory which +contains *.sct files for TLS +signed_certificate_timestamp extension (RFC 6962). This +feature requires OpenSSL >= 1.0.2. See also +\fI\%\-\-tls\-sct\-dir\fP option. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-dh\-param\-file=<PATH> +Path to file that contains DH parameters in PEM format. +Without this option, DHE cipher suites are not +available. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-npn\-list=<LIST> +Comma delimited list of ALPN protocol identifier sorted +in the order of preference. That means most desirable +protocol comes first. This is used in both ALPN and +NPN. The parameter must be delimited by a single comma +only and any white spaces are treated as a part of +protocol string. +.sp +Default: \fBh2,h2\-16,h2\-14,http/1.1\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-verify\-client +Require and verify client certificate. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-verify\-client\-cacert=<PATH> +Path to file that contains CA certificates to verify +client certificate. The file must be in PEM format. It +can contain multiple certificates. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-verify\-client\-tolerate\-expired +Accept expired client certificate. Operator should +handle the expired client certificate by some means +(e.g., mruby script). Otherwise, this option might +cause a security risk. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-client\-private\-key\-file=<PATH> +Path to file that contains client private key used in +backend client authentication. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-client\-cert\-file=<PATH> +Path to file that contains client certificate used in +backend client authentication. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-tls\-min\-proto\-version=<VER> +Specify minimum SSL/TLS protocol. The name matching is +done in case\-insensitive manner. The versions between +\fI\%\-\-tls\-min\-proto\-version\fP and \fI\%\-\-tls\-max\-proto\-version\fP are +enabled. If the protocol list advertised by client does +not overlap this range, you will receive the error +message "unknown protocol". If a protocol version lower +than TLSv1.2 is specified, make sure that the compatible +ciphers are included in \fI\%\-\-ciphers\fP option. The default +cipher list only includes ciphers compatible with +TLSv1.2 or above. The available versions are: +TLSv1.3, TLSv1.2, TLSv1.1, and TLSv1.0 +.sp +Default: \fBTLSv1.2\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-tls\-max\-proto\-version=<VER> +Specify maximum SSL/TLS protocol. The name matching is +done in case\-insensitive manner. The versions between +\fI\%\-\-tls\-min\-proto\-version\fP and \fI\%\-\-tls\-max\-proto\-version\fP are +enabled. If the protocol list advertised by client does +not overlap this range, you will receive the error +message "unknown protocol". The available versions are: +TLSv1.3, TLSv1.2, TLSv1.1, and TLSv1.0 +.sp +Default: \fBTLSv1.3\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-tls\-ticket\-key\-file=<PATH> +Path to file that contains random data to construct TLS +session ticket parameters. If aes\-128\-cbc is given in +\fI\%\-\-tls\-ticket\-key\-cipher\fP, the file must contain exactly +48 bytes. If aes\-256\-cbc is given in +\fI\%\-\-tls\-ticket\-key\-cipher\fP, the file must contain exactly +80 bytes. This options can be used repeatedly to +specify multiple ticket parameters. If several files +are given, only the first key is used to encrypt TLS +session tickets. Other keys are accepted but server +will issue new session ticket with first key. This +allows session key rotation. Please note that key +rotation does not occur automatically. User should +rearrange files or change options values and restart +nghttpx gracefully. If opening or reading given file +fails, all loaded keys are discarded and it is treated +as if none of this option is given. If this option is +not given or an error occurred while opening or reading +a file, key is generated every 1 hour internally and +they are valid for 12 hours. This is recommended if +ticket key sharing between nghttpx instances is not +required. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-tls\-ticket\-key\-memcached=<HOST>,<PORT>[;tls] +Specify address of memcached server to get TLS ticket +keys for session resumption. This enables shared TLS +ticket key between multiple nghttpx instances. nghttpx +does not set TLS ticket key to memcached. The external +ticket key generator is required. nghttpx just gets TLS +ticket keys from memcached, and use them, possibly +replacing current set of keys. It is up to extern TLS +ticket key generator to rotate keys frequently. See +"TLS SESSION TICKET RESUMPTION" section in manual page +to know the data format in memcached entry. Optionally, +memcached connection can be encrypted with TLS by +specifying "tls" parameter. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-tls\-ticket\-key\-memcached\-address\-family=(auto|IPv4|IPv6) +Specify address family of memcached connections to get +TLS ticket keys. If "auto" is given, both IPv4 and IPv6 +are considered. If "IPv4" is given, only IPv4 address +is considered. If "IPv6" is given, only IPv6 address is +considered. +.sp +Default: \fBauto\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-tls\-ticket\-key\-memcached\-interval=<DURATION> +Set interval to get TLS ticket keys from memcached. +.sp +Default: \fB10m\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-tls\-ticket\-key\-memcached\-max\-retry=<N> +Set maximum number of consecutive retries before +abandoning TLS ticket key retrieval. If this number is +reached, the attempt is considered as failure, and +"failure" count is incremented by 1, which contributed +to the value controlled +\fI\%\-\-tls\-ticket\-key\-memcached\-max\-fail\fP option. +.sp +Default: \fB3\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-tls\-ticket\-key\-memcached\-max\-fail=<N> +Set maximum number of consecutive failure before +disabling TLS ticket until next scheduled key retrieval. +.sp +Default: \fB2\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-tls\-ticket\-key\-cipher=<CIPHER> +Specify cipher to encrypt TLS session ticket. Specify +either aes\-128\-cbc or aes\-256\-cbc. By default, +aes\-128\-cbc is used. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-tls\-ticket\-key\-memcached\-cert\-file=<PATH> +Path to client certificate for memcached connections to +get TLS ticket keys. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-tls\-ticket\-key\-memcached\-private\-key\-file=<PATH> +Path to client private key for memcached connections to +get TLS ticket keys. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-fetch\-ocsp\-response\-file=<PATH> +Path to fetch\-ocsp\-response script file. It should be +absolute path. +.sp +Default: \fB/usr/local/share/nghttp2/fetch\-ocsp\-response\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-ocsp\-update\-interval=<DURATION> +Set interval to update OCSP response cache. +.sp +Default: \fB4h\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-ocsp\-startup +Start accepting connections after initial attempts to +get OCSP responses finish. It does not matter some of +the attempts fail. This feature is useful if OCSP +responses must be available before accepting +connections. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-no\-verify\-ocsp +nghttpx does not verify OCSP response. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-no\-ocsp +Disable OCSP stapling. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-tls\-session\-cache\-memcached=<HOST>,<PORT>[;tls] +Specify address of memcached server to store session +cache. This enables shared session cache between +multiple nghttpx instances. Optionally, memcached +connection can be encrypted with TLS by specifying "tls" +parameter. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-tls\-session\-cache\-memcached\-address\-family=(auto|IPv4|IPv6) +Specify address family of memcached connections to store +session cache. If "auto" is given, both IPv4 and IPv6 +are considered. If "IPv4" is given, only IPv4 address +is considered. If "IPv6" is given, only IPv6 address is +considered. +.sp +Default: \fBauto\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-tls\-session\-cache\-memcached\-cert\-file=<PATH> +Path to client certificate for memcached connections to +store session cache. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-tls\-session\-cache\-memcached\-private\-key\-file=<PATH> +Path to client private key for memcached connections to +store session cache. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-tls\-dyn\-rec\-warmup\-threshold=<SIZE> +Specify the threshold size for TLS dynamic record size +behaviour. During a TLS session, after the threshold +number of bytes have been written, the TLS record size +will be increased to the maximum allowed (16K). The max +record size will continue to be used on the active TLS +session. After \fI\%\-\-tls\-dyn\-rec\-idle\-timeout\fP has elapsed, +the record size is reduced to 1300 bytes. Specify 0 to +always use the maximum record size, regardless of idle +period. This behaviour applies to all TLS based +frontends, and TLS HTTP/2 backends. +.sp +Default: \fB1M\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-tls\-dyn\-rec\-idle\-timeout=<DURATION> +Specify TLS dynamic record size behaviour timeout. See +\fI\%\-\-tls\-dyn\-rec\-warmup\-threshold\fP for more information. +This behaviour applies to all TLS based frontends, and +TLS HTTP/2 backends. +.sp +Default: \fB1s\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-no\-http2\-cipher\-block\-list +Allow block listed cipher suite on frontend HTTP/2 +connection. See +\fI\%https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7540#appendix\-A\fP for the +complete HTTP/2 cipher suites block list. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-client\-no\-http2\-cipher\-block\-list +Allow block listed cipher suite on backend HTTP/2 +connection. See +\fI\%https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7540#appendix\-A\fP for the +complete HTTP/2 cipher suites block list. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-tls\-sct\-dir=<DIR> +Specifies the directory where *.sct files exist. All +*.sct files in <DIR> are read, and sent as +extension_data of TLS signed_certificate_timestamp (RFC +6962) to client. These *.sct files are for the +certificate specified in positional command\-line +argument <CERT>, or certificate option in configuration +file. For additional certificates, use \fI\%\-\-subcert\fP +option. This option requires OpenSSL >= 1.0.2. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-psk\-secrets=<PATH> +Read list of PSK identity and secrets from <PATH>. This +is used for frontend connection. The each line of input +file is formatted as <identity>:<hex\-secret>, where +<identity> is PSK identity, and <hex\-secret> is secret +in hex. An empty line, and line which starts with \(aq#\(aq +are skipped. The default enabled cipher list might not +contain any PSK cipher suite. In that case, desired PSK +cipher suites must be enabled using \fI\%\-\-ciphers\fP option. +The desired PSK cipher suite may be block listed by +HTTP/2. To use those cipher suites with HTTP/2, +consider to use \fI\%\-\-no\-http2\-cipher\-block\-list\fP option. +But be aware its implications. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-client\-psk\-secrets=<PATH> +Read PSK identity and secrets from <PATH>. This is used +for backend connection. The each line of input file is +formatted as <identity>:<hex\-secret>, where <identity> +is PSK identity, and <hex\-secret> is secret in hex. An +empty line, and line which starts with \(aq#\(aq are skipped. +The first identity and secret pair encountered is used. +The default enabled cipher list might not contain any +PSK cipher suite. In that case, desired PSK cipher +suites must be enabled using \fI\%\-\-client\-ciphers\fP option. +The desired PSK cipher suite may be block listed by +HTTP/2. To use those cipher suites with HTTP/2, +consider to use \fI\%\-\-client\-no\-http2\-cipher\-block\-list\fP +option. But be aware its implications. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-tls\-no\-postpone\-early\-data +By default, except for QUIC connections, nghttpx +postpones forwarding HTTP requests sent in early data, +including those sent in partially in it, until TLS +handshake finishes. If all backend server recognizes +"Early\-Data" header field, using this option makes +nghttpx not postpone forwarding request and get full +potential of 0\-RTT data. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-tls\-max\-early\-data=<SIZE> +Sets the maximum amount of 0\-RTT data that server +accepts. +.sp +Default: \fB16K\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-tls\-ktls +Enable ktls. For server, ktls is enable if +\fI\%\-\-tls\-session\-cache\-memcached\fP is not configured. +.UNINDENT +.SS HTTP/2 +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-c, \-\-frontend\-http2\-max\-concurrent\-streams=<N> +Set the maximum number of the concurrent streams in one +frontend HTTP/2 session. +.sp +Default: \fB100\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-backend\-http2\-max\-concurrent\-streams=<N> +Set the maximum number of the concurrent streams in one +backend HTTP/2 session. This sets maximum number of +concurrent opened pushed streams. The maximum number of +concurrent requests are set by a remote server. +.sp +Default: \fB100\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-frontend\-http2\-window\-size=<SIZE> +Sets the per\-stream initial window size of HTTP/2 +frontend connection. +.sp +Default: \fB65535\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-frontend\-http2\-connection\-window\-size=<SIZE> +Sets the per\-connection window size of HTTP/2 frontend +connection. +.sp +Default: \fB65535\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-backend\-http2\-window\-size=<SIZE> +Sets the initial window size of HTTP/2 backend +connection. +.sp +Default: \fB65535\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-backend\-http2\-connection\-window\-size=<SIZE> +Sets the per\-connection window size of HTTP/2 backend +connection. +.sp +Default: \fB2147483647\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-http2\-no\-cookie\-crumbling +Don\(aqt crumble cookie header field. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-padding=<N> +Add at most <N> bytes to a HTTP/2 frame payload as +padding. Specify 0 to disable padding. This option is +meant for debugging purpose and not intended to enhance +protocol security. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-no\-server\-push +Disable HTTP/2 server push. Server push is supported by +default mode and HTTP/2 frontend via Link header field. +It is also supported if both frontend and backend are +HTTP/2 in default mode. In this case, server push from +backend session is relayed to frontend, and server push +via Link header field is also supported. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-frontend\-http2\-optimize\-write\-buffer\-size +(Experimental) Enable write buffer size optimization in +frontend HTTP/2 TLS connection. This optimization aims +to reduce write buffer size so that it only contains +bytes which can send immediately. This makes server +more responsive to prioritized HTTP/2 stream because the +buffering of lower priority stream is reduced. This +option is only effective on recent Linux platform. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-frontend\-http2\-optimize\-window\-size +(Experimental) Automatically tune connection level +window size of frontend HTTP/2 TLS connection. If this +feature is enabled, connection window size starts with +the default window size, 65535 bytes. nghttpx +automatically adjusts connection window size based on +TCP receiving window size. The maximum window size is +capped by the value specified by +\fI\%\-\-frontend\-http2\-connection\-window\-size\fP\&. Since the +stream is subject to stream level window size, it should +be adjusted using \fI\%\-\-frontend\-http2\-window\-size\fP option as +well. This option is only effective on recent Linux +platform. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-frontend\-http2\-encoder\-dynamic\-table\-size=<SIZE> +Specify the maximum dynamic table size of HPACK encoder +in the frontend HTTP/2 connection. The decoder (client) +specifies the maximum dynamic table size it accepts. +Then the negotiated dynamic table size is the minimum of +this option value and the value which client specified. +.sp +Default: \fB4K\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-frontend\-http2\-decoder\-dynamic\-table\-size=<SIZE> +Specify the maximum dynamic table size of HPACK decoder +in the frontend HTTP/2 connection. +.sp +Default: \fB4K\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-backend\-http2\-encoder\-dynamic\-table\-size=<SIZE> +Specify the maximum dynamic table size of HPACK encoder +in the backend HTTP/2 connection. The decoder (backend) +specifies the maximum dynamic table size it accepts. +Then the negotiated dynamic table size is the minimum of +this option value and the value which backend specified. +.sp +Default: \fB4K\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-backend\-http2\-decoder\-dynamic\-table\-size=<SIZE> +Specify the maximum dynamic table size of HPACK decoder +in the backend HTTP/2 connection. +.sp +Default: \fB4K\fP +.UNINDENT +.SS Mode +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B (default mode) +Accept HTTP/2, and HTTP/1.1 over SSL/TLS. "no\-tls" +parameter is used in \fI\%\-\-frontend\fP option, accept HTTP/2 +and HTTP/1.1 over cleartext TCP. The incoming HTTP/1.1 +connection can be upgraded to HTTP/2 through HTTP +Upgrade. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-s, \-\-http2\-proxy +Like default mode, but enable forward proxy. This is so +called HTTP/2 proxy mode. +.UNINDENT +.SS Logging +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-L, \-\-log\-level=<LEVEL> +Set the severity level of log output. <LEVEL> must be +one of INFO, NOTICE, WARN, ERROR and FATAL. +.sp +Default: \fBNOTICE\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-accesslog\-file=<PATH> +Set path to write access log. To reopen file, send USR1 +signal to nghttpx. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-accesslog\-syslog +Send access log to syslog. If this option is used, +\fI\%\-\-accesslog\-file\fP option is ignored. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-accesslog\-format=<FORMAT> +Specify format string for access log. The default +format is combined format. The following variables are +available: +.INDENT 7.0 +.IP \(bu 2 +$remote_addr: client IP address. +.IP \(bu 2 +$time_local: local time in Common Log format. +.IP \(bu 2 +$time_iso8601: local time in ISO 8601 format. +.IP \(bu 2 +$request: HTTP request line. +.IP \(bu 2 +$status: HTTP response status code. +.IP \(bu 2 +$body_bytes_sent: the number of bytes sent to client +as response body. +.IP \(bu 2 +$http_<VAR>: value of HTTP request header <VAR> where +\(aq_\(aq in <VAR> is replaced with \(aq\-\(aq. +.IP \(bu 2 +$remote_port: client port. +.IP \(bu 2 +$server_port: server port. +.IP \(bu 2 +$request_time: request processing time in seconds with +milliseconds resolution. +.IP \(bu 2 +$pid: PID of the running process. +.IP \(bu 2 +$alpn: ALPN identifier of the protocol which generates +the response. For HTTP/1, ALPN is always http/1.1, +regardless of minor version. +.IP \(bu 2 +$tls_cipher: cipher used for SSL/TLS connection. +.IP \(bu 2 +$tls_client_fingerprint_sha256: SHA\-256 fingerprint of +client certificate. +.IP \(bu 2 +$tls_client_fingerprint_sha1: SHA\-1 fingerprint of +client certificate. +.IP \(bu 2 +$tls_client_subject_name: subject name in client +certificate. +.IP \(bu 2 +$tls_client_issuer_name: issuer name in client +certificate. +.IP \(bu 2 +$tls_client_serial: serial number in client +certificate. +.IP \(bu 2 +$tls_protocol: protocol for SSL/TLS connection. +.IP \(bu 2 +$tls_session_id: session ID for SSL/TLS connection. +.IP \(bu 2 +$tls_session_reused: "r" if SSL/TLS session was +reused. Otherwise, "." +.IP \(bu 2 +$tls_sni: SNI server name for SSL/TLS connection. +.IP \(bu 2 +$backend_host: backend host used to fulfill the +request. "\-" if backend host is not available. +.IP \(bu 2 +$backend_port: backend port used to fulfill the +request. "\-" if backend host is not available. +.IP \(bu 2 +$method: HTTP method +.IP \(bu 2 +$path: Request path including query. For CONNECT +request, authority is recorded. +.IP \(bu 2 +$path_without_query: $path up to the first \(aq?\(aq +character. For CONNECT request, authority is +recorded. +.IP \(bu 2 +$protocol_version: HTTP version (e.g., HTTP/1.1, +HTTP/2) +.UNINDENT +.sp +The variable can be enclosed by "{" and "}" for +disambiguation (e.g., ${remote_addr}). +.sp +Default: \fB$remote_addr \- \- [$time_local] "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-accesslog\-write\-early +Write access log when response header fields are +received from backend rather than when request +transaction finishes. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-errorlog\-file=<PATH> +Set path to write error log. To reopen file, send USR1 +signal to nghttpx. stderr will be redirected to the +error log file unless \fI\%\-\-errorlog\-syslog\fP is used. +.sp +Default: \fB/dev/stderr\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-errorlog\-syslog +Send error log to syslog. If this option is used, +\fI\%\-\-errorlog\-file\fP option is ignored. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-syslog\-facility=<FACILITY> +Set syslog facility to <FACILITY>. +.sp +Default: \fBdaemon\fP +.UNINDENT +.SS HTTP +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-add\-x\-forwarded\-for +Append X\-Forwarded\-For header field to the downstream +request. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-strip\-incoming\-x\-forwarded\-for +Strip X\-Forwarded\-For header field from inbound client +requests. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-no\-add\-x\-forwarded\-proto +Don\(aqt append additional X\-Forwarded\-Proto header field +to the backend request. If inbound client sets +X\-Forwarded\-Proto, and +\fI\%\-\-no\-strip\-incoming\-x\-forwarded\-proto\fP option is used, +they are passed to the backend. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-no\-strip\-incoming\-x\-forwarded\-proto +Don\(aqt strip X\-Forwarded\-Proto header field from inbound +client requests. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-add\-forwarded=<LIST> +Append RFC 7239 Forwarded header field with parameters +specified in comma delimited list <LIST>. The supported +parameters are "by", "for", "host", and "proto". By +default, the value of "by" and "for" parameters are +obfuscated string. See \fI\%\-\-forwarded\-by\fP and +\fI\%\-\-forwarded\-for\fP options respectively. Note that nghttpx +does not translate non\-standard X\-Forwarded\-* header +fields into Forwarded header field, and vice versa. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-strip\-incoming\-forwarded +Strip Forwarded header field from inbound client +requests. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-forwarded\-by=(obfuscated|ip|<VALUE>) +Specify the parameter value sent out with "by" parameter +of Forwarded header field. If "obfuscated" is given, +the string is randomly generated at startup. If "ip" is +given, the interface address of the connection, +including port number, is sent with "by" parameter. In +case of UNIX domain socket, "localhost" is used instead +of address and port. User can also specify the static +obfuscated string. The limitation is that it must start +with "_", and only consists of character set +[A\-Za\-z0\-9._\-], as described in RFC 7239. +.sp +Default: \fBobfuscated\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-forwarded\-for=(obfuscated|ip) +Specify the parameter value sent out with "for" +parameter of Forwarded header field. If "obfuscated" is +given, the string is randomly generated for each client +connection. If "ip" is given, the remote client address +of the connection, without port number, is sent with +"for" parameter. In case of UNIX domain socket, +"localhost" is used instead of address. +.sp +Default: \fBobfuscated\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-no\-via +Don\(aqt append to Via header field. If Via header field +is received, it is left unaltered. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-no\-strip\-incoming\-early\-data +Don\(aqt strip Early\-Data header field from inbound client +requests. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-no\-location\-rewrite +Don\(aqt rewrite location header field in default mode. +When \fI\%\-\-http2\-proxy\fP is used, location header field will +not be altered regardless of this option. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-host\-rewrite +Rewrite host and :authority header fields in default +mode. When \fI\%\-\-http2\-proxy\fP is used, these headers will +not be altered regardless of this option. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-altsvc=<PROTOID,PORT[,HOST,[ORIGIN[,PARAMS]]]> +Specify protocol ID, port, host and origin of +alternative service. <HOST>, <ORIGIN> and <PARAMS> are +optional. Empty <HOST> and <ORIGIN> are allowed and +they are treated as nothing is specified. They are +advertised in alt\-svc header field only in HTTP/1.1 +frontend. This option can be used multiple times to +specify multiple alternative services. +Example: \fI\%\-\-altsvc\fP="h2,443,,,ma=3600; persist=1" +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-http2\-altsvc=<PROTOID,PORT[,HOST,[ORIGIN[,PARAMS]]]> +Just like \fI\%\-\-altsvc\fP option, but this altsvc is only sent +in HTTP/2 frontend. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-add\-request\-header=<HEADER> +Specify additional header field to add to request header +set. This option just appends header field and won\(aqt +replace anything already set. This option can be used +several times to specify multiple header fields. +Example: \fI\%\-\-add\-request\-header\fP="foo: bar" +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-add\-response\-header=<HEADER> +Specify additional header field to add to response +header set. This option just appends header field and +won\(aqt replace anything already set. This option can be +used several times to specify multiple header fields. +Example: \fI\%\-\-add\-response\-header\fP="foo: bar" +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-request\-header\-field\-buffer=<SIZE> +Set maximum buffer size for incoming HTTP request header +field list. This is the sum of header name and value in +bytes. If trailer fields exist, they are counted +towards this number. +.sp +Default: \fB64K\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-max\-request\-header\-fields=<N> +Set maximum number of incoming HTTP request header +fields. If trailer fields exist, they are counted +towards this number. +.sp +Default: \fB100\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-response\-header\-field\-buffer=<SIZE> +Set maximum buffer size for incoming HTTP response +header field list. This is the sum of header name and +value in bytes. If trailer fields exist, they are +counted towards this number. +.sp +Default: \fB64K\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-max\-response\-header\-fields=<N> +Set maximum number of incoming HTTP response header +fields. If trailer fields exist, they are counted +towards this number. +.sp +Default: \fB500\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-error\-page=(<CODE>|*)=<PATH> +Set file path to custom error page served when nghttpx +originally generates HTTP error status code <CODE>. +<CODE> must be greater than or equal to 400, and at most +599. If "*" is used instead of <CODE>, it matches all +HTTP status code. If error status code comes from +backend server, the custom error pages are not used. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-server\-name=<NAME> +Change server response header field value to <NAME>. +.sp +Default: \fBnghttpx\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-no\-server\-rewrite +Don\(aqt rewrite server header field in default mode. When +\fI\%\-\-http2\-proxy\fP is used, these headers will not be altered +regardless of this option. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-redirect\-https\-port=<PORT> +Specify the port number which appears in Location header +field when redirect to HTTPS URI is made due to +"redirect\-if\-not\-tls" parameter in \fI\%\-\-backend\fP option. +.sp +Default: \fB443\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-require\-http\-scheme +Always require http or https scheme in HTTP request. It +also requires that https scheme must be used for an +encrypted connection. Otherwise, http scheme must be +used. This option is recommended for a server +deployment which directly faces clients and the services +it provides only require http or https scheme. +.UNINDENT +.SS API +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-api\-max\-request\-body=<SIZE> +Set the maximum size of request body for API request. +.sp +Default: \fB32M\fP +.UNINDENT +.SS DNS +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-dns\-cache\-timeout=<DURATION> +Set duration that cached DNS results remain valid. Note +that nghttpx caches the unsuccessful results as well. +.sp +Default: \fB10s\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-dns\-lookup\-timeout=<DURATION> +Set timeout that DNS server is given to respond to the +initial DNS query. For the 2nd and later queries, +server is given time based on this timeout, and it is +scaled linearly. +.sp +Default: \fB5s\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-dns\-max\-try=<N> +Set the number of DNS query before nghttpx gives up name +lookup. +.sp +Default: \fB2\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-frontend\-max\-requests=<N> +The number of requests that single frontend connection +can process. For HTTP/2, this is the number of streams +in one HTTP/2 connection. For HTTP/1, this is the +number of keep alive requests. This is hint to nghttpx, +and it may allow additional few requests. The default +value is unlimited. +.UNINDENT +.SS Debug +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-frontend\-http2\-dump\-request\-header=<PATH> +Dumps request headers received by HTTP/2 frontend to the +file denoted in <PATH>. The output is done in HTTP/1 +header field format and each header block is followed by +an empty line. This option is not thread safe and MUST +NOT be used with option \fI\%\-n\fP<N>, where <N> >= 2. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-frontend\-http2\-dump\-response\-header=<PATH> +Dumps response headers sent from HTTP/2 frontend to the +file denoted in <PATH>. The output is done in HTTP/1 +header field format and each header block is followed by +an empty line. This option is not thread safe and MUST +NOT be used with option \fI\%\-n\fP<N>, where <N> >= 2. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-o, \-\-frontend\-frame\-debug +Print HTTP/2 frames in frontend to stderr. This option +is not thread safe and MUST NOT be used with option +\fI\%\-n\fP=N, where N >= 2. +.UNINDENT +.SS Process +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-D, \-\-daemon +Run in a background. If \fI\%\-D\fP is used, the current working +directory is changed to \(aq\fI/\fP\(aq. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-pid\-file=<PATH> +Set path to save PID of this program. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-user=<USER> +Run this program as <USER>. This option is intended to +be used to drop root privileges. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-single\-process +Run this program in a single process mode for debugging +purpose. Without this option, nghttpx creates at least +2 processes: main and worker processes. If this option +is used, main and worker are unified into a single +process. nghttpx still spawns additional process if +neverbleed is used. In the single process mode, the +signal handling feature is disabled. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-max\-worker\-processes=<N> +The maximum number of worker processes. nghttpx spawns +new worker process when it reloads its configuration. +The previous worker process enters graceful termination +period and will terminate when it finishes handling the +existing connections. However, if reloading +configurations happen very frequently, the worker +processes might be piled up if they take a bit long time +to finish the existing connections. With this option, +if the number of worker processes exceeds the given +value, the oldest worker process is terminated +immediately. Specifying 0 means no limit and it is the +default behaviour. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-worker\-process\-grace\-shutdown\-period=<DURATION> +Maximum period for a worker process to terminate +gracefully. When a worker process enters in graceful +shutdown period (e.g., when nghttpx reloads its +configuration) and it does not finish handling the +existing connections in the given period of time, it is +immediately terminated. Specifying 0 means no limit and +it is the default behaviour. +.UNINDENT +.SS Scripting +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-mruby\-file=<PATH> +Set mruby script file +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-ignore\-per\-pattern\-mruby\-error +Ignore mruby compile error for per\-pattern mruby script +file. If error occurred, it is treated as if no mruby +file were specified for the pattern. +.UNINDENT +.SS HTTP/3 and QUIC +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-frontend\-quic\-idle\-timeout=<DURATION> +Specify an idle timeout for QUIC connection. +.sp +Default: \fB30s\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-frontend\-quic\-debug\-log +Output QUIC debug log to \fI/dev/stderr.\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-quic\-bpf\-program\-file=<PATH> +Specify a path to eBPF program file reuseport_kern.o to +direct an incoming QUIC UDP datagram to a correct +socket. +.sp +Default: \fB/usr/local/lib/nghttp2/reuseport_kern.o\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-frontend\-quic\-early\-data +Enable early data on frontend QUIC connections. nghttpx +sends "Early\-Data" header field to a backend server if a +request is received in early data and handshake has not +finished. All backend servers should deal with possibly +replayed requests. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-frontend\-quic\-qlog\-dir=<DIR> +Specify a directory where a qlog file is written for +frontend QUIC connections. A qlog file is created per +each QUIC connection. The file name is ISO8601 basic +format, followed by "\-", server Source Connection ID and +".sqlog". +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-frontend\-quic\-require\-token +Require an address validation token for a frontend QUIC +connection. Server sends a token in Retry packet or +NEW_TOKEN frame in the previous connection. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-frontend\-quic\-congestion\-controller=<CC> +Specify a congestion controller algorithm for a frontend +QUIC connection. <CC> should be one of "cubic", "bbr", +and "bbr2". +.sp +Default: \fBcubic\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-frontend\-quic\-secret\-file=<PATH> +Path to file that contains secure random data to be used +as QUIC keying materials. It is used to derive keys for +encrypting tokens and Connection IDs. It is not used to +encrypt QUIC packets. Each line of this file must +contain exactly 136 bytes hex\-encoded string (when +decoded the byte string is 68 bytes long). The first 2 +bits of decoded byte string are used to identify the +keying material. An empty line or a line which starts +\(aq#\(aq is ignored. The file can contain more than one +keying materials. Because the identifier is 2 bits, at +most 4 keying materials are read and the remaining data +is discarded. The first keying material in the file is +primarily used for encryption and decryption for new +connection. The other ones are used to decrypt data for +the existing connections. Specifying multiple keying +materials enables key rotation. Please note that key +rotation does not occur automatically. User should +update files or change options values and restart +nghttpx gracefully. If opening or reading given file +fails, all loaded keying materials are discarded and it +is treated as if none of this option is given. If this +option is not given or an error occurred while opening +or reading a file, a keying material is generated +internally on startup and reload. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-quic\-server\-id=<HEXSTRING> +Specify server ID encoded in Connection ID to identify +this particular server instance. Connection ID is +encrypted and this part is not visible in public. It +must be 4 bytes long and must be encoded in hex string +(which is 8 bytes long). If this option is omitted, a +random server ID is generated on startup and +configuration reload. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-frontend\-quic\-initial\-rtt=<DURATION> +Specify the initial RTT of the frontend QUIC connection. +.sp +Default: \fB333ms\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-no\-quic\-bpf +Disable eBPF. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-frontend\-http3\-window\-size=<SIZE> +Sets the per\-stream initial window size of HTTP/3 +frontend connection. +.sp +Default: \fB256K\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-frontend\-http3\-connection\-window\-size=<SIZE> +Sets the per\-connection window size of HTTP/3 frontend +connection. +.sp +Default: \fB1M\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-frontend\-http3\-max\-window\-size=<SIZE> +Sets the maximum per\-stream window size of HTTP/3 +frontend connection. The window size is adjusted based +on the receiving rate of stream data. The initial value +is the value specified by \fI\%\-\-frontend\-http3\-window\-size\fP +and the window size grows up to <SIZE> bytes. +.sp +Default: \fB6M\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-frontend\-http3\-max\-connection\-window\-size=<SIZE> +Sets the maximum per\-connection window size of HTTP/3 +frontend connection. The window size is adjusted based +on the receiving rate of stream data. The initial value +is the value specified by +\fI\%\-\-frontend\-http3\-connection\-window\-size\fP and the window +size grows up to <SIZE> bytes. +.sp +Default: \fB8M\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-frontend\-http3\-max\-concurrent\-streams=<N> +Set the maximum number of the concurrent streams in one +frontend HTTP/3 connection. +.sp +Default: \fB100\fP +.UNINDENT +.SS Misc +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-conf=<PATH> +Load configuration from <PATH>. Please note that +nghttpx always tries to read the default configuration +file if \fI\%\-\-conf\fP is not given. +.sp +Default: \fB/etc/nghttpx/nghttpx.conf\fP +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-\-include=<PATH> +Load additional configurations from <PATH>. File <PATH> +is read when configuration parser encountered this +option. This option can be used multiple times, or even +recursively. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-v, \-\-version +Print version and exit. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \-h, \-\-help +Print this help and exit. +.UNINDENT +.sp +The <SIZE> argument is an integer and an optional unit (e.g., 10K is +10 * 1024). Units are K, M and G (powers of 1024). +.sp +The <DURATION> argument is an integer and an optional unit (e.g., 1s +is 1 second and 500ms is 500 milliseconds). Units are h, m, s or ms +(hours, minutes, seconds and milliseconds, respectively). If a unit +is omitted, a second is used as unit. +.SH FILES +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B \fI/etc/nghttpx/nghttpx.conf\fP +The default configuration file path nghttpx searches at startup. +The configuration file path can be changed using \fI\%\-\-conf\fP +option. +.sp +Those lines which are staring \fB#\fP are treated as comment. +.sp +The option name in the configuration file is the long command\-line +option name with leading \fB\-\-\fP stripped (e.g., \fBfrontend\fP). Put +\fB=\fP between option name and value. Don\(aqt put extra leading or +trailing spaces. +.sp +When specifying arguments including characters which have special +meaning to a shell, we usually use quotes so that shell does not +interpret them. When writing this configuration file, quotes for +this purpose must not be used. For example, specify additional +request header field, do this: +.INDENT 7.0 +.INDENT 3.5 +.sp +.nf +.ft C +add\-request\-header=foo: bar +.ft P +.fi +.UNINDENT +.UNINDENT +.sp +instead of: +.INDENT 7.0 +.INDENT 3.5 +.sp +.nf +.ft C +add\-request\-header="foo: bar" +.ft P +.fi +.UNINDENT +.UNINDENT +.sp +The options which do not take argument in the command\-line \fItake\fP +argument in the configuration file. Specify \fByes\fP as an argument +(e.g., \fBhttp2\-proxy=yes\fP). If other string is given, it is +ignored. +.sp +To specify private key and certificate file which are given as +positional arguments in command\-line, use \fBprivate\-key\-file\fP and +\fBcertificate\-file\fP\&. +.sp +\fI\%\-\-conf\fP option cannot be used in the configuration file and +will be ignored if specified. +.TP +.B Error log +Error log is written to stderr by default. It can be configured +using \fI\%\-\-errorlog\-file\fP\&. The format of log message is as +follows: +.sp +<datetime> <main\-pid> <current\-pid> <thread\-id> <level> (<filename>:<line>) <msg> +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B <datetime> +It is a combination of date and time when the log is written. It +is in ISO 8601 format. +.TP +.B <main\-pid> +It is a main process ID. +.TP +.B <current\-pid> +It is a process ID which writes this log. +.TP +.B <thread\-id> +It is a thread ID which writes this log. It would be unique +within <current\-pid>. +.TP +.B <filename> and <line> +They are source file name, and line number which produce this log. +.TP +.B <msg> +It is a log message body. +.UNINDENT +.UNINDENT +.SH SIGNALS +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B SIGQUIT +Shutdown gracefully. First accept pending connections and stop +accepting connection. After all connections are handled, nghttpx +exits. +.TP +.B SIGHUP +Reload configuration file given in \fI\%\-\-conf\fP\&. +.TP +.B SIGUSR1 +Reopen log files. +.UNINDENT +.sp +SIGUSR2 +.INDENT 0.0 +.INDENT 3.5 +Fork and execute nghttpx. It will execute the binary in the same +path with same command\-line arguments and environment variables. As +of nghttpx version 1.20.0, the new main process sends SIGQUIT to the +original main process when it is ready to serve requests. For the +earlier versions of nghttpx, user has to send SIGQUIT to the +original main process. +.sp +The difference between SIGUSR2 (+ SIGQUIT) and SIGHUP is that former +is usually used to execute new binary, and the main process is newly +spawned. On the other hand, the latter just reloads configuration +file, and the same main process continues to exist. +.UNINDENT +.UNINDENT +.sp +\fBNOTE:\fP +.INDENT 0.0 +.INDENT 3.5 +nghttpx consists of multiple processes: one process for processing +these signals, and another one for processing requests. The former +spawns the latter. The former is called main process, and the +latter is called worker process. If neverbleed is enabled, the +worker process spawns neverbleed daemon process which does RSA key +processing. The above signal must be sent to the main process. If +the other processes received one of them, it is ignored. This +behaviour of these processes may change in the future release. In +other words, in the future release, the processes other than main +process may terminate upon the reception of these signals. +Therefore these signals should not be sent to the processes other +than main process. +.UNINDENT +.UNINDENT +.SH SERVER PUSH +.sp +nghttpx supports HTTP/2 server push in default mode with Link header +field. nghttpx looks for Link header field (\fI\%RFC 5988\fP) in response headers from +backend server and extracts URI\-reference with parameter +\fBrel=preload\fP (see \fI\%preload\fP) +and pushes those URIs to the frontend client. Here is a sample Link +header field to initiate server push: +.INDENT 0.0 +.INDENT 3.5 +.sp +.nf +.ft C +Link: </fonts/font.woff>; rel=preload +Link: </css/theme.css>; rel=preload +.ft P +.fi +.UNINDENT +.UNINDENT +.sp +Currently, the following restriction is applied for server push: +.INDENT 0.0 +.IP 1. 3 +The associated stream must have method "GET" or "POST". The +associated stream\(aqs status code must be 200. +.UNINDENT +.sp +This limitation may be loosened in the future release. +.sp +nghttpx also supports server push if both frontend and backend are +HTTP/2 in default mode. In this case, in addition to server push via +Link header field, server push from backend is forwarded to frontend +HTTP/2 session. +.sp +HTTP/2 server push will be disabled if \fI\%\-\-http2\-proxy\fP is +used. +.SH UNIX DOMAIN SOCKET +.sp +nghttpx supports UNIX domain socket with a filename for both frontend +and backend connections. +.sp +Please note that current nghttpx implementation does not delete a +socket with a filename. And on start up, if nghttpx detects that the +specified socket already exists in the file system, nghttpx first +deletes it. However, if SIGUSR2 is used to execute new binary and +both old and new configurations use same filename, new binary does not +delete the socket and continues to use it. +.SH OCSP STAPLING +.sp +OCSP query is done using external Python script +\fBfetch\-ocsp\-response\fP, which has been originally developed in Perl +as part of h2o project (\fI\%https://github.com/h2o/h2o\fP), and was +translated into Python. +.sp +The script file is usually installed under +\fB$(prefix)/share/nghttp2/\fP directory. The actual path to script can +be customized using \fI\%\-\-fetch\-ocsp\-response\-file\fP option. +.sp +If OCSP query is failed, previous OCSP response, if any, is continued +to be used. +.sp +\fI\%\-\-fetch\-ocsp\-response\-file\fP option provides wide range of +possibility to manage OCSP response. It can take an arbitrary script +or executable. The requirement is that it supports the command\-line +interface of \fBfetch\-ocsp\-response\fP script, and it must return a +valid DER encoded OCSP response on success. It must return exit code +0 on success, and 75 for temporary error, and the other error code for +generic failure. For large cluster of servers, it is not efficient +for each server to perform OCSP query using \fBfetch\-ocsp\-response\fP\&. +Instead, you can retrieve OCSP response in some way, and store it in a +disk or a shared database. Then specify a program in +\fI\%\-\-fetch\-ocsp\-response\-file\fP to fetch it from those stores. +This could provide a way to share the OCSP response between fleet of +servers, and also any OCSP query strategy can be applied which may be +beyond the ability of nghttpx itself or \fBfetch\-ocsp\-response\fP +script. +.SH TLS SESSION RESUMPTION +.sp +nghttpx supports TLS session resumption through both session ID and +session ticket. +.SS SESSION ID RESUMPTION +.sp +By default, session ID is shared by all worker threads. +.sp +If \fI\%\-\-tls\-session\-cache\-memcached\fP is given, nghttpx will +insert serialized session data to memcached with +\fBnghttpx:tls\-session\-cache:\fP + lowercase hex string of session ID +as a memcached entry key, with expiry time 12 hours. Session timeout +is set to 12 hours. +.sp +By default, connections to memcached server are not encrypted. To +enable encryption, use \fBtls\fP keyword in +\fI\%\-\-tls\-session\-cache\-memcached\fP option. +.SS TLS SESSION TICKET RESUMPTION +.sp +By default, session ticket is shared by all worker threads. The +automatic key rotation is also enabled by default. Every an hour, new +encryption key is generated, and previous encryption key becomes +decryption only key. We set session timeout to 12 hours, and thus we +keep at most 12 keys. +.sp +If \fI\%\-\-tls\-ticket\-key\-memcached\fP is given, encryption keys are +retrieved from memcached. nghttpx just reads keys from memcached; one +has to deploy key generator program to update keys frequently (e.g., +every 1 hour). The example key generator tlsticketupdate.go is +available under contrib directory in nghttp2 archive. The memcached +entry key is \fBnghttpx:tls\-ticket\-key\fP\&. The data format stored in +memcached is the binary format described below: +.INDENT 0.0 +.INDENT 3.5 +.sp +.nf +.ft C ++\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-+\-\-\-\-\-\-\-+\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-+ +| VERSION (4) |LEN (2)|KEY(48 or 80) ... ++\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-+\-\-\-\-\-\-\-+\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-+ + ^ | + | | + +\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-+ + (LEN, KEY) pair can be repeated +.ft P +.fi +.UNINDENT +.UNINDENT +.sp +All numbers in the above figure is bytes. All integer fields are +network byte order. +.sp +First 4 bytes integer VERSION field, which must be 1. The 2 bytes +integer LEN field gives the length of following KEY field, which +contains key. If \fI\%\-\-tls\-ticket\-key\-cipher\fP=aes\-128\-cbc is +used, LEN must be 48. If +\fI\%\-\-tls\-ticket\-key\-cipher\fP=aes\-256\-cbc is used, LEN must be +80. LEN and KEY pair can be repeated multiple times to store multiple +keys. The key appeared first is used as encryption key. All the +remaining keys are used as decryption only. +.sp +By default, connections to memcached server are not encrypted. To +enable encryption, use \fBtls\fP keyword in +\fI\%\-\-tls\-ticket\-key\-memcached\fP option. +.sp +If \fI\%\-\-tls\-ticket\-key\-file\fP is given, encryption key is read +from the given file. In this case, nghttpx does not rotate key +automatically. To rotate key, one has to restart nghttpx (see +SIGNALS). +.SH CERTIFICATE TRANSPARENCY +.sp +nghttpx supports TLS \fBsigned_certificate_timestamp\fP extension (\fI\%RFC +6962\fP). The relevant options +are \fI\%\-\-tls\-sct\-dir\fP and \fBsct\-dir\fP parameter in +\fI\%\-\-subcert\fP\&. They takes a directory, and nghttpx reads all +files whose extension is \fB\&.sct\fP under the directory. The \fB*.sct\fP +files are encoded as \fBSignedCertificateTimestamp\fP struct described +in \fI\%section 3.2 of RFC 69662\fP\&. This format is +the same one used by \fI\%nginx\-ct\fP and \fI\%mod_ssl_ct\fP\&. +\fI\%ct\-submit\fP can be +used to submit certificates to log servers, and obtain the +\fBSignedCertificateTimestamp\fP struct which can be used with nghttpx. +.SH MRUBY SCRIPTING +.sp +\fBWARNING:\fP +.INDENT 0.0 +.INDENT 3.5 +The current mruby extension API is experimental and not frozen. The +API is subject to change in the future release. +.UNINDENT +.UNINDENT +.sp +\fBWARNING:\fP +.INDENT 0.0 +.INDENT 3.5 +Almost all string value returned from method, or attribute is a +fresh new mruby string, which involves memory allocation, and +copies. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to store a return +value in a local variable, and use it, instead of calling method or +accessing attribute repeatedly. +.UNINDENT +.UNINDENT +.sp +nghttpx allows users to extend its capability using mruby scripts. +nghttpx has 2 hook points to execute mruby script: request phase and +response phase. The request phase hook is invoked after all request +header fields are received from client. The response phase hook is +invoked after all response header fields are received from backend +server. These hooks allows users to modify header fields, or common +HTTP variables, like authority or request path, and even return custom +response without forwarding request to backend servers. +.sp +There are 2 levels of mruby script invocations: global and +per\-pattern. The global mruby script is set by \fI\%\-\-mruby\-file\fP +option and is called for all requests. The per\-pattern mruby script +is set by "mruby" parameter in \fI\%\-b\fP option. It is invoked for +a request which matches the particular pattern. The order of hook +invocation is: global request phase hook, per\-pattern request phase +hook, per\-pattern response phase hook, and finally global response +phase hook. If a hook returns a response, any later hooks are not +invoked. The global request hook is invoked before the pattern +matching is made and changing request path may affect the pattern +matching. +.sp +Please note that request and response hooks of per\-pattern mruby +script for a single request might not come from the same script. This +might happen after a request hook is executed, backend failed for some +reason, and at the same time, backend configuration is replaced by API +request, and then the request uses new configuration on retry. The +response hook from new configuration, if it is specified, will be +invoked. +.sp +The all mruby script will be evaluated once per thread on startup, and +it must instantiate object and evaluate it as the return value (e.g., +\fBApp.new\fP). This object is called app object. If app object +defines \fBon_req\fP method, it is called with \fI\%Nghttpx::Env\fP +object on request hook. Similarly, if app object defines \fBon_resp\fP +method, it is called with \fI\%Nghttpx::Env\fP object on response +hook. For each method invocation, user can can access +\fI\%Nghttpx::Request\fP and \fI\%Nghttpx::Response\fP objects +via \fI\%Nghttpx::Env#req\fP and \fI\%Nghttpx::Env#resp\fP +respectively. +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B Nghttpx::REQUEST_PHASE +Constant to represent request phase. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B Nghttpx::RESPONSE_PHASE +Constant to represent response phase. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B class Nghttpx::Env +Object to represent current request specific context. +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B attribute [R] req +Return \fI\%Request\fP object. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B attribute [R] resp +Return \fI\%Response\fP object. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B attribute [R] ctx +Return Ruby hash object. It persists until request finishes. +So values set in request phase hook can be retrieved in +response phase hook. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B attribute [R] phase +Return the current phase. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B attribute [R] remote_addr +Return IP address of a remote client. If connection is made +via UNIX domain socket, this returns the string "localhost". +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B attribute [R] server_addr +Return address of server that accepted the connection. This +is a string which specified in \fI\%\-\-frontend\fP option, +excluding port number, and not a resolved IP address. For +UNIX domain socket, this is a path to UNIX domain socket. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B attribute [R] server_port +Return port number of the server frontend which accepted the +connection from client. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B attribute [R] tls_used +Return true if TLS is used on the connection. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B attribute [R] tls_sni +Return the TLS SNI value which client sent in this connection. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B attribute [R] tls_client_fingerprint_sha256 +Return the SHA\-256 fingerprint of a client certificate. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B attribute [R] tls_client_fingerprint_sha1 +Return the SHA\-1 fingerprint of a client certificate. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B attribute [R] tls_client_issuer_name +Return the issuer name of a client certificate. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B attribute [R] tls_client_subject_name +Return the subject name of a client certificate. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B attribute [R] tls_client_serial +Return the serial number of a client certificate. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B attribute [R] tls_client_not_before +Return the start date of a client certificate in seconds since +the epoch. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B attribute [R] tls_client_not_after +Return the end date of a client certificate in seconds since +the epoch. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B attribute [R] tls_cipher +Return a TLS cipher negotiated in this connection. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B attribute [R] tls_protocol +Return a TLS protocol version negotiated in this connection. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B attribute [R] tls_session_id +Return a session ID for this connection in hex string. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B attribute [R] tls_session_reused +Return true if, and only if a SSL/TLS session is reused. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B attribute [R] alpn +Return ALPN identifier negotiated in this connection. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B attribute [R] tls_handshake_finished +Return true if SSL/TLS handshake has finished. If it returns +false in the request phase hook, the request is received in +TLSv1.3 early data (0\-RTT) and might be vulnerable to the +replay attack. nghttpx will send Early\-Data header field to +backend servers to indicate this. +.UNINDENT +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B class Nghttpx::Request +Object to represent request from client. The modification to +Request object is allowed only in request phase hook. +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B attribute [R] http_version_major +Return HTTP major version. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B attribute [R] http_version_minor +Return HTTP minor version. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B attribute [R/W] method +HTTP method. On assignment, copy of given value is assigned. +We don\(aqt accept arbitrary method name. We will document them +later, but well known methods, like GET, PUT and POST, are all +supported. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B attribute [R/W] authority +Authority (i.e., example.org), including optional port +component . On assignment, copy of given value is assigned. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B attribute [R/W] scheme +Scheme (i.e., http, https). On assignment, copy of given +value is assigned. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B attribute [R/W] path +Request path, including query component (i.e., /index.html). +On assignment, copy of given value is assigned. The path does +not include authority component of URI. This may include +query component. nghttpx makes certain normalization for +path. It decodes percent\-encoding for unreserved characters +(see \fI\%https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section\-2.3\fP), and +resolves ".." and ".". But it may leave characters which +should be percent\-encoded as is. So be careful when comparing +path against desired string. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B attribute [R] headers +Return Ruby hash containing copy of request header fields. +Changing values in returned hash does not change request +header fields actually used in request processing. Use +\fI\%Nghttpx::Request#add_header\fP or +\fI\%Nghttpx::Request#set_header\fP to change request +header fields. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B add_header(key, value) +Add header entry associated with key. The value can be single +string or array of string. It does not replace any existing +values associated with key. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B set_header(key, value) +Set header entry associated with key. The value can be single +string or array of string. It replaces any existing values +associated with key. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B clear_headers() +Clear all existing request header fields. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B push(uri) +Initiate to push resource identified by \fIuri\fP\&. Only HTTP/2 +protocol supports this feature. For the other protocols, this +method is noop. \fIuri\fP can be absolute URI, absolute path or +relative path to the current request. For absolute or +relative path, scheme and authority are inherited from the +current request. Currently, method is always GET. nghttpx +will issue request to backend servers to fulfill this request. +The request and response phase hooks will be called for pushed +resource as well. +.UNINDENT +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B class Nghttpx::Response +Object to represent response from backend server. +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B attribute [R] http_version_major +Return HTTP major version. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B attribute [R] http_version_minor +Return HTTP minor version. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B attribute [R/W] status +HTTP status code. It must be in the range [200, 999], +inclusive. The non\-final status code is not supported in +mruby scripting at the moment. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B attribute [R] headers +Return Ruby hash containing copy of response header fields. +Changing values in returned hash does not change response +header fields actually used in response processing. Use +\fI\%Nghttpx::Response#add_header\fP or +\fI\%Nghttpx::Response#set_header\fP to change response +header fields. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B add_header(key, value) +Add header entry associated with key. The value can be single +string or array of string. It does not replace any existing +values associated with key. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B set_header(key, value) +Set header entry associated with key. The value can be single +string or array of string. It replaces any existing values +associated with key. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B clear_headers() +Clear all existing response header fields. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B return(body) +Return custom response \fIbody\fP to a client. When this method +is called in request phase hook, the request is not forwarded +to the backend, and response phase hook for this request will +not be invoked. When this method is called in response phase +hook, response from backend server is canceled and discarded. +The status code and response header fields should be set +before using this method. To set status code, use +\fI\%Nghttpx::Response#status\fP\&. If status code is not +set, 200 is used. To set response header fields, +\fI\%Nghttpx::Response#add_header\fP and +\fI\%Nghttpx::Response#set_header\fP\&. When this method is +invoked in response phase hook, the response headers are +filled with the ones received from backend server. To send +completely custom header fields, first call +\fI\%Nghttpx::Response#clear_headers\fP to erase all +existing header fields, and then add required header fields. +It is an error to call this method twice for a given request. +.UNINDENT +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B send_info(status, headers) +Send non\-final (informational) response to a client. \fIstatus\fP +must be in the range [100, 199], inclusive. \fIheaders\fP is a +hash containing response header fields. Its key must be a +string, and the associated value must be either string or +array of strings. Since this is not a final response, even if +this method is invoked, request is still forwarded to a +backend unless \fI\%Nghttpx::Response#return\fP is called. +This method can be called multiple times. It cannot be called +after \fI\%Nghttpx::Response#return\fP is called. +.UNINDENT +.UNINDENT +.SS MRUBY EXAMPLES +.sp +Modify request path: +.INDENT 0.0 +.INDENT 3.5 +.sp +.nf +.ft C +class App + def on_req(env) + env.req.path = "/apps#{env.req.path}" + end +end + +App.new +.ft P +.fi +.UNINDENT +.UNINDENT +.sp +Don\(aqt forget to instantiate and evaluate object at the last line. +.sp +Restrict permission of viewing a content to a specific client +addresses: +.INDENT 0.0 +.INDENT 3.5 +.sp +.nf +.ft C +class App + def on_req(env) + allowed_clients = ["127.0.0.1", "::1"] + + if env.req.path.start_with?("/log/") && + !allowed_clients.include?(env.remote_addr) then + env.resp.status = 404 + env.resp.return "permission denied" + end + end +end + +App.new +.ft P +.fi +.UNINDENT +.UNINDENT +.SH API ENDPOINTS +.sp +nghttpx exposes API endpoints to manipulate it via HTTP based API. By +default, API endpoint is disabled. To enable it, add a dedicated +frontend for API using \fI\%\-\-frontend\fP option with "api" +parameter. All requests which come from this frontend address, will +be treated as API request. +.sp +The response is normally JSON dictionary, and at least includes the +following keys: +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B status +The status of the request processing. The following values are +defined: +.INDENT 7.0 +.TP +.B Success +The request was successful. +.TP +.B Failure +The request was failed. No change has been made. +.UNINDENT +.TP +.B code +HTTP status code +.UNINDENT +.sp +Additionally, depending on the API endpoint, \fBdata\fP key may be +present, and its value contains the API endpoint specific data. +.sp +We wrote "normally", since nghttpx may return ordinal HTML response in +some cases where the error has occurred before reaching API endpoint +(e.g., header field is too large). +.sp +The following section describes available API endpoints. +.SS POST /api/v1beta1/backendconfig +.sp +This API replaces the current backend server settings with the +requested ones. The request method should be POST, but PUT is also +acceptable. The request body must be nghttpx configuration file +format. For configuration file format, see \fI\%FILES\fP section. The +line separator inside the request body must be single LF (0x0A). +Currently, only \fI\%backend\fP option is parsed, the +others are simply ignored. The semantics of this API is replace the +current backend with the backend options in request body. Describe +the desired set of backend severs, and nghttpx makes it happen. If +there is no \fI\%backend\fP option is found in request +body, the current set of backend is replaced with the \fI\%backend\fP option\(aqs default value, which is \fB127.0.0.1,80\fP\&. +.sp +The replacement is done instantly without breaking existing +connections or requests. It also avoids any process creation as is +the case with hot swapping with signals. +.sp +The one limitation is that only numeric IP address is allowed in +\fI\%backend\fP in request body unless "dns" parameter +is used while non numeric hostname is allowed in command\-line or +configuration file is read using \fI\%\-\-conf\fP\&. +.SS GET /api/v1beta1/configrevision +.sp +This API returns configuration revision of the current nghttpx. The +configuration revision is opaque string, and it changes after each +reloading by SIGHUP. With this API, an external application knows +that whether nghttpx has finished reloading its configuration by +comparing the configuration revisions between before and after +reloading. It is recommended to disable persistent (keep\-alive) +connection for this purpose in order to avoid to send a request using +the reused connection which may bound to an old process. +.sp +This API returns response including \fBdata\fP key. Its value is JSON +object, and it contains at least the following key: +.INDENT 0.0 +.TP +.B configRevision +The configuration revision of the current nghttpx +.UNINDENT +.SH SEE ALSO +.sp +\fBnghttp(1)\fP, \fBnghttpd(1)\fP, \fBh2load(1)\fP +.SH AUTHOR +Tatsuhiro Tsujikawa +.SH COPYRIGHT +2012, 2015, 2016, Tatsuhiro Tsujikawa +.\" Generated by docutils manpage writer. +. |