#!/usr/bin/perl -w # SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021-2022 Ole Tange, http://ole.tange.dk and Free Software and Foundation, Inc. # SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.3-or-later # SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-SA-4.0 =encoding utf8 =head1 NAME env_parallel - export environment to GNU parallel =head1 SYNOPSIS B [--record-env|--session|--end-session] [options for GNU Parallel] =head1 DESCRIPTION B is a shell function that exports the current environment to GNU B. If the shell function is not loaded, a dummy script will be run instead that explains how to install the function. B is 100 ms slower at startup than pure GNU B, and takes up to 30% longer to start a job (typically 15 ms). Due to the problem with environment space (see below) the recommended usage is either: # Do --record-env into $PARALLEL_IGNORED_NAMES env_parallel --session # Define whatever you want to use myfunc() { myalias and functions $myvar work. $1.; } alias myalias='echo Aliases' myvar='and variables' # env_parallel will not export names in $PARALLEL_IGNORED_NAMES env_parallel -S localhost myfunc ::: Hooray Or: # Record the "clean" environment (this only needs to be run once) env_parallel --record-env # Optionally edit ~/.parallel/ignored_vars (only needed once) # Define whatever you want to use myfunc() { myalias and functions $myvar work. $1.; } alias myalias='echo Aliases' myvar='and variables' # Use --env _ to only transfer the names not in the "empty" environment env_parallel --env _ -S localhost myfunc ::: Hooray In B B<--session> is not supported: # Record the "clean" environment - this only needs to be run once env_parallel --record-env # Optionally edit ~/.parallel/ignored_vars - only needed once # Define whatever you want to use alias myalias 'echo Aliases $myvar \!*.' set myvar='and variables' # Use --env _ to only transfer the names not in the "empty" environment env_parallel --env _ -S localhost myalias ::: work =head2 Environment space By default B will export all environment variables, arrays, aliases, functions and shell options (see details for the individual shells below). But this only works if the size of the current environment is smaller than the maximal length of a command and smaller than half of the max if running remotely. E.g. The max size of Bash's command is 128 KB, so B will fail if 'B' is bigger than 128 KB. Technically the limit is in execve(1) which IPC::open3 uses. Bash completion functions are well-known for taking up well over 128 KB of environment space and the primary reason for causing B to fail. Instead you can use B<--env> to specify which variables, arrays, aliases and functions to export as this will only export those with the given name. Or follow the recommended usage in shown in DESCRIPTION. =head1 OPTIONS Same as GNU B in addition to these: =over 4 =item B<--end-session> Undo last B<--session> =item B<--record-env> Record all names currently defined to be ignored every time running B in the future. =item B<--session> Ignore all names currently defined. Aliases, variables, arrays, and functions currently defined will not be transferred. But names defined I running B I be transferred. This is only valid in the running shell, and can be undone with B. You can run multiple B<--session> inside each other: env_parallel --session var=not # var is transferred env_parallel -Slocalhost 'echo var is $var' ::: ignored env_parallel --session # var is not transferred env_parallel -Slocalhost 'echo var is $var' ::: ignored env_parallel --end-session # var is transferred again env_parallel -Slocalhost 'echo var is $var' ::: ignored =back =head1 SUPPORTED SHELLS =head2 Ash =head3 Installation Put this in $HOME/.profile: . `which env_parallel.ash` E.g. by doing: echo '. `which env_parallel.ash`' >> $HOME/.profile =head3 Supported use B<--env> is supported to export only the variable, or alias with the given name. Multiple B<--env>s can be given. B<--session> is supported. =over 8 =item aliases alias myecho='echo aliases' env_parallel myecho ::: work env_parallel -S server myecho ::: work env_parallel --env myecho myecho ::: work env_parallel --env myecho -S server myecho ::: work alias multiline='echo multiline echo aliases' env_parallel multiline ::: work env_parallel -S server multiline ::: work env_parallel --env multiline multiline ::: work env_parallel --env multiline -S server multiline ::: work =item functions ash cannot list defined functions - thus is not supported. =item variables myvar=variables env_parallel echo '$myvar' ::: work env_parallel -S server echo '$myvar' ::: work env_parallel --env myvar echo '$myvar' ::: work env_parallel --env myvar -S server echo '$myvar' ::: work =item arrays Arrays are not supported by Ash. =back =head2 Bash =head3 Installation Put this in $HOME/.bashrc: . `which env_parallel.bash` E.g. by doing: echo '. `which env_parallel.bash`' >> $HOME/.bashrc =head3 Supported use B<--env> is supported to export only the variable, alias, function, or array with the given name. Multiple B<--env>s can be given. B<--session> is supported. =over 8 =item aliases alias myecho='echo aliases' env_parallel myecho ::: work env_parallel -S server myecho ::: work env_parallel --env myecho myecho ::: work env_parallel --env myecho -S server myecho ::: work alias multiline='echo multiline echo aliases' env_parallel 'multiline {}; echo but only when followed by a newline' ::: work env_parallel -S server 'multiline {}; echo but only when followed by a newline' ::: work env_parallel --env multiline 'multiline {}; echo but only when followed by a newline' ::: work env_parallel --env multiline -S server 'multiline {}; echo but only when followed by a newline' ::: work =item functions myfunc() { echo functions $*; } env_parallel myfunc ::: work env_parallel -S server myfunc ::: work env_parallel --env myfunc myfunc ::: work env_parallel --env myfunc -S server myfunc ::: work =item variables myvar=variables env_parallel echo '$myvar' ::: work env_parallel -S server echo '$myvar' ::: work env_parallel --env myvar echo '$myvar' ::: work env_parallel --env myvar -S server echo '$myvar' ::: work =item arrays myarray=(arrays work, too) env_parallel -k echo '${myarray[{}]}' ::: 0 1 2 env_parallel -k -S server echo '${myarray[{}]}' ::: 0 1 2 env_parallel -k --env myarray echo '${myarray[{}]}' ::: 0 1 2 env_parallel -k --env myarray -S server \ echo '${myarray[{}]}' ::: 0 1 2 =back =head3 BUGS Due to a bug in Bash, aliases containing newlines must be followed by a newline in the command. Some systems are not affected by this bug, but will print a warning anyway. =head2 csh B for B breaks B<$PARALLEL>, so do not use B<$PARALLEL>. =head3 Installation Put this in $HOME/.cshrc: source `which env_parallel.csh` E.g. by doing: echo 'source `which env_parallel.csh`' >> $HOME/.cshrc =head3 Supported use B<--env> is supported to export only the variable, alias, or array with the given name. Multiple B<--env>s can be given. =over 8 =item aliases alias myecho 'echo aliases' env_parallel myecho ::: work env_parallel -S server myecho ::: work env_parallel --env myecho myecho ::: work env_parallel --env myecho -S server myecho ::: work =item functions Not supported by B. =item variables set myvar=variables env_parallel echo '$myvar' ::: work env_parallel -S server echo '$myvar' ::: work env_parallel --env myvar echo '$myvar' ::: work env_parallel --env myvar -S server echo '$myvar' ::: work =item arrays with no special chars set myarray=(arrays work, too) env_parallel -k echo \$'{myarray[{}]}' ::: 1 2 3 env_parallel -k -S server echo \$'{myarray[{}]}' ::: 1 2 3 env_parallel -k --env myarray echo \$'{myarray[{}]}' ::: 1 2 3 env_parallel -k --env myarray -S server \ echo \$'{myarray[{}]}' ::: 1 2 3 =back =head2 Dash =head3 Installation Put this in $HOME/.profile: . `which env_parallel.dash` E.g. by doing: echo '. `which env_parallel.dash`' >> $HOME/.profile =head3 Supported use B<--env> is supported to export only the variable, or alias with the given name. Multiple B<--env>s can be given. B<--session> is supported. =over 8 =item aliases alias myecho='echo aliases' env_parallel myecho ::: work env_parallel -S server myecho ::: work env_parallel --env myecho myecho ::: work env_parallel --env myecho -S server myecho ::: work alias multiline='echo multiline echo aliases' env_parallel multiline ::: work env_parallel -S server multiline ::: work env_parallel --env multiline multiline ::: work env_parallel --env multiline -S server multiline ::: work =item functions dash cannot list defined functions - thus is not supported. =item variables myvar=variables env_parallel echo '$myvar' ::: work env_parallel -S server echo '$myvar' ::: work env_parallel --env myvar echo '$myvar' ::: work env_parallel --env myvar -S server echo '$myvar' ::: work =item arrays dash does not support arrays. =back =head2 fish =head3 Installation Put this in $HOME/.config/fish/config.fish: source (which env_parallel.fish) E.g. by doing: echo 'source (which env_parallel.fish)' \ >> $HOME/.config/fish/config.fish =head3 Supported use B<--env> is supported to export only the variable, alias, function, or array with the given name. Multiple B<--env>s can be given. B<--session> is supported. =over 8 =item aliases alias myecho 'echo aliases' env_parallel myecho ::: work env_parallel -S server myecho ::: work env_parallel --env myecho myecho ::: work env_parallel --env myecho -S server myecho ::: work =item functions function myfunc echo functions $argv end env_parallel myfunc ::: work env_parallel -S server myfunc ::: work env_parallel --env myfunc myfunc ::: work env_parallel --env myfunc -S server myfunc ::: work =item variables set myvar variables env_parallel echo '$myvar' ::: work env_parallel -S server echo '$myvar' ::: work env_parallel --env myvar echo '$myvar' ::: work env_parallel --env myvar -S server echo '$myvar' ::: work =item arrays set myarray arrays work, too env_parallel -k echo '$myarray[{}]' ::: 1 2 3 env_parallel -k -S server echo '$myarray[{}]' ::: 1 2 3 env_parallel -k --env myarray echo '$myarray[{}]' ::: 1 2 3 env_parallel -k --env myarray -S server \ echo '$myarray[{}]' ::: 1 2 3 =back =head2 ksh =head3 Installation Put this in $HOME/.kshrc: source `which env_parallel.ksh` E.g. by doing: echo 'source `which env_parallel.ksh`' >> $HOME/.kshrc =head3 Supported use B<--env> is supported to export only the variable, alias, function, or array with the given name. Multiple B<--env>s can be given. B<--session> is supported. =over 8 =item aliases alias myecho='echo aliases' env_parallel myecho ::: work env_parallel -S server myecho ::: work env_parallel --env myecho myecho ::: work env_parallel --env myecho -S server myecho ::: work alias multiline='echo multiline echo aliases' env_parallel multiline ::: work env_parallel -S server multiline ::: work env_parallel --env multiline multiline ::: work env_parallel --env multiline -S server multiline ::: work =item functions myfunc() { echo functions $*; } env_parallel myfunc ::: work env_parallel -S server myfunc ::: work env_parallel --env myfunc myfunc ::: work env_parallel --env myfunc -S server myfunc ::: work =item variables myvar=variables env_parallel echo '$myvar' ::: work env_parallel -S server echo '$myvar' ::: work env_parallel --env myvar echo '$myvar' ::: work env_parallel --env myvar -S server echo '$myvar' ::: work =item arrays myarray=(arrays work, too) env_parallel -k echo '${myarray[{}]}' ::: 0 1 2 env_parallel -k -S server echo '${myarray[{}]}' ::: 0 1 2 env_parallel -k --env myarray echo '${myarray[{}]}' ::: 0 1 2 env_parallel -k --env myarray -S server \ echo '${myarray[{}]}' ::: 0 1 2 =back =head2 mksh =head3 Installation Put this in $HOME/.mkshrc: source `which env_parallel.mksh` E.g. by doing: echo 'source `which env_parallel.mksh`' >> $HOME/.mkshrc =head3 Supported use B<--env> is supported to export only the variable, alias, function, or array with the given name. Multiple B<--env>s can be given. B<--session> is supported. =over 8 =item aliases alias myecho='echo aliases' env_parallel myecho ::: work env_parallel -S server myecho ::: work env_parallel --env myecho myecho ::: work env_parallel --env myecho -S server myecho ::: work alias multiline='echo multiline echo aliases' env_parallel multiline ::: work env_parallel -S server multiline ::: work env_parallel --env multiline multiline ::: work env_parallel --env multiline -S server multiline ::: work =item functions myfunc() { echo functions $*; } env_parallel myfunc ::: work env_parallel -S server myfunc ::: work env_parallel --env myfunc myfunc ::: work env_parallel --env myfunc -S server myfunc ::: work =item variables myvar=variables env_parallel echo '$myvar' ::: work env_parallel -S server echo '$myvar' ::: work env_parallel --env myvar echo '$myvar' ::: work env_parallel --env myvar -S server echo '$myvar' ::: work =item arrays myarray=(arrays work, too) env_parallel -k echo '${myarray[{}]}' ::: 0 1 2 env_parallel -k -S server echo '${myarray[{}]}' ::: 0 1 2 env_parallel -k --env myarray echo '${myarray[{}]}' ::: 0 1 2 env_parallel -k --env myarray -S server \ echo '${myarray[{}]}' ::: 0 1 2 =back =head2 pdksh =head3 Installation Put this in $HOME/.profile: source `which env_parallel.pdksh` E.g. by doing: echo 'source `which env_parallel.pdksh`' >> $HOME/.profile =head3 Supported use B<--env> is supported to export only the variable, alias, function, or array with the given name. Multiple B<--env>s can be given. B<--session> is supported. =over 8 =item aliases alias myecho="echo aliases"; env_parallel myecho ::: work; env_parallel -S server myecho ::: work; env_parallel --env myecho myecho ::: work; env_parallel --env myecho -S server myecho ::: work =item functions myfunc() { echo functions $*; }; env_parallel myfunc ::: work; env_parallel -S server myfunc ::: work; env_parallel --env myfunc myfunc ::: work; env_parallel --env myfunc -S server myfunc ::: work =item variables myvar=variables; env_parallel echo "\$myvar" ::: work; env_parallel -S server echo "\$myvar" ::: work; env_parallel --env myvar echo "\$myvar" ::: work; env_parallel --env myvar -S server echo "\$myvar" ::: work =item arrays myarray=(arrays work, too); env_parallel -k echo "\${myarray[{}]}" ::: 0 1 2; env_parallel -k -S server echo "\${myarray[{}]}" ::: 0 1 2; env_parallel -k --env myarray echo "\${myarray[{}]}" ::: 0 1 2; env_parallel -k --env myarray -S server \ echo "\${myarray[{}]}" ::: 0 1 2 =back =head2 sh =head3 Installation Put this in $HOME/.profile: . `which env_parallel.sh` E.g. by doing: echo '. `which env_parallel.sh`' >> $HOME/.profile =head3 Supported use B<--env> is supported to export only the variable, or alias with the given name. Multiple B<--env>s can be given. B<--session> is supported. =over 8 =item aliases sh does not support aliases. =item functions myfunc() { echo functions $*; } env_parallel myfunc ::: work env_parallel -S server myfunc ::: work env_parallel --env myfunc myfunc ::: work env_parallel --env myfunc -S server myfunc ::: work =item variables myvar=variables env_parallel echo '$myvar' ::: work env_parallel -S server echo '$myvar' ::: work env_parallel --env myvar echo '$myvar' ::: work env_parallel --env myvar -S server echo '$myvar' ::: work =item arrays sh does not support arrays. =back =head2 tcsh B for B breaks B<$PARALLEL>, so do not use B<$PARALLEL>. =head3 Installation Put this in $HOME/.tcshrc: source `which env_parallel.tcsh` E.g. by doing: echo 'source `which env_parallel.tcsh`' >> $HOME/.tcshrc =head3 Supported use B<--env> is supported to export only the variable, alias, or array with the given name. Multiple B<--env>s can be given. =over 8 =item aliases alias myecho 'echo aliases' env_parallel myecho ::: work env_parallel -S server myecho ::: work env_parallel --env myecho myecho ::: work env_parallel --env myecho -S server myecho ::: work =item functions Not supported by B. =item variables set myvar=variables env_parallel echo '$myvar' ::: work env_parallel -S server echo '$myvar' ::: work env_parallel --env myvar echo '$myvar' ::: work env_parallel --env myvar -S server echo '$myvar' ::: work =item arrays with no special chars set myarray=(arrays work, too) env_parallel -k echo \$'{myarray[{}]}' ::: 1 2 3 env_parallel -k -S server echo \$'{myarray[{}]}' ::: 1 2 3 env_parallel -k --env myarray echo \$'{myarray[{}]}' ::: 1 2 3 env_parallel -k --env myarray -S server \ echo \$'{myarray[{}]}' ::: 1 2 3 =back =head2 Zsh =head3 Installation Put this in $HOME/.zshrc: . `which env_parallel.zsh` E.g. by doing: echo '. `which env_parallel.zsh`' >> $HOME/.zshenv =head3 Supported use B<--env> is supported to export only the variable, alias, function, or array with the given name. Multiple B<--env>s can be given. B<--session> is supported. =over 8 =item aliases alias myecho='echo aliases' env_parallel myecho ::: work env_parallel -S server myecho ::: work env_parallel --env myecho myecho ::: work env_parallel --env myecho -S server myecho ::: work alias multiline='echo multiline echo aliases' env_parallel multiline ::: work env_parallel -S server multiline ::: work env_parallel --env multiline multiline ::: work env_parallel --env multiline -S server multiline ::: work =item functions myfunc() { echo functions $*; } env_parallel myfunc ::: work env_parallel -S server myfunc ::: work env_parallel --env myfunc myfunc ::: work env_parallel --env myfunc -S server myfunc ::: work =item variables myvar=variables env_parallel echo '$myvar' ::: work env_parallel -S server echo '$myvar' ::: work env_parallel --env myvar echo '$myvar' ::: work env_parallel --env myvar -S server echo '$myvar' ::: work =item arrays myarray=(arrays work, too) env_parallel -k echo '${myarray[{}]}' ::: 1 2 3 env_parallel -k -S server echo '${myarray[{}]}' ::: 1 2 3 env_parallel -k --env myarray echo '${myarray[{}]}' ::: 1 2 3 env_parallel -k --env myarray -S server \ echo '${myarray[{}]}' ::: 1 2 3 =back =head1 EXIT STATUS Same as GNU B. =head1 AUTHOR When using GNU B for a publication please cite: O. Tange (2018): GNU Parallel 2018, March 2018, ISBN 9781387509881, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1146014. This helps funding further development; and it won't cost you a cent. If you pay 10000 EUR you should feel free to use GNU Parallel without citing. Copyright (C) 2007-10-18 Ole Tange, http://ole.tange.dk Copyright (C) 2008-2010 Ole Tange, http://ole.tange.dk Copyright (C) 2010-2022 Ole Tange, http://ole.tange.dk and Free Software Foundation, Inc. =head1 LICENSE This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or at your option any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see . =head2 Documentation license I Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this documentation under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the file LICENSES/GFDL-1.3-or-later.txt. =head2 Documentation license II You are free: =over 9 =item B to copy, distribute and transmit the work =item B to adapt the work =back Under the following conditions: =over 9 =item B You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). =item B If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same, similar or a compatible license. =back With the understanding that: =over 9 =item B Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. =item B Where the work or any of its elements is in the public domain under applicable law, that status is in no way affected by the license. =item B In no way are any of the following rights affected by the license: =over 2 =item * Your fair dealing or fair use rights, or other applicable copyright exceptions and limitations; =item * The author's moral rights; =item * Rights other persons may have either in the work itself or in how the work is used, such as publicity or privacy rights. =back =back =over 9 =item B For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. =back A copy of the full license is included in the file as LICENCES/CC-BY-SA-4.0.txt =head1 DEPENDENCIES B uses GNU B. =head1 SEE ALSO B(1), B(1), B(1), B(1), B(1), B(1), B(1), B(1) B(1), B(1). =cut