Adding upstream version 13.4.upstream/13.4upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 844 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/contrib/citext/sql/citext.sql b/contrib/citext/sql/citext.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..261b73c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/citext/sql/citext.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,844 @@
+--
+--  Test citext datatype
+--
+
+CREATE EXTENSION citext;
+
+-- Check whether any of our opclasses fail amvalidate
+SELECT amname, opcname
+FROM pg_opclass opc LEFT JOIN pg_am am ON am.oid = opcmethod
+WHERE opc.oid >= 16384 AND NOT amvalidate(opc.oid);
+
+-- Test the operators and indexing functions
+
+-- Test = and <>.
+SELECT 'a'::citext = 'a'::citext AS t;
+SELECT 'a'::citext = 'A'::citext AS t;
+SELECT 'a'::citext = 'A'::text AS f;        -- text wins the discussion
+SELECT 'a'::citext = 'b'::citext AS f;
+SELECT 'a'::citext = 'ab'::citext AS f;
+SELECT 'a'::citext <> 'ab'::citext AS t;
+
+-- Multibyte sanity tests. Uncomment to run.
+-- SELECT 'À'::citext =  'À'::citext AS t;
+-- SELECT 'À'::citext =  'à'::citext AS t;
+-- SELECT 'À'::text   =  'à'::text   AS f; -- text wins.
+-- SELECT 'À'::citext <> 'B'::citext AS t;
+
+-- Test combining characters making up canonically equivalent strings.
+-- SELECT 'Ä'::text   <> 'Ä'::text   AS t;
+-- SELECT 'Ä'::citext <> 'Ä'::citext AS t;
+
+-- Test the Turkish dotted I. The lowercase is a single byte while the
+-- uppercase is multibyte. This is why the comparison code can't be optimized
+-- to compare string lengths.
+-- SELECT 'i'::citext = 'İ'::citext AS t;
+
+-- Regression.
+-- SELECT 'láska'::citext <> 'laská'::citext AS t;
+
+-- SELECT 'Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext = 'Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext AS t;
+-- SELECT 'Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext = 'ASK BJØRN HANSEN'::citext AS t;
+-- SELECT 'Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext <> 'Ask Bjorn Hansen'::citext AS t;
+-- SELECT 'Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext <> 'ASK BJORN HANSEN'::citext AS t;
+-- SELECT citext_cmp('Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext, 'Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext) AS zero;
+-- SELECT citext_cmp('Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext, 'ask bjørn hansen'::citext) AS zero;
+-- SELECT citext_cmp('Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext, 'ASK BJØRN HANSEN'::citext) AS zero;
+-- SELECT citext_cmp('Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext, 'Ask Bjorn Hansen'::citext) AS positive;
+-- SELECT citext_cmp('Ask Bjorn Hansen'::citext, 'Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext) AS negative;
+
+-- Test > and >=
+SELECT 'B'::citext > 'a'::citext AS t;
+SELECT 'b'::citext >  'A'::citext AS t;
+SELECT 'B'::citext >  'b'::citext AS f;
+SELECT 'B'::citext >= 'b'::citext AS t;
+
+-- Test < and <=
+SELECT 'a'::citext <  'B'::citext AS t;
+SELECT 'a'::citext <= 'B'::citext AS t;
+
+-- Test implicit casting. citext casts to text, but not vice-versa.
+SELECT 'a'::citext = 'a'::text   AS t;
+SELECT 'A'::text  <> 'a'::citext AS t;
+
+SELECT 'B'::citext <  'a'::text AS t;  -- text wins.
+SELECT 'B'::citext <= 'a'::text AS t;  -- text wins.
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext >  'B'::text AS t;  -- text wins.
+SELECT 'a'::citext >= 'B'::text AS t;  -- text wins.
+
+-- Test implicit casting. citext casts to varchar, but not vice-versa.
+SELECT 'a'::citext = 'a'::varchar   AS t;
+SELECT 'A'::varchar  <> 'a'::citext AS t;
+
+SELECT 'B'::citext <  'a'::varchar AS t;  -- varchar wins.
+SELECT 'B'::citext <= 'a'::varchar AS t;  -- varchar wins.
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext >  'B'::varchar AS t;  -- varchar wins.
+SELECT 'a'::citext >= 'B'::varchar AS t;  -- varchar wins.
+
+-- A couple of longer examples to ensure that we don't get any issues with bad
+-- conversions to char[] in the c code. Yes, I did do this.
+
+SELECT 'aardvark'::citext = 'aardvark'::citext AS t;
+SELECT 'aardvark'::citext = 'aardVark'::citext AS t;
+
+-- Check the citext_cmp() function explicitly.
+SELECT citext_cmp('aardvark'::citext, 'aardvark'::citext) AS zero;
+SELECT citext_cmp('aardvark'::citext, 'aardVark'::citext) AS zero;
+SELECT citext_cmp('AARDVARK'::citext, 'AARDVARK'::citext) AS zero;
+SELECT citext_cmp('B'::citext, 'a'::citext) > 0 AS true;
+
+-- Check the citext_hash() and citext_hash_extended() function explicitly.
+SELECT v as value, citext_hash(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       citext_hash_extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       citext_hash_extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (NULL::citext), ('PostgreSQL'), ('eIpUEtqmY89'), ('AXKEJBTK'),
+       ('muop28x03'), ('yi3nm0d73')) x(v)
+WHERE  citext_hash(v)::bit(32) != citext_hash_extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR citext_hash(v)::bit(32) = citext_hash_extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+
+-- Do some tests using a table and index.
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE try (
+   name citext PRIMARY KEY
+);
+
+INSERT INTO try (name)
+VALUES ('a'), ('ab'), ('â'), ('aba'), ('b'), ('ba'), ('bab'), ('AZ');
+
+SELECT name, 'a' = name AS eq_a   FROM try WHERE name <> 'â';
+SELECT name, 'a' = name AS t      FROM try where name = 'a';
+SELECT name, 'A' = name AS "eq_A" FROM try WHERE name <> 'â';
+SELECT name, 'A' = name AS t      FROM try where name = 'A';
+SELECT name, 'A' = name AS t      FROM try where name = 'A';
+
+-- expected failures on duplicate key
+INSERT INTO try (name) VALUES ('a');
+INSERT INTO try (name) VALUES ('A');
+INSERT INTO try (name) VALUES ('aB');
+
+-- Make sure that citext_smaller() and citext_larger() work properly.
+SELECT citext_smaller( 'ab'::citext, 'ac'::citext ) = 'ab' AS t;
+SELECT citext_smaller( 'ABC'::citext, 'bbbb'::citext ) = 'ABC' AS t;
+SELECT citext_smaller( 'aardvark'::citext, 'Aaba'::citext ) = 'Aaba' AS t;
+SELECT citext_smaller( 'aardvark'::citext, 'AARDVARK'::citext ) = 'AARDVARK' AS t;
+
+SELECT citext_larger( 'ab'::citext, 'ac'::citext ) = 'ac' AS t;
+SELECT citext_larger( 'ABC'::citext, 'bbbb'::citext ) = 'bbbb' AS t;
+SELECT citext_larger( 'aardvark'::citext, 'Aaba'::citext ) = 'aardvark' AS t;
+
+-- Test aggregate functions and sort ordering
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE srt (
+   name CITEXT
+);
+
+INSERT INTO srt (name)
+VALUES ('abb'),
+       ('ABA'),
+       ('ABC'),
+       ('abd');
+
+CREATE INDEX srt_name ON srt (name);
+
+-- Check the min() and max() aggregates, with and without index.
+set enable_seqscan = off;
+SELECT MIN(name) AS "ABA" FROM srt;
+SELECT MAX(name) AS abd FROM srt;
+reset enable_seqscan;
+set enable_indexscan = off;
+SELECT MIN(name) AS "ABA" FROM srt;
+SELECT MAX(name) AS abd FROM srt;
+reset enable_indexscan;
+
+-- Check sorting likewise
+set enable_seqscan = off;
+SELECT name FROM srt ORDER BY name;
+reset enable_seqscan;
+set enable_indexscan = off;
+SELECT name FROM srt ORDER BY name;
+reset enable_indexscan;
+
+-- Test assignment casts.
+SELECT LOWER(name) as aba FROM srt WHERE name = 'ABA'::text;
+SELECT LOWER(name) as aba FROM srt WHERE name = 'ABA'::varchar;
+SELECT LOWER(name) as aba FROM srt WHERE name = 'ABA'::bpchar;
+SELECT LOWER(name) as aba FROM srt WHERE name = 'ABA';
+SELECT LOWER(name) as aba FROM srt WHERE name = 'ABA'::citext;
+
+-- LIKE should be case-insensitive
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name     LIKE '%a%' ORDER BY name;
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name NOT LIKE '%b%' ORDER BY name;
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name     LIKE '%A%' ORDER BY name;
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name NOT LIKE '%B%' ORDER BY name;
+
+-- ~~ should be case-insensitive
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name ~~  '%a%' ORDER BY name;
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name !~~ '%b%' ORDER BY name;
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name ~~  '%A%' ORDER BY name;
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name !~~ '%B%' ORDER BY name;
+
+-- ~ should be case-insensitive
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name ~  '^a' ORDER BY name;
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name !~ 'a$' ORDER BY name;
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name ~  '^A' ORDER BY name;
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name !~ 'A$' ORDER BY name;
+
+-- SIMILAR TO should be case-insensitive.
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name SIMILAR TO '%a.*';
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name SIMILAR TO '%A.*';
+
+-- Explicit casts.
+SELECT true::citext = 'true' AS t;
+SELECT 'true'::citext::boolean = true AS t;
+
+SELECT 4::citext = '4' AS t;
+SELECT 4::int4::citext = '4' AS t;
+SELECT '4'::citext::int4 = 4 AS t;
+SELECT 4::integer::citext = '4' AS t;
+SELECT '4'::citext::integer = 4 AS t;
+
+SELECT 4::int8::citext = '4' AS t;
+SELECT '4'::citext::int8 = 4 AS t;
+SELECT 4::bigint::citext = '4' AS t;
+SELECT '4'::citext::bigint = 4 AS t;
+
+SELECT 4::int2::citext = '4' AS t;
+SELECT '4'::citext::int2 = 4 AS t;
+SELECT 4::smallint::citext = '4' AS t;
+SELECT '4'::citext::smallint = 4 AS t;
+
+SELECT 4.0::numeric = '4.0' AS t;
+SELECT '4.0'::citext::numeric = 4.0 AS t;
+SELECT 4.0::decimal = '4.0' AS t;
+SELECT '4.0'::citext::decimal = 4.0 AS t;
+
+SELECT 4.0::real = '4.0' AS t;
+SELECT '4.0'::citext::real = 4.0 AS t;
+SELECT 4.0::float4 = '4.0' AS t;
+SELECT '4.0'::citext::float4 = 4.0 AS t;
+
+SELECT 4.0::double precision = '4.0' AS t;
+SELECT '4.0'::citext::double precision = 4.0 AS t;
+SELECT 4.0::float8 = '4.0' AS t;
+SELECT '4.0'::citext::float8 = 4.0 AS t;
+
+SELECT 'foo'::name::citext = 'foo' AS t;
+SELECT 'foo'::citext::name = 'foo'::name AS t;
+
+SELECT 'f'::char::citext = 'f' AS t;
+SELECT 'f'::citext::char = 'f'::char AS t;
+
+SELECT 'f'::"char"::citext = 'f' AS t;
+SELECT 'f'::citext::"char" = 'f'::"char" AS t;
+
+SELECT '100'::money::citext = '$100.00' AS t;
+SELECT '100'::citext::money = '100'::money AS t;
+
+SELECT 'a'::char::citext = 'a' AS t;
+SELECT 'a'::citext::char = 'a'::char AS t;
+
+SELECT 'foo'::varchar::citext = 'foo' AS t;
+SELECT 'foo'::citext::varchar = 'foo'::varchar AS t;
+
+SELECT 'foo'::text::citext = 'foo' AS t;
+SELECT 'foo'::citext::text = 'foo'::text AS t;
+
+SELECT '192.168.100.128/25'::cidr::citext = '192.168.100.128/25' AS t;
+SELECT '192.168.100.128/25'::citext::cidr = '192.168.100.128/25'::cidr AS t;
+
+SELECT '192.168.100.128'::inet::citext = '192.168.100.128/32' AS t;
+SELECT '192.168.100.128'::citext::inet = '192.168.100.128'::inet AS t;
+
+SELECT '08:00:2b:01:02:03'::macaddr::citext = '08:00:2b:01:02:03' AS t;
+SELECT '08:00:2b:01:02:03'::citext::macaddr = '08:00:2b:01:02:03'::macaddr AS t;
+
+SELECT '1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamp::citext = '1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamp::text AS t;
+SELECT '1999-01-08 04:05:06'::citext::timestamp = '1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamp AS t;
+SELECT '1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamptz::citext = '1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamptz::text AS t;
+SELECT '1999-01-08 04:05:06'::citext::timestamptz = '1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamptz AS t;
+
+SELECT '1 hour'::interval::citext = '1 hour'::interval::text AS t;
+SELECT '1 hour'::citext::interval = '1 hour'::interval AS t;
+
+SELECT '1999-01-08'::date::citext = '1999-01-08'::date::text AS t;
+SELECT '1999-01-08'::citext::date = '1999-01-08'::date AS t;
+
+SELECT '04:05:06'::time::citext = '04:05:06' AS t;
+SELECT '04:05:06'::citext::time = '04:05:06'::time AS t;
+SELECT '04:05:06'::timetz::citext = '04:05:06'::timetz::text AS t;
+SELECT '04:05:06'::citext::timetz = '04:05:06'::timetz AS t;
+
+SELECT '( 1 , 1)'::point::citext = '(1,1)' AS t;
+SELECT '( 1 , 1)'::citext::point ~= '(1,1)'::point AS t;
+SELECT '( 1 , 1 ) , ( 2 , 2 )'::lseg::citext = '[(1,1),(2,2)]' AS t;
+SELECT '( 1 , 1 ) , ( 2 , 2 )'::citext::lseg = '[(1,1),(2,2)]'::lseg AS t;
+SELECT '( 0 , 0 ) , ( 1 , 1 )'::box::citext = '(0,0),(1,1)'::box::text AS t;
+SELECT '( 0 , 0 ) , ( 1 , 1 )'::citext::box ~= '(0,0),(1,1)'::text::box AS t;
+
+SELECT '((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))'::path::citext = '((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))' AS t;
+SELECT '((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))'::citext::path = '((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))'::path AS t;
+
+SELECT '((0,0),(1,1))'::polygon::citext = '((0,0),(1,1))' AS t;
+SELECT '((0,0),(1,1))'::citext::polygon ~= '((0,0),(1,1))'::polygon AS t;
+
+SELECT '((0,0),2)'::circle::citext = '((0,0),2)'::circle::text AS t;
+SELECT '((0,0),2)'::citext::circle ~= '((0,0),2)'::text::circle AS t;
+
+SELECT '101'::bit::citext = '101'::bit::text AS t;
+SELECT '101'::citext::bit = '101'::text::bit AS t;
+SELECT '101'::bit varying::citext = '101'::bit varying::text AS t;
+SELECT '101'::citext::bit varying = '101'::text::bit varying AS t;
+SELECT 'a fat cat'::tsvector::citext = '''a'' ''cat'' ''fat''' AS t;
+SELECT 'a fat cat'::citext::tsvector = 'a fat cat'::tsvector AS t;
+SELECT 'fat & rat'::tsquery::citext = '''fat'' & ''rat''' AS t;
+SELECT 'fat & rat'::citext::tsquery = 'fat & rat'::tsquery AS t;
+SELECT 'a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11'::uuid::citext = 'a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11' AS t;
+SELECT 'a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11'::citext::uuid = 'a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11'::uuid AS t;
+
+CREATE TYPE mood AS ENUM ('sad', 'ok', 'happy');
+SELECT 'sad'::mood::citext = 'sad' AS t;
+SELECT 'sad'::citext::mood = 'sad'::mood AS t;
+
+-- Assignment casts.
+CREATE TABLE caster (
+    citext      citext,
+    text        text,
+    varchar     varchar,
+    bpchar      bpchar,
+    char        char,
+    chr         "char",
+    name        name,
+    bytea       bytea,
+    boolean     boolean,
+    float4      float4,
+    float8      float8,
+    numeric     numeric,
+    int8        int8,
+    int4        int4,
+    int2        int2,
+    cidr        cidr,
+    inet        inet,
+    macaddr     macaddr,
+    money       money,
+    timestamp   timestamp,
+    timestamptz timestamptz,
+    interval    interval,
+    date        date,
+    time        time,
+    timetz      timetz,
+    point       point,
+    lseg        lseg,
+    box         box,
+    path        path,
+    polygon     polygon,
+    circle      circle,
+    bit         bit,
+    bitv        bit varying,
+    tsvector    tsvector,
+    tsquery     tsquery,
+    uuid        uuid
+);
+
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('foo'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('foo'::text);
+
+INSERT INTO caster (varchar)       VALUES ('foo'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('foo'::varchar);
+INSERT INTO caster (varchar)       VALUES ('foo'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('foo'::varchar);
+
+INSERT INTO caster (bpchar)        VALUES ('foo'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('foo'::bpchar);
+INSERT INTO caster (bpchar)        VALUES ('foo'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('foo'::bpchar);
+
+INSERT INTO caster (char)          VALUES ('f'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('f'::char);
+INSERT INTO caster (char)          VALUES ('f'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('f'::char);
+
+INSERT INTO caster (chr)           VALUES ('f'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('f'::"char");
+INSERT INTO caster (chr)           VALUES ('f'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('f'::"char");
+
+INSERT INTO caster (name)          VALUES ('foo'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('foo'::name);
+INSERT INTO caster (name)          VALUES ('foo'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('foo'::name);
+
+-- Cannot cast to bytea on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (bytea)         VALUES ('foo'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('foo'::bytea);
+INSERT INTO caster (bytea)         VALUES ('foo'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('foo'::bytea);
+
+-- Cannot cast to boolean on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (boolean)       VALUES ('t'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('t'::boolean);
+INSERT INTO caster (boolean)       VALUES ('t'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('t'::boolean);
+
+-- Cannot cast to float8 on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (float8)        VALUES ('12.42'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('12.42'::float8);
+INSERT INTO caster (float8)        VALUES ('12.42'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('12.42'::float8);
+
+-- Cannot cast to float4 on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (float4)        VALUES ('12.42'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('12.42'::float4);
+INSERT INTO caster (float4)        VALUES ('12.42'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('12.42'::float4);
+
+-- Cannot cast to numeric on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (numeric)       VALUES ('12.42'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('12.42'::numeric);
+INSERT INTO caster (numeric)       VALUES ('12.42'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('12.42'::numeric);
+
+-- Cannot cast to int8 on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (int8)          VALUES ('12'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('12'::int8);
+INSERT INTO caster (int8)          VALUES ('12'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('12'::int8);
+
+-- Cannot cast to int4 on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (int4)          VALUES ('12'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('12'::int4);
+INSERT INTO caster (int4)          VALUES ('12'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('12'::int4);
+
+-- Cannot cast to int2 on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (int2)          VALUES ('12'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('12'::int2);
+INSERT INTO caster (int2)          VALUES ('12'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('12'::int2);
+
+-- Cannot cast to cidr on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (cidr)          VALUES ('192.168.100.128/25'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('192.168.100.128/25'::cidr);
+INSERT INTO caster (cidr)          VALUES ('192.168.100.128/25'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('192.168.100.128/25'::cidr);
+
+-- Cannot cast to inet on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (inet)          VALUES ('192.168.100.128'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('192.168.100.128'::inet);
+INSERT INTO caster (inet)          VALUES ('192.168.100.128'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('192.168.100.128'::inet);
+
+-- Cannot cast to macaddr on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (macaddr)       VALUES ('08:00:2b:01:02:03'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('08:00:2b:01:02:03'::macaddr);
+INSERT INTO caster (macaddr)       VALUES ('08:00:2b:01:02:03'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('08:00:2b:01:02:03'::macaddr);
+
+-- Cannot cast to money on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (money)         VALUES ('12'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('12'::money);
+INSERT INTO caster (money)         VALUES ('12'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('12'::money);
+
+-- Cannot cast to timestamp on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (timestamp)     VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05:06'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamp);
+INSERT INTO caster (timestamp)     VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05:06'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamp);
+
+-- Cannot cast to timestamptz on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (timestamptz)   VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05:06'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamptz);
+INSERT INTO caster (timestamptz)   VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05:06'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamptz);
+
+-- Cannot cast to interval on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (interval)      VALUES ('1 hour'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('1 hour'::interval);
+INSERT INTO caster (interval)      VALUES ('1 hour'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('1 hour'::interval);
+
+-- Cannot cast to date on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (date)          VALUES ('1999-01-08'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('1999-01-08'::date);
+INSERT INTO caster (date)          VALUES ('1999-01-08'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('1999-01-08'::date);
+
+-- Cannot cast to time on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (time)          VALUES ('04:05:06'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('04:05:06'::time);
+INSERT INTO caster (time)          VALUES ('04:05:06'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('04:05:06'::time);
+
+-- Cannot cast to timetz on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (timetz)        VALUES ('04:05:06'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('04:05:06'::timetz);
+INSERT INTO caster (timetz)        VALUES ('04:05:06'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('04:05:06'::timetz);
+
+-- Cannot cast to point on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (point)         VALUES ('( 1 , 1)'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('( 1 , 1)'::point);
+INSERT INTO caster (point)         VALUES ('( 1 , 1)'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('( 1 , 1)'::point);
+
+-- Cannot cast to lseg on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (lseg)          VALUES ('( 1 , 1 ) , ( 2 , 2 )'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('( 1 , 1 ) , ( 2 , 2 )'::lseg);
+INSERT INTO caster (lseg)          VALUES ('( 1 , 1 ) , ( 2 , 2 )'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('( 1 , 1 ) , ( 2 , 2 )'::lseg);
+
+-- Cannot cast to box on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (box)           VALUES ('(0,0),(1,1)'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('(0,0),(1,1)'::box);
+INSERT INTO caster (box)           VALUES ('(0,0),(1,1)'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('(0,0),(1,1)'::box);
+
+-- Cannot cast to path on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (path)          VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))'::path);
+INSERT INTO caster (path)          VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))'::path);
+
+-- Cannot cast to polygon on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (polygon)       VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1))'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1))'::polygon);
+INSERT INTO caster (polygon)       VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1))'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1))'::polygon);
+
+-- Cannot cast to circle on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (circle)        VALUES ('((0,0),2)'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('((0,0),2)'::circle);
+INSERT INTO caster (circle)        VALUES ('((0,0),2)'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('((0,0),2)'::circle);
+
+-- Cannot cast to bit on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (bit)           VALUES ('101'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('101'::bit);
+INSERT INTO caster (bit)           VALUES ('101'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('101'::bit);
+
+-- Cannot cast to bit varying on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (bitv)          VALUES ('101'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('101'::bit varying);
+INSERT INTO caster (bitv)          VALUES ('101'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('101'::bit varying);
+
+-- Cannot cast to tsvector on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (tsvector)      VALUES ('the fat cat'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('the fat cat'::tsvector);
+INSERT INTO caster (tsvector)      VALUES ('the fat cat'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('the fat cat'::tsvector);
+
+-- Cannot cast to tsquery on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (tsquery)       VALUES ('fat & rat'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('fat & rat'::tsquery);
+INSERT INTO caster (tsquery)       VALUES ('fat & rat'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('fat & rat'::tsquery);
+
+-- Cannot cast to uuid on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (uuid)          VALUES ('a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11'::uuid);
+INSERT INTO caster (uuid)          VALUES ('a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11'::uuid);
+
+-- Table 9-5. SQL String Functions and Operators
+SELECT 'D'::citext || 'avid'::citext = 'David'::citext AS citext_concat;
+SELECT 'Value: '::citext || 42 = 'Value: 42' AS text_concat;
+SELECT  42 || ': value'::citext ='42: value' AS int_concat;
+SELECT bit_length('jose'::citext) = 32 AS t;
+SELECT bit_length( name ) = bit_length( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+SELECT textlen( name ) = textlen( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+SELECT char_length( name ) = char_length( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+SELECT lower( name ) = lower( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+SELECT octet_length( name ) = octet_length( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+SELECT overlay( name placing 'hom' from 2 for 4) = overlay( name::text placing 'hom' from 2 for 4) AS t FROM srt;
+SELECT position( 'a' IN name ) = position( 'a' IN name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+
+SELECT substr('alphabet'::citext, 3)       = 'phabet' AS t;
+SELECT substr('alphabet'::citext, 3, 2)    = 'ph' AS t;
+
+SELECT substring('alphabet'::citext, 3)    = 'phabet' AS t;
+SELECT substring('alphabet'::citext, 3, 2) = 'ph' AS t;
+SELECT substring('Thomas'::citext from 2 for 3) = 'hom' AS t;
+SELECT substring('Thomas'::citext from 2) = 'homas' AS t;
+SELECT substring('Thomas'::citext from '...$') = 'mas' AS t;
+SELECT substring('Thomas'::citext from '%#"o_a#"_' for '#') = 'oma' AS t;
+
+SELECT trim('    trim    '::citext)               = 'trim' AS t;
+SELECT trim('xxxxxtrimxxxx'::citext, 'x'::citext) = 'trim' AS t;
+SELECT trim('xxxxxxtrimxxxx'::text,  'x'::citext) = 'trim' AS t;
+SELECT trim('xxxxxtrimxxxx'::text,   'x'::citext) = 'trim' AS t;
+
+SELECT upper( name ) = upper( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+
+-- Table 9-6. Other String Functions.
+SELECT ascii( name ) = ascii( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+
+SELECT btrim('    trim'::citext                   ) = 'trim' AS t;
+SELECT btrim('xxxxxtrimxxxx'::citext, 'x'::citext ) = 'trim' AS t;
+SELECT btrim('xyxtrimyyx'::citext,    'xy'::citext) = 'trim' AS t;
+SELECT btrim('xyxtrimyyx'::text,      'xy'::citext) = 'trim' AS t;
+SELECT btrim('xyxtrimyyx'::citext,    'xy'::text  ) = 'trim' AS t;
+
+-- chr() takes an int and returns text.
+-- convert() and convert_from take bytea and return text.
+
+SELECT convert_from( name::bytea, 'SQL_ASCII' ) = convert_from( name::text::bytea, 'SQL_ASCII' ) AS t FROM srt;
+SELECT decode('MTIzAAE='::citext, 'base64') = decode('MTIzAAE='::text, 'base64') AS t;
+-- encode() takes bytea and returns text.
+SELECT initcap('hi THOMAS'::citext) = initcap('hi THOMAS'::text) AS t;
+SELECT length( name ) = length( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+
+SELECT lpad('hi'::citext, 5              ) = '   hi' AS t;
+SELECT lpad('hi'::citext, 5, 'xy'::citext) = 'xyxhi' AS t;
+SELECT lpad('hi'::text,   5, 'xy'::citext) = 'xyxhi' AS t;
+SELECT lpad('hi'::citext, 5, 'xy'::text  ) = 'xyxhi' AS t;
+
+SELECT ltrim('    trim'::citext               ) = 'trim' AS t;
+SELECT ltrim('zzzytrim'::citext, 'xyz'::citext) = 'trim' AS t;
+SELECT ltrim('zzzytrim'::text,   'xyz'::citext) = 'trim' AS t;
+SELECT ltrim('zzzytrim'::citext, 'xyz'::text  ) = 'trim' AS t;
+
+SELECT md5( name ) = md5( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+-- pg_client_encoding() takes no args and returns name.
+SELECT quote_ident( name ) = quote_ident( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+SELECT quote_literal( name ) = quote_literal( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+
+SELECT regexp_match('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(bar)(beque)') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+SELECT regexp_match('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+SELECT regexp_match('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext) = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+SELECT regexp_match('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, '') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+SELECT regexp_match('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)', '') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+SELECT regexp_match('foobarbequebaz', '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, '') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+SELECT regexp_match('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, ''::citext) = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+-- c forces case-sensitive
+SELECT regexp_match('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, 'c'::citext) = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS "no result";
+-- g is not allowed
+SELECT regexp_match('foobarbequebazmorebarbequetoo'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, 'g') AS "error";
+
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(bar)(beque)') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext) = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, '') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)', '') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, '') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, ''::citext) = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+-- c forces case-sensitive
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, 'c'::citext) = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS "no rows";
+-- g allows multiple output rows
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebazmorebarbequetoo'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, 'g'::citext) AS "two rows";
+
+SELECT regexp_replace('Thomas'::citext, '.[mN]a.',         'M') = 'ThM' AS t;
+SELECT regexp_replace('Thomas'::citext, '.[MN]A.',         'M') = 'ThM' AS t;
+SELECT regexp_replace('Thomas',         '.[MN]A.'::citext, 'M') = 'ThM' AS t;
+SELECT regexp_replace('Thomas'::citext, '.[MN]A.'::citext, 'M') = 'ThM' AS t;
+-- c forces case-sensitive
+SELECT regexp_replace('Thomas'::citext, '.[MN]A.'::citext, 'M', 'c') = 'Thomas' AS t;
+
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('hello world'::citext, E'\\s+') = ARRAY[ 'hello', 'world' ] AS t;
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('helloTworld'::citext, 't') = ARRAY[ 'hello', 'world' ] AS t;
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('helloTworld', 't'::citext) = ARRAY[ 'hello', 'world' ] AS t;
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('helloTworld'::citext, 't'::citext) = ARRAY[ 'hello', 'world' ] AS t;
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('helloTworld'::citext, 't', 's') = ARRAY[ 'hello', 'world' ] AS t;
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('helloTworld', 't'::citext, 's') = ARRAY[ 'hello', 'world' ] AS t;
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('helloTworld'::citext, 't'::citext, 's') = ARRAY[ 'hello', 'world' ] AS t;
+
+-- c forces case-sensitive
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('helloTworld'::citext, 't'::citext, 'c') = ARRAY[ 'helloTworld' ] AS t;
+
+SELECT regexp_split_to_table('hello world'::citext, E'\\s+') AS words;
+SELECT regexp_split_to_table('helloTworld'::citext, 't') AS words;
+SELECT regexp_split_to_table('helloTworld',         't'::citext) AS words;
+SELECT regexp_split_to_table('helloTworld'::citext, 't'::citext) AS words;
+-- c forces case-sensitive
+SELECT regexp_split_to_table('helloTworld'::citext, 't'::citext, 'c') AS word;
+
+SELECT repeat('Pg'::citext, 4) = 'PgPgPgPg' AS t;
+
+SELECT replace('abcdefabcdef'::citext, 'cd', 'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+SELECT replace('abcdefabcdef'::citext, 'CD', 'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+SELECT replace('ab^is$abcdef'::citext, '^is$', 'XX') = 'abXXabcdef' AS t;
+SELECT replace('abcdefabcdef', 'cd'::citext, 'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+SELECT replace('abcdefabcdef', 'CD'::citext, 'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+SELECT replace('ab^is$abcdef', '^is$'::citext, 'XX') = 'abXXabcdef' AS t;
+SELECT replace('abcdefabcdef'::citext, 'cd'::citext, 'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+SELECT replace('abcdefabcdef'::citext, 'CD'::citext, 'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+SELECT replace('ab^is$abcdef'::citext, '^is$'::citext, 'XX') = 'abXXabcdef' AS t;
+
+SELECT rpad('hi'::citext, 5              ) = 'hi   ' AS t;
+SELECT rpad('hi'::citext, 5, 'xy'::citext) = 'hixyx' AS t;
+SELECT rpad('hi'::text,   5, 'xy'::citext) = 'hixyx' AS t;
+SELECT rpad('hi'::citext, 5, 'xy'::text  ) = 'hixyx' AS t;
+
+SELECT rtrim('trim    '::citext             ) = 'trim' AS t;
+SELECT rtrim('trimxxxx'::citext, 'x'::citext) = 'trim' AS t;
+SELECT rtrim('trimxxxx'::text,   'x'::citext) = 'trim' AS t;
+SELECT rtrim('trimxxxx'::text,   'x'::text  ) = 'trim' AS t;
+
+SELECT split_part('abc~@~def~@~ghi'::citext, '~@~', 2) = 'def' AS t;
+SELECT split_part('abcTdefTghi'::citext, 't', 2) = 'def' AS t;
+SELECT split_part('abcTdefTghi'::citext, 't'::citext, 2) = 'def' AS t;
+SELECT split_part('abcTdefTghi', 't'::citext, 2) = 'def' AS t;
+
+SELECT strpos('high'::citext, 'gh'        ) = 3 AS t;
+SELECT strpos('high',         'gh'::citext) = 3 AS t;
+SELECT strpos('high'::citext, 'gh'::citext) = 3 AS t;
+SELECT strpos('high'::citext, 'GH'        ) = 3 AS t;
+SELECT strpos('high',         'GH'::citext) = 3 AS t;
+SELECT strpos('high'::citext, 'GH'::citext) = 3 AS t;
+
+-- to_ascii() does not support UTF-8.
+-- to_hex() takes a numeric argument.
+SELECT substr('alphabet', 3, 2) = 'ph' AS t;
+SELECT translate('abcdefabcdef'::citext, 'cd',         'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+SELECT translate('abcdefabcdef'::citext, 'CD',         'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+SELECT translate('abcdefabcdef'::citext, 'CD'::citext, 'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+SELECT translate('abcdefabcdef',         'CD'::citext, 'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+
+-- Table 9-20. Formatting Functions
+SELECT to_date('05 Dec 2000'::citext, 'DD Mon YYYY'::citext)
+     = to_date('05 Dec 2000',         'DD Mon YYYY') AS t;
+SELECT to_date('05 Dec 2000'::citext, 'DD Mon YYYY')
+     = to_date('05 Dec 2000',         'DD Mon YYYY') AS t;
+SELECT to_date('05 Dec 2000',         'DD Mon YYYY'::citext)
+     = to_date('05 Dec 2000',         'DD Mon YYYY') AS t;
+
+SELECT to_number('12,454.8-'::citext, '99G999D9S'::citext)
+     = to_number('12,454.8-',         '99G999D9S') AS t;
+SELECT to_number('12,454.8-'::citext, '99G999D9S')
+     = to_number('12,454.8-',         '99G999D9S') AS t;
+SELECT to_number('12,454.8-',         '99G999D9S'::citext)
+     = to_number('12,454.8-',         '99G999D9S') AS t;
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('05 Dec 2000'::citext, 'DD Mon YYYY'::citext)
+     = to_timestamp('05 Dec 2000',         'DD Mon YYYY') AS t;
+SELECT to_timestamp('05 Dec 2000'::citext, 'DD Mon YYYY')
+     = to_timestamp('05 Dec 2000',         'DD Mon YYYY') AS t;
+SELECT to_timestamp('05 Dec 2000',         'DD Mon YYYY'::citext)
+     = to_timestamp('05 Dec 2000',         'DD Mon YYYY') AS t;
+
+-- Try assigning function results to a column.
+SELECT COUNT(*) = 8::bigint AS t FROM try;
+INSERT INTO try
+VALUES ( to_char(  now()::timestamp,          'HH12:MI:SS') ),
+       ( to_char(  now() + '1 sec'::interval, 'HH12:MI:SS') ), -- timetamptz
+       ( to_char(  '15h 2m 12s'::interval,    'HH24:MI:SS') ),
+       ( to_char(  current_date,              '999') ),
+       ( to_char(  125::int,                  '999') ),
+       ( to_char(  127::int4,                 '999') ),
+       ( to_char(  126::int8,                 '999') ),
+       ( to_char(  128.8::real,               '999D9') ),
+       ( to_char(  125.7::float4,             '999D9') ),
+       ( to_char(  125.9::float8,             '999D9') ),
+       ( to_char( -125.8::numeric,            '999D99S') );
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) = 19::bigint AS t FROM try;
+
+SELECT like_escape( name, '' ) = like_escape( name::text, '' ) AS t FROM srt;
+SELECT like_escape( name::text, ''::citext ) = like_escape( name::text, '' ) AS t FROM srt;
+
+-- Ensure correct behavior for citext with materialized views.
+CREATE TABLE citext_table (
+  id serial primary key,
+  name citext
+);
+INSERT INTO citext_table (name)
+  VALUES ('one'), ('two'), ('three'), (NULL), (NULL);
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW citext_matview AS
+  SELECT * FROM citext_table;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX citext_matview_id
+  ON citext_matview (id);
+SELECT *
+  FROM citext_matview m
+  FULL JOIN citext_table t ON (t.id = m.id AND t *= m)
+  WHERE t.id IS NULL OR m.id IS NULL;
+UPDATE citext_table SET name = 'Two' WHERE name = 'TWO';
+SELECT *
+  FROM citext_matview m
+  FULL JOIN citext_table t ON (t.id = m.id AND t *= m)
+  WHERE t.id IS NULL OR m.id IS NULL;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY citext_matview;
+SELECT * FROM citext_matview ORDER BY id;
+
+-- test citext_pattern_cmp() function explicitly.
+SELECT citext_pattern_cmp('aardvark'::citext, 'aardvark'::citext) AS zero;
+SELECT citext_pattern_cmp('aardvark'::citext, 'aardVark'::citext) AS zero;
+SELECT citext_pattern_cmp('AARDVARK'::citext, 'AARDVARK'::citext) AS zero;
+SELECT citext_pattern_cmp('B'::citext, 'a'::citext) > 0 AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_cmp('a'::citext, 'B'::citext) < 0 AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_cmp('A'::citext, 'b'::citext) < 0 AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_cmp('ABCD'::citext, 'abc'::citext) > 0 AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_cmp('ABC'::citext, 'abcd'::citext) < 0 AS true;
+
+-- test operator functions
+-- lt
+SELECT citext_pattern_lt('a'::citext, 'b'::citext) AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_lt('A'::citext, 'b'::citext) AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_lt('a'::citext, 'B'::citext) AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_lt('b'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS false;
+SELECT citext_pattern_lt('B'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS false;
+SELECT citext_pattern_lt('b'::citext, 'A'::citext) AS false;
+-- le
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('a'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('a'::citext, 'A'::citext) AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('A'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('A'::citext, 'A'::citext) AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('a'::citext, 'B'::citext) AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('A'::citext, 'b'::citext) AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('a'::citext, 'B'::citext) AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('b'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS false;
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('B'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS false;
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('b'::citext, 'A'::citext) AS false;
+-- gt
+SELECT citext_pattern_gt('a'::citext, 'b'::citext) AS false;
+SELECT citext_pattern_gt('A'::citext, 'b'::citext) AS false;
+SELECT citext_pattern_gt('a'::citext, 'B'::citext) AS false;
+SELECT citext_pattern_gt('b'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_gt('B'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_gt('b'::citext, 'A'::citext) AS true;
+-- ge
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('a'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('a'::citext, 'A'::citext) AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('A'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('A'::citext, 'A'::citext) AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('a'::citext, 'B'::citext) AS false;
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('A'::citext, 'b'::citext) AS false;
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('a'::citext, 'B'::citext) AS false;
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('b'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('B'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('b'::citext, 'A'::citext) AS true;
+
+-- Multi-byte tests below are disabled like the sanity tests above.
+-- Uncomment to run them.
+
+-- Test ~<~ and ~<=~
+SELECT 'a'::citext ~<~  'B'::citext AS t;
+SELECT 'b'::citext ~<~  'A'::citext AS f;
+-- SELECT 'à'::citext ~<~  'À'::citext AS f;
+SELECT 'a'::citext ~<=~ 'B'::citext AS t;
+SELECT 'a'::citext ~<=~ 'A'::citext AS t;
+-- SELECT 'à'::citext ~<=~ 'À'::citext AS t;
+
+-- Test ~>~ and ~>=~
+SELECT 'B'::citext ~>~  'a'::citext AS t;
+SELECT 'b'::citext ~>~  'A'::citext AS t;
+-- SELECT 'à'::citext ~>~  'À'::citext AS f;
+SELECT 'B'::citext ~>~  'b'::citext AS f;
+SELECT 'B'::citext ~>=~ 'b'::citext AS t;
+-- SELECT 'à'::citext ~>=~ 'À'::citext AS t;
+
+-- Test implicit casting. citext casts to text, but not vice-versa.
+SELECT 'B'::citext ~<~  'a'::text AS t;  -- text wins.
+SELECT 'B'::citext ~<=~ 'a'::text AS t;  -- text wins.
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext ~>~  'B'::text AS t;  -- text wins.
+SELECT 'a'::citext ~>=~ 'B'::text AS t;  -- text wins.
+
+-- Test implicit casting. citext casts to varchar, but not vice-versa.
+SELECT 'B'::citext ~<~  'a'::varchar AS t;  -- varchar wins.
+SELECT 'B'::citext ~<=~ 'a'::varchar AS t;  -- varchar wins.
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext ~>~  'B'::varchar AS t;  -- varchar wins.
+SELECT 'a'::citext ~>=~ 'B'::varchar AS t;  -- varchar wins.