Adding upstream version 13.4.upstream/13.4upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

14 files changed, 7444 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/contrib/citext/.gitignore b/contrib/citext/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5dcb3ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/citext/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# Generated subdirectories
+/log/
+/results/
+/tmp_check/
diff --git a/contrib/citext/Makefile b/contrib/citext/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7de529
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/citext/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# contrib/citext/Makefile
+
+MODULES = citext
+
+EXTENSION = citext
+DATA = citext--1.4.sql \
+	citext--1.5--1.6.sql \
+	citext--1.4--1.5.sql \
+	citext--1.3--1.4.sql \
+	citext--1.2--1.3.sql citext--1.1--1.2.sql \
+	citext--1.0--1.1.sql
+PGFILEDESC = "citext - case-insensitive character string data type"
+
+REGRESS = citext
+
+ifdef USE_PGXS
+PG_CONFIG = pg_config
+PGXS := $(shell $(PG_CONFIG) --pgxs)
+include $(PGXS)
+else
+subdir = contrib/citext
+top_builddir = ../..
+include $(top_builddir)/src/Makefile.global
+include $(top_srcdir)/contrib/contrib-global.mk
+endif
diff --git a/contrib/citext/citext--1.0--1.1.sql b/contrib/citext/citext--1.0--1.1.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e06627e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/citext/citext--1.0--1.1.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/* contrib/citext/citext--1.0--1.1.sql */
+
+-- complain if script is sourced in psql, rather than via ALTER EXTENSION
+\echo Use "ALTER EXTENSION citext UPDATE TO '1.1'" to load this file. \quit
+
+/* First we have to remove them from the extension */
+ALTER EXTENSION citext DROP FUNCTION regexp_matches( citext, citext );
+ALTER EXTENSION citext DROP FUNCTION regexp_matches( citext, citext, text );
+
+/* Then we can drop them */
+DROP FUNCTION regexp_matches( citext, citext );
+DROP FUNCTION regexp_matches( citext, citext, text );
+
+/* Now redefine */
+CREATE FUNCTION regexp_matches( citext, citext ) RETURNS SETOF TEXT[] AS $$
+    SELECT pg_catalog.regexp_matches( $1::pg_catalog.text, $2::pg_catalog.text, 'i' );
+$$ LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE STRICT ROWS 1;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION regexp_matches( citext, citext, text ) RETURNS SETOF TEXT[] AS $$
+    SELECT pg_catalog.regexp_matches( $1::pg_catalog.text, $2::pg_catalog.text, CASE WHEN pg_catalog.strpos($3, 'c') = 0 THEN  $3 || 'i' ELSE $3 END );
+$$ LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE STRICT ROWS 10;
diff --git a/contrib/citext/citext--1.1--1.2.sql b/contrib/citext/citext--1.1--1.2.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8bba86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/citext/citext--1.1--1.2.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/* contrib/citext/citext--1.1--1.2.sql */
+
+-- complain if script is sourced in psql, rather than via ALTER EXTENSION
+\echo Use "ALTER EXTENSION citext UPDATE TO '1.2'" to load this file. \quit
+
+ALTER FUNCTION citextin(cstring) PARALLEL SAFE;
+ALTER FUNCTION citextout(citext) PARALLEL SAFE;
+ALTER FUNCTION citextrecv(internal) PARALLEL SAFE;
+ALTER FUNCTION citextsend(citext) PARALLEL SAFE;
+ALTER FUNCTION citext(bpchar) PARALLEL SAFE;
+ALTER FUNCTION citext(boolean) PARALLEL SAFE;
+ALTER FUNCTION citext(inet) PARALLEL SAFE;
+ALTER FUNCTION citext_eq(citext, citext) PARALLEL SAFE;
+ALTER FUNCTION citext_ne(citext, citext) PARALLEL SAFE;
+ALTER FUNCTION citext_lt(citext, citext) PARALLEL SAFE;
+ALTER FUNCTION citext_le(citext, citext) PARALLEL SAFE;
+ALTER FUNCTION citext_gt(citext, citext) PARALLEL SAFE;
+ALTER FUNCTION citext_ge(citext, citext) PARALLEL SAFE;
+ALTER FUNCTION citext_cmp(citext, citext) PARALLEL SAFE;
+ALTER FUNCTION citext_hash(citext) PARALLEL SAFE;
+ALTER FUNCTION citext_smaller(citext, citext) PARALLEL SAFE;
+ALTER FUNCTION citext_larger(citext, citext) PARALLEL SAFE;
+ALTER FUNCTION texticlike(citext, citext) PARALLEL SAFE;
+ALTER FUNCTION texticnlike(citext, citext) PARALLEL SAFE;
+ALTER FUNCTION texticregexeq(citext, citext) PARALLEL SAFE;
+ALTER FUNCTION texticregexne(citext, citext) PARALLEL SAFE;
+ALTER FUNCTION texticlike(citext, text) PARALLEL SAFE;
+ALTER FUNCTION texticnlike(citext, text) PARALLEL SAFE;
+ALTER FUNCTION texticregexeq(citext, text) PARALLEL SAFE;
+ALTER FUNCTION texticregexne(citext, text) PARALLEL SAFE;
+ALTER FUNCTION regexp_matches(citext, citext) PARALLEL SAFE;
+ALTER FUNCTION regexp_matches(citext, citext, text) PARALLEL SAFE;
+ALTER FUNCTION regexp_replace(citext, citext, text) PARALLEL SAFE;
+ALTER FUNCTION regexp_replace(citext, citext, text, text) PARALLEL SAFE;
+ALTER FUNCTION regexp_split_to_array(citext, citext) PARALLEL SAFE;
+ALTER FUNCTION regexp_split_to_array(citext, citext, text) PARALLEL SAFE;
+ALTER FUNCTION regexp_split_to_table(citext, citext) PARALLEL SAFE;
+ALTER FUNCTION regexp_split_to_table(citext, citext, text) PARALLEL SAFE;
+ALTER FUNCTION strpos(citext, citext) PARALLEL SAFE;
+ALTER FUNCTION replace(citext, citext, citext) PARALLEL SAFE;
+ALTER FUNCTION split_part(citext, citext, int) PARALLEL SAFE;
+ALTER FUNCTION translate(citext, citext, text) PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+-- We have to update aggregates the hard way for lack of ALTER support
+DO LANGUAGE plpgsql
+$$
+DECLARE
+  my_schema pg_catalog.text := pg_catalog.quote_ident(pg_catalog.current_schema());
+  old_path pg_catalog.text := pg_catalog.current_setting('search_path');
+BEGIN
+-- for safety, transiently set search_path to just pg_catalog+pg_temp
+PERFORM pg_catalog.set_config('search_path', 'pg_catalog, pg_temp', true);
+
+UPDATE pg_proc SET proparallel = 's'
+WHERE oid = (my_schema || '.min(' || my_schema || '.citext)')::pg_catalog.regprocedure;
+
+UPDATE pg_proc SET proparallel = 's'
+WHERE oid = (my_schema || '.max(' || my_schema || '.citext)')::pg_catalog.regprocedure;
+
+UPDATE pg_aggregate SET aggcombinefn = (my_schema || '.citext_smaller')::regproc
+WHERE aggfnoid = (my_schema || '.max(' || my_schema || '.citext)')::pg_catalog.regprocedure;
+
+UPDATE pg_aggregate SET aggcombinefn = (my_schema || '.citext_larger')::regproc
+WHERE aggfnoid = (my_schema || '.max(' || my_schema || '.citext)')::pg_catalog.regprocedure;
+
+PERFORM pg_catalog.set_config('search_path', old_path, true);
+END
+$$;
diff --git a/contrib/citext/citext--1.2--1.3.sql b/contrib/citext/citext--1.2--1.3.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..24a7145
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/citext/citext--1.2--1.3.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/* contrib/citext/citext--1.2--1.3.sql */
+
+-- complain if script is sourced in psql, rather than via ALTER EXTENSION
+\echo Use "ALTER EXTENSION citext UPDATE TO '1.3'" to load this file. \quit
+
+-- We have to update aggregates the hard way for lack of ALTER support
+DO LANGUAGE plpgsql
+$$
+DECLARE
+  my_schema pg_catalog.text := pg_catalog.quote_ident(pg_catalog.current_schema());
+  old_path pg_catalog.text := pg_catalog.current_setting('search_path');
+BEGIN
+-- for safety, transiently set search_path to just pg_catalog+pg_temp
+PERFORM pg_catalog.set_config('search_path', 'pg_catalog, pg_temp', true);
+
+UPDATE pg_aggregate SET aggcombinefn = (my_schema || '.citext_smaller')::regproc
+WHERE aggfnoid = (my_schema || '.min(' || my_schema || '.citext)')::pg_catalog.regprocedure;
+
+PERFORM pg_catalog.set_config('search_path', old_path, true);
+END
+$$;
diff --git a/contrib/citext/citext--1.3--1.4.sql b/contrib/citext/citext--1.3--1.4.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b36651
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/citext/citext--1.3--1.4.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/* contrib/citext/citext--1.3--1.4.sql */
+
+-- complain if script is sourced in psql, rather than via ALTER EXTENSION
+\echo Use "ALTER EXTENSION citext UPDATE TO '1.4'" to load this file. \quit
+
+CREATE FUNCTION regexp_match( citext, citext ) RETURNS TEXT[] AS $$
+    SELECT pg_catalog.regexp_match( $1::pg_catalog.text, $2::pg_catalog.text, 'i' );
+$$ LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION regexp_match( citext, citext, text ) RETURNS TEXT[] AS $$
+    SELECT pg_catalog.regexp_match( $1::pg_catalog.text, $2::pg_catalog.text, CASE WHEN pg_catalog.strpos($3, 'c') = 0 THEN  $3 || 'i' ELSE $3 END );
+$$ LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
diff --git a/contrib/citext/citext--1.4--1.5.sql b/contrib/citext/citext--1.4--1.5.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ae522b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/citext/citext--1.4--1.5.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/* contrib/citext/citext--1.4--1.5.sql */
+
+-- complain if script is sourced in psql, rather than via ALTER EXTENSION
+\echo Use "ALTER EXTENSION citext UPDATE TO '1.5'" to load this file. \quit
+
+ALTER OPERATOR <= (citext, citext) SET (
+    RESTRICT   = scalarlesel,
+    JOIN       = scalarlejoinsel
+);
+
+ALTER OPERATOR >= (citext, citext) SET (
+    RESTRICT   = scalargesel,
+    JOIN       = scalargejoinsel
+);
+
+CREATE FUNCTION citext_pattern_lt( citext, citext )
+RETURNS bool
+AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME'
+LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION citext_pattern_le( citext, citext )
+RETURNS bool
+AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME'
+LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION citext_pattern_gt( citext, citext )
+RETURNS bool
+AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME'
+LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION citext_pattern_ge( citext, citext )
+RETURNS bool
+AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME'
+LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE OPERATOR ~<~ (
+    LEFTARG    = CITEXT,
+    RIGHTARG   = CITEXT,
+    NEGATOR    = ~>=~,
+    COMMUTATOR = ~>~,
+    PROCEDURE  = citext_pattern_lt,
+    RESTRICT   = scalarltsel,
+    JOIN       = scalarltjoinsel
+);
+
+CREATE OPERATOR ~<=~ (
+    LEFTARG    = CITEXT,
+    RIGHTARG   = CITEXT,
+    NEGATOR    = ~>~,
+    COMMUTATOR = ~>=~,
+    PROCEDURE  = citext_pattern_le,
+    RESTRICT   = scalarltsel,
+    JOIN       = scalarltjoinsel
+);
+
+CREATE OPERATOR ~>=~ (
+    LEFTARG    = CITEXT,
+    RIGHTARG   = CITEXT,
+    NEGATOR    = ~<~,
+    COMMUTATOR = ~<=~,
+    PROCEDURE  = citext_pattern_ge,
+    RESTRICT   = scalargtsel,
+    JOIN       = scalargtjoinsel
+);
+
+CREATE OPERATOR ~>~ (
+    LEFTARG    = CITEXT,
+    RIGHTARG   = CITEXT,
+    NEGATOR    = ~<=~,
+    COMMUTATOR = ~<~,
+    PROCEDURE  = citext_pattern_gt,
+    RESTRICT   = scalargtsel,
+    JOIN       = scalargtjoinsel
+);
+
+CREATE FUNCTION citext_pattern_cmp(citext, citext)
+RETURNS int4
+AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME'
+LANGUAGE C STRICT IMMUTABLE PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE OPERATOR CLASS citext_pattern_ops
+FOR TYPE CITEXT USING btree AS
+    OPERATOR    1   ~<~  (citext, citext),
+    OPERATOR    2   ~<=~ (citext, citext),
+    OPERATOR    3   =    (citext, citext),
+    OPERATOR    4   ~>=~ (citext, citext),
+    OPERATOR    5   ~>~  (citext, citext),
+    FUNCTION    1   citext_pattern_cmp(citext, citext);
diff --git a/contrib/citext/citext--1.4.sql b/contrib/citext/citext--1.4.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b06198
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/citext/citext--1.4.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,501 @@
+/* contrib/citext/citext--1.4.sql */
+
+-- complain if script is sourced in psql, rather than via CREATE EXTENSION
+\echo Use "CREATE EXTENSION citext" to load this file. \quit
+
+--
+--  PostgreSQL code for CITEXT.
+--
+-- Most I/O functions, and a few others, piggyback on the "text" type
+-- functions via the implicit cast to text.
+--
+
+--
+-- Shell type to keep things a bit quieter.
+--
+
+CREATE TYPE citext;
+
+--
+--  Input and output functions.
+--
+CREATE FUNCTION citextin(cstring)
+RETURNS citext
+AS 'textin'
+LANGUAGE internal IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION citextout(citext)
+RETURNS cstring
+AS 'textout'
+LANGUAGE internal IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION citextrecv(internal)
+RETURNS citext
+AS 'textrecv'
+LANGUAGE internal STABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION citextsend(citext)
+RETURNS bytea
+AS 'textsend'
+LANGUAGE internal STABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+--
+--  The type itself.
+--
+
+CREATE TYPE citext (
+    INPUT          = citextin,
+    OUTPUT         = citextout,
+    RECEIVE        = citextrecv,
+    SEND           = citextsend,
+    INTERNALLENGTH = VARIABLE,
+    STORAGE        = extended,
+    -- make it a non-preferred member of string type category
+    CATEGORY       = 'S',
+    PREFERRED      = false,
+    COLLATABLE     = true
+);
+
+--
+-- Type casting functions for those situations where the I/O casts don't
+-- automatically kick in.
+--
+
+CREATE FUNCTION citext(bpchar)
+RETURNS citext
+AS 'rtrim1'
+LANGUAGE internal IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION citext(boolean)
+RETURNS citext
+AS 'booltext'
+LANGUAGE internal IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION citext(inet)
+RETURNS citext
+AS 'network_show'
+LANGUAGE internal IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+--
+--  Implicit and assignment type casts.
+--
+
+CREATE CAST (citext AS text)    WITHOUT FUNCTION AS IMPLICIT;
+CREATE CAST (citext AS varchar) WITHOUT FUNCTION AS IMPLICIT;
+CREATE CAST (citext AS bpchar)  WITHOUT FUNCTION AS ASSIGNMENT;
+CREATE CAST (text AS citext)    WITHOUT FUNCTION AS ASSIGNMENT;
+CREATE CAST (varchar AS citext) WITHOUT FUNCTION AS ASSIGNMENT;
+CREATE CAST (bpchar AS citext)  WITH FUNCTION citext(bpchar)  AS ASSIGNMENT;
+CREATE CAST (boolean AS citext) WITH FUNCTION citext(boolean) AS ASSIGNMENT;
+CREATE CAST (inet AS citext)    WITH FUNCTION citext(inet)    AS ASSIGNMENT;
+
+--
+-- Operator Functions.
+--
+
+CREATE FUNCTION citext_eq( citext, citext )
+RETURNS bool
+AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME'
+LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION citext_ne( citext, citext )
+RETURNS bool
+AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME'
+LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION citext_lt( citext, citext )
+RETURNS bool
+AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME'
+LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION citext_le( citext, citext )
+RETURNS bool
+AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME'
+LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION citext_gt( citext, citext )
+RETURNS bool
+AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME'
+LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION citext_ge( citext, citext )
+RETURNS bool
+AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME'
+LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+--
+-- Operators.
+--
+
+CREATE OPERATOR = (
+    LEFTARG    = CITEXT,
+    RIGHTARG   = CITEXT,
+    COMMUTATOR = =,
+    NEGATOR    = <>,
+    PROCEDURE  = citext_eq,
+    RESTRICT   = eqsel,
+    JOIN       = eqjoinsel,
+    HASHES,
+    MERGES
+);
+
+CREATE OPERATOR <> (
+    LEFTARG    = CITEXT,
+    RIGHTARG   = CITEXT,
+    NEGATOR    = =,
+    COMMUTATOR = <>,
+    PROCEDURE  = citext_ne,
+    RESTRICT   = neqsel,
+    JOIN       = neqjoinsel
+);
+
+CREATE OPERATOR < (
+    LEFTARG    = CITEXT,
+    RIGHTARG   = CITEXT,
+    NEGATOR    = >=,
+    COMMUTATOR = >,
+    PROCEDURE  = citext_lt,
+    RESTRICT   = scalarltsel,
+    JOIN       = scalarltjoinsel
+);
+
+CREATE OPERATOR <= (
+    LEFTARG    = CITEXT,
+    RIGHTARG   = CITEXT,
+    NEGATOR    = >,
+    COMMUTATOR = >=,
+    PROCEDURE  = citext_le,
+    RESTRICT   = scalarltsel,
+    JOIN       = scalarltjoinsel
+);
+
+CREATE OPERATOR >= (
+    LEFTARG    = CITEXT,
+    RIGHTARG   = CITEXT,
+    NEGATOR    = <,
+    COMMUTATOR = <=,
+    PROCEDURE  = citext_ge,
+    RESTRICT   = scalargtsel,
+    JOIN       = scalargtjoinsel
+);
+
+CREATE OPERATOR > (
+    LEFTARG    = CITEXT,
+    RIGHTARG   = CITEXT,
+    NEGATOR    = <=,
+    COMMUTATOR = <,
+    PROCEDURE  = citext_gt,
+    RESTRICT   = scalargtsel,
+    JOIN       = scalargtjoinsel
+);
+
+--
+-- Support functions for indexing.
+--
+
+CREATE FUNCTION citext_cmp(citext, citext)
+RETURNS int4
+AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME'
+LANGUAGE C STRICT IMMUTABLE PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION citext_hash(citext)
+RETURNS int4
+AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME'
+LANGUAGE C STRICT IMMUTABLE PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+--
+-- The btree indexing operator class.
+--
+
+CREATE OPERATOR CLASS citext_ops
+DEFAULT FOR TYPE CITEXT USING btree AS
+    OPERATOR    1   <  (citext, citext),
+    OPERATOR    2   <= (citext, citext),
+    OPERATOR    3   =  (citext, citext),
+    OPERATOR    4   >= (citext, citext),
+    OPERATOR    5   >  (citext, citext),
+    FUNCTION    1   citext_cmp(citext, citext);
+
+--
+-- The hash indexing operator class.
+--
+
+CREATE OPERATOR CLASS citext_ops
+DEFAULT FOR TYPE citext USING hash AS
+    OPERATOR    1   =  (citext, citext),
+    FUNCTION    1   citext_hash(citext);
+
+--
+-- Aggregates.
+--
+
+CREATE FUNCTION citext_smaller(citext, citext)
+RETURNS citext
+AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME'
+LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION citext_larger(citext, citext)
+RETURNS citext
+AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME'
+LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE AGGREGATE min(citext)  (
+    SFUNC = citext_smaller,
+    STYPE = citext,
+    SORTOP = <,
+    PARALLEL = SAFE,
+    COMBINEFUNC = citext_smaller
+);
+
+CREATE AGGREGATE max(citext)  (
+    SFUNC = citext_larger,
+    STYPE = citext,
+    SORTOP = >,
+    PARALLEL = SAFE,
+    COMBINEFUNC = citext_larger
+);
+
+--
+-- CITEXT pattern matching.
+--
+
+CREATE FUNCTION texticlike(citext, citext)
+RETURNS bool AS 'texticlike'
+LANGUAGE internal IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION texticnlike(citext, citext)
+RETURNS bool AS 'texticnlike'
+LANGUAGE internal IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION texticregexeq(citext, citext)
+RETURNS bool AS 'texticregexeq'
+LANGUAGE internal IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION texticregexne(citext, citext)
+RETURNS bool AS 'texticregexne'
+LANGUAGE internal IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE OPERATOR ~ (
+    PROCEDURE = texticregexeq,
+    LEFTARG   = citext,
+    RIGHTARG  = citext,
+    NEGATOR   = !~,
+    RESTRICT  = icregexeqsel,
+    JOIN      = icregexeqjoinsel
+);
+
+CREATE OPERATOR ~* (
+    PROCEDURE = texticregexeq,
+    LEFTARG   = citext,
+    RIGHTARG  = citext,
+    NEGATOR   = !~*,
+    RESTRICT  = icregexeqsel,
+    JOIN      = icregexeqjoinsel
+);
+
+CREATE OPERATOR !~ (
+    PROCEDURE = texticregexne,
+    LEFTARG   = citext,
+    RIGHTARG  = citext,
+    NEGATOR   = ~,
+    RESTRICT  = icregexnesel,
+    JOIN      = icregexnejoinsel
+);
+
+CREATE OPERATOR !~* (
+    PROCEDURE = texticregexne,
+    LEFTARG   = citext,
+    RIGHTARG  = citext,
+    NEGATOR   = ~*,
+    RESTRICT  = icregexnesel,
+    JOIN      = icregexnejoinsel
+);
+
+CREATE OPERATOR ~~ (
+    PROCEDURE = texticlike,
+    LEFTARG   = citext,
+    RIGHTARG  = citext,
+    NEGATOR   = !~~,
+    RESTRICT  = iclikesel,
+    JOIN      = iclikejoinsel
+);
+
+CREATE OPERATOR ~~* (
+    PROCEDURE = texticlike,
+    LEFTARG   = citext,
+    RIGHTARG  = citext,
+    NEGATOR   = !~~*,
+    RESTRICT  = iclikesel,
+    JOIN      = iclikejoinsel
+);
+
+CREATE OPERATOR !~~ (
+    PROCEDURE = texticnlike,
+    LEFTARG   = citext,
+    RIGHTARG  = citext,
+    NEGATOR   = ~~,
+    RESTRICT  = icnlikesel,
+    JOIN      = icnlikejoinsel
+);
+
+CREATE OPERATOR !~~* (
+    PROCEDURE = texticnlike,
+    LEFTARG   = citext,
+    RIGHTARG  = citext,
+    NEGATOR   = ~~*,
+    RESTRICT  = icnlikesel,
+    JOIN      = icnlikejoinsel
+);
+
+--
+-- Matching citext to text.
+--
+
+CREATE FUNCTION texticlike(citext, text)
+RETURNS bool AS 'texticlike'
+LANGUAGE internal IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION texticnlike(citext, text)
+RETURNS bool AS 'texticnlike'
+LANGUAGE internal IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION texticregexeq(citext, text)
+RETURNS bool AS 'texticregexeq'
+LANGUAGE internal IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION texticregexne(citext, text)
+RETURNS bool AS 'texticregexne'
+LANGUAGE internal IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE OPERATOR ~ (
+    PROCEDURE = texticregexeq,
+    LEFTARG   = citext,
+    RIGHTARG  = text,
+    NEGATOR   = !~,
+    RESTRICT  = icregexeqsel,
+    JOIN      = icregexeqjoinsel
+);
+
+CREATE OPERATOR ~* (
+    PROCEDURE = texticregexeq,
+    LEFTARG   = citext,
+    RIGHTARG  = text,
+    NEGATOR   = !~*,
+    RESTRICT  = icregexeqsel,
+    JOIN      = icregexeqjoinsel
+);
+
+CREATE OPERATOR !~ (
+    PROCEDURE = texticregexne,
+    LEFTARG   = citext,
+    RIGHTARG  = text,
+    NEGATOR   = ~,
+    RESTRICT  = icregexnesel,
+    JOIN      = icregexnejoinsel
+);
+
+CREATE OPERATOR !~* (
+    PROCEDURE = texticregexne,
+    LEFTARG   = citext,
+    RIGHTARG  = text,
+    NEGATOR   = ~*,
+    RESTRICT  = icregexnesel,
+    JOIN      = icregexnejoinsel
+);
+
+CREATE OPERATOR ~~ (
+    PROCEDURE = texticlike,
+    LEFTARG   = citext,
+    RIGHTARG  = text,
+    NEGATOR   = !~~,
+    RESTRICT  = iclikesel,
+    JOIN      = iclikejoinsel
+);
+
+CREATE OPERATOR ~~* (
+    PROCEDURE = texticlike,
+    LEFTARG   = citext,
+    RIGHTARG  = text,
+    NEGATOR   = !~~*,
+    RESTRICT  = iclikesel,
+    JOIN      = iclikejoinsel
+);
+
+CREATE OPERATOR !~~ (
+    PROCEDURE = texticnlike,
+    LEFTARG   = citext,
+    RIGHTARG  = text,
+    NEGATOR   = ~~,
+    RESTRICT  = icnlikesel,
+    JOIN      = icnlikejoinsel
+);
+
+CREATE OPERATOR !~~* (
+    PROCEDURE = texticnlike,
+    LEFTARG   = citext,
+    RIGHTARG  = text,
+    NEGATOR   = ~~*,
+    RESTRICT  = icnlikesel,
+    JOIN      = icnlikejoinsel
+);
+
+--
+-- Matching citext in string comparison functions.
+-- XXX TODO Ideally these would be implemented in C.
+--
+
+CREATE FUNCTION regexp_match( citext, citext ) RETURNS TEXT[] AS $$
+    SELECT pg_catalog.regexp_match( $1::pg_catalog.text, $2::pg_catalog.text, 'i' );
+$$ LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION regexp_match( citext, citext, text ) RETURNS TEXT[] AS $$
+    SELECT pg_catalog.regexp_match( $1::pg_catalog.text, $2::pg_catalog.text, CASE WHEN pg_catalog.strpos($3, 'c') = 0 THEN  $3 || 'i' ELSE $3 END );
+$$ LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION regexp_matches( citext, citext ) RETURNS SETOF TEXT[] AS $$
+    SELECT pg_catalog.regexp_matches( $1::pg_catalog.text, $2::pg_catalog.text, 'i' );
+$$ LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE ROWS 1;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION regexp_matches( citext, citext, text ) RETURNS SETOF TEXT[] AS $$
+    SELECT pg_catalog.regexp_matches( $1::pg_catalog.text, $2::pg_catalog.text, CASE WHEN pg_catalog.strpos($3, 'c') = 0 THEN  $3 || 'i' ELSE $3 END );
+$$ LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE ROWS 10;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION regexp_replace( citext, citext, text ) returns TEXT AS $$
+    SELECT pg_catalog.regexp_replace( $1::pg_catalog.text, $2::pg_catalog.text, $3, 'i');
+$$ LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION regexp_replace( citext, citext, text, text ) returns TEXT AS $$
+    SELECT pg_catalog.regexp_replace( $1::pg_catalog.text, $2::pg_catalog.text, $3, CASE WHEN pg_catalog.strpos($4, 'c') = 0 THEN  $4 || 'i' ELSE $4 END);
+$$ LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION regexp_split_to_array( citext, citext ) RETURNS TEXT[] AS $$
+    SELECT pg_catalog.regexp_split_to_array( $1::pg_catalog.text, $2::pg_catalog.text, 'i' );
+$$ LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION regexp_split_to_array( citext, citext, text ) RETURNS TEXT[] AS $$
+    SELECT pg_catalog.regexp_split_to_array( $1::pg_catalog.text, $2::pg_catalog.text, CASE WHEN pg_catalog.strpos($3, 'c') = 0 THEN  $3 || 'i' ELSE $3 END );
+$$ LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION regexp_split_to_table( citext, citext ) RETURNS SETOF TEXT AS $$
+    SELECT pg_catalog.regexp_split_to_table( $1::pg_catalog.text, $2::pg_catalog.text, 'i' );
+$$ LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION regexp_split_to_table( citext, citext, text ) RETURNS SETOF TEXT AS $$
+    SELECT pg_catalog.regexp_split_to_table( $1::pg_catalog.text, $2::pg_catalog.text, CASE WHEN pg_catalog.strpos($3, 'c') = 0 THEN  $3 || 'i' ELSE $3 END );
+$$ LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION strpos( citext, citext ) RETURNS INT AS $$
+    SELECT pg_catalog.strpos( pg_catalog.lower( $1::pg_catalog.text ), pg_catalog.lower( $2::pg_catalog.text ) );
+$$ LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION replace( citext, citext, citext ) RETURNS TEXT AS $$
+    SELECT pg_catalog.regexp_replace( $1::pg_catalog.text, pg_catalog.regexp_replace($2::pg_catalog.text, '([^a-zA-Z_0-9])', E'\\\\\\1', 'g'), $3::pg_catalog.text, 'gi' );
+$$ LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION split_part( citext, citext, int ) RETURNS TEXT AS $$
+    SELECT (pg_catalog.regexp_split_to_array( $1::pg_catalog.text, pg_catalog.regexp_replace($2::pg_catalog.text, '([^a-zA-Z_0-9])', E'\\\\\\1', 'g'), 'i'))[$3];
+$$ LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION translate( citext, citext, text ) RETURNS TEXT AS $$
+    SELECT pg_catalog.translate( pg_catalog.translate( $1::pg_catalog.text, pg_catalog.lower($2::pg_catalog.text), $3), pg_catalog.upper($2::pg_catalog.text), $3);
+$$ LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
diff --git a/contrib/citext/citext--1.5--1.6.sql b/contrib/citext/citext--1.5--1.6.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3226898
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/citext/citext--1.5--1.6.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/* contrib/citext/citext--1.5--1.6.sql */
+
+-- complain if script is sourced in psql, rather than via ALTER EXTENSION
+\echo Use "ALTER EXTENSION citext UPDATE TO '1.6'" to load this file. \quit
+
+CREATE FUNCTION citext_hash_extended(citext, int8)
+RETURNS int8
+AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME'
+LANGUAGE C STRICT IMMUTABLE PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY citext_ops USING hash ADD
+    FUNCTION    2   citext_hash_extended(citext, int8);
diff --git a/contrib/citext/citext.c b/contrib/citext/citext.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df13946
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/citext/citext.c
@@ -0,0 +1,408 @@
+/*
+ * contrib/citext/citext.c
+ */
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include "catalog/pg_collation.h"
+#include "common/hashfn.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
+#include "utils/formatting.h"
+#include "utils/varlena.h"
+
+PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
+
+/*
+ *		====================
+ *		FORWARD DECLARATIONS
+ *		====================
+ */
+
+static int32 citextcmp(text *left, text *right, Oid collid);
+static int32 internal_citext_pattern_cmp(text *left, text *right, Oid collid);
+
+/*
+ *		=================
+ *		UTILITY FUNCTIONS
+ *		=================
+ */
+
+/*
+ * citextcmp()
+ * Internal comparison function for citext strings.
+ * Returns int32 negative, zero, or positive.
+ */
+static int32
+citextcmp(text *left, text *right, Oid collid)
+{
+	char	   *lcstr,
+			   *rcstr;
+	int32		result;
+
+	/*
+	 * We must do our str_tolower calls with DEFAULT_COLLATION_OID, not the
+	 * input collation as you might expect.  This is so that the behavior of
+	 * citext's equality and hashing functions is not collation-dependent.  We
+	 * should change this once the core infrastructure is able to cope with
+	 * collation-dependent equality and hashing functions.
+	 */
+
+	lcstr = str_tolower(VARDATA_ANY(left), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(left), DEFAULT_COLLATION_OID);
+	rcstr = str_tolower(VARDATA_ANY(right), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(right), DEFAULT_COLLATION_OID);
+
+	result = varstr_cmp(lcstr, strlen(lcstr),
+						rcstr, strlen(rcstr),
+						collid);
+
+	pfree(lcstr);
+	pfree(rcstr);
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * citext_pattern_cmp()
+ * Internal character-by-character comparison function for citext strings.
+ * Returns int32 negative, zero, or positive.
+ */
+static int32
+internal_citext_pattern_cmp(text *left, text *right, Oid collid)
+{
+	char	   *lcstr,
+			   *rcstr;
+	int			llen,
+				rlen;
+	int32		result;
+
+	lcstr = str_tolower(VARDATA_ANY(left), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(left), DEFAULT_COLLATION_OID);
+	rcstr = str_tolower(VARDATA_ANY(right), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(right), DEFAULT_COLLATION_OID);
+
+	llen = strlen(lcstr);
+	rlen = strlen(rcstr);
+
+	result = memcmp((void *) lcstr, (void *) rcstr, Min(llen, rlen));
+	if (result == 0)
+	{
+		if (llen < rlen)
+			result = -1;
+		else if (llen > rlen)
+			result = 1;
+	}
+
+	pfree(lcstr);
+	pfree(rcstr);
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ *		==================
+ *		INDEXING FUNCTIONS
+ *		==================
+ */
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(citext_cmp);
+
+Datum
+citext_cmp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	text	   *left = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
+	text	   *right = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(1);
+	int32		result;
+
+	result = citextcmp(left, right, PG_GET_COLLATION());
+
+	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(left, 0);
+	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(right, 1);
+
+	PG_RETURN_INT32(result);
+}
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(citext_pattern_cmp);
+
+Datum
+citext_pattern_cmp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	text	   *left = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
+	text	   *right = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(1);
+	int32		result;
+
+	result = internal_citext_pattern_cmp(left, right, PG_GET_COLLATION());
+
+	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(left, 0);
+	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(right, 1);
+
+	PG_RETURN_INT32(result);
+}
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(citext_hash);
+
+Datum
+citext_hash(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	text	   *txt = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
+	char	   *str;
+	Datum		result;
+
+	str = str_tolower(VARDATA_ANY(txt), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(txt), DEFAULT_COLLATION_OID);
+	result = hash_any((unsigned char *) str, strlen(str));
+	pfree(str);
+
+	/* Avoid leaking memory for toasted inputs */
+	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(txt, 0);
+
+	PG_RETURN_DATUM(result);
+}
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(citext_hash_extended);
+
+Datum
+citext_hash_extended(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	text	   *txt = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
+	uint64		seed = PG_GETARG_INT64(1);
+	char	   *str;
+	Datum		result;
+
+	str = str_tolower(VARDATA_ANY(txt), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(txt), DEFAULT_COLLATION_OID);
+	result = hash_any_extended((unsigned char *) str, strlen(str), seed);
+	pfree(str);
+
+	/* Avoid leaking memory for toasted inputs */
+	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(txt, 0);
+
+	PG_RETURN_DATUM(result);
+}
+
+/*
+ *		==================
+ *		OPERATOR FUNCTIONS
+ *		==================
+ */
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(citext_eq);
+
+Datum
+citext_eq(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	text	   *left = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
+	text	   *right = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(1);
+	char	   *lcstr,
+			   *rcstr;
+	bool		result;
+
+	/* We can't compare lengths in advance of downcasing ... */
+
+	lcstr = str_tolower(VARDATA_ANY(left), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(left), DEFAULT_COLLATION_OID);
+	rcstr = str_tolower(VARDATA_ANY(right), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(right), DEFAULT_COLLATION_OID);
+
+	/*
+	 * Since we only care about equality or not-equality, we can avoid all the
+	 * expense of strcoll() here, and just do bitwise comparison.
+	 */
+	result = (strcmp(lcstr, rcstr) == 0);
+
+	pfree(lcstr);
+	pfree(rcstr);
+	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(left, 0);
+	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(right, 1);
+
+	PG_RETURN_BOOL(result);
+}
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(citext_ne);
+
+Datum
+citext_ne(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	text	   *left = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
+	text	   *right = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(1);
+	char	   *lcstr,
+			   *rcstr;
+	bool		result;
+
+	/* We can't compare lengths in advance of downcasing ... */
+
+	lcstr = str_tolower(VARDATA_ANY(left), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(left), DEFAULT_COLLATION_OID);
+	rcstr = str_tolower(VARDATA_ANY(right), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(right), DEFAULT_COLLATION_OID);
+
+	/*
+	 * Since we only care about equality or not-equality, we can avoid all the
+	 * expense of strcoll() here, and just do bitwise comparison.
+	 */
+	result = (strcmp(lcstr, rcstr) != 0);
+
+	pfree(lcstr);
+	pfree(rcstr);
+	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(left, 0);
+	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(right, 1);
+
+	PG_RETURN_BOOL(result);
+}
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(citext_lt);
+
+Datum
+citext_lt(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	text	   *left = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
+	text	   *right = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(1);
+	bool		result;
+
+	result = citextcmp(left, right, PG_GET_COLLATION()) < 0;
+
+	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(left, 0);
+	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(right, 1);
+
+	PG_RETURN_BOOL(result);
+}
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(citext_le);
+
+Datum
+citext_le(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	text	   *left = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
+	text	   *right = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(1);
+	bool		result;
+
+	result = citextcmp(left, right, PG_GET_COLLATION()) <= 0;
+
+	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(left, 0);
+	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(right, 1);
+
+	PG_RETURN_BOOL(result);
+}
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(citext_gt);
+
+Datum
+citext_gt(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	text	   *left = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
+	text	   *right = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(1);
+	bool		result;
+
+	result = citextcmp(left, right, PG_GET_COLLATION()) > 0;
+
+	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(left, 0);
+	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(right, 1);
+
+	PG_RETURN_BOOL(result);
+}
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(citext_ge);
+
+Datum
+citext_ge(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	text	   *left = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
+	text	   *right = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(1);
+	bool		result;
+
+	result = citextcmp(left, right, PG_GET_COLLATION()) >= 0;
+
+	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(left, 0);
+	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(right, 1);
+
+	PG_RETURN_BOOL(result);
+}
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(citext_pattern_lt);
+
+Datum
+citext_pattern_lt(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	text	   *left = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
+	text	   *right = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(1);
+	bool		result;
+
+	result = internal_citext_pattern_cmp(left, right, PG_GET_COLLATION()) < 0;
+
+	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(left, 0);
+	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(right, 1);
+
+	PG_RETURN_BOOL(result);
+}
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(citext_pattern_le);
+
+Datum
+citext_pattern_le(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	text	   *left = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
+	text	   *right = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(1);
+	bool		result;
+
+	result = internal_citext_pattern_cmp(left, right, PG_GET_COLLATION()) <= 0;
+
+	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(left, 0);
+	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(right, 1);
+
+	PG_RETURN_BOOL(result);
+}
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(citext_pattern_gt);
+
+Datum
+citext_pattern_gt(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	text	   *left = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
+	text	   *right = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(1);
+	bool		result;
+
+	result = internal_citext_pattern_cmp(left, right, PG_GET_COLLATION()) > 0;
+
+	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(left, 0);
+	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(right, 1);
+
+	PG_RETURN_BOOL(result);
+}
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(citext_pattern_ge);
+
+Datum
+citext_pattern_ge(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	text	   *left = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
+	text	   *right = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(1);
+	bool		result;
+
+	result = internal_citext_pattern_cmp(left, right, PG_GET_COLLATION()) >= 0;
+
+	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(left, 0);
+	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(right, 1);
+
+	PG_RETURN_BOOL(result);
+}
+
+/*
+ *		===================
+ *		AGGREGATE FUNCTIONS
+ *		===================
+ */
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(citext_smaller);
+
+Datum
+citext_smaller(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	text	   *left = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
+	text	   *right = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(1);
+	text	   *result;
+
+	result = citextcmp(left, right, PG_GET_COLLATION()) < 0 ? left : right;
+	PG_RETURN_TEXT_P(result);
+}
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(citext_larger);
+
+Datum
+citext_larger(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	text	   *left = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
+	text	   *right = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(1);
+	text	   *result;
+
+	result = citextcmp(left, right, PG_GET_COLLATION()) > 0 ? left : right;
+	PG_RETURN_TEXT_P(result);
+}
diff --git a/contrib/citext/citext.control b/contrib/citext/citext.control
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ccf4454
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/citext/citext.control
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# citext extension
+comment = 'data type for case-insensitive character strings'
+default_version = '1.6'
+module_pathname = '$libdir/citext'
+relocatable = true
+trusted = true
diff --git a/contrib/citext/expected/citext.out b/contrib/citext/expected/citext.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96800be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/citext/expected/citext.out
@@ -0,0 +1,2717 @@
+--
+--  Test citext datatype
+--
+CREATE EXTENSION citext;
+-- Check whether any of our opclasses fail amvalidate
+SELECT amname, opcname
+FROM pg_opclass opc LEFT JOIN pg_am am ON am.oid = opcmethod
+WHERE opc.oid >= 16384 AND NOT amvalidate(opc.oid);
+ amname | opcname 
+--------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Test the operators and indexing functions
+-- Test = and <>.
+SELECT 'a'::citext = 'a'::citext AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext = 'A'::citext AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext = 'A'::text AS f;        -- text wins the discussion
+ f 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext = 'b'::citext AS f;
+ f 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext = 'ab'::citext AS f;
+ f 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext <> 'ab'::citext AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Multibyte sanity tests. Uncomment to run.
+-- SELECT 'À'::citext =  'À'::citext AS t;
+-- SELECT 'À'::citext =  'à'::citext AS t;
+-- SELECT 'À'::text   =  'à'::text   AS f; -- text wins.
+-- SELECT 'À'::citext <> 'B'::citext AS t;
+-- Test combining characters making up canonically equivalent strings.
+-- SELECT 'Ä'::text   <> 'Ä'::text   AS t;
+-- SELECT 'Ä'::citext <> 'Ä'::citext AS t;
+-- Test the Turkish dotted I. The lowercase is a single byte while the
+-- uppercase is multibyte. This is why the comparison code can't be optimized
+-- to compare string lengths.
+-- SELECT 'i'::citext = 'İ'::citext AS t;
+-- Regression.
+-- SELECT 'láska'::citext <> 'laská'::citext AS t;
+-- SELECT 'Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext = 'Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext AS t;
+-- SELECT 'Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext = 'ASK BJØRN HANSEN'::citext AS t;
+-- SELECT 'Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext <> 'Ask Bjorn Hansen'::citext AS t;
+-- SELECT 'Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext <> 'ASK BJORN HANSEN'::citext AS t;
+-- SELECT citext_cmp('Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext, 'Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext) AS zero;
+-- SELECT citext_cmp('Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext, 'ask bjørn hansen'::citext) AS zero;
+-- SELECT citext_cmp('Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext, 'ASK BJØRN HANSEN'::citext) AS zero;
+-- SELECT citext_cmp('Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext, 'Ask Bjorn Hansen'::citext) AS positive;
+-- SELECT citext_cmp('Ask Bjorn Hansen'::citext, 'Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext) AS negative;
+-- Test > and >=
+SELECT 'B'::citext > 'a'::citext AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'b'::citext >  'A'::citext AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'B'::citext >  'b'::citext AS f;
+ f 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'B'::citext >= 'b'::citext AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test < and <=
+SELECT 'a'::citext <  'B'::citext AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext <= 'B'::citext AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test implicit casting. citext casts to text, but not vice-versa.
+SELECT 'a'::citext = 'a'::text   AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'A'::text  <> 'a'::citext AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'B'::citext <  'a'::text AS t;  -- text wins.
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'B'::citext <= 'a'::text AS t;  -- text wins.
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext >  'B'::text AS t;  -- text wins.
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext >= 'B'::text AS t;  -- text wins.
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test implicit casting. citext casts to varchar, but not vice-versa.
+SELECT 'a'::citext = 'a'::varchar   AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'A'::varchar  <> 'a'::citext AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'B'::citext <  'a'::varchar AS t;  -- varchar wins.
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'B'::citext <= 'a'::varchar AS t;  -- varchar wins.
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext >  'B'::varchar AS t;  -- varchar wins.
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext >= 'B'::varchar AS t;  -- varchar wins.
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- A couple of longer examples to ensure that we don't get any issues with bad
+-- conversions to char[] in the c code. Yes, I did do this.
+SELECT 'aardvark'::citext = 'aardvark'::citext AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'aardvark'::citext = 'aardVark'::citext AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check the citext_cmp() function explicitly.
+SELECT citext_cmp('aardvark'::citext, 'aardvark'::citext) AS zero;
+ zero 
+------
+    0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_cmp('aardvark'::citext, 'aardVark'::citext) AS zero;
+ zero 
+------
+    0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_cmp('AARDVARK'::citext, 'AARDVARK'::citext) AS zero;
+ zero 
+------
+    0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_cmp('B'::citext, 'a'::citext) > 0 AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check the citext_hash() and citext_hash_extended() function explicitly.
+SELECT v as value, citext_hash(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       citext_hash_extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       citext_hash_extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (NULL::citext), ('PostgreSQL'), ('eIpUEtqmY89'), ('AXKEJBTK'),
+       ('muop28x03'), ('yi3nm0d73')) x(v)
+WHERE  citext_hash(v)::bit(32) != citext_hash_extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR citext_hash(v)::bit(32) = citext_hash_extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+ value | standard | extended0 | extended1 
+-------+----------+-----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Do some tests using a table and index.
+CREATE TEMP TABLE try (
+   name citext PRIMARY KEY
+);
+INSERT INTO try (name)
+VALUES ('a'), ('ab'), ('â'), ('aba'), ('b'), ('ba'), ('bab'), ('AZ');
+SELECT name, 'a' = name AS eq_a   FROM try WHERE name <> 'â';
+ name | eq_a 
+------+------
+ a    | t
+ ab   | f
+ aba  | f
+ b    | f
+ ba   | f
+ bab  | f
+ AZ   | f
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT name, 'a' = name AS t      FROM try where name = 'a';
+ name | t 
+------+---
+ a    | t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT name, 'A' = name AS "eq_A" FROM try WHERE name <> 'â';
+ name | eq_A 
+------+------
+ a    | t
+ ab   | f
+ aba  | f
+ b    | f
+ ba   | f
+ bab  | f
+ AZ   | f
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT name, 'A' = name AS t      FROM try where name = 'A';
+ name | t 
+------+---
+ a    | t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT name, 'A' = name AS t      FROM try where name = 'A';
+ name | t 
+------+---
+ a    | t
+(1 row)
+
+-- expected failures on duplicate key
+INSERT INTO try (name) VALUES ('a');
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "try_pkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (name)=(a) already exists.
+INSERT INTO try (name) VALUES ('A');
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "try_pkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (name)=(A) already exists.
+INSERT INTO try (name) VALUES ('aB');
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "try_pkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (name)=(aB) already exists.
+-- Make sure that citext_smaller() and citext_larger() work properly.
+SELECT citext_smaller( 'ab'::citext, 'ac'::citext ) = 'ab' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_smaller( 'ABC'::citext, 'bbbb'::citext ) = 'ABC' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_smaller( 'aardvark'::citext, 'Aaba'::citext ) = 'Aaba' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_smaller( 'aardvark'::citext, 'AARDVARK'::citext ) = 'AARDVARK' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_larger( 'ab'::citext, 'ac'::citext ) = 'ac' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_larger( 'ABC'::citext, 'bbbb'::citext ) = 'bbbb' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_larger( 'aardvark'::citext, 'Aaba'::citext ) = 'aardvark' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test aggregate functions and sort ordering
+CREATE TEMP TABLE srt (
+   name CITEXT
+);
+INSERT INTO srt (name)
+VALUES ('abb'),
+       ('ABA'),
+       ('ABC'),
+       ('abd');
+CREATE INDEX srt_name ON srt (name);
+-- Check the min() and max() aggregates, with and without index.
+set enable_seqscan = off;
+SELECT MIN(name) AS "ABA" FROM srt;
+ ABA 
+-----
+ ABA
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT MAX(name) AS abd FROM srt;
+ abd 
+-----
+ abd
+(1 row)
+
+reset enable_seqscan;
+set enable_indexscan = off;
+SELECT MIN(name) AS "ABA" FROM srt;
+ ABA 
+-----
+ ABA
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT MAX(name) AS abd FROM srt;
+ abd 
+-----
+ abd
+(1 row)
+
+reset enable_indexscan;
+-- Check sorting likewise
+set enable_seqscan = off;
+SELECT name FROM srt ORDER BY name;
+ name 
+------
+ ABA
+ abb
+ ABC
+ abd
+(4 rows)
+
+reset enable_seqscan;
+set enable_indexscan = off;
+SELECT name FROM srt ORDER BY name;
+ name 
+------
+ ABA
+ abb
+ ABC
+ abd
+(4 rows)
+
+reset enable_indexscan;
+-- Test assignment casts.
+SELECT LOWER(name) as aba FROM srt WHERE name = 'ABA'::text;
+ aba 
+-----
+ aba
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT LOWER(name) as aba FROM srt WHERE name = 'ABA'::varchar;
+ aba 
+-----
+ aba
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT LOWER(name) as aba FROM srt WHERE name = 'ABA'::bpchar;
+ aba 
+-----
+ aba
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT LOWER(name) as aba FROM srt WHERE name = 'ABA';
+ aba 
+-----
+ aba
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT LOWER(name) as aba FROM srt WHERE name = 'ABA'::citext;
+ aba 
+-----
+ aba
+(1 row)
+
+-- LIKE should be case-insensitive
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name     LIKE '%a%' ORDER BY name;
+ name 
+------
+ ABA
+ abb
+ ABC
+ abd
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name NOT LIKE '%b%' ORDER BY name;
+ name 
+------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name     LIKE '%A%' ORDER BY name;
+ name 
+------
+ ABA
+ abb
+ ABC
+ abd
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name NOT LIKE '%B%' ORDER BY name;
+ name 
+------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- ~~ should be case-insensitive
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name ~~  '%a%' ORDER BY name;
+ name 
+------
+ ABA
+ abb
+ ABC
+ abd
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name !~~ '%b%' ORDER BY name;
+ name 
+------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name ~~  '%A%' ORDER BY name;
+ name 
+------
+ ABA
+ abb
+ ABC
+ abd
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name !~~ '%B%' ORDER BY name;
+ name 
+------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- ~ should be case-insensitive
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name ~  '^a' ORDER BY name;
+ name 
+------
+ ABA
+ abb
+ ABC
+ abd
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name !~ 'a$' ORDER BY name;
+ name 
+------
+ abb
+ ABC
+ abd
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name ~  '^A' ORDER BY name;
+ name 
+------
+ ABA
+ abb
+ ABC
+ abd
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name !~ 'A$' ORDER BY name;
+ name 
+------
+ abb
+ ABC
+ abd
+(3 rows)
+
+-- SIMILAR TO should be case-insensitive.
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name SIMILAR TO '%a.*';
+ name 
+------
+ ABA
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name SIMILAR TO '%A.*';
+ name 
+------
+ ABA
+(1 row)
+
+-- Explicit casts.
+SELECT true::citext = 'true' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'true'::citext::boolean = true AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 4::citext = '4' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 4::int4::citext = '4' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '4'::citext::int4 = 4 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 4::integer::citext = '4' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '4'::citext::integer = 4 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 4::int8::citext = '4' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '4'::citext::int8 = 4 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 4::bigint::citext = '4' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '4'::citext::bigint = 4 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 4::int2::citext = '4' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '4'::citext::int2 = 4 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 4::smallint::citext = '4' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '4'::citext::smallint = 4 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 4.0::numeric = '4.0' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '4.0'::citext::numeric = 4.0 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 4.0::decimal = '4.0' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '4.0'::citext::decimal = 4.0 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 4.0::real = '4.0' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '4.0'::citext::real = 4.0 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 4.0::float4 = '4.0' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '4.0'::citext::float4 = 4.0 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 4.0::double precision = '4.0' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '4.0'::citext::double precision = 4.0 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 4.0::float8 = '4.0' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '4.0'::citext::float8 = 4.0 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'foo'::name::citext = 'foo' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'foo'::citext::name = 'foo'::name AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'f'::char::citext = 'f' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'f'::citext::char = 'f'::char AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'f'::"char"::citext = 'f' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'f'::citext::"char" = 'f'::"char" AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '100'::money::citext = '$100.00' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '100'::citext::money = '100'::money AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::char::citext = 'a' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext::char = 'a'::char AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'foo'::varchar::citext = 'foo' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'foo'::citext::varchar = 'foo'::varchar AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'foo'::text::citext = 'foo' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'foo'::citext::text = 'foo'::text AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '192.168.100.128/25'::cidr::citext = '192.168.100.128/25' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '192.168.100.128/25'::citext::cidr = '192.168.100.128/25'::cidr AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '192.168.100.128'::inet::citext = '192.168.100.128/32' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '192.168.100.128'::citext::inet = '192.168.100.128'::inet AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '08:00:2b:01:02:03'::macaddr::citext = '08:00:2b:01:02:03' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '08:00:2b:01:02:03'::citext::macaddr = '08:00:2b:01:02:03'::macaddr AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamp::citext = '1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamp::text AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1999-01-08 04:05:06'::citext::timestamp = '1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamp AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamptz::citext = '1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamptz::text AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1999-01-08 04:05:06'::citext::timestamptz = '1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamptz AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1 hour'::interval::citext = '1 hour'::interval::text AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1 hour'::citext::interval = '1 hour'::interval AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1999-01-08'::date::citext = '1999-01-08'::date::text AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1999-01-08'::citext::date = '1999-01-08'::date AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '04:05:06'::time::citext = '04:05:06' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '04:05:06'::citext::time = '04:05:06'::time AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '04:05:06'::timetz::citext = '04:05:06'::timetz::text AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '04:05:06'::citext::timetz = '04:05:06'::timetz AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '( 1 , 1)'::point::citext = '(1,1)' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '( 1 , 1)'::citext::point ~= '(1,1)'::point AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '( 1 , 1 ) , ( 2 , 2 )'::lseg::citext = '[(1,1),(2,2)]' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '( 1 , 1 ) , ( 2 , 2 )'::citext::lseg = '[(1,1),(2,2)]'::lseg AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '( 0 , 0 ) , ( 1 , 1 )'::box::citext = '(0,0),(1,1)'::box::text AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '( 0 , 0 ) , ( 1 , 1 )'::citext::box ~= '(0,0),(1,1)'::text::box AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))'::path::citext = '((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))'::citext::path = '((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))'::path AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '((0,0),(1,1))'::polygon::citext = '((0,0),(1,1))' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '((0,0),(1,1))'::citext::polygon ~= '((0,0),(1,1))'::polygon AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '((0,0),2)'::circle::citext = '((0,0),2)'::circle::text AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '((0,0),2)'::citext::circle ~= '((0,0),2)'::text::circle AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '101'::bit::citext = '101'::bit::text AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '101'::citext::bit = '101'::text::bit AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '101'::bit varying::citext = '101'::bit varying::text AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '101'::citext::bit varying = '101'::text::bit varying AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a fat cat'::tsvector::citext = '''a'' ''cat'' ''fat''' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a fat cat'::citext::tsvector = 'a fat cat'::tsvector AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'fat & rat'::tsquery::citext = '''fat'' & ''rat''' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'fat & rat'::citext::tsquery = 'fat & rat'::tsquery AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11'::uuid::citext = 'a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11'::citext::uuid = 'a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11'::uuid AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE TYPE mood AS ENUM ('sad', 'ok', 'happy');
+SELECT 'sad'::mood::citext = 'sad' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'sad'::citext::mood = 'sad'::mood AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Assignment casts.
+CREATE TABLE caster (
+    citext      citext,
+    text        text,
+    varchar     varchar,
+    bpchar      bpchar,
+    char        char,
+    chr         "char",
+    name        name,
+    bytea       bytea,
+    boolean     boolean,
+    float4      float4,
+    float8      float8,
+    numeric     numeric,
+    int8        int8,
+    int4        int4,
+    int2        int2,
+    cidr        cidr,
+    inet        inet,
+    macaddr     macaddr,
+    money       money,
+    timestamp   timestamp,
+    timestamptz timestamptz,
+    interval    interval,
+    date        date,
+    time        time,
+    timetz      timetz,
+    point       point,
+    lseg        lseg,
+    box         box,
+    path        path,
+    polygon     polygon,
+    circle      circle,
+    bit         bit,
+    bitv        bit varying,
+    tsvector    tsvector,
+    tsquery     tsquery,
+    uuid        uuid
+);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('foo'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('foo'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (varchar)       VALUES ('foo'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('foo'::varchar);
+INSERT INTO caster (varchar)       VALUES ('foo'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('foo'::varchar);
+INSERT INTO caster (bpchar)        VALUES ('foo'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('foo'::bpchar);
+INSERT INTO caster (bpchar)        VALUES ('foo'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('foo'::bpchar);
+INSERT INTO caster (char)          VALUES ('f'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('f'::char);
+INSERT INTO caster (char)          VALUES ('f'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('f'::char);
+INSERT INTO caster (chr)           VALUES ('f'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('f'::"char");
+INSERT INTO caster (chr)           VALUES ('f'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('f'::"char");
+INSERT INTO caster (name)          VALUES ('foo'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('foo'::name);
+INSERT INTO caster (name)          VALUES ('foo'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('foo'::name);
+-- Cannot cast to bytea on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (bytea)         VALUES ('foo'::text);
+ERROR:  column "bytea" is of type bytea but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (bytea)         VALUES ('foo'::text);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('foo'::bytea);
+INSERT INTO caster (bytea)         VALUES ('foo'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "bytea" is of type bytea but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (bytea)         VALUES ('foo'::citext);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('foo'::bytea);
+-- Cannot cast to boolean on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (boolean)       VALUES ('t'::text);
+ERROR:  column "boolean" is of type boolean but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (boolean)       VALUES ('t'::text);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('t'::boolean);
+INSERT INTO caster (boolean)       VALUES ('t'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "boolean" is of type boolean but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (boolean)       VALUES ('t'::citext);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('t'::boolean);
+-- Cannot cast to float8 on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (float8)        VALUES ('12.42'::text);
+ERROR:  column "float8" is of type double precision but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (float8)        VALUES ('12.42'::text);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('12.42'::float8);
+INSERT INTO caster (float8)        VALUES ('12.42'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "float8" is of type double precision but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (float8)        VALUES ('12.42'::citext);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('12.42'::float8);
+-- Cannot cast to float4 on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (float4)        VALUES ('12.42'::text);
+ERROR:  column "float4" is of type real but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (float4)        VALUES ('12.42'::text);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('12.42'::float4);
+INSERT INTO caster (float4)        VALUES ('12.42'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "float4" is of type real but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (float4)        VALUES ('12.42'::citext);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('12.42'::float4);
+-- Cannot cast to numeric on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (numeric)       VALUES ('12.42'::text);
+ERROR:  column "numeric" is of type numeric but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (numeric)       VALUES ('12.42'::text);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('12.42'::numeric);
+INSERT INTO caster (numeric)       VALUES ('12.42'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "numeric" is of type numeric but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (numeric)       VALUES ('12.42'::citext);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('12.42'::numeric);
+-- Cannot cast to int8 on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (int8)          VALUES ('12'::text);
+ERROR:  column "int8" is of type bigint but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (int8)          VALUES ('12'::text);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('12'::int8);
+INSERT INTO caster (int8)          VALUES ('12'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "int8" is of type bigint but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (int8)          VALUES ('12'::citext);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('12'::int8);
+-- Cannot cast to int4 on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (int4)          VALUES ('12'::text);
+ERROR:  column "int4" is of type integer but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (int4)          VALUES ('12'::text);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('12'::int4);
+INSERT INTO caster (int4)          VALUES ('12'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "int4" is of type integer but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (int4)          VALUES ('12'::citext);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('12'::int4);
+-- Cannot cast to int2 on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (int2)          VALUES ('12'::text);
+ERROR:  column "int2" is of type smallint but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (int2)          VALUES ('12'::text);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('12'::int2);
+INSERT INTO caster (int2)          VALUES ('12'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "int2" is of type smallint but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (int2)          VALUES ('12'::citext);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('12'::int2);
+-- Cannot cast to cidr on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (cidr)          VALUES ('192.168.100.128/25'::text);
+ERROR:  column "cidr" is of type cidr but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (cidr)          VALUES ('192.168.100.128/...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('192.168.100.128/25'::cidr);
+INSERT INTO caster (cidr)          VALUES ('192.168.100.128/25'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "cidr" is of type cidr but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (cidr)          VALUES ('192.168.100.128/...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('192.168.100.128/25'::cidr);
+-- Cannot cast to inet on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (inet)          VALUES ('192.168.100.128'::text);
+ERROR:  column "inet" is of type inet but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (inet)          VALUES ('192.168.100.128'...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('192.168.100.128'::inet);
+INSERT INTO caster (inet)          VALUES ('192.168.100.128'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "inet" is of type inet but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (inet)          VALUES ('192.168.100.128'...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('192.168.100.128'::inet);
+-- Cannot cast to macaddr on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (macaddr)       VALUES ('08:00:2b:01:02:03'::text);
+ERROR:  column "macaddr" is of type macaddr but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (macaddr)       VALUES ('08:00:2b:01:02:0...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('08:00:2b:01:02:03'::macaddr);
+INSERT INTO caster (macaddr)       VALUES ('08:00:2b:01:02:03'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "macaddr" is of type macaddr but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (macaddr)       VALUES ('08:00:2b:01:02:0...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('08:00:2b:01:02:03'::macaddr);
+-- Cannot cast to money on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (money)         VALUES ('12'::text);
+ERROR:  column "money" is of type money but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (money)         VALUES ('12'::text);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('12'::money);
+INSERT INTO caster (money)         VALUES ('12'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "money" is of type money but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (money)         VALUES ('12'::citext);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('12'::money);
+-- Cannot cast to timestamp on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (timestamp)     VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05:06'::text);
+ERROR:  column "timestamp" is of type timestamp without time zone but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (timestamp)     VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamp);
+INSERT INTO caster (timestamp)     VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05:06'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "timestamp" is of type timestamp without time zone but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (timestamp)     VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamp);
+-- Cannot cast to timestamptz on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (timestamptz)   VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05:06'::text);
+ERROR:  column "timestamptz" is of type timestamp with time zone but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (timestamptz)   VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamptz);
+INSERT INTO caster (timestamptz)   VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05:06'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "timestamptz" is of type timestamp with time zone but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (timestamptz)   VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamptz);
+-- Cannot cast to interval on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (interval)      VALUES ('1 hour'::text);
+ERROR:  column "interval" is of type interval but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (interval)      VALUES ('1 hour'::text);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('1 hour'::interval);
+INSERT INTO caster (interval)      VALUES ('1 hour'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "interval" is of type interval but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (interval)      VALUES ('1 hour'::citext)...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('1 hour'::interval);
+-- Cannot cast to date on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (date)          VALUES ('1999-01-08'::text);
+ERROR:  column "date" is of type date but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (date)          VALUES ('1999-01-08'::tex...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('1999-01-08'::date);
+INSERT INTO caster (date)          VALUES ('1999-01-08'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "date" is of type date but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (date)          VALUES ('1999-01-08'::cit...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('1999-01-08'::date);
+-- Cannot cast to time on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (time)          VALUES ('04:05:06'::text);
+ERROR:  column "time" is of type time without time zone but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (time)          VALUES ('04:05:06'::text)...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('04:05:06'::time);
+INSERT INTO caster (time)          VALUES ('04:05:06'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "time" is of type time without time zone but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (time)          VALUES ('04:05:06'::citex...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('04:05:06'::time);
+-- Cannot cast to timetz on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (timetz)        VALUES ('04:05:06'::text);
+ERROR:  column "timetz" is of type time with time zone but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (timetz)        VALUES ('04:05:06'::text)...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('04:05:06'::timetz);
+INSERT INTO caster (timetz)        VALUES ('04:05:06'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "timetz" is of type time with time zone but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (timetz)        VALUES ('04:05:06'::citex...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('04:05:06'::timetz);
+-- Cannot cast to point on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (point)         VALUES ('( 1 , 1)'::text);
+ERROR:  column "point" is of type point but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (point)         VALUES ('( 1 , 1)'::text)...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('( 1 , 1)'::point);
+INSERT INTO caster (point)         VALUES ('( 1 , 1)'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "point" is of type point but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (point)         VALUES ('( 1 , 1)'::citex...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('( 1 , 1)'::point);
+-- Cannot cast to lseg on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (lseg)          VALUES ('( 1 , 1 ) , ( 2 , 2 )'::text);
+ERROR:  column "lseg" is of type lseg but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (lseg)          VALUES ('( 1 , 1 ) , ( 2 ...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('( 1 , 1 ) , ( 2 , 2 )'::lseg);
+INSERT INTO caster (lseg)          VALUES ('( 1 , 1 ) , ( 2 , 2 )'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "lseg" is of type lseg but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (lseg)          VALUES ('( 1 , 1 ) , ( 2 ...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('( 1 , 1 ) , ( 2 , 2 )'::lseg);
+-- Cannot cast to box on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (box)           VALUES ('(0,0),(1,1)'::text);
+ERROR:  column "box" is of type box but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (box)           VALUES ('(0,0),(1,1)'::te...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('(0,0),(1,1)'::box);
+INSERT INTO caster (box)           VALUES ('(0,0),(1,1)'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "box" is of type box but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (box)           VALUES ('(0,0),(1,1)'::ci...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('(0,0),(1,1)'::box);
+-- Cannot cast to path on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (path)          VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))'::text);
+ERROR:  column "path" is of type path but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (path)          VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1),(2,...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))'::path);
+INSERT INTO caster (path)          VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "path" is of type path but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (path)          VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1),(2,...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))'::path);
+-- Cannot cast to polygon on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (polygon)       VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1))'::text);
+ERROR:  column "polygon" is of type polygon but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (polygon)       VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1))'::...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1))'::polygon);
+INSERT INTO caster (polygon)       VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1))'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "polygon" is of type polygon but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (polygon)       VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1))'::...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1))'::polygon);
+-- Cannot cast to circle on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (circle)        VALUES ('((0,0),2)'::text);
+ERROR:  column "circle" is of type circle but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (circle)        VALUES ('((0,0),2)'::text...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('((0,0),2)'::circle);
+INSERT INTO caster (circle)        VALUES ('((0,0),2)'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "circle" is of type circle but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (circle)        VALUES ('((0,0),2)'::cite...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('((0,0),2)'::circle);
+-- Cannot cast to bit on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (bit)           VALUES ('101'::text);
+ERROR:  column "bit" is of type bit but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (bit)           VALUES ('101'::text);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('101'::bit);
+INSERT INTO caster (bit)           VALUES ('101'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "bit" is of type bit but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (bit)           VALUES ('101'::citext);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('101'::bit);
+-- Cannot cast to bit varying on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (bitv)          VALUES ('101'::text);
+ERROR:  column "bitv" is of type bit varying but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (bitv)          VALUES ('101'::text);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('101'::bit varying);
+INSERT INTO caster (bitv)          VALUES ('101'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "bitv" is of type bit varying but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (bitv)          VALUES ('101'::citext);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('101'::bit varying);
+-- Cannot cast to tsvector on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (tsvector)      VALUES ('the fat cat'::text);
+ERROR:  column "tsvector" is of type tsvector but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (tsvector)      VALUES ('the fat cat'::te...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('the fat cat'::tsvector);
+INSERT INTO caster (tsvector)      VALUES ('the fat cat'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "tsvector" is of type tsvector but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (tsvector)      VALUES ('the fat cat'::ci...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('the fat cat'::tsvector);
+-- Cannot cast to tsquery on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (tsquery)       VALUES ('fat & rat'::text);
+ERROR:  column "tsquery" is of type tsquery but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (tsquery)       VALUES ('fat & rat'::text...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('fat & rat'::tsquery);
+INSERT INTO caster (tsquery)       VALUES ('fat & rat'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "tsquery" is of type tsquery but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (tsquery)       VALUES ('fat & rat'::cite...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('fat & rat'::tsquery);
+-- Cannot cast to uuid on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (uuid)          VALUES ('a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11'::text);
+ERROR:  column "uuid" is of type uuid but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (uuid)          VALUES ('a0eebc99-9c0b-4e...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11'::uuid);
+INSERT INTO caster (uuid)          VALUES ('a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "uuid" is of type uuid but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (uuid)          VALUES ('a0eebc99-9c0b-4e...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11'::uuid);
+-- Table 9-5. SQL String Functions and Operators
+SELECT 'D'::citext || 'avid'::citext = 'David'::citext AS citext_concat;
+ citext_concat 
+---------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'Value: '::citext || 42 = 'Value: 42' AS text_concat;
+ text_concat 
+-------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT  42 || ': value'::citext ='42: value' AS int_concat;
+ int_concat 
+------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT bit_length('jose'::citext) = 32 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT bit_length( name ) = bit_length( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT textlen( name ) = textlen( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT char_length( name ) = char_length( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT lower( name ) = lower( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT octet_length( name ) = octet_length( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT overlay( name placing 'hom' from 2 for 4) = overlay( name::text placing 'hom' from 2 for 4) AS t FROM srt;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT position( 'a' IN name ) = position( 'a' IN name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT substr('alphabet'::citext, 3)       = 'phabet' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT substr('alphabet'::citext, 3, 2)    = 'ph' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT substring('alphabet'::citext, 3)    = 'phabet' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT substring('alphabet'::citext, 3, 2) = 'ph' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT substring('Thomas'::citext from 2 for 3) = 'hom' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT substring('Thomas'::citext from 2) = 'homas' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT substring('Thomas'::citext from '...$') = 'mas' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT substring('Thomas'::citext from '%#"o_a#"_' for '#') = 'oma' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT trim('    trim    '::citext)               = 'trim' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT trim('xxxxxtrimxxxx'::citext, 'x'::citext) = 'trim' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT trim('xxxxxxtrimxxxx'::text,  'x'::citext) = 'trim' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT trim('xxxxxtrimxxxx'::text,   'x'::citext) = 'trim' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT upper( name ) = upper( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Table 9-6. Other String Functions.
+SELECT ascii( name ) = ascii( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT btrim('    trim'::citext                   ) = 'trim' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT btrim('xxxxxtrimxxxx'::citext, 'x'::citext ) = 'trim' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT btrim('xyxtrimyyx'::citext,    'xy'::citext) = 'trim' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT btrim('xyxtrimyyx'::text,      'xy'::citext) = 'trim' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT btrim('xyxtrimyyx'::citext,    'xy'::text  ) = 'trim' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- chr() takes an int and returns text.
+-- convert() and convert_from take bytea and return text.
+SELECT convert_from( name::bytea, 'SQL_ASCII' ) = convert_from( name::text::bytea, 'SQL_ASCII' ) AS t FROM srt;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT decode('MTIzAAE='::citext, 'base64') = decode('MTIzAAE='::text, 'base64') AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- encode() takes bytea and returns text.
+SELECT initcap('hi THOMAS'::citext) = initcap('hi THOMAS'::text) AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT length( name ) = length( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT lpad('hi'::citext, 5              ) = '   hi' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lpad('hi'::citext, 5, 'xy'::citext) = 'xyxhi' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lpad('hi'::text,   5, 'xy'::citext) = 'xyxhi' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lpad('hi'::citext, 5, 'xy'::text  ) = 'xyxhi' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ltrim('    trim'::citext               ) = 'trim' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ltrim('zzzytrim'::citext, 'xyz'::citext) = 'trim' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ltrim('zzzytrim'::text,   'xyz'::citext) = 'trim' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ltrim('zzzytrim'::citext, 'xyz'::text  ) = 'trim' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT md5( name ) = md5( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(4 rows)
+
+-- pg_client_encoding() takes no args and returns name.
+SELECT quote_ident( name ) = quote_ident( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT quote_literal( name ) = quote_literal( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT regexp_match('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(bar)(beque)') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_match('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_match('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext) = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_match('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, '') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_match('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)', '') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_match('foobarbequebaz', '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, '') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_match('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, ''::citext) = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- c forces case-sensitive
+SELECT regexp_match('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, 'c'::citext) = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS "no result";
+ no result 
+-----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- g is not allowed
+SELECT regexp_match('foobarbequebazmorebarbequetoo'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, 'g') AS "error";
+ERROR:  regexp_match() does not support the "global" option
+HINT:  Use the regexp_matches function instead.
+CONTEXT:  SQL function "regexp_match" statement 1
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(bar)(beque)') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext) = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, '') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)', '') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, '') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, ''::citext) = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- c forces case-sensitive
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, 'c'::citext) = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS "no rows";
+ no rows 
+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- g allows multiple output rows
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebazmorebarbequetoo'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, 'g'::citext) AS "two rows";
+  two rows   
+-------------
+ {bar,beque}
+ {bar,beque}
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT regexp_replace('Thomas'::citext, '.[mN]a.',         'M') = 'ThM' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_replace('Thomas'::citext, '.[MN]A.',         'M') = 'ThM' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_replace('Thomas',         '.[MN]A.'::citext, 'M') = 'ThM' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_replace('Thomas'::citext, '.[MN]A.'::citext, 'M') = 'ThM' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- c forces case-sensitive
+SELECT regexp_replace('Thomas'::citext, '.[MN]A.'::citext, 'M', 'c') = 'Thomas' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('hello world'::citext, E'\\s+') = ARRAY[ 'hello', 'world' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('helloTworld'::citext, 't') = ARRAY[ 'hello', 'world' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('helloTworld', 't'::citext) = ARRAY[ 'hello', 'world' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('helloTworld'::citext, 't'::citext) = ARRAY[ 'hello', 'world' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('helloTworld'::citext, 't', 's') = ARRAY[ 'hello', 'world' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('helloTworld', 't'::citext, 's') = ARRAY[ 'hello', 'world' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('helloTworld'::citext, 't'::citext, 's') = ARRAY[ 'hello', 'world' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- c forces case-sensitive
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('helloTworld'::citext, 't'::citext, 'c') = ARRAY[ 'helloTworld' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_split_to_table('hello world'::citext, E'\\s+') AS words;
+ words 
+-------
+ hello
+ world
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT regexp_split_to_table('helloTworld'::citext, 't') AS words;
+ words 
+-------
+ hello
+ world
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT regexp_split_to_table('helloTworld',         't'::citext) AS words;
+ words 
+-------
+ hello
+ world
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT regexp_split_to_table('helloTworld'::citext, 't'::citext) AS words;
+ words 
+-------
+ hello
+ world
+(2 rows)
+
+-- c forces case-sensitive
+SELECT regexp_split_to_table('helloTworld'::citext, 't'::citext, 'c') AS word;
+    word     
+-------------
+ helloTworld
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT repeat('Pg'::citext, 4) = 'PgPgPgPg' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT replace('abcdefabcdef'::citext, 'cd', 'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT replace('abcdefabcdef'::citext, 'CD', 'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT replace('ab^is$abcdef'::citext, '^is$', 'XX') = 'abXXabcdef' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT replace('abcdefabcdef', 'cd'::citext, 'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT replace('abcdefabcdef', 'CD'::citext, 'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT replace('ab^is$abcdef', '^is$'::citext, 'XX') = 'abXXabcdef' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT replace('abcdefabcdef'::citext, 'cd'::citext, 'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT replace('abcdefabcdef'::citext, 'CD'::citext, 'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT replace('ab^is$abcdef'::citext, '^is$'::citext, 'XX') = 'abXXabcdef' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT rpad('hi'::citext, 5              ) = 'hi   ' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT rpad('hi'::citext, 5, 'xy'::citext) = 'hixyx' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT rpad('hi'::text,   5, 'xy'::citext) = 'hixyx' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT rpad('hi'::citext, 5, 'xy'::text  ) = 'hixyx' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT rtrim('trim    '::citext             ) = 'trim' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT rtrim('trimxxxx'::citext, 'x'::citext) = 'trim' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT rtrim('trimxxxx'::text,   'x'::citext) = 'trim' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT rtrim('trimxxxx'::text,   'x'::text  ) = 'trim' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT split_part('abc~@~def~@~ghi'::citext, '~@~', 2) = 'def' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT split_part('abcTdefTghi'::citext, 't', 2) = 'def' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT split_part('abcTdefTghi'::citext, 't'::citext, 2) = 'def' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT split_part('abcTdefTghi', 't'::citext, 2) = 'def' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT strpos('high'::citext, 'gh'        ) = 3 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT strpos('high',         'gh'::citext) = 3 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT strpos('high'::citext, 'gh'::citext) = 3 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT strpos('high'::citext, 'GH'        ) = 3 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT strpos('high',         'GH'::citext) = 3 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT strpos('high'::citext, 'GH'::citext) = 3 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- to_ascii() does not support UTF-8.
+-- to_hex() takes a numeric argument.
+SELECT substr('alphabet', 3, 2) = 'ph' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT translate('abcdefabcdef'::citext, 'cd',         'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT translate('abcdefabcdef'::citext, 'CD',         'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT translate('abcdefabcdef'::citext, 'CD'::citext, 'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT translate('abcdefabcdef',         'CD'::citext, 'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Table 9-20. Formatting Functions
+SELECT to_date('05 Dec 2000'::citext, 'DD Mon YYYY'::citext)
+     = to_date('05 Dec 2000',         'DD Mon YYYY') AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_date('05 Dec 2000'::citext, 'DD Mon YYYY')
+     = to_date('05 Dec 2000',         'DD Mon YYYY') AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_date('05 Dec 2000',         'DD Mon YYYY'::citext)
+     = to_date('05 Dec 2000',         'DD Mon YYYY') AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_number('12,454.8-'::citext, '99G999D9S'::citext)
+     = to_number('12,454.8-',         '99G999D9S') AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_number('12,454.8-'::citext, '99G999D9S')
+     = to_number('12,454.8-',         '99G999D9S') AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_number('12,454.8-',         '99G999D9S'::citext)
+     = to_number('12,454.8-',         '99G999D9S') AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('05 Dec 2000'::citext, 'DD Mon YYYY'::citext)
+     = to_timestamp('05 Dec 2000',         'DD Mon YYYY') AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('05 Dec 2000'::citext, 'DD Mon YYYY')
+     = to_timestamp('05 Dec 2000',         'DD Mon YYYY') AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('05 Dec 2000',         'DD Mon YYYY'::citext)
+     = to_timestamp('05 Dec 2000',         'DD Mon YYYY') AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Try assigning function results to a column.
+SELECT COUNT(*) = 8::bigint AS t FROM try;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO try
+VALUES ( to_char(  now()::timestamp,          'HH12:MI:SS') ),
+       ( to_char(  now() + '1 sec'::interval, 'HH12:MI:SS') ), -- timetamptz
+       ( to_char(  '15h 2m 12s'::interval,    'HH24:MI:SS') ),
+       ( to_char(  current_date,              '999') ),
+       ( to_char(  125::int,                  '999') ),
+       ( to_char(  127::int4,                 '999') ),
+       ( to_char(  126::int8,                 '999') ),
+       ( to_char(  128.8::real,               '999D9') ),
+       ( to_char(  125.7::float4,             '999D9') ),
+       ( to_char(  125.9::float8,             '999D9') ),
+       ( to_char( -125.8::numeric,            '999D99S') );
+SELECT COUNT(*) = 19::bigint AS t FROM try;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT like_escape( name, '' ) = like_escape( name::text, '' ) AS t FROM srt;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT like_escape( name::text, ''::citext ) = like_escape( name::text, '' ) AS t FROM srt;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Ensure correct behavior for citext with materialized views.
+CREATE TABLE citext_table (
+  id serial primary key,
+  name citext
+);
+INSERT INTO citext_table (name)
+  VALUES ('one'), ('two'), ('three'), (NULL), (NULL);
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW citext_matview AS
+  SELECT * FROM citext_table;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX citext_matview_id
+  ON citext_matview (id);
+SELECT *
+  FROM citext_matview m
+  FULL JOIN citext_table t ON (t.id = m.id AND t *= m)
+  WHERE t.id IS NULL OR m.id IS NULL;
+ id | name | id | name 
+----+------+----+------
+(0 rows)
+
+UPDATE citext_table SET name = 'Two' WHERE name = 'TWO';
+SELECT *
+  FROM citext_matview m
+  FULL JOIN citext_table t ON (t.id = m.id AND t *= m)
+  WHERE t.id IS NULL OR m.id IS NULL;
+ id | name | id | name 
+----+------+----+------
+    |      |  2 | Two
+  2 | two  |    | 
+(2 rows)
+
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY citext_matview;
+SELECT * FROM citext_matview ORDER BY id;
+ id | name  
+----+-------
+  1 | one
+  2 | Two
+  3 | three
+  4 | 
+  5 | 
+(5 rows)
+
+-- test citext_pattern_cmp() function explicitly.
+SELECT citext_pattern_cmp('aardvark'::citext, 'aardvark'::citext) AS zero;
+ zero 
+------
+    0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_cmp('aardvark'::citext, 'aardVark'::citext) AS zero;
+ zero 
+------
+    0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_cmp('AARDVARK'::citext, 'AARDVARK'::citext) AS zero;
+ zero 
+------
+    0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_cmp('B'::citext, 'a'::citext) > 0 AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_cmp('a'::citext, 'B'::citext) < 0 AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_cmp('A'::citext, 'b'::citext) < 0 AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_cmp('ABCD'::citext, 'abc'::citext) > 0 AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_cmp('ABC'::citext, 'abcd'::citext) < 0 AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- test operator functions
+-- lt
+SELECT citext_pattern_lt('a'::citext, 'b'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_lt('A'::citext, 'b'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_lt('a'::citext, 'B'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_lt('b'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_lt('B'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_lt('b'::citext, 'A'::citext) AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- le
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('a'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('a'::citext, 'A'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('A'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('A'::citext, 'A'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('a'::citext, 'B'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('A'::citext, 'b'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('a'::citext, 'B'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('b'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('B'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('b'::citext, 'A'::citext) AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- gt
+SELECT citext_pattern_gt('a'::citext, 'b'::citext) AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_gt('A'::citext, 'b'::citext) AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_gt('a'::citext, 'B'::citext) AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_gt('b'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_gt('B'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_gt('b'::citext, 'A'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- ge
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('a'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('a'::citext, 'A'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('A'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('A'::citext, 'A'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('a'::citext, 'B'::citext) AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('A'::citext, 'b'::citext) AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('a'::citext, 'B'::citext) AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('b'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('B'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('b'::citext, 'A'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Multi-byte tests below are disabled like the sanity tests above.
+-- Uncomment to run them.
+-- Test ~<~ and ~<=~
+SELECT 'a'::citext ~<~  'B'::citext AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'b'::citext ~<~  'A'::citext AS f;
+ f 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- SELECT 'à'::citext ~<~  'À'::citext AS f;
+SELECT 'a'::citext ~<=~ 'B'::citext AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext ~<=~ 'A'::citext AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- SELECT 'à'::citext ~<=~ 'À'::citext AS t;
+-- Test ~>~ and ~>=~
+SELECT 'B'::citext ~>~  'a'::citext AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'b'::citext ~>~  'A'::citext AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- SELECT 'à'::citext ~>~  'À'::citext AS f;
+SELECT 'B'::citext ~>~  'b'::citext AS f;
+ f 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'B'::citext ~>=~ 'b'::citext AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- SELECT 'à'::citext ~>=~ 'À'::citext AS t;
+-- Test implicit casting. citext casts to text, but not vice-versa.
+SELECT 'B'::citext ~<~  'a'::text AS t;  -- text wins.
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'B'::citext ~<=~ 'a'::text AS t;  -- text wins.
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext ~>~  'B'::text AS t;  -- text wins.
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext ~>=~ 'B'::text AS t;  -- text wins.
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test implicit casting. citext casts to varchar, but not vice-versa.
+SELECT 'B'::citext ~<~  'a'::varchar AS t;  -- varchar wins.
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'B'::citext ~<=~ 'a'::varchar AS t;  -- varchar wins.
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext ~>~  'B'::varchar AS t;  -- varchar wins.
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext ~>=~ 'B'::varchar AS t;  -- varchar wins.
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/contrib/citext/expected/citext_1.out b/contrib/citext/expected/citext_1.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33e3676
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/citext/expected/citext_1.out
@@ -0,0 +1,2717 @@
+--
+--  Test citext datatype
+--
+CREATE EXTENSION citext;
+-- Check whether any of our opclasses fail amvalidate
+SELECT amname, opcname
+FROM pg_opclass opc LEFT JOIN pg_am am ON am.oid = opcmethod
+WHERE opc.oid >= 16384 AND NOT amvalidate(opc.oid);
+ amname | opcname 
+--------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Test the operators and indexing functions
+-- Test = and <>.
+SELECT 'a'::citext = 'a'::citext AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext = 'A'::citext AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext = 'A'::text AS f;        -- text wins the discussion
+ f 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext = 'b'::citext AS f;
+ f 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext = 'ab'::citext AS f;
+ f 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext <> 'ab'::citext AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Multibyte sanity tests. Uncomment to run.
+-- SELECT 'À'::citext =  'À'::citext AS t;
+-- SELECT 'À'::citext =  'à'::citext AS t;
+-- SELECT 'À'::text   =  'à'::text   AS f; -- text wins.
+-- SELECT 'À'::citext <> 'B'::citext AS t;
+-- Test combining characters making up canonically equivalent strings.
+-- SELECT 'Ä'::text   <> 'Ä'::text   AS t;
+-- SELECT 'Ä'::citext <> 'Ä'::citext AS t;
+-- Test the Turkish dotted I. The lowercase is a single byte while the
+-- uppercase is multibyte. This is why the comparison code can't be optimized
+-- to compare string lengths.
+-- SELECT 'i'::citext = 'İ'::citext AS t;
+-- Regression.
+-- SELECT 'láska'::citext <> 'laská'::citext AS t;
+-- SELECT 'Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext = 'Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext AS t;
+-- SELECT 'Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext = 'ASK BJØRN HANSEN'::citext AS t;
+-- SELECT 'Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext <> 'Ask Bjorn Hansen'::citext AS t;
+-- SELECT 'Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext <> 'ASK BJORN HANSEN'::citext AS t;
+-- SELECT citext_cmp('Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext, 'Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext) AS zero;
+-- SELECT citext_cmp('Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext, 'ask bjørn hansen'::citext) AS zero;
+-- SELECT citext_cmp('Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext, 'ASK BJØRN HANSEN'::citext) AS zero;
+-- SELECT citext_cmp('Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext, 'Ask Bjorn Hansen'::citext) AS positive;
+-- SELECT citext_cmp('Ask Bjorn Hansen'::citext, 'Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext) AS negative;
+-- Test > and >=
+SELECT 'B'::citext > 'a'::citext AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'b'::citext >  'A'::citext AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'B'::citext >  'b'::citext AS f;
+ f 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'B'::citext >= 'b'::citext AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test < and <=
+SELECT 'a'::citext <  'B'::citext AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext <= 'B'::citext AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test implicit casting. citext casts to text, but not vice-versa.
+SELECT 'a'::citext = 'a'::text   AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'A'::text  <> 'a'::citext AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'B'::citext <  'a'::text AS t;  -- text wins.
+ t 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'B'::citext <= 'a'::text AS t;  -- text wins.
+ t 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext >  'B'::text AS t;  -- text wins.
+ t 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext >= 'B'::text AS t;  -- text wins.
+ t 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test implicit casting. citext casts to varchar, but not vice-versa.
+SELECT 'a'::citext = 'a'::varchar   AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'A'::varchar  <> 'a'::citext AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'B'::citext <  'a'::varchar AS t;  -- varchar wins.
+ t 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'B'::citext <= 'a'::varchar AS t;  -- varchar wins.
+ t 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext >  'B'::varchar AS t;  -- varchar wins.
+ t 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext >= 'B'::varchar AS t;  -- varchar wins.
+ t 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- A couple of longer examples to ensure that we don't get any issues with bad
+-- conversions to char[] in the c code. Yes, I did do this.
+SELECT 'aardvark'::citext = 'aardvark'::citext AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'aardvark'::citext = 'aardVark'::citext AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check the citext_cmp() function explicitly.
+SELECT citext_cmp('aardvark'::citext, 'aardvark'::citext) AS zero;
+ zero 
+------
+    0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_cmp('aardvark'::citext, 'aardVark'::citext) AS zero;
+ zero 
+------
+    0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_cmp('AARDVARK'::citext, 'AARDVARK'::citext) AS zero;
+ zero 
+------
+    0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_cmp('B'::citext, 'a'::citext) > 0 AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check the citext_hash() and citext_hash_extended() function explicitly.
+SELECT v as value, citext_hash(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       citext_hash_extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       citext_hash_extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (NULL::citext), ('PostgreSQL'), ('eIpUEtqmY89'), ('AXKEJBTK'),
+       ('muop28x03'), ('yi3nm0d73')) x(v)
+WHERE  citext_hash(v)::bit(32) != citext_hash_extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR citext_hash(v)::bit(32) = citext_hash_extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+ value | standard | extended0 | extended1 
+-------+----------+-----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Do some tests using a table and index.
+CREATE TEMP TABLE try (
+   name citext PRIMARY KEY
+);
+INSERT INTO try (name)
+VALUES ('a'), ('ab'), ('â'), ('aba'), ('b'), ('ba'), ('bab'), ('AZ');
+SELECT name, 'a' = name AS eq_a   FROM try WHERE name <> 'â';
+ name | eq_a 
+------+------
+ a    | t
+ ab   | f
+ aba  | f
+ b    | f
+ ba   | f
+ bab  | f
+ AZ   | f
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT name, 'a' = name AS t      FROM try where name = 'a';
+ name | t 
+------+---
+ a    | t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT name, 'A' = name AS "eq_A" FROM try WHERE name <> 'â';
+ name | eq_A 
+------+------
+ a    | t
+ ab   | f
+ aba  | f
+ b    | f
+ ba   | f
+ bab  | f
+ AZ   | f
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT name, 'A' = name AS t      FROM try where name = 'A';
+ name | t 
+------+---
+ a    | t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT name, 'A' = name AS t      FROM try where name = 'A';
+ name | t 
+------+---
+ a    | t
+(1 row)
+
+-- expected failures on duplicate key
+INSERT INTO try (name) VALUES ('a');
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "try_pkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (name)=(a) already exists.
+INSERT INTO try (name) VALUES ('A');
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "try_pkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (name)=(A) already exists.
+INSERT INTO try (name) VALUES ('aB');
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "try_pkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (name)=(aB) already exists.
+-- Make sure that citext_smaller() and citext_larger() work properly.
+SELECT citext_smaller( 'ab'::citext, 'ac'::citext ) = 'ab' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_smaller( 'ABC'::citext, 'bbbb'::citext ) = 'ABC' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_smaller( 'aardvark'::citext, 'Aaba'::citext ) = 'Aaba' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_smaller( 'aardvark'::citext, 'AARDVARK'::citext ) = 'AARDVARK' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_larger( 'ab'::citext, 'ac'::citext ) = 'ac' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_larger( 'ABC'::citext, 'bbbb'::citext ) = 'bbbb' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_larger( 'aardvark'::citext, 'Aaba'::citext ) = 'aardvark' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test aggregate functions and sort ordering
+CREATE TEMP TABLE srt (
+   name CITEXT
+);
+INSERT INTO srt (name)
+VALUES ('abb'),
+       ('ABA'),
+       ('ABC'),
+       ('abd');
+CREATE INDEX srt_name ON srt (name);
+-- Check the min() and max() aggregates, with and without index.
+set enable_seqscan = off;
+SELECT MIN(name) AS "ABA" FROM srt;
+ ABA 
+-----
+ ABA
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT MAX(name) AS abd FROM srt;
+ abd 
+-----
+ abd
+(1 row)
+
+reset enable_seqscan;
+set enable_indexscan = off;
+SELECT MIN(name) AS "ABA" FROM srt;
+ ABA 
+-----
+ ABA
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT MAX(name) AS abd FROM srt;
+ abd 
+-----
+ abd
+(1 row)
+
+reset enable_indexscan;
+-- Check sorting likewise
+set enable_seqscan = off;
+SELECT name FROM srt ORDER BY name;
+ name 
+------
+ ABA
+ abb
+ ABC
+ abd
+(4 rows)
+
+reset enable_seqscan;
+set enable_indexscan = off;
+SELECT name FROM srt ORDER BY name;
+ name 
+------
+ ABA
+ abb
+ ABC
+ abd
+(4 rows)
+
+reset enable_indexscan;
+-- Test assignment casts.
+SELECT LOWER(name) as aba FROM srt WHERE name = 'ABA'::text;
+ aba 
+-----
+ aba
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT LOWER(name) as aba FROM srt WHERE name = 'ABA'::varchar;
+ aba 
+-----
+ aba
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT LOWER(name) as aba FROM srt WHERE name = 'ABA'::bpchar;
+ aba 
+-----
+ aba
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT LOWER(name) as aba FROM srt WHERE name = 'ABA';
+ aba 
+-----
+ aba
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT LOWER(name) as aba FROM srt WHERE name = 'ABA'::citext;
+ aba 
+-----
+ aba
+(1 row)
+
+-- LIKE should be case-insensitive
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name     LIKE '%a%' ORDER BY name;
+ name 
+------
+ ABA
+ abb
+ ABC
+ abd
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name NOT LIKE '%b%' ORDER BY name;
+ name 
+------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name     LIKE '%A%' ORDER BY name;
+ name 
+------
+ ABA
+ abb
+ ABC
+ abd
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name NOT LIKE '%B%' ORDER BY name;
+ name 
+------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- ~~ should be case-insensitive
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name ~~  '%a%' ORDER BY name;
+ name 
+------
+ ABA
+ abb
+ ABC
+ abd
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name !~~ '%b%' ORDER BY name;
+ name 
+------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name ~~  '%A%' ORDER BY name;
+ name 
+------
+ ABA
+ abb
+ ABC
+ abd
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name !~~ '%B%' ORDER BY name;
+ name 
+------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- ~ should be case-insensitive
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name ~  '^a' ORDER BY name;
+ name 
+------
+ ABA
+ abb
+ ABC
+ abd
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name !~ 'a$' ORDER BY name;
+ name 
+------
+ abb
+ ABC
+ abd
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name ~  '^A' ORDER BY name;
+ name 
+------
+ ABA
+ abb
+ ABC
+ abd
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name !~ 'A$' ORDER BY name;
+ name 
+------
+ abb
+ ABC
+ abd
+(3 rows)
+
+-- SIMILAR TO should be case-insensitive.
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name SIMILAR TO '%a.*';
+ name 
+------
+ ABA
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name SIMILAR TO '%A.*';
+ name 
+------
+ ABA
+(1 row)
+
+-- Explicit casts.
+SELECT true::citext = 'true' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'true'::citext::boolean = true AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 4::citext = '4' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 4::int4::citext = '4' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '4'::citext::int4 = 4 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 4::integer::citext = '4' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '4'::citext::integer = 4 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 4::int8::citext = '4' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '4'::citext::int8 = 4 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 4::bigint::citext = '4' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '4'::citext::bigint = 4 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 4::int2::citext = '4' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '4'::citext::int2 = 4 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 4::smallint::citext = '4' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '4'::citext::smallint = 4 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 4.0::numeric = '4.0' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '4.0'::citext::numeric = 4.0 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 4.0::decimal = '4.0' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '4.0'::citext::decimal = 4.0 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 4.0::real = '4.0' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '4.0'::citext::real = 4.0 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 4.0::float4 = '4.0' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '4.0'::citext::float4 = 4.0 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 4.0::double precision = '4.0' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '4.0'::citext::double precision = 4.0 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 4.0::float8 = '4.0' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '4.0'::citext::float8 = 4.0 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'foo'::name::citext = 'foo' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'foo'::citext::name = 'foo'::name AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'f'::char::citext = 'f' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'f'::citext::char = 'f'::char AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'f'::"char"::citext = 'f' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'f'::citext::"char" = 'f'::"char" AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '100'::money::citext = '$100.00' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '100'::citext::money = '100'::money AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::char::citext = 'a' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext::char = 'a'::char AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'foo'::varchar::citext = 'foo' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'foo'::citext::varchar = 'foo'::varchar AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'foo'::text::citext = 'foo' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'foo'::citext::text = 'foo'::text AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '192.168.100.128/25'::cidr::citext = '192.168.100.128/25' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '192.168.100.128/25'::citext::cidr = '192.168.100.128/25'::cidr AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '192.168.100.128'::inet::citext = '192.168.100.128/32' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '192.168.100.128'::citext::inet = '192.168.100.128'::inet AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '08:00:2b:01:02:03'::macaddr::citext = '08:00:2b:01:02:03' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '08:00:2b:01:02:03'::citext::macaddr = '08:00:2b:01:02:03'::macaddr AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamp::citext = '1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamp::text AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1999-01-08 04:05:06'::citext::timestamp = '1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamp AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamptz::citext = '1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamptz::text AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1999-01-08 04:05:06'::citext::timestamptz = '1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamptz AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1 hour'::interval::citext = '1 hour'::interval::text AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1 hour'::citext::interval = '1 hour'::interval AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1999-01-08'::date::citext = '1999-01-08'::date::text AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1999-01-08'::citext::date = '1999-01-08'::date AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '04:05:06'::time::citext = '04:05:06' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '04:05:06'::citext::time = '04:05:06'::time AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '04:05:06'::timetz::citext = '04:05:06'::timetz::text AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '04:05:06'::citext::timetz = '04:05:06'::timetz AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '( 1 , 1)'::point::citext = '(1,1)' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '( 1 , 1)'::citext::point ~= '(1,1)'::point AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '( 1 , 1 ) , ( 2 , 2 )'::lseg::citext = '[(1,1),(2,2)]' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '( 1 , 1 ) , ( 2 , 2 )'::citext::lseg = '[(1,1),(2,2)]'::lseg AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '( 0 , 0 ) , ( 1 , 1 )'::box::citext = '(0,0),(1,1)'::box::text AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '( 0 , 0 ) , ( 1 , 1 )'::citext::box ~= '(0,0),(1,1)'::text::box AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))'::path::citext = '((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))'::citext::path = '((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))'::path AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '((0,0),(1,1))'::polygon::citext = '((0,0),(1,1))' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '((0,0),(1,1))'::citext::polygon ~= '((0,0),(1,1))'::polygon AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '((0,0),2)'::circle::citext = '((0,0),2)'::circle::text AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '((0,0),2)'::citext::circle ~= '((0,0),2)'::text::circle AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '101'::bit::citext = '101'::bit::text AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '101'::citext::bit = '101'::text::bit AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '101'::bit varying::citext = '101'::bit varying::text AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '101'::citext::bit varying = '101'::text::bit varying AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a fat cat'::tsvector::citext = '''a'' ''cat'' ''fat''' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a fat cat'::citext::tsvector = 'a fat cat'::tsvector AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'fat & rat'::tsquery::citext = '''fat'' & ''rat''' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'fat & rat'::citext::tsquery = 'fat & rat'::tsquery AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11'::uuid::citext = 'a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11'::citext::uuid = 'a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11'::uuid AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE TYPE mood AS ENUM ('sad', 'ok', 'happy');
+SELECT 'sad'::mood::citext = 'sad' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'sad'::citext::mood = 'sad'::mood AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Assignment casts.
+CREATE TABLE caster (
+    citext      citext,
+    text        text,
+    varchar     varchar,
+    bpchar      bpchar,
+    char        char,
+    chr         "char",
+    name        name,
+    bytea       bytea,
+    boolean     boolean,
+    float4      float4,
+    float8      float8,
+    numeric     numeric,
+    int8        int8,
+    int4        int4,
+    int2        int2,
+    cidr        cidr,
+    inet        inet,
+    macaddr     macaddr,
+    money       money,
+    timestamp   timestamp,
+    timestamptz timestamptz,
+    interval    interval,
+    date        date,
+    time        time,
+    timetz      timetz,
+    point       point,
+    lseg        lseg,
+    box         box,
+    path        path,
+    polygon     polygon,
+    circle      circle,
+    bit         bit,
+    bitv        bit varying,
+    tsvector    tsvector,
+    tsquery     tsquery,
+    uuid        uuid
+);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('foo'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('foo'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (varchar)       VALUES ('foo'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('foo'::varchar);
+INSERT INTO caster (varchar)       VALUES ('foo'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('foo'::varchar);
+INSERT INTO caster (bpchar)        VALUES ('foo'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('foo'::bpchar);
+INSERT INTO caster (bpchar)        VALUES ('foo'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('foo'::bpchar);
+INSERT INTO caster (char)          VALUES ('f'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('f'::char);
+INSERT INTO caster (char)          VALUES ('f'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('f'::char);
+INSERT INTO caster (chr)           VALUES ('f'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('f'::"char");
+INSERT INTO caster (chr)           VALUES ('f'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('f'::"char");
+INSERT INTO caster (name)          VALUES ('foo'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('foo'::name);
+INSERT INTO caster (name)          VALUES ('foo'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('foo'::name);
+-- Cannot cast to bytea on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (bytea)         VALUES ('foo'::text);
+ERROR:  column "bytea" is of type bytea but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (bytea)         VALUES ('foo'::text);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('foo'::bytea);
+INSERT INTO caster (bytea)         VALUES ('foo'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "bytea" is of type bytea but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (bytea)         VALUES ('foo'::citext);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('foo'::bytea);
+-- Cannot cast to boolean on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (boolean)       VALUES ('t'::text);
+ERROR:  column "boolean" is of type boolean but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (boolean)       VALUES ('t'::text);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('t'::boolean);
+INSERT INTO caster (boolean)       VALUES ('t'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "boolean" is of type boolean but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (boolean)       VALUES ('t'::citext);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('t'::boolean);
+-- Cannot cast to float8 on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (float8)        VALUES ('12.42'::text);
+ERROR:  column "float8" is of type double precision but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (float8)        VALUES ('12.42'::text);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('12.42'::float8);
+INSERT INTO caster (float8)        VALUES ('12.42'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "float8" is of type double precision but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (float8)        VALUES ('12.42'::citext);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('12.42'::float8);
+-- Cannot cast to float4 on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (float4)        VALUES ('12.42'::text);
+ERROR:  column "float4" is of type real but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (float4)        VALUES ('12.42'::text);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('12.42'::float4);
+INSERT INTO caster (float4)        VALUES ('12.42'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "float4" is of type real but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (float4)        VALUES ('12.42'::citext);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('12.42'::float4);
+-- Cannot cast to numeric on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (numeric)       VALUES ('12.42'::text);
+ERROR:  column "numeric" is of type numeric but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (numeric)       VALUES ('12.42'::text);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('12.42'::numeric);
+INSERT INTO caster (numeric)       VALUES ('12.42'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "numeric" is of type numeric but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (numeric)       VALUES ('12.42'::citext);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('12.42'::numeric);
+-- Cannot cast to int8 on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (int8)          VALUES ('12'::text);
+ERROR:  column "int8" is of type bigint but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (int8)          VALUES ('12'::text);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('12'::int8);
+INSERT INTO caster (int8)          VALUES ('12'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "int8" is of type bigint but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (int8)          VALUES ('12'::citext);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('12'::int8);
+-- Cannot cast to int4 on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (int4)          VALUES ('12'::text);
+ERROR:  column "int4" is of type integer but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (int4)          VALUES ('12'::text);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('12'::int4);
+INSERT INTO caster (int4)          VALUES ('12'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "int4" is of type integer but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (int4)          VALUES ('12'::citext);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('12'::int4);
+-- Cannot cast to int2 on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (int2)          VALUES ('12'::text);
+ERROR:  column "int2" is of type smallint but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (int2)          VALUES ('12'::text);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('12'::int2);
+INSERT INTO caster (int2)          VALUES ('12'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "int2" is of type smallint but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (int2)          VALUES ('12'::citext);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('12'::int2);
+-- Cannot cast to cidr on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (cidr)          VALUES ('192.168.100.128/25'::text);
+ERROR:  column "cidr" is of type cidr but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (cidr)          VALUES ('192.168.100.128/...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('192.168.100.128/25'::cidr);
+INSERT INTO caster (cidr)          VALUES ('192.168.100.128/25'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "cidr" is of type cidr but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (cidr)          VALUES ('192.168.100.128/...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('192.168.100.128/25'::cidr);
+-- Cannot cast to inet on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (inet)          VALUES ('192.168.100.128'::text);
+ERROR:  column "inet" is of type inet but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (inet)          VALUES ('192.168.100.128'...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('192.168.100.128'::inet);
+INSERT INTO caster (inet)          VALUES ('192.168.100.128'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "inet" is of type inet but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (inet)          VALUES ('192.168.100.128'...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('192.168.100.128'::inet);
+-- Cannot cast to macaddr on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (macaddr)       VALUES ('08:00:2b:01:02:03'::text);
+ERROR:  column "macaddr" is of type macaddr but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (macaddr)       VALUES ('08:00:2b:01:02:0...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('08:00:2b:01:02:03'::macaddr);
+INSERT INTO caster (macaddr)       VALUES ('08:00:2b:01:02:03'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "macaddr" is of type macaddr but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (macaddr)       VALUES ('08:00:2b:01:02:0...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('08:00:2b:01:02:03'::macaddr);
+-- Cannot cast to money on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (money)         VALUES ('12'::text);
+ERROR:  column "money" is of type money but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (money)         VALUES ('12'::text);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('12'::money);
+INSERT INTO caster (money)         VALUES ('12'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "money" is of type money but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (money)         VALUES ('12'::citext);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('12'::money);
+-- Cannot cast to timestamp on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (timestamp)     VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05:06'::text);
+ERROR:  column "timestamp" is of type timestamp without time zone but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (timestamp)     VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamp);
+INSERT INTO caster (timestamp)     VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05:06'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "timestamp" is of type timestamp without time zone but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (timestamp)     VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamp);
+-- Cannot cast to timestamptz on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (timestamptz)   VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05:06'::text);
+ERROR:  column "timestamptz" is of type timestamp with time zone but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (timestamptz)   VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamptz);
+INSERT INTO caster (timestamptz)   VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05:06'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "timestamptz" is of type timestamp with time zone but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (timestamptz)   VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamptz);
+-- Cannot cast to interval on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (interval)      VALUES ('1 hour'::text);
+ERROR:  column "interval" is of type interval but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (interval)      VALUES ('1 hour'::text);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('1 hour'::interval);
+INSERT INTO caster (interval)      VALUES ('1 hour'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "interval" is of type interval but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (interval)      VALUES ('1 hour'::citext)...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('1 hour'::interval);
+-- Cannot cast to date on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (date)          VALUES ('1999-01-08'::text);
+ERROR:  column "date" is of type date but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (date)          VALUES ('1999-01-08'::tex...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('1999-01-08'::date);
+INSERT INTO caster (date)          VALUES ('1999-01-08'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "date" is of type date but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (date)          VALUES ('1999-01-08'::cit...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('1999-01-08'::date);
+-- Cannot cast to time on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (time)          VALUES ('04:05:06'::text);
+ERROR:  column "time" is of type time without time zone but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (time)          VALUES ('04:05:06'::text)...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('04:05:06'::time);
+INSERT INTO caster (time)          VALUES ('04:05:06'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "time" is of type time without time zone but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (time)          VALUES ('04:05:06'::citex...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('04:05:06'::time);
+-- Cannot cast to timetz on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (timetz)        VALUES ('04:05:06'::text);
+ERROR:  column "timetz" is of type time with time zone but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (timetz)        VALUES ('04:05:06'::text)...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('04:05:06'::timetz);
+INSERT INTO caster (timetz)        VALUES ('04:05:06'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "timetz" is of type time with time zone but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (timetz)        VALUES ('04:05:06'::citex...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('04:05:06'::timetz);
+-- Cannot cast to point on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (point)         VALUES ('( 1 , 1)'::text);
+ERROR:  column "point" is of type point but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (point)         VALUES ('( 1 , 1)'::text)...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('( 1 , 1)'::point);
+INSERT INTO caster (point)         VALUES ('( 1 , 1)'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "point" is of type point but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (point)         VALUES ('( 1 , 1)'::citex...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('( 1 , 1)'::point);
+-- Cannot cast to lseg on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (lseg)          VALUES ('( 1 , 1 ) , ( 2 , 2 )'::text);
+ERROR:  column "lseg" is of type lseg but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (lseg)          VALUES ('( 1 , 1 ) , ( 2 ...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('( 1 , 1 ) , ( 2 , 2 )'::lseg);
+INSERT INTO caster (lseg)          VALUES ('( 1 , 1 ) , ( 2 , 2 )'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "lseg" is of type lseg but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (lseg)          VALUES ('( 1 , 1 ) , ( 2 ...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('( 1 , 1 ) , ( 2 , 2 )'::lseg);
+-- Cannot cast to box on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (box)           VALUES ('(0,0),(1,1)'::text);
+ERROR:  column "box" is of type box but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (box)           VALUES ('(0,0),(1,1)'::te...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('(0,0),(1,1)'::box);
+INSERT INTO caster (box)           VALUES ('(0,0),(1,1)'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "box" is of type box but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (box)           VALUES ('(0,0),(1,1)'::ci...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('(0,0),(1,1)'::box);
+-- Cannot cast to path on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (path)          VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))'::text);
+ERROR:  column "path" is of type path but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (path)          VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1),(2,...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))'::path);
+INSERT INTO caster (path)          VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "path" is of type path but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (path)          VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1),(2,...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))'::path);
+-- Cannot cast to polygon on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (polygon)       VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1))'::text);
+ERROR:  column "polygon" is of type polygon but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (polygon)       VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1))'::...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1))'::polygon);
+INSERT INTO caster (polygon)       VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1))'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "polygon" is of type polygon but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (polygon)       VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1))'::...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1))'::polygon);
+-- Cannot cast to circle on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (circle)        VALUES ('((0,0),2)'::text);
+ERROR:  column "circle" is of type circle but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (circle)        VALUES ('((0,0),2)'::text...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('((0,0),2)'::circle);
+INSERT INTO caster (circle)        VALUES ('((0,0),2)'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "circle" is of type circle but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (circle)        VALUES ('((0,0),2)'::cite...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('((0,0),2)'::circle);
+-- Cannot cast to bit on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (bit)           VALUES ('101'::text);
+ERROR:  column "bit" is of type bit but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (bit)           VALUES ('101'::text);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('101'::bit);
+INSERT INTO caster (bit)           VALUES ('101'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "bit" is of type bit but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (bit)           VALUES ('101'::citext);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('101'::bit);
+-- Cannot cast to bit varying on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (bitv)          VALUES ('101'::text);
+ERROR:  column "bitv" is of type bit varying but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (bitv)          VALUES ('101'::text);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('101'::bit varying);
+INSERT INTO caster (bitv)          VALUES ('101'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "bitv" is of type bit varying but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (bitv)          VALUES ('101'::citext);
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('101'::bit varying);
+-- Cannot cast to tsvector on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (tsvector)      VALUES ('the fat cat'::text);
+ERROR:  column "tsvector" is of type tsvector but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (tsvector)      VALUES ('the fat cat'::te...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('the fat cat'::tsvector);
+INSERT INTO caster (tsvector)      VALUES ('the fat cat'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "tsvector" is of type tsvector but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (tsvector)      VALUES ('the fat cat'::ci...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('the fat cat'::tsvector);
+-- Cannot cast to tsquery on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (tsquery)       VALUES ('fat & rat'::text);
+ERROR:  column "tsquery" is of type tsquery but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (tsquery)       VALUES ('fat & rat'::text...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('fat & rat'::tsquery);
+INSERT INTO caster (tsquery)       VALUES ('fat & rat'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "tsquery" is of type tsquery but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (tsquery)       VALUES ('fat & rat'::cite...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('fat & rat'::tsquery);
+-- Cannot cast to uuid on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (uuid)          VALUES ('a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11'::text);
+ERROR:  column "uuid" is of type uuid but expression is of type text
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (uuid)          VALUES ('a0eebc99-9c0b-4e...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11'::uuid);
+INSERT INTO caster (uuid)          VALUES ('a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11'::citext);
+ERROR:  column "uuid" is of type uuid but expression is of type citext
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO caster (uuid)          VALUES ('a0eebc99-9c0b-4e...
+                                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11'::uuid);
+-- Table 9-5. SQL String Functions and Operators
+SELECT 'D'::citext || 'avid'::citext = 'David'::citext AS citext_concat;
+ citext_concat 
+---------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'Value: '::citext || 42 = 'Value: 42' AS text_concat;
+ text_concat 
+-------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT  42 || ': value'::citext ='42: value' AS int_concat;
+ int_concat 
+------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT bit_length('jose'::citext) = 32 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT bit_length( name ) = bit_length( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT textlen( name ) = textlen( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT char_length( name ) = char_length( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT lower( name ) = lower( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT octet_length( name ) = octet_length( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT overlay( name placing 'hom' from 2 for 4) = overlay( name::text placing 'hom' from 2 for 4) AS t FROM srt;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT position( 'a' IN name ) = position( 'a' IN name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT substr('alphabet'::citext, 3)       = 'phabet' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT substr('alphabet'::citext, 3, 2)    = 'ph' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT substring('alphabet'::citext, 3)    = 'phabet' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT substring('alphabet'::citext, 3, 2) = 'ph' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT substring('Thomas'::citext from 2 for 3) = 'hom' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT substring('Thomas'::citext from 2) = 'homas' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT substring('Thomas'::citext from '...$') = 'mas' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT substring('Thomas'::citext from '%#"o_a#"_' for '#') = 'oma' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT trim('    trim    '::citext)               = 'trim' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT trim('xxxxxtrimxxxx'::citext, 'x'::citext) = 'trim' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT trim('xxxxxxtrimxxxx'::text,  'x'::citext) = 'trim' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT trim('xxxxxtrimxxxx'::text,   'x'::citext) = 'trim' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT upper( name ) = upper( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Table 9-6. Other String Functions.
+SELECT ascii( name ) = ascii( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT btrim('    trim'::citext                   ) = 'trim' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT btrim('xxxxxtrimxxxx'::citext, 'x'::citext ) = 'trim' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT btrim('xyxtrimyyx'::citext,    'xy'::citext) = 'trim' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT btrim('xyxtrimyyx'::text,      'xy'::citext) = 'trim' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT btrim('xyxtrimyyx'::citext,    'xy'::text  ) = 'trim' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- chr() takes an int and returns text.
+-- convert() and convert_from take bytea and return text.
+SELECT convert_from( name::bytea, 'SQL_ASCII' ) = convert_from( name::text::bytea, 'SQL_ASCII' ) AS t FROM srt;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT decode('MTIzAAE='::citext, 'base64') = decode('MTIzAAE='::text, 'base64') AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- encode() takes bytea and returns text.
+SELECT initcap('hi THOMAS'::citext) = initcap('hi THOMAS'::text) AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT length( name ) = length( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT lpad('hi'::citext, 5              ) = '   hi' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lpad('hi'::citext, 5, 'xy'::citext) = 'xyxhi' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lpad('hi'::text,   5, 'xy'::citext) = 'xyxhi' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lpad('hi'::citext, 5, 'xy'::text  ) = 'xyxhi' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ltrim('    trim'::citext               ) = 'trim' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ltrim('zzzytrim'::citext, 'xyz'::citext) = 'trim' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ltrim('zzzytrim'::text,   'xyz'::citext) = 'trim' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ltrim('zzzytrim'::citext, 'xyz'::text  ) = 'trim' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT md5( name ) = md5( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(4 rows)
+
+-- pg_client_encoding() takes no args and returns name.
+SELECT quote_ident( name ) = quote_ident( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT quote_literal( name ) = quote_literal( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT regexp_match('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(bar)(beque)') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_match('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_match('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext) = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_match('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, '') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_match('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)', '') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_match('foobarbequebaz', '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, '') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_match('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, ''::citext) = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- c forces case-sensitive
+SELECT regexp_match('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, 'c'::citext) = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS "no result";
+ no result 
+-----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- g is not allowed
+SELECT regexp_match('foobarbequebazmorebarbequetoo'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, 'g') AS "error";
+ERROR:  regexp_match() does not support the "global" option
+HINT:  Use the regexp_matches function instead.
+CONTEXT:  SQL function "regexp_match" statement 1
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(bar)(beque)') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext) = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, '') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)', '') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, '') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, ''::citext) = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- c forces case-sensitive
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, 'c'::citext) = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS "no rows";
+ no rows 
+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- g allows multiple output rows
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebazmorebarbequetoo'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, 'g'::citext) AS "two rows";
+  two rows   
+-------------
+ {bar,beque}
+ {bar,beque}
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT regexp_replace('Thomas'::citext, '.[mN]a.',         'M') = 'ThM' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_replace('Thomas'::citext, '.[MN]A.',         'M') = 'ThM' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_replace('Thomas',         '.[MN]A.'::citext, 'M') = 'ThM' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_replace('Thomas'::citext, '.[MN]A.'::citext, 'M') = 'ThM' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- c forces case-sensitive
+SELECT regexp_replace('Thomas'::citext, '.[MN]A.'::citext, 'M', 'c') = 'Thomas' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('hello world'::citext, E'\\s+') = ARRAY[ 'hello', 'world' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('helloTworld'::citext, 't') = ARRAY[ 'hello', 'world' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('helloTworld', 't'::citext) = ARRAY[ 'hello', 'world' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('helloTworld'::citext, 't'::citext) = ARRAY[ 'hello', 'world' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('helloTworld'::citext, 't', 's') = ARRAY[ 'hello', 'world' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('helloTworld', 't'::citext, 's') = ARRAY[ 'hello', 'world' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('helloTworld'::citext, 't'::citext, 's') = ARRAY[ 'hello', 'world' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- c forces case-sensitive
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('helloTworld'::citext, 't'::citext, 'c') = ARRAY[ 'helloTworld' ] AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_split_to_table('hello world'::citext, E'\\s+') AS words;
+ words 
+-------
+ hello
+ world
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT regexp_split_to_table('helloTworld'::citext, 't') AS words;
+ words 
+-------
+ hello
+ world
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT regexp_split_to_table('helloTworld',         't'::citext) AS words;
+ words 
+-------
+ hello
+ world
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT regexp_split_to_table('helloTworld'::citext, 't'::citext) AS words;
+ words 
+-------
+ hello
+ world
+(2 rows)
+
+-- c forces case-sensitive
+SELECT regexp_split_to_table('helloTworld'::citext, 't'::citext, 'c') AS word;
+    word     
+-------------
+ helloTworld
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT repeat('Pg'::citext, 4) = 'PgPgPgPg' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT replace('abcdefabcdef'::citext, 'cd', 'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT replace('abcdefabcdef'::citext, 'CD', 'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT replace('ab^is$abcdef'::citext, '^is$', 'XX') = 'abXXabcdef' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT replace('abcdefabcdef', 'cd'::citext, 'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT replace('abcdefabcdef', 'CD'::citext, 'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT replace('ab^is$abcdef', '^is$'::citext, 'XX') = 'abXXabcdef' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT replace('abcdefabcdef'::citext, 'cd'::citext, 'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT replace('abcdefabcdef'::citext, 'CD'::citext, 'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT replace('ab^is$abcdef'::citext, '^is$'::citext, 'XX') = 'abXXabcdef' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT rpad('hi'::citext, 5              ) = 'hi   ' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT rpad('hi'::citext, 5, 'xy'::citext) = 'hixyx' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT rpad('hi'::text,   5, 'xy'::citext) = 'hixyx' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT rpad('hi'::citext, 5, 'xy'::text  ) = 'hixyx' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT rtrim('trim    '::citext             ) = 'trim' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT rtrim('trimxxxx'::citext, 'x'::citext) = 'trim' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT rtrim('trimxxxx'::text,   'x'::citext) = 'trim' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT rtrim('trimxxxx'::text,   'x'::text  ) = 'trim' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT split_part('abc~@~def~@~ghi'::citext, '~@~', 2) = 'def' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT split_part('abcTdefTghi'::citext, 't', 2) = 'def' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT split_part('abcTdefTghi'::citext, 't'::citext, 2) = 'def' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT split_part('abcTdefTghi', 't'::citext, 2) = 'def' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT strpos('high'::citext, 'gh'        ) = 3 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT strpos('high',         'gh'::citext) = 3 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT strpos('high'::citext, 'gh'::citext) = 3 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT strpos('high'::citext, 'GH'        ) = 3 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT strpos('high',         'GH'::citext) = 3 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT strpos('high'::citext, 'GH'::citext) = 3 AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- to_ascii() does not support UTF-8.
+-- to_hex() takes a numeric argument.
+SELECT substr('alphabet', 3, 2) = 'ph' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT translate('abcdefabcdef'::citext, 'cd',         'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT translate('abcdefabcdef'::citext, 'CD',         'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT translate('abcdefabcdef'::citext, 'CD'::citext, 'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT translate('abcdefabcdef',         'CD'::citext, 'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Table 9-20. Formatting Functions
+SELECT to_date('05 Dec 2000'::citext, 'DD Mon YYYY'::citext)
+     = to_date('05 Dec 2000',         'DD Mon YYYY') AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_date('05 Dec 2000'::citext, 'DD Mon YYYY')
+     = to_date('05 Dec 2000',         'DD Mon YYYY') AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_date('05 Dec 2000',         'DD Mon YYYY'::citext)
+     = to_date('05 Dec 2000',         'DD Mon YYYY') AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_number('12,454.8-'::citext, '99G999D9S'::citext)
+     = to_number('12,454.8-',         '99G999D9S') AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_number('12,454.8-'::citext, '99G999D9S')
+     = to_number('12,454.8-',         '99G999D9S') AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_number('12,454.8-',         '99G999D9S'::citext)
+     = to_number('12,454.8-',         '99G999D9S') AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('05 Dec 2000'::citext, 'DD Mon YYYY'::citext)
+     = to_timestamp('05 Dec 2000',         'DD Mon YYYY') AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('05 Dec 2000'::citext, 'DD Mon YYYY')
+     = to_timestamp('05 Dec 2000',         'DD Mon YYYY') AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('05 Dec 2000',         'DD Mon YYYY'::citext)
+     = to_timestamp('05 Dec 2000',         'DD Mon YYYY') AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Try assigning function results to a column.
+SELECT COUNT(*) = 8::bigint AS t FROM try;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO try
+VALUES ( to_char(  now()::timestamp,          'HH12:MI:SS') ),
+       ( to_char(  now() + '1 sec'::interval, 'HH12:MI:SS') ), -- timetamptz
+       ( to_char(  '15h 2m 12s'::interval,    'HH24:MI:SS') ),
+       ( to_char(  current_date,              '999') ),
+       ( to_char(  125::int,                  '999') ),
+       ( to_char(  127::int4,                 '999') ),
+       ( to_char(  126::int8,                 '999') ),
+       ( to_char(  128.8::real,               '999D9') ),
+       ( to_char(  125.7::float4,             '999D9') ),
+       ( to_char(  125.9::float8,             '999D9') ),
+       ( to_char( -125.8::numeric,            '999D99S') );
+SELECT COUNT(*) = 19::bigint AS t FROM try;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT like_escape( name, '' ) = like_escape( name::text, '' ) AS t FROM srt;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT like_escape( name::text, ''::citext ) = like_escape( name::text, '' ) AS t FROM srt;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Ensure correct behavior for citext with materialized views.
+CREATE TABLE citext_table (
+  id serial primary key,
+  name citext
+);
+INSERT INTO citext_table (name)
+  VALUES ('one'), ('two'), ('three'), (NULL), (NULL);
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW citext_matview AS
+  SELECT * FROM citext_table;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX citext_matview_id
+  ON citext_matview (id);
+SELECT *
+  FROM citext_matview m
+  FULL JOIN citext_table t ON (t.id = m.id AND t *= m)
+  WHERE t.id IS NULL OR m.id IS NULL;
+ id | name | id | name 
+----+------+----+------
+(0 rows)
+
+UPDATE citext_table SET name = 'Two' WHERE name = 'TWO';
+SELECT *
+  FROM citext_matview m
+  FULL JOIN citext_table t ON (t.id = m.id AND t *= m)
+  WHERE t.id IS NULL OR m.id IS NULL;
+ id | name | id | name 
+----+------+----+------
+    |      |  2 | Two
+  2 | two  |    | 
+(2 rows)
+
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY citext_matview;
+SELECT * FROM citext_matview ORDER BY id;
+ id | name  
+----+-------
+  1 | one
+  2 | Two
+  3 | three
+  4 | 
+  5 | 
+(5 rows)
+
+-- test citext_pattern_cmp() function explicitly.
+SELECT citext_pattern_cmp('aardvark'::citext, 'aardvark'::citext) AS zero;
+ zero 
+------
+    0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_cmp('aardvark'::citext, 'aardVark'::citext) AS zero;
+ zero 
+------
+    0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_cmp('AARDVARK'::citext, 'AARDVARK'::citext) AS zero;
+ zero 
+------
+    0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_cmp('B'::citext, 'a'::citext) > 0 AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_cmp('a'::citext, 'B'::citext) < 0 AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_cmp('A'::citext, 'b'::citext) < 0 AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_cmp('ABCD'::citext, 'abc'::citext) > 0 AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_cmp('ABC'::citext, 'abcd'::citext) < 0 AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- test operator functions
+-- lt
+SELECT citext_pattern_lt('a'::citext, 'b'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_lt('A'::citext, 'b'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_lt('a'::citext, 'B'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_lt('b'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_lt('B'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_lt('b'::citext, 'A'::citext) AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- le
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('a'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('a'::citext, 'A'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('A'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('A'::citext, 'A'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('a'::citext, 'B'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('A'::citext, 'b'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('a'::citext, 'B'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('b'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('B'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('b'::citext, 'A'::citext) AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- gt
+SELECT citext_pattern_gt('a'::citext, 'b'::citext) AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_gt('A'::citext, 'b'::citext) AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_gt('a'::citext, 'B'::citext) AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_gt('b'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_gt('B'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_gt('b'::citext, 'A'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- ge
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('a'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('a'::citext, 'A'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('A'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('A'::citext, 'A'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('a'::citext, 'B'::citext) AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('A'::citext, 'b'::citext) AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('a'::citext, 'B'::citext) AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('b'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('B'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('b'::citext, 'A'::citext) AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Multi-byte tests below are disabled like the sanity tests above.
+-- Uncomment to run them.
+-- Test ~<~ and ~<=~
+SELECT 'a'::citext ~<~  'B'::citext AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'b'::citext ~<~  'A'::citext AS f;
+ f 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- SELECT 'à'::citext ~<~  'À'::citext AS f;
+SELECT 'a'::citext ~<=~ 'B'::citext AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext ~<=~ 'A'::citext AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- SELECT 'à'::citext ~<=~ 'À'::citext AS t;
+-- Test ~>~ and ~>=~
+SELECT 'B'::citext ~>~  'a'::citext AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'b'::citext ~>~  'A'::citext AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- SELECT 'à'::citext ~>~  'À'::citext AS f;
+SELECT 'B'::citext ~>~  'b'::citext AS f;
+ f 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'B'::citext ~>=~ 'b'::citext AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- SELECT 'à'::citext ~>=~ 'À'::citext AS t;
+-- Test implicit casting. citext casts to text, but not vice-versa.
+SELECT 'B'::citext ~<~  'a'::text AS t;  -- text wins.
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'B'::citext ~<=~ 'a'::text AS t;  -- text wins.
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext ~>~  'B'::text AS t;  -- text wins.
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext ~>=~ 'B'::text AS t;  -- text wins.
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test implicit casting. citext casts to varchar, but not vice-versa.
+SELECT 'B'::citext ~<~  'a'::varchar AS t;  -- varchar wins.
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'B'::citext ~<=~ 'a'::varchar AS t;  -- varchar wins.
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext ~>~  'B'::varchar AS t;  -- varchar wins.
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext ~>=~ 'B'::varchar AS t;  -- varchar wins.
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/contrib/citext/sql/citext.sql b/contrib/citext/sql/citext.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..261b73c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/citext/sql/citext.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,844 @@
+--
+--  Test citext datatype
+--
+
+CREATE EXTENSION citext;
+
+-- Check whether any of our opclasses fail amvalidate
+SELECT amname, opcname
+FROM pg_opclass opc LEFT JOIN pg_am am ON am.oid = opcmethod
+WHERE opc.oid >= 16384 AND NOT amvalidate(opc.oid);
+
+-- Test the operators and indexing functions
+
+-- Test = and <>.
+SELECT 'a'::citext = 'a'::citext AS t;
+SELECT 'a'::citext = 'A'::citext AS t;
+SELECT 'a'::citext = 'A'::text AS f;        -- text wins the discussion
+SELECT 'a'::citext = 'b'::citext AS f;
+SELECT 'a'::citext = 'ab'::citext AS f;
+SELECT 'a'::citext <> 'ab'::citext AS t;
+
+-- Multibyte sanity tests. Uncomment to run.
+-- SELECT 'À'::citext =  'À'::citext AS t;
+-- SELECT 'À'::citext =  'à'::citext AS t;
+-- SELECT 'À'::text   =  'à'::text   AS f; -- text wins.
+-- SELECT 'À'::citext <> 'B'::citext AS t;
+
+-- Test combining characters making up canonically equivalent strings.
+-- SELECT 'Ä'::text   <> 'Ä'::text   AS t;
+-- SELECT 'Ä'::citext <> 'Ä'::citext AS t;
+
+-- Test the Turkish dotted I. The lowercase is a single byte while the
+-- uppercase is multibyte. This is why the comparison code can't be optimized
+-- to compare string lengths.
+-- SELECT 'i'::citext = 'İ'::citext AS t;
+
+-- Regression.
+-- SELECT 'láska'::citext <> 'laská'::citext AS t;
+
+-- SELECT 'Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext = 'Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext AS t;
+-- SELECT 'Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext = 'ASK BJØRN HANSEN'::citext AS t;
+-- SELECT 'Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext <> 'Ask Bjorn Hansen'::citext AS t;
+-- SELECT 'Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext <> 'ASK BJORN HANSEN'::citext AS t;
+-- SELECT citext_cmp('Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext, 'Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext) AS zero;
+-- SELECT citext_cmp('Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext, 'ask bjørn hansen'::citext) AS zero;
+-- SELECT citext_cmp('Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext, 'ASK BJØRN HANSEN'::citext) AS zero;
+-- SELECT citext_cmp('Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext, 'Ask Bjorn Hansen'::citext) AS positive;
+-- SELECT citext_cmp('Ask Bjorn Hansen'::citext, 'Ask Bjørn Hansen'::citext) AS negative;
+
+-- Test > and >=
+SELECT 'B'::citext > 'a'::citext AS t;
+SELECT 'b'::citext >  'A'::citext AS t;
+SELECT 'B'::citext >  'b'::citext AS f;
+SELECT 'B'::citext >= 'b'::citext AS t;
+
+-- Test < and <=
+SELECT 'a'::citext <  'B'::citext AS t;
+SELECT 'a'::citext <= 'B'::citext AS t;
+
+-- Test implicit casting. citext casts to text, but not vice-versa.
+SELECT 'a'::citext = 'a'::text   AS t;
+SELECT 'A'::text  <> 'a'::citext AS t;
+
+SELECT 'B'::citext <  'a'::text AS t;  -- text wins.
+SELECT 'B'::citext <= 'a'::text AS t;  -- text wins.
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext >  'B'::text AS t;  -- text wins.
+SELECT 'a'::citext >= 'B'::text AS t;  -- text wins.
+
+-- Test implicit casting. citext casts to varchar, but not vice-versa.
+SELECT 'a'::citext = 'a'::varchar   AS t;
+SELECT 'A'::varchar  <> 'a'::citext AS t;
+
+SELECT 'B'::citext <  'a'::varchar AS t;  -- varchar wins.
+SELECT 'B'::citext <= 'a'::varchar AS t;  -- varchar wins.
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext >  'B'::varchar AS t;  -- varchar wins.
+SELECT 'a'::citext >= 'B'::varchar AS t;  -- varchar wins.
+
+-- A couple of longer examples to ensure that we don't get any issues with bad
+-- conversions to char[] in the c code. Yes, I did do this.
+
+SELECT 'aardvark'::citext = 'aardvark'::citext AS t;
+SELECT 'aardvark'::citext = 'aardVark'::citext AS t;
+
+-- Check the citext_cmp() function explicitly.
+SELECT citext_cmp('aardvark'::citext, 'aardvark'::citext) AS zero;
+SELECT citext_cmp('aardvark'::citext, 'aardVark'::citext) AS zero;
+SELECT citext_cmp('AARDVARK'::citext, 'AARDVARK'::citext) AS zero;
+SELECT citext_cmp('B'::citext, 'a'::citext) > 0 AS true;
+
+-- Check the citext_hash() and citext_hash_extended() function explicitly.
+SELECT v as value, citext_hash(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       citext_hash_extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       citext_hash_extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (NULL::citext), ('PostgreSQL'), ('eIpUEtqmY89'), ('AXKEJBTK'),
+       ('muop28x03'), ('yi3nm0d73')) x(v)
+WHERE  citext_hash(v)::bit(32) != citext_hash_extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR citext_hash(v)::bit(32) = citext_hash_extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+
+-- Do some tests using a table and index.
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE try (
+   name citext PRIMARY KEY
+);
+
+INSERT INTO try (name)
+VALUES ('a'), ('ab'), ('â'), ('aba'), ('b'), ('ba'), ('bab'), ('AZ');
+
+SELECT name, 'a' = name AS eq_a   FROM try WHERE name <> 'â';
+SELECT name, 'a' = name AS t      FROM try where name = 'a';
+SELECT name, 'A' = name AS "eq_A" FROM try WHERE name <> 'â';
+SELECT name, 'A' = name AS t      FROM try where name = 'A';
+SELECT name, 'A' = name AS t      FROM try where name = 'A';
+
+-- expected failures on duplicate key
+INSERT INTO try (name) VALUES ('a');
+INSERT INTO try (name) VALUES ('A');
+INSERT INTO try (name) VALUES ('aB');
+
+-- Make sure that citext_smaller() and citext_larger() work properly.
+SELECT citext_smaller( 'ab'::citext, 'ac'::citext ) = 'ab' AS t;
+SELECT citext_smaller( 'ABC'::citext, 'bbbb'::citext ) = 'ABC' AS t;
+SELECT citext_smaller( 'aardvark'::citext, 'Aaba'::citext ) = 'Aaba' AS t;
+SELECT citext_smaller( 'aardvark'::citext, 'AARDVARK'::citext ) = 'AARDVARK' AS t;
+
+SELECT citext_larger( 'ab'::citext, 'ac'::citext ) = 'ac' AS t;
+SELECT citext_larger( 'ABC'::citext, 'bbbb'::citext ) = 'bbbb' AS t;
+SELECT citext_larger( 'aardvark'::citext, 'Aaba'::citext ) = 'aardvark' AS t;
+
+-- Test aggregate functions and sort ordering
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE srt (
+   name CITEXT
+);
+
+INSERT INTO srt (name)
+VALUES ('abb'),
+       ('ABA'),
+       ('ABC'),
+       ('abd');
+
+CREATE INDEX srt_name ON srt (name);
+
+-- Check the min() and max() aggregates, with and without index.
+set enable_seqscan = off;
+SELECT MIN(name) AS "ABA" FROM srt;
+SELECT MAX(name) AS abd FROM srt;
+reset enable_seqscan;
+set enable_indexscan = off;
+SELECT MIN(name) AS "ABA" FROM srt;
+SELECT MAX(name) AS abd FROM srt;
+reset enable_indexscan;
+
+-- Check sorting likewise
+set enable_seqscan = off;
+SELECT name FROM srt ORDER BY name;
+reset enable_seqscan;
+set enable_indexscan = off;
+SELECT name FROM srt ORDER BY name;
+reset enable_indexscan;
+
+-- Test assignment casts.
+SELECT LOWER(name) as aba FROM srt WHERE name = 'ABA'::text;
+SELECT LOWER(name) as aba FROM srt WHERE name = 'ABA'::varchar;
+SELECT LOWER(name) as aba FROM srt WHERE name = 'ABA'::bpchar;
+SELECT LOWER(name) as aba FROM srt WHERE name = 'ABA';
+SELECT LOWER(name) as aba FROM srt WHERE name = 'ABA'::citext;
+
+-- LIKE should be case-insensitive
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name     LIKE '%a%' ORDER BY name;
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name NOT LIKE '%b%' ORDER BY name;
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name     LIKE '%A%' ORDER BY name;
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name NOT LIKE '%B%' ORDER BY name;
+
+-- ~~ should be case-insensitive
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name ~~  '%a%' ORDER BY name;
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name !~~ '%b%' ORDER BY name;
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name ~~  '%A%' ORDER BY name;
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name !~~ '%B%' ORDER BY name;
+
+-- ~ should be case-insensitive
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name ~  '^a' ORDER BY name;
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name !~ 'a$' ORDER BY name;
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name ~  '^A' ORDER BY name;
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name !~ 'A$' ORDER BY name;
+
+-- SIMILAR TO should be case-insensitive.
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name SIMILAR TO '%a.*';
+SELECT name FROM srt WHERE name SIMILAR TO '%A.*';
+
+-- Explicit casts.
+SELECT true::citext = 'true' AS t;
+SELECT 'true'::citext::boolean = true AS t;
+
+SELECT 4::citext = '4' AS t;
+SELECT 4::int4::citext = '4' AS t;
+SELECT '4'::citext::int4 = 4 AS t;
+SELECT 4::integer::citext = '4' AS t;
+SELECT '4'::citext::integer = 4 AS t;
+
+SELECT 4::int8::citext = '4' AS t;
+SELECT '4'::citext::int8 = 4 AS t;
+SELECT 4::bigint::citext = '4' AS t;
+SELECT '4'::citext::bigint = 4 AS t;
+
+SELECT 4::int2::citext = '4' AS t;
+SELECT '4'::citext::int2 = 4 AS t;
+SELECT 4::smallint::citext = '4' AS t;
+SELECT '4'::citext::smallint = 4 AS t;
+
+SELECT 4.0::numeric = '4.0' AS t;
+SELECT '4.0'::citext::numeric = 4.0 AS t;
+SELECT 4.0::decimal = '4.0' AS t;
+SELECT '4.0'::citext::decimal = 4.0 AS t;
+
+SELECT 4.0::real = '4.0' AS t;
+SELECT '4.0'::citext::real = 4.0 AS t;
+SELECT 4.0::float4 = '4.0' AS t;
+SELECT '4.0'::citext::float4 = 4.0 AS t;
+
+SELECT 4.0::double precision = '4.0' AS t;
+SELECT '4.0'::citext::double precision = 4.0 AS t;
+SELECT 4.0::float8 = '4.0' AS t;
+SELECT '4.0'::citext::float8 = 4.0 AS t;
+
+SELECT 'foo'::name::citext = 'foo' AS t;
+SELECT 'foo'::citext::name = 'foo'::name AS t;
+
+SELECT 'f'::char::citext = 'f' AS t;
+SELECT 'f'::citext::char = 'f'::char AS t;
+
+SELECT 'f'::"char"::citext = 'f' AS t;
+SELECT 'f'::citext::"char" = 'f'::"char" AS t;
+
+SELECT '100'::money::citext = '$100.00' AS t;
+SELECT '100'::citext::money = '100'::money AS t;
+
+SELECT 'a'::char::citext = 'a' AS t;
+SELECT 'a'::citext::char = 'a'::char AS t;
+
+SELECT 'foo'::varchar::citext = 'foo' AS t;
+SELECT 'foo'::citext::varchar = 'foo'::varchar AS t;
+
+SELECT 'foo'::text::citext = 'foo' AS t;
+SELECT 'foo'::citext::text = 'foo'::text AS t;
+
+SELECT '192.168.100.128/25'::cidr::citext = '192.168.100.128/25' AS t;
+SELECT '192.168.100.128/25'::citext::cidr = '192.168.100.128/25'::cidr AS t;
+
+SELECT '192.168.100.128'::inet::citext = '192.168.100.128/32' AS t;
+SELECT '192.168.100.128'::citext::inet = '192.168.100.128'::inet AS t;
+
+SELECT '08:00:2b:01:02:03'::macaddr::citext = '08:00:2b:01:02:03' AS t;
+SELECT '08:00:2b:01:02:03'::citext::macaddr = '08:00:2b:01:02:03'::macaddr AS t;
+
+SELECT '1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamp::citext = '1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamp::text AS t;
+SELECT '1999-01-08 04:05:06'::citext::timestamp = '1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamp AS t;
+SELECT '1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamptz::citext = '1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamptz::text AS t;
+SELECT '1999-01-08 04:05:06'::citext::timestamptz = '1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamptz AS t;
+
+SELECT '1 hour'::interval::citext = '1 hour'::interval::text AS t;
+SELECT '1 hour'::citext::interval = '1 hour'::interval AS t;
+
+SELECT '1999-01-08'::date::citext = '1999-01-08'::date::text AS t;
+SELECT '1999-01-08'::citext::date = '1999-01-08'::date AS t;
+
+SELECT '04:05:06'::time::citext = '04:05:06' AS t;
+SELECT '04:05:06'::citext::time = '04:05:06'::time AS t;
+SELECT '04:05:06'::timetz::citext = '04:05:06'::timetz::text AS t;
+SELECT '04:05:06'::citext::timetz = '04:05:06'::timetz AS t;
+
+SELECT '( 1 , 1)'::point::citext = '(1,1)' AS t;
+SELECT '( 1 , 1)'::citext::point ~= '(1,1)'::point AS t;
+SELECT '( 1 , 1 ) , ( 2 , 2 )'::lseg::citext = '[(1,1),(2,2)]' AS t;
+SELECT '( 1 , 1 ) , ( 2 , 2 )'::citext::lseg = '[(1,1),(2,2)]'::lseg AS t;
+SELECT '( 0 , 0 ) , ( 1 , 1 )'::box::citext = '(0,0),(1,1)'::box::text AS t;
+SELECT '( 0 , 0 ) , ( 1 , 1 )'::citext::box ~= '(0,0),(1,1)'::text::box AS t;
+
+SELECT '((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))'::path::citext = '((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))' AS t;
+SELECT '((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))'::citext::path = '((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))'::path AS t;
+
+SELECT '((0,0),(1,1))'::polygon::citext = '((0,0),(1,1))' AS t;
+SELECT '((0,0),(1,1))'::citext::polygon ~= '((0,0),(1,1))'::polygon AS t;
+
+SELECT '((0,0),2)'::circle::citext = '((0,0),2)'::circle::text AS t;
+SELECT '((0,0),2)'::citext::circle ~= '((0,0),2)'::text::circle AS t;
+
+SELECT '101'::bit::citext = '101'::bit::text AS t;
+SELECT '101'::citext::bit = '101'::text::bit AS t;
+SELECT '101'::bit varying::citext = '101'::bit varying::text AS t;
+SELECT '101'::citext::bit varying = '101'::text::bit varying AS t;
+SELECT 'a fat cat'::tsvector::citext = '''a'' ''cat'' ''fat''' AS t;
+SELECT 'a fat cat'::citext::tsvector = 'a fat cat'::tsvector AS t;
+SELECT 'fat & rat'::tsquery::citext = '''fat'' & ''rat''' AS t;
+SELECT 'fat & rat'::citext::tsquery = 'fat & rat'::tsquery AS t;
+SELECT 'a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11'::uuid::citext = 'a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11' AS t;
+SELECT 'a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11'::citext::uuid = 'a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11'::uuid AS t;
+
+CREATE TYPE mood AS ENUM ('sad', 'ok', 'happy');
+SELECT 'sad'::mood::citext = 'sad' AS t;
+SELECT 'sad'::citext::mood = 'sad'::mood AS t;
+
+-- Assignment casts.
+CREATE TABLE caster (
+    citext      citext,
+    text        text,
+    varchar     varchar,
+    bpchar      bpchar,
+    char        char,
+    chr         "char",
+    name        name,
+    bytea       bytea,
+    boolean     boolean,
+    float4      float4,
+    float8      float8,
+    numeric     numeric,
+    int8        int8,
+    int4        int4,
+    int2        int2,
+    cidr        cidr,
+    inet        inet,
+    macaddr     macaddr,
+    money       money,
+    timestamp   timestamp,
+    timestamptz timestamptz,
+    interval    interval,
+    date        date,
+    time        time,
+    timetz      timetz,
+    point       point,
+    lseg        lseg,
+    box         box,
+    path        path,
+    polygon     polygon,
+    circle      circle,
+    bit         bit,
+    bitv        bit varying,
+    tsvector    tsvector,
+    tsquery     tsquery,
+    uuid        uuid
+);
+
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('foo'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('foo'::text);
+
+INSERT INTO caster (varchar)       VALUES ('foo'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('foo'::varchar);
+INSERT INTO caster (varchar)       VALUES ('foo'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('foo'::varchar);
+
+INSERT INTO caster (bpchar)        VALUES ('foo'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('foo'::bpchar);
+INSERT INTO caster (bpchar)        VALUES ('foo'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('foo'::bpchar);
+
+INSERT INTO caster (char)          VALUES ('f'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('f'::char);
+INSERT INTO caster (char)          VALUES ('f'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('f'::char);
+
+INSERT INTO caster (chr)           VALUES ('f'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('f'::"char");
+INSERT INTO caster (chr)           VALUES ('f'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('f'::"char");
+
+INSERT INTO caster (name)          VALUES ('foo'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('foo'::name);
+INSERT INTO caster (name)          VALUES ('foo'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('foo'::name);
+
+-- Cannot cast to bytea on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (bytea)         VALUES ('foo'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('foo'::bytea);
+INSERT INTO caster (bytea)         VALUES ('foo'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('foo'::bytea);
+
+-- Cannot cast to boolean on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (boolean)       VALUES ('t'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('t'::boolean);
+INSERT INTO caster (boolean)       VALUES ('t'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('t'::boolean);
+
+-- Cannot cast to float8 on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (float8)        VALUES ('12.42'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('12.42'::float8);
+INSERT INTO caster (float8)        VALUES ('12.42'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('12.42'::float8);
+
+-- Cannot cast to float4 on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (float4)        VALUES ('12.42'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('12.42'::float4);
+INSERT INTO caster (float4)        VALUES ('12.42'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('12.42'::float4);
+
+-- Cannot cast to numeric on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (numeric)       VALUES ('12.42'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('12.42'::numeric);
+INSERT INTO caster (numeric)       VALUES ('12.42'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('12.42'::numeric);
+
+-- Cannot cast to int8 on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (int8)          VALUES ('12'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('12'::int8);
+INSERT INTO caster (int8)          VALUES ('12'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('12'::int8);
+
+-- Cannot cast to int4 on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (int4)          VALUES ('12'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('12'::int4);
+INSERT INTO caster (int4)          VALUES ('12'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('12'::int4);
+
+-- Cannot cast to int2 on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (int2)          VALUES ('12'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('12'::int2);
+INSERT INTO caster (int2)          VALUES ('12'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('12'::int2);
+
+-- Cannot cast to cidr on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (cidr)          VALUES ('192.168.100.128/25'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('192.168.100.128/25'::cidr);
+INSERT INTO caster (cidr)          VALUES ('192.168.100.128/25'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('192.168.100.128/25'::cidr);
+
+-- Cannot cast to inet on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (inet)          VALUES ('192.168.100.128'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('192.168.100.128'::inet);
+INSERT INTO caster (inet)          VALUES ('192.168.100.128'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('192.168.100.128'::inet);
+
+-- Cannot cast to macaddr on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (macaddr)       VALUES ('08:00:2b:01:02:03'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('08:00:2b:01:02:03'::macaddr);
+INSERT INTO caster (macaddr)       VALUES ('08:00:2b:01:02:03'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('08:00:2b:01:02:03'::macaddr);
+
+-- Cannot cast to money on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (money)         VALUES ('12'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('12'::money);
+INSERT INTO caster (money)         VALUES ('12'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('12'::money);
+
+-- Cannot cast to timestamp on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (timestamp)     VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05:06'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamp);
+INSERT INTO caster (timestamp)     VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05:06'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamp);
+
+-- Cannot cast to timestamptz on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (timestamptz)   VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05:06'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamptz);
+INSERT INTO caster (timestamptz)   VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05:06'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('1999-01-08 04:05:06'::timestamptz);
+
+-- Cannot cast to interval on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (interval)      VALUES ('1 hour'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('1 hour'::interval);
+INSERT INTO caster (interval)      VALUES ('1 hour'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('1 hour'::interval);
+
+-- Cannot cast to date on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (date)          VALUES ('1999-01-08'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('1999-01-08'::date);
+INSERT INTO caster (date)          VALUES ('1999-01-08'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('1999-01-08'::date);
+
+-- Cannot cast to time on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (time)          VALUES ('04:05:06'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('04:05:06'::time);
+INSERT INTO caster (time)          VALUES ('04:05:06'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('04:05:06'::time);
+
+-- Cannot cast to timetz on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (timetz)        VALUES ('04:05:06'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('04:05:06'::timetz);
+INSERT INTO caster (timetz)        VALUES ('04:05:06'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('04:05:06'::timetz);
+
+-- Cannot cast to point on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (point)         VALUES ('( 1 , 1)'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('( 1 , 1)'::point);
+INSERT INTO caster (point)         VALUES ('( 1 , 1)'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('( 1 , 1)'::point);
+
+-- Cannot cast to lseg on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (lseg)          VALUES ('( 1 , 1 ) , ( 2 , 2 )'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('( 1 , 1 ) , ( 2 , 2 )'::lseg);
+INSERT INTO caster (lseg)          VALUES ('( 1 , 1 ) , ( 2 , 2 )'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('( 1 , 1 ) , ( 2 , 2 )'::lseg);
+
+-- Cannot cast to box on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (box)           VALUES ('(0,0),(1,1)'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('(0,0),(1,1)'::box);
+INSERT INTO caster (box)           VALUES ('(0,0),(1,1)'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('(0,0),(1,1)'::box);
+
+-- Cannot cast to path on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (path)          VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))'::path);
+INSERT INTO caster (path)          VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))'::path);
+
+-- Cannot cast to polygon on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (polygon)       VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1))'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1))'::polygon);
+INSERT INTO caster (polygon)       VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1))'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('((0,0),(1,1))'::polygon);
+
+-- Cannot cast to circle on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (circle)        VALUES ('((0,0),2)'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('((0,0),2)'::circle);
+INSERT INTO caster (circle)        VALUES ('((0,0),2)'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('((0,0),2)'::circle);
+
+-- Cannot cast to bit on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (bit)           VALUES ('101'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('101'::bit);
+INSERT INTO caster (bit)           VALUES ('101'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('101'::bit);
+
+-- Cannot cast to bit varying on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (bitv)          VALUES ('101'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('101'::bit varying);
+INSERT INTO caster (bitv)          VALUES ('101'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('101'::bit varying);
+
+-- Cannot cast to tsvector on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (tsvector)      VALUES ('the fat cat'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('the fat cat'::tsvector);
+INSERT INTO caster (tsvector)      VALUES ('the fat cat'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('the fat cat'::tsvector);
+
+-- Cannot cast to tsquery on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (tsquery)       VALUES ('fat & rat'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('fat & rat'::tsquery);
+INSERT INTO caster (tsquery)       VALUES ('fat & rat'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('fat & rat'::tsquery);
+
+-- Cannot cast to uuid on assignment.
+INSERT INTO caster (uuid)          VALUES ('a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11'::text);
+INSERT INTO caster (text)          VALUES ('a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11'::uuid);
+INSERT INTO caster (uuid)          VALUES ('a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11'::citext);
+INSERT INTO caster (citext)        VALUES ('a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11'::uuid);
+
+-- Table 9-5. SQL String Functions and Operators
+SELECT 'D'::citext || 'avid'::citext = 'David'::citext AS citext_concat;
+SELECT 'Value: '::citext || 42 = 'Value: 42' AS text_concat;
+SELECT  42 || ': value'::citext ='42: value' AS int_concat;
+SELECT bit_length('jose'::citext) = 32 AS t;
+SELECT bit_length( name ) = bit_length( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+SELECT textlen( name ) = textlen( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+SELECT char_length( name ) = char_length( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+SELECT lower( name ) = lower( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+SELECT octet_length( name ) = octet_length( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+SELECT overlay( name placing 'hom' from 2 for 4) = overlay( name::text placing 'hom' from 2 for 4) AS t FROM srt;
+SELECT position( 'a' IN name ) = position( 'a' IN name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+
+SELECT substr('alphabet'::citext, 3)       = 'phabet' AS t;
+SELECT substr('alphabet'::citext, 3, 2)    = 'ph' AS t;
+
+SELECT substring('alphabet'::citext, 3)    = 'phabet' AS t;
+SELECT substring('alphabet'::citext, 3, 2) = 'ph' AS t;
+SELECT substring('Thomas'::citext from 2 for 3) = 'hom' AS t;
+SELECT substring('Thomas'::citext from 2) = 'homas' AS t;
+SELECT substring('Thomas'::citext from '...$') = 'mas' AS t;
+SELECT substring('Thomas'::citext from '%#"o_a#"_' for '#') = 'oma' AS t;
+
+SELECT trim('    trim    '::citext)               = 'trim' AS t;
+SELECT trim('xxxxxtrimxxxx'::citext, 'x'::citext) = 'trim' AS t;
+SELECT trim('xxxxxxtrimxxxx'::text,  'x'::citext) = 'trim' AS t;
+SELECT trim('xxxxxtrimxxxx'::text,   'x'::citext) = 'trim' AS t;
+
+SELECT upper( name ) = upper( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+
+-- Table 9-6. Other String Functions.
+SELECT ascii( name ) = ascii( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+
+SELECT btrim('    trim'::citext                   ) = 'trim' AS t;
+SELECT btrim('xxxxxtrimxxxx'::citext, 'x'::citext ) = 'trim' AS t;
+SELECT btrim('xyxtrimyyx'::citext,    'xy'::citext) = 'trim' AS t;
+SELECT btrim('xyxtrimyyx'::text,      'xy'::citext) = 'trim' AS t;
+SELECT btrim('xyxtrimyyx'::citext,    'xy'::text  ) = 'trim' AS t;
+
+-- chr() takes an int and returns text.
+-- convert() and convert_from take bytea and return text.
+
+SELECT convert_from( name::bytea, 'SQL_ASCII' ) = convert_from( name::text::bytea, 'SQL_ASCII' ) AS t FROM srt;
+SELECT decode('MTIzAAE='::citext, 'base64') = decode('MTIzAAE='::text, 'base64') AS t;
+-- encode() takes bytea and returns text.
+SELECT initcap('hi THOMAS'::citext) = initcap('hi THOMAS'::text) AS t;
+SELECT length( name ) = length( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+
+SELECT lpad('hi'::citext, 5              ) = '   hi' AS t;
+SELECT lpad('hi'::citext, 5, 'xy'::citext) = 'xyxhi' AS t;
+SELECT lpad('hi'::text,   5, 'xy'::citext) = 'xyxhi' AS t;
+SELECT lpad('hi'::citext, 5, 'xy'::text  ) = 'xyxhi' AS t;
+
+SELECT ltrim('    trim'::citext               ) = 'trim' AS t;
+SELECT ltrim('zzzytrim'::citext, 'xyz'::citext) = 'trim' AS t;
+SELECT ltrim('zzzytrim'::text,   'xyz'::citext) = 'trim' AS t;
+SELECT ltrim('zzzytrim'::citext, 'xyz'::text  ) = 'trim' AS t;
+
+SELECT md5( name ) = md5( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+-- pg_client_encoding() takes no args and returns name.
+SELECT quote_ident( name ) = quote_ident( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+SELECT quote_literal( name ) = quote_literal( name::text ) AS t FROM srt;
+
+SELECT regexp_match('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(bar)(beque)') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+SELECT regexp_match('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+SELECT regexp_match('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext) = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+SELECT regexp_match('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, '') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+SELECT regexp_match('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)', '') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+SELECT regexp_match('foobarbequebaz', '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, '') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+SELECT regexp_match('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, ''::citext) = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+-- c forces case-sensitive
+SELECT regexp_match('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, 'c'::citext) = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS "no result";
+-- g is not allowed
+SELECT regexp_match('foobarbequebazmorebarbequetoo'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, 'g') AS "error";
+
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(bar)(beque)') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext) = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, '') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)', '') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, '') = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, ''::citext) = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS t;
+-- c forces case-sensitive
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, 'c'::citext) = ARRAY[ 'bar', 'beque' ] AS "no rows";
+-- g allows multiple output rows
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebazmorebarbequetoo'::citext, '(BAR)(BEQUE)'::citext, 'g'::citext) AS "two rows";
+
+SELECT regexp_replace('Thomas'::citext, '.[mN]a.',         'M') = 'ThM' AS t;
+SELECT regexp_replace('Thomas'::citext, '.[MN]A.',         'M') = 'ThM' AS t;
+SELECT regexp_replace('Thomas',         '.[MN]A.'::citext, 'M') = 'ThM' AS t;
+SELECT regexp_replace('Thomas'::citext, '.[MN]A.'::citext, 'M') = 'ThM' AS t;
+-- c forces case-sensitive
+SELECT regexp_replace('Thomas'::citext, '.[MN]A.'::citext, 'M', 'c') = 'Thomas' AS t;
+
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('hello world'::citext, E'\\s+') = ARRAY[ 'hello', 'world' ] AS t;
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('helloTworld'::citext, 't') = ARRAY[ 'hello', 'world' ] AS t;
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('helloTworld', 't'::citext) = ARRAY[ 'hello', 'world' ] AS t;
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('helloTworld'::citext, 't'::citext) = ARRAY[ 'hello', 'world' ] AS t;
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('helloTworld'::citext, 't', 's') = ARRAY[ 'hello', 'world' ] AS t;
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('helloTworld', 't'::citext, 's') = ARRAY[ 'hello', 'world' ] AS t;
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('helloTworld'::citext, 't'::citext, 's') = ARRAY[ 'hello', 'world' ] AS t;
+
+-- c forces case-sensitive
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('helloTworld'::citext, 't'::citext, 'c') = ARRAY[ 'helloTworld' ] AS t;
+
+SELECT regexp_split_to_table('hello world'::citext, E'\\s+') AS words;
+SELECT regexp_split_to_table('helloTworld'::citext, 't') AS words;
+SELECT regexp_split_to_table('helloTworld',         't'::citext) AS words;
+SELECT regexp_split_to_table('helloTworld'::citext, 't'::citext) AS words;
+-- c forces case-sensitive
+SELECT regexp_split_to_table('helloTworld'::citext, 't'::citext, 'c') AS word;
+
+SELECT repeat('Pg'::citext, 4) = 'PgPgPgPg' AS t;
+
+SELECT replace('abcdefabcdef'::citext, 'cd', 'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+SELECT replace('abcdefabcdef'::citext, 'CD', 'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+SELECT replace('ab^is$abcdef'::citext, '^is$', 'XX') = 'abXXabcdef' AS t;
+SELECT replace('abcdefabcdef', 'cd'::citext, 'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+SELECT replace('abcdefabcdef', 'CD'::citext, 'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+SELECT replace('ab^is$abcdef', '^is$'::citext, 'XX') = 'abXXabcdef' AS t;
+SELECT replace('abcdefabcdef'::citext, 'cd'::citext, 'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+SELECT replace('abcdefabcdef'::citext, 'CD'::citext, 'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+SELECT replace('ab^is$abcdef'::citext, '^is$'::citext, 'XX') = 'abXXabcdef' AS t;
+
+SELECT rpad('hi'::citext, 5              ) = 'hi   ' AS t;
+SELECT rpad('hi'::citext, 5, 'xy'::citext) = 'hixyx' AS t;
+SELECT rpad('hi'::text,   5, 'xy'::citext) = 'hixyx' AS t;
+SELECT rpad('hi'::citext, 5, 'xy'::text  ) = 'hixyx' AS t;
+
+SELECT rtrim('trim    '::citext             ) = 'trim' AS t;
+SELECT rtrim('trimxxxx'::citext, 'x'::citext) = 'trim' AS t;
+SELECT rtrim('trimxxxx'::text,   'x'::citext) = 'trim' AS t;
+SELECT rtrim('trimxxxx'::text,   'x'::text  ) = 'trim' AS t;
+
+SELECT split_part('abc~@~def~@~ghi'::citext, '~@~', 2) = 'def' AS t;
+SELECT split_part('abcTdefTghi'::citext, 't', 2) = 'def' AS t;
+SELECT split_part('abcTdefTghi'::citext, 't'::citext, 2) = 'def' AS t;
+SELECT split_part('abcTdefTghi', 't'::citext, 2) = 'def' AS t;
+
+SELECT strpos('high'::citext, 'gh'        ) = 3 AS t;
+SELECT strpos('high',         'gh'::citext) = 3 AS t;
+SELECT strpos('high'::citext, 'gh'::citext) = 3 AS t;
+SELECT strpos('high'::citext, 'GH'        ) = 3 AS t;
+SELECT strpos('high',         'GH'::citext) = 3 AS t;
+SELECT strpos('high'::citext, 'GH'::citext) = 3 AS t;
+
+-- to_ascii() does not support UTF-8.
+-- to_hex() takes a numeric argument.
+SELECT substr('alphabet', 3, 2) = 'ph' AS t;
+SELECT translate('abcdefabcdef'::citext, 'cd',         'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+SELECT translate('abcdefabcdef'::citext, 'CD',         'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+SELECT translate('abcdefabcdef'::citext, 'CD'::citext, 'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+SELECT translate('abcdefabcdef',         'CD'::citext, 'XX') = 'abXXefabXXef' AS t;
+
+-- Table 9-20. Formatting Functions
+SELECT to_date('05 Dec 2000'::citext, 'DD Mon YYYY'::citext)
+     = to_date('05 Dec 2000',         'DD Mon YYYY') AS t;
+SELECT to_date('05 Dec 2000'::citext, 'DD Mon YYYY')
+     = to_date('05 Dec 2000',         'DD Mon YYYY') AS t;
+SELECT to_date('05 Dec 2000',         'DD Mon YYYY'::citext)
+     = to_date('05 Dec 2000',         'DD Mon YYYY') AS t;
+
+SELECT to_number('12,454.8-'::citext, '99G999D9S'::citext)
+     = to_number('12,454.8-',         '99G999D9S') AS t;
+SELECT to_number('12,454.8-'::citext, '99G999D9S')
+     = to_number('12,454.8-',         '99G999D9S') AS t;
+SELECT to_number('12,454.8-',         '99G999D9S'::citext)
+     = to_number('12,454.8-',         '99G999D9S') AS t;
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('05 Dec 2000'::citext, 'DD Mon YYYY'::citext)
+     = to_timestamp('05 Dec 2000',         'DD Mon YYYY') AS t;
+SELECT to_timestamp('05 Dec 2000'::citext, 'DD Mon YYYY')
+     = to_timestamp('05 Dec 2000',         'DD Mon YYYY') AS t;
+SELECT to_timestamp('05 Dec 2000',         'DD Mon YYYY'::citext)
+     = to_timestamp('05 Dec 2000',         'DD Mon YYYY') AS t;
+
+-- Try assigning function results to a column.
+SELECT COUNT(*) = 8::bigint AS t FROM try;
+INSERT INTO try
+VALUES ( to_char(  now()::timestamp,          'HH12:MI:SS') ),
+       ( to_char(  now() + '1 sec'::interval, 'HH12:MI:SS') ), -- timetamptz
+       ( to_char(  '15h 2m 12s'::interval,    'HH24:MI:SS') ),
+       ( to_char(  current_date,              '999') ),
+       ( to_char(  125::int,                  '999') ),
+       ( to_char(  127::int4,                 '999') ),
+       ( to_char(  126::int8,                 '999') ),
+       ( to_char(  128.8::real,               '999D9') ),
+       ( to_char(  125.7::float4,             '999D9') ),
+       ( to_char(  125.9::float8,             '999D9') ),
+       ( to_char( -125.8::numeric,            '999D99S') );
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) = 19::bigint AS t FROM try;
+
+SELECT like_escape( name, '' ) = like_escape( name::text, '' ) AS t FROM srt;
+SELECT like_escape( name::text, ''::citext ) = like_escape( name::text, '' ) AS t FROM srt;
+
+-- Ensure correct behavior for citext with materialized views.
+CREATE TABLE citext_table (
+  id serial primary key,
+  name citext
+);
+INSERT INTO citext_table (name)
+  VALUES ('one'), ('two'), ('three'), (NULL), (NULL);
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW citext_matview AS
+  SELECT * FROM citext_table;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX citext_matview_id
+  ON citext_matview (id);
+SELECT *
+  FROM citext_matview m
+  FULL JOIN citext_table t ON (t.id = m.id AND t *= m)
+  WHERE t.id IS NULL OR m.id IS NULL;
+UPDATE citext_table SET name = 'Two' WHERE name = 'TWO';
+SELECT *
+  FROM citext_matview m
+  FULL JOIN citext_table t ON (t.id = m.id AND t *= m)
+  WHERE t.id IS NULL OR m.id IS NULL;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY citext_matview;
+SELECT * FROM citext_matview ORDER BY id;
+
+-- test citext_pattern_cmp() function explicitly.
+SELECT citext_pattern_cmp('aardvark'::citext, 'aardvark'::citext) AS zero;
+SELECT citext_pattern_cmp('aardvark'::citext, 'aardVark'::citext) AS zero;
+SELECT citext_pattern_cmp('AARDVARK'::citext, 'AARDVARK'::citext) AS zero;
+SELECT citext_pattern_cmp('B'::citext, 'a'::citext) > 0 AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_cmp('a'::citext, 'B'::citext) < 0 AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_cmp('A'::citext, 'b'::citext) < 0 AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_cmp('ABCD'::citext, 'abc'::citext) > 0 AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_cmp('ABC'::citext, 'abcd'::citext) < 0 AS true;
+
+-- test operator functions
+-- lt
+SELECT citext_pattern_lt('a'::citext, 'b'::citext) AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_lt('A'::citext, 'b'::citext) AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_lt('a'::citext, 'B'::citext) AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_lt('b'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS false;
+SELECT citext_pattern_lt('B'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS false;
+SELECT citext_pattern_lt('b'::citext, 'A'::citext) AS false;
+-- le
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('a'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('a'::citext, 'A'::citext) AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('A'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('A'::citext, 'A'::citext) AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('a'::citext, 'B'::citext) AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('A'::citext, 'b'::citext) AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('a'::citext, 'B'::citext) AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('b'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS false;
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('B'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS false;
+SELECT citext_pattern_le('b'::citext, 'A'::citext) AS false;
+-- gt
+SELECT citext_pattern_gt('a'::citext, 'b'::citext) AS false;
+SELECT citext_pattern_gt('A'::citext, 'b'::citext) AS false;
+SELECT citext_pattern_gt('a'::citext, 'B'::citext) AS false;
+SELECT citext_pattern_gt('b'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_gt('B'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_gt('b'::citext, 'A'::citext) AS true;
+-- ge
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('a'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('a'::citext, 'A'::citext) AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('A'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('A'::citext, 'A'::citext) AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('a'::citext, 'B'::citext) AS false;
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('A'::citext, 'b'::citext) AS false;
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('a'::citext, 'B'::citext) AS false;
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('b'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('B'::citext, 'a'::citext) AS true;
+SELECT citext_pattern_ge('b'::citext, 'A'::citext) AS true;
+
+-- Multi-byte tests below are disabled like the sanity tests above.
+-- Uncomment to run them.
+
+-- Test ~<~ and ~<=~
+SELECT 'a'::citext ~<~  'B'::citext AS t;
+SELECT 'b'::citext ~<~  'A'::citext AS f;
+-- SELECT 'à'::citext ~<~  'À'::citext AS f;
+SELECT 'a'::citext ~<=~ 'B'::citext AS t;
+SELECT 'a'::citext ~<=~ 'A'::citext AS t;
+-- SELECT 'à'::citext ~<=~ 'À'::citext AS t;
+
+-- Test ~>~ and ~>=~
+SELECT 'B'::citext ~>~  'a'::citext AS t;
+SELECT 'b'::citext ~>~  'A'::citext AS t;
+-- SELECT 'à'::citext ~>~  'À'::citext AS f;
+SELECT 'B'::citext ~>~  'b'::citext AS f;
+SELECT 'B'::citext ~>=~ 'b'::citext AS t;
+-- SELECT 'à'::citext ~>=~ 'À'::citext AS t;
+
+-- Test implicit casting. citext casts to text, but not vice-versa.
+SELECT 'B'::citext ~<~  'a'::text AS t;  -- text wins.
+SELECT 'B'::citext ~<=~ 'a'::text AS t;  -- text wins.
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext ~>~  'B'::text AS t;  -- text wins.
+SELECT 'a'::citext ~>=~ 'B'::text AS t;  -- text wins.
+
+-- Test implicit casting. citext casts to varchar, but not vice-versa.
+SELECT 'B'::citext ~<~  'a'::varchar AS t;  -- varchar wins.
+SELECT 'B'::citext ~<=~ 'a'::varchar AS t;  -- varchar wins.
+
+SELECT 'a'::citext ~>~  'B'::varchar AS t;  -- varchar wins.
+SELECT 'a'::citext ~>=~ 'B'::varchar AS t;  -- varchar wins.