Adding upstream version 13.4.upstream/13.4upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 1933 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dumpall.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dumpall.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0bc74da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dumpall.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1933 @@
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * pg_dumpall.c
+ *
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2020, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+ *
+ * pg_dumpall forces all pg_dump output to be text, since it also outputs
+ * text into the same output stream.
+ *
+ * src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dumpall.c
+ *
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+
+#include "postgres_fe.h"
+
+#include <time.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "common/connect.h"
+#include "common/file_utils.h"
+#include "common/logging.h"
+#include "dumputils.h"
+#include "fe_utils/string_utils.h"
+#include "getopt_long.h"
+#include "pg_backup.h"
+
+/* version string we expect back from pg_dump */
+#define PGDUMP_VERSIONSTR "pg_dump (PostgreSQL) " PG_VERSION "\n"
+
+
+static void help(void);
+
+static void dropRoles(PGconn *conn);
+static void dumpRoles(PGconn *conn);
+static void dumpRoleMembership(PGconn *conn);
+static void dumpGroups(PGconn *conn);
+static void dropTablespaces(PGconn *conn);
+static void dumpTablespaces(PGconn *conn);
+static void dropDBs(PGconn *conn);
+static void dumpUserConfig(PGconn *conn, const char *username);
+static void dumpDatabases(PGconn *conn);
+static void dumpTimestamp(const char *msg);
+static int	runPgDump(const char *dbname, const char *create_opts);
+static void buildShSecLabels(PGconn *conn,
+							 const char *catalog_name, Oid objectId,
+							 const char *objtype, const char *objname,
+							 PQExpBuffer buffer);
+static PGconn *connectDatabase(const char *dbname, const char *connstr, const char *pghost, const char *pgport,
+							   const char *pguser, trivalue prompt_password, bool fail_on_error);
+static char *constructConnStr(const char **keywords, const char **values);
+static PGresult *executeQuery(PGconn *conn, const char *query);
+static void executeCommand(PGconn *conn, const char *query);
+static void expand_dbname_patterns(PGconn *conn, SimpleStringList *patterns,
+								   SimpleStringList *names);
+
+static char pg_dump_bin[MAXPGPATH];
+static const char *progname;
+static PQExpBuffer pgdumpopts;
+static char *connstr = "";
+static bool output_clean = false;
+static bool skip_acls = false;
+static bool verbose = false;
+static bool dosync = true;
+
+static int	binary_upgrade = 0;
+static int	column_inserts = 0;
+static int	disable_dollar_quoting = 0;
+static int	disable_triggers = 0;
+static int	if_exists = 0;
+static int	inserts = 0;
+static int	no_tablespaces = 0;
+static int	use_setsessauth = 0;
+static int	no_comments = 0;
+static int	no_publications = 0;
+static int	no_security_labels = 0;
+static int	no_subscriptions = 0;
+static int	no_unlogged_table_data = 0;
+static int	no_role_passwords = 0;
+static int	server_version;
+static int	load_via_partition_root = 0;
+static int	on_conflict_do_nothing = 0;
+
+static char role_catalog[10];
+#define PG_AUTHID "pg_authid"
+#define PG_ROLES  "pg_roles "
+
+static FILE *OPF;
+static char *filename = NULL;
+
+static SimpleStringList database_exclude_patterns = {NULL, NULL};
+static SimpleStringList database_exclude_names = {NULL, NULL};
+
+#define exit_nicely(code) exit(code)
+
+int
+main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	static struct option long_options[] = {
+		{"data-only", no_argument, NULL, 'a'},
+		{"clean", no_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"encoding", required_argument, NULL, 'E'},
+		{"file", required_argument, NULL, 'f'},
+		{"globals-only", no_argument, NULL, 'g'},
+		{"host", required_argument, NULL, 'h'},
+		{"dbname", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
+		{"database", required_argument, NULL, 'l'},
+		{"no-owner", no_argument, NULL, 'O'},
+		{"port", required_argument, NULL, 'p'},
+		{"roles-only", no_argument, NULL, 'r'},
+		{"schema-only", no_argument, NULL, 's'},
+		{"superuser", required_argument, NULL, 'S'},
+		{"tablespaces-only", no_argument, NULL, 't'},
+		{"username", required_argument, NULL, 'U'},
+		{"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
+		{"no-password", no_argument, NULL, 'w'},
+		{"password", no_argument, NULL, 'W'},
+		{"no-privileges", no_argument, NULL, 'x'},
+		{"no-acl", no_argument, NULL, 'x'},
+
+		/*
+		 * the following options don't have an equivalent short option letter
+		 */
+		{"attribute-inserts", no_argument, &column_inserts, 1},
+		{"binary-upgrade", no_argument, &binary_upgrade, 1},
+		{"column-inserts", no_argument, &column_inserts, 1},
+		{"disable-dollar-quoting", no_argument, &disable_dollar_quoting, 1},
+		{"disable-triggers", no_argument, &disable_triggers, 1},
+		{"exclude-database", required_argument, NULL, 6},
+		{"extra-float-digits", required_argument, NULL, 5},
+		{"if-exists", no_argument, &if_exists, 1},
+		{"inserts", no_argument, &inserts, 1},
+		{"lock-wait-timeout", required_argument, NULL, 2},
+		{"no-tablespaces", no_argument, &no_tablespaces, 1},
+		{"quote-all-identifiers", no_argument, &quote_all_identifiers, 1},
+		{"load-via-partition-root", no_argument, &load_via_partition_root, 1},
+		{"role", required_argument, NULL, 3},
+		{"use-set-session-authorization", no_argument, &use_setsessauth, 1},
+		{"no-comments", no_argument, &no_comments, 1},
+		{"no-publications", no_argument, &no_publications, 1},
+		{"no-role-passwords", no_argument, &no_role_passwords, 1},
+		{"no-security-labels", no_argument, &no_security_labels, 1},
+		{"no-subscriptions", no_argument, &no_subscriptions, 1},
+		{"no-sync", no_argument, NULL, 4},
+		{"no-unlogged-table-data", no_argument, &no_unlogged_table_data, 1},
+		{"on-conflict-do-nothing", no_argument, &on_conflict_do_nothing, 1},
+		{"rows-per-insert", required_argument, NULL, 7},
+
+		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
+	};
+
+	char	   *pghost = NULL;
+	char	   *pgport = NULL;
+	char	   *pguser = NULL;
+	char	   *pgdb = NULL;
+	char	   *use_role = NULL;
+	const char *dumpencoding = NULL;
+	trivalue	prompt_password = TRI_DEFAULT;
+	bool		data_only = false;
+	bool		globals_only = false;
+	bool		roles_only = false;
+	bool		tablespaces_only = false;
+	PGconn	   *conn;
+	int			encoding;
+	const char *std_strings;
+	int			c,
+				ret;
+	int			optindex;
+
+	pg_logging_init(argv[0]);
+	pg_logging_set_level(PG_LOG_WARNING);
+	set_pglocale_pgservice(argv[0], PG_TEXTDOMAIN("pg_dump"));
+	progname = get_progname(argv[0]);
+
+	if (argc > 1)
+	{
+		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
+		{
+			help();
+			exit_nicely(0);
+		}
+		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
+		{
+			puts("pg_dumpall (PostgreSQL) " PG_VERSION);
+			exit_nicely(0);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ((ret = find_other_exec(argv[0], "pg_dump", PGDUMP_VERSIONSTR,
+							   pg_dump_bin)) < 0)
+	{
+		char		full_path[MAXPGPATH];
+
+		if (find_my_exec(argv[0], full_path) < 0)
+			strlcpy(full_path, progname, sizeof(full_path));
+
+		if (ret == -1)
+			pg_log_error("The program \"%s\" is needed by %s but was not found in the\n"
+						 "same directory as \"%s\".\n"
+						 "Check your installation.",
+						 "pg_dump", progname, full_path);
+		else
+			pg_log_error("The program \"%s\" was found by \"%s\"\n"
+						 "but was not the same version as %s.\n"
+						 "Check your installation.",
+						 "pg_dump", full_path, progname);
+		exit_nicely(1);
+	}
+
+	pgdumpopts = createPQExpBuffer();
+
+	while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "acd:E:f:gh:l:Op:rsS:tU:vwWx", long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
+	{
+		switch (c)
+		{
+			case 'a':
+				data_only = true;
+				appendPQExpBufferStr(pgdumpopts, " -a");
+				break;
+
+			case 'c':
+				output_clean = true;
+				break;
+
+			case 'd':
+				connstr = pg_strdup(optarg);
+				break;
+
+			case 'E':
+				dumpencoding = pg_strdup(optarg);
+				appendPQExpBufferStr(pgdumpopts, " -E ");
+				appendShellString(pgdumpopts, optarg);
+				break;
+
+			case 'f':
+				filename = pg_strdup(optarg);
+				appendPQExpBufferStr(pgdumpopts, " -f ");
+				appendShellString(pgdumpopts, filename);
+				break;
+
+			case 'g':
+				globals_only = true;
+				break;
+
+			case 'h':
+				pghost = pg_strdup(optarg);
+				break;
+
+			case 'l':
+				pgdb = pg_strdup(optarg);
+				break;
+
+			case 'O':
+				appendPQExpBufferStr(pgdumpopts, " -O");
+				break;
+
+			case 'p':
+				pgport = pg_strdup(optarg);
+				break;
+
+			case 'r':
+				roles_only = true;
+				break;
+
+			case 's':
+				appendPQExpBufferStr(pgdumpopts, " -s");
+				break;
+
+			case 'S':
+				appendPQExpBufferStr(pgdumpopts, " -S ");
+				appendShellString(pgdumpopts, optarg);
+				break;
+
+			case 't':
+				tablespaces_only = true;
+				break;
+
+			case 'U':
+				pguser = pg_strdup(optarg);
+				break;
+
+			case 'v':
+				verbose = true;
+				pg_logging_set_level(PG_LOG_INFO);
+				appendPQExpBufferStr(pgdumpopts, " -v");
+				break;
+
+			case 'w':
+				prompt_password = TRI_NO;
+				appendPQExpBufferStr(pgdumpopts, " -w");
+				break;
+
+			case 'W':
+				prompt_password = TRI_YES;
+				appendPQExpBufferStr(pgdumpopts, " -W");
+				break;
+
+			case 'x':
+				skip_acls = true;
+				appendPQExpBufferStr(pgdumpopts, " -x");
+				break;
+
+			case 0:
+				break;
+
+			case 2:
+				appendPQExpBufferStr(pgdumpopts, " --lock-wait-timeout ");
+				appendShellString(pgdumpopts, optarg);
+				break;
+
+			case 3:
+				use_role = pg_strdup(optarg);
+				appendPQExpBufferStr(pgdumpopts, " --role ");
+				appendShellString(pgdumpopts, use_role);
+				break;
+
+			case 4:
+				dosync = false;
+				appendPQExpBufferStr(pgdumpopts, " --no-sync");
+				break;
+
+			case 5:
+				appendPQExpBufferStr(pgdumpopts, " --extra-float-digits ");
+				appendShellString(pgdumpopts, optarg);
+				break;
+
+			case 6:
+				simple_string_list_append(&database_exclude_patterns, optarg);
+				break;
+
+			case 7:
+				appendPQExpBufferStr(pgdumpopts, " --rows-per-insert ");
+				appendShellString(pgdumpopts, optarg);
+				break;
+
+			default:
+				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"), progname);
+				exit_nicely(1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Complain if any arguments remain */
+	if (optind < argc)
+	{
+		pg_log_error("too many command-line arguments (first is \"%s\")",
+					 argv[optind]);
+		fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
+				progname);
+		exit_nicely(1);
+	}
+
+	if (database_exclude_patterns.head != NULL &&
+		(globals_only || roles_only || tablespaces_only))
+	{
+		pg_log_error("option --exclude-database cannot be used together with -g/--globals-only, -r/--roles-only, or -t/--tablespaces-only");
+		fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
+				progname);
+		exit_nicely(1);
+	}
+
+	/* Make sure the user hasn't specified a mix of globals-only options */
+	if (globals_only && roles_only)
+	{
+		pg_log_error("options -g/--globals-only and -r/--roles-only cannot be used together");
+		fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
+				progname);
+		exit_nicely(1);
+	}
+
+	if (globals_only && tablespaces_only)
+	{
+		pg_log_error("options -g/--globals-only and -t/--tablespaces-only cannot be used together");
+		fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
+				progname);
+		exit_nicely(1);
+	}
+
+	if (if_exists && !output_clean)
+	{
+		pg_log_error("option --if-exists requires option -c/--clean");
+		exit_nicely(1);
+	}
+
+	if (roles_only && tablespaces_only)
+	{
+		pg_log_error("options -r/--roles-only and -t/--tablespaces-only cannot be used together");
+		fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
+				progname);
+		exit_nicely(1);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If password values are not required in the dump, switch to using
+	 * pg_roles which is equally useful, just more likely to have unrestricted
+	 * access than pg_authid.
+	 */
+	if (no_role_passwords)
+		sprintf(role_catalog, "%s", PG_ROLES);
+	else
+		sprintf(role_catalog, "%s", PG_AUTHID);
+
+	/* Add long options to the pg_dump argument list */
+	if (binary_upgrade)
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(pgdumpopts, " --binary-upgrade");
+	if (column_inserts)
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(pgdumpopts, " --column-inserts");
+	if (disable_dollar_quoting)
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(pgdumpopts, " --disable-dollar-quoting");
+	if (disable_triggers)
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(pgdumpopts, " --disable-triggers");
+	if (inserts)
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(pgdumpopts, " --inserts");
+	if (no_tablespaces)
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(pgdumpopts, " --no-tablespaces");
+	if (quote_all_identifiers)
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(pgdumpopts, " --quote-all-identifiers");
+	if (load_via_partition_root)
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(pgdumpopts, " --load-via-partition-root");
+	if (use_setsessauth)
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(pgdumpopts, " --use-set-session-authorization");
+	if (no_comments)
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(pgdumpopts, " --no-comments");
+	if (no_publications)
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(pgdumpopts, " --no-publications");
+	if (no_security_labels)
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(pgdumpopts, " --no-security-labels");
+	if (no_subscriptions)
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(pgdumpopts, " --no-subscriptions");
+	if (no_unlogged_table_data)
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(pgdumpopts, " --no-unlogged-table-data");
+	if (on_conflict_do_nothing)
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(pgdumpopts, " --on-conflict-do-nothing");
+
+	/*
+	 * If there was a database specified on the command line, use that,
+	 * otherwise try to connect to database "postgres", and failing that
+	 * "template1".  "postgres" is the preferred choice for 8.1 and later
+	 * servers, but it usually will not exist on older ones.
+	 */
+	if (pgdb)
+	{
+		conn = connectDatabase(pgdb, connstr, pghost, pgport, pguser,
+							   prompt_password, false);
+
+		if (!conn)
+		{
+			pg_log_error("could not connect to database \"%s\"", pgdb);
+			exit_nicely(1);
+		}
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		conn = connectDatabase("postgres", connstr, pghost, pgport, pguser,
+							   prompt_password, false);
+		if (!conn)
+			conn = connectDatabase("template1", connstr, pghost, pgport, pguser,
+								   prompt_password, true);
+
+		if (!conn)
+		{
+			pg_log_error("could not connect to databases \"postgres\" or \"template1\"\n"
+						 "Please specify an alternative database.");
+			fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
+					progname);
+			exit_nicely(1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Get a list of database names that match the exclude patterns
+	 */
+	expand_dbname_patterns(conn, &database_exclude_patterns,
+						   &database_exclude_names);
+
+	/*
+	 * Open the output file if required, otherwise use stdout
+	 */
+	if (filename)
+	{
+		OPF = fopen(filename, PG_BINARY_W);
+		if (!OPF)
+		{
+			pg_log_error("could not open output file \"%s\": %m",
+						 filename);
+			exit_nicely(1);
+		}
+	}
+	else
+		OPF = stdout;
+
+	/*
+	 * Set the client encoding if requested.
+	 */
+	if (dumpencoding)
+	{
+		if (PQsetClientEncoding(conn, dumpencoding) < 0)
+		{
+			pg_log_error("invalid client encoding \"%s\" specified",
+						 dumpencoding);
+			exit_nicely(1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Get the active encoding and the standard_conforming_strings setting, so
+	 * we know how to escape strings.
+	 */
+	encoding = PQclientEncoding(conn);
+	std_strings = PQparameterStatus(conn, "standard_conforming_strings");
+	if (!std_strings)
+		std_strings = "off";
+
+	/* Set the role if requested */
+	if (use_role && server_version >= 80100)
+	{
+		PQExpBuffer query = createPQExpBuffer();
+
+		appendPQExpBuffer(query, "SET ROLE %s", fmtId(use_role));
+		executeCommand(conn, query->data);
+		destroyPQExpBuffer(query);
+	}
+
+	/* Force quoting of all identifiers if requested. */
+	if (quote_all_identifiers && server_version >= 90100)
+		executeCommand(conn, "SET quote_all_identifiers = true");
+
+	fprintf(OPF, "--\n-- PostgreSQL database cluster dump\n--\n\n");
+	if (verbose)
+		dumpTimestamp("Started on");
+
+	/*
+	 * We used to emit \connect postgres here, but that served no purpose
+	 * other than to break things for installations without a postgres
+	 * database.  Everything we're restoring here is a global, so whichever
+	 * database we're connected to at the moment is fine.
+	 */
+
+	/* Restore will need to write to the target cluster */
+	fprintf(OPF, "SET default_transaction_read_only = off;\n\n");
+
+	/* Replicate encoding and std_strings in output */
+	fprintf(OPF, "SET client_encoding = '%s';\n",
+			pg_encoding_to_char(encoding));
+	fprintf(OPF, "SET standard_conforming_strings = %s;\n", std_strings);
+	if (strcmp(std_strings, "off") == 0)
+		fprintf(OPF, "SET escape_string_warning = off;\n");
+	fprintf(OPF, "\n");
+
+	if (!data_only)
+	{
+		/*
+		 * If asked to --clean, do that first.  We can avoid detailed
+		 * dependency analysis because databases never depend on each other,
+		 * and tablespaces never depend on each other.  Roles could have
+		 * grants to each other, but DROP ROLE will clean those up silently.
+		 */
+		if (output_clean)
+		{
+			if (!globals_only && !roles_only && !tablespaces_only)
+				dropDBs(conn);
+
+			if (!roles_only && !no_tablespaces)
+				dropTablespaces(conn);
+
+			if (!tablespaces_only)
+				dropRoles(conn);
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Now create objects as requested.  Be careful that option logic here
+		 * is the same as for drops above.
+		 */
+		if (!tablespaces_only)
+		{
+			/* Dump roles (users) */
+			dumpRoles(conn);
+
+			/* Dump role memberships --- need different method for pre-8.1 */
+			if (server_version >= 80100)
+				dumpRoleMembership(conn);
+			else
+				dumpGroups(conn);
+		}
+
+		/* Dump tablespaces */
+		if (!roles_only && !no_tablespaces)
+			dumpTablespaces(conn);
+	}
+
+	if (!globals_only && !roles_only && !tablespaces_only)
+		dumpDatabases(conn);
+
+	PQfinish(conn);
+
+	if (verbose)
+		dumpTimestamp("Completed on");
+	fprintf(OPF, "--\n-- PostgreSQL database cluster dump complete\n--\n\n");
+
+	if (filename)
+	{
+		fclose(OPF);
+
+		/* sync the resulting file, errors are not fatal */
+		if (dosync)
+			(void) fsync_fname(filename, false);
+	}
+
+	exit_nicely(0);
+}
+
+
+static void
+help(void)
+{
+	printf(_("%s extracts a PostgreSQL database cluster into an SQL script file.\n\n"), progname);
+	printf(_("Usage:\n"));
+	printf(_("  %s [OPTION]...\n"), progname);
+
+	printf(_("\nGeneral options:\n"));
+	printf(_("  -f, --file=FILENAME          output file name\n"));
+	printf(_("  -v, --verbose                verbose mode\n"));
+	printf(_("  -V, --version                output version information, then exit\n"));
+	printf(_("  --lock-wait-timeout=TIMEOUT  fail after waiting TIMEOUT for a table lock\n"));
+	printf(_("  -?, --help                   show this help, then exit\n"));
+	printf(_("\nOptions controlling the output content:\n"));
+	printf(_("  -a, --data-only              dump only the data, not the schema\n"));
+	printf(_("  -c, --clean                  clean (drop) databases before recreating\n"));
+	printf(_("  -E, --encoding=ENCODING      dump the data in encoding ENCODING\n"));
+	printf(_("  -g, --globals-only           dump only global objects, no databases\n"));
+	printf(_("  -O, --no-owner               skip restoration of object ownership\n"));
+	printf(_("  -r, --roles-only             dump only roles, no databases or tablespaces\n"));
+	printf(_("  -s, --schema-only            dump only the schema, no data\n"));
+	printf(_("  -S, --superuser=NAME         superuser user name to use in the dump\n"));
+	printf(_("  -t, --tablespaces-only       dump only tablespaces, no databases or roles\n"));
+	printf(_("  -x, --no-privileges          do not dump privileges (grant/revoke)\n"));
+	printf(_("  --binary-upgrade             for use by upgrade utilities only\n"));
+	printf(_("  --column-inserts             dump data as INSERT commands with column names\n"));
+	printf(_("  --disable-dollar-quoting     disable dollar quoting, use SQL standard quoting\n"));
+	printf(_("  --disable-triggers           disable triggers during data-only restore\n"));
+	printf(_("  --exclude-database=PATTERN   exclude databases whose name matches PATTERN\n"));
+	printf(_("  --extra-float-digits=NUM     override default setting for extra_float_digits\n"));
+	printf(_("  --if-exists                  use IF EXISTS when dropping objects\n"));
+	printf(_("  --inserts                    dump data as INSERT commands, rather than COPY\n"));
+	printf(_("  --load-via-partition-root    load partitions via the root table\n"));
+	printf(_("  --no-comments                do not dump comments\n"));
+	printf(_("  --no-publications            do not dump publications\n"));
+	printf(_("  --no-role-passwords          do not dump passwords for roles\n"));
+	printf(_("  --no-security-labels         do not dump security label assignments\n"));
+	printf(_("  --no-subscriptions           do not dump subscriptions\n"));
+	printf(_("  --no-sync                    do not wait for changes to be written safely to disk\n"));
+	printf(_("  --no-tablespaces             do not dump tablespace assignments\n"));
+	printf(_("  --no-unlogged-table-data     do not dump unlogged table data\n"));
+	printf(_("  --on-conflict-do-nothing     add ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING to INSERT commands\n"));
+	printf(_("  --quote-all-identifiers      quote all identifiers, even if not key words\n"));
+	printf(_("  --rows-per-insert=NROWS      number of rows per INSERT; implies --inserts\n"));
+	printf(_("  --use-set-session-authorization\n"
+			 "                               use SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION commands instead of\n"
+			 "                               ALTER OWNER commands to set ownership\n"));
+
+	printf(_("\nConnection options:\n"));
+	printf(_("  -d, --dbname=CONNSTR     connect using connection string\n"));
+	printf(_("  -h, --host=HOSTNAME      database server host or socket directory\n"));
+	printf(_("  -l, --database=DBNAME    alternative default database\n"));
+	printf(_("  -p, --port=PORT          database server port number\n"));
+	printf(_("  -U, --username=NAME      connect as specified database user\n"));
+	printf(_("  -w, --no-password        never prompt for password\n"));
+	printf(_("  -W, --password           force password prompt (should happen automatically)\n"));
+	printf(_("  --role=ROLENAME          do SET ROLE before dump\n"));
+
+	printf(_("\nIf -f/--file is not used, then the SQL script will be written to the standard\n"
+			 "output.\n\n"));
+	printf(_("Report bugs to <%s>.\n"), PACKAGE_BUGREPORT);
+	printf(_("%s home page: <%s>\n"), PACKAGE_NAME, PACKAGE_URL);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Drop roles
+ */
+static void
+dropRoles(PGconn *conn)
+{
+	PQExpBuffer buf = createPQExpBuffer();
+	PGresult   *res;
+	int			i_rolname;
+	int			i;
+
+	if (server_version >= 90600)
+		printfPQExpBuffer(buf,
+						  "SELECT rolname "
+						  "FROM %s "
+						  "WHERE rolname !~ '^pg_' "
+						  "ORDER BY 1", role_catalog);
+	else if (server_version >= 80100)
+		printfPQExpBuffer(buf,
+						  "SELECT rolname "
+						  "FROM %s "
+						  "ORDER BY 1", role_catalog);
+	else
+		printfPQExpBuffer(buf,
+						  "SELECT usename as rolname "
+						  "FROM pg_shadow "
+						  "UNION "
+						  "SELECT groname as rolname "
+						  "FROM pg_group "
+						  "ORDER BY 1");
+
+	res = executeQuery(conn, buf->data);
+
+	i_rolname = PQfnumber(res, "rolname");
+
+	if (PQntuples(res) > 0)
+		fprintf(OPF, "--\n-- Drop roles\n--\n\n");
+
+	for (i = 0; i < PQntuples(res); i++)
+	{
+		const char *rolename;
+
+		rolename = PQgetvalue(res, i, i_rolname);
+
+		fprintf(OPF, "DROP ROLE %s%s;\n",
+				if_exists ? "IF EXISTS " : "",
+				fmtId(rolename));
+	}
+
+	PQclear(res);
+	destroyPQExpBuffer(buf);
+
+	fprintf(OPF, "\n\n");
+}
+
+/*
+ * Dump roles
+ */
+static void
+dumpRoles(PGconn *conn)
+{
+	PQExpBuffer buf = createPQExpBuffer();
+	PGresult   *res;
+	int			i_oid,
+				i_rolname,
+				i_rolsuper,
+				i_rolinherit,
+				i_rolcreaterole,
+				i_rolcreatedb,
+				i_rolcanlogin,
+				i_rolconnlimit,
+				i_rolpassword,
+				i_rolvaliduntil,
+				i_rolreplication,
+				i_rolbypassrls,
+				i_rolcomment,
+				i_is_current_user;
+	int			i;
+
+	/* note: rolconfig is dumped later */
+	if (server_version >= 90600)
+		printfPQExpBuffer(buf,
+						  "SELECT oid, rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, "
+						  "rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, "
+						  "rolcanlogin, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, "
+						  "rolvaliduntil, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, "
+						  "pg_catalog.shobj_description(oid, '%s') as rolcomment, "
+						  "rolname = current_user AS is_current_user "
+						  "FROM %s "
+						  "WHERE rolname !~ '^pg_' "
+						  "ORDER BY 2", role_catalog, role_catalog);
+	else if (server_version >= 90500)
+		printfPQExpBuffer(buf,
+						  "SELECT oid, rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, "
+						  "rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, "
+						  "rolcanlogin, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, "
+						  "rolvaliduntil, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, "
+						  "pg_catalog.shobj_description(oid, '%s') as rolcomment, "
+						  "rolname = current_user AS is_current_user "
+						  "FROM %s "
+						  "ORDER BY 2", role_catalog, role_catalog);
+	else if (server_version >= 90100)
+		printfPQExpBuffer(buf,
+						  "SELECT oid, rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, "
+						  "rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, "
+						  "rolcanlogin, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, "
+						  "rolvaliduntil, rolreplication, "
+						  "false as rolbypassrls, "
+						  "pg_catalog.shobj_description(oid, '%s') as rolcomment, "
+						  "rolname = current_user AS is_current_user "
+						  "FROM %s "
+						  "ORDER BY 2", role_catalog, role_catalog);
+	else if (server_version >= 80200)
+		printfPQExpBuffer(buf,
+						  "SELECT oid, rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, "
+						  "rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, "
+						  "rolcanlogin, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, "
+						  "rolvaliduntil, false as rolreplication, "
+						  "false as rolbypassrls, "
+						  "pg_catalog.shobj_description(oid, '%s') as rolcomment, "
+						  "rolname = current_user AS is_current_user "
+						  "FROM %s "
+						  "ORDER BY 2", role_catalog, role_catalog);
+	else if (server_version >= 80100)
+		printfPQExpBuffer(buf,
+						  "SELECT oid, rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, "
+						  "rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, "
+						  "rolcanlogin, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, "
+						  "rolvaliduntil, false as rolreplication, "
+						  "false as rolbypassrls, "
+						  "null as rolcomment, "
+						  "rolname = current_user AS is_current_user "
+						  "FROM %s "
+						  "ORDER BY 2", role_catalog);
+	else
+		printfPQExpBuffer(buf,
+						  "SELECT 0 as oid, usename as rolname, "
+						  "usesuper as rolsuper, "
+						  "true as rolinherit, "
+						  "usesuper as rolcreaterole, "
+						  "usecreatedb as rolcreatedb, "
+						  "true as rolcanlogin, "
+						  "-1 as rolconnlimit, "
+						  "passwd as rolpassword, "
+						  "valuntil as rolvaliduntil, "
+						  "false as rolreplication, "
+						  "false as rolbypassrls, "
+						  "null as rolcomment, "
+						  "usename = current_user AS is_current_user "
+						  "FROM pg_shadow "
+						  "UNION ALL "
+						  "SELECT 0 as oid, groname as rolname, "
+						  "false as rolsuper, "
+						  "true as rolinherit, "
+						  "false as rolcreaterole, "
+						  "false as rolcreatedb, "
+						  "false as rolcanlogin, "
+						  "-1 as rolconnlimit, "
+						  "null::text as rolpassword, "
+						  "null::timestamptz as rolvaliduntil, "
+						  "false as rolreplication, "
+						  "false as rolbypassrls, "
+						  "null as rolcomment, "
+						  "false AS is_current_user "
+						  "FROM pg_group "
+						  "WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM pg_shadow "
+						  " WHERE usename = groname) "
+						  "ORDER BY 2");
+
+	res = executeQuery(conn, buf->data);
+
+	i_oid = PQfnumber(res, "oid");
+	i_rolname = PQfnumber(res, "rolname");
+	i_rolsuper = PQfnumber(res, "rolsuper");
+	i_rolinherit = PQfnumber(res, "rolinherit");
+	i_rolcreaterole = PQfnumber(res, "rolcreaterole");
+	i_rolcreatedb = PQfnumber(res, "rolcreatedb");
+	i_rolcanlogin = PQfnumber(res, "rolcanlogin");
+	i_rolconnlimit = PQfnumber(res, "rolconnlimit");
+	i_rolpassword = PQfnumber(res, "rolpassword");
+	i_rolvaliduntil = PQfnumber(res, "rolvaliduntil");
+	i_rolreplication = PQfnumber(res, "rolreplication");
+	i_rolbypassrls = PQfnumber(res, "rolbypassrls");
+	i_rolcomment = PQfnumber(res, "rolcomment");
+	i_is_current_user = PQfnumber(res, "is_current_user");
+
+	if (PQntuples(res) > 0)
+		fprintf(OPF, "--\n-- Roles\n--\n\n");
+
+	for (i = 0; i < PQntuples(res); i++)
+	{
+		const char *rolename;
+		Oid			auth_oid;
+
+		auth_oid = atooid(PQgetvalue(res, i, i_oid));
+		rolename = PQgetvalue(res, i, i_rolname);
+
+		if (strncmp(rolename, "pg_", 3) == 0)
+		{
+			pg_log_warning("role name starting with \"pg_\" skipped (%s)",
+						   rolename);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		resetPQExpBuffer(buf);
+
+		if (binary_upgrade)
+		{
+			appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, "\n-- For binary upgrade, must preserve pg_authid.oid\n");
+			appendPQExpBuffer(buf,
+							  "SELECT pg_catalog.binary_upgrade_set_next_pg_authid_oid('%u'::pg_catalog.oid);\n\n",
+							  auth_oid);
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * We dump CREATE ROLE followed by ALTER ROLE to ensure that the role
+		 * will acquire the right properties even if it already exists (ie, it
+		 * won't hurt for the CREATE to fail).  This is particularly important
+		 * for the role we are connected as, since even with --clean we will
+		 * have failed to drop it.  binary_upgrade cannot generate any errors,
+		 * so we assume the current role is already created.
+		 */
+		if (!binary_upgrade ||
+			strcmp(PQgetvalue(res, i, i_is_current_user), "f") == 0)
+			appendPQExpBuffer(buf, "CREATE ROLE %s;\n", fmtId(rolename));
+		appendPQExpBuffer(buf, "ALTER ROLE %s WITH", fmtId(rolename));
+
+		if (strcmp(PQgetvalue(res, i, i_rolsuper), "t") == 0)
+			appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, " SUPERUSER");
+		else
+			appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, " NOSUPERUSER");
+
+		if (strcmp(PQgetvalue(res, i, i_rolinherit), "t") == 0)
+			appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, " INHERIT");
+		else
+			appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, " NOINHERIT");
+
+		if (strcmp(PQgetvalue(res, i, i_rolcreaterole), "t") == 0)
+			appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, " CREATEROLE");
+		else
+			appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, " NOCREATEROLE");
+
+		if (strcmp(PQgetvalue(res, i, i_rolcreatedb), "t") == 0)
+			appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, " CREATEDB");
+		else
+			appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, " NOCREATEDB");
+
+		if (strcmp(PQgetvalue(res, i, i_rolcanlogin), "t") == 0)
+			appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, " LOGIN");
+		else
+			appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, " NOLOGIN");
+
+		if (strcmp(PQgetvalue(res, i, i_rolreplication), "t") == 0)
+			appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, " REPLICATION");
+		else
+			appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, " NOREPLICATION");
+
+		if (strcmp(PQgetvalue(res, i, i_rolbypassrls), "t") == 0)
+			appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, " BYPASSRLS");
+		else
+			appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, " NOBYPASSRLS");
+
+		if (strcmp(PQgetvalue(res, i, i_rolconnlimit), "-1") != 0)
+			appendPQExpBuffer(buf, " CONNECTION LIMIT %s",
+							  PQgetvalue(res, i, i_rolconnlimit));
+
+
+		if (!PQgetisnull(res, i, i_rolpassword) && !no_role_passwords)
+		{
+			appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, " PASSWORD ");
+			appendStringLiteralConn(buf, PQgetvalue(res, i, i_rolpassword), conn);
+		}
+
+		if (!PQgetisnull(res, i, i_rolvaliduntil))
+			appendPQExpBuffer(buf, " VALID UNTIL '%s'",
+							  PQgetvalue(res, i, i_rolvaliduntil));
+
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, ";\n");
+
+		if (!no_comments && !PQgetisnull(res, i, i_rolcomment))
+		{
+			appendPQExpBuffer(buf, "COMMENT ON ROLE %s IS ", fmtId(rolename));
+			appendStringLiteralConn(buf, PQgetvalue(res, i, i_rolcomment), conn);
+			appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, ";\n");
+		}
+
+		if (!no_security_labels && server_version >= 90200)
+			buildShSecLabels(conn, "pg_authid", auth_oid,
+							 "ROLE", rolename,
+							 buf);
+
+		fprintf(OPF, "%s", buf->data);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Dump configuration settings for roles after all roles have been dumped.
+	 * We do it this way because config settings for roles could mention the
+	 * names of other roles.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < PQntuples(res); i++)
+		dumpUserConfig(conn, PQgetvalue(res, i, i_rolname));
+
+	PQclear(res);
+
+	fprintf(OPF, "\n\n");
+
+	destroyPQExpBuffer(buf);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Dump role memberships.  This code is used for 8.1 and later servers.
+ *
+ * Note: we expect dumpRoles already created all the roles, but there is
+ * no membership yet.
+ */
+static void
+dumpRoleMembership(PGconn *conn)
+{
+	PQExpBuffer buf = createPQExpBuffer();
+	PGresult   *res;
+	int			i;
+
+	printfPQExpBuffer(buf, "SELECT ur.rolname AS roleid, "
+					  "um.rolname AS member, "
+					  "a.admin_option, "
+					  "ug.rolname AS grantor "
+					  "FROM pg_auth_members a "
+					  "LEFT JOIN %s ur on ur.oid = a.roleid "
+					  "LEFT JOIN %s um on um.oid = a.member "
+					  "LEFT JOIN %s ug on ug.oid = a.grantor "
+					  "WHERE NOT (ur.rolname ~ '^pg_' AND um.rolname ~ '^pg_')"
+					  "ORDER BY 1,2,3", role_catalog, role_catalog, role_catalog);
+	res = executeQuery(conn, buf->data);
+
+	if (PQntuples(res) > 0)
+		fprintf(OPF, "--\n-- Role memberships\n--\n\n");
+
+	for (i = 0; i < PQntuples(res); i++)
+	{
+		char	   *roleid = PQgetvalue(res, i, 0);
+		char	   *member = PQgetvalue(res, i, 1);
+		char	   *option = PQgetvalue(res, i, 2);
+
+		fprintf(OPF, "GRANT %s", fmtId(roleid));
+		fprintf(OPF, " TO %s", fmtId(member));
+		if (*option == 't')
+			fprintf(OPF, " WITH ADMIN OPTION");
+
+		/*
+		 * We don't track the grantor very carefully in the backend, so cope
+		 * with the possibility that it has been dropped.
+		 */
+		if (!PQgetisnull(res, i, 3))
+		{
+			char	   *grantor = PQgetvalue(res, i, 3);
+
+			fprintf(OPF, " GRANTED BY %s", fmtId(grantor));
+		}
+		fprintf(OPF, ";\n");
+	}
+
+	PQclear(res);
+	destroyPQExpBuffer(buf);
+
+	fprintf(OPF, "\n\n");
+}
+
+/*
+ * Dump group memberships from a pre-8.1 server.  It's annoying that we
+ * can't share any useful amount of code with the post-8.1 case, but
+ * the catalog representations are too different.
+ *
+ * Note: we expect dumpRoles already created all the roles, but there is
+ * no membership yet.
+ */
+static void
+dumpGroups(PGconn *conn)
+{
+	PQExpBuffer buf = createPQExpBuffer();
+	PGresult   *res;
+	int			i;
+
+	res = executeQuery(conn,
+					   "SELECT groname, grolist FROM pg_group ORDER BY 1");
+
+	if (PQntuples(res) > 0)
+		fprintf(OPF, "--\n-- Role memberships\n--\n\n");
+
+	for (i = 0; i < PQntuples(res); i++)
+	{
+		char	   *groname = PQgetvalue(res, i, 0);
+		char	   *grolist = PQgetvalue(res, i, 1);
+		PGresult   *res2;
+		int			j;
+
+		/*
+		 * Array representation is {1,2,3} ... convert to (1,2,3)
+		 */
+		if (strlen(grolist) < 3)
+			continue;
+
+		grolist = pg_strdup(grolist);
+		grolist[0] = '(';
+		grolist[strlen(grolist) - 1] = ')';
+		printfPQExpBuffer(buf,
+						  "SELECT usename FROM pg_shadow "
+						  "WHERE usesysid IN %s ORDER BY 1",
+						  grolist);
+		free(grolist);
+
+		res2 = executeQuery(conn, buf->data);
+
+		for (j = 0; j < PQntuples(res2); j++)
+		{
+			char	   *usename = PQgetvalue(res2, j, 0);
+
+			/*
+			 * Don't try to grant a role to itself; can happen if old
+			 * installation has identically named user and group.
+			 */
+			if (strcmp(groname, usename) == 0)
+				continue;
+
+			fprintf(OPF, "GRANT %s", fmtId(groname));
+			fprintf(OPF, " TO %s;\n", fmtId(usename));
+		}
+
+		PQclear(res2);
+	}
+
+	PQclear(res);
+	destroyPQExpBuffer(buf);
+
+	fprintf(OPF, "\n\n");
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Drop tablespaces.
+ */
+static void
+dropTablespaces(PGconn *conn)
+{
+	PGresult   *res;
+	int			i;
+
+	/*
+	 * Get all tablespaces except built-in ones (which we assume are named
+	 * pg_xxx)
+	 */
+	res = executeQuery(conn, "SELECT spcname "
+					   "FROM pg_catalog.pg_tablespace "
+					   "WHERE spcname !~ '^pg_' "
+					   "ORDER BY 1");
+
+	if (PQntuples(res) > 0)
+		fprintf(OPF, "--\n-- Drop tablespaces\n--\n\n");
+
+	for (i = 0; i < PQntuples(res); i++)
+	{
+		char	   *spcname = PQgetvalue(res, i, 0);
+
+		fprintf(OPF, "DROP TABLESPACE %s%s;\n",
+				if_exists ? "IF EXISTS " : "",
+				fmtId(spcname));
+	}
+
+	PQclear(res);
+
+	fprintf(OPF, "\n\n");
+}
+
+/*
+ * Dump tablespaces.
+ */
+static void
+dumpTablespaces(PGconn *conn)
+{
+	PGresult   *res;
+	int			i;
+
+	/*
+	 * Get all tablespaces except built-in ones (which we assume are named
+	 * pg_xxx)
+	 *
+	 * For the tablespace ACLs, as of 9.6, we extract both the positive (as
+	 * spcacl) and negative (as rspcacl) ACLs, relative to the default ACL for
+	 * tablespaces, which are then passed to buildACLCommands() below.
+	 *
+	 * See buildACLQueries() and buildACLCommands().
+	 *
+	 * The order in which privileges are in the ACL string (the order they
+	 * have been GRANT'd in, which the backend maintains) must be preserved to
+	 * ensure that GRANTs WITH GRANT OPTION and subsequent GRANTs based on
+	 * those are dumped in the correct order.
+	 *
+	 * Note that we do not support initial privileges (pg_init_privs) on
+	 * tablespaces, so this logic cannot make use of buildACLQueries().
+	 */
+	if (server_version >= 90600)
+		res = executeQuery(conn, "SELECT oid, spcname, "
+						   "pg_catalog.pg_get_userbyid(spcowner) AS spcowner, "
+						   "pg_catalog.pg_tablespace_location(oid), "
+						   "(SELECT array_agg(acl ORDER BY row_n) FROM "
+						   "  (SELECT acl, row_n FROM "
+						   "     unnest(coalesce(spcacl,acldefault('t',spcowner))) "
+						   "     WITH ORDINALITY AS perm(acl,row_n) "
+						   "   WHERE NOT EXISTS ( "
+						   "     SELECT 1 "
+						   "     FROM unnest(acldefault('t',spcowner)) "
+						   "       AS init(init_acl) "
+						   "     WHERE acl = init_acl)) AS spcacls) "
+						   " AS spcacl, "
+						   "(SELECT array_agg(acl ORDER BY row_n) FROM "
+						   "  (SELECT acl, row_n FROM "
+						   "     unnest(acldefault('t',spcowner)) "
+						   "     WITH ORDINALITY AS initp(acl,row_n) "
+						   "   WHERE NOT EXISTS ( "
+						   "     SELECT 1 "
+						   "     FROM unnest(coalesce(spcacl,acldefault('t',spcowner))) "
+						   "       AS permp(orig_acl) "
+						   "     WHERE acl = orig_acl)) AS rspcacls) "
+						   " AS rspcacl, "
+						   "array_to_string(spcoptions, ', '),"
+						   "pg_catalog.shobj_description(oid, 'pg_tablespace') "
+						   "FROM pg_catalog.pg_tablespace "
+						   "WHERE spcname !~ '^pg_' "
+						   "ORDER BY 1");
+	else if (server_version >= 90200)
+		res = executeQuery(conn, "SELECT oid, spcname, "
+						   "pg_catalog.pg_get_userbyid(spcowner) AS spcowner, "
+						   "pg_catalog.pg_tablespace_location(oid), "
+						   "spcacl, '' as rspcacl, "
+						   "array_to_string(spcoptions, ', '),"
+						   "pg_catalog.shobj_description(oid, 'pg_tablespace') "
+						   "FROM pg_catalog.pg_tablespace "
+						   "WHERE spcname !~ '^pg_' "
+						   "ORDER BY 1");
+	else if (server_version >= 90000)
+		res = executeQuery(conn, "SELECT oid, spcname, "
+						   "pg_catalog.pg_get_userbyid(spcowner) AS spcowner, "
+						   "spclocation, spcacl, '' as rspcacl, "
+						   "array_to_string(spcoptions, ', '),"
+						   "pg_catalog.shobj_description(oid, 'pg_tablespace') "
+						   "FROM pg_catalog.pg_tablespace "
+						   "WHERE spcname !~ '^pg_' "
+						   "ORDER BY 1");
+	else if (server_version >= 80200)
+		res = executeQuery(conn, "SELECT oid, spcname, "
+						   "pg_catalog.pg_get_userbyid(spcowner) AS spcowner, "
+						   "spclocation, spcacl, '' as rspcacl, null, "
+						   "pg_catalog.shobj_description(oid, 'pg_tablespace') "
+						   "FROM pg_catalog.pg_tablespace "
+						   "WHERE spcname !~ '^pg_' "
+						   "ORDER BY 1");
+	else
+		res = executeQuery(conn, "SELECT oid, spcname, "
+						   "pg_catalog.pg_get_userbyid(spcowner) AS spcowner, "
+						   "spclocation, spcacl, '' as rspcacl, "
+						   "null, null "
+						   "FROM pg_catalog.pg_tablespace "
+						   "WHERE spcname !~ '^pg_' "
+						   "ORDER BY 1");
+
+	if (PQntuples(res) > 0)
+		fprintf(OPF, "--\n-- Tablespaces\n--\n\n");
+
+	for (i = 0; i < PQntuples(res); i++)
+	{
+		PQExpBuffer buf = createPQExpBuffer();
+		Oid			spcoid = atooid(PQgetvalue(res, i, 0));
+		char	   *spcname = PQgetvalue(res, i, 1);
+		char	   *spcowner = PQgetvalue(res, i, 2);
+		char	   *spclocation = PQgetvalue(res, i, 3);
+		char	   *spcacl = PQgetvalue(res, i, 4);
+		char	   *rspcacl = PQgetvalue(res, i, 5);
+		char	   *spcoptions = PQgetvalue(res, i, 6);
+		char	   *spccomment = PQgetvalue(res, i, 7);
+		char	   *fspcname;
+
+		/* needed for buildACLCommands() */
+		fspcname = pg_strdup(fmtId(spcname));
+
+		appendPQExpBuffer(buf, "CREATE TABLESPACE %s", fspcname);
+		appendPQExpBuffer(buf, " OWNER %s", fmtId(spcowner));
+
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, " LOCATION ");
+		appendStringLiteralConn(buf, spclocation, conn);
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, ";\n");
+
+		if (spcoptions && spcoptions[0] != '\0')
+			appendPQExpBuffer(buf, "ALTER TABLESPACE %s SET (%s);\n",
+							  fspcname, spcoptions);
+
+		if (!skip_acls &&
+			!buildACLCommands(fspcname, NULL, NULL, "TABLESPACE",
+							  spcacl, rspcacl,
+							  spcowner, "", server_version, buf))
+		{
+			pg_log_error("could not parse ACL list (%s) for tablespace \"%s\"",
+						 spcacl, spcname);
+			PQfinish(conn);
+			exit_nicely(1);
+		}
+
+		if (!no_comments && spccomment && spccomment[0] != '\0')
+		{
+			appendPQExpBuffer(buf, "COMMENT ON TABLESPACE %s IS ", fspcname);
+			appendStringLiteralConn(buf, spccomment, conn);
+			appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, ";\n");
+		}
+
+		if (!no_security_labels && server_version >= 90200)
+			buildShSecLabels(conn, "pg_tablespace", spcoid,
+							 "TABLESPACE", spcname,
+							 buf);
+
+		fprintf(OPF, "%s", buf->data);
+
+		free(fspcname);
+		destroyPQExpBuffer(buf);
+	}
+
+	PQclear(res);
+	fprintf(OPF, "\n\n");
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Dump commands to drop each database.
+ */
+static void
+dropDBs(PGconn *conn)
+{
+	PGresult   *res;
+	int			i;
+
+	/*
+	 * Skip databases marked not datallowconn, since we'd be unable to connect
+	 * to them anyway.  This must agree with dumpDatabases().
+	 */
+	res = executeQuery(conn,
+					   "SELECT datname "
+					   "FROM pg_database d "
+					   "WHERE datallowconn "
+					   "ORDER BY datname");
+
+	if (PQntuples(res) > 0)
+		fprintf(OPF, "--\n-- Drop databases (except postgres and template1)\n--\n\n");
+
+	for (i = 0; i < PQntuples(res); i++)
+	{
+		char	   *dbname = PQgetvalue(res, i, 0);
+
+		/*
+		 * Skip "postgres" and "template1"; dumpDatabases() will deal with
+		 * them specially.  Also, be sure to skip "template0", even if for
+		 * some reason it's not marked !datallowconn.
+		 */
+		if (strcmp(dbname, "template1") != 0 &&
+			strcmp(dbname, "template0") != 0 &&
+			strcmp(dbname, "postgres") != 0)
+		{
+			fprintf(OPF, "DROP DATABASE %s%s;\n",
+					if_exists ? "IF EXISTS " : "",
+					fmtId(dbname));
+		}
+	}
+
+	PQclear(res);
+
+	fprintf(OPF, "\n\n");
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Dump user-specific configuration
+ */
+static void
+dumpUserConfig(PGconn *conn, const char *username)
+{
+	PQExpBuffer buf = createPQExpBuffer();
+	int			count = 1;
+	bool		first = true;
+
+	for (;;)
+	{
+		PGresult   *res;
+
+		if (server_version >= 90000)
+			printfPQExpBuffer(buf, "SELECT setconfig[%d] FROM pg_db_role_setting WHERE "
+							  "setdatabase = 0 AND setrole = "
+							  "(SELECT oid FROM %s WHERE rolname = ", count, role_catalog);
+		else if (server_version >= 80100)
+			printfPQExpBuffer(buf, "SELECT rolconfig[%d] FROM %s WHERE rolname = ", count, role_catalog);
+		else
+			printfPQExpBuffer(buf, "SELECT useconfig[%d] FROM pg_shadow WHERE usename = ", count);
+		appendStringLiteralConn(buf, username, conn);
+		if (server_version >= 90000)
+			appendPQExpBufferChar(buf, ')');
+
+		res = executeQuery(conn, buf->data);
+		if (PQntuples(res) == 1 &&
+			!PQgetisnull(res, 0, 0))
+		{
+			/* comment at section start, only if needed */
+			if (first)
+			{
+				fprintf(OPF, "--\n-- User Configurations\n--\n\n");
+				first = false;
+			}
+
+			fprintf(OPF, "--\n-- User Config \"%s\"\n--\n\n", username);
+			resetPQExpBuffer(buf);
+			makeAlterConfigCommand(conn, PQgetvalue(res, 0, 0),
+								   "ROLE", username, NULL, NULL,
+								   buf);
+			fprintf(OPF, "%s", buf->data);
+			PQclear(res);
+			count++;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			PQclear(res);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	destroyPQExpBuffer(buf);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Find a list of database names that match the given patterns.
+ * See also expand_table_name_patterns() in pg_dump.c
+ */
+static void
+expand_dbname_patterns(PGconn *conn,
+					   SimpleStringList *patterns,
+					   SimpleStringList *names)
+{
+	PQExpBuffer query;
+	PGresult   *res;
+
+	if (patterns->head == NULL)
+		return;					/* nothing to do */
+
+	query = createPQExpBuffer();
+
+	/*
+	 * The loop below runs multiple SELECTs, which might sometimes result in
+	 * duplicate entries in the name list, but we don't care, since all we're
+	 * going to do is test membership of the list.
+	 */
+
+	for (SimpleStringListCell *cell = patterns->head; cell; cell = cell->next)
+	{
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(query,
+							 "SELECT datname FROM pg_catalog.pg_database n\n");
+		processSQLNamePattern(conn, query, cell->val, false,
+							  false, NULL, "datname", NULL, NULL);
+
+		res = executeQuery(conn, query->data);
+		for (int i = 0; i < PQntuples(res); i++)
+		{
+			simple_string_list_append(names, PQgetvalue(res, i, 0));
+		}
+
+		PQclear(res);
+		resetPQExpBuffer(query);
+	}
+
+	destroyPQExpBuffer(query);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Dump contents of databases.
+ */
+static void
+dumpDatabases(PGconn *conn)
+{
+	PGresult   *res;
+	int			i;
+
+	/*
+	 * Skip databases marked not datallowconn, since we'd be unable to connect
+	 * to them anyway.  This must agree with dropDBs().
+	 *
+	 * We arrange for template1 to be processed first, then we process other
+	 * DBs in alphabetical order.  If we just did them all alphabetically, we
+	 * might find ourselves trying to drop the "postgres" database while still
+	 * connected to it.  This makes trying to run the restore script while
+	 * connected to "template1" a bad idea, but there's no fixed order that
+	 * doesn't have some failure mode with --clean.
+	 */
+	res = executeQuery(conn,
+					   "SELECT datname "
+					   "FROM pg_database d "
+					   "WHERE datallowconn "
+					   "ORDER BY (datname <> 'template1'), datname");
+
+	if (PQntuples(res) > 0)
+		fprintf(OPF, "--\n-- Databases\n--\n\n");
+
+	for (i = 0; i < PQntuples(res); i++)
+	{
+		char	   *dbname = PQgetvalue(res, i, 0);
+		const char *create_opts;
+		int			ret;
+
+		/* Skip template0, even if it's not marked !datallowconn. */
+		if (strcmp(dbname, "template0") == 0)
+			continue;
+
+		/* Skip any explicitly excluded database */
+		if (simple_string_list_member(&database_exclude_names, dbname))
+		{
+			pg_log_info("excluding database \"%s\"", dbname);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		pg_log_info("dumping database \"%s\"", dbname);
+
+		fprintf(OPF, "--\n-- Database \"%s\" dump\n--\n\n", dbname);
+
+		/*
+		 * We assume that "template1" and "postgres" already exist in the
+		 * target installation.  dropDBs() won't have removed them, for fear
+		 * of removing the DB the restore script is initially connected to. If
+		 * --clean was specified, tell pg_dump to drop and recreate them;
+		 * otherwise we'll merely restore their contents.  Other databases
+		 * should simply be created.
+		 */
+		if (strcmp(dbname, "template1") == 0 || strcmp(dbname, "postgres") == 0)
+		{
+			if (output_clean)
+				create_opts = "--clean --create";
+			else
+			{
+				create_opts = "";
+				/* Since pg_dump won't emit a \connect command, we must */
+				fprintf(OPF, "\\connect %s\n\n", dbname);
+			}
+		}
+		else
+			create_opts = "--create";
+
+		if (filename)
+			fclose(OPF);
+
+		ret = runPgDump(dbname, create_opts);
+		if (ret != 0)
+		{
+			pg_log_error("pg_dump failed on database \"%s\", exiting", dbname);
+			exit_nicely(1);
+		}
+
+		if (filename)
+		{
+			OPF = fopen(filename, PG_BINARY_A);
+			if (!OPF)
+			{
+				pg_log_error("could not re-open the output file \"%s\": %m",
+							 filename);
+				exit_nicely(1);
+			}
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	PQclear(res);
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+ * Run pg_dump on dbname, with specified options.
+ */
+static int
+runPgDump(const char *dbname, const char *create_opts)
+{
+	PQExpBuffer connstrbuf = createPQExpBuffer();
+	PQExpBuffer cmd = createPQExpBuffer();
+	int			ret;
+
+	appendPQExpBuffer(cmd, "\"%s\" %s %s", pg_dump_bin,
+					  pgdumpopts->data, create_opts);
+
+	/*
+	 * If we have a filename, use the undocumented plain-append pg_dump
+	 * format.
+	 */
+	if (filename)
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(cmd, " -Fa ");
+	else
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(cmd, " -Fp ");
+
+	/*
+	 * Append the database name to the already-constructed stem of connection
+	 * string.
+	 */
+	appendPQExpBuffer(connstrbuf, "%s dbname=", connstr);
+	appendConnStrVal(connstrbuf, dbname);
+
+	appendShellString(cmd, connstrbuf->data);
+
+	pg_log_info("running \"%s\"", cmd->data);
+
+	fflush(stdout);
+	fflush(stderr);
+
+	ret = system(cmd->data);
+
+	destroyPQExpBuffer(cmd);
+	destroyPQExpBuffer(connstrbuf);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * buildShSecLabels
+ *
+ * Build SECURITY LABEL command(s) for a shared object
+ *
+ * The caller has to provide object type and identity in two separate formats:
+ * catalog_name (e.g., "pg_database") and object OID, as well as
+ * type name (e.g., "DATABASE") and object name (not pre-quoted).
+ *
+ * The command(s) are appended to "buffer".
+ */
+static void
+buildShSecLabels(PGconn *conn, const char *catalog_name, Oid objectId,
+				 const char *objtype, const char *objname,
+				 PQExpBuffer buffer)
+{
+	PQExpBuffer sql = createPQExpBuffer();
+	PGresult   *res;
+
+	buildShSecLabelQuery(conn, catalog_name, objectId, sql);
+	res = executeQuery(conn, sql->data);
+	emitShSecLabels(conn, res, buffer, objtype, objname);
+
+	PQclear(res);
+	destroyPQExpBuffer(sql);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Make a database connection with the given parameters.  An
+ * interactive password prompt is automatically issued if required.
+ *
+ * If fail_on_error is false, we return NULL without printing any message
+ * on failure, but preserve any prompted password for the next try.
+ *
+ * On success, the global variable 'connstr' is set to a connection string
+ * containing the options used.
+ */
+static PGconn *
+connectDatabase(const char *dbname, const char *connection_string,
+				const char *pghost, const char *pgport, const char *pguser,
+				trivalue prompt_password, bool fail_on_error)
+{
+	PGconn	   *conn;
+	bool		new_pass;
+	const char *remoteversion_str;
+	int			my_version;
+	const char **keywords = NULL;
+	const char **values = NULL;
+	PQconninfoOption *conn_opts = NULL;
+	static bool have_password = false;
+	static char password[100];
+
+	if (prompt_password == TRI_YES && !have_password)
+	{
+		simple_prompt("Password: ", password, sizeof(password), false);
+		have_password = true;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Start the connection.  Loop until we have a password if requested by
+	 * backend.
+	 */
+	do
+	{
+		int			argcount = 6;
+		PQconninfoOption *conn_opt;
+		char	   *err_msg = NULL;
+		int			i = 0;
+
+		if (keywords)
+			free(keywords);
+		if (values)
+			free(values);
+		if (conn_opts)
+			PQconninfoFree(conn_opts);
+
+		/*
+		 * Merge the connection info inputs given in form of connection string
+		 * and other options.  Explicitly discard any dbname value in the
+		 * connection string; otherwise, PQconnectdbParams() would interpret
+		 * that value as being itself a connection string.
+		 */
+		if (connection_string)
+		{
+			conn_opts = PQconninfoParse(connection_string, &err_msg);
+			if (conn_opts == NULL)
+			{
+				pg_log_error("%s", err_msg);
+				exit_nicely(1);
+			}
+
+			for (conn_opt = conn_opts; conn_opt->keyword != NULL; conn_opt++)
+			{
+				if (conn_opt->val != NULL && conn_opt->val[0] != '\0' &&
+					strcmp(conn_opt->keyword, "dbname") != 0)
+					argcount++;
+			}
+
+			keywords = pg_malloc0((argcount + 1) * sizeof(*keywords));
+			values = pg_malloc0((argcount + 1) * sizeof(*values));
+
+			for (conn_opt = conn_opts; conn_opt->keyword != NULL; conn_opt++)
+			{
+				if (conn_opt->val != NULL && conn_opt->val[0] != '\0' &&
+					strcmp(conn_opt->keyword, "dbname") != 0)
+				{
+					keywords[i] = conn_opt->keyword;
+					values[i] = conn_opt->val;
+					i++;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			keywords = pg_malloc0((argcount + 1) * sizeof(*keywords));
+			values = pg_malloc0((argcount + 1) * sizeof(*values));
+		}
+
+		if (pghost)
+		{
+			keywords[i] = "host";
+			values[i] = pghost;
+			i++;
+		}
+		if (pgport)
+		{
+			keywords[i] = "port";
+			values[i] = pgport;
+			i++;
+		}
+		if (pguser)
+		{
+			keywords[i] = "user";
+			values[i] = pguser;
+			i++;
+		}
+		if (have_password)
+		{
+			keywords[i] = "password";
+			values[i] = password;
+			i++;
+		}
+		if (dbname)
+		{
+			keywords[i] = "dbname";
+			values[i] = dbname;
+			i++;
+		}
+		keywords[i] = "fallback_application_name";
+		values[i] = progname;
+		i++;
+
+		new_pass = false;
+		conn = PQconnectdbParams(keywords, values, true);
+
+		if (!conn)
+		{
+			pg_log_error("could not connect to database \"%s\"", dbname);
+			exit_nicely(1);
+		}
+
+		if (PQstatus(conn) == CONNECTION_BAD &&
+			PQconnectionNeedsPassword(conn) &&
+			!have_password &&
+			prompt_password != TRI_NO)
+		{
+			PQfinish(conn);
+			simple_prompt("Password: ", password, sizeof(password), false);
+			have_password = true;
+			new_pass = true;
+		}
+	} while (new_pass);
+
+	/* check to see that the backend connection was successfully made */
+	if (PQstatus(conn) == CONNECTION_BAD)
+	{
+		if (fail_on_error)
+		{
+			pg_log_error("could not connect to database \"%s\": %s",
+						 PQdb(conn) ? PQdb(conn) : "", PQerrorMessage(conn));
+			exit_nicely(1);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			PQfinish(conn);
+
+			free(keywords);
+			free(values);
+			PQconninfoFree(conn_opts);
+
+			return NULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Ok, connected successfully. Remember the options used, in the form of a
+	 * connection string.
+	 */
+	connstr = constructConnStr(keywords, values);
+
+	free(keywords);
+	free(values);
+	PQconninfoFree(conn_opts);
+
+	/* Check version */
+	remoteversion_str = PQparameterStatus(conn, "server_version");
+	if (!remoteversion_str)
+	{
+		pg_log_error("could not get server version");
+		exit_nicely(1);
+	}
+	server_version = PQserverVersion(conn);
+	if (server_version == 0)
+	{
+		pg_log_error("could not parse server version \"%s\"",
+					 remoteversion_str);
+		exit_nicely(1);
+	}
+
+	my_version = PG_VERSION_NUM;
+
+	/*
+	 * We allow the server to be back to 8.0, and up to any minor release of
+	 * our own major version.  (See also version check in pg_dump.c.)
+	 */
+	if (my_version != server_version
+		&& (server_version < 80000 ||
+			(server_version / 100) > (my_version / 100)))
+	{
+		pg_log_error("server version: %s; %s version: %s",
+					 remoteversion_str, progname, PG_VERSION);
+		pg_log_error("aborting because of server version mismatch");
+		exit_nicely(1);
+	}
+
+	PQclear(executeQuery(conn, ALWAYS_SECURE_SEARCH_PATH_SQL));
+
+	return conn;
+}
+
+/* ----------
+ * Construct a connection string from the given keyword/value pairs. It is
+ * used to pass the connection options to the pg_dump subprocess.
+ *
+ * The following parameters are excluded:
+ *	dbname		- varies in each pg_dump invocation
+ *	password	- it's not secure to pass a password on the command line
+ *	fallback_application_name - we'll let pg_dump set it
+ * ----------
+ */
+static char *
+constructConnStr(const char **keywords, const char **values)
+{
+	PQExpBuffer buf = createPQExpBuffer();
+	char	   *connstr;
+	int			i;
+	bool		firstkeyword = true;
+
+	/* Construct a new connection string in key='value' format. */
+	for (i = 0; keywords[i] != NULL; i++)
+	{
+		if (strcmp(keywords[i], "dbname") == 0 ||
+			strcmp(keywords[i], "password") == 0 ||
+			strcmp(keywords[i], "fallback_application_name") == 0)
+			continue;
+
+		if (!firstkeyword)
+			appendPQExpBufferChar(buf, ' ');
+		firstkeyword = false;
+		appendPQExpBuffer(buf, "%s=", keywords[i]);
+		appendConnStrVal(buf, values[i]);
+	}
+
+	connstr = pg_strdup(buf->data);
+	destroyPQExpBuffer(buf);
+	return connstr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Run a query, return the results, exit program on failure.
+ */
+static PGresult *
+executeQuery(PGconn *conn, const char *query)
+{
+	PGresult   *res;
+
+	pg_log_info("executing %s", query);
+
+	res = PQexec(conn, query);
+	if (!res ||
+		PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_TUPLES_OK)
+	{
+		pg_log_error("query failed: %s", PQerrorMessage(conn));
+		pg_log_error("query was: %s", query);
+		PQfinish(conn);
+		exit_nicely(1);
+	}
+
+	return res;
+}
+
+/*
+ * As above for a SQL command (which returns nothing).
+ */
+static void
+executeCommand(PGconn *conn, const char *query)
+{
+	PGresult   *res;
+
+	pg_log_info("executing %s", query);
+
+	res = PQexec(conn, query);
+	if (!res ||
+		PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
+	{
+		pg_log_error("query failed: %s", PQerrorMessage(conn));
+		pg_log_error("query was: %s", query);
+		PQfinish(conn);
+		exit_nicely(1);
+	}
+
+	PQclear(res);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * dumpTimestamp
+ */
+static void
+dumpTimestamp(const char *msg)
+{
+	char		buf[64];
+	time_t		now = time(NULL);
+
+	if (strftime(buf, sizeof(buf), PGDUMP_STRFTIME_FMT, localtime(&now)) != 0)
+		fprintf(OPF, "-- %s %s\n\n", msg, buf);
+}