Adding upstream version 13.4.upstream/13.4upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 2487 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/triggers.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/triggers.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1917ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/triggers.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,2487 @@
+--
+-- TRIGGERS
+--
+
+create table pkeys (pkey1 int4 not null, pkey2 text not null);
+create table fkeys (fkey1 int4, fkey2 text, fkey3 int);
+create table fkeys2 (fkey21 int4, fkey22 text, pkey23 int not null);
+
+create index fkeys_i on fkeys (fkey1, fkey2);
+create index fkeys2_i on fkeys2 (fkey21, fkey22);
+create index fkeys2p_i on fkeys2 (pkey23);
+
+insert into pkeys values (10, '1');
+insert into pkeys values (20, '2');
+insert into pkeys values (30, '3');
+insert into pkeys values (40, '4');
+insert into pkeys values (50, '5');
+insert into pkeys values (60, '6');
+create unique index pkeys_i on pkeys (pkey1, pkey2);
+
+--
+-- For fkeys:
+-- 	(fkey1, fkey2)	--> pkeys (pkey1, pkey2)
+-- 	(fkey3)		--> fkeys2 (pkey23)
+--
+create trigger check_fkeys_pkey_exist
+	before insert or update on fkeys
+	for each row
+	execute function
+	check_primary_key ('fkey1', 'fkey2', 'pkeys', 'pkey1', 'pkey2');
+
+create trigger check_fkeys_pkey2_exist
+	before insert or update on fkeys
+	for each row
+	execute function check_primary_key ('fkey3', 'fkeys2', 'pkey23');
+
+--
+-- For fkeys2:
+-- 	(fkey21, fkey22)	--> pkeys (pkey1, pkey2)
+--
+create trigger check_fkeys2_pkey_exist
+	before insert or update on fkeys2
+	for each row
+	execute procedure
+	check_primary_key ('fkey21', 'fkey22', 'pkeys', 'pkey1', 'pkey2');
+
+-- Test comments
+COMMENT ON TRIGGER check_fkeys2_pkey_bad ON fkeys2 IS 'wrong';
+COMMENT ON TRIGGER check_fkeys2_pkey_exist ON fkeys2 IS 'right';
+COMMENT ON TRIGGER check_fkeys2_pkey_exist ON fkeys2 IS NULL;
+
+--
+-- For pkeys:
+-- 	ON DELETE/UPDATE (pkey1, pkey2) CASCADE:
+-- 		fkeys (fkey1, fkey2) and fkeys2 (fkey21, fkey22)
+--
+create trigger check_pkeys_fkey_cascade
+	before delete or update on pkeys
+	for each row
+	execute procedure
+	check_foreign_key (2, 'cascade', 'pkey1', 'pkey2',
+	'fkeys', 'fkey1', 'fkey2', 'fkeys2', 'fkey21', 'fkey22');
+
+--
+-- For fkeys2:
+-- 	ON DELETE/UPDATE (pkey23) RESTRICT:
+-- 		fkeys (fkey3)
+--
+create trigger check_fkeys2_fkey_restrict
+	before delete or update on fkeys2
+	for each row
+	execute procedure check_foreign_key (1, 'restrict', 'pkey23', 'fkeys', 'fkey3');
+
+insert into fkeys2 values (10, '1', 1);
+insert into fkeys2 values (30, '3', 2);
+insert into fkeys2 values (40, '4', 5);
+insert into fkeys2 values (50, '5', 3);
+-- no key in pkeys
+insert into fkeys2 values (70, '5', 3);
+
+insert into fkeys values (10, '1', 2);
+insert into fkeys values (30, '3', 3);
+insert into fkeys values (40, '4', 2);
+insert into fkeys values (50, '5', 2);
+-- no key in pkeys
+insert into fkeys values (70, '5', 1);
+-- no key in fkeys2
+insert into fkeys values (60, '6', 4);
+
+delete from pkeys where pkey1 = 30 and pkey2 = '3';
+delete from pkeys where pkey1 = 40 and pkey2 = '4';
+update pkeys set pkey1 = 7, pkey2 = '70' where pkey1 = 50 and pkey2 = '5';
+update pkeys set pkey1 = 7, pkey2 = '70' where pkey1 = 10 and pkey2 = '1';
+
+SELECT trigger_name, event_manipulation, event_object_schema, event_object_table,
+       action_order, action_condition, action_orientation, action_timing,
+       action_reference_old_table, action_reference_new_table
+  FROM information_schema.triggers
+  WHERE event_object_table in ('pkeys', 'fkeys', 'fkeys2')
+  ORDER BY trigger_name COLLATE "C", 2;
+
+DROP TABLE pkeys;
+DROP TABLE fkeys;
+DROP TABLE fkeys2;
+
+-- Check behavior when trigger returns unmodified trigtuple
+create table trigtest (f1 int, f2 text);
+
+create trigger trigger_return_old
+	before insert or delete or update on trigtest
+	for each row execute procedure trigger_return_old();
+
+insert into trigtest values(1, 'foo');
+select * from trigtest;
+update trigtest set f2 = f2 || 'bar';
+select * from trigtest;
+delete from trigtest;
+select * from trigtest;
+
+-- Also check what happens when such a trigger runs before or after others
+create function f1_times_10() returns trigger as
+$$ begin new.f1 := new.f1 * 10; return new; end $$ language plpgsql;
+
+create trigger trigger_alpha
+	before insert or update on trigtest
+	for each row execute procedure f1_times_10();
+
+insert into trigtest values(1, 'foo');
+select * from trigtest;
+update trigtest set f2 = f2 || 'bar';
+select * from trigtest;
+delete from trigtest;
+select * from trigtest;
+
+create trigger trigger_zed
+	before insert or update on trigtest
+	for each row execute procedure f1_times_10();
+
+insert into trigtest values(1, 'foo');
+select * from trigtest;
+update trigtest set f2 = f2 || 'bar';
+select * from trigtest;
+delete from trigtest;
+select * from trigtest;
+
+drop trigger trigger_alpha on trigtest;
+
+insert into trigtest values(1, 'foo');
+select * from trigtest;
+update trigtest set f2 = f2 || 'bar';
+select * from trigtest;
+delete from trigtest;
+select * from trigtest;
+
+drop table trigtest;
+
+-- Check behavior with an implicit column default, too (bug #16644)
+create table trigtest (
+  a integer,
+  b bool default true not null,
+  c text default 'xyzzy' not null);
+
+create trigger trigger_return_old
+	before insert or delete or update on trigtest
+	for each row execute procedure trigger_return_old();
+
+insert into trigtest values(1);
+select * from trigtest;
+
+alter table trigtest add column d integer default 42 not null;
+
+select * from trigtest;
+update trigtest set a = 2 where a = 1 returning *;
+select * from trigtest;
+
+alter table trigtest drop column b;
+
+select * from trigtest;
+update trigtest set a = 2 where a = 1 returning *;
+select * from trigtest;
+
+drop table trigtest;
+
+create sequence ttdummy_seq increment 10 start 0 minvalue 0;
+
+create table tttest (
+	price_id	int4,
+	price_val	int4,
+	price_on	int4,
+	price_off	int4 default 999999
+);
+
+create trigger ttdummy
+	before delete or update on tttest
+	for each row
+	execute procedure
+	ttdummy (price_on, price_off);
+
+create trigger ttserial
+	before insert or update on tttest
+	for each row
+	execute procedure
+	autoinc (price_on, ttdummy_seq);
+
+insert into tttest values (1, 1, null);
+insert into tttest values (2, 2, null);
+insert into tttest values (3, 3, 0);
+
+select * from tttest;
+delete from tttest where price_id = 2;
+select * from tttest;
+-- what do we see ?
+
+-- get current prices
+select * from tttest where price_off = 999999;
+
+-- change price for price_id == 3
+update tttest set price_val = 30 where price_id = 3;
+select * from tttest;
+
+-- now we want to change pric_id in ALL tuples
+-- this gets us not what we need
+update tttest set price_id = 5 where price_id = 3;
+select * from tttest;
+
+-- restore data as before last update:
+select set_ttdummy(0);
+delete from tttest where price_id = 5;
+update tttest set price_off = 999999 where price_val = 30;
+select * from tttest;
+
+-- and try change price_id now!
+update tttest set price_id = 5 where price_id = 3;
+select * from tttest;
+-- isn't it what we need ?
+
+select set_ttdummy(1);
+
+-- we want to correct some "date"
+update tttest set price_on = -1 where price_id = 1;
+-- but this doesn't work
+
+-- try in this way
+select set_ttdummy(0);
+update tttest set price_on = -1 where price_id = 1;
+select * from tttest;
+-- isn't it what we need ?
+
+-- get price for price_id == 5 as it was @ "date" 35
+select * from tttest where price_on <= 35 and price_off > 35 and price_id = 5;
+
+drop table tttest;
+drop sequence ttdummy_seq;
+
+--
+-- tests for per-statement triggers
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE log_table (tstamp timestamp default timeofday()::timestamp);
+
+CREATE TABLE main_table (a int unique, b int);
+
+COPY main_table (a,b) FROM stdin;
+5	10
+20	20
+30	10
+50	35
+80	15
+\.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION trigger_func() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS '
+BEGIN
+	RAISE NOTICE ''trigger_func(%) called: action = %, when = %, level = %'', TG_ARGV[0], TG_OP, TG_WHEN, TG_LEVEL;
+	RETURN NULL;
+END;';
+
+CREATE TRIGGER before_ins_stmt_trig BEFORE INSERT ON main_table
+FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_ins_stmt');
+
+CREATE TRIGGER after_ins_stmt_trig AFTER INSERT ON main_table
+FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_ins_stmt');
+
+--
+-- if neither 'FOR EACH ROW' nor 'FOR EACH STATEMENT' was specified,
+-- CREATE TRIGGER should default to 'FOR EACH STATEMENT'
+--
+CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_stmt_trig AFTER UPDATE ON main_table
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_upd_stmt');
+
+-- Both insert and update statement level triggers (before and after) should
+-- fire.  Doesn't fire UPDATE before trigger, but only because one isn't
+-- defined.
+INSERT INTO main_table (a, b) VALUES (5, 10) ON CONFLICT (a)
+  DO UPDATE SET b = EXCLUDED.b;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_row_trig AFTER UPDATE ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_upd_row');
+
+INSERT INTO main_table DEFAULT VALUES;
+
+UPDATE main_table SET a = a + 1 WHERE b < 30;
+-- UPDATE that effects zero rows should still call per-statement trigger
+UPDATE main_table SET a = a + 2 WHERE b > 100;
+
+-- constraint now unneeded
+ALTER TABLE main_table DROP CONSTRAINT main_table_a_key;
+
+-- COPY should fire per-row and per-statement INSERT triggers
+COPY main_table (a, b) FROM stdin;
+30	40
+50	60
+\.
+
+SELECT * FROM main_table ORDER BY a, b;
+
+--
+-- test triggers with WHEN clause
+--
+
+CREATE TRIGGER modified_a BEFORE UPDATE OF a ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.a <> NEW.a) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('modified_a');
+CREATE TRIGGER modified_any BEFORE UPDATE OF a ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.* IS DISTINCT FROM NEW.*) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('modified_any');
+CREATE TRIGGER insert_a AFTER INSERT ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW WHEN (NEW.a = 123) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('insert_a');
+CREATE TRIGGER delete_a AFTER DELETE ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.a = 123) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('delete_a');
+CREATE TRIGGER insert_when BEFORE INSERT ON main_table
+FOR EACH STATEMENT WHEN (true) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('insert_when');
+CREATE TRIGGER delete_when AFTER DELETE ON main_table
+FOR EACH STATEMENT WHEN (true) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('delete_when');
+SELECT trigger_name, event_manipulation, event_object_schema, event_object_table,
+       action_order, action_condition, action_orientation, action_timing,
+       action_reference_old_table, action_reference_new_table
+  FROM information_schema.triggers
+  WHERE event_object_table IN ('main_table')
+  ORDER BY trigger_name COLLATE "C", 2;
+INSERT INTO main_table (a) VALUES (123), (456);
+COPY main_table FROM stdin;
+123	999
+456	999
+\.
+DELETE FROM main_table WHERE a IN (123, 456);
+UPDATE main_table SET a = 50, b = 60;
+SELECT * FROM main_table ORDER BY a, b;
+SELECT pg_get_triggerdef(oid, true) FROM pg_trigger WHERE tgrelid = 'main_table'::regclass AND tgname = 'modified_a';
+SELECT pg_get_triggerdef(oid, false) FROM pg_trigger WHERE tgrelid = 'main_table'::regclass AND tgname = 'modified_a';
+SELECT pg_get_triggerdef(oid, true) FROM pg_trigger WHERE tgrelid = 'main_table'::regclass AND tgname = 'modified_any';
+
+-- Test RENAME TRIGGER
+ALTER TRIGGER modified_a ON main_table RENAME TO modified_modified_a;
+SELECT count(*) FROM pg_trigger WHERE tgrelid = 'main_table'::regclass AND tgname = 'modified_a';
+SELECT count(*) FROM pg_trigger WHERE tgrelid = 'main_table'::regclass AND tgname = 'modified_modified_a';
+
+DROP TRIGGER modified_modified_a ON main_table;
+DROP TRIGGER modified_any ON main_table;
+DROP TRIGGER insert_a ON main_table;
+DROP TRIGGER delete_a ON main_table;
+DROP TRIGGER insert_when ON main_table;
+DROP TRIGGER delete_when ON main_table;
+
+-- Test WHEN condition accessing system columns.
+create table table_with_oids(a int);
+insert into table_with_oids values (1);
+create trigger oid_unchanged_trig after update on table_with_oids
+	for each row
+	when (new.tableoid = old.tableoid AND new.tableoid <> 0)
+	execute procedure trigger_func('after_upd_oid_unchanged');
+update table_with_oids set a = a + 1;
+drop table table_with_oids;
+
+-- Test column-level triggers
+DROP TRIGGER after_upd_row_trig ON main_table;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER before_upd_a_row_trig BEFORE UPDATE OF a ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_upd_a_row');
+CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_b_row_trig AFTER UPDATE OF b ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_upd_b_row');
+CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_a_b_row_trig AFTER UPDATE OF a, b ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_upd_a_b_row');
+
+CREATE TRIGGER before_upd_a_stmt_trig BEFORE UPDATE OF a ON main_table
+FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_upd_a_stmt');
+CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_b_stmt_trig AFTER UPDATE OF b ON main_table
+FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_upd_b_stmt');
+
+SELECT pg_get_triggerdef(oid) FROM pg_trigger WHERE tgrelid = 'main_table'::regclass AND tgname = 'after_upd_a_b_row_trig';
+
+UPDATE main_table SET a = 50;
+UPDATE main_table SET b = 10;
+
+--
+-- Test case for bug with BEFORE trigger followed by AFTER trigger with WHEN
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE some_t (some_col boolean NOT NULL);
+CREATE FUNCTION dummy_update_func() RETURNS trigger AS $$
+BEGIN
+  RAISE NOTICE 'dummy_update_func(%) called: action = %, old = %, new = %',
+    TG_ARGV[0], TG_OP, OLD, NEW;
+  RETURN NEW;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+CREATE TRIGGER some_trig_before BEFORE UPDATE ON some_t FOR EACH ROW
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE dummy_update_func('before');
+CREATE TRIGGER some_trig_aftera AFTER UPDATE ON some_t FOR EACH ROW
+  WHEN (NOT OLD.some_col AND NEW.some_col)
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE dummy_update_func('aftera');
+CREATE TRIGGER some_trig_afterb AFTER UPDATE ON some_t FOR EACH ROW
+  WHEN (NOT NEW.some_col)
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE dummy_update_func('afterb');
+INSERT INTO some_t VALUES (TRUE);
+UPDATE some_t SET some_col = TRUE;
+UPDATE some_t SET some_col = FALSE;
+UPDATE some_t SET some_col = TRUE;
+DROP TABLE some_t;
+
+-- bogus cases
+CREATE TRIGGER error_upd_and_col BEFORE UPDATE OR UPDATE OF a ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_upd_and_col');
+CREATE TRIGGER error_upd_a_a BEFORE UPDATE OF a, a ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_upd_a_a');
+CREATE TRIGGER error_ins_a BEFORE INSERT OF a ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_ins_a');
+CREATE TRIGGER error_ins_when BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.a <> NEW.a)
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_ins_old');
+CREATE TRIGGER error_del_when BEFORE DELETE OR UPDATE ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.a <> NEW.a)
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_del_new');
+CREATE TRIGGER error_del_when BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW WHEN (NEW.tableoid <> 0)
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_when_sys_column');
+CREATE TRIGGER error_stmt_when BEFORE UPDATE OF a ON main_table
+FOR EACH STATEMENT WHEN (OLD.* IS DISTINCT FROM NEW.*)
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_stmt_when');
+
+-- check dependency restrictions
+ALTER TABLE main_table DROP COLUMN b;
+-- this should succeed, but we'll roll it back to keep the triggers around
+begin;
+DROP TRIGGER after_upd_a_b_row_trig ON main_table;
+DROP TRIGGER after_upd_b_row_trig ON main_table;
+DROP TRIGGER after_upd_b_stmt_trig ON main_table;
+ALTER TABLE main_table DROP COLUMN b;
+rollback;
+
+-- Test enable/disable triggers
+
+create table trigtest (i serial primary key);
+-- test that disabling RI triggers works
+create table trigtest2 (i int references trigtest(i) on delete cascade);
+
+create function trigtest() returns trigger as $$
+begin
+	raise notice '% % % %', TG_RELNAME, TG_OP, TG_WHEN, TG_LEVEL;
+	return new;
+end;$$ language plpgsql;
+
+create trigger trigtest_b_row_tg before insert or update or delete on trigtest
+for each row execute procedure trigtest();
+create trigger trigtest_a_row_tg after insert or update or delete on trigtest
+for each row execute procedure trigtest();
+create trigger trigtest_b_stmt_tg before insert or update or delete on trigtest
+for each statement execute procedure trigtest();
+create trigger trigtest_a_stmt_tg after insert or update or delete on trigtest
+for each statement execute procedure trigtest();
+
+insert into trigtest default values;
+alter table trigtest disable trigger trigtest_b_row_tg;
+insert into trigtest default values;
+alter table trigtest disable trigger user;
+insert into trigtest default values;
+alter table trigtest enable trigger trigtest_a_stmt_tg;
+insert into trigtest default values;
+set session_replication_role = replica;
+insert into trigtest default values;  -- does not trigger
+alter table trigtest enable always trigger trigtest_a_stmt_tg;
+insert into trigtest default values;  -- now it does
+reset session_replication_role;
+insert into trigtest2 values(1);
+insert into trigtest2 values(2);
+delete from trigtest where i=2;
+select * from trigtest2;
+alter table trigtest disable trigger all;
+delete from trigtest where i=1;
+select * from trigtest2;
+-- ensure we still insert, even when all triggers are disabled
+insert into trigtest default values;
+select *  from trigtest;
+drop table trigtest2;
+drop table trigtest;
+
+
+-- dump trigger data
+CREATE TABLE trigger_test (
+        i int,
+        v varchar
+);
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION trigger_data()  RETURNS trigger
+LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+
+declare
+
+	argstr text;
+	relid text;
+
+begin
+
+	relid := TG_relid::regclass;
+
+	-- plpgsql can't discover its trigger data in a hash like perl and python
+	-- can, or by a sort of reflection like tcl can,
+	-- so we have to hard code the names.
+	raise NOTICE 'TG_NAME: %', TG_name;
+	raise NOTICE 'TG_WHEN: %', TG_when;
+	raise NOTICE 'TG_LEVEL: %', TG_level;
+	raise NOTICE 'TG_OP: %', TG_op;
+	raise NOTICE 'TG_RELID::regclass: %', relid;
+	raise NOTICE 'TG_RELNAME: %', TG_relname;
+	raise NOTICE 'TG_TABLE_NAME: %', TG_table_name;
+	raise NOTICE 'TG_TABLE_SCHEMA: %', TG_table_schema;
+	raise NOTICE 'TG_NARGS: %', TG_nargs;
+
+	argstr := '[';
+	for i in 0 .. TG_nargs - 1 loop
+		if i > 0 then
+			argstr := argstr || ', ';
+		end if;
+		argstr := argstr || TG_argv[i];
+	end loop;
+	argstr := argstr || ']';
+	raise NOTICE 'TG_ARGV: %', argstr;
+
+	if TG_OP != 'INSERT' then
+		raise NOTICE 'OLD: %', OLD;
+	end if;
+
+	if TG_OP != 'DELETE' then
+		raise NOTICE 'NEW: %', NEW;
+	end if;
+
+	if TG_OP = 'DELETE' then
+		return OLD;
+	else
+		return NEW;
+	end if;
+
+end;
+$$;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER show_trigger_data_trig
+BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE ON trigger_test
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_data(23,'skidoo');
+
+insert into trigger_test values(1,'insert');
+update trigger_test set v = 'update' where i = 1;
+delete from trigger_test;
+
+DROP TRIGGER show_trigger_data_trig on trigger_test;
+
+DROP FUNCTION trigger_data();
+
+DROP TABLE trigger_test;
+
+--
+-- Test use of row comparisons on OLD/NEW
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE trigger_test (f1 int, f2 text, f3 text);
+
+-- this is the obvious (and wrong...) way to compare rows
+CREATE FUNCTION mytrigger() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql as $$
+begin
+	if row(old.*) = row(new.*) then
+		raise notice 'row % not changed', new.f1;
+	else
+		raise notice 'row % changed', new.f1;
+	end if;
+	return new;
+end$$;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER t
+BEFORE UPDATE ON trigger_test
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE mytrigger();
+
+INSERT INTO trigger_test VALUES(1, 'foo', 'bar');
+INSERT INTO trigger_test VALUES(2, 'baz', 'quux');
+
+UPDATE trigger_test SET f3 = 'bar';
+UPDATE trigger_test SET f3 = NULL;
+-- this demonstrates that the above isn't really working as desired:
+UPDATE trigger_test SET f3 = NULL;
+
+-- the right way when considering nulls is
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION mytrigger() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql as $$
+begin
+	if row(old.*) is distinct from row(new.*) then
+		raise notice 'row % changed', new.f1;
+	else
+		raise notice 'row % not changed', new.f1;
+	end if;
+	return new;
+end$$;
+
+UPDATE trigger_test SET f3 = 'bar';
+UPDATE trigger_test SET f3 = NULL;
+UPDATE trigger_test SET f3 = NULL;
+
+DROP TABLE trigger_test;
+
+DROP FUNCTION mytrigger();
+
+-- Test snapshot management in serializable transactions involving triggers
+-- per bug report in 6bc73d4c0910042358k3d1adff3qa36f8df75198ecea@mail.gmail.com
+CREATE FUNCTION serializable_update_trig() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS
+$$
+declare
+	rec record;
+begin
+	new.description = 'updated in trigger';
+	return new;
+end;
+$$;
+
+CREATE TABLE serializable_update_tab (
+	id int,
+	filler  text,
+	description text
+);
+
+CREATE TRIGGER serializable_update_trig BEFORE UPDATE ON serializable_update_tab
+	FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE serializable_update_trig();
+
+INSERT INTO serializable_update_tab SELECT a, repeat('xyzxz', 100), 'new'
+	FROM generate_series(1, 50) a;
+
+BEGIN;
+SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+UPDATE serializable_update_tab SET description = 'no no', id = 1 WHERE id = 1;
+COMMIT;
+SELECT description FROM serializable_update_tab WHERE id = 1;
+DROP TABLE serializable_update_tab;
+
+-- minimal update trigger
+
+CREATE TABLE min_updates_test (
+	f1	text,
+	f2 int,
+	f3 int);
+
+INSERT INTO min_updates_test VALUES ('a',1,2),('b','2',null);
+
+CREATE TRIGGER z_min_update
+BEFORE UPDATE ON min_updates_test
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE suppress_redundant_updates_trigger();
+
+\set QUIET false
+
+UPDATE min_updates_test SET f1 = f1;
+
+UPDATE min_updates_test SET f2 = f2 + 1;
+
+UPDATE min_updates_test SET f3 = 2 WHERE f3 is null;
+
+\set QUIET true
+
+SELECT * FROM min_updates_test;
+
+DROP TABLE min_updates_test;
+
+--
+-- Test triggers on views
+--
+
+CREATE VIEW main_view AS SELECT a, b FROM main_table;
+
+-- VIEW trigger function
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION view_trigger() RETURNS trigger
+LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+declare
+    argstr text := '';
+begin
+    for i in 0 .. TG_nargs - 1 loop
+        if i > 0 then
+            argstr := argstr || ', ';
+        end if;
+        argstr := argstr || TG_argv[i];
+    end loop;
+
+    raise notice '% % % % (%)', TG_RELNAME, TG_WHEN, TG_OP, TG_LEVEL, argstr;
+
+    if TG_LEVEL = 'ROW' then
+        if TG_OP = 'INSERT' then
+            raise NOTICE 'NEW: %', NEW;
+            INSERT INTO main_table VALUES (NEW.a, NEW.b);
+            RETURN NEW;
+        end if;
+
+        if TG_OP = 'UPDATE' then
+            raise NOTICE 'OLD: %, NEW: %', OLD, NEW;
+            UPDATE main_table SET a = NEW.a, b = NEW.b WHERE a = OLD.a AND b = OLD.b;
+            if NOT FOUND then RETURN NULL; end if;
+            RETURN NEW;
+        end if;
+
+        if TG_OP = 'DELETE' then
+            raise NOTICE 'OLD: %', OLD;
+            DELETE FROM main_table WHERE a = OLD.a AND b = OLD.b;
+            if NOT FOUND then RETURN NULL; end if;
+            RETURN OLD;
+        end if;
+    end if;
+
+    RETURN NULL;
+end;
+$$;
+
+-- Before row triggers aren't allowed on views
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig BEFORE INSERT ON main_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_ins_row');
+
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig BEFORE UPDATE ON main_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_upd_row');
+
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig BEFORE DELETE ON main_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_del_row');
+
+-- After row triggers aren't allowed on views
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig AFTER INSERT ON main_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_ins_row');
+
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig AFTER UPDATE ON main_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_upd_row');
+
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig AFTER DELETE ON main_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_del_row');
+
+-- Truncate triggers aren't allowed on views
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig BEFORE TRUNCATE ON main_view
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_tru_row');
+
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig AFTER TRUNCATE ON main_view
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_tru_row');
+
+-- INSTEAD OF triggers aren't allowed on tables
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig INSTEAD OF INSERT ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_ins');
+
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_upd');
+
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig INSTEAD OF DELETE ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_del');
+
+-- Don't support WHEN clauses with INSTEAD OF triggers
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON main_view
+FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.a <> NEW.a) EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_upd');
+
+-- Don't support column-level INSTEAD OF triggers
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE OF a ON main_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_upd');
+
+-- Don't support statement-level INSTEAD OF triggers
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON main_view
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_upd');
+
+-- Valid INSTEAD OF triggers
+CREATE TRIGGER instead_of_insert_trig INSTEAD OF INSERT ON main_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_ins');
+
+CREATE TRIGGER instead_of_update_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON main_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_upd');
+
+CREATE TRIGGER instead_of_delete_trig INSTEAD OF DELETE ON main_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_del');
+
+-- Valid BEFORE statement VIEW triggers
+CREATE TRIGGER before_ins_stmt_trig BEFORE INSERT ON main_view
+FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('before_view_ins_stmt');
+
+CREATE TRIGGER before_upd_stmt_trig BEFORE UPDATE ON main_view
+FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('before_view_upd_stmt');
+
+CREATE TRIGGER before_del_stmt_trig BEFORE DELETE ON main_view
+FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('before_view_del_stmt');
+
+-- Valid AFTER statement VIEW triggers
+CREATE TRIGGER after_ins_stmt_trig AFTER INSERT ON main_view
+FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('after_view_ins_stmt');
+
+CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_stmt_trig AFTER UPDATE ON main_view
+FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('after_view_upd_stmt');
+
+CREATE TRIGGER after_del_stmt_trig AFTER DELETE ON main_view
+FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('after_view_del_stmt');
+
+\set QUIET false
+
+-- Insert into view using trigger
+INSERT INTO main_view VALUES (20, 30);
+INSERT INTO main_view VALUES (21, 31) RETURNING a, b;
+
+-- Table trigger will prevent updates
+UPDATE main_view SET b = 31 WHERE a = 20;
+UPDATE main_view SET b = 32 WHERE a = 21 AND b = 31 RETURNING a, b;
+
+-- Remove table trigger to allow updates
+DROP TRIGGER before_upd_a_row_trig ON main_table;
+UPDATE main_view SET b = 31 WHERE a = 20;
+UPDATE main_view SET b = 32 WHERE a = 21 AND b = 31 RETURNING a, b;
+
+-- Before and after stmt triggers should fire even when no rows are affected
+UPDATE main_view SET b = 0 WHERE false;
+
+-- Delete from view using trigger
+DELETE FROM main_view WHERE a IN (20,21);
+DELETE FROM main_view WHERE a = 31 RETURNING a, b;
+
+\set QUIET true
+
+-- Describe view should list triggers
+\d main_view
+
+-- Test dropping view triggers
+DROP TRIGGER instead_of_insert_trig ON main_view;
+DROP TRIGGER instead_of_delete_trig ON main_view;
+\d+ main_view
+DROP VIEW main_view;
+
+--
+-- Test triggers on a join view
+--
+CREATE TABLE country_table (
+    country_id        serial primary key,
+    country_name    text unique not null,
+    continent        text not null
+);
+
+INSERT INTO country_table (country_name, continent)
+    VALUES ('Japan', 'Asia'),
+           ('UK', 'Europe'),
+           ('USA', 'North America')
+    RETURNING *;
+
+CREATE TABLE city_table (
+    city_id        serial primary key,
+    city_name    text not null,
+    population    bigint,
+    country_id    int references country_table
+);
+
+CREATE VIEW city_view AS
+    SELECT city_id, city_name, population, country_name, continent
+    FROM city_table ci
+    LEFT JOIN country_table co ON co.country_id = ci.country_id;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION city_insert() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+declare
+    ctry_id int;
+begin
+    if NEW.country_name IS NOT NULL then
+        SELECT country_id, continent INTO ctry_id, NEW.continent
+            FROM country_table WHERE country_name = NEW.country_name;
+        if NOT FOUND then
+            raise exception 'No such country: "%"', NEW.country_name;
+        end if;
+    else
+        NEW.continent := NULL;
+    end if;
+
+    if NEW.city_id IS NOT NULL then
+        INSERT INTO city_table
+            VALUES(NEW.city_id, NEW.city_name, NEW.population, ctry_id);
+    else
+        INSERT INTO city_table(city_name, population, country_id)
+            VALUES(NEW.city_name, NEW.population, ctry_id)
+            RETURNING city_id INTO NEW.city_id;
+    end if;
+
+    RETURN NEW;
+end;
+$$;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER city_insert_trig INSTEAD OF INSERT ON city_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE city_insert();
+
+CREATE FUNCTION city_delete() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+begin
+    DELETE FROM city_table WHERE city_id = OLD.city_id;
+    if NOT FOUND then RETURN NULL; end if;
+    RETURN OLD;
+end;
+$$;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER city_delete_trig INSTEAD OF DELETE ON city_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE city_delete();
+
+CREATE FUNCTION city_update() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+declare
+    ctry_id int;
+begin
+    if NEW.country_name IS DISTINCT FROM OLD.country_name then
+        SELECT country_id, continent INTO ctry_id, NEW.continent
+            FROM country_table WHERE country_name = NEW.country_name;
+        if NOT FOUND then
+            raise exception 'No such country: "%"', NEW.country_name;
+        end if;
+
+        UPDATE city_table SET city_name = NEW.city_name,
+                              population = NEW.population,
+                              country_id = ctry_id
+            WHERE city_id = OLD.city_id;
+    else
+        UPDATE city_table SET city_name = NEW.city_name,
+                              population = NEW.population
+            WHERE city_id = OLD.city_id;
+        NEW.continent := OLD.continent;
+    end if;
+
+    if NOT FOUND then RETURN NULL; end if;
+    RETURN NEW;
+end;
+$$;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER city_update_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON city_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE city_update();
+
+\set QUIET false
+
+-- INSERT .. RETURNING
+INSERT INTO city_view(city_name) VALUES('Tokyo') RETURNING *;
+INSERT INTO city_view(city_name, population) VALUES('London', 7556900) RETURNING *;
+INSERT INTO city_view(city_name, country_name) VALUES('Washington DC', 'USA') RETURNING *;
+INSERT INTO city_view(city_id, city_name) VALUES(123456, 'New York') RETURNING *;
+INSERT INTO city_view VALUES(234567, 'Birmingham', 1016800, 'UK', 'EU') RETURNING *;
+
+-- UPDATE .. RETURNING
+UPDATE city_view SET country_name = 'Japon' WHERE city_name = 'Tokyo'; -- error
+UPDATE city_view SET country_name = 'Japan' WHERE city_name = 'Takyo'; -- no match
+UPDATE city_view SET country_name = 'Japan' WHERE city_name = 'Tokyo' RETURNING *; -- OK
+
+UPDATE city_view SET population = 13010279 WHERE city_name = 'Tokyo' RETURNING *;
+UPDATE city_view SET country_name = 'UK' WHERE city_name = 'New York' RETURNING *;
+UPDATE city_view SET country_name = 'USA', population = 8391881 WHERE city_name = 'New York' RETURNING *;
+UPDATE city_view SET continent = 'EU' WHERE continent = 'Europe' RETURNING *;
+UPDATE city_view v1 SET country_name = v2.country_name FROM city_view v2
+    WHERE v2.city_name = 'Birmingham' AND v1.city_name = 'London' RETURNING *;
+
+-- DELETE .. RETURNING
+DELETE FROM city_view WHERE city_name = 'Birmingham' RETURNING *;
+
+\set QUIET true
+
+-- read-only view with WHERE clause
+CREATE VIEW european_city_view AS
+    SELECT * FROM city_view WHERE continent = 'Europe';
+SELECT count(*) FROM european_city_view;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION no_op_trig_fn() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS 'begin RETURN NULL; end';
+
+CREATE TRIGGER no_op_trig INSTEAD OF INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE
+ON european_city_view FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE no_op_trig_fn();
+
+\set QUIET false
+
+INSERT INTO european_city_view VALUES (0, 'x', 10000, 'y', 'z');
+UPDATE european_city_view SET population = 10000;
+DELETE FROM european_city_view;
+
+\set QUIET true
+
+-- rules bypassing no-op triggers
+CREATE RULE european_city_insert_rule AS ON INSERT TO european_city_view
+DO INSTEAD INSERT INTO city_view
+VALUES (NEW.city_id, NEW.city_name, NEW.population, NEW.country_name, NEW.continent)
+RETURNING *;
+
+CREATE RULE european_city_update_rule AS ON UPDATE TO european_city_view
+DO INSTEAD UPDATE city_view SET
+    city_name = NEW.city_name,
+    population = NEW.population,
+    country_name = NEW.country_name
+WHERE city_id = OLD.city_id
+RETURNING NEW.*;
+
+CREATE RULE european_city_delete_rule AS ON DELETE TO european_city_view
+DO INSTEAD DELETE FROM city_view WHERE city_id = OLD.city_id RETURNING *;
+
+\set QUIET false
+
+-- INSERT not limited by view's WHERE clause, but UPDATE AND DELETE are
+INSERT INTO european_city_view(city_name, country_name)
+    VALUES ('Cambridge', 'USA') RETURNING *;
+UPDATE european_city_view SET country_name = 'UK'
+    WHERE city_name = 'Cambridge';
+DELETE FROM european_city_view WHERE city_name = 'Cambridge';
+
+-- UPDATE and DELETE via rule and trigger
+UPDATE city_view SET country_name = 'UK'
+    WHERE city_name = 'Cambridge' RETURNING *;
+UPDATE european_city_view SET population = 122800
+    WHERE city_name = 'Cambridge' RETURNING *;
+DELETE FROM european_city_view WHERE city_name = 'Cambridge' RETURNING *;
+
+-- join UPDATE test
+UPDATE city_view v SET population = 599657
+    FROM city_table ci, country_table co
+    WHERE ci.city_name = 'Washington DC' and co.country_name = 'USA'
+    AND v.city_id = ci.city_id AND v.country_name = co.country_name
+    RETURNING co.country_id, v.country_name,
+              v.city_id, v.city_name, v.population;
+
+\set QUIET true
+
+SELECT * FROM city_view;
+
+DROP TABLE city_table CASCADE;
+DROP TABLE country_table;
+
+
+-- Test pg_trigger_depth()
+
+create table depth_a (id int not null primary key);
+create table depth_b (id int not null primary key);
+create table depth_c (id int not null primary key);
+
+create function depth_a_tf() returns trigger
+  language plpgsql as $$
+begin
+  raise notice '%: depth = %', tg_name, pg_trigger_depth();
+  insert into depth_b values (new.id);
+  raise notice '%: depth = %', tg_name, pg_trigger_depth();
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger depth_a_tr before insert on depth_a
+  for each row execute procedure depth_a_tf();
+
+create function depth_b_tf() returns trigger
+  language plpgsql as $$
+begin
+  raise notice '%: depth = %', tg_name, pg_trigger_depth();
+  begin
+    execute 'insert into depth_c values (' || new.id::text || ')';
+  exception
+    when sqlstate 'U9999' then
+      raise notice 'SQLSTATE = U9999: depth = %', pg_trigger_depth();
+  end;
+  raise notice '%: depth = %', tg_name, pg_trigger_depth();
+  if new.id = 1 then
+    execute 'insert into depth_c values (' || new.id::text || ')';
+  end if;
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger depth_b_tr before insert on depth_b
+  for each row execute procedure depth_b_tf();
+
+create function depth_c_tf() returns trigger
+  language plpgsql as $$
+begin
+  raise notice '%: depth = %', tg_name, pg_trigger_depth();
+  if new.id = 1 then
+    raise exception sqlstate 'U9999';
+  end if;
+  raise notice '%: depth = %', tg_name, pg_trigger_depth();
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger depth_c_tr before insert on depth_c
+  for each row execute procedure depth_c_tf();
+
+select pg_trigger_depth();
+insert into depth_a values (1);
+select pg_trigger_depth();
+insert into depth_a values (2);
+select pg_trigger_depth();
+
+drop table depth_a, depth_b, depth_c;
+drop function depth_a_tf();
+drop function depth_b_tf();
+drop function depth_c_tf();
+
+--
+-- Test updates to rows during firing of BEFORE ROW triggers.
+-- As of 9.2, such cases should be rejected (see bug #6123).
+--
+
+create temp table parent (
+    aid int not null primary key,
+    val1 text,
+    val2 text,
+    val3 text,
+    val4 text,
+    bcnt int not null default 0);
+create temp table child (
+    bid int not null primary key,
+    aid int not null,
+    val1 text);
+
+create function parent_upd_func()
+  returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+begin
+  if old.val1 <> new.val1 then
+    new.val2 = new.val1;
+    delete from child where child.aid = new.aid and child.val1 = new.val1;
+  end if;
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger parent_upd_trig before update on parent
+  for each row execute procedure parent_upd_func();
+
+create function parent_del_func()
+  returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+begin
+  delete from child where aid = old.aid;
+  return old;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger parent_del_trig before delete on parent
+  for each row execute procedure parent_del_func();
+
+create function child_ins_func()
+  returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+begin
+  update parent set bcnt = bcnt + 1 where aid = new.aid;
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger child_ins_trig after insert on child
+  for each row execute procedure child_ins_func();
+
+create function child_del_func()
+  returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+begin
+  update parent set bcnt = bcnt - 1 where aid = old.aid;
+  return old;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger child_del_trig after delete on child
+  for each row execute procedure child_del_func();
+
+insert into parent values (1, 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 0);
+insert into child values (10, 1, 'b');
+select * from parent; select * from child;
+
+update parent set val1 = 'b' where aid = 1; -- should fail
+select * from parent; select * from child;
+
+delete from parent where aid = 1; -- should fail
+select * from parent; select * from child;
+
+-- replace the trigger function with one that restarts the deletion after
+-- having modified a child
+create or replace function parent_del_func()
+  returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+begin
+  delete from child where aid = old.aid;
+  if found then
+    delete from parent where aid = old.aid;
+    return null; -- cancel outer deletion
+  end if;
+  return old;
+end;
+$$;
+
+delete from parent where aid = 1;
+select * from parent; select * from child;
+
+drop table parent, child;
+
+drop function parent_upd_func();
+drop function parent_del_func();
+drop function child_ins_func();
+drop function child_del_func();
+
+-- similar case, but with a self-referencing FK so that parent and child
+-- rows can be affected by a single operation
+
+create temp table self_ref_trigger (
+    id int primary key,
+    parent int references self_ref_trigger,
+    data text,
+    nchildren int not null default 0
+);
+
+create function self_ref_trigger_ins_func()
+  returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+begin
+  if new.parent is not null then
+    update self_ref_trigger set nchildren = nchildren + 1
+      where id = new.parent;
+  end if;
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger self_ref_trigger_ins_trig before insert on self_ref_trigger
+  for each row execute procedure self_ref_trigger_ins_func();
+
+create function self_ref_trigger_del_func()
+  returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+begin
+  if old.parent is not null then
+    update self_ref_trigger set nchildren = nchildren - 1
+      where id = old.parent;
+  end if;
+  return old;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger self_ref_trigger_del_trig before delete on self_ref_trigger
+  for each row execute procedure self_ref_trigger_del_func();
+
+insert into self_ref_trigger values (1, null, 'root');
+insert into self_ref_trigger values (2, 1, 'root child A');
+insert into self_ref_trigger values (3, 1, 'root child B');
+insert into self_ref_trigger values (4, 2, 'grandchild 1');
+insert into self_ref_trigger values (5, 3, 'grandchild 2');
+
+update self_ref_trigger set data = 'root!' where id = 1;
+
+select * from self_ref_trigger;
+
+delete from self_ref_trigger;
+
+select * from self_ref_trigger;
+
+drop table self_ref_trigger;
+drop function self_ref_trigger_ins_func();
+drop function self_ref_trigger_del_func();
+
+--
+-- Check that statement triggers work correctly even with all children excluded
+--
+
+create table stmt_trig_on_empty_upd (a int);
+create table stmt_trig_on_empty_upd1 () inherits (stmt_trig_on_empty_upd);
+create function update_stmt_notice() returns trigger as $$
+begin
+	raise notice 'updating %', TG_TABLE_NAME;
+	return null;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+create trigger before_stmt_trigger
+	before update on stmt_trig_on_empty_upd
+	execute procedure update_stmt_notice();
+create trigger before_stmt_trigger
+	before update on stmt_trig_on_empty_upd1
+	execute procedure update_stmt_notice();
+
+-- inherited no-op update
+update stmt_trig_on_empty_upd set a = a where false returning a+1 as aa;
+-- simple no-op update
+update stmt_trig_on_empty_upd1 set a = a where false returning a+1 as aa;
+
+drop table stmt_trig_on_empty_upd cascade;
+drop function update_stmt_notice();
+
+--
+-- Check that index creation (or DDL in general) is prohibited in a trigger
+--
+
+create table trigger_ddl_table (
+   col1 integer,
+   col2 integer
+);
+
+create function trigger_ddl_func() returns trigger as $$
+begin
+  alter table trigger_ddl_table add primary key (col1);
+  return new;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+create trigger trigger_ddl_func before insert on trigger_ddl_table for each row
+  execute procedure trigger_ddl_func();
+
+insert into trigger_ddl_table values (1, 42);  -- fail
+
+create or replace function trigger_ddl_func() returns trigger as $$
+begin
+  create index on trigger_ddl_table (col2);
+  return new;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+insert into trigger_ddl_table values (1, 42);  -- fail
+
+drop table trigger_ddl_table;
+drop function trigger_ddl_func();
+
+--
+-- Verify behavior of before and after triggers with INSERT...ON CONFLICT
+-- DO UPDATE
+--
+create table upsert (key int4 primary key, color text);
+
+create function upsert_before_func()
+  returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+begin
+  if (TG_OP = 'UPDATE') then
+    raise warning 'before update (old): %', old.*::text;
+    raise warning 'before update (new): %', new.*::text;
+  elsif (TG_OP = 'INSERT') then
+    raise warning 'before insert (new): %', new.*::text;
+    if new.key % 2 = 0 then
+      new.key := new.key + 1;
+      new.color := new.color || ' trig modified';
+      raise warning 'before insert (new, modified): %', new.*::text;
+    end if;
+  end if;
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger upsert_before_trig before insert or update on upsert
+  for each row execute procedure upsert_before_func();
+
+create function upsert_after_func()
+  returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+begin
+  if (TG_OP = 'UPDATE') then
+    raise warning 'after update (old): %', old.*::text;
+    raise warning 'after update (new): %', new.*::text;
+  elsif (TG_OP = 'INSERT') then
+    raise warning 'after insert (new): %', new.*::text;
+  end if;
+  return null;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger upsert_after_trig after insert or update on upsert
+  for each row execute procedure upsert_after_func();
+
+insert into upsert values(1, 'black') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
+insert into upsert values(2, 'red') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
+insert into upsert values(3, 'orange') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
+insert into upsert values(4, 'green') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
+insert into upsert values(5, 'purple') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
+insert into upsert values(6, 'white') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
+insert into upsert values(7, 'pink') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
+insert into upsert values(8, 'yellow') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
+
+select * from upsert;
+
+drop table upsert;
+drop function upsert_before_func();
+drop function upsert_after_func();
+
+--
+-- Verify that triggers with transition tables are not allowed on
+-- views
+--
+
+create table my_table (i int);
+create view my_view as select * from my_table;
+create function my_trigger_function() returns trigger as $$ begin end; $$ language plpgsql;
+create trigger my_trigger after update on my_view referencing old table as old_table
+   for each statement execute procedure my_trigger_function();
+drop function my_trigger_function();
+drop view my_view;
+drop table my_table;
+
+--
+-- Verify cases that are unsupported with partitioned tables
+--
+create table parted_trig (a int) partition by list (a);
+create function trigger_nothing() returns trigger
+  language plpgsql as $$ begin end; $$;
+create trigger failed instead of update on parted_trig
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_nothing();
+create trigger failed after update on parted_trig
+  referencing old table as old_table
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_nothing();
+drop table parted_trig;
+
+--
+-- Verify trigger creation for partitioned tables, and drop behavior
+--
+create table trigpart (a int, b int) partition by range (a);
+create table trigpart1 partition of trigpart for values from (0) to (1000);
+create trigger trg1 after insert on trigpart for each row execute procedure trigger_nothing();
+create table trigpart2 partition of trigpart for values from (1000) to (2000);
+create table trigpart3 (like trigpart);
+alter table trigpart attach partition trigpart3 for values from (2000) to (3000);
+create table trigpart4 partition of trigpart for values from (3000) to (4000) partition by range (a);
+create table trigpart41 partition of trigpart4 for values from (3000) to (3500);
+create table trigpart42 (like trigpart);
+alter table trigpart4 attach partition trigpart42 for values from (3500) to (4000);
+select tgrelid::regclass, tgname, tgfoid::regproc from pg_trigger
+  where tgrelid::regclass::text like 'trigpart%' order by tgrelid::regclass::text;
+drop trigger trg1 on trigpart1;	-- fail
+drop trigger trg1 on trigpart2;	-- fail
+drop trigger trg1 on trigpart3;	-- fail
+drop table trigpart2;			-- ok, trigger should be gone in that partition
+select tgrelid::regclass, tgname, tgfoid::regproc from pg_trigger
+  where tgrelid::regclass::text like 'trigpart%' order by tgrelid::regclass::text;
+drop trigger trg1 on trigpart;		-- ok, all gone
+select tgrelid::regclass, tgname, tgfoid::regproc from pg_trigger
+  where tgrelid::regclass::text like 'trigpart%' order by tgrelid::regclass::text;
+
+-- check detach behavior
+create trigger trg1 after insert on trigpart for each row execute procedure trigger_nothing();
+\d trigpart3
+alter table trigpart detach partition trigpart3;
+drop trigger trg1 on trigpart3; -- fail due to "does not exist"
+alter table trigpart detach partition trigpart4;
+drop trigger trg1 on trigpart41; -- fail due to "does not exist"
+drop table trigpart4;
+alter table trigpart attach partition trigpart3 for values from (2000) to (3000);
+alter table trigpart detach partition trigpart3;
+alter table trigpart attach partition trigpart3 for values from (2000) to (3000);
+drop table trigpart3;
+
+select tgrelid::regclass::text, tgname, tgfoid::regproc, tgenabled, tgisinternal from pg_trigger
+  where tgname ~ '^trg1' order by 1;
+create table trigpart3 (like trigpart);
+create trigger trg1 after insert on trigpart3 for each row execute procedure trigger_nothing();
+\d trigpart3
+alter table trigpart attach partition trigpart3 FOR VALUES FROM (2000) to (3000); -- fail
+drop table trigpart3;
+
+drop table trigpart;
+drop function trigger_nothing();
+
+--
+-- Verify that triggers are fired for partitioned tables
+--
+create table parted_stmt_trig (a int) partition by list (a);
+create table parted_stmt_trig1 partition of parted_stmt_trig for values in (1);
+create table parted_stmt_trig2 partition of parted_stmt_trig for values in (2);
+
+create table parted2_stmt_trig (a int) partition by list (a);
+create table parted2_stmt_trig1 partition of parted2_stmt_trig for values in (1);
+create table parted2_stmt_trig2 partition of parted2_stmt_trig for values in (2);
+
+create or replace function trigger_notice() returns trigger as $$
+  begin
+    raise notice 'trigger % on % % % for %', TG_NAME, TG_TABLE_NAME, TG_WHEN, TG_OP, TG_LEVEL;
+    if TG_LEVEL = 'ROW' then
+       return NEW;
+    end if;
+    return null;
+  end;
+  $$ language plpgsql;
+
+-- insert/update/delete statement-level triggers on the parent
+create trigger trig_ins_before before insert on parted_stmt_trig
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_ins_after after insert on parted_stmt_trig
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_upd_before before update on parted_stmt_trig
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_upd_after after update on parted_stmt_trig
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_del_before before delete on parted_stmt_trig
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_del_after after delete on parted_stmt_trig
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
+
+-- insert/update/delete row-level triggers on the parent
+create trigger trig_ins_after_parent after insert on parted_stmt_trig
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_upd_after_parent after update on parted_stmt_trig
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_del_after_parent after delete on parted_stmt_trig
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+
+-- insert/update/delete row-level triggers on the first partition
+create trigger trig_ins_before_child before insert on parted_stmt_trig1
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_ins_after_child after insert on parted_stmt_trig1
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_upd_before_child before update on parted_stmt_trig1
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_upd_after_child after update on parted_stmt_trig1
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_del_before_child before delete on parted_stmt_trig1
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_del_after_child after delete on parted_stmt_trig1
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+
+-- insert/update/delete statement-level triggers on the parent
+create trigger trig_ins_before_3 before insert on parted2_stmt_trig
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_ins_after_3 after insert on parted2_stmt_trig
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_upd_before_3 before update on parted2_stmt_trig
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_upd_after_3 after update on parted2_stmt_trig
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_del_before_3 before delete on parted2_stmt_trig
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_del_after_3 after delete on parted2_stmt_trig
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
+
+with ins (a) as (
+  insert into parted2_stmt_trig values (1), (2) returning a
+) insert into parted_stmt_trig select a from ins returning tableoid::regclass, a;
+
+with upd as (
+  update parted2_stmt_trig set a = a
+) update parted_stmt_trig  set a = a;
+
+delete from parted_stmt_trig;
+
+-- insert via copy on the parent
+copy parted_stmt_trig(a) from stdin;
+1
+2
+\.
+
+-- insert via copy on the first partition
+copy parted_stmt_trig1(a) from stdin;
+1
+\.
+
+-- Disabling a trigger in the parent table should disable children triggers too
+alter table parted_stmt_trig disable trigger trig_ins_after_parent;
+insert into parted_stmt_trig values (1);
+alter table parted_stmt_trig enable trigger trig_ins_after_parent;
+insert into parted_stmt_trig values (1);
+
+drop table parted_stmt_trig, parted2_stmt_trig;
+
+-- Verify that triggers fire in alphabetical order
+create table parted_trig (a int) partition by range (a);
+create table parted_trig_1 partition of parted_trig for values from (0) to (1000)
+   partition by range (a);
+create table parted_trig_1_1 partition of parted_trig_1 for values from (0) to (100);
+create table parted_trig_2 partition of parted_trig for values from (1000) to (2000);
+create trigger zzz after insert on parted_trig for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger mmm after insert on parted_trig_1_1 for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger aaa after insert on parted_trig_1 for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger bbb after insert on parted_trig for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger qqq after insert on parted_trig_1_1 for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+insert into parted_trig values (50), (1500);
+drop table parted_trig;
+
+-- Verify propagation of trigger arguments to partitions
+create table parted_trig (a int) partition by list (a);
+create table parted_trig1 partition of parted_trig for values in (1);
+create or replace function trigger_notice() returns trigger as $$
+  declare
+    arg1 text = TG_ARGV[0];
+    arg2 integer = TG_ARGV[1];
+  begin
+    raise notice 'trigger % on % % % for % args % %',
+		TG_NAME, TG_TABLE_NAME, TG_WHEN, TG_OP, TG_LEVEL, arg1, arg2;
+    return null;
+  end;
+  $$ language plpgsql;
+create trigger aaa after insert on parted_trig
+   for each row execute procedure trigger_notice('quirky', 1);
+
+-- Verify propagation of trigger arguments to partitions attached after creating trigger
+create table parted_trig2 partition of parted_trig for values in (2);
+create table parted_trig3 (like parted_trig);
+alter table parted_trig attach partition parted_trig3 for values in (3);
+insert into parted_trig values (1), (2), (3);
+drop table parted_trig;
+
+-- test irregular partitions (i.e., different column definitions),
+-- including that the WHEN clause works
+create function bark(text) returns bool language plpgsql immutable
+  as $$ begin raise notice '% <- woof!', $1; return true; end; $$;
+create or replace function trigger_notice_ab() returns trigger as $$
+  begin
+    raise notice 'trigger % on % % % for %: (a,b)=(%,%)',
+		TG_NAME, TG_TABLE_NAME, TG_WHEN, TG_OP, TG_LEVEL,
+		NEW.a, NEW.b;
+    if TG_LEVEL = 'ROW' then
+       return NEW;
+    end if;
+    return null;
+  end;
+  $$ language plpgsql;
+create table parted_irreg_ancestor (fd text, b text, fd2 int, fd3 int, a int)
+  partition by range (b);
+alter table parted_irreg_ancestor drop column fd,
+  drop column fd2, drop column fd3;
+create table parted_irreg (fd int, a int, fd2 int, b text)
+  partition by range (b);
+alter table parted_irreg drop column fd, drop column fd2;
+alter table parted_irreg_ancestor attach partition parted_irreg
+  for values from ('aaaa') to ('zzzz');
+create table parted1_irreg (b text, fd int, a int);
+alter table parted1_irreg drop column fd;
+alter table parted_irreg attach partition parted1_irreg
+  for values from ('aaaa') to ('bbbb');
+create trigger parted_trig after insert on parted_irreg
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice_ab();
+create trigger parted_trig_odd after insert on parted_irreg for each row
+  when (bark(new.b) AND new.a % 2 = 1) execute procedure trigger_notice_ab();
+-- we should hear barking for every insert, but parted_trig_odd only emits
+-- noise for odd values of a. parted_trig does it for all inserts.
+insert into parted_irreg values (1, 'aardvark'), (2, 'aanimals');
+insert into parted1_irreg values ('aardwolf', 2);
+insert into parted_irreg_ancestor values ('aasvogel', 3);
+drop table parted_irreg_ancestor;
+
+-- Before triggers and partitions
+create table parted (a int, b int, c text) partition by list (a);
+create table parted_1 partition of parted for values in (1)
+  partition by list (b);
+create table parted_1_1 partition of parted_1 for values in (1);
+create function parted_trigfunc() returns trigger language plpgsql as $$
+begin
+  new.a = new.a + 1;
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+insert into parted values (1, 1, 'uno uno v1');    -- works
+create trigger t before insert or update or delete on parted
+  for each row execute function parted_trigfunc();
+insert into parted values (1, 1, 'uno uno v2');    -- fail
+update parted set c = c || 'v3';                   -- fail
+create or replace function parted_trigfunc() returns trigger language plpgsql as $$
+begin
+  new.b = new.b + 1;
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+insert into parted values (1, 1, 'uno uno v4');    -- fail
+update parted set c = c || 'v5';                   -- fail
+create or replace function parted_trigfunc() returns trigger language plpgsql as $$
+begin
+  new.c = new.c || ' did '|| TG_OP;
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+insert into parted values (1, 1, 'uno uno');       -- works
+update parted set c = c || ' v6';                   -- works
+select tableoid::regclass, * from parted;
+
+-- update itself moves tuple to new partition; trigger still works
+truncate table parted;
+create table parted_2 partition of parted for values in (2);
+insert into parted values (1, 1, 'uno uno v5');
+update parted set a = 2;
+select tableoid::regclass, * from parted;
+
+-- both trigger and update change the partition
+create or replace function parted_trigfunc2() returns trigger language plpgsql as $$
+begin
+  new.a = new.a + 1;
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger t2 before update on parted
+  for each row execute function parted_trigfunc2();
+truncate table parted;
+insert into parted values (1, 1, 'uno uno v6');
+create table parted_3 partition of parted for values in (3);
+update parted set a = a + 1;
+select tableoid::regclass, * from parted;
+-- there's no partition for a=0, but this update works anyway because
+-- the trigger causes the tuple to be routed to another partition
+update parted set a = 0;
+select tableoid::regclass, * from parted;
+
+drop table parted;
+create table parted (a int, b int, c text) partition by list ((a + b));
+create or replace function parted_trigfunc() returns trigger language plpgsql as $$
+begin
+  new.a = new.a + new.b;
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+create table parted_1 partition of parted for values in (1, 2);
+create table parted_2 partition of parted for values in (3, 4);
+create trigger t before insert or update on parted
+  for each row execute function parted_trigfunc();
+insert into parted values (0, 1, 'zero win');
+insert into parted values (1, 1, 'one fail');
+insert into parted values (1, 2, 'two fail');
+select * from parted;
+drop table parted;
+drop function parted_trigfunc();
+
+--
+-- Constraint triggers and partitioned tables
+create table parted_constr_ancestor (a int, b text)
+  partition by range (b);
+create table parted_constr (a int, b text)
+  partition by range (b);
+alter table parted_constr_ancestor attach partition parted_constr
+  for values from ('aaaa') to ('zzzz');
+create table parted1_constr (a int, b text);
+alter table parted_constr attach partition parted1_constr
+  for values from ('aaaa') to ('bbbb');
+create constraint trigger parted_trig after insert on parted_constr_ancestor
+  deferrable
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice_ab();
+create constraint trigger parted_trig_two after insert on parted_constr
+  deferrable initially deferred
+  for each row when (bark(new.b) AND new.a % 2 = 1)
+  execute procedure trigger_notice_ab();
+
+-- The immediate constraint is fired immediately; the WHEN clause of the
+-- deferred constraint is also called immediately.  The deferred constraint
+-- is fired at commit time.
+begin;
+insert into parted_constr values (1, 'aardvark');
+insert into parted1_constr values (2, 'aardwolf');
+insert into parted_constr_ancestor values (3, 'aasvogel');
+commit;
+
+-- The WHEN clause is immediate, and both constraint triggers are fired at
+-- commit time.
+begin;
+set constraints parted_trig deferred;
+insert into parted_constr values (1, 'aardvark');
+insert into parted1_constr values (2, 'aardwolf'), (3, 'aasvogel');
+commit;
+drop table parted_constr_ancestor;
+drop function bark(text);
+
+-- Test that the WHEN clause is set properly to partitions
+create table parted_trigger (a int, b text) partition by range (a);
+create table parted_trigger_1 partition of parted_trigger for values from (0) to (1000);
+create table parted_trigger_2 (drp int, a int, b text);
+alter table parted_trigger_2 drop column drp;
+alter table parted_trigger attach partition parted_trigger_2 for values from (1000) to (2000);
+create trigger parted_trigger after update on parted_trigger
+  for each row when (new.a % 2 = 1 and length(old.b) >= 2) execute procedure trigger_notice_ab();
+create table parted_trigger_3 (b text, a int) partition by range (length(b));
+create table parted_trigger_3_1 partition of parted_trigger_3 for values from (1) to (3);
+create table parted_trigger_3_2 partition of parted_trigger_3 for values from (3) to (5);
+alter table parted_trigger attach partition parted_trigger_3 for values from (2000) to (3000);
+insert into parted_trigger values
+    (0, 'a'), (1, 'bbb'), (2, 'bcd'), (3, 'c'),
+	(1000, 'c'), (1001, 'ddd'), (1002, 'efg'), (1003, 'f'),
+	(2000, 'e'), (2001, 'fff'), (2002, 'ghi'), (2003, 'h');
+update parted_trigger set a = a + 2; -- notice for odd 'a' values, long 'b' values
+drop table parted_trigger;
+
+-- try a constraint trigger, also
+create table parted_referenced (a int);
+create table unparted_trigger (a int, b text);	-- for comparison purposes
+create table parted_trigger (a int, b text) partition by range (a);
+create table parted_trigger_1 partition of parted_trigger for values from (0) to (1000);
+create table parted_trigger_2 (drp int, a int, b text);
+alter table parted_trigger_2 drop column drp;
+alter table parted_trigger attach partition parted_trigger_2 for values from (1000) to (2000);
+create constraint trigger parted_trigger after update on parted_trigger
+  from parted_referenced
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice_ab();
+create constraint trigger parted_trigger after update on unparted_trigger
+  from parted_referenced
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice_ab();
+create table parted_trigger_3 (b text, a int) partition by range (length(b));
+create table parted_trigger_3_1 partition of parted_trigger_3 for values from (1) to (3);
+create table parted_trigger_3_2 partition of parted_trigger_3 for values from (3) to (5);
+alter table parted_trigger attach partition parted_trigger_3 for values from (2000) to (3000);
+select tgname, conname, t.tgrelid::regclass, t.tgconstrrelid::regclass,
+  c.conrelid::regclass, c.confrelid::regclass
+  from pg_trigger t join pg_constraint c on (t.tgconstraint = c.oid)
+  where tgname = 'parted_trigger'
+  order by t.tgrelid::regclass::text;
+drop table parted_referenced, parted_trigger, unparted_trigger;
+
+-- verify that the "AFTER UPDATE OF columns" event is propagated correctly
+create table parted_trigger (a int, b text) partition by range (a);
+create table parted_trigger_1 partition of parted_trigger for values from (0) to (1000);
+create table parted_trigger_2 (drp int, a int, b text);
+alter table parted_trigger_2 drop column drp;
+alter table parted_trigger attach partition parted_trigger_2 for values from (1000) to (2000);
+create trigger parted_trigger after update of b on parted_trigger
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice_ab();
+create table parted_trigger_3 (b text, a int) partition by range (length(b));
+create table parted_trigger_3_1 partition of parted_trigger_3 for values from (1) to (4);
+create table parted_trigger_3_2 partition of parted_trigger_3 for values from (4) to (8);
+alter table parted_trigger attach partition parted_trigger_3 for values from (2000) to (3000);
+insert into parted_trigger values (0, 'a'), (1000, 'c'), (2000, 'e'), (2001, 'eeee');
+update parted_trigger set a = a + 2;	-- no notices here
+update parted_trigger set b = b || 'b';	-- all triggers should fire
+drop table parted_trigger;
+
+drop function trigger_notice_ab();
+
+-- Make sure we don't end up with unnecessary copies of triggers, when
+-- cloning them.
+create table trg_clone (a int) partition by range (a);
+create table trg_clone1 partition of trg_clone for values from (0) to (1000);
+alter table trg_clone add constraint uniq unique (a) deferrable;
+create table trg_clone2 partition of trg_clone for values from (1000) to (2000);
+create table trg_clone3 partition of trg_clone for values from (2000) to (3000)
+  partition by range (a);
+create table trg_clone_3_3 partition of trg_clone3 for values from (2000) to (2100);
+select tgrelid::regclass, count(*) from pg_trigger
+  where tgrelid::regclass in ('trg_clone', 'trg_clone1', 'trg_clone2',
+	'trg_clone3', 'trg_clone_3_3')
+  group by tgrelid::regclass order by tgrelid::regclass;
+drop table trg_clone;
+
+-- Test the interaction between ALTER TABLE .. DISABLE TRIGGER and
+-- both kinds of inheritance.  Historically, legacy inheritance has
+-- not recursed to children, so that behavior is preserved.
+create table parent (a int);
+create table child1 () inherits (parent);
+create function trig_nothing() returns trigger language plpgsql
+  as $$ begin return null; end $$;
+create trigger tg after insert on parent
+  for each row execute function trig_nothing();
+create trigger tg after insert on child1
+  for each row execute function trig_nothing();
+alter table parent disable trigger tg;
+select tgrelid::regclass, tgname, tgenabled from pg_trigger
+  where tgrelid in ('parent'::regclass, 'child1'::regclass)
+  order by tgrelid::regclass::text;
+alter table only parent enable always trigger tg;
+select tgrelid::regclass, tgname, tgenabled from pg_trigger
+  where tgrelid in ('parent'::regclass, 'child1'::regclass)
+  order by tgrelid::regclass::text;
+drop table parent, child1;
+
+create table parent (a int) partition by list (a);
+create table child1 partition of parent for values in (1);
+create trigger tg after insert on parent
+  for each row execute procedure trig_nothing();
+select tgrelid::regclass, tgname, tgenabled from pg_trigger
+  where tgrelid in ('parent'::regclass, 'child1'::regclass)
+  order by tgrelid::regclass::text;
+alter table only parent enable always trigger tg;
+select tgrelid::regclass, tgname, tgenabled from pg_trigger
+  where tgrelid in ('parent'::regclass, 'child1'::regclass)
+  order by tgrelid::regclass::text;
+drop table parent, child1;
+
+-- Verify that firing state propagates correctly on creation, too
+CREATE TABLE trgfire (i int) PARTITION BY RANGE (i);
+CREATE TABLE trgfire1 PARTITION OF trgfire FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (10);
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION tgf() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql
+  AS $$ begin raise exception 'except'; end $$;
+CREATE TRIGGER tg AFTER INSERT ON trgfire FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION tgf();
+INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (1);
+ALTER TABLE trgfire DISABLE TRIGGER tg;
+INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (1);
+CREATE TABLE trgfire2 PARTITION OF trgfire FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (20);
+INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (11);
+CREATE TABLE trgfire3 (LIKE trgfire);
+ALTER TABLE trgfire ATTACH PARTITION trgfire3 FOR VALUES FROM (20) TO (30);
+INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (21);
+CREATE TABLE trgfire4 PARTITION OF trgfire FOR VALUES FROM (30) TO (40) PARTITION BY LIST (i);
+CREATE TABLE trgfire4_30 PARTITION OF trgfire4 FOR VALUES IN (30);
+INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (30);
+CREATE TABLE trgfire5 (LIKE trgfire) PARTITION BY LIST (i);
+CREATE TABLE trgfire5_40 PARTITION OF trgfire5 FOR VALUES IN (40);
+ALTER TABLE trgfire ATTACH PARTITION trgfire5 FOR VALUES FROM (40) TO (50);
+INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (40);
+SELECT tgrelid::regclass, tgenabled FROM pg_trigger
+  WHERE tgrelid::regclass IN (SELECT oid from pg_class where relname LIKE 'trgfire%')
+  ORDER BY tgrelid::regclass::text;
+ALTER TABLE trgfire ENABLE TRIGGER tg;
+INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (11);
+INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (21);
+INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (30);
+INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (40);
+DROP TABLE trgfire;
+DROP FUNCTION tgf();
+
+--
+-- Test the interaction between transition tables and both kinds of
+-- inheritance.  We'll dump the contents of the transition tables in a
+-- format that shows the attribute order, so that we can distinguish
+-- tuple formats (though not dropped attributes).
+--
+
+create or replace function dump_insert() returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+  begin
+    raise notice 'trigger = %, new table = %',
+                 TG_NAME,
+                 (select string_agg(new_table::text, ', ' order by a) from new_table);
+    return null;
+  end;
+$$;
+
+create or replace function dump_update() returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+  begin
+    raise notice 'trigger = %, old table = %, new table = %',
+                 TG_NAME,
+                 (select string_agg(old_table::text, ', ' order by a) from old_table),
+                 (select string_agg(new_table::text, ', ' order by a) from new_table);
+    return null;
+  end;
+$$;
+
+create or replace function dump_delete() returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+  begin
+    raise notice 'trigger = %, old table = %',
+                 TG_NAME,
+                 (select string_agg(old_table::text, ', ' order by a) from old_table);
+    return null;
+  end;
+$$;
+
+--
+-- Verify behavior of statement triggers on partition hierarchy with
+-- transition tables.  Tuples should appear to each trigger in the
+-- format of the relation the trigger is attached to.
+--
+
+-- set up a partition hierarchy with some different TupleDescriptors
+create table parent (a text, b int) partition by list (a);
+
+-- a child matching parent
+create table child1 partition of parent for values in ('AAA');
+
+-- a child with a dropped column
+create table child2 (x int, a text, b int);
+alter table child2 drop column x;
+alter table parent attach partition child2 for values in ('BBB');
+
+-- a child with a different column order
+create table child3 (b int, a text);
+alter table parent attach partition child3 for values in ('CCC');
+
+create trigger parent_insert_trig
+  after insert on parent referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger parent_update_trig
+  after update on parent referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
+create trigger parent_delete_trig
+  after delete on parent referencing old table as old_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
+
+create trigger child1_insert_trig
+  after insert on child1 referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger child1_update_trig
+  after update on child1 referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
+create trigger child1_delete_trig
+  after delete on child1 referencing old table as old_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
+
+create trigger child2_insert_trig
+  after insert on child2 referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger child2_update_trig
+  after update on child2 referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
+create trigger child2_delete_trig
+  after delete on child2 referencing old table as old_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
+
+create trigger child3_insert_trig
+  after insert on child3 referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger child3_update_trig
+  after update on child3 referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
+create trigger child3_delete_trig
+  after delete on child3 referencing old table as old_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
+
+SELECT trigger_name, event_manipulation, event_object_schema, event_object_table,
+       action_order, action_condition, action_orientation, action_timing,
+       action_reference_old_table, action_reference_new_table
+  FROM information_schema.triggers
+  WHERE event_object_table IN ('parent', 'child1', 'child2', 'child3')
+  ORDER BY trigger_name COLLATE "C", 2;
+
+-- insert directly into children sees respective child-format tuples
+insert into child1 values ('AAA', 42);
+insert into child2 values ('BBB', 42);
+insert into child3 values (42, 'CCC');
+
+-- update via parent sees parent-format tuples
+update parent set b = b + 1;
+
+-- delete via parent sees parent-format tuples
+delete from parent;
+
+-- insert into parent sees parent-format tuples
+insert into parent values ('AAA', 42);
+insert into parent values ('BBB', 42);
+insert into parent values ('CCC', 42);
+
+-- delete from children sees respective child-format tuples
+delete from child1;
+delete from child2;
+delete from child3;
+
+-- copy into parent sees parent-format tuples
+copy parent (a, b) from stdin;
+AAA	42
+BBB	42
+CCC	42
+\.
+
+-- DML affecting parent sees tuples collected from children even if
+-- there is no transition table trigger on the children
+drop trigger child1_insert_trig on child1;
+drop trigger child1_update_trig on child1;
+drop trigger child1_delete_trig on child1;
+drop trigger child2_insert_trig on child2;
+drop trigger child2_update_trig on child2;
+drop trigger child2_delete_trig on child2;
+drop trigger child3_insert_trig on child3;
+drop trigger child3_update_trig on child3;
+drop trigger child3_delete_trig on child3;
+delete from parent;
+
+-- copy into parent sees tuples collected from children even if there
+-- is no transition-table trigger on the children
+copy parent (a, b) from stdin;
+AAA	42
+BBB	42
+CCC	42
+\.
+
+-- insert into parent with a before trigger on a child tuple before
+-- insertion, and we capture the newly modified row in parent format
+create or replace function intercept_insert() returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+  begin
+    new.b = new.b + 1000;
+    return new;
+  end;
+$$;
+
+create trigger intercept_insert_child3
+  before insert on child3
+  for each row execute procedure intercept_insert();
+
+
+-- insert, parent trigger sees post-modification parent-format tuple
+insert into parent values ('AAA', 42), ('BBB', 42), ('CCC', 66);
+
+-- copy, parent trigger sees post-modification parent-format tuple
+copy parent (a, b) from stdin;
+AAA	42
+BBB	42
+CCC	234
+\.
+
+drop table child1, child2, child3, parent;
+drop function intercept_insert();
+
+--
+-- Verify prohibition of row triggers with transition triggers on
+-- partitions
+--
+create table parent (a text, b int) partition by list (a);
+create table child partition of parent for values in ('AAA');
+
+-- adding row trigger with transition table fails
+create trigger child_row_trig
+  after insert on child referencing new table as new_table
+  for each row execute procedure dump_insert();
+
+-- detaching it first works
+alter table parent detach partition child;
+
+create trigger child_row_trig
+  after insert on child referencing new table as new_table
+  for each row execute procedure dump_insert();
+
+-- but now we're not allowed to reattach it
+alter table parent attach partition child for values in ('AAA');
+
+-- drop the trigger, and now we're allowed to attach it again
+drop trigger child_row_trig on child;
+alter table parent attach partition child for values in ('AAA');
+
+drop table child, parent;
+
+--
+-- Verify behavior of statement triggers on (non-partition)
+-- inheritance hierarchy with transition tables; similar to the
+-- partition case, except there is no rerouting on insertion and child
+-- tables can have extra columns
+--
+
+-- set up inheritance hierarchy with different TupleDescriptors
+create table parent (a text, b int);
+
+-- a child matching parent
+create table child1 () inherits (parent);
+
+-- a child with a different column order
+create table child2 (b int, a text);
+alter table child2 inherit parent;
+
+-- a child with an extra column
+create table child3 (c text) inherits (parent);
+
+create trigger parent_insert_trig
+  after insert on parent referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger parent_update_trig
+  after update on parent referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
+create trigger parent_delete_trig
+  after delete on parent referencing old table as old_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
+
+create trigger child1_insert_trig
+  after insert on child1 referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger child1_update_trig
+  after update on child1 referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
+create trigger child1_delete_trig
+  after delete on child1 referencing old table as old_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
+
+create trigger child2_insert_trig
+  after insert on child2 referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger child2_update_trig
+  after update on child2 referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
+create trigger child2_delete_trig
+  after delete on child2 referencing old table as old_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
+
+create trigger child3_insert_trig
+  after insert on child3 referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger child3_update_trig
+  after update on child3 referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
+create trigger child3_delete_trig
+  after delete on child3 referencing old table as old_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
+
+-- insert directly into children sees respective child-format tuples
+insert into child1 values ('AAA', 42);
+insert into child2 values (42, 'BBB');
+insert into child3 values ('CCC', 42, 'foo');
+
+-- update via parent sees parent-format tuples
+update parent set b = b + 1;
+
+-- delete via parent sees parent-format tuples
+delete from parent;
+
+-- reinsert values into children for next test...
+insert into child1 values ('AAA', 42);
+insert into child2 values (42, 'BBB');
+insert into child3 values ('CCC', 42, 'foo');
+
+-- delete from children sees respective child-format tuples
+delete from child1;
+delete from child2;
+delete from child3;
+
+-- copy into parent sees parent-format tuples (no rerouting, so these
+-- are really inserted into the parent)
+copy parent (a, b) from stdin;
+AAA	42
+BBB	42
+CCC	42
+\.
+
+-- same behavior for copy if there is an index (interesting because rows are
+-- captured by a different code path in copy.c if there are indexes)
+create index on parent(b);
+copy parent (a, b) from stdin;
+DDD	42
+\.
+
+-- DML affecting parent sees tuples collected from children even if
+-- there is no transition table trigger on the children
+drop trigger child1_insert_trig on child1;
+drop trigger child1_update_trig on child1;
+drop trigger child1_delete_trig on child1;
+drop trigger child2_insert_trig on child2;
+drop trigger child2_update_trig on child2;
+drop trigger child2_delete_trig on child2;
+drop trigger child3_insert_trig on child3;
+drop trigger child3_update_trig on child3;
+drop trigger child3_delete_trig on child3;
+delete from parent;
+
+drop table child1, child2, child3, parent;
+
+--
+-- Verify prohibition of row triggers with transition triggers on
+-- inheritance children
+--
+create table parent (a text, b int);
+create table child () inherits (parent);
+
+-- adding row trigger with transition table fails
+create trigger child_row_trig
+  after insert on child referencing new table as new_table
+  for each row execute procedure dump_insert();
+
+-- disinheriting it first works
+alter table child no inherit parent;
+
+create trigger child_row_trig
+  after insert on child referencing new table as new_table
+  for each row execute procedure dump_insert();
+
+-- but now we're not allowed to make it inherit anymore
+alter table child inherit parent;
+
+-- drop the trigger, and now we're allowed to make it inherit again
+drop trigger child_row_trig on child;
+alter table child inherit parent;
+
+drop table child, parent;
+
+--
+-- Verify behavior of queries with wCTEs, where multiple transition
+-- tuplestores can be active at the same time because there are
+-- multiple DML statements that might fire triggers with transition
+-- tables
+--
+create table table1 (a int);
+create table table2 (a text);
+create trigger table1_trig
+  after insert on table1 referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger table2_trig
+  after insert on table2 referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+
+with wcte as (insert into table1 values (42))
+  insert into table2 values ('hello world');
+
+with wcte as (insert into table1 values (43))
+  insert into table1 values (44);
+
+select * from table1;
+select * from table2;
+
+drop table table1;
+drop table table2;
+
+--
+-- Verify behavior of INSERT ... ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE ... with
+-- transition tables.
+--
+
+create table my_table (a int primary key, b text);
+create trigger my_table_insert_trig
+  after insert on my_table referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger my_table_update_trig
+  after update on my_table referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
+
+-- inserts only
+insert into my_table values (1, 'AAA'), (2, 'BBB')
+  on conflict (a) do
+  update set b = my_table.b || ':' || excluded.b;
+
+-- mixture of inserts and updates
+insert into my_table values (1, 'AAA'), (2, 'BBB'), (3, 'CCC'), (4, 'DDD')
+  on conflict (a) do
+  update set b = my_table.b || ':' || excluded.b;
+
+-- updates only
+insert into my_table values (3, 'CCC'), (4, 'DDD')
+  on conflict (a) do
+  update set b = my_table.b || ':' || excluded.b;
+
+--
+-- now using a partitioned table
+--
+
+create table iocdu_tt_parted (a int primary key, b text) partition by list (a);
+create table iocdu_tt_parted1 partition of iocdu_tt_parted for values in (1);
+create table iocdu_tt_parted2 partition of iocdu_tt_parted for values in (2);
+create table iocdu_tt_parted3 partition of iocdu_tt_parted for values in (3);
+create table iocdu_tt_parted4 partition of iocdu_tt_parted for values in (4);
+create trigger iocdu_tt_parted_insert_trig
+  after insert on iocdu_tt_parted referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger iocdu_tt_parted_update_trig
+  after update on iocdu_tt_parted referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
+
+-- inserts only
+insert into iocdu_tt_parted values (1, 'AAA'), (2, 'BBB')
+  on conflict (a) do
+  update set b = iocdu_tt_parted.b || ':' || excluded.b;
+
+-- mixture of inserts and updates
+insert into iocdu_tt_parted values (1, 'AAA'), (2, 'BBB'), (3, 'CCC'), (4, 'DDD')
+  on conflict (a) do
+  update set b = iocdu_tt_parted.b || ':' || excluded.b;
+
+-- updates only
+insert into iocdu_tt_parted values (3, 'CCC'), (4, 'DDD')
+  on conflict (a) do
+  update set b = iocdu_tt_parted.b || ':' || excluded.b;
+
+drop table iocdu_tt_parted;
+
+--
+-- Verify that you can't create a trigger with transition tables for
+-- more than one event.
+--
+
+create trigger my_table_multievent_trig
+  after insert or update on my_table referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+
+--
+-- Verify that you can't create a trigger with transition tables with
+-- a column list.
+--
+
+create trigger my_table_col_update_trig
+  after update of b on my_table referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+
+drop table my_table;
+
+--
+-- Test firing of triggers with transition tables by foreign key cascades
+--
+
+create table refd_table (a int primary key, b text);
+create table trig_table (a int, b text,
+  foreign key (a) references refd_table on update cascade on delete cascade
+);
+
+create trigger trig_table_before_trig
+  before insert or update or delete on trig_table
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_func('trig_table');
+create trigger trig_table_insert_trig
+  after insert on trig_table referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger trig_table_update_trig
+  after update on trig_table referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
+create trigger trig_table_delete_trig
+  after delete on trig_table referencing old table as old_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
+
+insert into refd_table values
+  (1, 'one'),
+  (2, 'two'),
+  (3, 'three');
+insert into trig_table values
+  (1, 'one a'),
+  (1, 'one b'),
+  (2, 'two a'),
+  (2, 'two b'),
+  (3, 'three a'),
+  (3, 'three b');
+
+update refd_table set a = 11 where b = 'one';
+
+select * from trig_table;
+
+delete from refd_table where length(b) = 3;
+
+select * from trig_table;
+
+drop table refd_table, trig_table;
+
+--
+-- self-referential FKs are even more fun
+--
+
+create table self_ref (a int primary key,
+                       b int references self_ref(a) on delete cascade);
+
+create trigger self_ref_before_trig
+  before delete on self_ref
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_func('self_ref');
+create trigger self_ref_r_trig
+  after delete on self_ref referencing old table as old_table
+  for each row execute procedure dump_delete();
+create trigger self_ref_s_trig
+  after delete on self_ref referencing old table as old_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
+
+insert into self_ref values (1, null), (2, 1), (3, 2);
+
+delete from self_ref where a = 1;
+
+-- without AR trigger, cascaded deletes all end up in one transition table
+drop trigger self_ref_r_trig on self_ref;
+
+insert into self_ref values (1, null), (2, 1), (3, 2), (4, 3);
+
+delete from self_ref where a = 1;
+
+drop table self_ref;
+
+-- cleanup
+drop function dump_insert();
+drop function dump_update();
+drop function dump_delete();
+
+-- Leave around some objects for other tests
+create table trigger_parted (a int primary key) partition by list (a);
+create function trigger_parted_trigfunc() returns trigger language plpgsql as
+  $$ begin end; $$;
+create trigger aft_row after insert or update on trigger_parted
+  for each row execute function trigger_parted_trigfunc();
+create table trigger_parted_p1 partition of trigger_parted for values in (1)
+  partition by list (a);
+create table trigger_parted_p1_1 partition of trigger_parted_p1 for values in (1);
+create table trigger_parted_p2 partition of trigger_parted for values in (2)
+  partition by list (a);
+create table trigger_parted_p2_2 partition of trigger_parted_p2 for values in (2);
+alter table only trigger_parted_p2 disable trigger aft_row;
+alter table trigger_parted_p2_2 enable always trigger aft_row;
+
+-- verify transition table conversion slot's lifetime
+-- https://postgr.es/m/39a71864-b120-5a5c-8cc5-c632b6f16761@amazon.com
+create table convslot_test_parent (col1 text primary key);
+create table convslot_test_child (col1 text primary key,
+	foreign key (col1) references convslot_test_parent(col1) on delete cascade on update cascade
+);
+
+alter table convslot_test_child add column col2 text not null default 'tutu';
+insert into convslot_test_parent(col1) values ('1');
+insert into convslot_test_child(col1) values ('1');
+insert into convslot_test_parent(col1) values ('3');
+insert into convslot_test_child(col1) values ('3');
+
+create or replace function trigger_function1()
+returns trigger
+language plpgsql
+AS $$
+begin
+raise notice 'trigger = %, old_table = %',
+          TG_NAME,
+          (select string_agg(old_table::text, ', ' order by col1) from old_table);
+return null;
+end; $$;
+
+create or replace function trigger_function2()
+returns trigger
+language plpgsql
+AS $$
+begin
+raise notice 'trigger = %, new table = %',
+          TG_NAME,
+          (select string_agg(new_table::text, ', ' order by col1) from new_table);
+return null;
+end; $$;
+
+create trigger but_trigger after update on convslot_test_child
+referencing new table as new_table
+for each statement execute function trigger_function2();
+
+update convslot_test_parent set col1 = col1 || '1';
+
+create or replace function trigger_function3()
+returns trigger
+language plpgsql
+AS $$
+begin
+raise notice 'trigger = %, old_table = %, new table = %',
+          TG_NAME,
+          (select string_agg(old_table::text, ', ' order by col1) from old_table),
+          (select string_agg(new_table::text, ', ' order by col1) from new_table);
+return null;
+end; $$;
+
+create trigger but_trigger2 after update on convslot_test_child
+referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+for each statement execute function trigger_function3();
+update convslot_test_parent set col1 = col1 || '1';
+
+create trigger bdt_trigger after delete on convslot_test_child
+referencing old table as old_table
+for each statement execute function trigger_function1();
+delete from convslot_test_parent;
+
+drop table convslot_test_child, convslot_test_parent;