-- -- Test of Row-level security feature -- -- Clean up in case a prior regression run failed -- Suppress NOTICE messages when users/groups don't exist SET client_min_messages TO 'warning'; DROP USER IF EXISTS regress_rls_alice; DROP USER IF EXISTS regress_rls_bob; DROP USER IF EXISTS regress_rls_carol; DROP USER IF EXISTS regress_rls_dave; DROP USER IF EXISTS regress_rls_exempt_user; DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_rls_group1; DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_rls_group2; DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS regress_rls_schema CASCADE; RESET client_min_messages; -- initial setup CREATE USER regress_rls_alice NOLOGIN; CREATE USER regress_rls_bob NOLOGIN; CREATE USER regress_rls_carol NOLOGIN; CREATE USER regress_rls_dave NOLOGIN; CREATE USER regress_rls_exempt_user BYPASSRLS NOLOGIN; CREATE ROLE regress_rls_group1 NOLOGIN; CREATE ROLE regress_rls_group2 NOLOGIN; GRANT regress_rls_group1 TO regress_rls_bob; GRANT regress_rls_group2 TO regress_rls_carol; CREATE SCHEMA regress_rls_schema; GRANT ALL ON SCHEMA regress_rls_schema to public; SET search_path = regress_rls_schema; -- setup of malicious function CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION f_leak(text) RETURNS bool COST 0.0000001 LANGUAGE plpgsql AS 'BEGIN RAISE NOTICE ''f_leak => %'', $1; RETURN true; END'; GRANT EXECUTE ON FUNCTION f_leak(text) TO public; -- BASIC Row-Level Security Scenario SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; CREATE TABLE uaccount ( pguser name primary key, seclv int ); GRANT SELECT ON uaccount TO public; INSERT INTO uaccount VALUES ('regress_rls_alice', 99), ('regress_rls_bob', 1), ('regress_rls_carol', 2), ('regress_rls_dave', 3); CREATE TABLE category ( cid int primary key, cname text ); GRANT ALL ON category TO public; INSERT INTO category VALUES (11, 'novel'), (22, 'science fiction'), (33, 'technology'), (44, 'manga'); CREATE TABLE document ( did int primary key, cid int references category(cid), dlevel int not null, dauthor name, dtitle text ); GRANT ALL ON document TO public; INSERT INTO document VALUES ( 1, 11, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my first novel'), ( 2, 11, 2, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my second novel'), ( 3, 22, 2, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my science fiction'), ( 4, 44, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my first manga'), ( 5, 44, 2, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my second manga'), ( 6, 22, 1, 'regress_rls_carol', 'great science fiction'), ( 7, 33, 2, 'regress_rls_carol', 'great technology book'), ( 8, 44, 1, 'regress_rls_carol', 'great manga'), ( 9, 22, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'awesome science fiction'), (10, 33, 2, 'regress_rls_dave', 'awesome technology book'); ALTER TABLE document ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; -- user's security level must be higher than or equal to document's CREATE POLICY p1 ON document AS PERMISSIVE USING (dlevel <= (SELECT seclv FROM uaccount WHERE pguser = current_user)); -- try to create a policy of bogus type CREATE POLICY p1 ON document AS UGLY USING (dlevel <= (SELECT seclv FROM uaccount WHERE pguser = current_user)); ERROR: unrecognized row security option "ugly" LINE 1: CREATE POLICY p1 ON document AS UGLY ^ HINT: Only PERMISSIVE or RESTRICTIVE policies are supported currently. -- but Dave isn't allowed to anything at cid 50 or above -- this is to make sure that we sort the policies by name first -- when applying WITH CHECK, a later INSERT by Dave should fail due -- to p1r first CREATE POLICY p2r ON document AS RESTRICTIVE TO regress_rls_dave USING (cid <> 44 AND cid < 50); -- and Dave isn't allowed to see manga documents CREATE POLICY p1r ON document AS RESTRICTIVE TO regress_rls_dave USING (cid <> 44); \dp Access privileges Schema | Name | Type | Access privileges | Column privileges | Policies --------------------+----------+-------+---------------------------------------------+-------------------+-------------------------------------------- regress_rls_schema | category | table | regress_rls_alice=arwdDxt/regress_rls_alice+| | | | | =arwdDxt/regress_rls_alice | | regress_rls_schema | document | table | regress_rls_alice=arwdDxt/regress_rls_alice+| | p1: + | | | =arwdDxt/regress_rls_alice | | (u): (dlevel <= ( SELECT uaccount.seclv + | | | | | FROM uaccount + | | | | | WHERE (uaccount.pguser = CURRENT_USER)))+ | | | | | p2r (RESTRICTIVE): + | | | | | (u): ((cid <> 44) AND (cid < 50)) + | | | | | to: regress_rls_dave + | | | | | p1r (RESTRICTIVE): + | | | | | (u): (cid <> 44) + | | | | | to: regress_rls_dave regress_rls_schema | uaccount | table | regress_rls_alice=arwdDxt/regress_rls_alice+| | | | | =r/regress_rls_alice | | (3 rows) \d document Table "regress_rls_schema.document" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default ---------+---------+-----------+----------+--------- did | integer | | not null | cid | integer | | | dlevel | integer | | not null | dauthor | name | | | dtitle | text | | | Indexes: "document_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (did) Foreign-key constraints: "document_cid_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (cid) REFERENCES category(cid) Policies: POLICY "p1" USING ((dlevel <= ( SELECT uaccount.seclv FROM uaccount WHERE (uaccount.pguser = CURRENT_USER)))) POLICY "p1r" AS RESTRICTIVE TO regress_rls_dave USING ((cid <> 44)) POLICY "p2r" AS RESTRICTIVE TO regress_rls_dave USING (((cid <> 44) AND (cid < 50))) SELECT * FROM pg_policies WHERE schemaname = 'regress_rls_schema' AND tablename = 'document' ORDER BY policyname; schemaname | tablename | policyname | permissive | roles | cmd | qual | with_check --------------------+-----------+------------+-------------+--------------------+-----+--------------------------------------------+------------ regress_rls_schema | document | p1 | PERMISSIVE | {public} | ALL | (dlevel <= ( SELECT uaccount.seclv +| | | | | | | FROM uaccount +| | | | | | | WHERE (uaccount.pguser = CURRENT_USER))) | regress_rls_schema | document | p1r | RESTRICTIVE | {regress_rls_dave} | ALL | (cid <> 44) | regress_rls_schema | document | p2r | RESTRICTIVE | {regress_rls_dave} | ALL | ((cid <> 44) AND (cid < 50)) | (3 rows) -- viewpoint from regress_rls_bob SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; SET row_security TO ON; SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did; NOTICE: f_leak => my first novel NOTICE: f_leak => my first manga NOTICE: f_leak => great science fiction NOTICE: f_leak => great manga NOTICE: f_leak => awesome science fiction did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle -----+-----+--------+-------------------+------------------------- 1 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first novel 4 | 44 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first manga 6 | 22 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction 8 | 44 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga 9 | 22 | 1 | regress_rls_dave | awesome science fiction (5 rows) SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did; NOTICE: f_leak => my first novel NOTICE: f_leak => my first manga NOTICE: f_leak => great science fiction NOTICE: f_leak => great manga NOTICE: f_leak => awesome science fiction cid | did | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle | cname -----+-----+--------+-------------------+-------------------------+----------------- 11 | 1 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first novel | novel 44 | 4 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first manga | manga 22 | 6 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction | science fiction 44 | 8 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga | manga 22 | 9 | 1 | regress_rls_dave | awesome science fiction | science fiction (5 rows) -- try a sampled version SELECT * FROM document TABLESAMPLE BERNOULLI(50) REPEATABLE(0) WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did; NOTICE: f_leak => my first manga NOTICE: f_leak => great science fiction NOTICE: f_leak => great manga NOTICE: f_leak => awesome science fiction did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle -----+-----+--------+-------------------+------------------------- 4 | 44 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first manga 6 | 22 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction 8 | 44 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga 9 | 22 | 1 | regress_rls_dave | awesome science fiction (4 rows) -- viewpoint from regress_rls_carol SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol; SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did; NOTICE: f_leak => my first novel NOTICE: f_leak => my second novel NOTICE: f_leak => my science fiction NOTICE: f_leak => my first manga NOTICE: f_leak => my second manga NOTICE: f_leak => great science fiction NOTICE: f_leak => great technology book NOTICE: f_leak => great manga NOTICE: f_leak => awesome science fiction NOTICE: f_leak => awesome technology book did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle -----+-----+--------+-------------------+------------------------- 1 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first novel 2 | 11 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my second novel 3 | 22 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my science fiction 4 | 44 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first manga 5 | 44 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my second manga 6 | 22 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction 7 | 33 | 2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book 8 | 44 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga 9 | 22 | 1 | regress_rls_dave | awesome science fiction 10 | 33 | 2 | regress_rls_dave | awesome technology book (10 rows) SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did; NOTICE: f_leak => my first novel NOTICE: f_leak => my second novel NOTICE: f_leak => my science fiction NOTICE: f_leak => my first manga NOTICE: f_leak => my second manga NOTICE: f_leak => great science fiction NOTICE: f_leak => great technology book NOTICE: f_leak => great manga NOTICE: f_leak => awesome science fiction NOTICE: f_leak => awesome technology book cid | did | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle | cname -----+-----+--------+-------------------+-------------------------+----------------- 11 | 1 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first novel | novel 11 | 2 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my second novel | novel 22 | 3 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my science fiction | science fiction 44 | 4 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first manga | manga 44 | 5 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my second manga | manga 22 | 6 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction | science fiction 33 | 7 | 2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book | technology 44 | 8 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga | manga 22 | 9 | 1 | regress_rls_dave | awesome science fiction | science fiction 33 | 10 | 2 | regress_rls_dave | awesome technology book | technology (10 rows) -- try a sampled version SELECT * FROM document TABLESAMPLE BERNOULLI(50) REPEATABLE(0) WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did; NOTICE: f_leak => my first manga NOTICE: f_leak => my second manga NOTICE: f_leak => great science fiction NOTICE: f_leak => great manga NOTICE: f_leak => awesome science fiction did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle -----+-----+--------+-------------------+------------------------- 4 | 44 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first manga 5 | 44 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my second manga 6 | 22 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction 8 | 44 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga 9 | 22 | 1 | regress_rls_dave | awesome science fiction (5 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle); QUERY PLAN ---------------------------------------------------- Seq Scan on document Filter: ((dlevel <= $0) AND f_leak(dtitle)) InitPlan 1 (returns $0) -> Index Scan using uaccount_pkey on uaccount Index Cond: (pguser = CURRENT_USER) (5 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle); QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------------------- Hash Join Hash Cond: (category.cid = document.cid) InitPlan 1 (returns $0) -> Index Scan using uaccount_pkey on uaccount Index Cond: (pguser = CURRENT_USER) -> Seq Scan on category -> Hash -> Seq Scan on document Filter: ((dlevel <= $0) AND f_leak(dtitle)) (9 rows) -- viewpoint from regress_rls_dave SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_dave; SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did; NOTICE: f_leak => my first novel NOTICE: f_leak => my second novel NOTICE: f_leak => my science fiction NOTICE: f_leak => great science fiction NOTICE: f_leak => great technology book NOTICE: f_leak => awesome science fiction NOTICE: f_leak => awesome technology book did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle -----+-----+--------+-------------------+------------------------- 1 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first novel 2 | 11 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my second novel 3 | 22 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my science fiction 6 | 22 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction 7 | 33 | 2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book 9 | 22 | 1 | regress_rls_dave | awesome science fiction 10 | 33 | 2 | regress_rls_dave | awesome technology book (7 rows) SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did; NOTICE: f_leak => my first novel NOTICE: f_leak => my second novel NOTICE: f_leak => my science fiction NOTICE: f_leak => great science fiction NOTICE: f_leak => great technology book NOTICE: f_leak => awesome science fiction NOTICE: f_leak => awesome technology book cid | did | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle | cname -----+-----+--------+-------------------+-------------------------+----------------- 11 | 1 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first novel | novel 11 | 2 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my second novel | novel 22 | 3 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my science fiction | science fiction 22 | 6 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction | science fiction 33 | 7 | 2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book | technology 22 | 9 | 1 | regress_rls_dave | awesome science fiction | science fiction 33 | 10 | 2 | regress_rls_dave | awesome technology book | technology (7 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle); QUERY PLAN ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Seq Scan on document Filter: ((cid <> 44) AND (cid <> 44) AND (cid < 50) AND (dlevel <= $0) AND f_leak(dtitle)) InitPlan 1 (returns $0) -> Index Scan using uaccount_pkey on uaccount Index Cond: (pguser = CURRENT_USER) (5 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle); QUERY PLAN ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hash Join Hash Cond: (category.cid = document.cid) InitPlan 1 (returns $0) -> Index Scan using uaccount_pkey on uaccount Index Cond: (pguser = CURRENT_USER) -> Seq Scan on category -> Hash -> Seq Scan on document Filter: ((cid <> 44) AND (cid <> 44) AND (cid < 50) AND (dlevel <= $0) AND f_leak(dtitle)) (9 rows) -- 44 would technically fail for both p2r and p1r, but we should get an error -- back from p1r for this because it sorts first INSERT INTO document VALUES (100, 44, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'testing sorting of policies'); -- fail ERROR: new row violates row-level security policy "p1r" for table "document" -- Just to see a p2r error INSERT INTO document VALUES (100, 55, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'testing sorting of policies'); -- fail ERROR: new row violates row-level security policy "p2r" for table "document" -- only owner can change policies ALTER POLICY p1 ON document USING (true); --fail ERROR: must be owner of table document DROP POLICY p1 ON document; --fail ERROR: must be owner of relation document SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; ALTER POLICY p1 ON document USING (dauthor = current_user); -- viewpoint from regress_rls_bob again SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did; NOTICE: f_leak => my first novel NOTICE: f_leak => my second novel NOTICE: f_leak => my science fiction NOTICE: f_leak => my first manga NOTICE: f_leak => my second manga did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle -----+-----+--------+-----------------+-------------------- 1 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first novel 2 | 11 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my second novel 3 | 22 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my science fiction 4 | 44 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first manga 5 | 44 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my second manga (5 rows) SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER by did; NOTICE: f_leak => my first novel NOTICE: f_leak => my second novel NOTICE: f_leak => my science fiction NOTICE: f_leak => my first manga NOTICE: f_leak => my second manga cid | did | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle | cname -----+-----+--------+-----------------+--------------------+----------------- 11 | 1 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first novel | novel 11 | 2 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my second novel | novel 22 | 3 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my science fiction | science fiction 44 | 4 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first manga | manga 44 | 5 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my second manga | manga (5 rows) -- viewpoint from rls_regres_carol again SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol; SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did; NOTICE: f_leak => great science fiction NOTICE: f_leak => great technology book NOTICE: f_leak => great manga did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle -----+-----+--------+-------------------+----------------------- 6 | 22 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction 7 | 33 | 2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book 8 | 44 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga (3 rows) SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER by did; NOTICE: f_leak => great science fiction NOTICE: f_leak => great technology book NOTICE: f_leak => great manga cid | did | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle | cname -----+-----+--------+-------------------+-----------------------+----------------- 22 | 6 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction | science fiction 33 | 7 | 2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book | technology 44 | 8 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga | manga (3 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle); QUERY PLAN --------------------------------------------------------- Seq Scan on document Filter: ((dauthor = CURRENT_USER) AND f_leak(dtitle)) (2 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle); QUERY PLAN --------------------------------------------------------------- Nested Loop -> Seq Scan on document Filter: ((dauthor = CURRENT_USER) AND f_leak(dtitle)) -> Index Scan using category_pkey on category Index Cond: (cid = document.cid) (5 rows) -- interaction of FK/PK constraints SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; CREATE POLICY p2 ON category USING (CASE WHEN current_user = 'regress_rls_bob' THEN cid IN (11, 33) WHEN current_user = 'regress_rls_carol' THEN cid IN (22, 44) ELSE false END); ALTER TABLE category ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; -- cannot delete PK referenced by invisible FK SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; SELECT * FROM document d FULL OUTER JOIN category c on d.cid = c.cid ORDER BY d.did, c.cid; did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle | cid | cname -----+-----+--------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+------------ 1 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first novel | 11 | novel 2 | 11 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my second novel | 11 | novel 3 | 22 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my science fiction | | 4 | 44 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first manga | | 5 | 44 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my second manga | | | | | | | 33 | technology (6 rows) DELETE FROM category WHERE cid = 33; -- fails with FK violation ERROR: update or delete on table "category" violates foreign key constraint "document_cid_fkey" on table "document" DETAIL: Key is still referenced from table "document". -- can insert FK referencing invisible PK SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol; SELECT * FROM document d FULL OUTER JOIN category c on d.cid = c.cid ORDER BY d.did, c.cid; did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle | cid | cname -----+-----+--------+-------------------+-----------------------+-----+----------------- 6 | 22 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction | 22 | science fiction 7 | 33 | 2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book | | 8 | 44 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga | 44 | manga (3 rows) INSERT INTO document VALUES (11, 33, 1, current_user, 'hoge'); -- UNIQUE or PRIMARY KEY constraint violation DOES reveal presence of row SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; INSERT INTO document VALUES (8, 44, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my third manga'); -- Must fail with unique violation, revealing presence of did we can't see ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "document_pkey" SELECT * FROM document WHERE did = 8; -- and confirm we can't see it did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle -----+-----+--------+---------+-------- (0 rows) -- RLS policies are checked before constraints INSERT INTO document VALUES (8, 44, 1, 'regress_rls_carol', 'my third manga'); -- Should fail with RLS check violation, not duplicate key violation ERROR: new row violates row-level security policy for table "document" UPDATE document SET did = 8, dauthor = 'regress_rls_carol' WHERE did = 5; -- Should fail with RLS check violation, not duplicate key violation ERROR: new row violates row-level security policy for table "document" -- database superuser does bypass RLS policy when enabled RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION; SET row_security TO ON; SELECT * FROM document; did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle -----+-----+--------+-------------------+------------------------- 1 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first novel 2 | 11 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my second novel 3 | 22 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my science fiction 4 | 44 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first manga 5 | 44 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my second manga 6 | 22 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction 7 | 33 | 2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book 8 | 44 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga 9 | 22 | 1 | regress_rls_dave | awesome science fiction 10 | 33 | 2 | regress_rls_dave | awesome technology book 11 | 33 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | hoge (11 rows) SELECT * FROM category; cid | cname -----+----------------- 11 | novel 22 | science fiction 33 | technology 44 | manga (4 rows) -- database superuser does bypass RLS policy when disabled RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION; SET row_security TO OFF; SELECT * FROM document; did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle -----+-----+--------+-------------------+------------------------- 1 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first novel 2 | 11 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my second novel 3 | 22 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my science fiction 4 | 44 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first manga 5 | 44 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my second manga 6 | 22 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction 7 | 33 | 2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book 8 | 44 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga 9 | 22 | 1 | regress_rls_dave | awesome science fiction 10 | 33 | 2 | regress_rls_dave | awesome technology book 11 | 33 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | hoge (11 rows) SELECT * FROM category; cid | cname -----+----------------- 11 | novel 22 | science fiction 33 | technology 44 | manga (4 rows) -- database non-superuser with bypass privilege can bypass RLS policy when disabled SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_exempt_user; SET row_security TO OFF; SELECT * FROM document; did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle -----+-----+--------+-------------------+------------------------- 1 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first novel 2 | 11 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my second novel 3 | 22 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my science fiction 4 | 44 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first manga 5 | 44 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my second manga 6 | 22 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction 7 | 33 | 2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book 8 | 44 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga 9 | 22 | 1 | regress_rls_dave | awesome science fiction 10 | 33 | 2 | regress_rls_dave | awesome technology book 11 | 33 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | hoge (11 rows) SELECT * FROM category; cid | cname -----+----------------- 11 | novel 22 | science fiction 33 | technology 44 | manga (4 rows) -- RLS policy does not apply to table owner when RLS enabled. SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; SET row_security TO ON; SELECT * FROM document; did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle -----+-----+--------+-------------------+------------------------- 1 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first novel 2 | 11 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my second novel 3 | 22 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my science fiction 4 | 44 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first manga 5 | 44 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my second manga 6 | 22 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction 7 | 33 | 2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book 8 | 44 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga 9 | 22 | 1 | regress_rls_dave | awesome science fiction 10 | 33 | 2 | regress_rls_dave | awesome technology book 11 | 33 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | hoge (11 rows) SELECT * FROM category; cid | cname -----+----------------- 11 | novel 22 | science fiction 33 | technology 44 | manga (4 rows) -- RLS policy does not apply to table owner when RLS disabled. SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; SET row_security TO OFF; SELECT * FROM document; did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle -----+-----+--------+-------------------+------------------------- 1 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first novel 2 | 11 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my second novel 3 | 22 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my science fiction 4 | 44 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first manga 5 | 44 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my second manga 6 | 22 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction 7 | 33 | 2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book 8 | 44 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga 9 | 22 | 1 | regress_rls_dave | awesome science fiction 10 | 33 | 2 | regress_rls_dave | awesome technology book 11 | 33 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | hoge (11 rows) SELECT * FROM category; cid | cname -----+----------------- 11 | novel 22 | science fiction 33 | technology 44 | manga (4 rows) -- -- Table inheritance and RLS policy -- SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; SET row_security TO ON; CREATE TABLE t1 (id int not null primary key, a int, junk1 text, b text); ALTER TABLE t1 DROP COLUMN junk1; -- just a disturbing factor GRANT ALL ON t1 TO public; COPY t1 FROM stdin WITH ; CREATE TABLE t2 (c float) INHERITS (t1); GRANT ALL ON t2 TO public; COPY t2 FROM stdin; CREATE TABLE t3 (id int not null primary key, c text, b text, a int); ALTER TABLE t3 INHERIT t1; GRANT ALL ON t3 TO public; COPY t3(id, a,b,c) FROM stdin; CREATE POLICY p1 ON t1 FOR ALL TO PUBLIC USING (a % 2 = 0); -- be even number CREATE POLICY p2 ON t2 FOR ALL TO PUBLIC USING (a % 2 = 1); -- be odd number ALTER TABLE t1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; ALTER TABLE t2 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; SELECT * FROM t1; id | a | b -----+---+----- 102 | 2 | bbb 104 | 4 | dad 202 | 2 | bcd 204 | 4 | def 302 | 2 | yyy (5 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------- Append -> Seq Scan on t1 t1_1 Filter: ((a % 2) = 0) -> Seq Scan on t2 t1_2 Filter: ((a % 2) = 0) -> Seq Scan on t3 t1_3 Filter: ((a % 2) = 0) (7 rows) SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b); NOTICE: f_leak => bbb NOTICE: f_leak => dad NOTICE: f_leak => bcd NOTICE: f_leak => def NOTICE: f_leak => yyy id | a | b -----+---+----- 102 | 2 | bbb 104 | 4 | dad 202 | 2 | bcd 204 | 4 | def 302 | 2 | yyy (5 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b); QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------- Append -> Seq Scan on t1 t1_1 Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) -> Seq Scan on t2 t1_2 Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) -> Seq Scan on t3 t1_3 Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) (7 rows) -- reference to system column SELECT tableoid::regclass, * FROM t1; tableoid | id | a | b ----------+-----+---+----- t1 | 102 | 2 | bbb t1 | 104 | 4 | dad t2 | 202 | 2 | bcd t2 | 204 | 4 | def t3 | 302 | 2 | yyy (5 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT *, t1 FROM t1; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------- Append -> Seq Scan on t1 t1_1 Filter: ((a % 2) = 0) -> Seq Scan on t2 t1_2 Filter: ((a % 2) = 0) -> Seq Scan on t3 t1_3 Filter: ((a % 2) = 0) (7 rows) -- reference to whole-row reference SELECT *, t1 FROM t1; id | a | b | t1 -----+---+-----+------------- 102 | 2 | bbb | (102,2,bbb) 104 | 4 | dad | (104,4,dad) 202 | 2 | bcd | (202,2,bcd) 204 | 4 | def | (204,4,def) 302 | 2 | yyy | (302,2,yyy) (5 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT *, t1 FROM t1; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------- Append -> Seq Scan on t1 t1_1 Filter: ((a % 2) = 0) -> Seq Scan on t2 t1_2 Filter: ((a % 2) = 0) -> Seq Scan on t3 t1_3 Filter: ((a % 2) = 0) (7 rows) -- for share/update lock SELECT * FROM t1 FOR SHARE; id | a | b -----+---+----- 102 | 2 | bbb 104 | 4 | dad 202 | 2 | bcd 204 | 4 | def 302 | 2 | yyy (5 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1 FOR SHARE; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------- LockRows -> Append -> Seq Scan on t1 t1_1 Filter: ((a % 2) = 0) -> Seq Scan on t2 t1_2 Filter: ((a % 2) = 0) -> Seq Scan on t3 t1_3 Filter: ((a % 2) = 0) (8 rows) SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b) FOR SHARE; NOTICE: f_leak => bbb NOTICE: f_leak => dad NOTICE: f_leak => bcd NOTICE: f_leak => def NOTICE: f_leak => yyy id | a | b -----+---+----- 102 | 2 | bbb 104 | 4 | dad 202 | 2 | bcd 204 | 4 | def 302 | 2 | yyy (5 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b) FOR SHARE; QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------------- LockRows -> Append -> Seq Scan on t1 t1_1 Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) -> Seq Scan on t2 t1_2 Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) -> Seq Scan on t3 t1_3 Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) (8 rows) -- union all query SELECT a, b, tableoid::regclass FROM t2 UNION ALL SELECT a, b, tableoid::regclass FROM t3; a | b | tableoid ---+-----+---------- 1 | abc | t2 3 | cde | t2 1 | xxx | t3 2 | yyy | t3 3 | zzz | t3 (5 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT a, b, tableoid::regclass FROM t2 UNION ALL SELECT a, b, tableoid::regclass FROM t3; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------- Append -> Seq Scan on t2 Filter: ((a % 2) = 1) -> Seq Scan on t3 (4 rows) -- superuser is allowed to bypass RLS checks RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION; SET row_security TO OFF; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b); NOTICE: f_leak => aba NOTICE: f_leak => bbb NOTICE: f_leak => ccc NOTICE: f_leak => dad NOTICE: f_leak => abc NOTICE: f_leak => bcd NOTICE: f_leak => cde NOTICE: f_leak => def NOTICE: f_leak => xxx NOTICE: f_leak => yyy NOTICE: f_leak => zzz id | a | b -----+---+----- 101 | 1 | aba 102 | 2 | bbb 103 | 3 | ccc 104 | 4 | dad 201 | 1 | abc 202 | 2 | bcd 203 | 3 | cde 204 | 4 | def 301 | 1 | xxx 302 | 2 | yyy 303 | 3 | zzz (11 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b); QUERY PLAN --------------------------- Append -> Seq Scan on t1 t1_1 Filter: f_leak(b) -> Seq Scan on t2 t1_2 Filter: f_leak(b) -> Seq Scan on t3 t1_3 Filter: f_leak(b) (7 rows) -- non-superuser with bypass privilege can bypass RLS policy when disabled SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_exempt_user; SET row_security TO OFF; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b); NOTICE: f_leak => aba NOTICE: f_leak => bbb NOTICE: f_leak => ccc NOTICE: f_leak => dad NOTICE: f_leak => abc NOTICE: f_leak => bcd NOTICE: f_leak => cde NOTICE: f_leak => def NOTICE: f_leak => xxx NOTICE: f_leak => yyy NOTICE: f_leak => zzz id | a | b -----+---+----- 101 | 1 | aba 102 | 2 | bbb 103 | 3 | ccc 104 | 4 | dad 201 | 1 | abc 202 | 2 | bcd 203 | 3 | cde 204 | 4 | def 301 | 1 | xxx 302 | 2 | yyy 303 | 3 | zzz (11 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b); QUERY PLAN --------------------------- Append -> Seq Scan on t1 t1_1 Filter: f_leak(b) -> Seq Scan on t2 t1_2 Filter: f_leak(b) -> Seq Scan on t3 t1_3 Filter: f_leak(b) (7 rows) -- -- Partitioned Tables -- SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; CREATE TABLE part_document ( did int, cid int, dlevel int not null, dauthor name, dtitle text ) PARTITION BY RANGE (cid); GRANT ALL ON part_document TO public; -- Create partitions for document categories CREATE TABLE part_document_fiction PARTITION OF part_document FOR VALUES FROM (11) to (12); CREATE TABLE part_document_satire PARTITION OF part_document FOR VALUES FROM (55) to (56); CREATE TABLE part_document_nonfiction PARTITION OF part_document FOR VALUES FROM (99) to (100); GRANT ALL ON part_document_fiction TO public; GRANT ALL ON part_document_satire TO public; GRANT ALL ON part_document_nonfiction TO public; INSERT INTO part_document VALUES ( 1, 11, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my first novel'), ( 2, 11, 2, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my second novel'), ( 3, 99, 2, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my science textbook'), ( 4, 55, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my first satire'), ( 5, 99, 2, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my history book'), ( 6, 11, 1, 'regress_rls_carol', 'great science fiction'), ( 7, 99, 2, 'regress_rls_carol', 'great technology book'), ( 8, 55, 2, 'regress_rls_carol', 'great satire'), ( 9, 11, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'awesome science fiction'), (10, 99, 2, 'regress_rls_dave', 'awesome technology book'); ALTER TABLE part_document ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; -- Create policy on parent -- user's security level must be higher than or equal to document's CREATE POLICY pp1 ON part_document AS PERMISSIVE USING (dlevel <= (SELECT seclv FROM uaccount WHERE pguser = current_user)); -- Dave is only allowed to see cid < 55 CREATE POLICY pp1r ON part_document AS RESTRICTIVE TO regress_rls_dave USING (cid < 55); \d+ part_document Partitioned table "regress_rls_schema.part_document" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description ---------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+------------- did | integer | | | | plain | | cid | integer | | | | plain | | dlevel | integer | | not null | | plain | | dauthor | name | | | | plain | | dtitle | text | | | | extended | | Partition key: RANGE (cid) Policies: POLICY "pp1" USING ((dlevel <= ( SELECT uaccount.seclv FROM uaccount WHERE (uaccount.pguser = CURRENT_USER)))) POLICY "pp1r" AS RESTRICTIVE TO regress_rls_dave USING ((cid < 55)) Partitions: part_document_fiction FOR VALUES FROM (11) TO (12), part_document_nonfiction FOR VALUES FROM (99) TO (100), part_document_satire FOR VALUES FROM (55) TO (56) SELECT * FROM pg_policies WHERE schemaname = 'regress_rls_schema' AND tablename like '%part_document%' ORDER BY policyname; schemaname | tablename | policyname | permissive | roles | cmd | qual | with_check --------------------+---------------+------------+-------------+--------------------+-----+--------------------------------------------+------------ regress_rls_schema | part_document | pp1 | PERMISSIVE | {public} | ALL | (dlevel <= ( SELECT uaccount.seclv +| | | | | | | FROM uaccount +| | | | | | | WHERE (uaccount.pguser = CURRENT_USER))) | regress_rls_schema | part_document | pp1r | RESTRICTIVE | {regress_rls_dave} | ALL | (cid < 55) | (2 rows) -- viewpoint from regress_rls_bob SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; SET row_security TO ON; SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did; NOTICE: f_leak => my first novel NOTICE: f_leak => great science fiction NOTICE: f_leak => awesome science fiction NOTICE: f_leak => my first satire did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle -----+-----+--------+-------------------+------------------------- 1 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first novel 4 | 55 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first satire 6 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction 9 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_dave | awesome science fiction (4 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle); QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------ Append InitPlan 1 (returns $0) -> Index Scan using uaccount_pkey on uaccount Index Cond: (pguser = CURRENT_USER) -> Seq Scan on part_document_fiction part_document_1 Filter: ((dlevel <= $0) AND f_leak(dtitle)) -> Seq Scan on part_document_satire part_document_2 Filter: ((dlevel <= $0) AND f_leak(dtitle)) -> Seq Scan on part_document_nonfiction part_document_3 Filter: ((dlevel <= $0) AND f_leak(dtitle)) (10 rows) -- viewpoint from regress_rls_carol SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol; SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did; NOTICE: f_leak => my first novel NOTICE: f_leak => my second novel NOTICE: f_leak => great science fiction NOTICE: f_leak => awesome science fiction NOTICE: f_leak => my first satire NOTICE: f_leak => great satire NOTICE: f_leak => my science textbook NOTICE: f_leak => my history book NOTICE: f_leak => great technology book NOTICE: f_leak => awesome technology book did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle -----+-----+--------+-------------------+------------------------- 1 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first novel 2 | 11 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my second novel 3 | 99 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my science textbook 4 | 55 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first satire 5 | 99 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my history book 6 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction 7 | 99 | 2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book 8 | 55 | 2 | regress_rls_carol | great satire 9 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_dave | awesome science fiction 10 | 99 | 2 | regress_rls_dave | awesome technology book (10 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle); QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------ Append InitPlan 1 (returns $0) -> Index Scan using uaccount_pkey on uaccount Index Cond: (pguser = CURRENT_USER) -> Seq Scan on part_document_fiction part_document_1 Filter: ((dlevel <= $0) AND f_leak(dtitle)) -> Seq Scan on part_document_satire part_document_2 Filter: ((dlevel <= $0) AND f_leak(dtitle)) -> Seq Scan on part_document_nonfiction part_document_3 Filter: ((dlevel <= $0) AND f_leak(dtitle)) (10 rows) -- viewpoint from regress_rls_dave SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_dave; SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did; NOTICE: f_leak => my first novel NOTICE: f_leak => my second novel NOTICE: f_leak => great science fiction NOTICE: f_leak => awesome science fiction did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle -----+-----+--------+-------------------+------------------------- 1 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first novel 2 | 11 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my second novel 6 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction 9 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_dave | awesome science fiction (4 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle); QUERY PLAN -------------------------------------------------------------- Seq Scan on part_document_fiction part_document Filter: ((cid < 55) AND (dlevel <= $0) AND f_leak(dtitle)) InitPlan 1 (returns $0) -> Index Scan using uaccount_pkey on uaccount Index Cond: (pguser = CURRENT_USER) (5 rows) -- pp1 ERROR INSERT INTO part_document VALUES (100, 11, 5, 'regress_rls_dave', 'testing pp1'); -- fail ERROR: new row violates row-level security policy for table "part_document" -- pp1r ERROR INSERT INTO part_document VALUES (100, 99, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'testing pp1r'); -- fail ERROR: new row violates row-level security policy "pp1r" for table "part_document" -- Show that RLS policy does not apply for direct inserts to children -- This should fail with RLS POLICY pp1r violation. INSERT INTO part_document VALUES (100, 55, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'testing RLS with partitions'); -- fail ERROR: new row violates row-level security policy "pp1r" for table "part_document" -- But this should succeed. INSERT INTO part_document_satire VALUES (100, 55, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'testing RLS with partitions'); -- success -- We still cannot see the row using the parent SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did; NOTICE: f_leak => my first novel NOTICE: f_leak => my second novel NOTICE: f_leak => great science fiction NOTICE: f_leak => awesome science fiction did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle -----+-----+--------+-------------------+------------------------- 1 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first novel 2 | 11 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my second novel 6 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction 9 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_dave | awesome science fiction (4 rows) -- But we can if we look directly SELECT * FROM part_document_satire WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did; NOTICE: f_leak => my first satire NOTICE: f_leak => great satire NOTICE: f_leak => testing RLS with partitions did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle -----+-----+--------+-------------------+----------------------------- 4 | 55 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first satire 8 | 55 | 2 | regress_rls_carol | great satire 100 | 55 | 1 | regress_rls_dave | testing RLS with partitions (3 rows) -- Turn on RLS and create policy on child to show RLS is checked before constraints SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; ALTER TABLE part_document_satire ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; CREATE POLICY pp3 ON part_document_satire AS RESTRICTIVE USING (cid < 55); -- This should fail with RLS violation now. SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_dave; INSERT INTO part_document_satire VALUES (101, 55, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'testing RLS with partitions'); -- fail ERROR: new row violates row-level security policy for table "part_document_satire" -- And now we cannot see directly into the partition either, due to RLS SELECT * FROM part_document_satire WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did; did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle -----+-----+--------+---------+-------- (0 rows) -- The parent looks same as before -- viewpoint from regress_rls_dave SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did; NOTICE: f_leak => my first novel NOTICE: f_leak => my second novel NOTICE: f_leak => great science fiction NOTICE: f_leak => awesome science fiction did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle -----+-----+--------+-------------------+------------------------- 1 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first novel 2 | 11 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my second novel 6 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction 9 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_dave | awesome science fiction (4 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle); QUERY PLAN -------------------------------------------------------------- Seq Scan on part_document_fiction part_document Filter: ((cid < 55) AND (dlevel <= $0) AND f_leak(dtitle)) InitPlan 1 (returns $0) -> Index Scan using uaccount_pkey on uaccount Index Cond: (pguser = CURRENT_USER) (5 rows) -- viewpoint from regress_rls_carol SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol; SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did; NOTICE: f_leak => my first novel NOTICE: f_leak => my second novel NOTICE: f_leak => great science fiction NOTICE: f_leak => awesome science fiction NOTICE: f_leak => my first satire NOTICE: f_leak => great satire NOTICE: f_leak => testing RLS with partitions NOTICE: f_leak => my science textbook NOTICE: f_leak => my history book NOTICE: f_leak => great technology book NOTICE: f_leak => awesome technology book did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle -----+-----+--------+-------------------+----------------------------- 1 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first novel 2 | 11 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my second novel 3 | 99 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my science textbook 4 | 55 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first satire 5 | 99 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my history book 6 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction 7 | 99 | 2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book 8 | 55 | 2 | regress_rls_carol | great satire 9 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_dave | awesome science fiction 10 | 99 | 2 | regress_rls_dave | awesome technology book 100 | 55 | 1 | regress_rls_dave | testing RLS with partitions (11 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle); QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------ Append InitPlan 1 (returns $0) -> Index Scan using uaccount_pkey on uaccount Index Cond: (pguser = CURRENT_USER) -> Seq Scan on part_document_fiction part_document_1 Filter: ((dlevel <= $0) AND f_leak(dtitle)) -> Seq Scan on part_document_satire part_document_2 Filter: ((dlevel <= $0) AND f_leak(dtitle)) -> Seq Scan on part_document_nonfiction part_document_3 Filter: ((dlevel <= $0) AND f_leak(dtitle)) (10 rows) -- only owner can change policies ALTER POLICY pp1 ON part_document USING (true); --fail ERROR: must be owner of table part_document DROP POLICY pp1 ON part_document; --fail ERROR: must be owner of relation part_document SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; ALTER POLICY pp1 ON part_document USING (dauthor = current_user); -- viewpoint from regress_rls_bob again SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did; NOTICE: f_leak => my first novel NOTICE: f_leak => my second novel NOTICE: f_leak => my first satire NOTICE: f_leak => my science textbook NOTICE: f_leak => my history book did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle -----+-----+--------+-----------------+--------------------- 1 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first novel 2 | 11 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my second novel 3 | 99 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my science textbook 4 | 55 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first satire 5 | 99 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my history book (5 rows) -- viewpoint from rls_regres_carol again SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol; SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did; NOTICE: f_leak => great science fiction NOTICE: f_leak => great satire NOTICE: f_leak => great technology book did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle -----+-----+--------+-------------------+----------------------- 6 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction 7 | 99 | 2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book 8 | 55 | 2 | regress_rls_carol | great satire (3 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle); QUERY PLAN --------------------------------------------------------------- Append -> Seq Scan on part_document_fiction part_document_1 Filter: ((dauthor = CURRENT_USER) AND f_leak(dtitle)) -> Seq Scan on part_document_satire part_document_2 Filter: ((dauthor = CURRENT_USER) AND f_leak(dtitle)) -> Seq Scan on part_document_nonfiction part_document_3 Filter: ((dauthor = CURRENT_USER) AND f_leak(dtitle)) (7 rows) -- database superuser does bypass RLS policy when enabled RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION; SET row_security TO ON; SELECT * FROM part_document ORDER BY did; did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle -----+-----+--------+-------------------+----------------------------- 1 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first novel 2 | 11 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my second novel 3 | 99 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my science textbook 4 | 55 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first satire 5 | 99 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my history book 6 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction 7 | 99 | 2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book 8 | 55 | 2 | regress_rls_carol | great satire 9 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_dave | awesome science fiction 10 | 99 | 2 | regress_rls_dave | awesome technology book 100 | 55 | 1 | regress_rls_dave | testing RLS with partitions (11 rows) SELECT * FROM part_document_satire ORDER by did; did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle -----+-----+--------+-------------------+----------------------------- 4 | 55 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first satire 8 | 55 | 2 | regress_rls_carol | great satire 100 | 55 | 1 | regress_rls_dave | testing RLS with partitions (3 rows) -- database non-superuser with bypass privilege can bypass RLS policy when disabled SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_exempt_user; SET row_security TO OFF; SELECT * FROM part_document ORDER BY did; did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle -----+-----+--------+-------------------+----------------------------- 1 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first novel 2 | 11 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my second novel 3 | 99 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my science textbook 4 | 55 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first satire 5 | 99 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my history book 6 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction 7 | 99 | 2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book 8 | 55 | 2 | regress_rls_carol | great satire 9 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_dave | awesome science fiction 10 | 99 | 2 | regress_rls_dave | awesome technology book 100 | 55 | 1 | regress_rls_dave | testing RLS with partitions (11 rows) SELECT * FROM part_document_satire ORDER by did; did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle -----+-----+--------+-------------------+----------------------------- 4 | 55 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first satire 8 | 55 | 2 | regress_rls_carol | great satire 100 | 55 | 1 | regress_rls_dave | testing RLS with partitions (3 rows) -- RLS policy does not apply to table owner when RLS enabled. SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; SET row_security TO ON; SELECT * FROM part_document ORDER by did; did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle -----+-----+--------+-------------------+----------------------------- 1 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first novel 2 | 11 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my second novel 3 | 99 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my science textbook 4 | 55 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first satire 5 | 99 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my history book 6 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction 7 | 99 | 2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book 8 | 55 | 2 | regress_rls_carol | great satire 9 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_dave | awesome science fiction 10 | 99 | 2 | regress_rls_dave | awesome technology book 100 | 55 | 1 | regress_rls_dave | testing RLS with partitions (11 rows) SELECT * FROM part_document_satire ORDER by did; did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle -----+-----+--------+-------------------+----------------------------- 4 | 55 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first satire 8 | 55 | 2 | regress_rls_carol | great satire 100 | 55 | 1 | regress_rls_dave | testing RLS with partitions (3 rows) -- When RLS disabled, other users get ERROR. SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_dave; SET row_security TO OFF; SELECT * FROM part_document ORDER by did; ERROR: query would be affected by row-level security policy for table "part_document" SELECT * FROM part_document_satire ORDER by did; ERROR: query would be affected by row-level security policy for table "part_document_satire" -- Check behavior with a policy that uses a SubPlan not an InitPlan. SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; SET row_security TO ON; CREATE POLICY pp3 ON part_document AS RESTRICTIVE USING ((SELECT dlevel <= seclv FROM uaccount WHERE pguser = current_user)); SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol; INSERT INTO part_document VALUES (100, 11, 5, 'regress_rls_carol', 'testing pp3'); -- fail ERROR: new row violates row-level security policy "pp3" for table "part_document" ----- Dependencies ----- SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; SET row_security TO ON; CREATE TABLE dependee (x integer, y integer); CREATE TABLE dependent (x integer, y integer); CREATE POLICY d1 ON dependent FOR ALL TO PUBLIC USING (x = (SELECT d.x FROM dependee d WHERE d.y = y)); DROP TABLE dependee; -- Should fail without CASCADE due to dependency on row security qual? ERROR: cannot drop table dependee because other objects depend on it DETAIL: policy d1 on table dependent depends on table dependee HINT: Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too. DROP TABLE dependee CASCADE; NOTICE: drop cascades to policy d1 on table dependent EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM dependent; -- After drop, should be unqualified QUERY PLAN ----------------------- Seq Scan on dependent (1 row) ----- RECURSION ---- -- -- Simple recursion -- SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; CREATE TABLE rec1 (x integer, y integer); CREATE POLICY r1 ON rec1 USING (x = (SELECT r.x FROM rec1 r WHERE y = r.y)); ALTER TABLE rec1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; SELECT * FROM rec1; -- fail, direct recursion ERROR: infinite recursion detected in policy for relation "rec1" -- -- Mutual recursion -- SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; CREATE TABLE rec2 (a integer, b integer); ALTER POLICY r1 ON rec1 USING (x = (SELECT a FROM rec2 WHERE b = y)); CREATE POLICY r2 ON rec2 USING (a = (SELECT x FROM rec1 WHERE y = b)); ALTER TABLE rec2 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; SELECT * FROM rec1; -- fail, mutual recursion ERROR: infinite recursion detected in policy for relation "rec1" -- -- Mutual recursion via views -- SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; CREATE VIEW rec1v AS SELECT * FROM rec1; CREATE VIEW rec2v AS SELECT * FROM rec2; SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; ALTER POLICY r1 ON rec1 USING (x = (SELECT a FROM rec2v WHERE b = y)); ALTER POLICY r2 ON rec2 USING (a = (SELECT x FROM rec1v WHERE y = b)); SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; SELECT * FROM rec1; -- fail, mutual recursion via views ERROR: infinite recursion detected in policy for relation "rec1" -- -- Mutual recursion via .s.b views -- SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; DROP VIEW rec1v, rec2v CASCADE; NOTICE: drop cascades to 2 other objects DETAIL: drop cascades to policy r1 on table rec1 drop cascades to policy r2 on table rec2 CREATE VIEW rec1v WITH (security_barrier) AS SELECT * FROM rec1; CREATE VIEW rec2v WITH (security_barrier) AS SELECT * FROM rec2; SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; CREATE POLICY r1 ON rec1 USING (x = (SELECT a FROM rec2v WHERE b = y)); CREATE POLICY r2 ON rec2 USING (a = (SELECT x FROM rec1v WHERE y = b)); SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; SELECT * FROM rec1; -- fail, mutual recursion via s.b. views ERROR: infinite recursion detected in policy for relation "rec1" -- -- recursive RLS and VIEWs in policy -- SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; CREATE TABLE s1 (a int, b text); INSERT INTO s1 (SELECT x, md5(x::text) FROM generate_series(-10,10) x); CREATE TABLE s2 (x int, y text); INSERT INTO s2 (SELECT x, md5(x::text) FROM generate_series(-6,6) x); GRANT SELECT ON s1, s2 TO regress_rls_bob; CREATE POLICY p1 ON s1 USING (a in (select x from s2 where y like '%2f%')); CREATE POLICY p2 ON s2 USING (x in (select a from s1 where b like '%22%')); CREATE POLICY p3 ON s1 FOR INSERT WITH CHECK (a = (SELECT a FROM s1)); ALTER TABLE s1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; ALTER TABLE s2 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; CREATE VIEW v2 AS SELECT * FROM s2 WHERE y like '%af%'; SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE f_leak(b); -- fail (infinite recursion) ERROR: infinite recursion detected in policy for relation "s1" INSERT INTO s1 VALUES (1, 'foo'); -- fail (infinite recursion) ERROR: infinite recursion detected in policy for relation "s1" SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; DROP POLICY p3 on s1; ALTER POLICY p2 ON s2 USING (x % 2 = 0); SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE f_leak(b); -- OK NOTICE: f_leak => c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c NOTICE: f_leak => a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c a | b ---+---------------------------------- 2 | c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c 4 | a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c (2 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM only s1 WHERE f_leak(b); QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------------------- Seq Scan on s1 Filter: ((hashed SubPlan 1) AND f_leak(b)) SubPlan 1 -> Seq Scan on s2 Filter: (((x % 2) = 0) AND (y ~~ '%2f%'::text)) (5 rows) SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; ALTER POLICY p1 ON s1 USING (a in (select x from v2)); -- using VIEW in RLS policy SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE f_leak(b); -- OK NOTICE: f_leak => 0267aaf632e87a63288a08331f22c7c3 NOTICE: f_leak => 1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc a | b ----+---------------------------------- -4 | 0267aaf632e87a63288a08331f22c7c3 6 | 1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc (2 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE f_leak(b); QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------------------- Seq Scan on s1 Filter: ((hashed SubPlan 1) AND f_leak(b)) SubPlan 1 -> Seq Scan on s2 Filter: (((x % 2) = 0) AND (y ~~ '%af%'::text)) (5 rows) SELECT (SELECT x FROM s1 LIMIT 1) xx, * FROM s2 WHERE y like '%28%'; xx | x | y ----+----+---------------------------------- -6 | -6 | 596a3d04481816330f07e4f97510c28f -4 | -4 | 0267aaf632e87a63288a08331f22c7c3 2 | 2 | c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c (3 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT (SELECT x FROM s1 LIMIT 1) xx, * FROM s2 WHERE y like '%28%'; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Seq Scan on s2 Filter: (((x % 2) = 0) AND (y ~~ '%28%'::text)) SubPlan 2 -> Limit -> Seq Scan on s1 Filter: (hashed SubPlan 1) SubPlan 1 -> Seq Scan on s2 s2_1 Filter: (((x % 2) = 0) AND (y ~~ '%af%'::text)) (9 rows) SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; ALTER POLICY p2 ON s2 USING (x in (select a from s1 where b like '%d2%')); SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE f_leak(b); -- fail (infinite recursion via view) ERROR: infinite recursion detected in policy for relation "s1" -- prepared statement with regress_rls_alice privilege PREPARE p1(int) AS SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a <= $1; EXECUTE p1(2); id | a | b -----+---+----- 102 | 2 | bbb 202 | 2 | bcd 302 | 2 | yyy (3 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE p1(2); QUERY PLAN ---------------------------------------------- Append -> Seq Scan on t1 t1_1 Filter: ((a <= 2) AND ((a % 2) = 0)) -> Seq Scan on t2 t1_2 Filter: ((a <= 2) AND ((a % 2) = 0)) -> Seq Scan on t3 t1_3 Filter: ((a <= 2) AND ((a % 2) = 0)) (7 rows) -- superuser is allowed to bypass RLS checks RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION; SET row_security TO OFF; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b); NOTICE: f_leak => aba NOTICE: f_leak => bbb NOTICE: f_leak => ccc NOTICE: f_leak => dad NOTICE: f_leak => abc NOTICE: f_leak => bcd NOTICE: f_leak => cde NOTICE: f_leak => def NOTICE: f_leak => xxx NOTICE: f_leak => yyy NOTICE: f_leak => zzz id | a | b -----+---+----- 101 | 1 | aba 102 | 2 | bbb 103 | 3 | ccc 104 | 4 | dad 201 | 1 | abc 202 | 2 | bcd 203 | 3 | cde 204 | 4 | def 301 | 1 | xxx 302 | 2 | yyy 303 | 3 | zzz (11 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b); QUERY PLAN --------------------------- Append -> Seq Scan on t1 t1_1 Filter: f_leak(b) -> Seq Scan on t2 t1_2 Filter: f_leak(b) -> Seq Scan on t3 t1_3 Filter: f_leak(b) (7 rows) -- plan cache should be invalidated EXECUTE p1(2); id | a | b -----+---+----- 101 | 1 | aba 102 | 2 | bbb 201 | 1 | abc 202 | 2 | bcd 301 | 1 | xxx 302 | 2 | yyy (6 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE p1(2); QUERY PLAN --------------------------- Append -> Seq Scan on t1 t1_1 Filter: (a <= 2) -> Seq Scan on t2 t1_2 Filter: (a <= 2) -> Seq Scan on t3 t1_3 Filter: (a <= 2) (7 rows) PREPARE p2(int) AS SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a = $1; EXECUTE p2(2); id | a | b -----+---+----- 102 | 2 | bbb 202 | 2 | bcd 302 | 2 | yyy (3 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE p2(2); QUERY PLAN --------------------------- Append -> Seq Scan on t1 t1_1 Filter: (a = 2) -> Seq Scan on t2 t1_2 Filter: (a = 2) -> Seq Scan on t3 t1_3 Filter: (a = 2) (7 rows) -- also, case when privilege switch from superuser SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; SET row_security TO ON; EXECUTE p2(2); id | a | b -----+---+----- 102 | 2 | bbb 202 | 2 | bcd 302 | 2 | yyy (3 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE p2(2); QUERY PLAN --------------------------------------------- Append -> Seq Scan on t1 t1_1 Filter: ((a = 2) AND ((a % 2) = 0)) -> Seq Scan on t2 t1_2 Filter: ((a = 2) AND ((a % 2) = 0)) -> Seq Scan on t3 t1_3 Filter: ((a = 2) AND ((a % 2) = 0)) (7 rows) -- -- UPDATE / DELETE and Row-level security -- SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE t1 SET b = b || b WHERE f_leak(b); QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------- Update on t1 Update on t1 Update on t2 t1_1 Update on t3 t1_2 -> Seq Scan on t1 Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) -> Seq Scan on t2 t1_1 Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) -> Seq Scan on t3 t1_2 Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) (10 rows) UPDATE t1 SET b = b || b WHERE f_leak(b); NOTICE: f_leak => bbb NOTICE: f_leak => dad NOTICE: f_leak => bcd NOTICE: f_leak => def NOTICE: f_leak => yyy EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE only t1 SET b = b || '_updt' WHERE f_leak(b); QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------- Update on t1 -> Seq Scan on t1 Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) (3 rows) UPDATE only t1 SET b = b || '_updt' WHERE f_leak(b); NOTICE: f_leak => bbbbbb NOTICE: f_leak => daddad -- returning clause with system column UPDATE only t1 SET b = b WHERE f_leak(b) RETURNING tableoid::regclass, *, t1; NOTICE: f_leak => bbbbbb_updt NOTICE: f_leak => daddad_updt tableoid | id | a | b | t1 ----------+-----+---+-------------+--------------------- t1 | 102 | 2 | bbbbbb_updt | (102,2,bbbbbb_updt) t1 | 104 | 4 | daddad_updt | (104,4,daddad_updt) (2 rows) UPDATE t1 SET b = b WHERE f_leak(b) RETURNING *; NOTICE: f_leak => bbbbbb_updt NOTICE: f_leak => daddad_updt NOTICE: f_leak => bcdbcd NOTICE: f_leak => defdef NOTICE: f_leak => yyyyyy id | a | b -----+---+------------- 102 | 2 | bbbbbb_updt 104 | 4 | daddad_updt 202 | 2 | bcdbcd 204 | 4 | defdef 302 | 2 | yyyyyy (5 rows) UPDATE t1 SET b = b WHERE f_leak(b) RETURNING tableoid::regclass, *, t1; NOTICE: f_leak => bbbbbb_updt NOTICE: f_leak => daddad_updt NOTICE: f_leak => bcdbcd NOTICE: f_leak => defdef NOTICE: f_leak => yyyyyy tableoid | id | a | b | t1 ----------+-----+---+-------------+--------------------- t1 | 102 | 2 | bbbbbb_updt | (102,2,bbbbbb_updt) t1 | 104 | 4 | daddad_updt | (104,4,daddad_updt) t2 | 202 | 2 | bcdbcd | (202,2,bcdbcd) t2 | 204 | 4 | defdef | (204,4,defdef) t3 | 302 | 2 | yyyyyy | (302,2,yyyyyy) (5 rows) -- updates with from clause EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE t2 SET b=t2.b FROM t3 WHERE t2.a = 3 and t3.a = 2 AND f_leak(t2.b) AND f_leak(t3.b); QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------------------------- Update on t2 -> Nested Loop -> Seq Scan on t2 Filter: ((a = 3) AND ((a % 2) = 1) AND f_leak(b)) -> Seq Scan on t3 Filter: ((a = 2) AND f_leak(b)) (6 rows) UPDATE t2 SET b=t2.b FROM t3 WHERE t2.a = 3 and t3.a = 2 AND f_leak(t2.b) AND f_leak(t3.b); NOTICE: f_leak => cde NOTICE: f_leak => yyyyyy EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE t1 SET b=t1.b FROM t2 WHERE t1.a = 3 and t2.a = 3 AND f_leak(t1.b) AND f_leak(t2.b); QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------------------------- Update on t1 Update on t1 Update on t2 t1_1 Update on t3 t1_2 -> Nested Loop -> Seq Scan on t1 Filter: ((a = 3) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) -> Seq Scan on t2 Filter: ((a = 3) AND ((a % 2) = 1) AND f_leak(b)) -> Nested Loop -> Seq Scan on t2 t1_1 Filter: ((a = 3) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) -> Seq Scan on t2 Filter: ((a = 3) AND ((a % 2) = 1) AND f_leak(b)) -> Nested Loop -> Seq Scan on t3 t1_2 Filter: ((a = 3) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) -> Seq Scan on t2 Filter: ((a = 3) AND ((a % 2) = 1) AND f_leak(b)) (19 rows) UPDATE t1 SET b=t1.b FROM t2 WHERE t1.a = 3 and t2.a = 3 AND f_leak(t1.b) AND f_leak(t2.b); EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE t2 SET b=t2.b FROM t1 WHERE t1.a = 3 and t2.a = 3 AND f_leak(t1.b) AND f_leak(t2.b); QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Update on t2 -> Nested Loop -> Seq Scan on t2 Filter: ((a = 3) AND ((a % 2) = 1) AND f_leak(b)) -> Append -> Seq Scan on t1 t1_1 Filter: ((a = 3) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) -> Seq Scan on t2 t1_2 Filter: ((a = 3) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) -> Seq Scan on t3 t1_3 Filter: ((a = 3) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) (11 rows) UPDATE t2 SET b=t2.b FROM t1 WHERE t1.a = 3 and t2.a = 3 AND f_leak(t1.b) AND f_leak(t2.b); NOTICE: f_leak => cde -- updates with from clause self join EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE t2 t2_1 SET b = t2_2.b FROM t2 t2_2 WHERE t2_1.a = 3 AND t2_2.a = t2_1.a AND t2_2.b = t2_1.b AND f_leak(t2_1.b) AND f_leak(t2_2.b) RETURNING *, t2_1, t2_2; QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------------------------- Update on t2 t2_1 -> Nested Loop Join Filter: (t2_1.b = t2_2.b) -> Seq Scan on t2 t2_1 Filter: ((a = 3) AND ((a % 2) = 1) AND f_leak(b)) -> Seq Scan on t2 t2_2 Filter: ((a = 3) AND ((a % 2) = 1) AND f_leak(b)) (7 rows) UPDATE t2 t2_1 SET b = t2_2.b FROM t2 t2_2 WHERE t2_1.a = 3 AND t2_2.a = t2_1.a AND t2_2.b = t2_1.b AND f_leak(t2_1.b) AND f_leak(t2_2.b) RETURNING *, t2_1, t2_2; NOTICE: f_leak => cde NOTICE: f_leak => cde id | a | b | c | id | a | b | c | t2_1 | t2_2 -----+---+-----+-----+-----+---+-----+-----+-----------------+----------------- 203 | 3 | cde | 3.3 | 203 | 3 | cde | 3.3 | (203,3,cde,3.3) | (203,3,cde,3.3) (1 row) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE t1 t1_1 SET b = t1_2.b FROM t1 t1_2 WHERE t1_1.a = 4 AND t1_2.a = t1_1.a AND t1_2.b = t1_1.b AND f_leak(t1_1.b) AND f_leak(t1_2.b) RETURNING *, t1_1, t1_2; QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Update on t1 t1_1 Update on t1 t1_1 Update on t2 t1_1_1 Update on t3 t1_1_2 -> Nested Loop Join Filter: (t1_1.b = t1_2.b) -> Seq Scan on t1 t1_1 Filter: ((a = 4) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) -> Append -> Seq Scan on t1 t1_2_1 Filter: ((a = 4) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) -> Seq Scan on t2 t1_2_2 Filter: ((a = 4) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) -> Seq Scan on t3 t1_2_3 Filter: ((a = 4) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) -> Nested Loop Join Filter: (t1_1_1.b = t1_2.b) -> Seq Scan on t2 t1_1_1 Filter: ((a = 4) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) -> Append -> Seq Scan on t1 t1_2_1 Filter: ((a = 4) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) -> Seq Scan on t2 t1_2_2 Filter: ((a = 4) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) -> Seq Scan on t3 t1_2_3 Filter: ((a = 4) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) -> Nested Loop Join Filter: (t1_1_2.b = t1_2.b) -> Seq Scan on t3 t1_1_2 Filter: ((a = 4) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) -> Append -> Seq Scan on t1 t1_2_1 Filter: ((a = 4) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) -> Seq Scan on t2 t1_2_2 Filter: ((a = 4) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) -> Seq Scan on t3 t1_2_3 Filter: ((a = 4) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) (37 rows) UPDATE t1 t1_1 SET b = t1_2.b FROM t1 t1_2 WHERE t1_1.a = 4 AND t1_2.a = t1_1.a AND t1_2.b = t1_1.b AND f_leak(t1_1.b) AND f_leak(t1_2.b) RETURNING *, t1_1, t1_2; NOTICE: f_leak => daddad_updt NOTICE: f_leak => daddad_updt NOTICE: f_leak => defdef NOTICE: f_leak => defdef NOTICE: f_leak => daddad_updt NOTICE: f_leak => defdef id | a | b | id | a | b | t1_1 | t1_2 -----+---+-------------+-----+---+-------------+---------------------+--------------------- 104 | 4 | daddad_updt | 104 | 4 | daddad_updt | (104,4,daddad_updt) | (104,4,daddad_updt) 204 | 4 | defdef | 204 | 4 | defdef | (204,4,defdef) | (204,4,defdef) (2 rows) RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION; SET row_security TO OFF; SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY a,b; id | a | b -----+---+------------- 101 | 1 | aba 201 | 1 | abc 301 | 1 | xxx 102 | 2 | bbbbbb_updt 202 | 2 | bcdbcd 302 | 2 | yyyyyy 103 | 3 | ccc 203 | 3 | cde 303 | 3 | zzz 104 | 4 | daddad_updt 204 | 4 | defdef (11 rows) SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; SET row_security TO ON; EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) DELETE FROM only t1 WHERE f_leak(b); QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------- Delete on t1 -> Seq Scan on t1 Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) (3 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) DELETE FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b); QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------- Delete on t1 Delete on t1 Delete on t2 t1_1 Delete on t3 t1_2 -> Seq Scan on t1 Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) -> Seq Scan on t2 t1_1 Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) -> Seq Scan on t3 t1_2 Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) (10 rows) DELETE FROM only t1 WHERE f_leak(b) RETURNING tableoid::regclass, *, t1; NOTICE: f_leak => bbbbbb_updt NOTICE: f_leak => daddad_updt tableoid | id | a | b | t1 ----------+-----+---+-------------+--------------------- t1 | 102 | 2 | bbbbbb_updt | (102,2,bbbbbb_updt) t1 | 104 | 4 | daddad_updt | (104,4,daddad_updt) (2 rows) DELETE FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b) RETURNING tableoid::regclass, *, t1; NOTICE: f_leak => bcdbcd NOTICE: f_leak => defdef NOTICE: f_leak => yyyyyy tableoid | id | a | b | t1 ----------+-----+---+--------+---------------- t2 | 202 | 2 | bcdbcd | (202,2,bcdbcd) t2 | 204 | 4 | defdef | (204,4,defdef) t3 | 302 | 2 | yyyyyy | (302,2,yyyyyy) (3 rows) -- -- S.b. view on top of Row-level security -- SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; CREATE TABLE b1 (a int, b text); INSERT INTO b1 (SELECT x, md5(x::text) FROM generate_series(-10,10) x); CREATE POLICY p1 ON b1 USING (a % 2 = 0); ALTER TABLE b1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; GRANT ALL ON b1 TO regress_rls_bob; SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; CREATE VIEW bv1 WITH (security_barrier) AS SELECT * FROM b1 WHERE a > 0 WITH CHECK OPTION; GRANT ALL ON bv1 TO regress_rls_carol; SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol; EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM bv1 WHERE f_leak(b); QUERY PLAN --------------------------------------------- Subquery Scan on bv1 Filter: f_leak(bv1.b) -> Seq Scan on b1 Filter: ((a > 0) AND ((a % 2) = 0)) (4 rows) SELECT * FROM bv1 WHERE f_leak(b); NOTICE: f_leak => c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c NOTICE: f_leak => a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c NOTICE: f_leak => 1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc NOTICE: f_leak => c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d NOTICE: f_leak => d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820 a | b ----+---------------------------------- 2 | c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c 4 | a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c 6 | 1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc 8 | c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d 10 | d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820 (5 rows) INSERT INTO bv1 VALUES (-1, 'xxx'); -- should fail view WCO ERROR: new row violates row-level security policy for table "b1" INSERT INTO bv1 VALUES (11, 'xxx'); -- should fail RLS check ERROR: new row violates row-level security policy for table "b1" INSERT INTO bv1 VALUES (12, 'xxx'); -- ok EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE bv1 SET b = 'yyy' WHERE a = 4 AND f_leak(b); QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Update on b1 -> Seq Scan on b1 Filter: ((a > 0) AND (a = 4) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) (3 rows) UPDATE bv1 SET b = 'yyy' WHERE a = 4 AND f_leak(b); NOTICE: f_leak => a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) DELETE FROM bv1 WHERE a = 6 AND f_leak(b); QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Delete on b1 -> Seq Scan on b1 Filter: ((a > 0) AND (a = 6) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) (3 rows) DELETE FROM bv1 WHERE a = 6 AND f_leak(b); NOTICE: f_leak => 1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; SELECT * FROM b1; a | b -----+---------------------------------- -10 | 1b0fd9efa5279c4203b7c70233f86dbf -9 | 252e691406782824eec43d7eadc3d256 -8 | a8d2ec85eaf98407310b72eb73dda247 -7 | 74687a12d3915d3c4d83f1af7b3683d5 -6 | 596a3d04481816330f07e4f97510c28f -5 | 47c1b025fa18ea96c33fbb6718688c0f -4 | 0267aaf632e87a63288a08331f22c7c3 -3 | b3149ecea4628efd23d2f86e5a723472 -2 | 5d7b9adcbe1c629ec722529dd12e5129 -1 | 6bb61e3b7bce0931da574d19d1d82c88 0 | cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da 1 | c4ca4238a0b923820dcc509a6f75849b 2 | c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c 3 | eccbc87e4b5ce2fe28308fd9f2a7baf3 5 | e4da3b7fbbce2345d7772b0674a318d5 7 | 8f14e45fceea167a5a36dedd4bea2543 8 | c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d 9 | 45c48cce2e2d7fbdea1afc51c7c6ad26 10 | d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820 12 | xxx 4 | yyy (21 rows) -- -- INSERT ... ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE and Row-level security -- SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; DROP POLICY p1 ON document; DROP POLICY p1r ON document; CREATE POLICY p1 ON document FOR SELECT USING (true); CREATE POLICY p2 ON document FOR INSERT WITH CHECK (dauthor = current_user); CREATE POLICY p3 ON document FOR UPDATE USING (cid = (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel')) WITH CHECK (dauthor = current_user); SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; -- Exists... SELECT * FROM document WHERE did = 2; did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle -----+-----+--------+-----------------+----------------- 2 | 11 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my second novel (1 row) -- ...so violates actual WITH CHECK OPTION within UPDATE (not INSERT, since -- alternative UPDATE path happens to be taken): INSERT INTO document VALUES (2, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_carol', 'my first novel') ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle, dauthor = EXCLUDED.dauthor; ERROR: new row violates row-level security policy for table "document" -- Violates USING qual for UPDATE policy p3. -- -- UPDATE path is taken, but UPDATE fails purely because *existing* row to be -- updated is not a "novel"/cid 11 (row is not leaked, even though we have -- SELECT privileges sufficient to see the row in this instance): INSERT INTO document VALUES (33, 22, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'okay science fiction'); -- preparation for next statement INSERT INTO document VALUES (33, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'Some novel, replaces sci-fi') -- takes UPDATE path ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle; ERROR: new row violates row-level security policy (USING expression) for table "document" -- Fine (we UPDATE, since INSERT WCOs and UPDATE security barrier quals + WCOs -- not violated): INSERT INTO document VALUES (2, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my first novel') ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle RETURNING *; did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle -----+-----+--------+-----------------+---------------- 2 | 11 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my first novel (1 row) -- Fine (we INSERT, so "cid = 33" ("technology") isn't evaluated): INSERT INTO document VALUES (78, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'some technology novel') ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle, cid = 33 RETURNING *; did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle -----+-----+--------+-----------------+----------------------- 78 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | some technology novel (1 row) -- Fine (same query, but we UPDATE, so "cid = 33", ("technology") is not the -- case in respect of *existing* tuple): INSERT INTO document VALUES (78, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'some technology novel') ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle, cid = 33 RETURNING *; did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle -----+-----+--------+-----------------+----------------------- 78 | 33 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | some technology novel (1 row) -- Same query a third time, but now fails due to existing tuple finally not -- passing quals: INSERT INTO document VALUES (78, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'some technology novel') ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle, cid = 33 RETURNING *; ERROR: new row violates row-level security policy (USING expression) for table "document" -- Don't fail just because INSERT doesn't satisfy WITH CHECK option that -- originated as a barrier/USING() qual from the UPDATE. Note that the UPDATE -- path *isn't* taken, and so UPDATE-related policy does not apply: INSERT INTO document VALUES (79, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'technology'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'technology book, can only insert') ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle RETURNING *; did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle -----+-----+--------+-----------------+---------------------------------- 79 | 33 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | technology book, can only insert (1 row) -- But this time, the same statement fails, because the UPDATE path is taken, -- and updating the row just inserted falls afoul of security barrier qual -- (enforced as WCO) -- what we might have updated target tuple to is -- irrelevant, in fact. INSERT INTO document VALUES (79, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'technology'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'technology book, can only insert') ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle RETURNING *; ERROR: new row violates row-level security policy (USING expression) for table "document" -- Test default USING qual enforced as WCO SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; DROP POLICY p1 ON document; DROP POLICY p2 ON document; DROP POLICY p3 ON document; CREATE POLICY p3_with_default ON document FOR UPDATE USING (cid = (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel')); SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; -- Just because WCO-style enforcement of USING quals occurs with -- existing/target tuple does not mean that the implementation can be allowed -- to fail to also enforce this qual against the final tuple appended to -- relation (since in the absence of an explicit WCO, this is also interpreted -- as an UPDATE/ALL WCO in general). -- -- UPDATE path is taken here (fails due to existing tuple). Note that this is -- not reported as a "USING expression", because it's an RLS UPDATE check that originated as -- a USING qual for the purposes of RLS in general, as opposed to an explicit -- USING qual that is ordinarily a security barrier. We leave it up to the -- UPDATE to make this fail: INSERT INTO document VALUES (79, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'technology'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'technology book, can only insert') ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle RETURNING *; ERROR: new row violates row-level security policy for table "document" -- UPDATE path is taken here. Existing tuple passes, since its cid -- corresponds to "novel", but default USING qual is enforced against -- post-UPDATE tuple too (as always when updating with a policy that lacks an -- explicit WCO), and so this fails: INSERT INTO document VALUES (2, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'technology'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my first novel') ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET cid = EXCLUDED.cid, dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle RETURNING *; ERROR: new row violates row-level security policy for table "document" SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; DROP POLICY p3_with_default ON document; -- -- Test ALL policies with ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE (much the same as existing UPDATE -- tests) -- CREATE POLICY p3_with_all ON document FOR ALL USING (cid = (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel')) WITH CHECK (dauthor = current_user); SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; -- Fails, since ALL WCO is enforced in insert path: INSERT INTO document VALUES (80, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_carol', 'my first novel') ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle, cid = 33; ERROR: new row violates row-level security policy for table "document" -- Fails, since ALL policy USING qual is enforced (existing, target tuple is in -- violation, since it has the "manga" cid): INSERT INTO document VALUES (4, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my first novel') ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle; ERROR: new row violates row-level security policy (USING expression) for table "document" -- Fails, since ALL WCO are enforced: INSERT INTO document VALUES (1, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my first novel') ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dauthor = 'regress_rls_carol'; ERROR: new row violates row-level security policy for table "document" -- -- ROLE/GROUP -- SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; CREATE TABLE z1 (a int, b text); CREATE TABLE z2 (a int, b text); GRANT SELECT ON z1,z2 TO regress_rls_group1, regress_rls_group2, regress_rls_bob, regress_rls_carol; INSERT INTO z1 VALUES (1, 'aba'), (2, 'bbb'), (3, 'ccc'), (4, 'dad'); CREATE POLICY p1 ON z1 TO regress_rls_group1 USING (a % 2 = 0); CREATE POLICY p2 ON z1 TO regress_rls_group2 USING (a % 2 = 1); ALTER TABLE z1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b); NOTICE: f_leak => bbb NOTICE: f_leak => dad a | b ---+----- 2 | bbb 4 | dad (2 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b); QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------- Seq Scan on z1 Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) (2 rows) PREPARE plancache_test AS SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b); EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test; QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------- Seq Scan on z1 Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) (2 rows) PREPARE plancache_test2 AS WITH q AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b)) SELECT * FROM q,z2; EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test2; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------- Nested Loop CTE q -> Seq Scan on z1 Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) -> CTE Scan on q -> Materialize -> Seq Scan on z2 (7 rows) PREPARE plancache_test3 AS WITH q AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT * FROM z2) SELECT * FROM q,z1 WHERE f_leak(z1.b); EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test3; QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------------- Nested Loop CTE q -> Seq Scan on z2 -> CTE Scan on q -> Materialize -> Seq Scan on z1 Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) (7 rows) SET ROLE regress_rls_group1; SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b); NOTICE: f_leak => bbb NOTICE: f_leak => dad a | b ---+----- 2 | bbb 4 | dad (2 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b); QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------- Seq Scan on z1 Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) (2 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test; QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------- Seq Scan on z1 Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) (2 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test2; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------- Nested Loop CTE q -> Seq Scan on z1 Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) -> CTE Scan on q -> Materialize -> Seq Scan on z2 (7 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test3; QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------------- Nested Loop CTE q -> Seq Scan on z2 -> CTE Scan on q -> Materialize -> Seq Scan on z1 Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) (7 rows) SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol; SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b); NOTICE: f_leak => aba NOTICE: f_leak => ccc a | b ---+----- 1 | aba 3 | ccc (2 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b); QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------- Seq Scan on z1 Filter: (((a % 2) = 1) AND f_leak(b)) (2 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test; QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------- Seq Scan on z1 Filter: (((a % 2) = 1) AND f_leak(b)) (2 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test2; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------- Nested Loop CTE q -> Seq Scan on z1 Filter: (((a % 2) = 1) AND f_leak(b)) -> CTE Scan on q -> Materialize -> Seq Scan on z2 (7 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test3; QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------------- Nested Loop CTE q -> Seq Scan on z2 -> CTE Scan on q -> Materialize -> Seq Scan on z1 Filter: (((a % 2) = 1) AND f_leak(b)) (7 rows) SET ROLE regress_rls_group2; SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b); NOTICE: f_leak => aba NOTICE: f_leak => ccc a | b ---+----- 1 | aba 3 | ccc (2 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b); QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------- Seq Scan on z1 Filter: (((a % 2) = 1) AND f_leak(b)) (2 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test; QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------- Seq Scan on z1 Filter: (((a % 2) = 1) AND f_leak(b)) (2 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test2; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------- Nested Loop CTE q -> Seq Scan on z1 Filter: (((a % 2) = 1) AND f_leak(b)) -> CTE Scan on q -> Materialize -> Seq Scan on z2 (7 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test3; QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------------- Nested Loop CTE q -> Seq Scan on z2 -> CTE Scan on q -> Materialize -> Seq Scan on z1 Filter: (((a % 2) = 1) AND f_leak(b)) (7 rows) -- -- Views should follow policy for view owner. -- -- View and Table owner are the same. SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; CREATE VIEW rls_view AS SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b); GRANT SELECT ON rls_view TO regress_rls_bob; -- Query as role that is not owner of view or table. Should return all records. SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; SELECT * FROM rls_view; NOTICE: f_leak => aba NOTICE: f_leak => bbb NOTICE: f_leak => ccc NOTICE: f_leak => dad a | b ---+----- 1 | aba 2 | bbb 3 | ccc 4 | dad (4 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view; QUERY PLAN --------------------- Seq Scan on z1 Filter: f_leak(b) (2 rows) -- Query as view/table owner. Should return all records. SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; SELECT * FROM rls_view; NOTICE: f_leak => aba NOTICE: f_leak => bbb NOTICE: f_leak => ccc NOTICE: f_leak => dad a | b ---+----- 1 | aba 2 | bbb 3 | ccc 4 | dad (4 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view; QUERY PLAN --------------------- Seq Scan on z1 Filter: f_leak(b) (2 rows) DROP VIEW rls_view; -- View and Table owners are different. SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; CREATE VIEW rls_view AS SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b); GRANT SELECT ON rls_view TO regress_rls_alice; -- Query as role that is not owner of view but is owner of table. -- Should return records based on view owner policies. SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; SELECT * FROM rls_view; NOTICE: f_leak => bbb NOTICE: f_leak => dad a | b ---+----- 2 | bbb 4 | dad (2 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view; QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------- Seq Scan on z1 Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) (2 rows) -- Query as role that is not owner of table but is owner of view. -- Should return records based on view owner policies. SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; SELECT * FROM rls_view; NOTICE: f_leak => bbb NOTICE: f_leak => dad a | b ---+----- 2 | bbb 4 | dad (2 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view; QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------- Seq Scan on z1 Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) (2 rows) -- Query as role that is not the owner of the table or view without permissions. SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol; SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied. ERROR: permission denied for view rls_view EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied. ERROR: permission denied for view rls_view -- Query as role that is not the owner of the table or view with permissions. SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; GRANT SELECT ON rls_view TO regress_rls_carol; SELECT * FROM rls_view; NOTICE: f_leak => bbb NOTICE: f_leak => dad a | b ---+----- 2 | bbb 4 | dad (2 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view; QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------- Seq Scan on z1 Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) (2 rows) SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; DROP VIEW rls_view; -- -- Command specific -- SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; CREATE TABLE x1 (a int, b text, c text); GRANT ALL ON x1 TO PUBLIC; INSERT INTO x1 VALUES (1, 'abc', 'regress_rls_bob'), (2, 'bcd', 'regress_rls_bob'), (3, 'cde', 'regress_rls_carol'), (4, 'def', 'regress_rls_carol'), (5, 'efg', 'regress_rls_bob'), (6, 'fgh', 'regress_rls_bob'), (7, 'fgh', 'regress_rls_carol'), (8, 'fgh', 'regress_rls_carol'); CREATE POLICY p0 ON x1 FOR ALL USING (c = current_user); CREATE POLICY p1 ON x1 FOR SELECT USING (a % 2 = 0); CREATE POLICY p2 ON x1 FOR INSERT WITH CHECK (a % 2 = 1); CREATE POLICY p3 ON x1 FOR UPDATE USING (a % 2 = 0); CREATE POLICY p4 ON x1 FOR DELETE USING (a < 8); ALTER TABLE x1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; SELECT * FROM x1 WHERE f_leak(b) ORDER BY a ASC; NOTICE: f_leak => abc NOTICE: f_leak => bcd NOTICE: f_leak => def NOTICE: f_leak => efg NOTICE: f_leak => fgh NOTICE: f_leak => fgh a | b | c ---+-----+------------------- 1 | abc | regress_rls_bob 2 | bcd | regress_rls_bob 4 | def | regress_rls_carol 5 | efg | regress_rls_bob 6 | fgh | regress_rls_bob 8 | fgh | regress_rls_carol (6 rows) UPDATE x1 SET b = b || '_updt' WHERE f_leak(b) RETURNING *; NOTICE: f_leak => abc NOTICE: f_leak => bcd NOTICE: f_leak => def NOTICE: f_leak => efg NOTICE: f_leak => fgh NOTICE: f_leak => fgh a | b | c ---+----------+------------------- 1 | abc_updt | regress_rls_bob 2 | bcd_updt | regress_rls_bob 4 | def_updt | regress_rls_carol 5 | efg_updt | regress_rls_bob 6 | fgh_updt | regress_rls_bob 8 | fgh_updt | regress_rls_carol (6 rows) SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol; SELECT * FROM x1 WHERE f_leak(b) ORDER BY a ASC; NOTICE: f_leak => cde NOTICE: f_leak => fgh NOTICE: f_leak => bcd_updt NOTICE: f_leak => def_updt NOTICE: f_leak => fgh_updt NOTICE: f_leak => fgh_updt a | b | c ---+----------+------------------- 2 | bcd_updt | regress_rls_bob 3 | cde | regress_rls_carol 4 | def_updt | regress_rls_carol 6 | fgh_updt | regress_rls_bob 7 | fgh | regress_rls_carol 8 | fgh_updt | regress_rls_carol (6 rows) UPDATE x1 SET b = b || '_updt' WHERE f_leak(b) RETURNING *; NOTICE: f_leak => cde NOTICE: f_leak => fgh NOTICE: f_leak => bcd_updt NOTICE: f_leak => def_updt NOTICE: f_leak => fgh_updt NOTICE: f_leak => fgh_updt a | b | c ---+---------------+------------------- 3 | cde_updt | regress_rls_carol 7 | fgh_updt | regress_rls_carol 2 | bcd_updt_updt | regress_rls_bob 4 | def_updt_updt | regress_rls_carol 6 | fgh_updt_updt | regress_rls_bob 8 | fgh_updt_updt | regress_rls_carol (6 rows) DELETE FROM x1 WHERE f_leak(b) RETURNING *; NOTICE: f_leak => cde_updt NOTICE: f_leak => fgh_updt NOTICE: f_leak => bcd_updt_updt NOTICE: f_leak => def_updt_updt NOTICE: f_leak => fgh_updt_updt NOTICE: f_leak => fgh_updt_updt a | b | c ---+---------------+------------------- 3 | cde_updt | regress_rls_carol 7 | fgh_updt | regress_rls_carol 2 | bcd_updt_updt | regress_rls_bob 4 | def_updt_updt | regress_rls_carol 6 | fgh_updt_updt | regress_rls_bob 8 | fgh_updt_updt | regress_rls_carol (6 rows) -- -- Duplicate Policy Names -- SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; CREATE TABLE y1 (a int, b text); CREATE TABLE y2 (a int, b text); GRANT ALL ON y1, y2 TO regress_rls_bob; CREATE POLICY p1 ON y1 FOR ALL USING (a % 2 = 0); CREATE POLICY p2 ON y1 FOR SELECT USING (a > 2); CREATE POLICY p1 ON y1 FOR SELECT USING (a % 2 = 1); --fail ERROR: policy "p1" for table "y1" already exists CREATE POLICY p1 ON y2 FOR ALL USING (a % 2 = 0); --OK ALTER TABLE y1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; ALTER TABLE y2 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; -- -- Expression structure with SBV -- -- Create view as table owner. RLS should NOT be applied. SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; CREATE VIEW rls_sbv WITH (security_barrier) AS SELECT * FROM y1 WHERE f_leak(b); EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_sbv WHERE (a = 1); QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------- Seq Scan on y1 Filter: (f_leak(b) AND (a = 1)) (2 rows) DROP VIEW rls_sbv; -- Create view as role that does not own table. RLS should be applied. SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; CREATE VIEW rls_sbv WITH (security_barrier) AS SELECT * FROM y1 WHERE f_leak(b); EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_sbv WHERE (a = 1); QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------ Seq Scan on y1 Filter: ((a = 1) AND ((a > 2) OR ((a % 2) = 0)) AND f_leak(b)) (2 rows) DROP VIEW rls_sbv; -- -- Expression structure -- SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; INSERT INTO y2 (SELECT x, md5(x::text) FROM generate_series(0,20) x); CREATE POLICY p2 ON y2 USING (a % 3 = 0); CREATE POLICY p3 ON y2 USING (a % 4 = 0); SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; SELECT * FROM y2 WHERE f_leak(b); NOTICE: f_leak => cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da NOTICE: f_leak => c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c NOTICE: f_leak => eccbc87e4b5ce2fe28308fd9f2a7baf3 NOTICE: f_leak => a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c NOTICE: f_leak => 1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc NOTICE: f_leak => c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d NOTICE: f_leak => 45c48cce2e2d7fbdea1afc51c7c6ad26 NOTICE: f_leak => d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820 NOTICE: f_leak => c20ad4d76fe97759aa27a0c99bff6710 NOTICE: f_leak => aab3238922bcc25a6f606eb525ffdc56 NOTICE: f_leak => 9bf31c7ff062936a96d3c8bd1f8f2ff3 NOTICE: f_leak => c74d97b01eae257e44aa9d5bade97baf NOTICE: f_leak => 6f4922f45568161a8cdf4ad2299f6d23 NOTICE: f_leak => 98f13708210194c475687be6106a3b84 a | b ----+---------------------------------- 0 | cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da 2 | c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c 3 | eccbc87e4b5ce2fe28308fd9f2a7baf3 4 | a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c 6 | 1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc 8 | c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d 9 | 45c48cce2e2d7fbdea1afc51c7c6ad26 10 | d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820 12 | c20ad4d76fe97759aa27a0c99bff6710 14 | aab3238922bcc25a6f606eb525ffdc56 15 | 9bf31c7ff062936a96d3c8bd1f8f2ff3 16 | c74d97b01eae257e44aa9d5bade97baf 18 | 6f4922f45568161a8cdf4ad2299f6d23 20 | 98f13708210194c475687be6106a3b84 (14 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM y2 WHERE f_leak(b); QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Seq Scan on y2 Filter: ((((a % 4) = 0) OR ((a % 3) = 0) OR ((a % 2) = 0)) AND f_leak(b)) (2 rows) -- -- Qual push-down of leaky functions, when not referring to table -- SELECT * FROM y2 WHERE f_leak('abc'); NOTICE: f_leak => abc NOTICE: f_leak => abc NOTICE: f_leak => abc NOTICE: f_leak => abc NOTICE: f_leak => abc NOTICE: f_leak => abc NOTICE: f_leak => abc NOTICE: f_leak => abc NOTICE: f_leak => abc NOTICE: f_leak => abc NOTICE: f_leak => abc NOTICE: f_leak => abc NOTICE: f_leak => abc NOTICE: f_leak => abc NOTICE: f_leak => abc NOTICE: f_leak => abc NOTICE: f_leak => abc NOTICE: f_leak => abc NOTICE: f_leak => abc NOTICE: f_leak => abc NOTICE: f_leak => abc a | b ----+---------------------------------- 0 | cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da 2 | c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c 3 | eccbc87e4b5ce2fe28308fd9f2a7baf3 4 | a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c 6 | 1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc 8 | c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d 9 | 45c48cce2e2d7fbdea1afc51c7c6ad26 10 | d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820 12 | c20ad4d76fe97759aa27a0c99bff6710 14 | aab3238922bcc25a6f606eb525ffdc56 15 | 9bf31c7ff062936a96d3c8bd1f8f2ff3 16 | c74d97b01eae257e44aa9d5bade97baf 18 | 6f4922f45568161a8cdf4ad2299f6d23 20 | 98f13708210194c475687be6106a3b84 (14 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM y2 WHERE f_leak('abc'); QUERY PLAN --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Seq Scan on y2 Filter: (f_leak('abc'::text) AND (((a % 4) = 0) OR ((a % 3) = 0) OR ((a % 2) = 0))) (2 rows) CREATE TABLE test_qual_pushdown ( abc text ); INSERT INTO test_qual_pushdown VALUES ('abc'),('def'); SELECT * FROM y2 JOIN test_qual_pushdown ON (b = abc) WHERE f_leak(abc); NOTICE: f_leak => abc NOTICE: f_leak => def a | b | abc ---+---+----- (0 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM y2 JOIN test_qual_pushdown ON (b = abc) WHERE f_leak(abc); QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hash Join Hash Cond: (test_qual_pushdown.abc = y2.b) -> Seq Scan on test_qual_pushdown Filter: f_leak(abc) -> Hash -> Seq Scan on y2 Filter: (((a % 4) = 0) OR ((a % 3) = 0) OR ((a % 2) = 0)) (7 rows) SELECT * FROM y2 JOIN test_qual_pushdown ON (b = abc) WHERE f_leak(b); NOTICE: f_leak => cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da NOTICE: f_leak => c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c NOTICE: f_leak => eccbc87e4b5ce2fe28308fd9f2a7baf3 NOTICE: f_leak => a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c NOTICE: f_leak => 1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc NOTICE: f_leak => c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d NOTICE: f_leak => 45c48cce2e2d7fbdea1afc51c7c6ad26 NOTICE: f_leak => d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820 NOTICE: f_leak => c20ad4d76fe97759aa27a0c99bff6710 NOTICE: f_leak => aab3238922bcc25a6f606eb525ffdc56 NOTICE: f_leak => 9bf31c7ff062936a96d3c8bd1f8f2ff3 NOTICE: f_leak => c74d97b01eae257e44aa9d5bade97baf NOTICE: f_leak => 6f4922f45568161a8cdf4ad2299f6d23 NOTICE: f_leak => 98f13708210194c475687be6106a3b84 a | b | abc ---+---+----- (0 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM y2 JOIN test_qual_pushdown ON (b = abc) WHERE f_leak(b); QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hash Join Hash Cond: (test_qual_pushdown.abc = y2.b) -> Seq Scan on test_qual_pushdown -> Hash -> Seq Scan on y2 Filter: ((((a % 4) = 0) OR ((a % 3) = 0) OR ((a % 2) = 0)) AND f_leak(b)) (6 rows) DROP TABLE test_qual_pushdown; -- -- Plancache invalidate on user change. -- RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION; DROP TABLE t1 CASCADE; NOTICE: drop cascades to 2 other objects DETAIL: drop cascades to table t2 drop cascades to table t3 CREATE TABLE t1 (a integer); GRANT SELECT ON t1 TO regress_rls_bob, regress_rls_carol; CREATE POLICY p1 ON t1 TO regress_rls_bob USING ((a % 2) = 0); CREATE POLICY p2 ON t1 TO regress_rls_carol USING ((a % 4) = 0); ALTER TABLE t1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; -- Prepare as regress_rls_bob SET ROLE regress_rls_bob; PREPARE role_inval AS SELECT * FROM t1; -- Check plan EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE role_inval; QUERY PLAN ------------------------- Seq Scan on t1 Filter: ((a % 2) = 0) (2 rows) -- Change to regress_rls_carol SET ROLE regress_rls_carol; -- Check plan- should be different EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE role_inval; QUERY PLAN ------------------------- Seq Scan on t1 Filter: ((a % 4) = 0) (2 rows) -- Change back to regress_rls_bob SET ROLE regress_rls_bob; -- Check plan- should be back to original EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE role_inval; QUERY PLAN ------------------------- Seq Scan on t1 Filter: ((a % 2) = 0) (2 rows) -- -- CTE and RLS -- RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION; DROP TABLE t1 CASCADE; CREATE TABLE t1 (a integer, b text); CREATE POLICY p1 ON t1 USING (a % 2 = 0); ALTER TABLE t1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; GRANT ALL ON t1 TO regress_rls_bob; INSERT INTO t1 (SELECT x, md5(x::text) FROM generate_series(0,20) x); SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; WITH cte1 AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b)) SELECT * FROM cte1; NOTICE: f_leak => cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da NOTICE: f_leak => c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c NOTICE: f_leak => a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c NOTICE: f_leak => 1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc NOTICE: f_leak => c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d NOTICE: f_leak => d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820 NOTICE: f_leak => c20ad4d76fe97759aa27a0c99bff6710 NOTICE: f_leak => aab3238922bcc25a6f606eb525ffdc56 NOTICE: f_leak => c74d97b01eae257e44aa9d5bade97baf NOTICE: f_leak => 6f4922f45568161a8cdf4ad2299f6d23 NOTICE: f_leak => 98f13708210194c475687be6106a3b84 a | b ----+---------------------------------- 0 | cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da 2 | c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c 4 | a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c 6 | 1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc 8 | c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d 10 | d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820 12 | c20ad4d76fe97759aa27a0c99bff6710 14 | aab3238922bcc25a6f606eb525ffdc56 16 | c74d97b01eae257e44aa9d5bade97baf 18 | 6f4922f45568161a8cdf4ad2299f6d23 20 | 98f13708210194c475687be6106a3b84 (11 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) WITH cte1 AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b)) SELECT * FROM cte1; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------- CTE Scan on cte1 CTE cte1 -> Seq Scan on t1 Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b)) (4 rows) WITH cte1 AS (UPDATE t1 SET a = a + 1 RETURNING *) SELECT * FROM cte1; --fail ERROR: new row violates row-level security policy for table "t1" WITH cte1 AS (UPDATE t1 SET a = a RETURNING *) SELECT * FROM cte1; --ok a | b ----+---------------------------------- 0 | cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da 2 | c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c 4 | a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c 6 | 1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc 8 | c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d 10 | d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820 12 | c20ad4d76fe97759aa27a0c99bff6710 14 | aab3238922bcc25a6f606eb525ffdc56 16 | c74d97b01eae257e44aa9d5bade97baf 18 | 6f4922f45568161a8cdf4ad2299f6d23 20 | 98f13708210194c475687be6106a3b84 (11 rows) WITH cte1 AS (INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (21, 'Fail') RETURNING *) SELECT * FROM cte1; --fail ERROR: new row violates row-level security policy for table "t1" WITH cte1 AS (INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (20, 'Success') RETURNING *) SELECT * FROM cte1; --ok a | b ----+--------- 20 | Success (1 row) -- -- Rename Policy -- RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION; ALTER POLICY p1 ON t1 RENAME TO p1; --fail ERROR: policy "p1" for table "t1" already exists SELECT polname, relname FROM pg_policy pol JOIN pg_class pc ON (pc.oid = pol.polrelid) WHERE relname = 't1'; polname | relname ---------+--------- p1 | t1 (1 row) ALTER POLICY p1 ON t1 RENAME TO p2; --ok SELECT polname, relname FROM pg_policy pol JOIN pg_class pc ON (pc.oid = pol.polrelid) WHERE relname = 't1'; polname | relname ---------+--------- p2 | t1 (1 row) -- -- Check INSERT SELECT -- SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; CREATE TABLE t2 (a integer, b text); INSERT INTO t2 (SELECT * FROM t1); EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) INSERT INTO t2 (SELECT * FROM t1); QUERY PLAN ------------------------------- Insert on t2 -> Seq Scan on t1 Filter: ((a % 2) = 0) (3 rows) SELECT * FROM t2; a | b ----+---------------------------------- 0 | cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da 2 | c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c 4 | a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c 6 | 1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc 8 | c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d 10 | d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820 12 | c20ad4d76fe97759aa27a0c99bff6710 14 | aab3238922bcc25a6f606eb525ffdc56 16 | c74d97b01eae257e44aa9d5bade97baf 18 | 6f4922f45568161a8cdf4ad2299f6d23 20 | 98f13708210194c475687be6106a3b84 20 | Success (12 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t2; QUERY PLAN ---------------- Seq Scan on t2 (1 row) CREATE TABLE t3 AS SELECT * FROM t1; SELECT * FROM t3; a | b ----+---------------------------------- 0 | cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da 2 | c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c 4 | a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c 6 | 1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc 8 | c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d 10 | d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820 12 | c20ad4d76fe97759aa27a0c99bff6710 14 | aab3238922bcc25a6f606eb525ffdc56 16 | c74d97b01eae257e44aa9d5bade97baf 18 | 6f4922f45568161a8cdf4ad2299f6d23 20 | 98f13708210194c475687be6106a3b84 20 | Success (12 rows) SELECT * INTO t4 FROM t1; SELECT * FROM t4; a | b ----+---------------------------------- 0 | cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da 2 | c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c 4 | a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c 6 | 1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc 8 | c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d 10 | d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820 12 | c20ad4d76fe97759aa27a0c99bff6710 14 | aab3238922bcc25a6f606eb525ffdc56 16 | c74d97b01eae257e44aa9d5bade97baf 18 | 6f4922f45568161a8cdf4ad2299f6d23 20 | 98f13708210194c475687be6106a3b84 20 | Success (12 rows) -- -- RLS with JOIN -- SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; CREATE TABLE blog (id integer, author text, post text); CREATE TABLE comment (blog_id integer, message text); GRANT ALL ON blog, comment TO regress_rls_bob; CREATE POLICY blog_1 ON blog USING (id % 2 = 0); ALTER TABLE blog ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; INSERT INTO blog VALUES (1, 'alice', 'blog #1'), (2, 'bob', 'blog #1'), (3, 'alice', 'blog #2'), (4, 'alice', 'blog #3'), (5, 'john', 'blog #1'); INSERT INTO comment VALUES (1, 'cool blog'), (1, 'fun blog'), (3, 'crazy blog'), (5, 'what?'), (4, 'insane!'), (2, 'who did it?'); SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; -- Check RLS JOIN with Non-RLS. SELECT id, author, message FROM blog JOIN comment ON id = blog_id; id | author | message ----+--------+------------- 4 | alice | insane! 2 | bob | who did it? (2 rows) -- Check Non-RLS JOIN with RLS. SELECT id, author, message FROM comment JOIN blog ON id = blog_id; id | author | message ----+--------+------------- 4 | alice | insane! 2 | bob | who did it? (2 rows) SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; CREATE POLICY comment_1 ON comment USING (blog_id < 4); ALTER TABLE comment ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; -- Check RLS JOIN RLS SELECT id, author, message FROM blog JOIN comment ON id = blog_id; id | author | message ----+--------+------------- 2 | bob | who did it? (1 row) SELECT id, author, message FROM comment JOIN blog ON id = blog_id; id | author | message ----+--------+------------- 2 | bob | who did it? (1 row) SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; DROP TABLE blog, comment; -- -- Default Deny Policy -- RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION; DROP POLICY p2 ON t1; ALTER TABLE t1 OWNER TO regress_rls_alice; -- Check that default deny does not apply to superuser. RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION; SELECT * FROM t1; a | b ----+---------------------------------- 1 | c4ca4238a0b923820dcc509a6f75849b 3 | eccbc87e4b5ce2fe28308fd9f2a7baf3 5 | e4da3b7fbbce2345d7772b0674a318d5 7 | 8f14e45fceea167a5a36dedd4bea2543 9 | 45c48cce2e2d7fbdea1afc51c7c6ad26 11 | 6512bd43d9caa6e02c990b0a82652dca 13 | c51ce410c124a10e0db5e4b97fc2af39 15 | 9bf31c7ff062936a96d3c8bd1f8f2ff3 17 | 70efdf2ec9b086079795c442636b55fb 19 | 1f0e3dad99908345f7439f8ffabdffc4 0 | cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da 2 | c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c 4 | a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c 6 | 1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc 8 | c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d 10 | d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820 12 | c20ad4d76fe97759aa27a0c99bff6710 14 | aab3238922bcc25a6f606eb525ffdc56 16 | c74d97b01eae257e44aa9d5bade97baf 18 | 6f4922f45568161a8cdf4ad2299f6d23 20 | 98f13708210194c475687be6106a3b84 20 | Success (22 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1; QUERY PLAN ---------------- Seq Scan on t1 (1 row) -- Check that default deny does not apply to table owner. SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; SELECT * FROM t1; a | b ----+---------------------------------- 1 | c4ca4238a0b923820dcc509a6f75849b 3 | eccbc87e4b5ce2fe28308fd9f2a7baf3 5 | e4da3b7fbbce2345d7772b0674a318d5 7 | 8f14e45fceea167a5a36dedd4bea2543 9 | 45c48cce2e2d7fbdea1afc51c7c6ad26 11 | 6512bd43d9caa6e02c990b0a82652dca 13 | c51ce410c124a10e0db5e4b97fc2af39 15 | 9bf31c7ff062936a96d3c8bd1f8f2ff3 17 | 70efdf2ec9b086079795c442636b55fb 19 | 1f0e3dad99908345f7439f8ffabdffc4 0 | cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da 2 | c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c 4 | a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c 6 | 1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc 8 | c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d 10 | d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820 12 | c20ad4d76fe97759aa27a0c99bff6710 14 | aab3238922bcc25a6f606eb525ffdc56 16 | c74d97b01eae257e44aa9d5bade97baf 18 | 6f4922f45568161a8cdf4ad2299f6d23 20 | 98f13708210194c475687be6106a3b84 20 | Success (22 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1; QUERY PLAN ---------------- Seq Scan on t1 (1 row) -- Check that default deny applies to non-owner/non-superuser when RLS on. SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; SET row_security TO ON; SELECT * FROM t1; a | b ---+--- (0 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1; QUERY PLAN -------------------------- Result One-Time Filter: false (2 rows) SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; SELECT * FROM t1; a | b ---+--- (0 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1; QUERY PLAN -------------------------- Result One-Time Filter: false (2 rows) -- -- COPY TO/FROM -- RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION; DROP TABLE copy_t CASCADE; ERROR: table "copy_t" does not exist CREATE TABLE copy_t (a integer, b text); CREATE POLICY p1 ON copy_t USING (a % 2 = 0); ALTER TABLE copy_t ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; GRANT ALL ON copy_t TO regress_rls_bob, regress_rls_exempt_user; INSERT INTO copy_t (SELECT x, md5(x::text) FROM generate_series(0,10) x); -- Check COPY TO as Superuser/owner. RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION; SET row_security TO OFF; COPY (SELECT * FROM copy_t ORDER BY a ASC) TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; 0,cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da 1,c4ca4238a0b923820dcc509a6f75849b 2,c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c 3,eccbc87e4b5ce2fe28308fd9f2a7baf3 4,a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c 5,e4da3b7fbbce2345d7772b0674a318d5 6,1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc 7,8f14e45fceea167a5a36dedd4bea2543 8,c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d 9,45c48cce2e2d7fbdea1afc51c7c6ad26 10,d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820 SET row_security TO ON; COPY (SELECT * FROM copy_t ORDER BY a ASC) TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; 0,cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da 1,c4ca4238a0b923820dcc509a6f75849b 2,c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c 3,eccbc87e4b5ce2fe28308fd9f2a7baf3 4,a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c 5,e4da3b7fbbce2345d7772b0674a318d5 6,1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc 7,8f14e45fceea167a5a36dedd4bea2543 8,c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d 9,45c48cce2e2d7fbdea1afc51c7c6ad26 10,d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820 -- Check COPY TO as user with permissions. SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; SET row_security TO OFF; COPY (SELECT * FROM copy_t ORDER BY a ASC) TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --fail - would be affected by RLS ERROR: query would be affected by row-level security policy for table "copy_t" SET row_security TO ON; COPY (SELECT * FROM copy_t ORDER BY a ASC) TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --ok 0,cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da 2,c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c 4,a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c 6,1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc 8,c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d 10,d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820 -- Check COPY TO as user with permissions and BYPASSRLS SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_exempt_user; SET row_security TO OFF; COPY (SELECT * FROM copy_t ORDER BY a ASC) TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --ok 0,cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da 1,c4ca4238a0b923820dcc509a6f75849b 2,c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c 3,eccbc87e4b5ce2fe28308fd9f2a7baf3 4,a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c 5,e4da3b7fbbce2345d7772b0674a318d5 6,1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc 7,8f14e45fceea167a5a36dedd4bea2543 8,c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d 9,45c48cce2e2d7fbdea1afc51c7c6ad26 10,d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820 SET row_security TO ON; COPY (SELECT * FROM copy_t ORDER BY a ASC) TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --ok 0,cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da 1,c4ca4238a0b923820dcc509a6f75849b 2,c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c 3,eccbc87e4b5ce2fe28308fd9f2a7baf3 4,a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c 5,e4da3b7fbbce2345d7772b0674a318d5 6,1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc 7,8f14e45fceea167a5a36dedd4bea2543 8,c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d 9,45c48cce2e2d7fbdea1afc51c7c6ad26 10,d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820 -- Check COPY TO as user without permissions. SET row_security TO OFF; SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol; SET row_security TO OFF; COPY (SELECT * FROM copy_t ORDER BY a ASC) TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --fail - would be affected by RLS ERROR: query would be affected by row-level security policy for table "copy_t" SET row_security TO ON; COPY (SELECT * FROM copy_t ORDER BY a ASC) TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --fail - permission denied ERROR: permission denied for table copy_t -- Check COPY relation TO; keep it just one row to avoid reordering issues RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION; SET row_security TO ON; CREATE TABLE copy_rel_to (a integer, b text); CREATE POLICY p1 ON copy_rel_to USING (a % 2 = 0); ALTER TABLE copy_rel_to ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; GRANT ALL ON copy_rel_to TO regress_rls_bob, regress_rls_exempt_user; INSERT INTO copy_rel_to VALUES (1, md5('1')); -- Check COPY TO as Superuser/owner. RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION; SET row_security TO OFF; COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; 1,c4ca4238a0b923820dcc509a6f75849b SET row_security TO ON; COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; 1,c4ca4238a0b923820dcc509a6f75849b -- Check COPY TO as user with permissions. SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; SET row_security TO OFF; COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --fail - would be affected by RLS ERROR: query would be affected by row-level security policy for table "copy_rel_to" SET row_security TO ON; COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --ok -- Check COPY TO as user with permissions and BYPASSRLS SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_exempt_user; SET row_security TO OFF; COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --ok 1,c4ca4238a0b923820dcc509a6f75849b SET row_security TO ON; COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --ok 1,c4ca4238a0b923820dcc509a6f75849b -- Check COPY TO as user without permissions. SET row_security TO OFF; SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol; SET row_security TO OFF; COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --fail - permission denied ERROR: permission denied for table copy_rel_to SET row_security TO ON; COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --fail - permission denied ERROR: permission denied for table copy_rel_to -- Check COPY FROM as Superuser/owner. RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION; SET row_security TO OFF; COPY copy_t FROM STDIN; --ok SET row_security TO ON; COPY copy_t FROM STDIN; --ok -- Check COPY FROM as user with permissions. SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; SET row_security TO OFF; COPY copy_t FROM STDIN; --fail - would be affected by RLS. ERROR: query would be affected by row-level security policy for table "copy_t" SET row_security TO ON; COPY copy_t FROM STDIN; --fail - COPY FROM not supported by RLS. ERROR: COPY FROM not supported with row-level security HINT: Use INSERT statements instead. -- Check COPY FROM as user with permissions and BYPASSRLS SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_exempt_user; SET row_security TO ON; COPY copy_t FROM STDIN; --ok -- Check COPY FROM as user without permissions. SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol; SET row_security TO OFF; COPY copy_t FROM STDIN; --fail - permission denied. ERROR: permission denied for table copy_t SET row_security TO ON; COPY copy_t FROM STDIN; --fail - permission denied. ERROR: permission denied for table copy_t RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION; DROP TABLE copy_t; DROP TABLE copy_rel_to CASCADE; -- Check WHERE CURRENT OF SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; CREATE TABLE current_check (currentid int, payload text, rlsuser text); GRANT ALL ON current_check TO PUBLIC; INSERT INTO current_check VALUES (1, 'abc', 'regress_rls_bob'), (2, 'bcd', 'regress_rls_bob'), (3, 'cde', 'regress_rls_bob'), (4, 'def', 'regress_rls_bob'); CREATE POLICY p1 ON current_check FOR SELECT USING (currentid % 2 = 0); CREATE POLICY p2 ON current_check FOR DELETE USING (currentid = 4 AND rlsuser = current_user); CREATE POLICY p3 ON current_check FOR UPDATE USING (currentid = 4) WITH CHECK (rlsuser = current_user); ALTER TABLE current_check ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; -- Can SELECT even rows SELECT * FROM current_check; currentid | payload | rlsuser -----------+---------+----------------- 2 | bcd | regress_rls_bob 4 | def | regress_rls_bob (2 rows) -- Cannot UPDATE row 2 UPDATE current_check SET payload = payload || '_new' WHERE currentid = 2 RETURNING *; currentid | payload | rlsuser -----------+---------+--------- (0 rows) BEGIN; DECLARE current_check_cursor SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM current_check; -- Returns rows that can be seen according to SELECT policy, like plain SELECT -- above (even rows) FETCH ABSOLUTE 1 FROM current_check_cursor; currentid | payload | rlsuser -----------+---------+----------------- 2 | bcd | regress_rls_bob (1 row) -- Still cannot UPDATE row 2 through cursor UPDATE current_check SET payload = payload || '_new' WHERE CURRENT OF current_check_cursor RETURNING *; currentid | payload | rlsuser -----------+---------+--------- (0 rows) -- Can update row 4 through cursor, which is the next visible row FETCH RELATIVE 1 FROM current_check_cursor; currentid | payload | rlsuser -----------+---------+----------------- 4 | def | regress_rls_bob (1 row) UPDATE current_check SET payload = payload || '_new' WHERE CURRENT OF current_check_cursor RETURNING *; currentid | payload | rlsuser -----------+---------+----------------- 4 | def_new | regress_rls_bob (1 row) SELECT * FROM current_check; currentid | payload | rlsuser -----------+---------+----------------- 2 | bcd | regress_rls_bob 4 | def_new | regress_rls_bob (2 rows) -- Plan should be a subquery TID scan EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE current_check SET payload = payload WHERE CURRENT OF current_check_cursor; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------- Update on current_check -> Tid Scan on current_check TID Cond: CURRENT OF current_check_cursor Filter: ((currentid = 4) AND ((currentid % 2) = 0)) (4 rows) -- Similarly can only delete row 4 FETCH ABSOLUTE 1 FROM current_check_cursor; currentid | payload | rlsuser -----------+---------+----------------- 2 | bcd | regress_rls_bob (1 row) DELETE FROM current_check WHERE CURRENT OF current_check_cursor RETURNING *; currentid | payload | rlsuser -----------+---------+--------- (0 rows) FETCH RELATIVE 1 FROM current_check_cursor; currentid | payload | rlsuser -----------+---------+----------------- 4 | def | regress_rls_bob (1 row) DELETE FROM current_check WHERE CURRENT OF current_check_cursor RETURNING *; currentid | payload | rlsuser -----------+---------+----------------- 4 | def_new | regress_rls_bob (1 row) SELECT * FROM current_check; currentid | payload | rlsuser -----------+---------+----------------- 2 | bcd | regress_rls_bob (1 row) COMMIT; -- -- check pg_stats view filtering -- SET row_security TO ON; SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; ANALYZE current_check; -- Stats visible SELECT row_security_active('current_check'); row_security_active --------------------- f (1 row) SELECT attname, most_common_vals FROM pg_stats WHERE tablename = 'current_check' ORDER BY 1; attname | most_common_vals -----------+------------------- currentid | payload | rlsuser | {regress_rls_bob} (3 rows) SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; -- Stats not visible SELECT row_security_active('current_check'); row_security_active --------------------- t (1 row) SELECT attname, most_common_vals FROM pg_stats WHERE tablename = 'current_check' ORDER BY 1; attname | most_common_vals ---------+------------------ (0 rows) -- -- Collation support -- BEGIN; CREATE TABLE coll_t (c) AS VALUES ('bar'::text); CREATE POLICY coll_p ON coll_t USING (c < ('foo'::text COLLATE "C")); ALTER TABLE coll_t ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; GRANT SELECT ON coll_t TO regress_rls_alice; SELECT (string_to_array(polqual, ':'))[7] AS inputcollid FROM pg_policy WHERE polrelid = 'coll_t'::regclass; inputcollid ------------------ inputcollid 950 (1 row) SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; SELECT * FROM coll_t; c ----- bar (1 row) ROLLBACK; -- -- Shared Object Dependencies -- RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION; BEGIN; CREATE ROLE regress_rls_eve; CREATE ROLE regress_rls_frank; CREATE TABLE tbl1 (c) AS VALUES ('bar'::text); GRANT SELECT ON TABLE tbl1 TO regress_rls_eve; CREATE POLICY P ON tbl1 TO regress_rls_eve, regress_rls_frank USING (true); SELECT refclassid::regclass, deptype FROM pg_depend WHERE classid = 'pg_policy'::regclass AND refobjid = 'tbl1'::regclass; refclassid | deptype ------------+--------- pg_class | a (1 row) SELECT refclassid::regclass, deptype FROM pg_shdepend WHERE classid = 'pg_policy'::regclass AND refobjid IN ('regress_rls_eve'::regrole, 'regress_rls_frank'::regrole); refclassid | deptype ------------+--------- pg_authid | r pg_authid | r (2 rows) SAVEPOINT q; DROP ROLE regress_rls_eve; --fails due to dependency on POLICY p ERROR: role "regress_rls_eve" cannot be dropped because some objects depend on it DETAIL: privileges for table tbl1 target of policy p on table tbl1 ROLLBACK TO q; ALTER POLICY p ON tbl1 TO regress_rls_frank USING (true); SAVEPOINT q; DROP ROLE regress_rls_eve; --fails due to dependency on GRANT SELECT ERROR: role "regress_rls_eve" cannot be dropped because some objects depend on it DETAIL: privileges for table tbl1 ROLLBACK TO q; REVOKE ALL ON TABLE tbl1 FROM regress_rls_eve; SAVEPOINT q; DROP ROLE regress_rls_eve; --succeeds ROLLBACK TO q; SAVEPOINT q; DROP ROLE regress_rls_frank; --fails due to dependency on POLICY p ERROR: role "regress_rls_frank" cannot be dropped because some objects depend on it DETAIL: target of policy p on table tbl1 ROLLBACK TO q; DROP POLICY p ON tbl1; SAVEPOINT q; DROP ROLE regress_rls_frank; -- succeeds ROLLBACK TO q; ROLLBACK; -- cleanup -- -- Converting table to view -- BEGIN; CREATE TABLE t (c int); CREATE POLICY p ON t USING (c % 2 = 1); ALTER TABLE t ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; SAVEPOINT q; CREATE RULE "_RETURN" AS ON SELECT TO t DO INSTEAD SELECT * FROM generate_series(1,5) t0(c); -- fails due to row level security enabled ERROR: could not convert table "t" to a view because it has row security enabled ROLLBACK TO q; ALTER TABLE t DISABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; SAVEPOINT q; CREATE RULE "_RETURN" AS ON SELECT TO t DO INSTEAD SELECT * FROM generate_series(1,5) t0(c); -- fails due to policy p on t ERROR: could not convert table "t" to a view because it has row security policies ROLLBACK TO q; DROP POLICY p ON t; CREATE RULE "_RETURN" AS ON SELECT TO t DO INSTEAD SELECT * FROM generate_series(1,5) t0(c); -- succeeds ROLLBACK; -- -- Policy expression handling -- BEGIN; CREATE TABLE t (c) AS VALUES ('bar'::text); CREATE POLICY p ON t USING (max(c)); -- fails: aggregate functions are not allowed in policy expressions ERROR: aggregate functions are not allowed in policy expressions ROLLBACK; -- -- Non-target relations are only subject to SELECT policies -- SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; CREATE TABLE r1 (a int); CREATE TABLE r2 (a int); INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10), (20); INSERT INTO r2 VALUES (10), (20); GRANT ALL ON r1, r2 TO regress_rls_bob; CREATE POLICY p1 ON r1 USING (true); ALTER TABLE r1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; CREATE POLICY p1 ON r2 FOR SELECT USING (true); CREATE POLICY p2 ON r2 FOR INSERT WITH CHECK (false); CREATE POLICY p3 ON r2 FOR UPDATE USING (false); CREATE POLICY p4 ON r2 FOR DELETE USING (false); ALTER TABLE r2 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob; SELECT * FROM r1; a ---- 10 20 (2 rows) SELECT * FROM r2; a ---- 10 20 (2 rows) -- r2 is read-only INSERT INTO r2 VALUES (2); -- Not allowed ERROR: new row violates row-level security policy for table "r2" UPDATE r2 SET a = 2 RETURNING *; -- Updates nothing a --- (0 rows) DELETE FROM r2 RETURNING *; -- Deletes nothing a --- (0 rows) -- r2 can be used as a non-target relation in DML INSERT INTO r1 SELECT a + 1 FROM r2 RETURNING *; -- OK a ---- 11 21 (2 rows) UPDATE r1 SET a = r2.a + 2 FROM r2 WHERE r1.a = r2.a RETURNING *; -- OK a | a ----+---- 12 | 10 22 | 20 (2 rows) DELETE FROM r1 USING r2 WHERE r1.a = r2.a + 2 RETURNING *; -- OK a | a ----+---- 12 | 10 22 | 20 (2 rows) SELECT * FROM r1; a ---- 11 21 (2 rows) SELECT * FROM r2; a ---- 10 20 (2 rows) SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; DROP TABLE r1; DROP TABLE r2; -- -- FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY applies RLS to owners too -- SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; SET row_security = on; CREATE TABLE r1 (a int); INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10), (20); CREATE POLICY p1 ON r1 USING (false); ALTER TABLE r1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; ALTER TABLE r1 FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; -- No error, but no rows TABLE r1; a --- (0 rows) -- RLS error INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (1); ERROR: new row violates row-level security policy for table "r1" -- No error (unable to see any rows to update) UPDATE r1 SET a = 1; TABLE r1; a --- (0 rows) -- No error (unable to see any rows to delete) DELETE FROM r1; TABLE r1; a --- (0 rows) SET row_security = off; -- these all fail, would be affected by RLS TABLE r1; ERROR: query would be affected by row-level security policy for table "r1" HINT: To disable the policy for the table's owner, use ALTER TABLE NO FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY. UPDATE r1 SET a = 1; ERROR: query would be affected by row-level security policy for table "r1" HINT: To disable the policy for the table's owner, use ALTER TABLE NO FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY. DELETE FROM r1; ERROR: query would be affected by row-level security policy for table "r1" HINT: To disable the policy for the table's owner, use ALTER TABLE NO FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY. DROP TABLE r1; -- -- FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY does not break RI -- SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; SET row_security = on; CREATE TABLE r1 (a int PRIMARY KEY); CREATE TABLE r2 (a int REFERENCES r1); INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10), (20); INSERT INTO r2 VALUES (10), (20); -- Create policies on r2 which prevent the -- owner from seeing any rows, but RI should -- still see them. CREATE POLICY p1 ON r2 USING (false); ALTER TABLE r2 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; ALTER TABLE r2 FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; -- Errors due to rows in r2 DELETE FROM r1; ERROR: update or delete on table "r1" violates foreign key constraint "r2_a_fkey" on table "r2" DETAIL: Key (a)=(10) is still referenced from table "r2". -- Reset r2 to no-RLS DROP POLICY p1 ON r2; ALTER TABLE r2 NO FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; ALTER TABLE r2 DISABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; -- clean out r2 for INSERT test below DELETE FROM r2; -- Change r1 to not allow rows to be seen CREATE POLICY p1 ON r1 USING (false); ALTER TABLE r1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; ALTER TABLE r1 FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; -- No rows seen TABLE r1; a --- (0 rows) -- No error, RI still sees that row exists in r1 INSERT INTO r2 VALUES (10); DROP TABLE r2; DROP TABLE r1; -- Ensure cascaded DELETE works CREATE TABLE r1 (a int PRIMARY KEY); CREATE TABLE r2 (a int REFERENCES r1 ON DELETE CASCADE); INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10), (20); INSERT INTO r2 VALUES (10), (20); -- Create policies on r2 which prevent the -- owner from seeing any rows, but RI should -- still see them. CREATE POLICY p1 ON r2 USING (false); ALTER TABLE r2 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; ALTER TABLE r2 FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; -- Deletes all records from both DELETE FROM r1; -- Remove FORCE from r2 ALTER TABLE r2 NO FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; -- As owner, we now bypass RLS -- verify no rows in r2 now TABLE r2; a --- (0 rows) DROP TABLE r2; DROP TABLE r1; -- Ensure cascaded UPDATE works CREATE TABLE r1 (a int PRIMARY KEY); CREATE TABLE r2 (a int REFERENCES r1 ON UPDATE CASCADE); INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10), (20); INSERT INTO r2 VALUES (10), (20); -- Create policies on r2 which prevent the -- owner from seeing any rows, but RI should -- still see them. CREATE POLICY p1 ON r2 USING (false); ALTER TABLE r2 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; ALTER TABLE r2 FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; -- Updates records in both UPDATE r1 SET a = a+5; -- Remove FORCE from r2 ALTER TABLE r2 NO FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; -- As owner, we now bypass RLS -- verify records in r2 updated TABLE r2; a ---- 15 25 (2 rows) DROP TABLE r2; DROP TABLE r1; -- -- Test INSERT+RETURNING applies SELECT policies as -- WithCheckOptions (meaning an error is thrown) -- SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; SET row_security = on; CREATE TABLE r1 (a int); CREATE POLICY p1 ON r1 FOR SELECT USING (false); CREATE POLICY p2 ON r1 FOR INSERT WITH CHECK (true); ALTER TABLE r1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; ALTER TABLE r1 FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; -- Works fine INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10), (20); -- No error, but no rows TABLE r1; a --- (0 rows) SET row_security = off; -- fail, would be affected by RLS TABLE r1; ERROR: query would be affected by row-level security policy for table "r1" HINT: To disable the policy for the table's owner, use ALTER TABLE NO FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY. SET row_security = on; -- Error INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10), (20) RETURNING *; ERROR: new row violates row-level security policy for table "r1" DROP TABLE r1; -- -- Test UPDATE+RETURNING applies SELECT policies as -- WithCheckOptions (meaning an error is thrown) -- SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; SET row_security = on; CREATE TABLE r1 (a int PRIMARY KEY); CREATE POLICY p1 ON r1 FOR SELECT USING (a < 20); CREATE POLICY p2 ON r1 FOR UPDATE USING (a < 20) WITH CHECK (true); CREATE POLICY p3 ON r1 FOR INSERT WITH CHECK (true); INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10); ALTER TABLE r1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; ALTER TABLE r1 FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; -- Works fine UPDATE r1 SET a = 30; -- Show updated rows ALTER TABLE r1 NO FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; TABLE r1; a ---- 30 (1 row) -- reset value in r1 for test with RETURNING UPDATE r1 SET a = 10; -- Verify row reset TABLE r1; a ---- 10 (1 row) ALTER TABLE r1 FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; -- Error UPDATE r1 SET a = 30 RETURNING *; ERROR: new row violates row-level security policy for table "r1" -- UPDATE path of INSERT ... ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE should also error out INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10) ON CONFLICT (a) DO UPDATE SET a = 30 RETURNING *; ERROR: new row violates row-level security policy for table "r1" -- Should still error out without RETURNING (use of arbiter always requires -- SELECT permissions) INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10) ON CONFLICT (a) DO UPDATE SET a = 30; ERROR: new row violates row-level security policy for table "r1" INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10) ON CONFLICT ON CONSTRAINT r1_pkey DO UPDATE SET a = 30; ERROR: new row violates row-level security policy for table "r1" DROP TABLE r1; -- Check dependency handling RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION; CREATE TABLE dep1 (c1 int); CREATE TABLE dep2 (c1 int); CREATE POLICY dep_p1 ON dep1 TO regress_rls_bob USING (c1 > (select max(dep2.c1) from dep2)); ALTER POLICY dep_p1 ON dep1 TO regress_rls_bob,regress_rls_carol; -- Should return one SELECT count(*) = 1 FROM pg_depend WHERE objid = (SELECT oid FROM pg_policy WHERE polname = 'dep_p1') AND refobjid = (SELECT oid FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'dep2'); ?column? ---------- t (1 row) ALTER POLICY dep_p1 ON dep1 USING (true); -- Should return one SELECT count(*) = 1 FROM pg_shdepend WHERE objid = (SELECT oid FROM pg_policy WHERE polname = 'dep_p1') AND refobjid = (SELECT oid FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_rls_bob'); ?column? ---------- t (1 row) -- Should return one SELECT count(*) = 1 FROM pg_shdepend WHERE objid = (SELECT oid FROM pg_policy WHERE polname = 'dep_p1') AND refobjid = (SELECT oid FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_rls_carol'); ?column? ---------- t (1 row) -- Should return zero SELECT count(*) = 0 FROM pg_depend WHERE objid = (SELECT oid FROM pg_policy WHERE polname = 'dep_p1') AND refobjid = (SELECT oid FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'dep2'); ?column? ---------- t (1 row) -- DROP OWNED BY testing RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION; CREATE ROLE regress_rls_dob_role1; CREATE ROLE regress_rls_dob_role2; CREATE TABLE dob_t1 (c1 int); CREATE TABLE dob_t2 (c1 int) PARTITION BY RANGE (c1); CREATE POLICY p1 ON dob_t1 TO regress_rls_dob_role1 USING (true); DROP OWNED BY regress_rls_dob_role1; DROP POLICY p1 ON dob_t1; -- should fail, already gone ERROR: policy "p1" for table "dob_t1" does not exist CREATE POLICY p1 ON dob_t1 TO regress_rls_dob_role1,regress_rls_dob_role2 USING (true); DROP OWNED BY regress_rls_dob_role1; DROP POLICY p1 ON dob_t1; -- should succeed -- same cases with duplicate polroles entries CREATE POLICY p1 ON dob_t1 TO regress_rls_dob_role1,regress_rls_dob_role1 USING (true); DROP OWNED BY regress_rls_dob_role1; DROP POLICY p1 ON dob_t1; -- should fail, already gone ERROR: policy "p1" for table "dob_t1" does not exist CREATE POLICY p1 ON dob_t1 TO regress_rls_dob_role1,regress_rls_dob_role1,regress_rls_dob_role2 USING (true); DROP OWNED BY regress_rls_dob_role1; DROP POLICY p1 ON dob_t1; -- should succeed -- partitioned target CREATE POLICY p1 ON dob_t2 TO regress_rls_dob_role1,regress_rls_dob_role2 USING (true); DROP OWNED BY regress_rls_dob_role1; DROP POLICY p1 ON dob_t2; -- should succeed DROP USER regress_rls_dob_role1; DROP USER regress_rls_dob_role2; -- Bug #15708: view + table with RLS should check policies as view owner CREATE TABLE ref_tbl (a int); INSERT INTO ref_tbl VALUES (1); CREATE TABLE rls_tbl (a int); INSERT INTO rls_tbl VALUES (10); ALTER TABLE rls_tbl ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; CREATE POLICY p1 ON rls_tbl USING (EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM ref_tbl)); GRANT SELECT ON ref_tbl TO regress_rls_bob; GRANT SELECT ON rls_tbl TO regress_rls_bob; CREATE VIEW rls_view AS SELECT * FROM rls_tbl; ALTER VIEW rls_view OWNER TO regress_rls_bob; GRANT SELECT ON rls_view TO regress_rls_alice; SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; SELECT * FROM ref_tbl; -- Permission denied ERROR: permission denied for table ref_tbl SELECT * FROM rls_tbl; -- Permission denied ERROR: permission denied for table rls_tbl SELECT * FROM rls_view; -- OK a ---- 10 (1 row) RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION; DROP VIEW rls_view; DROP TABLE rls_tbl; DROP TABLE ref_tbl; -- Leaky operator test CREATE TABLE rls_tbl (a int); INSERT INTO rls_tbl SELECT x/10 FROM generate_series(1, 100) x; ANALYZE rls_tbl; ALTER TABLE rls_tbl ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; GRANT SELECT ON rls_tbl TO regress_rls_alice; SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; CREATE FUNCTION op_leak(int, int) RETURNS bool AS 'BEGIN RAISE NOTICE ''op_leak => %, %'', $1, $2; RETURN $1 < $2; END' LANGUAGE plpgsql; CREATE OPERATOR <<< (procedure = op_leak, leftarg = int, rightarg = int, restrict = scalarltsel); SELECT * FROM rls_tbl WHERE a <<< 1000; a --- (0 rows) DROP OPERATOR <<< (int, int); DROP FUNCTION op_leak(int, int); RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION; DROP TABLE rls_tbl; -- Bug #16006: whole-row Vars in a policy don't play nice with sub-selects SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice; CREATE TABLE rls_tbl (a int, b int, c int); CREATE POLICY p1 ON rls_tbl USING (rls_tbl >= ROW(1,1,1)); ALTER TABLE rls_tbl ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; ALTER TABLE rls_tbl FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; INSERT INTO rls_tbl SELECT 10, 20, 30; EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF) INSERT INTO rls_tbl SELECT * FROM (SELECT b, c FROM rls_tbl ORDER BY a) ss; QUERY PLAN -------------------------------------------------------------------- Insert on regress_rls_schema.rls_tbl -> Subquery Scan on ss Output: ss.b, ss.c, NULL::integer -> Sort Output: rls_tbl_1.b, rls_tbl_1.c, rls_tbl_1.a Sort Key: rls_tbl_1.a -> Seq Scan on regress_rls_schema.rls_tbl rls_tbl_1 Output: rls_tbl_1.b, rls_tbl_1.c, rls_tbl_1.a Filter: (rls_tbl_1.* >= '(1,1,1)'::record) (9 rows) INSERT INTO rls_tbl SELECT * FROM (SELECT b, c FROM rls_tbl ORDER BY a) ss; SELECT * FROM rls_tbl; a | b | c ----+----+---- 10 | 20 | 30 20 | 30 | (2 rows) DROP TABLE rls_tbl; RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION; -- -- Clean up objects -- RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION; DROP SCHEMA regress_rls_schema CASCADE; NOTICE: drop cascades to 29 other objects DETAIL: drop cascades to function f_leak(text) drop cascades to table uaccount drop cascades to table category drop cascades to table document drop cascades to table part_document drop cascades to table dependent drop cascades to table rec1 drop cascades to table rec2 drop cascades to view rec1v drop cascades to view rec2v drop cascades to table s1 drop cascades to table s2 drop cascades to view v2 drop cascades to table b1 drop cascades to view bv1 drop cascades to table z1 drop cascades to table z2 drop cascades to table x1 drop cascades to table y1 drop cascades to table y2 drop cascades to table t1 drop cascades to table t2 drop cascades to table t3 drop cascades to table t4 drop cascades to table current_check drop cascades to table dep1 drop cascades to table dep2 drop cascades to table dob_t1 drop cascades to table dob_t2 DROP USER regress_rls_alice; DROP USER regress_rls_bob; DROP USER regress_rls_carol; DROP USER regress_rls_dave; DROP USER regress_rls_exempt_user; DROP ROLE regress_rls_group1; DROP ROLE regress_rls_group2; -- Arrange to have a few policies left over, for testing -- pg_dump/pg_restore CREATE SCHEMA regress_rls_schema; CREATE TABLE rls_tbl (c1 int); ALTER TABLE rls_tbl ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; CREATE POLICY p1 ON rls_tbl USING (c1 > 5); CREATE POLICY p2 ON rls_tbl FOR SELECT USING (c1 <= 3); CREATE POLICY p3 ON rls_tbl FOR UPDATE USING (c1 <= 3) WITH CHECK (c1 > 5); CREATE POLICY p4 ON rls_tbl FOR DELETE USING (c1 <= 3); CREATE TABLE rls_tbl_force (c1 int); ALTER TABLE rls_tbl_force ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; ALTER TABLE rls_tbl_force FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; CREATE POLICY p1 ON rls_tbl_force USING (c1 = 5) WITH CHECK (c1 < 5); CREATE POLICY p2 ON rls_tbl_force FOR SELECT USING (c1 = 8); CREATE POLICY p3 ON rls_tbl_force FOR UPDATE USING (c1 = 8) WITH CHECK (c1 >= 5); CREATE POLICY p4 ON rls_tbl_force FOR DELETE USING (c1 = 8);