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author | Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org> | 2024-05-04 12:15:05 +0000 |
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committer | Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org> | 2024-05-04 12:15:05 +0000 |
commit | 46651ce6fe013220ed397add242004d764fc0153 (patch) | |
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Adding upstream version 14.5.upstream/14.5upstream
Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>
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diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/functions-srf.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/functions-srf.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..56fe7dc --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/functions-srf.html @@ -0,0 +1,218 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>9.25. Set Returning Functions</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><link rel="prev" href="functions-comparisons.html" title="9.24. Row and Array Comparisons" /><link rel="next" href="functions-info.html" title="9.26. System Information Functions and Operators" /></head><body id="docContent" class="container-fluid col-10"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">9.25. Set Returning Functions</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="functions-comparisons.html" title="9.24. Row and Array Comparisons">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="functions.html" title="Chapter 9. Functions and Operators">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 9. Functions and Operators</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 14.5 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="functions-info.html" title="9.26. System Information Functions and Operators">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="FUNCTIONS-SRF"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">9.25. Set Returning Functions</h2></div></div></div><a id="id-1.5.8.31.2" class="indexterm"></a><p> + This section describes functions that possibly return more than one row. + The most widely used functions in this class are series generating + functions, as detailed in <a class="xref" href="functions-srf.html#FUNCTIONS-SRF-SERIES" title="Table 9.63. Series Generating Functions">Table 9.63</a> and + <a class="xref" href="functions-srf.html#FUNCTIONS-SRF-SUBSCRIPTS" title="Table 9.64. Subscript Generating Functions">Table 9.64</a>. Other, more specialized + set-returning functions are described elsewhere in this manual. + See <a class="xref" href="queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-TABLEFUNCTIONS" title="7.2.1.4. Table Functions">Section 7.2.1.4</a> for ways to combine multiple + set-returning functions. + </p><div class="table" id="FUNCTIONS-SRF-SERIES"><p class="title"><strong>Table 9.63. Series Generating Functions</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Series Generating Functions" border="1"><colgroup><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + Function + </p> + <p> + Description + </p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + <a id="id-1.5.8.31.4.2.2.1.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a> + <code class="function">generate_series</code> ( <em class="parameter"><code>start</code></em> <code class="type">integer</code>, <em class="parameter"><code>stop</code></em> <code class="type">integer</code> [<span class="optional">, <em class="parameter"><code>step</code></em> <code class="type">integer</code> </span>] ) + → <code class="returnvalue">setof integer</code> + </p> + <p class="func_signature"> + <code class="function">generate_series</code> ( <em class="parameter"><code>start</code></em> <code class="type">bigint</code>, <em class="parameter"><code>stop</code></em> <code class="type">bigint</code> [<span class="optional">, <em class="parameter"><code>step</code></em> <code class="type">bigint</code> </span>] ) + → <code class="returnvalue">setof bigint</code> + </p> + <p class="func_signature"> + <code class="function">generate_series</code> ( <em class="parameter"><code>start</code></em> <code class="type">numeric</code>, <em class="parameter"><code>stop</code></em> <code class="type">numeric</code> [<span class="optional">, <em class="parameter"><code>step</code></em> <code class="type">numeric</code> </span>] ) + → <code class="returnvalue">setof numeric</code> + </p> + <p> + Generates a series of values from <em class="parameter"><code>start</code></em> + to <em class="parameter"><code>stop</code></em>, with a step size + of <em class="parameter"><code>step</code></em>. <em class="parameter"><code>step</code></em> + defaults to 1. + </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + <code class="function">generate_series</code> ( <em class="parameter"><code>start</code></em> <code class="type">timestamp</code>, <em class="parameter"><code>stop</code></em> <code class="type">timestamp</code>, <em class="parameter"><code>step</code></em> <code class="type">interval</code> ) + → <code class="returnvalue">setof timestamp</code> + </p> + <p class="func_signature"> + <code class="function">generate_series</code> ( <em class="parameter"><code>start</code></em> <code class="type">timestamp with time zone</code>, <em class="parameter"><code>stop</code></em> <code class="type">timestamp with time zone</code>, <em class="parameter"><code>step</code></em> <code class="type">interval</code> ) + → <code class="returnvalue">setof timestamp with time zone</code> + </p> + <p> + Generates a series of values from <em class="parameter"><code>start</code></em> + to <em class="parameter"><code>stop</code></em>, with a step size + of <em class="parameter"><code>step</code></em>. + </p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p> + When <em class="parameter"><code>step</code></em> is positive, zero rows are returned if + <em class="parameter"><code>start</code></em> is greater than <em class="parameter"><code>stop</code></em>. + Conversely, when <em class="parameter"><code>step</code></em> is negative, zero rows are + returned if <em class="parameter"><code>start</code></em> is less than <em class="parameter"><code>stop</code></em>. + Zero rows are also returned if any input is <code class="literal">NULL</code>. + It is an error + for <em class="parameter"><code>step</code></em> to be zero. Some examples follow: +</p><pre class="programlisting"> +SELECT * FROM generate_series(2,4); + generate_series +----------------- + 2 + 3 + 4 +(3 rows) + +SELECT * FROM generate_series(5,1,-2); + generate_series +----------------- + 5 + 3 + 1 +(3 rows) + +SELECT * FROM generate_series(4,3); + generate_series +----------------- +(0 rows) + +SELECT generate_series(1.1, 4, 1.3); + generate_series +----------------- + 1.1 + 2.4 + 3.7 +(3 rows) + +-- this example relies on the date-plus-integer operator: +SELECT current_date + s.a AS dates FROM generate_series(0,14,7) AS s(a); + dates +------------ + 2004-02-05 + 2004-02-12 + 2004-02-19 +(3 rows) + +SELECT * FROM generate_series('2008-03-01 00:00'::timestamp, + '2008-03-04 12:00', '10 hours'); + generate_series +--------------------- + 2008-03-01 00:00:00 + 2008-03-01 10:00:00 + 2008-03-01 20:00:00 + 2008-03-02 06:00:00 + 2008-03-02 16:00:00 + 2008-03-03 02:00:00 + 2008-03-03 12:00:00 + 2008-03-03 22:00:00 + 2008-03-04 08:00:00 +(9 rows) +</pre><p> + </p><div class="table" id="FUNCTIONS-SRF-SUBSCRIPTS"><p class="title"><strong>Table 9.64. Subscript Generating Functions</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Subscript Generating Functions" border="1"><colgroup><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + Function + </p> + <p> + Description + </p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + <a id="id-1.5.8.31.6.2.2.1.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a> + <code class="function">generate_subscripts</code> ( <em class="parameter"><code>array</code></em> <code class="type">anyarray</code>, <em class="parameter"><code>dim</code></em> <code class="type">integer</code> ) + → <code class="returnvalue">setof integer</code> + </p> + <p> + Generates a series comprising the valid subscripts of + the <em class="parameter"><code>dim</code></em>'th dimension of the given array. + </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + <code class="function">generate_subscripts</code> ( <em class="parameter"><code>array</code></em> <code class="type">anyarray</code>, <em class="parameter"><code>dim</code></em> <code class="type">integer</code>, <em class="parameter"><code>reverse</code></em> <code class="type">boolean</code> ) + → <code class="returnvalue">setof integer</code> + </p> + <p> + Generates a series comprising the valid subscripts of + the <em class="parameter"><code>dim</code></em>'th dimension of the given array. + When <em class="parameter"><code>reverse</code></em> is true, returns the series in + reverse order. + </p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p> + <code class="function">generate_subscripts</code> is a convenience function that generates + the set of valid subscripts for the specified dimension of the given + array. + Zero rows are returned for arrays that do not have the requested dimension, + or if any input is <code class="literal">NULL</code>. + Some examples follow: +</p><pre class="programlisting"> +-- basic usage: +SELECT generate_subscripts('{NULL,1,NULL,2}'::int[], 1) AS s; + s +--- + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +(4 rows) + +-- presenting an array, the subscript and the subscripted +-- value requires a subquery: +SELECT * FROM arrays; + a +-------------------- + {-1,-2} + {100,200,300} +(2 rows) + +SELECT a AS array, s AS subscript, a[s] AS value +FROM (SELECT generate_subscripts(a, 1) AS s, a FROM arrays) foo; + array | subscript | value +---------------+-----------+------- + {-1,-2} | 1 | -1 + {-1,-2} | 2 | -2 + {100,200,300} | 1 | 100 + {100,200,300} | 2 | 200 + {100,200,300} | 3 | 300 +(5 rows) + +-- unnest a 2D array: +CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION unnest2(anyarray) +RETURNS SETOF anyelement AS $$ +select $1[i][j] + from generate_subscripts($1,1) g1(i), + generate_subscripts($1,2) g2(j); +$$ LANGUAGE sql IMMUTABLE; +CREATE FUNCTION +SELECT * FROM unnest2(ARRAY[[1,2],[3,4]]); + unnest2 +--------- + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +(4 rows) +</pre><p> + </p><a id="id-1.5.8.31.8" class="indexterm"></a><p> + When a function in the <code class="literal">FROM</code> clause is suffixed + by <code class="literal">WITH ORDINALITY</code>, a <code class="type">bigint</code> column is + appended to the function's output column(s), which starts from 1 and + increments by 1 for each row of the function's output. + This is most useful in the case of set returning + functions such as <code class="function">unnest()</code>. + +</p><pre class="programlisting"> +-- set returning function WITH ORDINALITY: +SELECT * FROM pg_ls_dir('.') WITH ORDINALITY AS t(ls,n); + ls | n +-----------------+---- + pg_serial | 1 + pg_twophase | 2 + postmaster.opts | 3 + pg_notify | 4 + postgresql.conf | 5 + pg_tblspc | 6 + logfile | 7 + base | 8 + postmaster.pid | 9 + pg_ident.conf | 10 + global | 11 + pg_xact | 12 + pg_snapshots | 13 + pg_multixact | 14 + PG_VERSION | 15 + pg_wal | 16 + pg_hba.conf | 17 + pg_stat_tmp | 18 + pg_subtrans | 19 +(19 rows) +</pre><p> + </p></div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navfooter"><hr></hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="functions-comparisons.html" title="9.24. Row and Array Comparisons">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="functions.html" title="Chapter 9. Functions and Operators">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="functions-info.html" title="9.26. 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