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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>B.7. Julian Dates</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><link rel="prev" href="datetime-units-history.html" title="B.6. History of Units" /><link rel="next" href="sql-keywords-appendix.html" title="Appendix C. SQL Key Words" /></head><body id="docContent" class="container-fluid col-10"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">B.7. Julian Dates</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="datetime-units-history.html" title="B.6. History of Units">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="datetime-appendix.html" title="Appendix B. Date/Time Support">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Appendix B. Date/Time Support</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 14.5 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="sql-keywords-appendix.html" title="Appendix C. SQL Key Words">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="DATETIME-JULIAN-DATES"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">B.7. Julian Dates</h2></div></div></div><a id="id-1.11.3.10.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>
The <em class="firstterm">Julian Date</em> system is a method for
numbering days. It is
unrelated to the Julian calendar, though it is confusingly
named similarly to that calendar.
The Julian Date system was invented by the French scholar
Joseph Justus Scaliger (1540–1609)
and probably takes its name from Scaliger's father,
the Italian scholar Julius Caesar Scaliger (1484–1558).
</p><p>
In the Julian Date system, each day has a sequential number, starting
from JD 0 (which is sometimes called <span class="emphasis"><em>the</em></span> Julian Date).
JD 0 corresponds to 1 January 4713 BC in the Julian calendar, or
24 November 4714 BC in the Gregorian calendar. Julian Date counting
is most often used by astronomers for labeling their nightly observations,
and therefore a date runs from noon UTC to the next noon UTC, rather than
from midnight to midnight: JD 0 designates the 24 hours from noon UTC on
24 November 4714 BC to noon UTC on 25 November 4714 BC.
</p><p>
Although <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> supports Julian Date notation for
input and output of dates (and also uses Julian dates for some internal
datetime calculations), it does not observe the nicety of having dates
run from noon to noon. <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> treats a Julian Date
as running from local midnight to local midnight, the same as a normal
date.
</p><p>
This definition does, however, provide a way to obtain the astronomical
definition when you need it: do the arithmetic in time
zone <code class="literal">UTC+12</code>. For example,
</p><pre class="programlisting">
=> SELECT extract(julian from '2021-06-23 7:00:00-04'::timestamptz at time zone 'UTC+12');
extract
------------------------------
2459388.95833333333333333333
(1 row)
=> SELECT extract(julian from '2021-06-23 8:00:00-04'::timestamptz at time zone 'UTC+12');
extract
--------------------------------------
2459389.0000000000000000000000000000
(1 row)
=> SELECT extract(julian from date '2021-06-23');
extract
---------
2459389
(1 row)
</pre><p>
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