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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>34.14. Event System</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><link rel="prev" href="libpq-notice-processing.html" title="34.13. Notice Processing" /><link rel="next" href="libpq-envars.html" title="34.15. Environment Variables" /></head><body id="docContent" class="container-fluid col-10"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">34.14. Event System</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="libpq-notice-processing.html" title="34.13. Notice Processing">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="libpq.html" title="Chapter 34. libpq — C Library">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 34. <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">libpq</span> — C Library</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 14.5 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="libpq-envars.html" title="34.15. Environment Variables">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="LIBPQ-EVENTS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">34.14. Event System</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="libpq-events.html#LIBPQ-EVENTS-TYPES">34.14.1. Event Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="libpq-events.html#LIBPQ-EVENTS-PROC">34.14.2. Event Callback Procedure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="libpq-events.html#LIBPQ-EVENTS-FUNCS">34.14.3. Event Support Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="libpq-events.html#LIBPQ-EVENTS-EXAMPLE">34.14.4. Event Example</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>
<span class="application">libpq</span>'s event system is designed to notify
registered event handlers about interesting
<span class="application">libpq</span> events, such as the creation or
destruction of <code class="structname">PGconn</code> and
<code class="structname">PGresult</code> objects. A principal use case is that
this allows applications to associate their own data with a
<code class="structname">PGconn</code> or <code class="structname">PGresult</code>
and ensure that that data is freed at an appropriate time.
</p><p>
Each registered event handler is associated with two pieces of data,
known to <span class="application">libpq</span> only as opaque <code class="literal">void *</code>
pointers. There is a <em class="firstterm">pass-through</em> pointer that is provided
by the application when the event handler is registered with a
<code class="structname">PGconn</code>. The pass-through pointer never changes for the
life of the <code class="structname">PGconn</code> and all <code class="structname">PGresult</code>s
generated from it; so if used, it must point to long-lived data.
In addition there is an <em class="firstterm">instance data</em> pointer, which starts
out <code class="symbol">NULL</code> in every <code class="structname">PGconn</code> and <code class="structname">PGresult</code>.
This pointer can be manipulated using the
<a class="xref" href="libpq-events.html#LIBPQ-PQINSTANCEDATA"><code class="function">PQinstanceData</code></a>,
<a class="xref" href="libpq-events.html#LIBPQ-PQSETINSTANCEDATA"><code class="function">PQsetInstanceData</code></a>,
<a class="xref" href="libpq-events.html#LIBPQ-PQRESULTINSTANCEDATA"><code class="function">PQresultInstanceData</code></a> and
<code class="function">PQsetResultInstanceData</code> functions. Note that
unlike the pass-through pointer, instance data of a <code class="structname">PGconn</code>
is not automatically inherited by <code class="structname">PGresult</code>s created from
it. <span class="application">libpq</span> does not know what pass-through
and instance data pointers point to (if anything) and will never attempt
to free them — that is the responsibility of the event handler.
</p><div class="sect2" id="LIBPQ-EVENTS-TYPES"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">34.14.1. Event Types</h3></div></div></div><p>
The enum <code class="literal">PGEventId</code> names the types of events handled by
the event system. All its values have names beginning with
<code class="literal">PGEVT</code>. For each event type, there is a corresponding
event info structure that carries the parameters passed to the event
handlers. The event types are:
</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt id="LIBPQ-PGEVT-REGISTER"><span class="term"><code class="literal">PGEVT_REGISTER</code></span></dt><dd><p>
The register event occurs when <a class="xref" href="libpq-events.html#LIBPQ-PQREGISTEREVENTPROC"><code class="function">PQregisterEventProc</code></a>
is called. It is the ideal time to initialize any
<code class="literal">instanceData</code> an event procedure may need. Only one
register event will be fired per event handler per connection. If the
event procedure fails, the registration is aborted.
</p><pre class="synopsis">
typedef struct
{
PGconn *conn;
} PGEventRegister;
</pre><p>
When a <code class="literal">PGEVT_REGISTER</code> event is received, the
<em class="parameter"><code>evtInfo</code></em> pointer should be cast to a
<code class="structname">PGEventRegister *</code>. This structure contains a
<code class="structname">PGconn</code> that should be in the
<code class="literal">CONNECTION_OK</code> status; guaranteed if one calls
<a class="xref" href="libpq-events.html#LIBPQ-PQREGISTEREVENTPROC"><code class="function">PQregisterEventProc</code></a> right after obtaining a good
<code class="structname">PGconn</code>. When returning a failure code, all
cleanup must be performed as no <code class="literal">PGEVT_CONNDESTROY</code>
event will be sent.
</p></dd><dt id="LIBPQ-PGEVT-CONNRESET"><span class="term"><code class="literal">PGEVT_CONNRESET</code></span></dt><dd><p>
The connection reset event is fired on completion of
<a class="xref" href="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-PQRESET"><code class="function">PQreset</code></a> or <code class="function">PQresetPoll</code>. In
both cases, the event is only fired if the reset was successful. If
the event procedure fails, the entire connection reset will fail; the
<code class="structname">PGconn</code> is put into
<code class="literal">CONNECTION_BAD</code> status and
<code class="function">PQresetPoll</code> will return
<code class="literal">PGRES_POLLING_FAILED</code>.
</p><pre class="synopsis">
typedef struct
{
PGconn *conn;
} PGEventConnReset;
</pre><p>
When a <code class="literal">PGEVT_CONNRESET</code> event is received, the
<em class="parameter"><code>evtInfo</code></em> pointer should be cast to a
<code class="structname">PGEventConnReset *</code>. Although the contained
<code class="structname">PGconn</code> was just reset, all event data remains
unchanged. This event should be used to reset/reload/requery any
associated <code class="literal">instanceData</code>. Note that even if the
event procedure fails to process <code class="literal">PGEVT_CONNRESET</code>, it will
still receive a <code class="literal">PGEVT_CONNDESTROY</code> event when the connection
is closed.
</p></dd><dt id="LIBPQ-PGEVT-CONNDESTROY"><span class="term"><code class="literal">PGEVT_CONNDESTROY</code></span></dt><dd><p>
The connection destroy event is fired in response to
<a class="xref" href="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-PQFINISH"><code class="function">PQfinish</code></a>. It is the event procedure's
responsibility to properly clean up its event data as libpq has no
ability to manage this memory. Failure to clean up will lead
to memory leaks.
</p><pre class="synopsis">
typedef struct
{
PGconn *conn;
} PGEventConnDestroy;
</pre><p>
When a <code class="literal">PGEVT_CONNDESTROY</code> event is received, the
<em class="parameter"><code>evtInfo</code></em> pointer should be cast to a
<code class="structname">PGEventConnDestroy *</code>. This event is fired
prior to <a class="xref" href="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-PQFINISH"><code class="function">PQfinish</code></a> performing any other cleanup.
The return value of the event procedure is ignored since there is no
way of indicating a failure from <a class="xref" href="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-PQFINISH"><code class="function">PQfinish</code></a>. Also,
an event procedure failure should not abort the process of cleaning up
unwanted memory.
</p></dd><dt id="LIBPQ-PGEVT-RESULTCREATE"><span class="term"><code class="literal">PGEVT_RESULTCREATE</code></span></dt><dd><p>
The result creation event is fired in response to any query execution
function that generates a result, including
<a class="xref" href="libpq-async.html#LIBPQ-PQGETRESULT"><code class="function">PQgetResult</code></a>. This event will only be fired after
the result has been created successfully.
</p><pre class="synopsis">
typedef struct
{
PGconn *conn;
PGresult *result;
} PGEventResultCreate;
</pre><p>
When a <code class="literal">PGEVT_RESULTCREATE</code> event is received, the
<em class="parameter"><code>evtInfo</code></em> pointer should be cast to a
<code class="structname">PGEventResultCreate *</code>. The
<em class="parameter"><code>conn</code></em> is the connection used to generate the
result. This is the ideal place to initialize any
<code class="literal">instanceData</code> that needs to be associated with the
result. If the event procedure fails, the result will be cleared and
the failure will be propagated. The event procedure must not try to
<a class="xref" href="libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-PQCLEAR"><code class="function">PQclear</code></a> the result object for itself. When returning a
failure code, all cleanup must be performed as no
<code class="literal">PGEVT_RESULTDESTROY</code> event will be sent.
</p></dd><dt id="LIBPQ-PGEVT-RESULTCOPY"><span class="term"><code class="literal">PGEVT_RESULTCOPY</code></span></dt><dd><p>
The result copy event is fired in response to
<a class="xref" href="libpq-misc.html#LIBPQ-PQCOPYRESULT"><code class="function">PQcopyResult</code></a>. This event will only be fired after
the copy is complete. Only event procedures that have
successfully handled the <code class="literal">PGEVT_RESULTCREATE</code>
or <code class="literal">PGEVT_RESULTCOPY</code> event for the source result
will receive <code class="literal">PGEVT_RESULTCOPY</code> events.
</p><pre class="synopsis">
typedef struct
{
const PGresult *src;
PGresult *dest;
} PGEventResultCopy;
</pre><p>
When a <code class="literal">PGEVT_RESULTCOPY</code> event is received, the
<em class="parameter"><code>evtInfo</code></em> pointer should be cast to a
<code class="structname">PGEventResultCopy *</code>. The
<em class="parameter"><code>src</code></em> result is what was copied while the
<em class="parameter"><code>dest</code></em> result is the copy destination. This event
can be used to provide a deep copy of <code class="literal">instanceData</code>,
since <code class="literal">PQcopyResult</code> cannot do that. If the event
procedure fails, the entire copy operation will fail and the
<em class="parameter"><code>dest</code></em> result will be cleared. When returning a
failure code, all cleanup must be performed as no
<code class="literal">PGEVT_RESULTDESTROY</code> event will be sent for the
destination result.
</p></dd><dt id="LIBPQ-PGEVT-RESULTDESTROY"><span class="term"><code class="literal">PGEVT_RESULTDESTROY</code></span></dt><dd><p>
The result destroy event is fired in response to a
<a class="xref" href="libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-PQCLEAR"><code class="function">PQclear</code></a>. It is the event procedure's
responsibility to properly clean up its event data as libpq has no
ability to manage this memory. Failure to clean up will lead
to memory leaks.
</p><pre class="synopsis">
typedef struct
{
PGresult *result;
} PGEventResultDestroy;
</pre><p>
When a <code class="literal">PGEVT_RESULTDESTROY</code> event is received, the
<em class="parameter"><code>evtInfo</code></em> pointer should be cast to a
<code class="structname">PGEventResultDestroy *</code>. This event is fired
prior to <a class="xref" href="libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-PQCLEAR"><code class="function">PQclear</code></a> performing any other cleanup.
The return value of the event procedure is ignored since there is no
way of indicating a failure from <a class="xref" href="libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-PQCLEAR"><code class="function">PQclear</code></a>. Also,
an event procedure failure should not abort the process of cleaning up
unwanted memory.
</p></dd></dl></div></div><div class="sect2" id="LIBPQ-EVENTS-PROC"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">34.14.2. Event Callback Procedure</h3></div></div></div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt id="LIBPQ-PGEVENTPROC"><span class="term"><code class="literal">PGEventProc</code><a id="id-1.7.3.21.5.2.1.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></span></dt><dd><p>
<code class="literal">PGEventProc</code> is a typedef for a pointer to an
event procedure, that is, the user callback function that receives
events from libpq. The signature of an event procedure must be
</p><pre class="synopsis">
int eventproc(PGEventId evtId, void *evtInfo, void *passThrough)
</pre><p>
The <em class="parameter"><code>evtId</code></em> parameter indicates which
<code class="literal">PGEVT</code> event occurred. The
<em class="parameter"><code>evtInfo</code></em> pointer must be cast to the appropriate
structure type to obtain further information about the event.
The <em class="parameter"><code>passThrough</code></em> parameter is the pointer
provided to <a class="xref" href="libpq-events.html#LIBPQ-PQREGISTEREVENTPROC"><code class="function">PQregisterEventProc</code></a> when the event
procedure was registered. The function should return a non-zero value
if it succeeds and zero if it fails.
</p><p>
A particular event procedure can be registered only once in any
<code class="structname">PGconn</code>. This is because the address of the procedure
is used as a lookup key to identify the associated instance data.
</p><div class="caution"><h3 class="title">Caution</h3><p>
On Windows, functions can have two different addresses: one visible
from outside a DLL and another visible from inside the DLL. One
should be careful that only one of these addresses is used with
<span class="application">libpq</span>'s event-procedure functions, else confusion will
result. The simplest rule for writing code that will work is to
ensure that event procedures are declared <code class="literal">static</code>. If the
procedure's address must be available outside its own source file,
expose a separate function to return the address.
</p></div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="sect2" id="LIBPQ-EVENTS-FUNCS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">34.14.3. Event Support Functions</h3></div></div></div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt id="LIBPQ-PQREGISTEREVENTPROC"><span class="term"><code class="function">PQregisterEventProc</code><a id="id-1.7.3.21.6.2.1.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></span></dt><dd><p>
Registers an event callback procedure with libpq.
</p><pre class="synopsis">
int PQregisterEventProc(PGconn *conn, PGEventProc proc,
const char *name, void *passThrough);
</pre><p>
</p><p>
An event procedure must be registered once on each
<code class="structname">PGconn</code> you want to receive events about. There is no
limit, other than memory, on the number of event procedures that
can be registered with a connection. The function returns a non-zero
value if it succeeds and zero if it fails.
</p><p>
The <em class="parameter"><code>proc</code></em> argument will be called when a libpq
event is fired. Its memory address is also used to lookup
<code class="literal">instanceData</code>. The <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em>
argument is used to refer to the event procedure in error messages.
This value cannot be <code class="symbol">NULL</code> or a zero-length string. The name string is
copied into the <code class="structname">PGconn</code>, so what is passed need not be
long-lived. The <em class="parameter"><code>passThrough</code></em> pointer is passed
to the <em class="parameter"><code>proc</code></em> whenever an event occurs. This
argument can be <code class="symbol">NULL</code>.
</p></dd><dt id="LIBPQ-PQSETINSTANCEDATA"><span class="term"><code class="function">PQsetInstanceData</code><a id="id-1.7.3.21.6.2.2.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></span></dt><dd><p>
Sets the connection <em class="parameter"><code>conn</code></em>'s <code class="literal">instanceData</code>
for procedure <em class="parameter"><code>proc</code></em> to <em class="parameter"><code>data</code></em>. This
returns non-zero for success and zero for failure. (Failure is
only possible if <em class="parameter"><code>proc</code></em> has not been properly
registered in <em class="parameter"><code>conn</code></em>.)
</p><pre class="synopsis">
int PQsetInstanceData(PGconn *conn, PGEventProc proc, void *data);
</pre><p>
</p></dd><dt id="LIBPQ-PQINSTANCEDATA"><span class="term"><code class="function">PQinstanceData</code><a id="id-1.7.3.21.6.2.3.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></span></dt><dd><p>
Returns the
connection <em class="parameter"><code>conn</code></em>'s <code class="literal">instanceData</code>
associated with procedure <em class="parameter"><code>proc</code></em>,
or <code class="symbol">NULL</code> if there is none.
</p><pre class="synopsis">
void *PQinstanceData(const PGconn *conn, PGEventProc proc);
</pre><p>
</p></dd><dt id="LIBPQ-PQRESULTSETINSTANCEDATA"><span class="term"><code class="function">PQresultSetInstanceData</code><a id="id-1.7.3.21.6.2.4.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></span></dt><dd><p>
Sets the result's <code class="literal">instanceData</code>
for <em class="parameter"><code>proc</code></em> to <em class="parameter"><code>data</code></em>. This returns
non-zero for success and zero for failure. (Failure is only
possible if <em class="parameter"><code>proc</code></em> has not been properly registered
in the result.)
</p><pre class="synopsis">
int PQresultSetInstanceData(PGresult *res, PGEventProc proc, void *data);
</pre><p>
</p><p>
Beware that any storage represented by <em class="parameter"><code>data</code></em>
will not be accounted for by <a class="xref" href="libpq-misc.html#LIBPQ-PQRESULTMEMORYSIZE"><code class="function">PQresultMemorySize</code></a>,
unless it is allocated using <a class="xref" href="libpq-misc.html#LIBPQ-PQRESULTALLOC"><code class="function">PQresultAlloc</code></a>.
(Doing so is recommendable because it eliminates the need to free
such storage explicitly when the result is destroyed.)
</p></dd><dt id="LIBPQ-PQRESULTINSTANCEDATA"><span class="term"><code class="function">PQresultInstanceData</code><a id="id-1.7.3.21.6.2.5.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></span></dt><dd><p>
Returns the result's <code class="literal">instanceData</code> associated with <em class="parameter"><code>proc</code></em>, or <code class="symbol">NULL</code>
if there is none.
</p><pre class="synopsis">
void *PQresultInstanceData(const PGresult *res, PGEventProc proc);
</pre><p>
</p></dd></dl></div></div><div class="sect2" id="LIBPQ-EVENTS-EXAMPLE"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">34.14.4. Event Example</h3></div></div></div><p>
Here is a skeleton example of managing private data associated with
libpq connections and results.
</p><pre class="programlisting">
/* required header for libpq events (note: includes libpq-fe.h) */
#include <libpq-events.h>
/* The instanceData */
typedef struct
{
int n;
char *str;
} mydata;
/* PGEventProc */
static int myEventProc(PGEventId evtId, void *evtInfo, void *passThrough);
int
main(void)
{
mydata *data;
PGresult *res;
PGconn *conn =
PQconnectdb("dbname=postgres options=-csearch_path=");
if (PQstatus(conn) != CONNECTION_OK)
{
/* PQerrorMessage's result includes a trailing newline */
fprintf(stderr, "%s", PQerrorMessage(conn));
PQfinish(conn);
return 1;
}
/* called once on any connection that should receive events.
* Sends a PGEVT_REGISTER to myEventProc.
*/
if (!PQregisterEventProc(conn, myEventProc, "mydata_proc", NULL))
{
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot register PGEventProc\n");
PQfinish(conn);
return 1;
}
/* conn instanceData is available */
data = PQinstanceData(conn, myEventProc);
/* Sends a PGEVT_RESULTCREATE to myEventProc */
res = PQexec(conn, "SELECT 1 + 1");
/* result instanceData is available */
data = PQresultInstanceData(res, myEventProc);
/* If PG_COPYRES_EVENTS is used, sends a PGEVT_RESULTCOPY to myEventProc */
res_copy = PQcopyResult(res, PG_COPYRES_TUPLES | PG_COPYRES_EVENTS);
/* result instanceData is available if PG_COPYRES_EVENTS was
* used during the PQcopyResult call.
*/
data = PQresultInstanceData(res_copy, myEventProc);
/* Both clears send a PGEVT_RESULTDESTROY to myEventProc */
PQclear(res);
PQclear(res_copy);
/* Sends a PGEVT_CONNDESTROY to myEventProc */
PQfinish(conn);
return 0;
}
static int
myEventProc(PGEventId evtId, void *evtInfo, void *passThrough)
{
switch (evtId)
{
case PGEVT_REGISTER:
{
PGEventRegister *e = (PGEventRegister *)evtInfo;
mydata *data = get_mydata(e->conn);
/* associate app specific data with connection */
PQsetInstanceData(e->conn, myEventProc, data);
break;
}
case PGEVT_CONNRESET:
{
PGEventConnReset *e = (PGEventConnReset *)evtInfo;
mydata *data = PQinstanceData(e->conn, myEventProc);
if (data)
memset(data, 0, sizeof(mydata));
break;
}
case PGEVT_CONNDESTROY:
{
PGEventConnDestroy *e = (PGEventConnDestroy *)evtInfo;
mydata *data = PQinstanceData(e->conn, myEventProc);
/* free instance data because the conn is being destroyed */
if (data)
free_mydata(data);
break;
}
case PGEVT_RESULTCREATE:
{
PGEventResultCreate *e = (PGEventResultCreate *)evtInfo;
mydata *conn_data = PQinstanceData(e->conn, myEventProc);
mydata *res_data = dup_mydata(conn_data);
/* associate app specific data with result (copy it from conn) */
PQsetResultInstanceData(e->result, myEventProc, res_data);
break;
}
case PGEVT_RESULTCOPY:
{
PGEventResultCopy *e = (PGEventResultCopy *)evtInfo;
mydata *src_data = PQresultInstanceData(e->src, myEventProc);
mydata *dest_data = dup_mydata(src_data);
/* associate app specific data with result (copy it from a result) */
PQsetResultInstanceData(e->dest, myEventProc, dest_data);
break;
}
case PGEVT_RESULTDESTROY:
{
PGEventResultDestroy *e = (PGEventResultDestroy *)evtInfo;
mydata *data = PQresultInstanceData(e->result, myEventProc);
/* free instance data because the result is being destroyed */
if (data)
free_mydata(data);
break;
}
/* unknown event ID, just return true. */
default:
break;
}
return true; /* event processing succeeded */
}
</pre></div></div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navfooter"><hr></hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="libpq-notice-processing.html" title="34.13. Notice Processing">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="libpq.html" title="Chapter 34. libpq — C Library">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="libpq-envars.html" title="34.15. Environment Variables">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">34.13. Notice Processing </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 14.5 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> 34.15. Environment Variables</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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