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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>CLUSTER</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><link rel="prev" href="sql-close.html" title="CLOSE" /><link rel="next" href="sql-comment.html" title="COMMENT" /></head><body id="docContent" class="container-fluid col-10"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">CLUSTER</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="sql-close.html" title="CLOSE">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="sql-commands.html" title="SQL Commands">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">SQL Commands</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 14.5 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="sql-comment.html" title="COMMENT">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="SQL-CLUSTER"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.3.51.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle">CLUSTER</span></h2><p>CLUSTER — cluster a table according to an index</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><pre class="synopsis">
CLUSTER [VERBOSE] <em class="replaceable"><code>table_name</code></em> [ USING <em class="replaceable"><code>index_name</code></em> ]
CLUSTER ( <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em> [, ...] ) <em class="replaceable"><code>table_name</code></em> [ USING <em class="replaceable"><code>index_name</code></em> ]
CLUSTER [VERBOSE]
<span class="phrase">where <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em> can be one of:</span>
VERBOSE [ <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> ]
</pre></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.3.51.5"><h2>Description</h2><p>
<code class="command">CLUSTER</code> instructs <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span>
to cluster the table specified
by <em class="replaceable"><code>table_name</code></em>
based on the index specified by
<em class="replaceable"><code>index_name</code></em>. The index must
already have been defined on
<em class="replaceable"><code>table_name</code></em>.
</p><p>
When a table is clustered, it is physically reordered
based on the index information. Clustering is a one-time operation:
when the table is subsequently updated, the changes are
not clustered. That is, no attempt is made to store new or
updated rows according to their index order. (If one wishes, one can
periodically recluster by issuing the command again. Also, setting
the table's <code class="literal">fillfactor</code> storage parameter to less than
100% can aid in preserving cluster ordering during updates, since updated
rows are kept on the same page if enough space is available there.)
</p><p>
When a table is clustered, <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span>
remembers which index it was clustered by. The form
<code class="command">CLUSTER <em class="replaceable"><code>table_name</code></em></code>
reclusters the table using the same index as before. You can also
use the <code class="literal">CLUSTER</code> or <code class="literal">SET WITHOUT CLUSTER</code>
forms of <a class="link" href="sql-altertable.html" title="ALTER TABLE"><code class="command">ALTER TABLE</code></a> to set the index to be used for
future cluster operations, or to clear any previous setting.
</p><p>
<code class="command">CLUSTER</code> without any parameter reclusters all the
previously-clustered tables in the current database that the calling user
owns, or all such tables if called by a superuser. This
form of <code class="command">CLUSTER</code> cannot be executed inside a transaction
block.
</p><p>
When a table is being clustered, an <code class="literal">ACCESS
EXCLUSIVE</code> lock is acquired on it. This prevents any other
database operations (both reads and writes) from operating on the
table until the <code class="command">CLUSTER</code> is finished.
</p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.3.51.6"><h2>Parameters</h2><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><em class="replaceable"><code>table_name</code></em></span></dt><dd><p>
The name (possibly schema-qualified) of a table.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><em class="replaceable"><code>index_name</code></em></span></dt><dd><p>
The name of an index.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">VERBOSE</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Prints a progress report as each table is clustered.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em></span></dt><dd><p>
Specifies whether the selected option should be turned on or off.
You can write <code class="literal">TRUE</code>, <code class="literal">ON</code>, or
<code class="literal">1</code> to enable the option, and <code class="literal">FALSE</code>,
<code class="literal">OFF</code>, or <code class="literal">0</code> to disable it. The
<em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> value can also
be omitted, in which case <code class="literal">TRUE</code> is assumed.
</p></dd></dl></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.3.51.7"><h2>Notes</h2><p>
In cases where you are accessing single rows randomly
within a table, the actual order of the data in the
table is unimportant. However, if you tend to access some
data more than others, and there is an index that groups
them together, you will benefit from using <code class="command">CLUSTER</code>.
If you are requesting a range of indexed values from a table, or a
single indexed value that has multiple rows that match,
<code class="command">CLUSTER</code> will help because once the index identifies the
table page for the first row that matches, all other rows
that match are probably already on the same table page,
and so you save disk accesses and speed up the query.
</p><p>
<code class="command">CLUSTER</code> can re-sort the table using either an index scan
on the specified index, or (if the index is a b-tree) a sequential
scan followed by sorting. It will attempt to choose the method that
will be faster, based on planner cost parameters and available statistical
information.
</p><p>
When an index scan is used, a temporary copy of the table is created that
contains the table data in the index order. Temporary copies of each
index on the table are created as well. Therefore, you need free space on
disk at least equal to the sum of the table size and the index sizes.
</p><p>
When a sequential scan and sort is used, a temporary sort file is
also created, so that the peak temporary space requirement is as much
as double the table size, plus the index sizes. This method is often
faster than the index scan method, but if the disk space requirement is
intolerable, you can disable this choice by temporarily setting <a class="xref" href="runtime-config-query.html#GUC-ENABLE-SORT">enable_sort</a> to <code class="literal">off</code>.
</p><p>
It is advisable to set <a class="xref" href="runtime-config-resource.html#GUC-MAINTENANCE-WORK-MEM">maintenance_work_mem</a> to
a reasonably large value (but not more than the amount of RAM you can
dedicate to the <code class="command">CLUSTER</code> operation) before clustering.
</p><p>
Because the planner records statistics about the ordering of
tables, it is advisable to run <a class="link" href="sql-analyze.html" title="ANALYZE"><code class="command">ANALYZE</code></a>
on the newly clustered table.
Otherwise, the planner might make poor choices of query plans.
</p><p>
Because <code class="command">CLUSTER</code> remembers which indexes are clustered,
one can cluster the tables one wants clustered manually the first time,
then set up a periodic maintenance script that executes
<code class="command">CLUSTER</code> without any parameters, so that the desired tables
are periodically reclustered.
</p><p>
Each backend running <code class="command">CLUSTER</code> will report its progress
in the <code class="structname">pg_stat_progress_cluster</code> view. See
<a class="xref" href="progress-reporting.html#CLUSTER-PROGRESS-REPORTING" title="28.4.4. CLUSTER Progress Reporting">Section 28.4.4</a> for details.
</p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.3.51.8"><h2>Examples</h2><p>
Cluster the table <code class="literal">employees</code> on the basis of
its index <code class="literal">employees_ind</code>:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
CLUSTER employees USING employees_ind;
</pre><p>
</p><p>
Cluster the <code class="literal">employees</code> table using the same
index that was used before:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
CLUSTER employees;
</pre><p>
</p><p>
Cluster all tables in the database that have previously been clustered:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
CLUSTER;
</pre></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.3.51.9"><h2>Compatibility</h2><p>
There is no <code class="command">CLUSTER</code> statement in the SQL standard.
</p><p>
The syntax
</p><pre class="synopsis">
CLUSTER <em class="replaceable"><code>index_name</code></em> ON <em class="replaceable"><code>table_name</code></em>
</pre><p>
is also supported for compatibility with pre-8.3 <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span>
versions.
</p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.3.51.10"><h2>See Also</h2><span class="simplelist"><a class="xref" href="app-clusterdb.html" title="clusterdb"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">clusterdb</span></span></a>, <a class="xref" href="progress-reporting.html#CLUSTER-PROGRESS-REPORTING" title="28.4.4. CLUSTER Progress Reporting">Section 28.4.4</a></span></div></div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navfooter"><hr></hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="sql-close.html" title="CLOSE">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="sql-commands.html" title="SQL Commands">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="sql-comment.html" title="COMMENT">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">CLOSE </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 14.5 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> COMMENT</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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