Adding upstream version 15.5.upstream/15.5

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

16 files changed, 13856 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/fe_utils/.gitignore b/src/fe_utils/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..37f5f75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fe_utils/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/psqlscan.c
diff --git a/src/fe_utils/Makefile b/src/fe_utils/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..44bc7a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fe_utils/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#
+# Makefile for src/fe_utils
+#
+# This makefile generates a static library, libpgfeutils.a,
+# for use by client applications
+#
+# Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2022, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+# Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+#
+# IDENTIFICATION
+#    src/fe_utils/Makefile
+#
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+subdir = src/fe_utils
+top_builddir = ../..
+include $(top_builddir)/src/Makefile.global
+
+override CPPFLAGS := -DFRONTEND -I$(libpq_srcdir) $(CPPFLAGS)
+
+OBJS = \
+	archive.o \
+	cancel.o \
+	conditional.o \
+	connect_utils.o \
+	mbprint.o \
+	option_utils.o \
+	parallel_slot.o \
+	print.o \
+	psqlscan.o \
+	query_utils.o \
+	recovery_gen.o \
+	simple_list.o \
+	string_utils.o
+
+all: libpgfeutils.a
+
+libpgfeutils.a: $(OBJS)
+	rm -f $@
+	$(AR) $(AROPT) $@ $^
+
+psqlscan.c: FLEXFLAGS = -Cfe -p -p
+psqlscan.c: FLEX_NO_BACKUP=yes
+psqlscan.c: FLEX_FIX_WARNING=yes
+
+distprep: psqlscan.c
+
+# libpgfeutils could be useful to contrib, so install it
+install: all installdirs
+	$(INSTALL_STLIB) libpgfeutils.a '$(DESTDIR)$(libdir)/libpgfeutils.a'
+
+installdirs:
+	$(MKDIR_P) '$(DESTDIR)$(libdir)'
+
+uninstall:
+	rm -f '$(DESTDIR)$(libdir)/libpgfeutils.a'
+
+clean distclean:
+	rm -f libpgfeutils.a $(OBJS) lex.backup
+
+# psqlscan.c is supposed to be in the distribution tarball,
+# so do not clean it in the clean/distclean rules
+maintainer-clean: distclean
+	rm -f psqlscan.c
diff --git a/src/fe_utils/archive.c b/src/fe_utils/archive.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53d42c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fe_utils/archive.c
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * archive.c
+ *	  Routines to access WAL archives from frontend
+ *
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2022, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+ *
+ *
+ * IDENTIFICATION
+ *	  src/fe_utils/archive.c
+ *
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+
+#include "postgres_fe.h"
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#include "access/xlog_internal.h"
+#include "common/archive.h"
+#include "common/logging.h"
+#include "fe_utils/archive.h"
+
+
+/*
+ * RestoreArchivedFile
+ *
+ * Attempt to retrieve the specified file from off-line archival storage.
+ * If successful, return a file descriptor of the restored file, else
+ * return -1.
+ *
+ * For fixed-size files, the caller may pass the expected size as an
+ * additional crosscheck on successful recovery.  If the file size is not
+ * known, set expectedSize = 0.
+ */
+int
+RestoreArchivedFile(const char *path, const char *xlogfname,
+					off_t expectedSize, const char *restoreCommand)
+{
+	char		xlogpath[MAXPGPATH];
+	char	   *xlogRestoreCmd;
+	int			rc;
+	struct stat stat_buf;
+
+	snprintf(xlogpath, MAXPGPATH, "%s/" XLOGDIR "/%s", path, xlogfname);
+
+	xlogRestoreCmd = BuildRestoreCommand(restoreCommand, xlogpath,
+										 xlogfname, NULL);
+	if (xlogRestoreCmd == NULL)
+		pg_fatal("cannot use restore_command with %%r placeholder");
+
+	/*
+	 * Execute restore_command, which should copy the missing file from
+	 * archival storage.
+	 */
+	rc = system(xlogRestoreCmd);
+	pfree(xlogRestoreCmd);
+
+	if (rc == 0)
+	{
+		/*
+		 * Command apparently succeeded, but let's make sure the file is
+		 * really there now and has the correct size.
+		 */
+		if (stat(xlogpath, &stat_buf) == 0)
+		{
+			if (expectedSize > 0 && stat_buf.st_size != expectedSize)
+				pg_fatal("unexpected file size for \"%s\": %lld instead of %lld",
+						 xlogfname, (long long int) stat_buf.st_size,
+						 (long long int) expectedSize);
+			else
+			{
+				int			xlogfd = open(xlogpath, O_RDONLY | PG_BINARY, 0);
+
+				if (xlogfd < 0)
+					pg_fatal("could not open file \"%s\" restored from archive: %m",
+							 xlogpath);
+				else
+					return xlogfd;
+			}
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			if (errno != ENOENT)
+				pg_fatal("could not stat file \"%s\": %m",
+						 xlogpath);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If the failure was due to a signal, then it would be misleading to
+	 * return with a failure at restoring the file.  So just bail out and
+	 * exit.  Hard shell errors such as "command not found" are treated as
+	 * fatal too.
+	 */
+	if (wait_result_is_any_signal(rc, true))
+		pg_fatal("restore_command failed: %s",
+				 wait_result_to_str(rc));
+
+	/*
+	 * The file is not available, so just let the caller decide what to do
+	 * next.
+	 */
+	pg_log_error("could not restore file \"%s\" from archive",
+				 xlogfname);
+	return -1;
+}
diff --git a/src/fe_utils/cancel.c b/src/fe_utils/cancel.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d430866
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fe_utils/cancel.c
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * Query cancellation support for frontend code
+ *
+ * Assorted utility functions to control query cancellation with signal
+ * handler for SIGINT.
+ *
+ *
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2022, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+ *
+ * src/fe-utils/cancel.c
+ *
+ *------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+
+#include "postgres_fe.h"
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "common/connect.h"
+#include "fe_utils/cancel.h"
+#include "fe_utils/string_utils.h"
+
+
+/*
+ * Write a simple string to stderr --- must be safe in a signal handler.
+ * We ignore the write() result since there's not much we could do about it.
+ * Certain compilers make that harder than it ought to be.
+ */
+#define write_stderr(str) \
+	do { \
+		const char *str_ = (str); \
+		int		rc_; \
+		rc_ = write(fileno(stderr), str_, strlen(str_)); \
+		(void) rc_; \
+	} while (0)
+
+/*
+ * Contains all the information needed to cancel a query issued from
+ * a database connection to the backend.
+ */
+static PGcancel *volatile cancelConn = NULL;
+
+/*
+ * Predetermined localized error strings --- needed to avoid trying
+ * to call gettext() from a signal handler.
+ */
+static const char *cancel_sent_msg = NULL;
+static const char *cancel_not_sent_msg = NULL;
+
+/*
+ * CancelRequested is set when we receive SIGINT (or local equivalent).
+ * There is no provision in this module for resetting it; but applications
+ * might choose to clear it after successfully recovering from a cancel.
+ * Note that there is no guarantee that we successfully sent a Cancel request,
+ * or that the request will have any effect if we did send it.
+ */
+volatile sig_atomic_t CancelRequested = false;
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+static CRITICAL_SECTION cancelConnLock;
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Additional callback for cancellations.
+ */
+static void (*cancel_callback) (void) = NULL;
+
+
+/*
+ * SetCancelConn
+ *
+ * Set cancelConn to point to the current database connection.
+ */
+void
+SetCancelConn(PGconn *conn)
+{
+	PGcancel   *oldCancelConn;
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+	EnterCriticalSection(&cancelConnLock);
+#endif
+
+	/* Free the old one if we have one */
+	oldCancelConn = cancelConn;
+
+	/* be sure handle_sigint doesn't use pointer while freeing */
+	cancelConn = NULL;
+
+	if (oldCancelConn != NULL)
+		PQfreeCancel(oldCancelConn);
+
+	cancelConn = PQgetCancel(conn);
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+	LeaveCriticalSection(&cancelConnLock);
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * ResetCancelConn
+ *
+ * Free the current cancel connection, if any, and set to NULL.
+ */
+void
+ResetCancelConn(void)
+{
+	PGcancel   *oldCancelConn;
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+	EnterCriticalSection(&cancelConnLock);
+#endif
+
+	oldCancelConn = cancelConn;
+
+	/* be sure handle_sigint doesn't use pointer while freeing */
+	cancelConn = NULL;
+
+	if (oldCancelConn != NULL)
+		PQfreeCancel(oldCancelConn);
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+	LeaveCriticalSection(&cancelConnLock);
+#endif
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Code to support query cancellation
+ *
+ * Note that sending the cancel directly from the signal handler is safe
+ * because PQcancel() is written to make it so.  We use write() to report
+ * to stderr because it's better to use simple facilities in a signal
+ * handler.
+ *
+ * On Windows, the signal canceling happens on a separate thread, because
+ * that's how SetConsoleCtrlHandler works.  The PQcancel function is safe
+ * for this (unlike PQrequestCancel).  However, a CRITICAL_SECTION is required
+ * to protect the PGcancel structure against being changed while the signal
+ * thread is using it.
+ */
+
+#ifndef WIN32
+
+/*
+ * handle_sigint
+ *
+ * Handle interrupt signals by canceling the current command, if cancelConn
+ * is set.
+ */
+static void
+handle_sigint(SIGNAL_ARGS)
+{
+	int			save_errno = errno;
+	char		errbuf[256];
+
+	CancelRequested = true;
+
+	if (cancel_callback != NULL)
+		cancel_callback();
+
+	/* Send QueryCancel if we are processing a database query */
+	if (cancelConn != NULL)
+	{
+		if (PQcancel(cancelConn, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)))
+		{
+			write_stderr(cancel_sent_msg);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			write_stderr(cancel_not_sent_msg);
+			write_stderr(errbuf);
+		}
+	}
+
+	errno = save_errno;			/* just in case the write changed it */
+}
+
+/*
+ * setup_cancel_handler
+ *
+ * Register query cancellation callback for SIGINT.
+ */
+void
+setup_cancel_handler(void (*callback) (void))
+{
+	cancel_callback = callback;
+	cancel_sent_msg = _("Cancel request sent\n");
+	cancel_not_sent_msg = _("Could not send cancel request: ");
+
+	pqsignal(SIGINT, handle_sigint);
+}
+
+#else							/* WIN32 */
+
+static BOOL WINAPI
+consoleHandler(DWORD dwCtrlType)
+{
+	char		errbuf[256];
+
+	if (dwCtrlType == CTRL_C_EVENT ||
+		dwCtrlType == CTRL_BREAK_EVENT)
+	{
+		CancelRequested = true;
+
+		if (cancel_callback != NULL)
+			cancel_callback();
+
+		/* Send QueryCancel if we are processing a database query */
+		EnterCriticalSection(&cancelConnLock);
+		if (cancelConn != NULL)
+		{
+			if (PQcancel(cancelConn, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)))
+			{
+				write_stderr(cancel_sent_msg);
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				write_stderr(cancel_not_sent_msg);
+				write_stderr(errbuf);
+			}
+		}
+
+		LeaveCriticalSection(&cancelConnLock);
+
+		return TRUE;
+	}
+	else
+		/* Return FALSE for any signals not being handled */
+		return FALSE;
+}
+
+void
+setup_cancel_handler(void (*callback) (void))
+{
+	cancel_callback = callback;
+	cancel_sent_msg = _("Cancel request sent\n");
+	cancel_not_sent_msg = _("Could not send cancel request: ");
+
+	InitializeCriticalSection(&cancelConnLock);
+
+	SetConsoleCtrlHandler(consoleHandler, TRUE);
+}
+
+#endif							/* WIN32 */
diff --git a/src/fe_utils/conditional.c b/src/fe_utils/conditional.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a94664
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fe_utils/conditional.c
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * A stack of automaton states to handle nested conditionals.
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2000-2022, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ *
+ * src/fe_utils/conditional.c
+ *
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+#include "postgres_fe.h"
+
+#include "fe_utils/conditional.h"
+
+/*
+ * create stack
+ */
+ConditionalStack
+conditional_stack_create(void)
+{
+	ConditionalStack cstack = pg_malloc(sizeof(ConditionalStackData));
+
+	cstack->head = NULL;
+	return cstack;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Destroy all the elements from the stack. The stack itself is not freed.
+ */
+void
+conditional_stack_reset(ConditionalStack cstack)
+{
+	if (!cstack)
+		return;					/* nothing to do here */
+
+	while (conditional_stack_pop(cstack))
+		continue;
+}
+
+/*
+ * destroy stack
+ */
+void
+conditional_stack_destroy(ConditionalStack cstack)
+{
+	conditional_stack_reset(cstack);
+	free(cstack);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Create a new conditional branch.
+ */
+void
+conditional_stack_push(ConditionalStack cstack, ifState new_state)
+{
+	IfStackElem *p = (IfStackElem *) pg_malloc(sizeof(IfStackElem));
+
+	p->if_state = new_state;
+	p->query_len = -1;
+	p->paren_depth = -1;
+	p->next = cstack->head;
+	cstack->head = p;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Destroy the topmost conditional branch.
+ * Returns false if there was no branch to end.
+ */
+bool
+conditional_stack_pop(ConditionalStack cstack)
+{
+	IfStackElem *p = cstack->head;
+
+	if (!p)
+		return false;
+	cstack->head = cstack->head->next;
+	free(p);
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns current stack depth, for debugging purposes.
+ */
+int
+conditional_stack_depth(ConditionalStack cstack)
+{
+	if (cstack == NULL)
+		return -1;
+	else
+	{
+		IfStackElem *p = cstack->head;
+		int			depth = 0;
+
+		while (p != NULL)
+		{
+			depth++;
+			p = p->next;
+		}
+		return depth;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Fetch the current state of the top of the stack.
+ */
+ifState
+conditional_stack_peek(ConditionalStack cstack)
+{
+	if (conditional_stack_empty(cstack))
+		return IFSTATE_NONE;
+	return cstack->head->if_state;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Change the state of the topmost branch.
+ * Returns false if there was no branch state to set.
+ */
+bool
+conditional_stack_poke(ConditionalStack cstack, ifState new_state)
+{
+	if (conditional_stack_empty(cstack))
+		return false;
+	cstack->head->if_state = new_state;
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * True if there are no active \if-blocks.
+ */
+bool
+conditional_stack_empty(ConditionalStack cstack)
+{
+	return cstack->head == NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * True if we should execute commands normally; that is, the current
+ * conditional branch is active, or there is no open \if block.
+ */
+bool
+conditional_active(ConditionalStack cstack)
+{
+	ifState		s = conditional_stack_peek(cstack);
+
+	return s == IFSTATE_NONE || s == IFSTATE_TRUE || s == IFSTATE_ELSE_TRUE;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Save current query buffer length in topmost stack entry.
+ */
+void
+conditional_stack_set_query_len(ConditionalStack cstack, int len)
+{
+	Assert(!conditional_stack_empty(cstack));
+	cstack->head->query_len = len;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Fetch last-recorded query buffer length from topmost stack entry.
+ * Will return -1 if no stack or it was never saved.
+ */
+int
+conditional_stack_get_query_len(ConditionalStack cstack)
+{
+	if (conditional_stack_empty(cstack))
+		return -1;
+	return cstack->head->query_len;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Save current parenthesis nesting depth in topmost stack entry.
+ */
+void
+conditional_stack_set_paren_depth(ConditionalStack cstack, int depth)
+{
+	Assert(!conditional_stack_empty(cstack));
+	cstack->head->paren_depth = depth;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Fetch last-recorded parenthesis nesting depth from topmost stack entry.
+ * Will return -1 if no stack or it was never saved.
+ */
+int
+conditional_stack_get_paren_depth(ConditionalStack cstack)
+{
+	if (conditional_stack_empty(cstack))
+		return -1;
+	return cstack->head->paren_depth;
+}
diff --git a/src/fe_utils/connect_utils.c b/src/fe_utils/connect_utils.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2e583f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fe_utils/connect_utils.c
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * Facilities for frontend code to connect to and disconnect from databases.
+ *
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2022, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+ *
+ * src/fe_utils/connect_utils.c
+ *
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+#include "postgres_fe.h"
+
+#include "common/connect.h"
+#include "common/logging.h"
+#include "common/string.h"
+#include "fe_utils/connect_utils.h"
+#include "fe_utils/query_utils.h"
+
+/*
+ * Make a database connection with the given parameters.
+ *
+ * An interactive password prompt is automatically issued if needed and
+ * allowed by cparams->prompt_password.
+ *
+ * If allow_password_reuse is true, we will try to re-use any password
+ * given during previous calls to this routine.  (Callers should not pass
+ * allow_password_reuse=true unless reconnecting to the same database+user
+ * as before, else we might create password exposure hazards.)
+ */
+PGconn *
+connectDatabase(const ConnParams *cparams, const char *progname,
+				bool echo, bool fail_ok, bool allow_password_reuse)
+{
+	PGconn	   *conn;
+	bool		new_pass;
+	static char *password = NULL;
+
+	/* Callers must supply at least dbname; other params can be NULL */
+	Assert(cparams->dbname);
+
+	if (!allow_password_reuse && password)
+	{
+		free(password);
+		password = NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (cparams->prompt_password == TRI_YES && password == NULL)
+		password = simple_prompt("Password: ", false);
+
+	/*
+	 * Start the connection.  Loop until we have a password if requested by
+	 * backend.
+	 */
+	do
+	{
+		const char *keywords[8];
+		const char *values[8];
+		int			i = 0;
+
+		/*
+		 * If dbname is a connstring, its entries can override the other
+		 * values obtained from cparams; but in turn, override_dbname can
+		 * override the dbname component of it.
+		 */
+		keywords[i] = "host";
+		values[i++] = cparams->pghost;
+		keywords[i] = "port";
+		values[i++] = cparams->pgport;
+		keywords[i] = "user";
+		values[i++] = cparams->pguser;
+		keywords[i] = "password";
+		values[i++] = password;
+		keywords[i] = "dbname";
+		values[i++] = cparams->dbname;
+		if (cparams->override_dbname)
+		{
+			keywords[i] = "dbname";
+			values[i++] = cparams->override_dbname;
+		}
+		keywords[i] = "fallback_application_name";
+		values[i++] = progname;
+		keywords[i] = NULL;
+		values[i++] = NULL;
+		Assert(i <= lengthof(keywords));
+
+		new_pass = false;
+		conn = PQconnectdbParams(keywords, values, true);
+
+		if (!conn)
+			pg_fatal("could not connect to database %s: out of memory",
+					 cparams->dbname);
+
+		/*
+		 * No luck?  Trying asking (again) for a password.
+		 */
+		if (PQstatus(conn) == CONNECTION_BAD &&
+			PQconnectionNeedsPassword(conn) &&
+			cparams->prompt_password != TRI_NO)
+		{
+			PQfinish(conn);
+			if (password)
+				free(password);
+			password = simple_prompt("Password: ", false);
+			new_pass = true;
+		}
+	} while (new_pass);
+
+	/* check to see that the backend connection was successfully made */
+	if (PQstatus(conn) == CONNECTION_BAD)
+	{
+		if (fail_ok)
+		{
+			PQfinish(conn);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		pg_fatal("%s", PQerrorMessage(conn));
+	}
+
+	/* Start strict; callers may override this. */
+	PQclear(executeQuery(conn, ALWAYS_SECURE_SEARCH_PATH_SQL, echo));
+
+	return conn;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Try to connect to the appropriate maintenance database.
+ *
+ * This differs from connectDatabase only in that it has a rule for
+ * inserting a default "dbname" if none was given (which is why cparams
+ * is not const).  Note that cparams->dbname should typically come from
+ * a --maintenance-db command line parameter.
+ */
+PGconn *
+connectMaintenanceDatabase(ConnParams *cparams,
+						   const char *progname, bool echo)
+{
+	PGconn	   *conn;
+
+	/* If a maintenance database name was specified, just connect to it. */
+	if (cparams->dbname)
+		return connectDatabase(cparams, progname, echo, false, false);
+
+	/* Otherwise, try postgres first and then template1. */
+	cparams->dbname = "postgres";
+	conn = connectDatabase(cparams, progname, echo, true, false);
+	if (!conn)
+	{
+		cparams->dbname = "template1";
+		conn = connectDatabase(cparams, progname, echo, false, false);
+	}
+	return conn;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Disconnect the given connection, canceling any statement if one is active.
+ */
+void
+disconnectDatabase(PGconn *conn)
+{
+	char		errbuf[256];
+
+	Assert(conn != NULL);
+
+	if (PQtransactionStatus(conn) == PQTRANS_ACTIVE)
+	{
+		PGcancel   *cancel;
+
+		if ((cancel = PQgetCancel(conn)))
+		{
+			(void) PQcancel(cancel, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));
+			PQfreeCancel(cancel);
+		}
+	}
+
+	PQfinish(conn);
+}
diff --git a/src/fe_utils/mbprint.c b/src/fe_utils/mbprint.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..067f281
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fe_utils/mbprint.c
@@ -0,0 +1,405 @@
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * Multibyte character printing support for frontend code
+ *
+ *
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2022, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+ *
+ * src/fe_utils/mbprint.c
+ *
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+#include "postgres_fe.h"
+
+#include "fe_utils/mbprint.h"
+
+#include "libpq-fe.h"
+
+
+/*
+ * To avoid version-skew problems, this file must not use declarations
+ * from pg_wchar.h: the encoding IDs we are dealing with are determined
+ * by the libpq.so we are linked with, and that might not match the
+ * numbers we see at compile time.  (If this file were inside libpq,
+ * the problem would go away...)
+ *
+ * Hence, we have our own definition of pg_wchar, and we get the values
+ * of any needed encoding IDs on-the-fly.
+ */
+
+typedef unsigned int pg_wchar;
+
+static int
+pg_get_utf8_id(void)
+{
+	static int	utf8_id = -1;
+
+	if (utf8_id < 0)
+		utf8_id = pg_char_to_encoding("utf8");
+	return utf8_id;
+}
+
+#define PG_UTF8		pg_get_utf8_id()
+
+
+/*
+ * Convert a UTF-8 character to a Unicode code point.
+ * This is a one-character version of pg_utf2wchar_with_len.
+ *
+ * No error checks here, c must point to a long-enough string.
+ */
+static pg_wchar
+utf8_to_unicode(const unsigned char *c)
+{
+	if ((*c & 0x80) == 0)
+		return (pg_wchar) c[0];
+	else if ((*c & 0xe0) == 0xc0)
+		return (pg_wchar) (((c[0] & 0x1f) << 6) |
+						   (c[1] & 0x3f));
+	else if ((*c & 0xf0) == 0xe0)
+		return (pg_wchar) (((c[0] & 0x0f) << 12) |
+						   ((c[1] & 0x3f) << 6) |
+						   (c[2] & 0x3f));
+	else if ((*c & 0xf8) == 0xf0)
+		return (pg_wchar) (((c[0] & 0x07) << 18) |
+						   ((c[1] & 0x3f) << 12) |
+						   ((c[2] & 0x3f) << 6) |
+						   (c[3] & 0x3f));
+	else
+		/* that is an invalid code on purpose */
+		return 0xffffffff;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Unicode 3.1 compliant validation : for each category, it checks the
+ * combination of each byte to make sure it maps to a valid range. It also
+ * returns -1 for the following UCS values: ucs > 0x10ffff ucs & 0xfffe =
+ * 0xfffe 0xfdd0 < ucs < 0xfdef ucs & 0xdb00 = 0xd800 (surrogates)
+ */
+static int
+utf_charcheck(const unsigned char *c)
+{
+	if ((*c & 0x80) == 0)
+		return 1;
+	else if ((*c & 0xe0) == 0xc0)
+	{
+		/* two-byte char */
+		if (((c[1] & 0xc0) == 0x80) && ((c[0] & 0x1f) > 0x01))
+			return 2;
+		return -1;
+	}
+	else if ((*c & 0xf0) == 0xe0)
+	{
+		/* three-byte char */
+		if (((c[1] & 0xc0) == 0x80) &&
+			(((c[0] & 0x0f) != 0x00) || ((c[1] & 0x20) == 0x20)) &&
+			((c[2] & 0xc0) == 0x80))
+		{
+			int			z = c[0] & 0x0f;
+			int			yx = ((c[1] & 0x3f) << 6) | (c[0] & 0x3f);
+			int			lx = yx & 0x7f;
+
+			/* check 0xfffe/0xffff, 0xfdd0..0xfedf range, surrogates */
+			if (((z == 0x0f) &&
+				 (((yx & 0xffe) == 0xffe) ||
+				  (((yx & 0xf80) == 0xd80) && (lx >= 0x30) && (lx <= 0x4f)))) ||
+				((z == 0x0d) && ((yx & 0xb00) == 0x800)))
+				return -1;
+			return 3;
+		}
+		return -1;
+	}
+	else if ((*c & 0xf8) == 0xf0)
+	{
+		int			u = ((c[0] & 0x07) << 2) | ((c[1] & 0x30) >> 4);
+
+		/* four-byte char */
+		if (((c[1] & 0xc0) == 0x80) &&
+			(u > 0x00) && (u <= 0x10) &&
+			((c[2] & 0xc0) == 0x80) && ((c[3] & 0xc0) == 0x80))
+		{
+			/* test for 0xzzzzfffe/0xzzzzfffff */
+			if (((c[1] & 0x0f) == 0x0f) && ((c[2] & 0x3f) == 0x3f) &&
+				((c[3] & 0x3e) == 0x3e))
+				return -1;
+			return 4;
+		}
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+
+static void
+mb_utf_validate(unsigned char *pwcs)
+{
+	unsigned char *p = pwcs;
+
+	while (*pwcs)
+	{
+		int			len;
+
+		if ((len = utf_charcheck(pwcs)) > 0)
+		{
+			if (p != pwcs)
+			{
+				int			i;
+
+				for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+					*p++ = *pwcs++;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				pwcs += len;
+				p += len;
+			}
+		}
+		else
+			/* we skip the char */
+			pwcs++;
+	}
+	if (p != pwcs)
+		*p = '\0';
+}
+
+/*
+ * public functions : wcswidth and mbvalidate
+ */
+
+/*
+ * pg_wcswidth is the dumb display-width function.
+ * It assumes that everything will appear on one line.
+ * OTOH it is easier to use than pg_wcssize if this applies to you.
+ */
+int
+pg_wcswidth(const char *pwcs, size_t len, int encoding)
+{
+	int			width = 0;
+
+	while (len > 0)
+	{
+		int			chlen,
+					chwidth;
+
+		chlen = PQmblen(pwcs, encoding);
+		if (len < (size_t) chlen)
+			break;				/* Invalid string */
+
+		chwidth = PQdsplen(pwcs, encoding);
+		if (chwidth > 0)
+			width += chwidth;
+
+		pwcs += chlen;
+		len -= chlen;
+	}
+	return width;
+}
+
+/*
+ * pg_wcssize takes the given string in the given encoding and returns three
+ * values:
+ *	  result_width: Width in display characters of the longest line in string
+ *	  result_height: Number of lines in display output
+ *	  result_format_size: Number of bytes required to store formatted
+ *		representation of string
+ *
+ * This MUST be kept in sync with pg_wcsformat!
+ */
+void
+pg_wcssize(const unsigned char *pwcs, size_t len, int encoding,
+		   int *result_width, int *result_height, int *result_format_size)
+{
+	int			w,
+				chlen = 0,
+				linewidth = 0;
+	int			width = 0;
+	int			height = 1;
+	int			format_size = 0;
+
+	for (; *pwcs && len > 0; pwcs += chlen)
+	{
+		chlen = PQmblen((const char *) pwcs, encoding);
+		if (len < (size_t) chlen)
+			break;
+		w = PQdsplen((const char *) pwcs, encoding);
+
+		if (chlen == 1)			/* single-byte char */
+		{
+			if (*pwcs == '\n')	/* Newline */
+			{
+				if (linewidth > width)
+					width = linewidth;
+				linewidth = 0;
+				height += 1;
+				format_size += 1;	/* For NUL char */
+			}
+			else if (*pwcs == '\r') /* Linefeed */
+			{
+				linewidth += 2;
+				format_size += 2;
+			}
+			else if (*pwcs == '\t') /* Tab */
+			{
+				do
+				{
+					linewidth++;
+					format_size++;
+				} while (linewidth % 8 != 0);
+			}
+			else if (w < 0)		/* Other control char */
+			{
+				linewidth += 4;
+				format_size += 4;
+			}
+			else				/* Output it as-is */
+			{
+				linewidth += w;
+				format_size += 1;
+			}
+		}
+		else if (w < 0)			/* Non-ascii control char */
+		{
+			linewidth += 6;		/* \u0000 */
+			format_size += 6;
+		}
+		else					/* All other chars */
+		{
+			linewidth += w;
+			format_size += chlen;
+		}
+		len -= chlen;
+	}
+	if (linewidth > width)
+		width = linewidth;
+	format_size += 1;			/* For NUL char */
+
+	/* Set results */
+	if (result_width)
+		*result_width = width;
+	if (result_height)
+		*result_height = height;
+	if (result_format_size)
+		*result_format_size = format_size;
+}
+
+/*
+ *	Format a string into one or more "struct lineptr" lines.
+ *	lines[i].ptr == NULL indicates the end of the array.
+ *
+ * This MUST be kept in sync with pg_wcssize!
+ */
+void
+pg_wcsformat(const unsigned char *pwcs, size_t len, int encoding,
+			 struct lineptr *lines, int count)
+{
+	int			w,
+				chlen = 0;
+	int			linewidth = 0;
+	unsigned char *ptr = lines->ptr;	/* Pointer to data area */
+
+	for (; *pwcs && len > 0; pwcs += chlen)
+	{
+		chlen = PQmblen((const char *) pwcs, encoding);
+		if (len < (size_t) chlen)
+			break;
+		w = PQdsplen((const char *) pwcs, encoding);
+
+		if (chlen == 1)			/* single-byte char */
+		{
+			if (*pwcs == '\n')	/* Newline */
+			{
+				*ptr++ = '\0';
+				lines->width = linewidth;
+				linewidth = 0;
+				lines++;
+				count--;
+				if (count <= 0)
+					exit(1);	/* Screwup */
+
+				/* make next line point to remaining memory */
+				lines->ptr = ptr;
+			}
+			else if (*pwcs == '\r') /* Linefeed */
+			{
+				strcpy((char *) ptr, "\\r");
+				linewidth += 2;
+				ptr += 2;
+			}
+			else if (*pwcs == '\t') /* Tab */
+			{
+				do
+				{
+					*ptr++ = ' ';
+					linewidth++;
+				} while (linewidth % 8 != 0);
+			}
+			else if (w < 0)		/* Other control char */
+			{
+				sprintf((char *) ptr, "\\x%02X", *pwcs);
+				linewidth += 4;
+				ptr += 4;
+			}
+			else				/* Output it as-is */
+			{
+				linewidth += w;
+				*ptr++ = *pwcs;
+			}
+		}
+		else if (w < 0)			/* Non-ascii control char */
+		{
+			if (encoding == PG_UTF8)
+				sprintf((char *) ptr, "\\u%04X", utf8_to_unicode(pwcs));
+			else
+			{
+				/*
+				 * This case cannot happen in the current code because only
+				 * UTF-8 signals multibyte control characters. But we may need
+				 * to support it at some stage
+				 */
+				sprintf((char *) ptr, "\\u????");
+			}
+			ptr += 6;
+			linewidth += 6;
+		}
+		else					/* All other chars */
+		{
+			int			i;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < chlen; i++)
+				*ptr++ = pwcs[i];
+			linewidth += w;
+		}
+		len -= chlen;
+	}
+	lines->width = linewidth;
+	*ptr++ = '\0';				/* Terminate formatted string */
+
+	if (count <= 0)
+		exit(1);				/* Screwup */
+
+	(lines + 1)->ptr = NULL;	/* terminate line array */
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Encoding validation: delete any unvalidatable characters from the string
+ *
+ * This seems redundant with existing functionality elsewhere?
+ */
+unsigned char *
+mbvalidate(unsigned char *pwcs, int encoding)
+{
+	if (encoding == PG_UTF8)
+		mb_utf_validate(pwcs);
+	else
+	{
+		/*
+		 * other encodings needing validation should add their own routines
+		 * here
+		 */
+	}
+
+	return pwcs;
+}
diff --git a/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c b/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..abea881
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * Command line option processing facilities for frontend code
+ *
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2022, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+ *
+ * src/fe_utils/option_utils.c
+ *
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+
+#include "postgres_fe.h"
+
+#include "common/logging.h"
+#include "common/string.h"
+#include "fe_utils/option_utils.h"
+
+/*
+ * Provide strictly harmonized handling of --help and --version
+ * options.
+ */
+void
+handle_help_version_opts(int argc, char *argv[],
+						 const char *fixed_progname, help_handler hlp)
+{
+	if (argc > 1)
+	{
+		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
+		{
+			hlp(get_progname(argv[0]));
+			exit(0);
+		}
+		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
+		{
+			printf("%s (PostgreSQL) " PG_VERSION "\n", fixed_progname);
+			exit(0);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * option_parse_int
+ *
+ * Parse integer value for an option.  If the parsing is successful, returns
+ * true and stores the result in *result if that's given; if parsing fails,
+ * returns false.
+ */
+bool
+option_parse_int(const char *optarg, const char *optname,
+				 int min_range, int max_range,
+				 int *result)
+{
+	char	   *endptr;
+	int			val;
+
+	errno = 0;
+	val = strtoint(optarg, &endptr, 10);
+
+	/*
+	 * Skip any trailing whitespace; if anything but whitespace remains before
+	 * the terminating character, fail.
+	 */
+	while (*endptr != '\0' && isspace((unsigned char) *endptr))
+		endptr++;
+
+	if (*endptr != '\0')
+	{
+		pg_log_error("invalid value \"%s\" for option %s",
+					 optarg, optname);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if (errno == ERANGE || val < min_range || val > max_range)
+	{
+		pg_log_error("%s must be in range %d..%d",
+					 optname, min_range, max_range);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if (result)
+		*result = val;
+	return true;
+}
diff --git a/src/fe_utils/parallel_slot.c b/src/fe_utils/parallel_slot.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c65de7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fe_utils/parallel_slot.c
@@ -0,0 +1,563 @@
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ *	parallel_slot.c
+ *		Parallel support for front-end parallel database connections
+ *
+ *
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2022, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+ *
+ * src/fe_utils/parallel_slot.c
+ *
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+#define FD_SETSIZE 1024			/* must set before winsock2.h is included */
+#endif
+
+#include "postgres_fe.h"
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H
+#include <sys/select.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "common/logging.h"
+#include "fe_utils/cancel.h"
+#include "fe_utils/parallel_slot.h"
+#include "fe_utils/query_utils.h"
+
+#define ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_TABLE  "42P01"
+
+static int	select_loop(int maxFd, fd_set *workerset);
+static bool processQueryResult(ParallelSlot *slot, PGresult *result);
+
+/*
+ * Process (and delete) a query result.  Returns true if there's no problem,
+ * false otherwise. It's up to the handler to decide what constitutes a
+ * problem.
+ */
+static bool
+processQueryResult(ParallelSlot *slot, PGresult *result)
+{
+	Assert(slot->handler != NULL);
+
+	/* On failure, the handler should return NULL after freeing the result */
+	if (!slot->handler(result, slot->connection, slot->handler_context))
+		return false;
+
+	/* Ok, we have to free it ourself */
+	PQclear(result);
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Consume all the results generated for the given connection until
+ * nothing remains.  If at least one error is encountered, return false.
+ * Note that this will block if the connection is busy.
+ */
+static bool
+consumeQueryResult(ParallelSlot *slot)
+{
+	bool		ok = true;
+	PGresult   *result;
+
+	SetCancelConn(slot->connection);
+	while ((result = PQgetResult(slot->connection)) != NULL)
+	{
+		if (!processQueryResult(slot, result))
+			ok = false;
+	}
+	ResetCancelConn();
+	return ok;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Wait until a file descriptor from the given set becomes readable.
+ *
+ * Returns the number of ready descriptors, or -1 on failure (including
+ * getting a cancel request).
+ */
+static int
+select_loop(int maxFd, fd_set *workerset)
+{
+	int			i;
+	fd_set		saveSet = *workerset;
+
+	if (CancelRequested)
+		return -1;
+
+	for (;;)
+	{
+		/*
+		 * On Windows, we need to check once in a while for cancel requests;
+		 * on other platforms we rely on select() returning when interrupted.
+		 */
+		struct timeval *tvp;
+#ifdef WIN32
+		struct timeval tv = {0, 1000000};
+
+		tvp = &tv;
+#else
+		tvp = NULL;
+#endif
+
+		*workerset = saveSet;
+		i = select(maxFd + 1, workerset, NULL, NULL, tvp);
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+		if (i == SOCKET_ERROR)
+		{
+			i = -1;
+
+			if (WSAGetLastError() == WSAEINTR)
+				errno = EINTR;
+		}
+#endif
+
+		if (i < 0 && errno == EINTR)
+			continue;			/* ignore this */
+		if (i < 0 || CancelRequested)
+			return -1;			/* but not this */
+		if (i == 0)
+			continue;			/* timeout (Win32 only) */
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return i;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the offset of a suitable idle slot, or -1 if none are available.  If
+ * the given dbname is not null, only idle slots connected to the given
+ * database are considered suitable, otherwise all idle connected slots are
+ * considered suitable.
+ */
+static int
+find_matching_idle_slot(const ParallelSlotArray *sa, const char *dbname)
+{
+	int			i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < sa->numslots; i++)
+	{
+		if (sa->slots[i].inUse)
+			continue;
+
+		if (sa->slots[i].connection == NULL)
+			continue;
+
+		if (dbname == NULL ||
+			strcmp(PQdb(sa->slots[i].connection), dbname) == 0)
+			return i;
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the offset of the first slot without a database connection, or -1 if
+ * all slots are connected.
+ */
+static int
+find_unconnected_slot(const ParallelSlotArray *sa)
+{
+	int			i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < sa->numslots; i++)
+	{
+		if (sa->slots[i].inUse)
+			continue;
+
+		if (sa->slots[i].connection == NULL)
+			return i;
+	}
+
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the offset of the first idle slot, or -1 if all slots are busy.
+ */
+static int
+find_any_idle_slot(const ParallelSlotArray *sa)
+{
+	int			i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < sa->numslots; i++)
+		if (!sa->slots[i].inUse)
+			return i;
+
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Wait for any slot's connection to have query results, consume the results,
+ * and update the slot's status as appropriate.  Returns true on success,
+ * false on cancellation, on error, or if no slots are connected.
+ */
+static bool
+wait_on_slots(ParallelSlotArray *sa)
+{
+	int			i;
+	fd_set		slotset;
+	int			maxFd = 0;
+	PGconn	   *cancelconn = NULL;
+
+	/* We must reconstruct the fd_set for each call to select_loop */
+	FD_ZERO(&slotset);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < sa->numslots; i++)
+	{
+		int			sock;
+
+		/* We shouldn't get here if we still have slots without connections */
+		Assert(sa->slots[i].connection != NULL);
+
+		sock = PQsocket(sa->slots[i].connection);
+
+		/*
+		 * We don't really expect any connections to lose their sockets after
+		 * startup, but just in case, cope by ignoring them.
+		 */
+		if (sock < 0)
+			continue;
+
+		/* Keep track of the first valid connection we see. */
+		if (cancelconn == NULL)
+			cancelconn = sa->slots[i].connection;
+
+		FD_SET(sock, &slotset);
+		if (sock > maxFd)
+			maxFd = sock;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If we get this far with no valid connections, processing cannot
+	 * continue.
+	 */
+	if (cancelconn == NULL)
+		return false;
+
+	SetCancelConn(cancelconn);
+	i = select_loop(maxFd, &slotset);
+	ResetCancelConn();
+
+	/* failure? */
+	if (i < 0)
+		return false;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < sa->numslots; i++)
+	{
+		int			sock;
+
+		sock = PQsocket(sa->slots[i].connection);
+
+		if (sock >= 0 && FD_ISSET(sock, &slotset))
+		{
+			/* select() says input is available, so consume it */
+			PQconsumeInput(sa->slots[i].connection);
+		}
+
+		/* Collect result(s) as long as any are available */
+		while (!PQisBusy(sa->slots[i].connection))
+		{
+			PGresult   *result = PQgetResult(sa->slots[i].connection);
+
+			if (result != NULL)
+			{
+				/* Handle and discard the command result */
+				if (!processQueryResult(&sa->slots[i], result))
+					return false;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				/* This connection has become idle */
+				sa->slots[i].inUse = false;
+				ParallelSlotClearHandler(&sa->slots[i]);
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Open a new database connection using the stored connection parameters and
+ * optionally a given dbname if not null, execute the stored initial command if
+ * any, and associate the new connection with the given slot.
+ */
+static void
+connect_slot(ParallelSlotArray *sa, int slotno, const char *dbname)
+{
+	const char *old_override;
+	ParallelSlot *slot = &sa->slots[slotno];
+
+	old_override = sa->cparams->override_dbname;
+	if (dbname)
+		sa->cparams->override_dbname = dbname;
+	slot->connection = connectDatabase(sa->cparams, sa->progname, sa->echo, false, true);
+	sa->cparams->override_dbname = old_override;
+
+	/*
+	 * POSIX defines FD_SETSIZE as the highest file descriptor acceptable to
+	 * FD_SET() and allied macros.  Windows defines it as a ceiling on the
+	 * count of file descriptors in the set, not a ceiling on the value of
+	 * each file descriptor; see
+	 * https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock2/nf-winsock2-select
+	 * and
+	 * https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock/ns-winsock-fd_set.
+	 * We can't ignore that, because Windows starts file descriptors at a
+	 * higher value, delays reuse, and skips values.  With less than ten
+	 * concurrent file descriptors, opened and closed rapidly, one can reach
+	 * file descriptor 1024.
+	 *
+	 * Doing a hard exit here is a bit grotty, but it doesn't seem worth
+	 * complicating the API to make it less grotty.
+	 */
+#ifdef WIN32
+	if (slotno >= FD_SETSIZE)
+	{
+		pg_log_error("too many jobs for this platform: %d", slotno);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+#else
+	{
+		int			fd = PQsocket(slot->connection);
+
+		if (fd >= FD_SETSIZE)
+		{
+			pg_log_error("socket file descriptor out of range for select(): %d",
+						 fd);
+			pg_log_error_hint("Try fewer jobs.");
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+#endif
+
+	/* Setup the connection using the supplied command, if any. */
+	if (sa->initcmd)
+		executeCommand(slot->connection, sa->initcmd, sa->echo);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ParallelSlotsGetIdle
+ *		Return a connection slot that is ready to execute a command.
+ *
+ * The slot returned is chosen as follows:
+ *
+ * If any idle slot already has an open connection, and if either dbname is
+ * null or the existing connection is to the given database, that slot will be
+ * returned allowing the connection to be reused.
+ *
+ * Otherwise, if any idle slot is not yet connected to any database, the slot
+ * will be returned with it's connection opened using the stored cparams and
+ * optionally the given dbname if not null.
+ *
+ * Otherwise, if any idle slot exists, an idle slot will be chosen and returned
+ * after having it's connection disconnected and reconnected using the stored
+ * cparams and optionally the given dbname if not null.
+ *
+ * Otherwise, if any slots have connections that are busy, we loop on select()
+ * until one socket becomes available.  When this happens, we read the whole
+ * set and mark as free all sockets that become available.  We then select a
+ * slot using the same rules as above.
+ *
+ * Otherwise, we cannot return a slot, which is an error, and NULL is returned.
+ *
+ * For any connection created, if the stored initcmd is not null, it will be
+ * executed as a command on the newly formed connection before the slot is
+ * returned.
+ *
+ * If an error occurs, NULL is returned.
+ */
+ParallelSlot *
+ParallelSlotsGetIdle(ParallelSlotArray *sa, const char *dbname)
+{
+	int			offset;
+
+	Assert(sa);
+	Assert(sa->numslots > 0);
+
+	while (1)
+	{
+		/* First choice: a slot already connected to the desired database. */
+		offset = find_matching_idle_slot(sa, dbname);
+		if (offset >= 0)
+		{
+			sa->slots[offset].inUse = true;
+			return &sa->slots[offset];
+		}
+
+		/* Second choice: a slot not connected to any database. */
+		offset = find_unconnected_slot(sa);
+		if (offset >= 0)
+		{
+			connect_slot(sa, offset, dbname);
+			sa->slots[offset].inUse = true;
+			return &sa->slots[offset];
+		}
+
+		/* Third choice: a slot connected to the wrong database. */
+		offset = find_any_idle_slot(sa);
+		if (offset >= 0)
+		{
+			disconnectDatabase(sa->slots[offset].connection);
+			sa->slots[offset].connection = NULL;
+			connect_slot(sa, offset, dbname);
+			sa->slots[offset].inUse = true;
+			return &sa->slots[offset];
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Fourth choice: block until one or more slots become available. If
+		 * any slots hit a fatal error, we'll find out about that here and
+		 * return NULL.
+		 */
+		if (!wait_on_slots(sa))
+			return NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * ParallelSlotsSetup
+ *		Prepare a set of parallel slots but do not connect to any database.
+ *
+ * This creates and initializes a set of slots, marking all parallel slots as
+ * free and ready to use.  Establishing connections is delayed until requesting
+ * a free slot.  The cparams, progname, echo, and initcmd are stored for later
+ * use and must remain valid for the lifetime of the returned array.
+ */
+ParallelSlotArray *
+ParallelSlotsSetup(int numslots, ConnParams *cparams, const char *progname,
+				   bool echo, const char *initcmd)
+{
+	ParallelSlotArray *sa;
+
+	Assert(numslots > 0);
+	Assert(cparams != NULL);
+	Assert(progname != NULL);
+
+	sa = (ParallelSlotArray *) palloc0(offsetof(ParallelSlotArray, slots) +
+									   numslots * sizeof(ParallelSlot));
+
+	sa->numslots = numslots;
+	sa->cparams = cparams;
+	sa->progname = progname;
+	sa->echo = echo;
+	sa->initcmd = initcmd;
+
+	return sa;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ParallelSlotsAdoptConn
+ *		Assign an open connection to the slots array for reuse.
+ *
+ * This turns over ownership of an open connection to a slots array.  The
+ * caller should not further use or close the connection.  All the connection's
+ * parameters (user, host, port, etc.) except possibly dbname should match
+ * those of the slots array's cparams, as given in ParallelSlotsSetup.  If
+ * these parameters differ, subsequent behavior is undefined.
+ */
+void
+ParallelSlotsAdoptConn(ParallelSlotArray *sa, PGconn *conn)
+{
+	int			offset;
+
+	offset = find_unconnected_slot(sa);
+	if (offset >= 0)
+		sa->slots[offset].connection = conn;
+	else
+		disconnectDatabase(conn);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ParallelSlotsTerminate
+ *		Clean up a set of parallel slots
+ *
+ * Iterate through all connections in a given set of ParallelSlots and
+ * terminate all connections.
+ */
+void
+ParallelSlotsTerminate(ParallelSlotArray *sa)
+{
+	int			i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < sa->numslots; i++)
+	{
+		PGconn	   *conn = sa->slots[i].connection;
+
+		if (conn == NULL)
+			continue;
+
+		disconnectDatabase(conn);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * ParallelSlotsWaitCompletion
+ *
+ * Wait for all connections to finish, returning false if at least one
+ * error has been found on the way.
+ */
+bool
+ParallelSlotsWaitCompletion(ParallelSlotArray *sa)
+{
+	int			i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < sa->numslots; i++)
+	{
+		if (sa->slots[i].connection == NULL)
+			continue;
+		if (!consumeQueryResult(&sa->slots[i]))
+			return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * TableCommandResultHandler
+ *
+ * ParallelSlotResultHandler for results of commands (not queries) against
+ * tables.
+ *
+ * Requires that the result status is either PGRES_COMMAND_OK or an error about
+ * a missing table.  This is useful for utilities that compile a list of tables
+ * to process and then run commands (vacuum, reindex, or whatever) against
+ * those tables, as there is a race condition between the time the list is
+ * compiled and the time the command attempts to open the table.
+ *
+ * For missing tables, logs an error but allows processing to continue.
+ *
+ * For all other errors, logs an error and terminates further processing.
+ *
+ * res: PGresult from the query executed on the slot's connection
+ * conn: connection belonging to the slot
+ * context: unused
+ */
+bool
+TableCommandResultHandler(PGresult *res, PGconn *conn, void *context)
+{
+	Assert(res != NULL);
+	Assert(conn != NULL);
+
+	/*
+	 * If it's an error, report it.  Errors about a missing table are harmless
+	 * so we continue processing; but die for other errors.
+	 */
+	if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
+	{
+		char	   *sqlState = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_SQLSTATE);
+
+		pg_log_error("processing of database \"%s\" failed: %s",
+					 PQdb(conn), PQerrorMessage(conn));
+
+		if (sqlState && strcmp(sqlState, ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_TABLE) != 0)
+		{
+			PQclear(res);
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
diff --git a/src/fe_utils/print.c b/src/fe_utils/print.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe676a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fe_utils/print.c
@@ -0,0 +1,3717 @@
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * Query-result printing support for frontend code
+ *
+ * This file used to be part of psql, but now it's separated out to allow
+ * other frontend programs to use it.  Because the printing code needs
+ * access to the cancel_pressed flag as well as SIGPIPE trapping and
+ * pager open/close functions, all that stuff came with it.
+ *
+ *
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2022, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+ *
+ * src/fe_utils/print.c
+ *
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+#include "postgres_fe.h"
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#ifndef WIN32
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>			/* for ioctl() */
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_TERMIOS_H
+#include <termios.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "catalog/pg_type_d.h"
+#include "fe_utils/mbprint.h"
+#include "fe_utils/print.h"
+
+/*
+ * If the calling program doesn't have any mechanism for setting
+ * cancel_pressed, it will have no effect.
+ *
+ * Note: print.c's general strategy for when to check cancel_pressed is to do
+ * so at completion of each row of output.
+ */
+volatile sig_atomic_t cancel_pressed = false;
+
+static bool always_ignore_sigpipe = false;
+
+/* info for locale-aware numeric formatting; set up by setDecimalLocale() */
+static char *decimal_point;
+static int	groupdigits;
+static char *thousands_sep;
+
+static char default_footer[100];
+static printTableFooter default_footer_cell = {default_footer, NULL};
+
+/* Line style control structures */
+const printTextFormat pg_asciiformat =
+{
+	"ascii",
+	{
+		{"-", "+", "+", "+"},
+		{"-", "+", "+", "+"},
+		{"-", "+", "+", "+"},
+		{"", "|", "|", "|"}
+	},
+	"|",
+	"|",
+	"|",
+	" ",
+	"+",
+	" ",
+	"+",
+	".",
+	".",
+	true
+};
+
+const printTextFormat pg_asciiformat_old =
+{
+	"old-ascii",
+	{
+		{"-", "+", "+", "+"},
+		{"-", "+", "+", "+"},
+		{"-", "+", "+", "+"},
+		{"", "|", "|", "|"}
+	},
+	":",
+	";",
+	" ",
+	"+",
+	" ",
+	" ",
+	" ",
+	" ",
+	" ",
+	false
+};
+
+/* Default unicode linestyle format */
+printTextFormat pg_utf8format;
+
+typedef struct unicodeStyleRowFormat
+{
+	const char *horizontal;
+	const char *vertical_and_right[2];
+	const char *vertical_and_left[2];
+} unicodeStyleRowFormat;
+
+typedef struct unicodeStyleColumnFormat
+{
+	const char *vertical;
+	const char *vertical_and_horizontal[2];
+	const char *up_and_horizontal[2];
+	const char *down_and_horizontal[2];
+} unicodeStyleColumnFormat;
+
+typedef struct unicodeStyleBorderFormat
+{
+	const char *up_and_right;
+	const char *vertical;
+	const char *down_and_right;
+	const char *horizontal;
+	const char *down_and_left;
+	const char *left_and_right;
+} unicodeStyleBorderFormat;
+
+typedef struct unicodeStyleFormat
+{
+	unicodeStyleRowFormat row_style[2];
+	unicodeStyleColumnFormat column_style[2];
+	unicodeStyleBorderFormat border_style[2];
+	const char *header_nl_left;
+	const char *header_nl_right;
+	const char *nl_left;
+	const char *nl_right;
+	const char *wrap_left;
+	const char *wrap_right;
+	bool		wrap_right_border;
+} unicodeStyleFormat;
+
+static const unicodeStyleFormat unicode_style = {
+	{
+		{
+			/* U+2500 Box Drawings Light Horizontal */
+			"\342\224\200",
+
+			/*--
+			 * U+251C Box Drawings Light Vertical and Right,
+			 * U+255F Box Drawings Vertical Double and Right Single
+			 *--
+			 */
+			{"\342\224\234", "\342\225\237"},
+
+			/*--
+			 * U+2524 Box Drawings Light Vertical and Left,
+			 * U+2562 Box Drawings Vertical Double and Left Single
+			 *--
+			 */
+			{"\342\224\244", "\342\225\242"},
+		},
+		{
+			/* U+2550 Box Drawings Double Horizontal */
+			"\342\225\220",
+
+			/*--
+			 * U+255E Box Drawings Vertical Single and Right Double,
+			 * U+2560 Box Drawings Double Vertical and Right
+			 *--
+			 */
+			{"\342\225\236", "\342\225\240"},
+
+			/*--
+			 * U+2561 Box Drawings Vertical Single and Left Double,
+			 * U+2563 Box Drawings Double Vertical and Left
+			 *--
+			 */
+			{"\342\225\241", "\342\225\243"},
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		{
+			/* U+2502 Box Drawings Light Vertical */
+			"\342\224\202",
+
+			/*--
+			 * U+253C Box Drawings Light Vertical and Horizontal,
+			 * U+256A Box Drawings Vertical Single and Horizontal Double
+			 *--
+			 */
+			{"\342\224\274", "\342\225\252"},
+
+			/*--
+			 * U+2534 Box Drawings Light Up and Horizontal,
+			 * U+2567 Box Drawings Up Single and Horizontal Double
+			 *--
+			 */
+			{"\342\224\264", "\342\225\247"},
+
+			/*--
+			 * U+252C Box Drawings Light Down and Horizontal,
+			 * U+2564 Box Drawings Down Single and Horizontal Double
+			 *--
+			 */
+			{"\342\224\254", "\342\225\244"},
+		},
+		{
+			/* U+2551 Box Drawings Double Vertical */
+			"\342\225\221",
+
+			/*--
+			 * U+256B Box Drawings Vertical Double and Horizontal Single,
+			 * U+256C Box Drawings Double Vertical and Horizontal
+			 *--
+			 */
+			{"\342\225\253", "\342\225\254"},
+
+			/*--
+			 * U+2568 Box Drawings Up Double and Horizontal Single,
+			 * U+2569 Box Drawings Double Up and Horizontal
+			 *--
+			 */
+			{"\342\225\250", "\342\225\251"},
+
+			/*--
+			 * U+2565 Box Drawings Down Double and Horizontal Single,
+			 * U+2566 Box Drawings Double Down and Horizontal
+			 *--
+			 */
+			{"\342\225\245", "\342\225\246"},
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		/*--
+		 * U+2514 Box Drawings Light Up and Right,
+		 * U+2502 Box Drawings Light Vertical,
+		 * U+250C Box Drawings Light Down and Right,
+		 * U+2500 Box Drawings Light Horizontal,
+		 * U+2510 Box Drawings Light Down and Left,
+		 * U+2518 Box Drawings Light Up and Left
+		 *--
+		 */
+		{"\342\224\224", "\342\224\202", "\342\224\214", "\342\224\200", "\342\224\220", "\342\224\230"},
+
+		/*--
+		 * U+255A Box Drawings Double Up and Right,
+		 * U+2551 Box Drawings Double Vertical,
+		 * U+2554 Box Drawings Double Down and Right,
+		 * U+2550 Box Drawings Double Horizontal,
+		 * U+2557 Box Drawings Double Down and Left,
+		 * U+255D Box Drawings Double Up and Left
+		 *--
+		 */
+		{"\342\225\232", "\342\225\221", "\342\225\224", "\342\225\220", "\342\225\227", "\342\225\235"},
+	},
+	" ",
+	/* U+21B5 Downwards Arrow with Corner Leftwards */
+	"\342\206\265",
+	" ",
+	/* U+21B5 Downwards Arrow with Corner Leftwards */
+	"\342\206\265",
+	/* U+2026 Horizontal Ellipsis */
+	"\342\200\246",
+	"\342\200\246",
+	true
+};
+
+
+/* Local functions */
+static int	strlen_max_width(unsigned char *str, int *target_width, int encoding);
+static void IsPagerNeeded(const printTableContent *cont, int extra_lines, bool expanded,
+						  FILE **fout, bool *is_pager);
+
+static void print_aligned_vertical(const printTableContent *cont,
+								   FILE *fout, bool is_pager);
+
+
+/* Count number of digits in integral part of number */
+static int
+integer_digits(const char *my_str)
+{
+	/* ignoring any sign ... */
+	if (my_str[0] == '-' || my_str[0] == '+')
+		my_str++;
+	/* ... count initial integral digits */
+	return strspn(my_str, "0123456789");
+}
+
+/* Compute additional length required for locale-aware numeric output */
+static int
+additional_numeric_locale_len(const char *my_str)
+{
+	int			int_len = integer_digits(my_str),
+				len = 0;
+
+	/* Account for added thousands_sep instances */
+	if (int_len > groupdigits)
+		len += ((int_len - 1) / groupdigits) * strlen(thousands_sep);
+
+	/* Account for possible additional length of decimal_point */
+	if (strchr(my_str, '.') != NULL)
+		len += strlen(decimal_point) - 1;
+
+	return len;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Format a numeric value per current LC_NUMERIC locale setting
+ *
+ * Returns the appropriately formatted string in a new allocated block,
+ * caller must free.
+ *
+ * setDecimalLocale() must have been called earlier.
+ */
+static char *
+format_numeric_locale(const char *my_str)
+{
+	char	   *new_str;
+	int			new_len,
+				int_len,
+				leading_digits,
+				i,
+				new_str_pos;
+
+	/*
+	 * If the string doesn't look like a number, return it unchanged.  This
+	 * check is essential to avoid mangling already-localized "money" values.
+	 */
+	if (strspn(my_str, "0123456789+-.eE") != strlen(my_str))
+		return pg_strdup(my_str);
+
+	new_len = strlen(my_str) + additional_numeric_locale_len(my_str);
+	new_str = pg_malloc(new_len + 1);
+	new_str_pos = 0;
+	int_len = integer_digits(my_str);
+
+	/* number of digits in first thousands group */
+	leading_digits = int_len % groupdigits;
+	if (leading_digits == 0)
+		leading_digits = groupdigits;
+
+	/* process sign */
+	if (my_str[0] == '-' || my_str[0] == '+')
+	{
+		new_str[new_str_pos++] = my_str[0];
+		my_str++;
+	}
+
+	/* process integer part of number */
+	for (i = 0; i < int_len; i++)
+	{
+		/* Time to insert separator? */
+		if (i > 0 && --leading_digits == 0)
+		{
+			strcpy(&new_str[new_str_pos], thousands_sep);
+			new_str_pos += strlen(thousands_sep);
+			leading_digits = groupdigits;
+		}
+		new_str[new_str_pos++] = my_str[i];
+	}
+
+	/* handle decimal point if any */
+	if (my_str[i] == '.')
+	{
+		strcpy(&new_str[new_str_pos], decimal_point);
+		new_str_pos += strlen(decimal_point);
+		i++;
+	}
+
+	/* copy the rest (fractional digits and/or exponent, and \0 terminator) */
+	strcpy(&new_str[new_str_pos], &my_str[i]);
+
+	/* assert we didn't underestimate new_len (an overestimate is OK) */
+	Assert(strlen(new_str) <= new_len);
+
+	return new_str;
+}
+
+
+static void
+print_separator(struct separator sep, FILE *fout)
+{
+	if (sep.separator_zero)
+		fputc('\000', fout);
+	else if (sep.separator)
+		fputs(sep.separator, fout);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Return the list of explicitly-requested footers or, when applicable, the
+ * default "(xx rows)" footer.  Always omit the default footer when given
+ * non-default footers, "\pset footer off", or a specific instruction to that
+ * effect from a calling backslash command.  Vertical formats number each row,
+ * making the default footer redundant; they do not call this function.
+ *
+ * The return value may point to static storage; do not keep it across calls.
+ */
+static printTableFooter *
+footers_with_default(const printTableContent *cont)
+{
+	if (cont->footers == NULL && cont->opt->default_footer)
+	{
+		unsigned long total_records;
+
+		total_records = cont->opt->prior_records + cont->nrows;
+		snprintf(default_footer, sizeof(default_footer),
+				 ngettext("(%lu row)", "(%lu rows)", total_records),
+				 total_records);
+
+		return &default_footer_cell;
+	}
+	else
+		return cont->footers;
+}
+
+
+/*************************/
+/* Unaligned text		 */
+/*************************/
+
+
+static void
+print_unaligned_text(const printTableContent *cont, FILE *fout)
+{
+	bool		opt_tuples_only = cont->opt->tuples_only;
+	unsigned int i;
+	const char *const *ptr;
+	bool		need_recordsep = false;
+
+	if (cancel_pressed)
+		return;
+
+	if (cont->opt->start_table)
+	{
+		/* print title */
+		if (!opt_tuples_only && cont->title)
+		{
+			fputs(cont->title, fout);
+			print_separator(cont->opt->recordSep, fout);
+		}
+
+		/* print headers */
+		if (!opt_tuples_only)
+		{
+			for (ptr = cont->headers; *ptr; ptr++)
+			{
+				if (ptr != cont->headers)
+					print_separator(cont->opt->fieldSep, fout);
+				fputs(*ptr, fout);
+			}
+			need_recordsep = true;
+		}
+	}
+	else
+		/* assume continuing printout */
+		need_recordsep = true;
+
+	/* print cells */
+	for (i = 0, ptr = cont->cells; *ptr; i++, ptr++)
+	{
+		if (need_recordsep)
+		{
+			print_separator(cont->opt->recordSep, fout);
+			need_recordsep = false;
+			if (cancel_pressed)
+				break;
+		}
+		fputs(*ptr, fout);
+
+		if ((i + 1) % cont->ncolumns)
+			print_separator(cont->opt->fieldSep, fout);
+		else
+			need_recordsep = true;
+	}
+
+	/* print footers */
+	if (cont->opt->stop_table)
+	{
+		printTableFooter *footers = footers_with_default(cont);
+
+		if (!opt_tuples_only && footers != NULL && !cancel_pressed)
+		{
+			printTableFooter *f;
+
+			for (f = footers; f; f = f->next)
+			{
+				if (need_recordsep)
+				{
+					print_separator(cont->opt->recordSep, fout);
+					need_recordsep = false;
+				}
+				fputs(f->data, fout);
+				need_recordsep = true;
+			}
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * The last record is terminated by a newline, independent of the set
+		 * record separator.  But when the record separator is a zero byte, we
+		 * use that (compatible with find -print0 and xargs).
+		 */
+		if (need_recordsep)
+		{
+			if (cont->opt->recordSep.separator_zero)
+				print_separator(cont->opt->recordSep, fout);
+			else
+				fputc('\n', fout);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+static void
+print_unaligned_vertical(const printTableContent *cont, FILE *fout)
+{
+	bool		opt_tuples_only = cont->opt->tuples_only;
+	unsigned int i;
+	const char *const *ptr;
+	bool		need_recordsep = false;
+
+	if (cancel_pressed)
+		return;
+
+	if (cont->opt->start_table)
+	{
+		/* print title */
+		if (!opt_tuples_only && cont->title)
+		{
+			fputs(cont->title, fout);
+			need_recordsep = true;
+		}
+	}
+	else
+		/* assume continuing printout */
+		need_recordsep = true;
+
+	/* print records */
+	for (i = 0, ptr = cont->cells; *ptr; i++, ptr++)
+	{
+		if (need_recordsep)
+		{
+			/* record separator is 2 occurrences of recordsep in this mode */
+			print_separator(cont->opt->recordSep, fout);
+			print_separator(cont->opt->recordSep, fout);
+			need_recordsep = false;
+			if (cancel_pressed)
+				break;
+		}
+
+		fputs(cont->headers[i % cont->ncolumns], fout);
+		print_separator(cont->opt->fieldSep, fout);
+		fputs(*ptr, fout);
+
+		if ((i + 1) % cont->ncolumns)
+			print_separator(cont->opt->recordSep, fout);
+		else
+			need_recordsep = true;
+	}
+
+	if (cont->opt->stop_table)
+	{
+		/* print footers */
+		if (!opt_tuples_only && cont->footers != NULL && !cancel_pressed)
+		{
+			printTableFooter *f;
+
+			print_separator(cont->opt->recordSep, fout);
+			for (f = cont->footers; f; f = f->next)
+			{
+				print_separator(cont->opt->recordSep, fout);
+				fputs(f->data, fout);
+			}
+		}
+
+		/* see above in print_unaligned_text() */
+		if (need_recordsep)
+		{
+			if (cont->opt->recordSep.separator_zero)
+				print_separator(cont->opt->recordSep, fout);
+			else
+				fputc('\n', fout);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+/********************/
+/* Aligned text		*/
+/********************/
+
+
+/* draw "line" */
+static void
+_print_horizontal_line(const unsigned int ncolumns, const unsigned int *widths,
+					   unsigned short border, printTextRule pos,
+					   const printTextFormat *format,
+					   FILE *fout)
+{
+	const printTextLineFormat *lformat = &format->lrule[pos];
+	unsigned int i,
+				j;
+
+	if (border == 1)
+		fputs(lformat->hrule, fout);
+	else if (border == 2)
+		fprintf(fout, "%s%s", lformat->leftvrule, lformat->hrule);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ncolumns; i++)
+	{
+		for (j = 0; j < widths[i]; j++)
+			fputs(lformat->hrule, fout);
+
+		if (i < ncolumns - 1)
+		{
+			if (border == 0)
+				fputc(' ', fout);
+			else
+				fprintf(fout, "%s%s%s", lformat->hrule,
+						lformat->midvrule, lformat->hrule);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (border == 2)
+		fprintf(fout, "%s%s", lformat->hrule, lformat->rightvrule);
+	else if (border == 1)
+		fputs(lformat->hrule, fout);
+
+	fputc('\n', fout);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ *	Print pretty boxes around cells.
+ */
+static void
+print_aligned_text(const printTableContent *cont, FILE *fout, bool is_pager)
+{
+	bool		opt_tuples_only = cont->opt->tuples_only;
+	int			encoding = cont->opt->encoding;
+	unsigned short opt_border = cont->opt->border;
+	const printTextFormat *format = get_line_style(cont->opt);
+	const printTextLineFormat *dformat = &format->lrule[PRINT_RULE_DATA];
+
+	unsigned int col_count = 0,
+				cell_count = 0;
+
+	unsigned int i,
+				j;
+
+	unsigned int *width_header,
+			   *max_width,
+			   *width_wrap,
+			   *width_average;
+	unsigned int *max_nl_lines, /* value split by newlines */
+			   *curr_nl_line,
+			   *max_bytes;
+	unsigned char **format_buf;
+	unsigned int width_total;
+	unsigned int total_header_width;
+	unsigned int extra_row_output_lines = 0;
+	unsigned int extra_output_lines = 0;
+
+	const char *const *ptr;
+
+	struct lineptr **col_lineptrs;	/* pointers to line pointer per column */
+
+	bool	   *header_done;	/* Have all header lines been output? */
+	int		   *bytes_output;	/* Bytes output for column value */
+	printTextLineWrap *wrap;	/* Wrap status for each column */
+	int			output_columns = 0; /* Width of interactive console */
+	bool		is_local_pager = false;
+
+	if (cancel_pressed)
+		return;
+
+	if (opt_border > 2)
+		opt_border = 2;
+
+	if (cont->ncolumns > 0)
+	{
+		col_count = cont->ncolumns;
+		width_header = pg_malloc0(col_count * sizeof(*width_header));
+		width_average = pg_malloc0(col_count * sizeof(*width_average));
+		max_width = pg_malloc0(col_count * sizeof(*max_width));
+		width_wrap = pg_malloc0(col_count * sizeof(*width_wrap));
+		max_nl_lines = pg_malloc0(col_count * sizeof(*max_nl_lines));
+		curr_nl_line = pg_malloc0(col_count * sizeof(*curr_nl_line));
+		col_lineptrs = pg_malloc0(col_count * sizeof(*col_lineptrs));
+		max_bytes = pg_malloc0(col_count * sizeof(*max_bytes));
+		format_buf = pg_malloc0(col_count * sizeof(*format_buf));
+		header_done = pg_malloc0(col_count * sizeof(*header_done));
+		bytes_output = pg_malloc0(col_count * sizeof(*bytes_output));
+		wrap = pg_malloc0(col_count * sizeof(*wrap));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		width_header = NULL;
+		width_average = NULL;
+		max_width = NULL;
+		width_wrap = NULL;
+		max_nl_lines = NULL;
+		curr_nl_line = NULL;
+		col_lineptrs = NULL;
+		max_bytes = NULL;
+		format_buf = NULL;
+		header_done = NULL;
+		bytes_output = NULL;
+		wrap = NULL;
+	}
+
+	/* scan all column headers, find maximum width and max max_nl_lines */
+	for (i = 0; i < col_count; i++)
+	{
+		int			width,
+					nl_lines,
+					bytes_required;
+
+		pg_wcssize((const unsigned char *) cont->headers[i], strlen(cont->headers[i]),
+				   encoding, &width, &nl_lines, &bytes_required);
+		if (width > max_width[i])
+			max_width[i] = width;
+		if (nl_lines > max_nl_lines[i])
+			max_nl_lines[i] = nl_lines;
+		if (bytes_required > max_bytes[i])
+			max_bytes[i] = bytes_required;
+		if (nl_lines > extra_row_output_lines)
+			extra_row_output_lines = nl_lines;
+
+		width_header[i] = width;
+	}
+	/* Add height of tallest header column */
+	extra_output_lines += extra_row_output_lines;
+	extra_row_output_lines = 0;
+
+	/* scan all cells, find maximum width, compute cell_count */
+	for (i = 0, ptr = cont->cells; *ptr; ptr++, i++, cell_count++)
+	{
+		int			width,
+					nl_lines,
+					bytes_required;
+
+		pg_wcssize((const unsigned char *) *ptr, strlen(*ptr), encoding,
+				   &width, &nl_lines, &bytes_required);
+
+		if (width > max_width[i % col_count])
+			max_width[i % col_count] = width;
+		if (nl_lines > max_nl_lines[i % col_count])
+			max_nl_lines[i % col_count] = nl_lines;
+		if (bytes_required > max_bytes[i % col_count])
+			max_bytes[i % col_count] = bytes_required;
+
+		width_average[i % col_count] += width;
+	}
+
+	/* If we have rows, compute average */
+	if (col_count != 0 && cell_count != 0)
+	{
+		int			rows = cell_count / col_count;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < col_count; i++)
+			width_average[i] /= rows;
+	}
+
+	/* adjust the total display width based on border style */
+	if (opt_border == 0)
+		width_total = col_count;
+	else if (opt_border == 1)
+		width_total = col_count * 3 - ((col_count > 0) ? 1 : 0);
+	else
+		width_total = col_count * 3 + 1;
+	total_header_width = width_total;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < col_count; i++)
+	{
+		width_total += max_width[i];
+		total_header_width += width_header[i];
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * At this point: max_width[] contains the max width of each column,
+	 * max_nl_lines[] contains the max number of lines in each column,
+	 * max_bytes[] contains the maximum storage space for formatting strings,
+	 * width_total contains the giant width sum.  Now we allocate some memory
+	 * for line pointers.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < col_count; i++)
+	{
+		/* Add entry for ptr == NULL array termination */
+		col_lineptrs[i] = pg_malloc0((max_nl_lines[i] + 1) *
+									 sizeof(**col_lineptrs));
+
+		format_buf[i] = pg_malloc(max_bytes[i] + 1);
+
+		col_lineptrs[i]->ptr = format_buf[i];
+	}
+
+	/* Default word wrap to the full width, i.e. no word wrap */
+	for (i = 0; i < col_count; i++)
+		width_wrap[i] = max_width[i];
+
+	/*
+	 * Choose target output width: \pset columns, or $COLUMNS, or ioctl
+	 */
+	if (cont->opt->columns > 0)
+		output_columns = cont->opt->columns;
+	else if ((fout == stdout && isatty(fileno(stdout))) || is_pager)
+	{
+		if (cont->opt->env_columns > 0)
+			output_columns = cont->opt->env_columns;
+#ifdef TIOCGWINSZ
+		else
+		{
+			struct winsize screen_size;
+
+			if (ioctl(fileno(stdout), TIOCGWINSZ, &screen_size) != -1)
+				output_columns = screen_size.ws_col;
+		}
+#endif
+	}
+
+	if (cont->opt->format == PRINT_WRAPPED)
+	{
+		/*
+		 * Optional optimized word wrap. Shrink columns with a high max/avg
+		 * ratio.  Slightly bias against wider columns. (Increases chance a
+		 * narrow column will fit in its cell.)  If available columns is
+		 * positive...  and greater than the width of the unshrinkable column
+		 * headers
+		 */
+		if (output_columns > 0 && output_columns >= total_header_width)
+		{
+			/* While there is still excess width... */
+			while (width_total > output_columns)
+			{
+				double		max_ratio = 0;
+				int			worst_col = -1;
+
+				/*
+				 * Find column that has the highest ratio of its maximum width
+				 * compared to its average width.  This tells us which column
+				 * will produce the fewest wrapped values if shortened.
+				 * width_wrap starts as equal to max_width.
+				 */
+				for (i = 0; i < col_count; i++)
+				{
+					if (width_average[i] && width_wrap[i] > width_header[i])
+					{
+						/* Penalize wide columns by 1% of their width */
+						double		ratio;
+
+						ratio = (double) width_wrap[i] / width_average[i] +
+							max_width[i] * 0.01;
+						if (ratio > max_ratio)
+						{
+							max_ratio = ratio;
+							worst_col = i;
+						}
+					}
+				}
+
+				/* Exit loop if we can't squeeze any more. */
+				if (worst_col == -1)
+					break;
+
+				/* Decrease width of target column by one. */
+				width_wrap[worst_col]--;
+				width_total--;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If in expanded auto mode, we have now calculated the expected width, so
+	 * we can now escape to vertical mode if necessary.  If the output has
+	 * only one column, the expanded format would be wider than the regular
+	 * format, so don't use it in that case.
+	 */
+	if (cont->opt->expanded == 2 && output_columns > 0 && cont->ncolumns > 1 &&
+		(output_columns < total_header_width || output_columns < width_total))
+	{
+		print_aligned_vertical(cont, fout, is_pager);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	/* If we wrapped beyond the display width, use the pager */
+	if (!is_pager && fout == stdout && output_columns > 0 &&
+		(output_columns < total_header_width || output_columns < width_total))
+	{
+		fout = PageOutput(INT_MAX, cont->opt);	/* force pager */
+		is_pager = is_local_pager = true;
+	}
+
+	/* Check if newlines or our wrapping now need the pager */
+	if (!is_pager && fout == stdout)
+	{
+		/* scan all cells, find maximum width, compute cell_count */
+		for (i = 0, ptr = cont->cells; *ptr; ptr++, cell_count++)
+		{
+			int			width,
+						nl_lines,
+						bytes_required;
+
+			pg_wcssize((const unsigned char *) *ptr, strlen(*ptr), encoding,
+					   &width, &nl_lines, &bytes_required);
+
+			/*
+			 * A row can have both wrapping and newlines that cause it to
+			 * display across multiple lines.  We check for both cases below.
+			 */
+			if (width > 0 && width_wrap[i])
+			{
+				unsigned int extra_lines;
+
+				/* don't count the first line of nl_lines - it's not "extra" */
+				extra_lines = ((width - 1) / width_wrap[i]) + nl_lines - 1;
+				if (extra_lines > extra_row_output_lines)
+					extra_row_output_lines = extra_lines;
+			}
+
+			/* i is the current column number: increment with wrap */
+			if (++i >= col_count)
+			{
+				i = 0;
+				/* At last column of each row, add tallest column height */
+				extra_output_lines += extra_row_output_lines;
+				extra_row_output_lines = 0;
+			}
+		}
+		IsPagerNeeded(cont, extra_output_lines, false, &fout, &is_pager);
+		is_local_pager = is_pager;
+	}
+
+	/* time to output */
+	if (cont->opt->start_table)
+	{
+		/* print title */
+		if (cont->title && !opt_tuples_only)
+		{
+			int			width,
+						height;
+
+			pg_wcssize((const unsigned char *) cont->title, strlen(cont->title),
+					   encoding, &width, &height, NULL);
+			if (width >= width_total)
+				/* Aligned */
+				fprintf(fout, "%s\n", cont->title);
+			else
+				/* Centered */
+				fprintf(fout, "%-*s%s\n", (width_total - width) / 2, "",
+						cont->title);
+		}
+
+		/* print headers */
+		if (!opt_tuples_only)
+		{
+			int			more_col_wrapping;
+			int			curr_nl_line;
+
+			if (opt_border == 2)
+				_print_horizontal_line(col_count, width_wrap, opt_border,
+									   PRINT_RULE_TOP, format, fout);
+
+			for (i = 0; i < col_count; i++)
+				pg_wcsformat((const unsigned char *) cont->headers[i],
+							 strlen(cont->headers[i]), encoding,
+							 col_lineptrs[i], max_nl_lines[i]);
+
+			more_col_wrapping = col_count;
+			curr_nl_line = 0;
+			if (col_count > 0)
+				memset(header_done, false, col_count * sizeof(bool));
+			while (more_col_wrapping)
+			{
+				if (opt_border == 2)
+					fputs(dformat->leftvrule, fout);
+
+				for (i = 0; i < cont->ncolumns; i++)
+				{
+					struct lineptr *this_line = col_lineptrs[i] + curr_nl_line;
+					unsigned int nbspace;
+
+					if (opt_border != 0 ||
+						(!format->wrap_right_border && i > 0))
+						fputs(curr_nl_line ? format->header_nl_left : " ",
+							  fout);
+
+					if (!header_done[i])
+					{
+						nbspace = width_wrap[i] - this_line->width;
+
+						/* centered */
+						fprintf(fout, "%-*s%s%-*s",
+								nbspace / 2, "", this_line->ptr, (nbspace + 1) / 2, "");
+
+						if (!(this_line + 1)->ptr)
+						{
+							more_col_wrapping--;
+							header_done[i] = 1;
+						}
+					}
+					else
+						fprintf(fout, "%*s", width_wrap[i], "");
+
+					if (opt_border != 0 || format->wrap_right_border)
+						fputs(!header_done[i] ? format->header_nl_right : " ",
+							  fout);
+
+					if (opt_border != 0 && col_count > 0 && i < col_count - 1)
+						fputs(dformat->midvrule, fout);
+				}
+				curr_nl_line++;
+
+				if (opt_border == 2)
+					fputs(dformat->rightvrule, fout);
+				fputc('\n', fout);
+			}
+
+			_print_horizontal_line(col_count, width_wrap, opt_border,
+								   PRINT_RULE_MIDDLE, format, fout);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* print cells, one loop per row */
+	for (i = 0, ptr = cont->cells; *ptr; i += col_count, ptr += col_count)
+	{
+		bool		more_lines;
+
+		if (cancel_pressed)
+			break;
+
+		/*
+		 * Format each cell.
+		 */
+		for (j = 0; j < col_count; j++)
+		{
+			pg_wcsformat((const unsigned char *) ptr[j], strlen(ptr[j]), encoding,
+						 col_lineptrs[j], max_nl_lines[j]);
+			curr_nl_line[j] = 0;
+		}
+
+		memset(bytes_output, 0, col_count * sizeof(int));
+
+		/*
+		 * Each time through this loop, one display line is output. It can
+		 * either be a full value or a partial value if embedded newlines
+		 * exist or if 'format=wrapping' mode is enabled.
+		 */
+		do
+		{
+			more_lines = false;
+
+			/* left border */
+			if (opt_border == 2)
+				fputs(dformat->leftvrule, fout);
+
+			/* for each column */
+			for (j = 0; j < col_count; j++)
+			{
+				/* We have a valid array element, so index it */
+				struct lineptr *this_line = &col_lineptrs[j][curr_nl_line[j]];
+				int			bytes_to_output;
+				int			chars_to_output = width_wrap[j];
+				bool		finalspaces = (opt_border == 2 ||
+										   (col_count > 0 && j < col_count - 1));
+
+				/* Print left-hand wrap or newline mark */
+				if (opt_border != 0)
+				{
+					if (wrap[j] == PRINT_LINE_WRAP_WRAP)
+						fputs(format->wrap_left, fout);
+					else if (wrap[j] == PRINT_LINE_WRAP_NEWLINE)
+						fputs(format->nl_left, fout);
+					else
+						fputc(' ', fout);
+				}
+
+				if (!this_line->ptr)
+				{
+					/* Past newline lines so just pad for other columns */
+					if (finalspaces)
+						fprintf(fout, "%*s", chars_to_output, "");
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					/* Get strlen() of the characters up to width_wrap */
+					bytes_to_output =
+						strlen_max_width(this_line->ptr + bytes_output[j],
+										 &chars_to_output, encoding);
+
+					/*
+					 * If we exceeded width_wrap, it means the display width
+					 * of a single character was wider than our target width.
+					 * In that case, we have to pretend we are only printing
+					 * the target display width and make the best of it.
+					 */
+					if (chars_to_output > width_wrap[j])
+						chars_to_output = width_wrap[j];
+
+					if (cont->aligns[j] == 'r') /* Right aligned cell */
+					{
+						/* spaces first */
+						fprintf(fout, "%*s", width_wrap[j] - chars_to_output, "");
+						fwrite((char *) (this_line->ptr + bytes_output[j]),
+							   1, bytes_to_output, fout);
+					}
+					else		/* Left aligned cell */
+					{
+						/* spaces second */
+						fwrite((char *) (this_line->ptr + bytes_output[j]),
+							   1, bytes_to_output, fout);
+					}
+
+					bytes_output[j] += bytes_to_output;
+
+					/* Do we have more text to wrap? */
+					if (*(this_line->ptr + bytes_output[j]) != '\0')
+						more_lines = true;
+					else
+					{
+						/* Advance to next newline line */
+						curr_nl_line[j]++;
+						if (col_lineptrs[j][curr_nl_line[j]].ptr != NULL)
+							more_lines = true;
+						bytes_output[j] = 0;
+					}
+				}
+
+				/* Determine next line's wrap status for this column */
+				wrap[j] = PRINT_LINE_WRAP_NONE;
+				if (col_lineptrs[j][curr_nl_line[j]].ptr != NULL)
+				{
+					if (bytes_output[j] != 0)
+						wrap[j] = PRINT_LINE_WRAP_WRAP;
+					else if (curr_nl_line[j] != 0)
+						wrap[j] = PRINT_LINE_WRAP_NEWLINE;
+				}
+
+				/*
+				 * If left-aligned, pad out remaining space if needed (not
+				 * last column, and/or wrap marks required).
+				 */
+				if (cont->aligns[j] != 'r') /* Left aligned cell */
+				{
+					if (finalspaces ||
+						wrap[j] == PRINT_LINE_WRAP_WRAP ||
+						wrap[j] == PRINT_LINE_WRAP_NEWLINE)
+						fprintf(fout, "%*s",
+								width_wrap[j] - chars_to_output, "");
+				}
+
+				/* Print right-hand wrap or newline mark */
+				if (wrap[j] == PRINT_LINE_WRAP_WRAP)
+					fputs(format->wrap_right, fout);
+				else if (wrap[j] == PRINT_LINE_WRAP_NEWLINE)
+					fputs(format->nl_right, fout);
+				else if (opt_border == 2 || (col_count > 0 && j < col_count - 1))
+					fputc(' ', fout);
+
+				/* Print column divider, if not the last column */
+				if (opt_border != 0 && (col_count > 0 && j < col_count - 1))
+				{
+					if (wrap[j + 1] == PRINT_LINE_WRAP_WRAP)
+						fputs(format->midvrule_wrap, fout);
+					else if (wrap[j + 1] == PRINT_LINE_WRAP_NEWLINE)
+						fputs(format->midvrule_nl, fout);
+					else if (col_lineptrs[j + 1][curr_nl_line[j + 1]].ptr == NULL)
+						fputs(format->midvrule_blank, fout);
+					else
+						fputs(dformat->midvrule, fout);
+				}
+			}
+
+			/* end-of-row border */
+			if (opt_border == 2)
+				fputs(dformat->rightvrule, fout);
+			fputc('\n', fout);
+		} while (more_lines);
+	}
+
+	if (cont->opt->stop_table)
+	{
+		printTableFooter *footers = footers_with_default(cont);
+
+		if (opt_border == 2 && !cancel_pressed)
+			_print_horizontal_line(col_count, width_wrap, opt_border,
+								   PRINT_RULE_BOTTOM, format, fout);
+
+		/* print footers */
+		if (footers && !opt_tuples_only && !cancel_pressed)
+		{
+			printTableFooter *f;
+
+			for (f = footers; f; f = f->next)
+				fprintf(fout, "%s\n", f->data);
+		}
+
+		fputc('\n', fout);
+	}
+
+cleanup:
+	/* clean up */
+	for (i = 0; i < col_count; i++)
+	{
+		free(col_lineptrs[i]);
+		free(format_buf[i]);
+	}
+	free(width_header);
+	free(width_average);
+	free(max_width);
+	free(width_wrap);
+	free(max_nl_lines);
+	free(curr_nl_line);
+	free(col_lineptrs);
+	free(max_bytes);
+	free(format_buf);
+	free(header_done);
+	free(bytes_output);
+	free(wrap);
+
+	if (is_local_pager)
+		ClosePager(fout);
+}
+
+
+static void
+print_aligned_vertical_line(const printTextFormat *format,
+							const unsigned short opt_border,
+							unsigned long record,
+							unsigned int hwidth,
+							unsigned int dwidth,
+							printTextRule pos,
+							FILE *fout)
+{
+	const printTextLineFormat *lformat = &format->lrule[pos];
+	unsigned int i;
+	int			reclen = 0;
+
+	if (opt_border == 2)
+		fprintf(fout, "%s%s", lformat->leftvrule, lformat->hrule);
+	else if (opt_border == 1)
+		fputs(lformat->hrule, fout);
+
+	if (record)
+	{
+		if (opt_border == 0)
+			reclen = fprintf(fout, "* Record %lu", record);
+		else
+			reclen = fprintf(fout, "[ RECORD %lu ]", record);
+	}
+	if (opt_border != 2)
+		reclen++;
+	if (reclen < 0)
+		reclen = 0;
+	for (i = reclen; i < hwidth; i++)
+		fputs(opt_border > 0 ? lformat->hrule : " ", fout);
+	reclen -= hwidth;
+
+	if (opt_border > 0)
+	{
+		if (reclen-- <= 0)
+			fputs(lformat->hrule, fout);
+		if (reclen-- <= 0)
+			fputs(lformat->midvrule, fout);
+		if (reclen-- <= 0)
+			fputs(lformat->hrule, fout);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		if (reclen-- <= 0)
+			fputc(' ', fout);
+	}
+	if (reclen < 0)
+		reclen = 0;
+	for (i = reclen; i < dwidth; i++)
+		fputs(opt_border > 0 ? lformat->hrule : " ", fout);
+	if (opt_border == 2)
+		fprintf(fout, "%s%s", lformat->hrule, lformat->rightvrule);
+	fputc('\n', fout);
+}
+
+static void
+print_aligned_vertical(const printTableContent *cont,
+					   FILE *fout, bool is_pager)
+{
+	bool		opt_tuples_only = cont->opt->tuples_only;
+	unsigned short opt_border = cont->opt->border;
+	const printTextFormat *format = get_line_style(cont->opt);
+	const printTextLineFormat *dformat = &format->lrule[PRINT_RULE_DATA];
+	int			encoding = cont->opt->encoding;
+	unsigned long record = cont->opt->prior_records + 1;
+	const char *const *ptr;
+	unsigned int i,
+				hwidth = 0,
+				dwidth = 0,
+				hheight = 1,
+				dheight = 1,
+				hformatsize = 0,
+				dformatsize = 0;
+	struct lineptr *hlineptr,
+			   *dlineptr;
+	bool		is_local_pager = false,
+				hmultiline = false,
+				dmultiline = false;
+	int			output_columns = 0; /* Width of interactive console */
+
+	if (cancel_pressed)
+		return;
+
+	if (opt_border > 2)
+		opt_border = 2;
+
+	if (cont->cells[0] == NULL && cont->opt->start_table &&
+		cont->opt->stop_table)
+	{
+		printTableFooter *footers = footers_with_default(cont);
+
+		if (!opt_tuples_only && !cancel_pressed && footers)
+		{
+			printTableFooter *f;
+
+			for (f = footers; f; f = f->next)
+				fprintf(fout, "%s\n", f->data);
+		}
+
+		fputc('\n', fout);
+
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Deal with the pager here instead of in printTable(), because we could
+	 * get here via print_aligned_text() in expanded auto mode, and so we have
+	 * to recalculate the pager requirement based on vertical output.
+	 */
+	if (!is_pager)
+	{
+		IsPagerNeeded(cont, 0, true, &fout, &is_pager);
+		is_local_pager = is_pager;
+	}
+
+	/* Find the maximum dimensions for the headers */
+	for (i = 0; i < cont->ncolumns; i++)
+	{
+		int			width,
+					height,
+					fs;
+
+		pg_wcssize((const unsigned char *) cont->headers[i], strlen(cont->headers[i]),
+				   encoding, &width, &height, &fs);
+		if (width > hwidth)
+			hwidth = width;
+		if (height > hheight)
+		{
+			hheight = height;
+			hmultiline = true;
+		}
+		if (fs > hformatsize)
+			hformatsize = fs;
+	}
+
+	/* find longest data cell */
+	for (i = 0, ptr = cont->cells; *ptr; ptr++, i++)
+	{
+		int			width,
+					height,
+					fs;
+
+		pg_wcssize((const unsigned char *) *ptr, strlen(*ptr), encoding,
+				   &width, &height, &fs);
+		if (width > dwidth)
+			dwidth = width;
+		if (height > dheight)
+		{
+			dheight = height;
+			dmultiline = true;
+		}
+		if (fs > dformatsize)
+			dformatsize = fs;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We now have all the information we need to setup the formatting
+	 * structures
+	 */
+	dlineptr = pg_malloc((sizeof(*dlineptr)) * (dheight + 1));
+	hlineptr = pg_malloc((sizeof(*hlineptr)) * (hheight + 1));
+
+	dlineptr->ptr = pg_malloc(dformatsize);
+	hlineptr->ptr = pg_malloc(hformatsize);
+
+	if (cont->opt->start_table)
+	{
+		/* print title */
+		if (!opt_tuples_only && cont->title)
+			fprintf(fout, "%s\n", cont->title);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Choose target output width: \pset columns, or $COLUMNS, or ioctl
+	 */
+	if (cont->opt->columns > 0)
+		output_columns = cont->opt->columns;
+	else if ((fout == stdout && isatty(fileno(stdout))) || is_pager)
+	{
+		if (cont->opt->env_columns > 0)
+			output_columns = cont->opt->env_columns;
+#ifdef TIOCGWINSZ
+		else
+		{
+			struct winsize screen_size;
+
+			if (ioctl(fileno(stdout), TIOCGWINSZ, &screen_size) != -1)
+				output_columns = screen_size.ws_col;
+		}
+#endif
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Calculate available width for data in wrapped mode
+	 */
+	if (cont->opt->format == PRINT_WRAPPED)
+	{
+		unsigned int swidth,
+					rwidth = 0,
+					newdwidth;
+
+		if (opt_border == 0)
+		{
+			/*
+			 * For border = 0, one space in the middle.  (If we discover we
+			 * need to wrap, the spacer column will be replaced by a wrap
+			 * marker, and we'll make room below for another wrap marker at
+			 * the end of the line.  But for now, assume no wrap is needed.)
+			 */
+			swidth = 1;
+
+			/* We might need a column for header newline markers, too */
+			if (hmultiline)
+				swidth++;
+		}
+		else if (opt_border == 1)
+		{
+			/*
+			 * For border = 1, two spaces and a vrule in the middle.  (As
+			 * above, we might need one more column for a wrap marker.)
+			 */
+			swidth = 3;
+
+			/* We might need a column for left header newline markers, too */
+			if (hmultiline && (format == &pg_asciiformat_old))
+				swidth++;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			/*
+			 * For border = 2, two more for the vrules at the beginning and
+			 * end of the lines, plus spacer columns adjacent to these.  (We
+			 * won't need extra columns for wrap/newline markers, we'll just
+			 * repurpose the spacers.)
+			 */
+			swidth = 7;
+		}
+
+		/* Reserve a column for data newline indicators, too, if needed */
+		if (dmultiline &&
+			opt_border < 2 && format != &pg_asciiformat_old)
+			swidth++;
+
+		/* Determine width required for record header lines */
+		if (!opt_tuples_only)
+		{
+			if (cont->nrows > 0)
+				rwidth = 1 + (int) log10(cont->nrows);
+			if (opt_border == 0)
+				rwidth += 9;	/* "* RECORD " */
+			else if (opt_border == 1)
+				rwidth += 12;	/* "-[ RECORD  ]" */
+			else
+				rwidth += 15;	/* "+-[ RECORD  ]-+" */
+		}
+
+		/* We might need to do the rest of the calculation twice */
+		for (;;)
+		{
+			unsigned int width;
+
+			/* Total width required to not wrap data */
+			width = hwidth + swidth + dwidth;
+			/* ... and not the header lines, either */
+			if (width < rwidth)
+				width = rwidth;
+
+			if (output_columns > 0)
+			{
+				unsigned int min_width;
+
+				/* Minimum acceptable width: room for just 3 columns of data */
+				min_width = hwidth + swidth + 3;
+				/* ... but not less than what the record header lines need */
+				if (min_width < rwidth)
+					min_width = rwidth;
+
+				if (output_columns >= width)
+				{
+					/* Plenty of room, use native data width */
+					/* (but at least enough for the record header lines) */
+					newdwidth = width - hwidth - swidth;
+				}
+				else if (output_columns < min_width)
+				{
+					/* Set data width to match min_width */
+					newdwidth = min_width - hwidth - swidth;
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					/* Set data width to match output_columns */
+					newdwidth = output_columns - hwidth - swidth;
+				}
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				/* Don't know the wrap limit, so use native data width */
+				/* (but at least enough for the record header lines) */
+				newdwidth = width - hwidth - swidth;
+			}
+
+			/*
+			 * If we will need to wrap data and didn't already allocate a data
+			 * newline/wrap marker column, do so and recompute.
+			 */
+			if (newdwidth < dwidth && !dmultiline &&
+				opt_border < 2 && format != &pg_asciiformat_old)
+			{
+				dmultiline = true;
+				swidth++;
+			}
+			else
+				break;
+		}
+
+		dwidth = newdwidth;
+	}
+
+	/* print records */
+	for (i = 0, ptr = cont->cells; *ptr; i++, ptr++)
+	{
+		printTextRule pos;
+		int			dline,
+					hline,
+					dcomplete,
+					hcomplete,
+					offset,
+					chars_to_output;
+
+		if (cancel_pressed)
+			break;
+
+		if (i == 0)
+			pos = PRINT_RULE_TOP;
+		else
+			pos = PRINT_RULE_MIDDLE;
+
+		/* Print record header (e.g. "[ RECORD N ]") above each record */
+		if (i % cont->ncolumns == 0)
+		{
+			unsigned int lhwidth = hwidth;
+
+			if ((opt_border < 2) &&
+				(hmultiline) &&
+				(format == &pg_asciiformat_old))
+				lhwidth++;		/* for newline indicators */
+
+			if (!opt_tuples_only)
+				print_aligned_vertical_line(format, opt_border, record++,
+											lhwidth, dwidth, pos, fout);
+			else if (i != 0 || !cont->opt->start_table || opt_border == 2)
+				print_aligned_vertical_line(format, opt_border, 0, lhwidth,
+											dwidth, pos, fout);
+		}
+
+		/* Format the header */
+		pg_wcsformat((const unsigned char *) cont->headers[i % cont->ncolumns],
+					 strlen(cont->headers[i % cont->ncolumns]),
+					 encoding, hlineptr, hheight);
+		/* Format the data */
+		pg_wcsformat((const unsigned char *) *ptr, strlen(*ptr), encoding,
+					 dlineptr, dheight);
+
+		/*
+		 * Loop through header and data in parallel dealing with newlines and
+		 * wrapped lines until they're both exhausted
+		 */
+		dline = hline = 0;
+		dcomplete = hcomplete = 0;
+		offset = 0;
+		chars_to_output = dlineptr[dline].width;
+		while (!dcomplete || !hcomplete)
+		{
+			/* Left border */
+			if (opt_border == 2)
+				fprintf(fout, "%s", dformat->leftvrule);
+
+			/* Header (never wrapped so just need to deal with newlines) */
+			if (!hcomplete)
+			{
+				int			swidth = hwidth,
+							target_width = hwidth;
+
+				/*
+				 * Left spacer or new line indicator
+				 */
+				if ((opt_border == 2) ||
+					(hmultiline && (format == &pg_asciiformat_old)))
+					fputs(hline ? format->header_nl_left : " ", fout);
+
+				/*
+				 * Header text
+				 */
+				strlen_max_width(hlineptr[hline].ptr, &target_width,
+								 encoding);
+				fprintf(fout, "%-s", hlineptr[hline].ptr);
+
+				/*
+				 * Spacer
+				 */
+				swidth -= target_width;
+				if (swidth > 0)
+					fprintf(fout, "%*s", swidth, " ");
+
+				/*
+				 * New line indicator or separator's space
+				 */
+				if (hlineptr[hline + 1].ptr)
+				{
+					/* More lines after this one due to a newline */
+					if ((opt_border > 0) ||
+						(hmultiline && (format != &pg_asciiformat_old)))
+						fputs(format->header_nl_right, fout);
+					hline++;
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					/* This was the last line of the header */
+					if ((opt_border > 0) ||
+						(hmultiline && (format != &pg_asciiformat_old)))
+						fputs(" ", fout);
+					hcomplete = 1;
+				}
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				unsigned int swidth = hwidth + opt_border;
+
+				if ((opt_border < 2) &&
+					(hmultiline) &&
+					(format == &pg_asciiformat_old))
+					swidth++;
+
+				if ((opt_border == 0) &&
+					(format != &pg_asciiformat_old) &&
+					(hmultiline))
+					swidth++;
+
+				fprintf(fout, "%*s", swidth, " ");
+			}
+
+			/* Separator */
+			if (opt_border > 0)
+			{
+				if (offset)
+					fputs(format->midvrule_wrap, fout);
+				else if (dline == 0)
+					fputs(dformat->midvrule, fout);
+				else
+					fputs(format->midvrule_nl, fout);
+			}
+
+			/* Data */
+			if (!dcomplete)
+			{
+				int			target_width = dwidth,
+							bytes_to_output,
+							swidth = dwidth;
+
+				/*
+				 * Left spacer or wrap indicator
+				 */
+				fputs(offset == 0 ? " " : format->wrap_left, fout);
+
+				/*
+				 * Data text
+				 */
+				bytes_to_output = strlen_max_width(dlineptr[dline].ptr + offset,
+												   &target_width, encoding);
+				fwrite((char *) (dlineptr[dline].ptr + offset),
+					   1, bytes_to_output, fout);
+
+				chars_to_output -= target_width;
+				offset += bytes_to_output;
+
+				/* Spacer */
+				swidth -= target_width;
+
+				if (chars_to_output)
+				{
+					/* continuing a wrapped column */
+					if ((opt_border > 1) ||
+						(dmultiline && (format != &pg_asciiformat_old)))
+					{
+						if (swidth > 0)
+							fprintf(fout, "%*s", swidth, " ");
+						fputs(format->wrap_right, fout);
+					}
+				}
+				else if (dlineptr[dline + 1].ptr)
+				{
+					/* reached a newline in the column */
+					if ((opt_border > 1) ||
+						(dmultiline && (format != &pg_asciiformat_old)))
+					{
+						if (swidth > 0)
+							fprintf(fout, "%*s", swidth, " ");
+						fputs(format->nl_right, fout);
+					}
+					dline++;
+					offset = 0;
+					chars_to_output = dlineptr[dline].width;
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					/* reached the end of the cell */
+					if (opt_border > 1)
+					{
+						if (swidth > 0)
+							fprintf(fout, "%*s", swidth, " ");
+						fputs(" ", fout);
+					}
+					dcomplete = 1;
+				}
+
+				/* Right border */
+				if (opt_border == 2)
+					fputs(dformat->rightvrule, fout);
+
+				fputs("\n", fout);
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				/*
+				 * data exhausted (this can occur if header is longer than the
+				 * data due to newlines in the header)
+				 */
+				if (opt_border < 2)
+					fputs("\n", fout);
+				else
+					fprintf(fout, "%*s  %s\n", dwidth, "", dformat->rightvrule);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (cont->opt->stop_table)
+	{
+		if (opt_border == 2 && !cancel_pressed)
+			print_aligned_vertical_line(format, opt_border, 0, hwidth, dwidth,
+										PRINT_RULE_BOTTOM, fout);
+
+		/* print footers */
+		if (!opt_tuples_only && cont->footers != NULL && !cancel_pressed)
+		{
+			printTableFooter *f;
+
+			if (opt_border < 2)
+				fputc('\n', fout);
+			for (f = cont->footers; f; f = f->next)
+				fprintf(fout, "%s\n", f->data);
+		}
+
+		fputc('\n', fout);
+	}
+
+	free(hlineptr->ptr);
+	free(dlineptr->ptr);
+	free(hlineptr);
+	free(dlineptr);
+
+	if (is_local_pager)
+		ClosePager(fout);
+}
+
+
+/**********************/
+/* CSV format		  */
+/**********************/
+
+
+static void
+csv_escaped_print(const char *str, FILE *fout)
+{
+	const char *p;
+
+	fputc('"', fout);
+	for (p = str; *p; p++)
+	{
+		if (*p == '"')
+			fputc('"', fout);	/* double quotes are doubled */
+		fputc(*p, fout);
+	}
+	fputc('"', fout);
+}
+
+static void
+csv_print_field(const char *str, FILE *fout, char sep)
+{
+	/*----------------
+	 * Enclose and escape field contents when one of these conditions is met:
+	 * - the field separator is found in the contents.
+	 * - the field contains a CR or LF.
+	 * - the field contains a double quote.
+	 * - the field is exactly "\.".
+	 * - the field separator is either "\" or ".".
+	 * The last two cases prevent producing a line that the server's COPY
+	 * command would interpret as an end-of-data marker.  We only really
+	 * need to ensure that the complete line isn't exactly "\.", but for
+	 * simplicity we apply stronger restrictions here.
+	 *----------------
+	 */
+	if (strchr(str, sep) != NULL ||
+		strcspn(str, "\r\n\"") != strlen(str) ||
+		strcmp(str, "\\.") == 0 ||
+		sep == '\\' || sep == '.')
+		csv_escaped_print(str, fout);
+	else
+		fputs(str, fout);
+}
+
+static void
+print_csv_text(const printTableContent *cont, FILE *fout)
+{
+	const char *const *ptr;
+	int			i;
+
+	if (cancel_pressed)
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * The title and footer are never printed in csv format. The header is
+	 * printed if opt_tuples_only is false.
+	 *
+	 * Despite RFC 4180 saying that end of lines are CRLF, terminate lines
+	 * with '\n', which prints out as the system-dependent EOL string in text
+	 * mode (typically LF on Unix and CRLF on Windows).
+	 */
+	if (cont->opt->start_table && !cont->opt->tuples_only)
+	{
+		/* print headers */
+		for (ptr = cont->headers; *ptr; ptr++)
+		{
+			if (ptr != cont->headers)
+				fputc(cont->opt->csvFieldSep[0], fout);
+			csv_print_field(*ptr, fout, cont->opt->csvFieldSep[0]);
+		}
+		fputc('\n', fout);
+	}
+
+	/* print cells */
+	for (i = 0, ptr = cont->cells; *ptr; i++, ptr++)
+	{
+		csv_print_field(*ptr, fout, cont->opt->csvFieldSep[0]);
+		if ((i + 1) % cont->ncolumns)
+			fputc(cont->opt->csvFieldSep[0], fout);
+		else
+			fputc('\n', fout);
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+print_csv_vertical(const printTableContent *cont, FILE *fout)
+{
+	const char *const *ptr;
+	int			i;
+
+	/* print records */
+	for (i = 0, ptr = cont->cells; *ptr; i++, ptr++)
+	{
+		if (cancel_pressed)
+			return;
+
+		/* print name of column */
+		csv_print_field(cont->headers[i % cont->ncolumns], fout,
+						cont->opt->csvFieldSep[0]);
+
+		/* print field separator */
+		fputc(cont->opt->csvFieldSep[0], fout);
+
+		/* print field value */
+		csv_print_field(*ptr, fout, cont->opt->csvFieldSep[0]);
+
+		fputc('\n', fout);
+	}
+}
+
+
+/**********************/
+/* HTML				  */
+/**********************/
+
+
+void
+html_escaped_print(const char *in, FILE *fout)
+{
+	const char *p;
+	bool		leading_space = true;
+
+	for (p = in; *p; p++)
+	{
+		switch (*p)
+		{
+			case '&':
+				fputs("&amp;", fout);
+				break;
+			case '<':
+				fputs("&lt;", fout);
+				break;
+			case '>':
+				fputs("&gt;", fout);
+				break;
+			case '\n':
+				fputs("<br />\n", fout);
+				break;
+			case '"':
+				fputs("&quot;", fout);
+				break;
+			case ' ':
+				/* protect leading space, for EXPLAIN output */
+				if (leading_space)
+					fputs("&nbsp;", fout);
+				else
+					fputs(" ", fout);
+				break;
+			default:
+				fputc(*p, fout);
+		}
+		if (*p != ' ')
+			leading_space = false;
+	}
+}
+
+
+static void
+print_html_text(const printTableContent *cont, FILE *fout)
+{
+	bool		opt_tuples_only = cont->opt->tuples_only;
+	unsigned short opt_border = cont->opt->border;
+	const char *opt_table_attr = cont->opt->tableAttr;
+	unsigned int i;
+	const char *const *ptr;
+
+	if (cancel_pressed)
+		return;
+
+	if (cont->opt->start_table)
+	{
+		fprintf(fout, "<table border=\"%d\"", opt_border);
+		if (opt_table_attr)
+			fprintf(fout, " %s", opt_table_attr);
+		fputs(">\n", fout);
+
+		/* print title */
+		if (!opt_tuples_only && cont->title)
+		{
+			fputs("  <caption>", fout);
+			html_escaped_print(cont->title, fout);
+			fputs("</caption>\n", fout);
+		}
+
+		/* print headers */
+		if (!opt_tuples_only)
+		{
+			fputs("  <tr>\n", fout);
+			for (ptr = cont->headers; *ptr; ptr++)
+			{
+				fputs("    <th align=\"center\">", fout);
+				html_escaped_print(*ptr, fout);
+				fputs("</th>\n", fout);
+			}
+			fputs("  </tr>\n", fout);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* print cells */
+	for (i = 0, ptr = cont->cells; *ptr; i++, ptr++)
+	{
+		if (i % cont->ncolumns == 0)
+		{
+			if (cancel_pressed)
+				break;
+			fputs("  <tr valign=\"top\">\n", fout);
+		}
+
+		fprintf(fout, "    <td align=\"%s\">", cont->aligns[(i) % cont->ncolumns] == 'r' ? "right" : "left");
+		/* is string only whitespace? */
+		if ((*ptr)[strspn(*ptr, " \t")] == '\0')
+			fputs("&nbsp; ", fout);
+		else
+			html_escaped_print(*ptr, fout);
+
+		fputs("</td>\n", fout);
+
+		if ((i + 1) % cont->ncolumns == 0)
+			fputs("  </tr>\n", fout);
+	}
+
+	if (cont->opt->stop_table)
+	{
+		printTableFooter *footers = footers_with_default(cont);
+
+		fputs("</table>\n", fout);
+
+		/* print footers */
+		if (!opt_tuples_only && footers != NULL && !cancel_pressed)
+		{
+			printTableFooter *f;
+
+			fputs("<p>", fout);
+			for (f = footers; f; f = f->next)
+			{
+				html_escaped_print(f->data, fout);
+				fputs("<br />\n", fout);
+			}
+			fputs("</p>", fout);
+		}
+
+		fputc('\n', fout);
+	}
+}
+
+
+static void
+print_html_vertical(const printTableContent *cont, FILE *fout)
+{
+	bool		opt_tuples_only = cont->opt->tuples_only;
+	unsigned short opt_border = cont->opt->border;
+	const char *opt_table_attr = cont->opt->tableAttr;
+	unsigned long record = cont->opt->prior_records + 1;
+	unsigned int i;
+	const char *const *ptr;
+
+	if (cancel_pressed)
+		return;
+
+	if (cont->opt->start_table)
+	{
+		fprintf(fout, "<table border=\"%d\"", opt_border);
+		if (opt_table_attr)
+			fprintf(fout, " %s", opt_table_attr);
+		fputs(">\n", fout);
+
+		/* print title */
+		if (!opt_tuples_only && cont->title)
+		{
+			fputs("  <caption>", fout);
+			html_escaped_print(cont->title, fout);
+			fputs("</caption>\n", fout);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* print records */
+	for (i = 0, ptr = cont->cells; *ptr; i++, ptr++)
+	{
+		if (i % cont->ncolumns == 0)
+		{
+			if (cancel_pressed)
+				break;
+			if (!opt_tuples_only)
+				fprintf(fout,
+						"\n  <tr><td colspan=\"2\" align=\"center\">Record %lu</td></tr>\n",
+						record++);
+			else
+				fputs("\n  <tr><td colspan=\"2\">&nbsp;</td></tr>\n", fout);
+		}
+		fputs("  <tr valign=\"top\">\n"
+			  "    <th>", fout);
+		html_escaped_print(cont->headers[i % cont->ncolumns], fout);
+		fputs("</th>\n", fout);
+
+		fprintf(fout, "    <td align=\"%s\">", cont->aligns[i % cont->ncolumns] == 'r' ? "right" : "left");
+		/* is string only whitespace? */
+		if ((*ptr)[strspn(*ptr, " \t")] == '\0')
+			fputs("&nbsp; ", fout);
+		else
+			html_escaped_print(*ptr, fout);
+
+		fputs("</td>\n  </tr>\n", fout);
+	}
+
+	if (cont->opt->stop_table)
+	{
+		fputs("</table>\n", fout);
+
+		/* print footers */
+		if (!opt_tuples_only && cont->footers != NULL && !cancel_pressed)
+		{
+			printTableFooter *f;
+
+			fputs("<p>", fout);
+			for (f = cont->footers; f; f = f->next)
+			{
+				html_escaped_print(f->data, fout);
+				fputs("<br />\n", fout);
+			}
+			fputs("</p>", fout);
+		}
+
+		fputc('\n', fout);
+	}
+}
+
+
+/*************************/
+/* ASCIIDOC				 */
+/*************************/
+
+
+static void
+asciidoc_escaped_print(const char *in, FILE *fout)
+{
+	const char *p;
+
+	for (p = in; *p; p++)
+	{
+		switch (*p)
+		{
+			case '|':
+				fputs("\\|", fout);
+				break;
+			default:
+				fputc(*p, fout);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+print_asciidoc_text(const printTableContent *cont, FILE *fout)
+{
+	bool		opt_tuples_only = cont->opt->tuples_only;
+	unsigned short opt_border = cont->opt->border;
+	unsigned int i;
+	const char *const *ptr;
+
+	if (cancel_pressed)
+		return;
+
+	if (cont->opt->start_table)
+	{
+		/* print table in new paragraph - enforce preliminary new line */
+		fputs("\n", fout);
+
+		/* print title */
+		if (!opt_tuples_only && cont->title)
+		{
+			fputs(".", fout);
+			fputs(cont->title, fout);
+			fputs("\n", fout);
+		}
+
+		/* print table [] header definition */
+		fprintf(fout, "[%scols=\"", !opt_tuples_only ? "options=\"header\"," : "");
+		for (i = 0; i < cont->ncolumns; i++)
+		{
+			if (i != 0)
+				fputs(",", fout);
+			fprintf(fout, "%s", cont->aligns[(i) % cont->ncolumns] == 'r' ? ">l" : "<l");
+		}
+		fputs("\"", fout);
+		switch (opt_border)
+		{
+			case 0:
+				fputs(",frame=\"none\",grid=\"none\"", fout);
+				break;
+			case 1:
+				fputs(",frame=\"none\"", fout);
+				break;
+			case 2:
+				fputs(",frame=\"all\",grid=\"all\"", fout);
+				break;
+		}
+		fputs("]\n", fout);
+		fputs("|====\n", fout);
+
+		/* print headers */
+		if (!opt_tuples_only)
+		{
+			for (ptr = cont->headers; *ptr; ptr++)
+			{
+				if (ptr != cont->headers)
+					fputs(" ", fout);
+				fputs("^l|", fout);
+				asciidoc_escaped_print(*ptr, fout);
+			}
+			fputs("\n", fout);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* print cells */
+	for (i = 0, ptr = cont->cells; *ptr; i++, ptr++)
+	{
+		if (i % cont->ncolumns == 0)
+		{
+			if (cancel_pressed)
+				break;
+		}
+
+		if (i % cont->ncolumns != 0)
+			fputs(" ", fout);
+		fputs("|", fout);
+
+		/* protect against needless spaces */
+		if ((*ptr)[strspn(*ptr, " \t")] == '\0')
+		{
+			if ((i + 1) % cont->ncolumns != 0)
+				fputs(" ", fout);
+		}
+		else
+			asciidoc_escaped_print(*ptr, fout);
+
+		if ((i + 1) % cont->ncolumns == 0)
+			fputs("\n", fout);
+	}
+
+	fputs("|====\n", fout);
+
+	if (cont->opt->stop_table)
+	{
+		printTableFooter *footers = footers_with_default(cont);
+
+		/* print footers */
+		if (!opt_tuples_only && footers != NULL && !cancel_pressed)
+		{
+			printTableFooter *f;
+
+			fputs("\n....\n", fout);
+			for (f = footers; f; f = f->next)
+			{
+				fputs(f->data, fout);
+				fputs("\n", fout);
+			}
+			fputs("....\n", fout);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+print_asciidoc_vertical(const printTableContent *cont, FILE *fout)
+{
+	bool		opt_tuples_only = cont->opt->tuples_only;
+	unsigned short opt_border = cont->opt->border;
+	unsigned long record = cont->opt->prior_records + 1;
+	unsigned int i;
+	const char *const *ptr;
+
+	if (cancel_pressed)
+		return;
+
+	if (cont->opt->start_table)
+	{
+		/* print table in new paragraph - enforce preliminary new line */
+		fputs("\n", fout);
+
+		/* print title */
+		if (!opt_tuples_only && cont->title)
+		{
+			fputs(".", fout);
+			fputs(cont->title, fout);
+			fputs("\n", fout);
+		}
+
+		/* print table [] header definition */
+		fputs("[cols=\"h,l\"", fout);
+		switch (opt_border)
+		{
+			case 0:
+				fputs(",frame=\"none\",grid=\"none\"", fout);
+				break;
+			case 1:
+				fputs(",frame=\"none\"", fout);
+				break;
+			case 2:
+				fputs(",frame=\"all\",grid=\"all\"", fout);
+				break;
+		}
+		fputs("]\n", fout);
+		fputs("|====\n", fout);
+	}
+
+	/* print records */
+	for (i = 0, ptr = cont->cells; *ptr; i++, ptr++)
+	{
+		if (i % cont->ncolumns == 0)
+		{
+			if (cancel_pressed)
+				break;
+			if (!opt_tuples_only)
+				fprintf(fout,
+						"2+^|Record %lu\n",
+						record++);
+			else
+				fputs("2+|\n", fout);
+		}
+
+		fputs("<l|", fout);
+		asciidoc_escaped_print(cont->headers[i % cont->ncolumns], fout);
+
+		fprintf(fout, " %s|", cont->aligns[i % cont->ncolumns] == 'r' ? ">l" : "<l");
+		/* is string only whitespace? */
+		if ((*ptr)[strspn(*ptr, " \t")] == '\0')
+			fputs(" ", fout);
+		else
+			asciidoc_escaped_print(*ptr, fout);
+		fputs("\n", fout);
+	}
+
+	fputs("|====\n", fout);
+
+	if (cont->opt->stop_table)
+	{
+		/* print footers */
+		if (!opt_tuples_only && cont->footers != NULL && !cancel_pressed)
+		{
+			printTableFooter *f;
+
+			fputs("\n....\n", fout);
+			for (f = cont->footers; f; f = f->next)
+			{
+				fputs(f->data, fout);
+				fputs("\n", fout);
+			}
+			fputs("....\n", fout);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+/*************************/
+/* LaTeX				 */
+/*************************/
+
+
+static void
+latex_escaped_print(const char *in, FILE *fout)
+{
+	const char *p;
+
+	for (p = in; *p; p++)
+		switch (*p)
+		{
+				/*
+				 * We convert ASCII characters per the recommendations in
+				 * Scott Pakin's "The Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List",
+				 * available from CTAN.  For non-ASCII, you're on your own.
+				 */
+			case '#':
+				fputs("\\#", fout);
+				break;
+			case '$':
+				fputs("\\$", fout);
+				break;
+			case '%':
+				fputs("\\%", fout);
+				break;
+			case '&':
+				fputs("\\&", fout);
+				break;
+			case '<':
+				fputs("\\textless{}", fout);
+				break;
+			case '>':
+				fputs("\\textgreater{}", fout);
+				break;
+			case '\\':
+				fputs("\\textbackslash{}", fout);
+				break;
+			case '^':
+				fputs("\\^{}", fout);
+				break;
+			case '_':
+				fputs("\\_", fout);
+				break;
+			case '{':
+				fputs("\\{", fout);
+				break;
+			case '|':
+				fputs("\\textbar{}", fout);
+				break;
+			case '}':
+				fputs("\\}", fout);
+				break;
+			case '~':
+				fputs("\\~{}", fout);
+				break;
+			case '\n':
+				/* This is not right, but doing it right seems too hard */
+				fputs("\\\\", fout);
+				break;
+			default:
+				fputc(*p, fout);
+		}
+}
+
+
+static void
+print_latex_text(const printTableContent *cont, FILE *fout)
+{
+	bool		opt_tuples_only = cont->opt->tuples_only;
+	unsigned short opt_border = cont->opt->border;
+	unsigned int i;
+	const char *const *ptr;
+
+	if (cancel_pressed)
+		return;
+
+	if (opt_border > 3)
+		opt_border = 3;
+
+	if (cont->opt->start_table)
+	{
+		/* print title */
+		if (!opt_tuples_only && cont->title)
+		{
+			fputs("\\begin{center}\n", fout);
+			latex_escaped_print(cont->title, fout);
+			fputs("\n\\end{center}\n\n", fout);
+		}
+
+		/* begin environment and set alignments and borders */
+		fputs("\\begin{tabular}{", fout);
+
+		if (opt_border >= 2)
+			fputs("| ", fout);
+		for (i = 0; i < cont->ncolumns; i++)
+		{
+			fputc(*(cont->aligns + i), fout);
+			if (opt_border != 0 && i < cont->ncolumns - 1)
+				fputs(" | ", fout);
+		}
+		if (opt_border >= 2)
+			fputs(" |", fout);
+
+		fputs("}\n", fout);
+
+		if (!opt_tuples_only && opt_border >= 2)
+			fputs("\\hline\n", fout);
+
+		/* print headers */
+		if (!opt_tuples_only)
+		{
+			for (i = 0, ptr = cont->headers; i < cont->ncolumns; i++, ptr++)
+			{
+				if (i != 0)
+					fputs(" & ", fout);
+				fputs("\\textit{", fout);
+				latex_escaped_print(*ptr, fout);
+				fputc('}', fout);
+			}
+			fputs(" \\\\\n", fout);
+			fputs("\\hline\n", fout);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* print cells */
+	for (i = 0, ptr = cont->cells; *ptr; i++, ptr++)
+	{
+		latex_escaped_print(*ptr, fout);
+
+		if ((i + 1) % cont->ncolumns == 0)
+		{
+			fputs(" \\\\\n", fout);
+			if (opt_border == 3)
+				fputs("\\hline\n", fout);
+			if (cancel_pressed)
+				break;
+		}
+		else
+			fputs(" & ", fout);
+	}
+
+	if (cont->opt->stop_table)
+	{
+		printTableFooter *footers = footers_with_default(cont);
+
+		if (opt_border == 2)
+			fputs("\\hline\n", fout);
+
+		fputs("\\end{tabular}\n\n\\noindent ", fout);
+
+		/* print footers */
+		if (footers && !opt_tuples_only && !cancel_pressed)
+		{
+			printTableFooter *f;
+
+			for (f = footers; f; f = f->next)
+			{
+				latex_escaped_print(f->data, fout);
+				fputs(" \\\\\n", fout);
+			}
+		}
+
+		fputc('\n', fout);
+	}
+}
+
+
+/*************************/
+/* LaTeX longtable		 */
+/*************************/
+
+
+static void
+print_latex_longtable_text(const printTableContent *cont, FILE *fout)
+{
+	bool		opt_tuples_only = cont->opt->tuples_only;
+	unsigned short opt_border = cont->opt->border;
+	unsigned int i;
+	const char *opt_table_attr = cont->opt->tableAttr;
+	const char *next_opt_table_attr_char = opt_table_attr;
+	const char *last_opt_table_attr_char = NULL;
+	const char *const *ptr;
+
+	if (cancel_pressed)
+		return;
+
+	if (opt_border > 3)
+		opt_border = 3;
+
+	if (cont->opt->start_table)
+	{
+		/* begin environment and set alignments and borders */
+		fputs("\\begin{longtable}{", fout);
+
+		if (opt_border >= 2)
+			fputs("| ", fout);
+
+		for (i = 0; i < cont->ncolumns; i++)
+		{
+			/* longtable supports either a width (p) or an alignment (l/r) */
+			/* Are we left-justified and was a proportional width specified? */
+			if (*(cont->aligns + i) == 'l' && opt_table_attr)
+			{
+#define LONGTABLE_WHITESPACE	" \t\n"
+
+				/* advance over whitespace */
+				next_opt_table_attr_char += strspn(next_opt_table_attr_char,
+												   LONGTABLE_WHITESPACE);
+				/* We have a value? */
+				if (next_opt_table_attr_char[0] != '\0')
+				{
+					fputs("p{", fout);
+					fwrite(next_opt_table_attr_char, strcspn(next_opt_table_attr_char,
+															 LONGTABLE_WHITESPACE), 1, fout);
+					last_opt_table_attr_char = next_opt_table_attr_char;
+					next_opt_table_attr_char += strcspn(next_opt_table_attr_char,
+														LONGTABLE_WHITESPACE);
+					fputs("\\textwidth}", fout);
+				}
+				/* use previous value */
+				else if (last_opt_table_attr_char != NULL)
+				{
+					fputs("p{", fout);
+					fwrite(last_opt_table_attr_char, strcspn(last_opt_table_attr_char,
+															 LONGTABLE_WHITESPACE), 1, fout);
+					fputs("\\textwidth}", fout);
+				}
+				else
+					fputc('l', fout);
+			}
+			else
+				fputc(*(cont->aligns + i), fout);
+
+			if (opt_border != 0 && i < cont->ncolumns - 1)
+				fputs(" | ", fout);
+		}
+
+		if (opt_border >= 2)
+			fputs(" |", fout);
+
+		fputs("}\n", fout);
+
+		/* print headers */
+		if (!opt_tuples_only)
+		{
+			/* firsthead */
+			if (opt_border >= 2)
+				fputs("\\toprule\n", fout);
+			for (i = 0, ptr = cont->headers; i < cont->ncolumns; i++, ptr++)
+			{
+				if (i != 0)
+					fputs(" & ", fout);
+				fputs("\\small\\textbf{\\textit{", fout);
+				latex_escaped_print(*ptr, fout);
+				fputs("}}", fout);
+			}
+			fputs(" \\\\\n", fout);
+			fputs("\\midrule\n\\endfirsthead\n", fout);
+
+			/* secondary heads */
+			if (opt_border >= 2)
+				fputs("\\toprule\n", fout);
+			for (i = 0, ptr = cont->headers; i < cont->ncolumns; i++, ptr++)
+			{
+				if (i != 0)
+					fputs(" & ", fout);
+				fputs("\\small\\textbf{\\textit{", fout);
+				latex_escaped_print(*ptr, fout);
+				fputs("}}", fout);
+			}
+			fputs(" \\\\\n", fout);
+			/* If the line under the row already appeared, don't do another */
+			if (opt_border != 3)
+				fputs("\\midrule\n", fout);
+			fputs("\\endhead\n", fout);
+
+			/* table name, caption? */
+			if (!opt_tuples_only && cont->title)
+			{
+				/* Don't output if we are printing a line under each row */
+				if (opt_border == 2)
+					fputs("\\bottomrule\n", fout);
+				fputs("\\caption[", fout);
+				latex_escaped_print(cont->title, fout);
+				fputs(" (Continued)]{", fout);
+				latex_escaped_print(cont->title, fout);
+				fputs("}\n\\endfoot\n", fout);
+				if (opt_border == 2)
+					fputs("\\bottomrule\n", fout);
+				fputs("\\caption[", fout);
+				latex_escaped_print(cont->title, fout);
+				fputs("]{", fout);
+				latex_escaped_print(cont->title, fout);
+				fputs("}\n\\endlastfoot\n", fout);
+			}
+			/* output bottom table line? */
+			else if (opt_border >= 2)
+			{
+				fputs("\\bottomrule\n\\endfoot\n", fout);
+				fputs("\\bottomrule\n\\endlastfoot\n", fout);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* print cells */
+	for (i = 0, ptr = cont->cells; *ptr; i++, ptr++)
+	{
+		/* Add a line under each row? */
+		if (i != 0 && i % cont->ncolumns != 0)
+			fputs("\n&\n", fout);
+		fputs("\\raggedright{", fout);
+		latex_escaped_print(*ptr, fout);
+		fputc('}', fout);
+		if ((i + 1) % cont->ncolumns == 0)
+		{
+			fputs(" \\tabularnewline\n", fout);
+			if (opt_border == 3)
+				fputs(" \\hline\n", fout);
+		}
+		if (cancel_pressed)
+			break;
+	}
+
+	if (cont->opt->stop_table)
+		fputs("\\end{longtable}\n", fout);
+}
+
+
+static void
+print_latex_vertical(const printTableContent *cont, FILE *fout)
+{
+	bool		opt_tuples_only = cont->opt->tuples_only;
+	unsigned short opt_border = cont->opt->border;
+	unsigned long record = cont->opt->prior_records + 1;
+	unsigned int i;
+	const char *const *ptr;
+
+	if (cancel_pressed)
+		return;
+
+	if (opt_border > 2)
+		opt_border = 2;
+
+	if (cont->opt->start_table)
+	{
+		/* print title */
+		if (!opt_tuples_only && cont->title)
+		{
+			fputs("\\begin{center}\n", fout);
+			latex_escaped_print(cont->title, fout);
+			fputs("\n\\end{center}\n\n", fout);
+		}
+
+		/* begin environment and set alignments and borders */
+		fputs("\\begin{tabular}{", fout);
+		if (opt_border == 0)
+			fputs("cl", fout);
+		else if (opt_border == 1)
+			fputs("c|l", fout);
+		else if (opt_border == 2)
+			fputs("|c|l|", fout);
+		fputs("}\n", fout);
+	}
+
+	/* print records */
+	for (i = 0, ptr = cont->cells; *ptr; i++, ptr++)
+	{
+		/* new record */
+		if (i % cont->ncolumns == 0)
+		{
+			if (cancel_pressed)
+				break;
+			if (!opt_tuples_only)
+			{
+				if (opt_border == 2)
+				{
+					fputs("\\hline\n", fout);
+					fprintf(fout, "\\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{\\textit{Record %lu}} \\\\\n", record++);
+				}
+				else
+					fprintf(fout, "\\multicolumn{2}{c}{\\textit{Record %lu}} \\\\\n", record++);
+			}
+			if (opt_border >= 1)
+				fputs("\\hline\n", fout);
+		}
+
+		latex_escaped_print(cont->headers[i % cont->ncolumns], fout);
+		fputs(" & ", fout);
+		latex_escaped_print(*ptr, fout);
+		fputs(" \\\\\n", fout);
+	}
+
+	if (cont->opt->stop_table)
+	{
+		if (opt_border == 2)
+			fputs("\\hline\n", fout);
+
+		fputs("\\end{tabular}\n\n\\noindent ", fout);
+
+		/* print footers */
+		if (cont->footers && !opt_tuples_only && !cancel_pressed)
+		{
+			printTableFooter *f;
+
+			for (f = cont->footers; f; f = f->next)
+			{
+				latex_escaped_print(f->data, fout);
+				fputs(" \\\\\n", fout);
+			}
+		}
+
+		fputc('\n', fout);
+	}
+}
+
+
+/*************************/
+/* Troff -ms			 */
+/*************************/
+
+
+static void
+troff_ms_escaped_print(const char *in, FILE *fout)
+{
+	const char *p;
+
+	for (p = in; *p; p++)
+		switch (*p)
+		{
+			case '\\':
+				fputs("\\(rs", fout);
+				break;
+			default:
+				fputc(*p, fout);
+		}
+}
+
+
+static void
+print_troff_ms_text(const printTableContent *cont, FILE *fout)
+{
+	bool		opt_tuples_only = cont->opt->tuples_only;
+	unsigned short opt_border = cont->opt->border;
+	unsigned int i;
+	const char *const *ptr;
+
+	if (cancel_pressed)
+		return;
+
+	if (opt_border > 2)
+		opt_border = 2;
+
+	if (cont->opt->start_table)
+	{
+		/* print title */
+		if (!opt_tuples_only && cont->title)
+		{
+			fputs(".LP\n.DS C\n", fout);
+			troff_ms_escaped_print(cont->title, fout);
+			fputs("\n.DE\n", fout);
+		}
+
+		/* begin environment and set alignments and borders */
+		fputs(".LP\n.TS\n", fout);
+		if (opt_border == 2)
+			fputs("center box;\n", fout);
+		else
+			fputs("center;\n", fout);
+
+		for (i = 0; i < cont->ncolumns; i++)
+		{
+			fputc(*(cont->aligns + i), fout);
+			if (opt_border > 0 && i < cont->ncolumns - 1)
+				fputs(" | ", fout);
+		}
+		fputs(".\n", fout);
+
+		/* print headers */
+		if (!opt_tuples_only)
+		{
+			for (i = 0, ptr = cont->headers; i < cont->ncolumns; i++, ptr++)
+			{
+				if (i != 0)
+					fputc('\t', fout);
+				fputs("\\fI", fout);
+				troff_ms_escaped_print(*ptr, fout);
+				fputs("\\fP", fout);
+			}
+			fputs("\n_\n", fout);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* print cells */
+	for (i = 0, ptr = cont->cells; *ptr; i++, ptr++)
+	{
+		troff_ms_escaped_print(*ptr, fout);
+
+		if ((i + 1) % cont->ncolumns == 0)
+		{
+			fputc('\n', fout);
+			if (cancel_pressed)
+				break;
+		}
+		else
+			fputc('\t', fout);
+	}
+
+	if (cont->opt->stop_table)
+	{
+		printTableFooter *footers = footers_with_default(cont);
+
+		fputs(".TE\n.DS L\n", fout);
+
+		/* print footers */
+		if (footers && !opt_tuples_only && !cancel_pressed)
+		{
+			printTableFooter *f;
+
+			for (f = footers; f; f = f->next)
+			{
+				troff_ms_escaped_print(f->data, fout);
+				fputc('\n', fout);
+			}
+		}
+
+		fputs(".DE\n", fout);
+	}
+}
+
+
+static void
+print_troff_ms_vertical(const printTableContent *cont, FILE *fout)
+{
+	bool		opt_tuples_only = cont->opt->tuples_only;
+	unsigned short opt_border = cont->opt->border;
+	unsigned long record = cont->opt->prior_records + 1;
+	unsigned int i;
+	const char *const *ptr;
+	unsigned short current_format = 0;	/* 0=none, 1=header, 2=body */
+
+	if (cancel_pressed)
+		return;
+
+	if (opt_border > 2)
+		opt_border = 2;
+
+	if (cont->opt->start_table)
+	{
+		/* print title */
+		if (!opt_tuples_only && cont->title)
+		{
+			fputs(".LP\n.DS C\n", fout);
+			troff_ms_escaped_print(cont->title, fout);
+			fputs("\n.DE\n", fout);
+		}
+
+		/* begin environment and set alignments and borders */
+		fputs(".LP\n.TS\n", fout);
+		if (opt_border == 2)
+			fputs("center box;\n", fout);
+		else
+			fputs("center;\n", fout);
+
+		/* basic format */
+		if (opt_tuples_only)
+			fputs("c l;\n", fout);
+	}
+	else
+		current_format = 2;		/* assume tuples printed already */
+
+	/* print records */
+	for (i = 0, ptr = cont->cells; *ptr; i++, ptr++)
+	{
+		/* new record */
+		if (i % cont->ncolumns == 0)
+		{
+			if (cancel_pressed)
+				break;
+			if (!opt_tuples_only)
+			{
+				if (current_format != 1)
+				{
+					if (opt_border == 2 && record > 1)
+						fputs("_\n", fout);
+					if (current_format != 0)
+						fputs(".T&\n", fout);
+					fputs("c s.\n", fout);
+					current_format = 1;
+				}
+				fprintf(fout, "\\fIRecord %lu\\fP\n", record++);
+			}
+			if (opt_border >= 1)
+				fputs("_\n", fout);
+		}
+
+		if (!opt_tuples_only)
+		{
+			if (current_format != 2)
+			{
+				if (current_format != 0)
+					fputs(".T&\n", fout);
+				if (opt_border != 1)
+					fputs("c l.\n", fout);
+				else
+					fputs("c | l.\n", fout);
+				current_format = 2;
+			}
+		}
+
+		troff_ms_escaped_print(cont->headers[i % cont->ncolumns], fout);
+		fputc('\t', fout);
+		troff_ms_escaped_print(*ptr, fout);
+
+		fputc('\n', fout);
+	}
+
+	if (cont->opt->stop_table)
+	{
+		fputs(".TE\n.DS L\n", fout);
+
+		/* print footers */
+		if (cont->footers && !opt_tuples_only && !cancel_pressed)
+		{
+			printTableFooter *f;
+
+			for (f = cont->footers; f; f = f->next)
+			{
+				troff_ms_escaped_print(f->data, fout);
+				fputc('\n', fout);
+			}
+		}
+
+		fputs(".DE\n", fout);
+	}
+}
+
+
+/********************************/
+/* Public functions				*/
+/********************************/
+
+
+/*
+ * disable_sigpipe_trap
+ *
+ * Turn off SIGPIPE interrupt --- call this before writing to a temporary
+ * query output file that is a pipe.
+ *
+ * No-op on Windows, where there's no SIGPIPE interrupts.
+ */
+void
+disable_sigpipe_trap(void)
+{
+#ifndef WIN32
+	pqsignal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * restore_sigpipe_trap
+ *
+ * Restore normal SIGPIPE interrupt --- call this when done writing to a
+ * temporary query output file that was (or might have been) a pipe.
+ *
+ * Note: within psql, we enable SIGPIPE interrupts unless the permanent query
+ * output file is a pipe, in which case they should be kept off.  This
+ * approach works only because psql is not currently complicated enough to
+ * have nested usages of short-lived output files.  Otherwise we'd probably
+ * need a genuine save-and-restore-state approach; but for now, that would be
+ * useless complication.  In non-psql programs, this always enables SIGPIPE.
+ *
+ * No-op on Windows, where there's no SIGPIPE interrupts.
+ */
+void
+restore_sigpipe_trap(void)
+{
+#ifndef WIN32
+	pqsignal(SIGPIPE, always_ignore_sigpipe ? SIG_IGN : SIG_DFL);
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * set_sigpipe_trap_state
+ *
+ * Set the trap state that restore_sigpipe_trap should restore to.
+ */
+void
+set_sigpipe_trap_state(bool ignore)
+{
+	always_ignore_sigpipe = ignore;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * PageOutput
+ *
+ * Tests if pager is needed and returns appropriate FILE pointer.
+ *
+ * If the topt argument is NULL no pager is used.
+ */
+FILE *
+PageOutput(int lines, const printTableOpt *topt)
+{
+	/* check whether we need / can / are supposed to use pager */
+	if (topt && topt->pager && isatty(fileno(stdin)) && isatty(fileno(stdout)))
+	{
+#ifdef TIOCGWINSZ
+		unsigned short int pager = topt->pager;
+		int			min_lines = topt->pager_min_lines;
+		int			result;
+		struct winsize screen_size;
+
+		result = ioctl(fileno(stdout), TIOCGWINSZ, &screen_size);
+
+		/* >= accounts for a one-line prompt */
+		if (result == -1
+			|| (lines >= screen_size.ws_row && lines >= min_lines)
+			|| pager > 1)
+#endif
+		{
+			const char *pagerprog;
+			FILE	   *pagerpipe;
+
+			pagerprog = getenv("PSQL_PAGER");
+			if (!pagerprog)
+				pagerprog = getenv("PAGER");
+			if (!pagerprog)
+				pagerprog = DEFAULT_PAGER;
+			else
+			{
+				/* if PAGER is empty or all-white-space, don't use pager */
+				if (strspn(pagerprog, " \t\r\n") == strlen(pagerprog))
+					return stdout;
+			}
+			disable_sigpipe_trap();
+			pagerpipe = popen(pagerprog, "w");
+			if (pagerpipe)
+				return pagerpipe;
+			/* if popen fails, silently proceed without pager */
+			restore_sigpipe_trap();
+		}
+	}
+
+	return stdout;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ClosePager
+ *
+ * Close previously opened pager pipe, if any
+ */
+void
+ClosePager(FILE *pagerpipe)
+{
+	if (pagerpipe && pagerpipe != stdout)
+	{
+		/*
+		 * If printing was canceled midstream, warn about it.
+		 *
+		 * Some pagers like less use Ctrl-C as part of their command set. Even
+		 * so, we abort our processing and warn the user what we did.  If the
+		 * pager quit as a result of the SIGINT, this message won't go
+		 * anywhere ...
+		 */
+		if (cancel_pressed)
+			fprintf(pagerpipe, _("Interrupted\n"));
+
+		pclose(pagerpipe);
+		restore_sigpipe_trap();
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Initialise a table contents struct.
+ *		Must be called before any other printTable method is used.
+ *
+ * The title is not duplicated; the caller must ensure that the buffer
+ * is available for the lifetime of the printTableContent struct.
+ *
+ * If you call this, you must call printTableCleanup once you're done with the
+ * table.
+ */
+void
+printTableInit(printTableContent *const content, const printTableOpt *opt,
+			   const char *title, const int ncolumns, const int nrows)
+{
+	content->opt = opt;
+	content->title = title;
+	content->ncolumns = ncolumns;
+	content->nrows = nrows;
+
+	content->headers = pg_malloc0((ncolumns + 1) * sizeof(*content->headers));
+
+	content->cells = pg_malloc0((ncolumns * nrows + 1) * sizeof(*content->cells));
+
+	content->cellmustfree = NULL;
+	content->footers = NULL;
+
+	content->aligns = pg_malloc0((ncolumns + 1) * sizeof(*content->align));
+
+	content->header = content->headers;
+	content->cell = content->cells;
+	content->footer = content->footers;
+	content->align = content->aligns;
+	content->cellsadded = 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Add a header to the table.
+ *
+ * Headers are not duplicated; you must ensure that the header string is
+ * available for the lifetime of the printTableContent struct.
+ *
+ * If translate is true, the function will pass the header through gettext.
+ * Otherwise, the header will not be translated.
+ *
+ * align is either 'l' or 'r', and specifies the alignment for cells in this
+ * column.
+ */
+void
+printTableAddHeader(printTableContent *const content, char *header,
+					const bool translate, const char align)
+{
+#ifndef ENABLE_NLS
+	(void) translate;			/* unused parameter */
+#endif
+
+	if (content->header >= content->headers + content->ncolumns)
+	{
+		fprintf(stderr, _("Cannot add header to table content: "
+						  "column count of %d exceeded.\n"),
+				content->ncolumns);
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	*content->header = (char *) mbvalidate((unsigned char *) header,
+										   content->opt->encoding);
+#ifdef ENABLE_NLS
+	if (translate)
+		*content->header = _(*content->header);
+#endif
+	content->header++;
+
+	*content->align = align;
+	content->align++;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Add a cell to the table.
+ *
+ * Cells are not duplicated; you must ensure that the cell string is available
+ * for the lifetime of the printTableContent struct.
+ *
+ * If translate is true, the function will pass the cell through gettext.
+ * Otherwise, the cell will not be translated.
+ *
+ * If mustfree is true, the cell string is freed by printTableCleanup().
+ * Note: Automatic freeing of translatable strings is not supported.
+ */
+void
+printTableAddCell(printTableContent *const content, char *cell,
+				  const bool translate, const bool mustfree)
+{
+#ifndef ENABLE_NLS
+	(void) translate;			/* unused parameter */
+#endif
+
+	if (content->cellsadded >= content->ncolumns * content->nrows)
+	{
+		fprintf(stderr, _("Cannot add cell to table content: "
+						  "total cell count of %d exceeded.\n"),
+				content->ncolumns * content->nrows);
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	*content->cell = (char *) mbvalidate((unsigned char *) cell,
+										 content->opt->encoding);
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_NLS
+	if (translate)
+		*content->cell = _(*content->cell);
+#endif
+
+	if (mustfree)
+	{
+		if (content->cellmustfree == NULL)
+			content->cellmustfree =
+				pg_malloc0((content->ncolumns * content->nrows + 1) * sizeof(bool));
+
+		content->cellmustfree[content->cellsadded] = true;
+	}
+	content->cell++;
+	content->cellsadded++;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Add a footer to the table.
+ *
+ * Footers are added as elements of a singly-linked list, and the content is
+ * strdup'd, so there is no need to keep the original footer string around.
+ *
+ * Footers are never translated by the function.  If you want the footer
+ * translated you must do so yourself, before calling printTableAddFooter.  The
+ * reason this works differently to headers and cells is that footers tend to
+ * be made of up individually translated components, rather than being
+ * translated as a whole.
+ */
+void
+printTableAddFooter(printTableContent *const content, const char *footer)
+{
+	printTableFooter *f;
+
+	f = pg_malloc0(sizeof(*f));
+	f->data = pg_strdup(footer);
+
+	if (content->footers == NULL)
+		content->footers = f;
+	else
+		content->footer->next = f;
+
+	content->footer = f;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Change the content of the last-added footer.
+ *
+ * The current contents of the last-added footer are freed, and replaced by the
+ * content given in *footer.  If there was no previous footer, add a new one.
+ *
+ * The content is strdup'd, so there is no need to keep the original string
+ * around.
+ */
+void
+printTableSetFooter(printTableContent *const content, const char *footer)
+{
+	if (content->footers != NULL)
+	{
+		free(content->footer->data);
+		content->footer->data = pg_strdup(footer);
+	}
+	else
+		printTableAddFooter(content, footer);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Free all memory allocated to this struct.
+ *
+ * Once this has been called, the struct is unusable unless you pass it to
+ * printTableInit() again.
+ */
+void
+printTableCleanup(printTableContent *const content)
+{
+	if (content->cellmustfree)
+	{
+		int			i;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < content->nrows * content->ncolumns; i++)
+		{
+			if (content->cellmustfree[i])
+				free(unconstify(char *, content->cells[i]));
+		}
+		free(content->cellmustfree);
+		content->cellmustfree = NULL;
+	}
+	free(content->headers);
+	free(content->cells);
+	free(content->aligns);
+
+	content->opt = NULL;
+	content->title = NULL;
+	content->headers = NULL;
+	content->cells = NULL;
+	content->aligns = NULL;
+	content->header = NULL;
+	content->cell = NULL;
+	content->align = NULL;
+
+	if (content->footers)
+	{
+		for (content->footer = content->footers; content->footer;)
+		{
+			printTableFooter *f;
+
+			f = content->footer;
+			content->footer = f->next;
+			free(f->data);
+			free(f);
+		}
+	}
+	content->footers = NULL;
+	content->footer = NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * IsPagerNeeded
+ *
+ * Setup pager if required
+ */
+static void
+IsPagerNeeded(const printTableContent *cont, int extra_lines, bool expanded,
+			  FILE **fout, bool *is_pager)
+{
+	if (*fout == stdout)
+	{
+		int			lines;
+
+		if (expanded)
+			lines = (cont->ncolumns + 1) * cont->nrows;
+		else
+			lines = cont->nrows + 1;
+
+		if (!cont->opt->tuples_only)
+		{
+			printTableFooter *f;
+
+			/*
+			 * FIXME -- this is slightly bogus: it counts the number of
+			 * footers, not the number of lines in them.
+			 */
+			for (f = cont->footers; f; f = f->next)
+				lines++;
+		}
+
+		*fout = PageOutput(lines + extra_lines, cont->opt);
+		*is_pager = (*fout != stdout);
+	}
+	else
+		*is_pager = false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Use this to print any table in the supported formats.
+ *
+ * cont: table data and formatting options
+ * fout: where to print to
+ * is_pager: true if caller has already redirected fout to be a pager pipe
+ * flog: if not null, also print the table there (for --log-file option)
+ */
+void
+printTable(const printTableContent *cont,
+		   FILE *fout, bool is_pager, FILE *flog)
+{
+	bool		is_local_pager = false;
+
+	if (cancel_pressed)
+		return;
+
+	if (cont->opt->format == PRINT_NOTHING)
+		return;
+
+	/* print_aligned_*() handle the pager themselves */
+	if (!is_pager &&
+		cont->opt->format != PRINT_ALIGNED &&
+		cont->opt->format != PRINT_WRAPPED)
+	{
+		IsPagerNeeded(cont, 0, (cont->opt->expanded == 1), &fout, &is_pager);
+		is_local_pager = is_pager;
+	}
+
+	/* clear any pre-existing error indication on the output stream */
+	clearerr(fout);
+
+	/* print the stuff */
+
+	if (flog)
+		print_aligned_text(cont, flog, false);
+
+	switch (cont->opt->format)
+	{
+		case PRINT_UNALIGNED:
+			if (cont->opt->expanded == 1)
+				print_unaligned_vertical(cont, fout);
+			else
+				print_unaligned_text(cont, fout);
+			break;
+		case PRINT_ALIGNED:
+		case PRINT_WRAPPED:
+
+			/*
+			 * In expanded-auto mode, force vertical if a pager is passed in;
+			 * else we may make different decisions for different hunks of the
+			 * query result.
+			 */
+			if (cont->opt->expanded == 1 ||
+				(cont->opt->expanded == 2 && is_pager))
+				print_aligned_vertical(cont, fout, is_pager);
+			else
+				print_aligned_text(cont, fout, is_pager);
+			break;
+		case PRINT_CSV:
+			if (cont->opt->expanded == 1)
+				print_csv_vertical(cont, fout);
+			else
+				print_csv_text(cont, fout);
+			break;
+		case PRINT_HTML:
+			if (cont->opt->expanded == 1)
+				print_html_vertical(cont, fout);
+			else
+				print_html_text(cont, fout);
+			break;
+		case PRINT_ASCIIDOC:
+			if (cont->opt->expanded == 1)
+				print_asciidoc_vertical(cont, fout);
+			else
+				print_asciidoc_text(cont, fout);
+			break;
+		case PRINT_LATEX:
+			if (cont->opt->expanded == 1)
+				print_latex_vertical(cont, fout);
+			else
+				print_latex_text(cont, fout);
+			break;
+		case PRINT_LATEX_LONGTABLE:
+			if (cont->opt->expanded == 1)
+				print_latex_vertical(cont, fout);
+			else
+				print_latex_longtable_text(cont, fout);
+			break;
+		case PRINT_TROFF_MS:
+			if (cont->opt->expanded == 1)
+				print_troff_ms_vertical(cont, fout);
+			else
+				print_troff_ms_text(cont, fout);
+			break;
+		default:
+			fprintf(stderr, _("invalid output format (internal error): %d"),
+					cont->opt->format);
+			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	if (is_local_pager)
+		ClosePager(fout);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Use this to print query results
+ *
+ * result: result of a successful query
+ * opt: formatting options
+ * fout: where to print to
+ * is_pager: true if caller has already redirected fout to be a pager pipe
+ * flog: if not null, also print the data there (for --log-file option)
+ */
+void
+printQuery(const PGresult *result, const printQueryOpt *opt,
+		   FILE *fout, bool is_pager, FILE *flog)
+{
+	printTableContent cont;
+	int			i,
+				r,
+				c;
+
+	if (cancel_pressed)
+		return;
+
+	printTableInit(&cont, &opt->topt, opt->title,
+				   PQnfields(result), PQntuples(result));
+
+	/* Assert caller supplied enough translate_columns[] entries */
+	Assert(opt->translate_columns == NULL ||
+		   opt->n_translate_columns >= cont.ncolumns);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < cont.ncolumns; i++)
+	{
+		printTableAddHeader(&cont, PQfname(result, i),
+							opt->translate_header,
+							column_type_alignment(PQftype(result, i)));
+	}
+
+	/* set cells */
+	for (r = 0; r < cont.nrows; r++)
+	{
+		for (c = 0; c < cont.ncolumns; c++)
+		{
+			char	   *cell;
+			bool		mustfree = false;
+			bool		translate;
+
+			if (PQgetisnull(result, r, c))
+				cell = opt->nullPrint ? opt->nullPrint : "";
+			else
+			{
+				cell = PQgetvalue(result, r, c);
+				if (cont.aligns[c] == 'r' && opt->topt.numericLocale)
+				{
+					cell = format_numeric_locale(cell);
+					mustfree = true;
+				}
+			}
+
+			translate = (opt->translate_columns && opt->translate_columns[c]);
+			printTableAddCell(&cont, cell, translate, mustfree);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* set footers */
+	if (opt->footers)
+	{
+		char	  **footer;
+
+		for (footer = opt->footers; *footer; footer++)
+			printTableAddFooter(&cont, *footer);
+	}
+
+	printTable(&cont, fout, is_pager, flog);
+	printTableCleanup(&cont);
+}
+
+char
+column_type_alignment(Oid ftype)
+{
+	char		align;
+
+	switch (ftype)
+	{
+		case INT2OID:
+		case INT4OID:
+		case INT8OID:
+		case FLOAT4OID:
+		case FLOAT8OID:
+		case NUMERICOID:
+		case OIDOID:
+		case XIDOID:
+		case XID8OID:
+		case CIDOID:
+		case MONEYOID:
+			align = 'r';
+			break;
+		default:
+			align = 'l';
+			break;
+	}
+	return align;
+}
+
+void
+setDecimalLocale(void)
+{
+	struct lconv *extlconv;
+
+	extlconv = localeconv();
+
+	/* Don't accept an empty decimal_point string */
+	if (*extlconv->decimal_point)
+		decimal_point = pg_strdup(extlconv->decimal_point);
+	else
+		decimal_point = ".";	/* SQL output standard */
+
+	/*
+	 * Although the Open Group standard allows locales to supply more than one
+	 * group width, we consider only the first one, and we ignore any attempt
+	 * to suppress grouping by specifying CHAR_MAX.  As in the backend's
+	 * cash.c, we must apply a range check to avoid being fooled by variant
+	 * CHAR_MAX values.
+	 */
+	groupdigits = *extlconv->grouping;
+	if (groupdigits <= 0 || groupdigits > 6)
+		groupdigits = 3;		/* most common */
+
+	/* Don't accept an empty thousands_sep string, either */
+	/* similar code exists in formatting.c */
+	if (*extlconv->thousands_sep)
+		thousands_sep = pg_strdup(extlconv->thousands_sep);
+	/* Make sure thousands separator doesn't match decimal point symbol. */
+	else if (strcmp(decimal_point, ",") != 0)
+		thousands_sep = ",";
+	else
+		thousands_sep = ".";
+}
+
+/* get selected or default line style */
+const printTextFormat *
+get_line_style(const printTableOpt *opt)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Note: this function mainly exists to preserve the convention that a
+	 * printTableOpt struct can be initialized to zeroes to get default
+	 * behavior.
+	 */
+	if (opt->line_style != NULL)
+		return opt->line_style;
+	else
+		return &pg_asciiformat;
+}
+
+void
+refresh_utf8format(const printTableOpt *opt)
+{
+	printTextFormat *popt = &pg_utf8format;
+
+	const unicodeStyleBorderFormat *border;
+	const unicodeStyleRowFormat *header;
+	const unicodeStyleColumnFormat *column;
+
+	popt->name = "unicode";
+
+	border = &unicode_style.border_style[opt->unicode_border_linestyle];
+	header = &unicode_style.row_style[opt->unicode_header_linestyle];
+	column = &unicode_style.column_style[opt->unicode_column_linestyle];
+
+	popt->lrule[PRINT_RULE_TOP].hrule = border->horizontal;
+	popt->lrule[PRINT_RULE_TOP].leftvrule = border->down_and_right;
+	popt->lrule[PRINT_RULE_TOP].midvrule = column->down_and_horizontal[opt->unicode_border_linestyle];
+	popt->lrule[PRINT_RULE_TOP].rightvrule = border->down_and_left;
+
+	popt->lrule[PRINT_RULE_MIDDLE].hrule = header->horizontal;
+	popt->lrule[PRINT_RULE_MIDDLE].leftvrule = header->vertical_and_right[opt->unicode_border_linestyle];
+	popt->lrule[PRINT_RULE_MIDDLE].midvrule = column->vertical_and_horizontal[opt->unicode_header_linestyle];
+	popt->lrule[PRINT_RULE_MIDDLE].rightvrule = header->vertical_and_left[opt->unicode_border_linestyle];
+
+	popt->lrule[PRINT_RULE_BOTTOM].hrule = border->horizontal;
+	popt->lrule[PRINT_RULE_BOTTOM].leftvrule = border->up_and_right;
+	popt->lrule[PRINT_RULE_BOTTOM].midvrule = column->up_and_horizontal[opt->unicode_border_linestyle];
+	popt->lrule[PRINT_RULE_BOTTOM].rightvrule = border->left_and_right;
+
+	/* N/A */
+	popt->lrule[PRINT_RULE_DATA].hrule = "";
+	popt->lrule[PRINT_RULE_DATA].leftvrule = border->vertical;
+	popt->lrule[PRINT_RULE_DATA].midvrule = column->vertical;
+	popt->lrule[PRINT_RULE_DATA].rightvrule = border->vertical;
+
+	popt->midvrule_nl = column->vertical;
+	popt->midvrule_wrap = column->vertical;
+	popt->midvrule_blank = column->vertical;
+
+	/* Same for all unicode today */
+	popt->header_nl_left = unicode_style.header_nl_left;
+	popt->header_nl_right = unicode_style.header_nl_right;
+	popt->nl_left = unicode_style.nl_left;
+	popt->nl_right = unicode_style.nl_right;
+	popt->wrap_left = unicode_style.wrap_left;
+	popt->wrap_right = unicode_style.wrap_right;
+	popt->wrap_right_border = unicode_style.wrap_right_border;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Compute the byte distance to the end of the string or *target_width
+ * display character positions, whichever comes first.  Update *target_width
+ * to be the number of display character positions actually filled.
+ */
+static int
+strlen_max_width(unsigned char *str, int *target_width, int encoding)
+{
+	unsigned char *start = str;
+	unsigned char *end = str + strlen((char *) str);
+	int			curr_width = 0;
+
+	while (str < end)
+	{
+		int			char_width = PQdsplen((char *) str, encoding);
+
+		/*
+		 * If the display width of the new character causes the string to
+		 * exceed its target width, skip it and return.  However, if this is
+		 * the first character of the string (curr_width == 0), we have to
+		 * accept it.
+		 */
+		if (*target_width < curr_width + char_width && curr_width != 0)
+			break;
+
+		curr_width += char_width;
+
+		str += PQmblen((char *) str, encoding);
+
+		if (str > end)			/* Don't overrun invalid string */
+			str = end;
+	}
+
+	*target_width = curr_width;
+
+	return str - start;
+}
diff --git a/src/fe_utils/psqlscan.c b/src/fe_utils/psqlscan.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a5fbfe1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fe_utils/psqlscan.c
@@ -0,0 +1,5106 @@
+#line 2 "psqlscan.c"
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * psqlscan.l
+ *	  lexical scanner for SQL commands
+ *
+ * This lexer used to be part of psql, and that heritage is reflected in
+ * the file name as well as function and typedef names, though it can now
+ * be used by other frontend programs as well.  It's also possible to extend
+ * this lexer with a compatible add-on lexer to handle program-specific
+ * backslash commands.
+ *
+ * This code is mainly concerned with determining where the end of a SQL
+ * statement is: we are looking for semicolons that are not within quotes,
+ * comments, or parentheses.  The most reliable way to handle this is to
+ * borrow the backend's flex lexer rules, lock, stock, and barrel.  The rules
+ * below are (except for a few) the same as the backend's, but their actions
+ * are just ECHO whereas the backend's actions generally do other things.
+ *
+ * XXX The rules in this file must be kept in sync with the backend lexer!!!
+ *
+ * XXX Avoid creating backtracking cases --- see the backend lexer for info.
+ *
+ * See psqlscan_int.h for additional commentary.
+ *
+ *
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2022, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+ *
+ * IDENTIFICATION
+ *	  src/fe_utils/psqlscan.l
+ *
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+#include "postgres_fe.h"
+
+#include "common/logging.h"
+#include "fe_utils/psqlscan.h"
+
+#include "libpq-fe.h"
+
+#line 43 "psqlscan.c"
+
+#define  YY_INT_ALIGNED short int
+
+/* A lexical scanner generated by flex */
+
+#define FLEX_SCANNER
+#define YY_FLEX_MAJOR_VERSION 2
+#define YY_FLEX_MINOR_VERSION 6
+#define YY_FLEX_SUBMINOR_VERSION 4
+#if YY_FLEX_SUBMINOR_VERSION > 0
+#define FLEX_BETA
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yy_create_buffer
+#define psql_yy_create_buffer_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yy_create_buffer psql_yy_create_buffer
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yy_delete_buffer
+#define psql_yy_delete_buffer_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yy_delete_buffer psql_yy_delete_buffer
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yy_scan_buffer
+#define psql_yy_scan_buffer_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yy_scan_buffer psql_yy_scan_buffer
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yy_scan_string
+#define psql_yy_scan_string_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yy_scan_string psql_yy_scan_string
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yy_scan_bytes
+#define psql_yy_scan_bytes_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yy_scan_bytes psql_yy_scan_bytes
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yy_init_buffer
+#define psql_yy_init_buffer_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yy_init_buffer psql_yy_init_buffer
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yy_flush_buffer
+#define psql_yy_flush_buffer_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yy_flush_buffer psql_yy_flush_buffer
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yy_load_buffer_state
+#define psql_yy_load_buffer_state_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yy_load_buffer_state psql_yy_load_buffer_state
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yy_switch_to_buffer
+#define psql_yy_switch_to_buffer_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yy_switch_to_buffer psql_yy_switch_to_buffer
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yypush_buffer_state
+#define psql_yypush_buffer_state_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yypush_buffer_state psql_yypush_buffer_state
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yypop_buffer_state
+#define psql_yypop_buffer_state_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yypop_buffer_state psql_yypop_buffer_state
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yyensure_buffer_stack
+#define psql_yyensure_buffer_stack_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yyensure_buffer_stack psql_yyensure_buffer_stack
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yylex
+#define psql_yylex_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yylex psql_yylex
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yyrestart
+#define psql_yyrestart_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yyrestart psql_yyrestart
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yylex_init
+#define psql_yylex_init_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yylex_init psql_yylex_init
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yylex_init_extra
+#define psql_yylex_init_extra_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yylex_init_extra psql_yylex_init_extra
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yylex_destroy
+#define psql_yylex_destroy_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yylex_destroy psql_yylex_destroy
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yyget_debug
+#define psql_yyget_debug_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yyget_debug psql_yyget_debug
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yyset_debug
+#define psql_yyset_debug_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yyset_debug psql_yyset_debug
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yyget_extra
+#define psql_yyget_extra_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yyget_extra psql_yyget_extra
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yyset_extra
+#define psql_yyset_extra_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yyset_extra psql_yyset_extra
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yyget_in
+#define psql_yyget_in_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yyget_in psql_yyget_in
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yyset_in
+#define psql_yyset_in_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yyset_in psql_yyset_in
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yyget_out
+#define psql_yyget_out_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yyget_out psql_yyget_out
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yyset_out
+#define psql_yyset_out_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yyset_out psql_yyset_out
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yyget_leng
+#define psql_yyget_leng_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yyget_leng psql_yyget_leng
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yyget_text
+#define psql_yyget_text_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yyget_text psql_yyget_text
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yyget_lineno
+#define psql_yyget_lineno_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yyget_lineno psql_yyget_lineno
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yyset_lineno
+#define psql_yyset_lineno_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yyset_lineno psql_yyset_lineno
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yyget_column
+#define psql_yyget_column_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yyget_column psql_yyget_column
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yyset_column
+#define psql_yyset_column_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yyset_column psql_yyset_column
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yywrap
+#define psql_yywrap_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yywrap psql_yywrap
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yyget_lval
+#define psql_yyget_lval_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yyget_lval psql_yyget_lval
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yyset_lval
+#define psql_yyset_lval_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yyset_lval psql_yyset_lval
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yyalloc
+#define psql_yyalloc_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yyalloc psql_yyalloc
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yyrealloc
+#define psql_yyrealloc_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yyrealloc psql_yyrealloc
+#endif
+
+#ifdef yyfree
+#define psql_yyfree_ALREADY_DEFINED
+#else
+#define yyfree psql_yyfree
+#endif
+
+/* First, we deal with  platform-specific or compiler-specific issues. */
+
+/* begin standard C headers. */
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+/* end standard C headers. */
+
+/* flex integer type definitions */
+
+#ifndef FLEXINT_H
+#define FLEXINT_H
+
+/* C99 systems have <inttypes.h>. Non-C99 systems may or may not. */
+
+#if defined (__STDC_VERSION__) && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L
+
+/* C99 says to define __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS before including stdint.h,
+ * if you want the limit (max/min) macros for int types. 
+ */
+#ifndef __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS
+#define __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS 1
+#endif
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+typedef int8_t flex_int8_t;
+typedef uint8_t flex_uint8_t;
+typedef int16_t flex_int16_t;
+typedef uint16_t flex_uint16_t;
+typedef int32_t flex_int32_t;
+typedef uint32_t flex_uint32_t;
+#else
+typedef signed char flex_int8_t;
+typedef short int flex_int16_t;
+typedef int flex_int32_t;
+typedef unsigned char flex_uint8_t; 
+typedef unsigned short int flex_uint16_t;
+typedef unsigned int flex_uint32_t;
+
+/* Limits of integral types. */
+#ifndef INT8_MIN
+#define INT8_MIN               (-128)
+#endif
+#ifndef INT16_MIN
+#define INT16_MIN              (-32767-1)
+#endif
+#ifndef INT32_MIN
+#define INT32_MIN              (-2147483647-1)
+#endif
+#ifndef INT8_MAX
+#define INT8_MAX               (127)
+#endif
+#ifndef INT16_MAX
+#define INT16_MAX              (32767)
+#endif
+#ifndef INT32_MAX
+#define INT32_MAX              (2147483647)
+#endif
+#ifndef UINT8_MAX
+#define UINT8_MAX              (255U)
+#endif
+#ifndef UINT16_MAX
+#define UINT16_MAX             (65535U)
+#endif
+#ifndef UINT32_MAX
+#define UINT32_MAX             (4294967295U)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef SIZE_MAX
+#define SIZE_MAX               (~(size_t)0)
+#endif
+
+#endif /* ! C99 */
+
+#endif /* ! FLEXINT_H */
+
+/* begin standard C++ headers. */
+
+/* TODO: this is always defined, so inline it */
+#define yyconst const
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ >= 3
+#define yynoreturn __attribute__((__noreturn__))
+#else
+#define yynoreturn
+#endif
+
+/* Returned upon end-of-file. */
+#define YY_NULL 0
+
+/* Promotes a possibly negative, possibly signed char to an
+ *   integer in range [0..255] for use as an array index.
+ */
+#define YY_SC_TO_UI(c) ((YY_CHAR) (c))
+
+/* An opaque pointer. */
+#ifndef YY_TYPEDEF_YY_SCANNER_T
+#define YY_TYPEDEF_YY_SCANNER_T
+typedef void* yyscan_t;
+#endif
+
+/* For convenience, these vars (plus the bison vars far below)
+   are macros in the reentrant scanner. */
+#define yyin yyg->yyin_r
+#define yyout yyg->yyout_r
+#define yyextra yyg->yyextra_r
+#define yyleng yyg->yyleng_r
+#define yytext yyg->yytext_r
+#define yylineno (YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_bs_lineno)
+#define yycolumn (YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_bs_column)
+#define yy_flex_debug yyg->yy_flex_debug_r
+
+/* Enter a start condition.  This macro really ought to take a parameter,
+ * but we do it the disgusting crufty way forced on us by the ()-less
+ * definition of BEGIN.
+ */
+#define BEGIN yyg->yy_start = 1 + 2 *
+/* Translate the current start state into a value that can be later handed
+ * to BEGIN to return to the state.  The YYSTATE alias is for lex
+ * compatibility.
+ */
+#define YY_START ((yyg->yy_start - 1) / 2)
+#define YYSTATE YY_START
+/* Action number for EOF rule of a given start state. */
+#define YY_STATE_EOF(state) (YY_END_OF_BUFFER + state + 1)
+/* Special action meaning "start processing a new file". */
+#define YY_NEW_FILE yyrestart( yyin , yyscanner )
+#define YY_END_OF_BUFFER_CHAR 0
+
+/* Size of default input buffer. */
+#ifndef YY_BUF_SIZE
+#ifdef __ia64__
+/* On IA-64, the buffer size is 16k, not 8k.
+ * Moreover, YY_BUF_SIZE is 2*YY_READ_BUF_SIZE in the general case.
+ * Ditto for the __ia64__ case accordingly.
+ */
+#define YY_BUF_SIZE 32768
+#else
+#define YY_BUF_SIZE 16384
+#endif /* __ia64__ */
+#endif
+
+/* The state buf must be large enough to hold one state per character in the main buffer.
+ */
+#define YY_STATE_BUF_SIZE   ((YY_BUF_SIZE + 2) * sizeof(yy_state_type))
+
+#ifndef YY_TYPEDEF_YY_BUFFER_STATE
+#define YY_TYPEDEF_YY_BUFFER_STATE
+typedef struct yy_buffer_state *YY_BUFFER_STATE;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef YY_TYPEDEF_YY_SIZE_T
+#define YY_TYPEDEF_YY_SIZE_T
+typedef size_t yy_size_t;
+#endif
+
+#define EOB_ACT_CONTINUE_SCAN 0
+#define EOB_ACT_END_OF_FILE 1
+#define EOB_ACT_LAST_MATCH 2
+    
+    #define YY_LESS_LINENO(n)
+    #define YY_LINENO_REWIND_TO(ptr)
+    
+/* Return all but the first "n" matched characters back to the input stream. */
+#define yyless(n) \
+	do \
+		{ \
+		/* Undo effects of setting up yytext. */ \
+        int yyless_macro_arg = (n); \
+        YY_LESS_LINENO(yyless_macro_arg);\
+		*yy_cp = yyg->yy_hold_char; \
+		YY_RESTORE_YY_MORE_OFFSET \
+		yyg->yy_c_buf_p = yy_cp = yy_bp + yyless_macro_arg - YY_MORE_ADJ; \
+		YY_DO_BEFORE_ACTION; /* set up yytext again */ \
+		} \
+	while ( 0 )
+#define unput(c) yyunput( c, yyg->yytext_ptr , yyscanner )
+
+#ifndef YY_STRUCT_YY_BUFFER_STATE
+#define YY_STRUCT_YY_BUFFER_STATE
+struct yy_buffer_state
+	{
+	FILE *yy_input_file;
+
+	char *yy_ch_buf;		/* input buffer */
+	char *yy_buf_pos;		/* current position in input buffer */
+
+	/* Size of input buffer in bytes, not including room for EOB
+	 * characters.
+	 */
+	int yy_buf_size;
+
+	/* Number of characters read into yy_ch_buf, not including EOB
+	 * characters.
+	 */
+	int yy_n_chars;
+
+	/* Whether we "own" the buffer - i.e., we know we created it,
+	 * and can realloc() it to grow it, and should free() it to
+	 * delete it.
+	 */
+	int yy_is_our_buffer;
+
+	/* Whether this is an "interactive" input source; if so, and
+	 * if we're using stdio for input, then we want to use getc()
+	 * instead of fread(), to make sure we stop fetching input after
+	 * each newline.
+	 */
+	int yy_is_interactive;
+
+	/* Whether we're considered to be at the beginning of a line.
+	 * If so, '^' rules will be active on the next match, otherwise
+	 * not.
+	 */
+	int yy_at_bol;
+
+    int yy_bs_lineno; /**< The line count. */
+    int yy_bs_column; /**< The column count. */
+
+	/* Whether to try to fill the input buffer when we reach the
+	 * end of it.
+	 */
+	int yy_fill_buffer;
+
+	int yy_buffer_status;
+
+#define YY_BUFFER_NEW 0
+#define YY_BUFFER_NORMAL 1
+	/* When an EOF's been seen but there's still some text to process
+	 * then we mark the buffer as YY_EOF_PENDING, to indicate that we
+	 * shouldn't try reading from the input source any more.  We might
+	 * still have a bunch of tokens to match, though, because of
+	 * possible backing-up.
+	 *
+	 * When we actually see the EOF, we change the status to "new"
+	 * (via yyrestart()), so that the user can continue scanning by
+	 * just pointing yyin at a new input file.
+	 */
+#define YY_BUFFER_EOF_PENDING 2
+
+	};
+#endif /* !YY_STRUCT_YY_BUFFER_STATE */
+
+/* We provide macros for accessing buffer states in case in the
+ * future we want to put the buffer states in a more general
+ * "scanner state".
+ *
+ * Returns the top of the stack, or NULL.
+ */
+#define YY_CURRENT_BUFFER ( yyg->yy_buffer_stack \
+                          ? yyg->yy_buffer_stack[yyg->yy_buffer_stack_top] \
+                          : NULL)
+/* Same as previous macro, but useful when we know that the buffer stack is not
+ * NULL or when we need an lvalue. For internal use only.
+ */
+#define YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE yyg->yy_buffer_stack[yyg->yy_buffer_stack_top]
+
+void yyrestart ( FILE *input_file , yyscan_t yyscanner );
+void yy_switch_to_buffer ( YY_BUFFER_STATE new_buffer , yyscan_t yyscanner );
+YY_BUFFER_STATE yy_create_buffer ( FILE *file, int size , yyscan_t yyscanner );
+void yy_delete_buffer ( YY_BUFFER_STATE b , yyscan_t yyscanner );
+void yy_flush_buffer ( YY_BUFFER_STATE b , yyscan_t yyscanner );
+void yypush_buffer_state ( YY_BUFFER_STATE new_buffer , yyscan_t yyscanner );
+void yypop_buffer_state ( yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+static void yyensure_buffer_stack ( yyscan_t yyscanner );
+static void yy_load_buffer_state ( yyscan_t yyscanner );
+static void yy_init_buffer ( YY_BUFFER_STATE b, FILE *file , yyscan_t yyscanner );
+#define YY_FLUSH_BUFFER yy_flush_buffer( YY_CURRENT_BUFFER , yyscanner)
+
+YY_BUFFER_STATE yy_scan_buffer ( char *base, yy_size_t size , yyscan_t yyscanner );
+YY_BUFFER_STATE yy_scan_string ( const char *yy_str , yyscan_t yyscanner );
+YY_BUFFER_STATE yy_scan_bytes ( const char *bytes, int len , yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+void *yyalloc ( yy_size_t , yyscan_t yyscanner );
+void *yyrealloc ( void *, yy_size_t , yyscan_t yyscanner );
+void yyfree ( void * , yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+#define yy_new_buffer yy_create_buffer
+#define yy_set_interactive(is_interactive) \
+	{ \
+	if ( ! YY_CURRENT_BUFFER ){ \
+        yyensure_buffer_stack (yyscanner); \
+		YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE =    \
+            yy_create_buffer( yyin, YY_BUF_SIZE , yyscanner); \
+	} \
+	YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_is_interactive = is_interactive; \
+	}
+#define yy_set_bol(at_bol) \
+	{ \
+	if ( ! YY_CURRENT_BUFFER ){\
+        yyensure_buffer_stack (yyscanner); \
+		YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE =    \
+            yy_create_buffer( yyin, YY_BUF_SIZE , yyscanner); \
+	} \
+	YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_at_bol = at_bol; \
+	}
+#define YY_AT_BOL() (YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_at_bol)
+
+/* Begin user sect3 */
+
+#define psql_yywrap(yyscanner) (/*CONSTCOND*/1)
+#define YY_SKIP_YYWRAP
+typedef flex_uint8_t YY_CHAR;
+
+typedef int yy_state_type;
+
+#define yytext_ptr yytext_r
+
+static const flex_int16_t yy_nxt[][40] =
+    {
+    {
+        0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+        0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+        0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+        0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,   24,   25,   26,   25,   27,   28,   29,   30,   31,
+       29,   32,   33,   34,   31,   31,   35,   36,   37,   38,
+       39,   39,   40,   41,   42,   43,   44,   29,   45,   46,
+       47,   45,   48,   49,   50,   51,   49,   50,   24,   24
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,   24,   25,   26,   25,   27,   28,   29,   30,   31,
+       29,   32,   33,   34,   31,   31,   35,   36,   37,   38,
+
+       39,   39,   40,   41,   42,   43,   44,   29,   45,   46,
+       47,   45,   48,   49,   50,   51,   49,   50,   24,   24
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52,
+       52,   53,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52,
+       52,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52,
+       52,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52,
+       52,   53,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52,
+       52,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52,
+       52,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52,   52
+
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,   54,   54,   54,   54,   55,   54,   55,   54,   55,
+       55,   54,   54,   54,   56,   55,   54,   55,   54,   57,
+       54,   54,   54,   54,   55,   55,   55,   55,   54,   54,
+       54,   54,   54,   54,   54,   54,   54,   54,   54,   54
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,   54,   54,   54,   54,   55,   54,   55,   54,   55,
+       55,   54,   54,   54,   56,   55,   54,   55,   54,   57,
+       54,   54,   54,   54,   55,   55,   55,   55,   54,   54,
+       54,   54,   54,   54,   54,   54,   54,   54,   54,   54
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   59,   58,   58,   58,
+       58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,
+
+       58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,
+       58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   59,   58,   58,   58,
+       58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,
+       58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,
+       58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60,
+       60,   53,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60,
+       60,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60,
+       60,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60
+
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60,
+       60,   53,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60,
+       60,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60,
+       60,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60,   60
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,
+       61,   62,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,
+       61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,
+       61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,
+       61,   62,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,
+
+       61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,
+       61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,   63,   64,   65,   66,   63,   63,   63,   63,   63,
+       63,   63,   63,   63,   63,   63,   63,   67,   63,   63,
+       63,   63,   63,   63,   63,   63,   63,   63,   63,   63,
+       63,   63,   63,   63,   63,   63,   63,   63,   63,   63
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,   63,   64,   65,   66,   63,   63,   63,   63,   63,
+       63,   63,   63,   63,   63,   63,   63,   67,   63,   63,
+       63,   63,   63,   63,   63,   63,   63,   63,   63,   63,
+       63,   63,   63,   63,   63,   63,   63,   63,   63,   63
+
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,   68,   68,   69,   68,   68,   68,   68,   68,   68,
+       68,   70,   68,   68,   68,   68,   68,   68,   68,   68,
+       68,   68,   68,   68,   68,   68,   68,   68,   68,   68,
+       68,   68,   68,   68,   68,   71,   68,   68,   68,   68
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,   68,   68,   69,   68,   68,   68,   68,   68,   68,
+       68,   70,   68,   68,   68,   68,   68,   68,   68,   68,
+       68,   68,   68,   68,   68,   68,   68,   68,   68,   68,
+       68,   68,   68,   68,   68,   71,   68,   68,   68,   68
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,   72,   72,   73,   72,   72,   72,   72,   74,   72,
+       72,   72,   72,   72,   72,   72,   72,   72,   72,   72,
+
+       72,   72,   72,   72,   72,   72,   72,   72,   72,   72,
+       72,   72,   72,   72,   72,   72,   72,   72,   72,   72
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,   72,   72,   73,   72,   72,   72,   72,   74,   72,
+       72,   72,   72,   72,   72,   72,   72,   72,   72,   72,
+       72,   72,   72,   72,   72,   72,   72,   72,   72,   72,
+       72,   72,   72,   72,   72,   72,   72,   72,   72,   72
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   75,   58,   58,   58,
+       58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,
+       58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,
+       58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58
+
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   75,   58,   58,   58,
+       58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,
+       58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,
+       58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58,   58
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,
+       61,   62,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,
+       61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,
+       61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,
+       61,   62,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,
+
+       61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,
+       61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61,   61
+    },
+
+    {
+      -23,  -23,  -23,  -23,  -23,  -23,  -23,  -23,  -23,  -23,
+      -23,  -23,  -23,  -23,  -23,  -23,  -23,  -23,  -23,  -23,
+      -23,  -23,  -23,  -23,  -23,  -23,  -23,  -23,  -23,  -23,
+      -23,  -23,  -23,  -23,  -23,  -23,  -23,  -23,  -23,  -23
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,  -24,  -24,  -24,  -24,  -24,  -24,  -24,  -24,  -24,
+      -24,  -24,  -24,  -24,  -24,  -24,  -24,  -24,  -24,  -24,
+      -24,  -24,  -24,  -24,  -24,  -24,  -24,  -24,  -24,  -24,
+      -24,  -24,  -24,  -24,  -24,  -24,  -24,  -24,  -24,  -24
+
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,  -25,   76,   76,   76,  -25,  -25,  -25,  -25,  -25,
+      -25,  -25,  -25,  -25,  -25,  -25,  -25,  -25,  -25,  -25,
+      -25,  -25,  -25,  -25,  -25,  -25,  -25,  -25,  -25,  -25,
+      -25,  -25,  -25,  -25,  -25,  -25,  -25,  -25,  -25,  -25
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,  -26,   76,   76,   76,  -26,  -26,  -26,  -26,  -26,
+      -26,  -26,  -26,  -26,  -26,  -26,  -26,  -26,  -26,  -26,
+      -26,  -26,  -26,  -26,  -26,  -26,  -26,  -26,  -26,  -26,
+      -26,  -26,  -26,  -26,  -26,  -26,  -26,  -26,  -26,  -26
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,  -27,  -27,  -27,  -27,   77,  -27,   77,  -27,   77,
+       77,  -27,  -27,  -27,   77,   77,  -27,   77,  -27,   77,
+
+      -27,  -27,  -27,  -27,   77,   78,   77,   77,  -27,  -27,
+      -27,  -27,  -27,  -27,  -27,  -27,  -27,  -27,  -27,  -27
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,  -28,  -28,  -28,  -28,  -28,  -28,  -28,  -28,  -28,
+      -28,  -28,  -28,  -28,  -28,  -28,  -28,  -28,  -28,  -28,
+      -28,  -28,  -28,  -28,  -28,  -28,  -28,  -28,  -28,  -28,
+      -28,  -28,  -28,  -28,  -28,  -28,  -28,  -28,  -28,  -28
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,  -29,  -29,  -29,  -29,   77,  -29,   77,  -29,   77,
+       77,  -29,  -29,  -29,   77,   77,  -29,   77,  -29,   77,
+      -29,  -29,  -29,  -29,   77,   77,   77,   77,  -29,  -29,
+      -29,  -29,  -29,  -29,  -29,  -29,  -29,  -29,  -29,  -29
+
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,  -30,  -30,  -30,  -30,  -30,  -30,  -30,   79,  -30,
+      -30,  -30,  -30,  -30,  -30,  -30,  -30,  -30,  -30,  -30,
+       80,   80,  -30,  -30,  -30,  -30,  -30,  -30,   81,   81,
+       81,   81,   81,   81,   81,  -30,   81,   81,  -30,  -30
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,  -31,  -31,  -31,  -31,   77,  -31,   77,  -31,   77,
+       77,  -31,  -31,  -31,   77,   77,  -31,   77,  -31,   77,
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+       23,  130,  130,  130,  130,  130,  130,  130, -130,  130,
+      130,  130,  130,  130,  130,  130,  130,  130,  130,  130,
+      130,  130,  130,  130,  130,  130,  130,  130,  130,  130,
+      130,  130,  130,  130,  130,  130,  130,  130,  130,  130
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -131, -131, -131, -131, -131, -131, -131, -131, -131,
+     -131, -131, -131, -131, -131, -131, -131, -131, -131, -131,
+     -131, -131, -131, -131, -131, -131, -131, -131, -131, -131,
+     -131, -131, -131, -131, -131, -131, -131, -131, -131, -131
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -132, -132, -132, -132, -132, -132, -132,  131, -132,
+     -132, -132, -132, -132, -132, -132, -132, -132, -132, -132,
+
+      158,  158, -132, -132, -132, -132, -132, -132,  158,  158,
+      158,  158,  158,  158,  158, -132,  158,  158, -132, -132
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -133, -133, -133, -133, -133, -133, -133, -133, -133,
+     -133, -133, -133, -133, -133, -133, -133, -133, -133, -133,
+     -133, -133, -133, -133, -133, -133, -133, -133, -133, -133,
+     -133, -133, -133, -133, -133, -133, -133, -133, -133, -133
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -134, -134, -134, -134, -134, -134, -134,   79, -134,
+     -134, -134, -134, -134, -134, -134, -134, -134, -134, -134,
+      134,  134, -134, -134, -134, -134, -134, -134,  134,  134,
+      134,  134,  134,  134,  134, -134,  134,  134, -134, -134
+
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,  135,  135, -135, -135,  135,  135,  135,  135,  135,
+      135,  135,  135,  135,  135,  135,  135,  135,  135,  135,
+      135,  135,  135,  135,  135,  135,  135,  135,  135,  135,
+      135,  135,  135,  135,  135,  135,  135,  135,  135,  135
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,  135,  135, -136, -136,  136,  135,  136,  135,  136,
+      136,  135,  135,  135,  136,  136,  135,  136,  135,  136,
+      135,  135,  135,  135,  136,  136,  136,  136,  135,  135,
+      135,  135,  135,  135,  135,  135,  135,  135,  135,  135
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -137, -137, -137, -137, -137, -137, -137, -137, -137,
+     -137, -137, -137, -137, -137, -137, -137, -137, -137, -137,
+
+     -137, -137, -137, -137, -137, -137, -137, -137, -137, -137,
+     -137, -137, -137, -137, -137, -137, -137, -137, -137, -137
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -138, -138, -138, -138, -138, -138, -138, -138, -138,
+     -138, -138, -138, -138, -138,  142, -138,  142, -138, -138,
+      143,  143, -138, -138, -138, -138, -138, -138, -138, -138,
+     -138, -138, -138, -138, -138, -138, -138, -138, -138, -138
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -139, -139, -139, -139,  139, -139,  139, -139,  139,
+      139, -139, -139, -139,  139,  139, -139,  139, -139,  139,
+     -139, -139, -139, -139,  139,  139,  139,  139, -139, -139,
+     -139, -139, -139, -139, -139, -139, -139, -139, -139, -139
+
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -140, -140, -140, -140, -140, -140, -140, -140, -140,
+     -140, -140, -140, -140, -140, -140, -140, -140, -140, -140,
+     -140, -140, -140, -140, -140, -140, -140, -140, -140, -140,
+     -140, -140, -140, -140, -140, -140, -140, -140, -140, -140
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -141, -141, -141, -141, -141, -141, -141, -141, -141,
+     -141, -141, -141, -141, -141, -141, -141, -141, -141, -141,
+      141,  141, -141, -141, -141, -141, -141, -141,  137,  137,
+      138,  137,  137,  137,  137, -141,  137,  137, -141, -141
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -142, -142, -142, -142, -142, -142, -142, -142, -142,
+     -142, -142, -142, -142, -142, -142, -142, -142, -142, -142,
+
+      143,  143, -142, -142, -142, -142, -142, -142, -142, -142,
+     -142, -142, -142, -142, -142, -142, -142, -142, -142, -142
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -143, -143, -143, -143, -143, -143, -143, -143, -143,
+     -143, -143, -143, -143, -143, -143, -143, -143, -143, -143,
+      143,  143, -143, -143, -143, -143, -143, -143,  159,  159,
+      159,  159,  159,  159,  159, -143,  159,  159, -143, -143
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -144, -144, -144, -144, -144,  160, -144, -144, -144,
+     -144, -144, -144, -144, -144, -144, -144, -144, -144, -144,
+      144,  144, -144, -144, -144, -144, -144, -144,  144,  144,
+      144,  144,  144,  144,  144, -144,  144,  144, -144, -144
+
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -145, -145, -145, -145, -145, -145, -145, -145, -145,
+     -145,  161, -145, -145, -145, -145, -145, -145, -145, -145,
+      145,  145, -145, -145, -145, -145, -145, -145,  145,  145,
+      145,  145,  145,  145,  145, -145,  145,  145, -145, -145
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -146, -146, -146, -146, -146, -146, -146, -146, -146,
+     -146, -146, -146, -146, -146, -146, -146, -146, -146, -146,
+      162,  162, -146, -146, -146, -146, -146, -146,  162,  162,
+      162,  162,  162,  162,  162, -146,  162,  162, -146, -146
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -147, -147, -147, -147, -147, -147, -147, -147, -147,
+     -147, -147, -147, -147, -147, -147, -147, -147, -147, -147,
+
+     -147, -147, -147, -147, -147, -147, -147, -147, -147, -147,
+     -147, -147, -147, -147, -147, -147, -147, -147, -147, -147
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -148, -148, -148, -148, -148, -148, -148, -148, -148,
+     -148, -148, -148, -148, -148, -148, -148, -148, -148, -148,
+     -148, -148, -148, -148, -148, -148, -148, -148, -148, -148,
+     -148, -148, -148, -148, -148, -148, -148, -148, -148, -148
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -149, -149, -149, -149,  149, -149,  149, -149,  149,
+      149, -149, -149, -149,  149,  149, -149,  149, -149,  149,
+     -149, -149, -149, -149,  149,  149,  149,  149, -149, -149,
+     -149, -149, -149, -149, -149, -149, -149, -149, -149, -149
+
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,  163,  164,  165,  165,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,
+      163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  166,  163,  163,
+      163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,
+      163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,  151,  152,  118,  118,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,
+      151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  153,  151,  151,
+      151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,
+      151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,  151,  152,  118,  118,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,
+      151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  153,  151,  151,
+
+      151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,
+      151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,  151,  152,  118,  118,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,
+      151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  167,  151,  151,
+      151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,
+      151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -154, -154, -154, -154, -154, -154, -154, -154, -154,
+     -154, -154, -154, -154, -154, -154, -154, -154, -154, -154,
+      168, -154, -154, -154, -154, -154, -154, -154, -154, -154,
+     -154, -154, -154, -154, -154, -154, -154, -154, -154, -154
+
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -155, -155, -155, -155, -155, -155, -155, -155, -155,
+     -155, -155, -155, -155, -155, -155, -155, -155, -155, -155,
+      169,  169, -155, -155, -155, -155, -155, -155,  169,  169,
+      169, -155, -155, -155, -155, -155, -155, -155, -155, -155
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -156, -156, -156, -156, -156, -156, -156, -156, -156,
+     -156, -156, -156, -156, -156, -156, -156, -156, -156, -156,
+      170,  170, -156, -156, -156, -156, -156, -156,  170,  170,
+      170, -156, -156, -156, -156, -156, -156, -156, -156, -156
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -157, -157, -157, -157, -157, -157, -157, -157, -157,
+     -157, -157, -157, -157, -157, -157, -157, -157, -157, -157,
+
+      171,  171, -157, -157, -157, -157, -157, -157,  171,  171,
+      171, -157, -157, -157, -157, -157, -157, -157, -157, -157
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -158, -158, -158, -158, -158, -158, -158,  131, -158,
+     -158, -158, -158, -158, -158, -158, -158, -158, -158, -158,
+      158,  158, -158, -158, -158, -158, -158, -158,  158,  158,
+      158,  158,  158,  158,  158, -158,  158,  158, -158, -158
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -159, -159, -159, -159, -159, -159, -159, -159, -159,
+     -159, -159, -159, -159, -159, -159, -159, -159, -159, -159,
+     -159, -159, -159, -159, -159, -159, -159, -159, -159, -159,
+     -159, -159, -159, -159, -159, -159, -159, -159, -159, -159
+
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -160, -160, -160, -160, -160, -160, -160, -160, -160,
+     -160, -160, -160, -160, -160, -160, -160, -160, -160, -160,
+     -160, -160, -160, -160, -160, -160, -160, -160, -160, -160,
+     -160, -160, -160, -160, -160, -160, -160, -160, -160, -160
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -161, -161, -161, -161, -161, -161, -161, -161, -161,
+     -161, -161, -161, -161, -161, -161, -161, -161, -161, -161,
+     -161, -161, -161, -161, -161, -161, -161, -161, -161, -161,
+     -161, -161, -161, -161, -161, -161, -161, -161, -161, -161
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -162, -162, -162, -162, -162, -162, -162, -162, -162,
+     -162, -162, -162, -162, -162, -162, -162, -162, -162, -162,
+
+      162,  162, -162, -162, -162, -162, -162, -162,  162,  162,
+      162,  162,  162,  162,  162, -162,  162,  162, -162,  172
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,  163,  164,  165,  165,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,
+      163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  166,  163,  163,
+      163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,
+      163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,  163,  164,  165,  165,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,
+      163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  166,  163,  163,
+      163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,
+      163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163
+
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -165,  120,  120,  120, -165, -165, -165, -165, -165,
+     -165,  121, -165, -165, -165, -165, -165,  122, -165, -165,
+     -165, -165, -165, -165, -165, -165, -165, -165, -165, -165,
+     -165, -165, -165, -165, -165, -165, -165, -165, -165, -165
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,  163,  164,  165,  165,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,
+      163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  173,  163,  163,
+      163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,
+      163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,  151,  152,  118,  118,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,
+      151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  167,  151,  151,
+
+      151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,
+      151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151,  151
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -168, -168, -168, -168, -168, -168, -168, -168, -168,
+     -168, -168, -168, -168, -168, -168, -168, -168, -168, -168,
+     -168, -168, -168, -168, -168, -168, -168, -168, -168, -168,
+     -168, -168, -168, -168, -168, -168, -168, -168, -168, -168
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -169, -169, -169, -169, -169, -169, -169, -169, -169,
+     -169, -169, -169, -169, -169, -169, -169, -169, -169, -169,
+      174,  174, -169, -169, -169, -169, -169, -169,  174,  174,
+      174, -169, -169, -169, -169, -169, -169, -169, -169, -169
+
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -170, -170, -170, -170, -170, -170, -170, -170, -170,
+     -170, -170, -170, -170, -170, -170, -170, -170, -170, -170,
+      175,  175, -170, -170, -170, -170, -170, -170,  175,  175,
+      175, -170, -170, -170, -170, -170, -170, -170, -170, -170
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -171, -171, -171, -171, -171, -171, -171, -171, -171,
+     -171, -171, -171, -171, -171, -171, -171, -171, -171, -171,
+     -171, -171, -171, -171, -171, -171, -171, -171, -171, -171,
+     -171, -171, -171, -171, -171, -171, -171, -171, -171, -171
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -172, -172, -172, -172, -172, -172, -172, -172, -172,
+     -172, -172, -172, -172, -172, -172, -172, -172, -172, -172,
+
+     -172, -172, -172, -172, -172, -172, -172, -172, -172, -172,
+     -172, -172, -172, -172, -172, -172, -172, -172, -172, -172
+    },
+
+    {
+       23,  163,  164,  165,  165,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,
+      163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  173,  163,  163,
+      163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,
+      163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -174, -174, -174, -174, -174, -174, -174, -174, -174,
+     -174, -174, -174, -174, -174, -174, -174, -174, -174, -174,
+      176,  176, -174, -174, -174, -174, -174, -174,  176,  176,
+      176, -174, -174, -174, -174, -174, -174, -174, -174, -174
+
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -175, -175, -175, -175, -175, -175, -175, -175, -175,
+     -175, -175, -175, -175, -175, -175, -175, -175, -175, -175,
+      177,  177, -175, -175, -175, -175, -175, -175,  177,  177,
+      177, -175, -175, -175, -175, -175, -175, -175, -175, -175
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -176, -176, -176, -176, -176, -176, -176, -176, -176,
+     -176, -176, -176, -176, -176, -176, -176, -176, -176, -176,
+      178,  178, -176, -176, -176, -176, -176, -176,  178,  178,
+      178, -176, -176, -176, -176, -176, -176, -176, -176, -176
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -177, -177, -177, -177, -177, -177, -177, -177, -177,
+     -177, -177, -177, -177, -177, -177, -177, -177, -177, -177,
+
+     -177, -177, -177, -177, -177, -177, -177, -177, -177, -177,
+     -177, -177, -177, -177, -177, -177, -177, -177, -177, -177
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -178, -178, -178, -178, -178, -178, -178, -178, -178,
+     -178, -178, -178, -178, -178, -178, -178, -178, -178, -178,
+      179,  179, -178, -178, -178, -178, -178, -178,  179,  179,
+      179, -178, -178, -178, -178, -178, -178, -178, -178, -178
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -179, -179, -179, -179, -179, -179, -179, -179, -179,
+     -179, -179, -179, -179, -179, -179, -179, -179, -179, -179,
+      180,  180, -179, -179, -179, -179, -179, -179,  180,  180,
+      180, -179, -179, -179, -179, -179, -179, -179, -179, -179
+
+    },
+
+    {
+       23, -180, -180, -180, -180, -180, -180, -180, -180, -180,
+     -180, -180, -180, -180, -180, -180, -180, -180, -180, -180,
+      177,  177, -180, -180, -180, -180, -180, -180,  177,  177,
+      177, -180, -180, -180, -180, -180, -180, -180, -180, -180
+    },
+
+    } ;
+
+static yy_state_type yy_get_previous_state ( yyscan_t yyscanner );
+static yy_state_type yy_try_NUL_trans ( yy_state_type current_state  , yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static int yy_get_next_buffer ( yyscan_t yyscanner );
+static void yynoreturn yy_fatal_error ( const char* msg , yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+/* Done after the current pattern has been matched and before the
+ * corresponding action - sets up yytext.
+ */
+#define YY_DO_BEFORE_ACTION \
+	yyg->yytext_ptr = yy_bp; \
+	yyleng = (int) (yy_cp - yy_bp); \
+	yyg->yy_hold_char = *yy_cp; \
+	*yy_cp = '\0'; \
+	yyg->yy_c_buf_p = yy_cp;
+#define YY_NUM_RULES 77
+#define YY_END_OF_BUFFER 78
+/* This struct is not used in this scanner,
+   but its presence is necessary. */
+struct yy_trans_info
+	{
+	flex_int32_t yy_verify;
+	flex_int32_t yy_nxt;
+	};
+static const flex_int16_t yy_accept[181] =
+    {   0,
+        0,    0,   10,   10,    0,    0,    0,    0,    9,    9,
+        0,    0,   18,   18,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+        0,    0,   78,   76,    1,    1,   64,   35,   64,   76,
+       63,   13,   50,   51,   63,   63,   63,   63,   67,   63,
+       52,   63,   63,   63,   75,   75,   75,   75,   75,   75,
+       54,   10,   16,    5,    5,    6,    6,   40,   37,    9,
+       21,   16,   19,   18,   18,   18,   18,   22,   22,   16,
+       28,   32,   32,   34,   38,    1,   64,   49,   29,   65,
+       30,    1,   43,   68,    2,   68,   67,   72,   72,   60,
+       59,   55,   42,   44,   62,   46,   48,   45,   47,   75,
+
+        8,   14,   12,   41,   11,   53,   10,    5,    7,    4,
+        3,   40,   39,    9,   21,   20,   18,   18,   18,   18,
+       17,   18,   18,   22,   25,   26,   24,   24,   25,   32,
+       31,   33,   66,   30,    1,    1,   73,   73,    2,   69,
+       68,   71,   70,   60,   59,   61,   36,   15,    3,   18,
+       18,   18,   18,   26,   24,   24,   27,   33,   74,   57,
+       56,   61,   18,   18,   18,   18,   18,   26,   24,   24,
+       27,   58,   18,   24,   24,   24,   23,   24,   24,   24
+    } ;
+
+static const YY_CHAR yy_ec[256] =
+    {   0,
+        1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    2,    3,
+        1,    2,    4,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,
+        1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,
+        1,    2,    5,    6,    7,    8,    9,   10,   11,   12,
+       13,   14,   15,   16,   17,   18,   19,   20,   20,   20,
+       20,   20,   20,   20,   20,   21,   21,   22,   23,   24,
+       25,   26,   27,    7,   28,   29,   28,   28,   30,   28,
+       31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   32,   31,   31,
+       31,   31,   31,   31,   33,   31,   31,   34,   31,   31,
+       16,   35,   16,    9,   31,    7,   28,   29,   28,   28,
+
+       30,   28,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   32,
+       31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   36,   31,   31,   37,
+       31,   31,   38,    7,   39,    7,    1,   31,   31,   31,
+       31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,
+       31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,
+       31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,
+       31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,
+       31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,
+       31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,
+       31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,
+
+       31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,
+       31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,
+       31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,
+       31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,
+       31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,   31,
+       31,   31,   31,   31,   31
+    } ;
+
+/* The intent behind this definition is that it'll catch
+ * any uses of REJECT which flex missed.
+ */
+#define REJECT reject_used_but_not_detected
+#define yymore() yymore_used_but_not_detected
+#define YY_MORE_ADJ 0
+#define YY_RESTORE_YY_MORE_OFFSET
+#line 1 "psqlscan.l"
+
+#line 44 "psqlscan.l"
+
+/* LCOV_EXCL_START */
+
+#include "fe_utils/psqlscan_int.h"
+
+/*
+ * We must have a typedef YYSTYPE for yylex's first argument, but this lexer
+ * doesn't presently make use of that argument, so just declare it as int.
+ */
+typedef int YYSTYPE;
+
+/*
+ * Set the type of yyextra; we use it as a pointer back to the containing
+ * PsqlScanState.
+ */
+#define YY_EXTRA_TYPE PsqlScanState
+
+
+/* Return values from yylex() */
+#define LEXRES_EOL			0	/* end of input */
+#define LEXRES_SEMI			1	/* command-terminating semicolon found */
+#define LEXRES_BACKSLASH	2	/* backslash command start */
+
+
+#define ECHO psqlscan_emit(cur_state, yytext, yyleng)
+
+/*
+ * Work around a bug in flex 2.5.35: it emits a couple of functions that
+ * it forgets to emit declarations for.  Since we use -Wmissing-prototypes,
+ * this would cause warnings.  Providing our own declarations should be
+ * harmless even when the bug gets fixed.
+ */
+extern int	psql_yyget_column(yyscan_t yyscanner);
+extern void psql_yyset_column(int column_no, yyscan_t yyscanner);
+
+#line 2056 "psqlscan.c"
+#define YY_NO_INPUT 1
+/*
+ * All of the following definitions and rules should exactly match
+ * src/backend/parser/scan.l so far as the flex patterns are concerned.
+ * The rule bodies are just ECHO as opposed to what the backend does,
+ * however.  (But be sure to duplicate code that affects the lexing process,
+ * such as BEGIN() and yyless().)  Also, psqlscan uses a single <<EOF>> rule
+ * whereas scan.l has a separate one for each exclusive state.
+ */
+/*
+ * OK, here is a short description of lex/flex rules behavior.
+ * The longest pattern which matches an input string is always chosen.
+ * For equal-length patterns, the first occurring in the rules list is chosen.
+ * INITIAL is the starting state, to which all non-conditional rules apply.
+ * Exclusive states change parsing rules while the state is active.  When in
+ * an exclusive state, only those rules defined for that state apply.
+ *
+ * We use exclusive states for quoted strings, extended comments,
+ * and to eliminate parsing troubles for numeric strings.
+ * Exclusive states:
+ *  <xb> bit string literal
+ *  <xc> extended C-style comments
+ *  <xd> delimited identifiers (double-quoted identifiers)
+ *  <xh> hexadecimal byte string
+ *  <xq> standard quoted strings
+ *  <xqs> quote stop (detect continued strings)
+ *  <xe> extended quoted strings (support backslash escape sequences)
+ *  <xdolq> $foo$ quoted strings
+ *  <xui> quoted identifier with Unicode escapes
+ *  <xus> quoted string with Unicode escapes
+ *
+ * Note: we intentionally don't mimic the backend's <xeu> state; we have
+ * no need to distinguish it from <xe> state, and no good way to get out
+ * of it in error cases.  The backend just throws yyerror() in those
+ * cases, but that's not an option here.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * In order to make the world safe for Windows and Mac clients as well as
+ * Unix ones, we accept either \n or \r as a newline.  A DOS-style \r\n
+ * sequence will be seen as two successive newlines, but that doesn't cause
+ * any problems.  Comments that start with -- and extend to the next
+ * newline are treated as equivalent to a single whitespace character.
+ *
+ * NOTE a fine point: if there is no newline following --, we will absorb
+ * everything to the end of the input as a comment.  This is correct.  Older
+ * versions of Postgres failed to recognize -- as a comment if the input
+ * did not end with a newline.
+ *
+ * XXX perhaps \f (formfeed) should be treated as a newline as well?
+ *
+ * XXX if you change the set of whitespace characters, fix scanner_isspace()
+ * to agree.
+ */
+/*
+ * SQL requires at least one newline in the whitespace separating
+ * string literals that are to be concatenated.  Silly, but who are we
+ * to argue?  Note that {whitespace_with_newline} should not have * after
+ * it, whereas {whitespace} should generally have a * after it...
+ */
+/* If we see {quote} then {quotecontinue}, the quoted string continues */
+/*
+ * {quotecontinuefail} is needed to avoid lexer backup when we fail to match
+ * {quotecontinue}.  It might seem that this could just be {whitespace}*,
+ * but if there's a dash after {whitespace_with_newline}, it must be consumed
+ * to see if there's another dash --- which would start a {comment} and thus
+ * allow continuation of the {quotecontinue} token.
+ */
+/* Bit string
+ * It is tempting to scan the string for only those characters
+ * which are allowed. However, this leads to silently swallowed
+ * characters if illegal characters are included in the string.
+ * For example, if xbinside is [01] then B'ABCD' is interpreted
+ * as a zero-length string, and the ABCD' is lost!
+ * Better to pass the string forward and let the input routines
+ * validate the contents.
+ */
+/* Hexadecimal byte string */
+/* National character */
+/* Quoted string that allows backslash escapes */
+/* Extended quote
+ * xqdouble implements embedded quote, ''''
+ */
+/* $foo$ style quotes ("dollar quoting")
+ * The quoted string starts with $foo$ where "foo" is an optional string
+ * in the form of an identifier, except that it may not contain "$",
+ * and extends to the first occurrence of an identical string.
+ * There is *no* processing of the quoted text.
+ *
+ * {dolqfailed} is an error rule to avoid scanner backup when {dolqdelim}
+ * fails to match its trailing "$".
+ */
+/* Double quote
+ * Allows embedded spaces and other special characters into identifiers.
+ */
+/* Quoted identifier with Unicode escapes */
+/* Quoted string with Unicode escapes */
+/* error rule to avoid backup */
+/* C-style comments
+ *
+ * The "extended comment" syntax closely resembles allowable operator syntax.
+ * The tricky part here is to get lex to recognize a string starting with
+ * slash-star as a comment, when interpreting it as an operator would produce
+ * a longer match --- remember lex will prefer a longer match!  Also, if we
+ * have something like plus-slash-star, lex will think this is a 3-character
+ * operator whereas we want to see it as a + operator and a comment start.
+ * The solution is two-fold:
+ * 1. append {op_chars}* to xcstart so that it matches as much text as
+ *    {operator} would. Then the tie-breaker (first matching rule of same
+ *    length) ensures xcstart wins.  We put back the extra stuff with yyless()
+ *    in case it contains a star-slash that should terminate the comment.
+ * 2. In the operator rule, check for slash-star within the operator, and
+ *    if found throw it back with yyless().  This handles the plus-slash-star
+ *    problem.
+ * Dash-dash comments have similar interactions with the operator rule.
+ */
+/* Assorted special-case operators and operator-like tokens */
+/*
+ * These operator-like tokens (unlike the above ones) also match the {operator}
+ * rule, which means that they might be overridden by a longer match if they
+ * are followed by a comment start or a + or - character. Accordingly, if you
+ * add to this list, you must also add corresponding code to the {operator}
+ * block to return the correct token in such cases. (This is not needed in
+ * psqlscan.l since the token value is ignored there.)
+ */
+/*
+ * "self" is the set of chars that should be returned as single-character
+ * tokens.  "op_chars" is the set of chars that can make up "Op" tokens,
+ * which can be one or more characters long (but if a single-char token
+ * appears in the "self" set, it is not to be returned as an Op).  Note
+ * that the sets overlap, but each has some chars that are not in the other.
+ *
+ * If you change either set, adjust the character lists appearing in the
+ * rule for "operator"!
+ */
+/*
+ * Numbers
+ *
+ * Unary minus is not part of a number here.  Instead we pass it separately to
+ * the parser, and there it gets coerced via doNegate().
+ *
+ * {decimalfail} is used because we would like "1..10" to lex as 1, dot_dot, 10.
+ *
+ * {realfail} is added to prevent the need for scanner
+ * backup when the {real} rule fails to match completely.
+ */
+/* psql-specific: characters allowed in variable names */
+/*
+ * Dollar quoted strings are totally opaque, and no escaping is done on them.
+ * Other quoted strings must allow some special characters such as single-quote
+ *  and newline.
+ * Embedded single-quotes are implemented both in the SQL standard
+ *  style of two adjacent single quotes "''" and in the Postgres/Java style
+ *  of escaped-quote "\'".
+ * Other embedded escaped characters are matched explicitly and the leading
+ *  backslash is dropped from the string.
+ * Note that xcstart must appear before operator, as explained above!
+ *  Also whitespace (comment) must appear before operator.
+ */
+#line 2216 "psqlscan.c"
+
+#define INITIAL 0
+#define xb 1
+#define xc 2
+#define xd 3
+#define xh 4
+#define xq 5
+#define xqs 6
+#define xe 7
+#define xdolq 8
+#define xui 9
+#define xus 10
+
+#ifndef YY_NO_UNISTD_H
+/* Special case for "unistd.h", since it is non-ANSI. We include it way
+ * down here because we want the user's section 1 to have been scanned first.
+ * The user has a chance to override it with an option.
+ */
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifndef YY_EXTRA_TYPE
+#define YY_EXTRA_TYPE void *
+#endif
+
+/* Holds the entire state of the reentrant scanner. */
+struct yyguts_t
+    {
+
+    /* User-defined. Not touched by flex. */
+    YY_EXTRA_TYPE yyextra_r;
+
+    /* The rest are the same as the globals declared in the non-reentrant scanner. */
+    FILE *yyin_r, *yyout_r;
+    size_t yy_buffer_stack_top; /**< index of top of stack. */
+    size_t yy_buffer_stack_max; /**< capacity of stack. */
+    YY_BUFFER_STATE * yy_buffer_stack; /**< Stack as an array. */
+    char yy_hold_char;
+    int yy_n_chars;
+    int yyleng_r;
+    char *yy_c_buf_p;
+    int yy_init;
+    int yy_start;
+    int yy_did_buffer_switch_on_eof;
+    int yy_start_stack_ptr;
+    int yy_start_stack_depth;
+    int *yy_start_stack;
+    yy_state_type yy_last_accepting_state;
+    char* yy_last_accepting_cpos;
+
+    int yylineno_r;
+    int yy_flex_debug_r;
+
+    char *yytext_r;
+    int yy_more_flag;
+    int yy_more_len;
+
+    YYSTYPE * yylval_r;
+
+    }; /* end struct yyguts_t */
+
+static int yy_init_globals ( yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+    /* This must go here because YYSTYPE and YYLTYPE are included
+     * from bison output in section 1.*/
+    #    define yylval yyg->yylval_r
+    
+int yylex_init (yyscan_t* scanner);
+
+int yylex_init_extra ( YY_EXTRA_TYPE user_defined, yyscan_t* scanner);
+
+/* Accessor methods to globals.
+   These are made visible to non-reentrant scanners for convenience. */
+
+int yylex_destroy ( yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+int yyget_debug ( yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+void yyset_debug ( int debug_flag , yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+YY_EXTRA_TYPE yyget_extra ( yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+void yyset_extra ( YY_EXTRA_TYPE user_defined , yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+FILE *yyget_in ( yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+void yyset_in  ( FILE * _in_str , yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+FILE *yyget_out ( yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+void yyset_out  ( FILE * _out_str , yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+			int yyget_leng ( yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+char *yyget_text ( yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+int yyget_lineno ( yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+void yyset_lineno ( int _line_number , yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+int yyget_column  ( yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+void yyset_column ( int _column_no , yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+YYSTYPE * yyget_lval ( yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+void yyset_lval ( YYSTYPE * yylval_param , yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+/* Macros after this point can all be overridden by user definitions in
+ * section 1.
+ */
+
+#ifndef YY_SKIP_YYWRAP
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" int yywrap ( yyscan_t yyscanner );
+#else
+extern int yywrap ( yyscan_t yyscanner );
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef YY_NO_UNPUT
+    
+#endif
+
+#ifndef yytext_ptr
+static void yy_flex_strncpy ( char *, const char *, int , yyscan_t yyscanner);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef YY_NEED_STRLEN
+static int yy_flex_strlen ( const char * , yyscan_t yyscanner);
+#endif
+
+#ifndef YY_NO_INPUT
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+static int yyinput ( yyscan_t yyscanner );
+#else
+static int input ( yyscan_t yyscanner );
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+/* Amount of stuff to slurp up with each read. */
+#ifndef YY_READ_BUF_SIZE
+#ifdef __ia64__
+/* On IA-64, the buffer size is 16k, not 8k */
+#define YY_READ_BUF_SIZE 16384
+#else
+#define YY_READ_BUF_SIZE 8192
+#endif /* __ia64__ */
+#endif
+
+/* Copy whatever the last rule matched to the standard output. */
+#ifndef ECHO
+/* This used to be an fputs(), but since the string might contain NUL's,
+ * we now use fwrite().
+ */
+#define ECHO do { if (fwrite( yytext, (size_t) yyleng, 1, yyout )) {} } while (0)
+#endif
+
+/* Gets input and stuffs it into "buf".  number of characters read, or YY_NULL,
+ * is returned in "result".
+ */
+#ifndef YY_INPUT
+#define YY_INPUT(buf,result,max_size) \
+	if ( YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_is_interactive ) \
+		{ \
+		int c = '*'; \
+		int n; \
+		for ( n = 0; n < max_size && \
+			     (c = getc( yyin )) != EOF && c != '\n'; ++n ) \
+			buf[n] = (char) c; \
+		if ( c == '\n' ) \
+			buf[n++] = (char) c; \
+		if ( c == EOF && ferror( yyin ) ) \
+			YY_FATAL_ERROR( "input in flex scanner failed" ); \
+		result = n; \
+		} \
+	else \
+		{ \
+		errno=0; \
+		while ( (result = (int) fread(buf, 1, (yy_size_t) max_size, yyin)) == 0 && ferror(yyin)) \
+			{ \
+			if( errno != EINTR) \
+				{ \
+				YY_FATAL_ERROR( "input in flex scanner failed" ); \
+				break; \
+				} \
+			errno=0; \
+			clearerr(yyin); \
+			} \
+		}\
+\
+
+#endif
+
+/* No semi-colon after return; correct usage is to write "yyterminate();" -
+ * we don't want an extra ';' after the "return" because that will cause
+ * some compilers to complain about unreachable statements.
+ */
+#ifndef yyterminate
+#define yyterminate() return YY_NULL
+#endif
+
+/* Number of entries by which start-condition stack grows. */
+#ifndef YY_START_STACK_INCR
+#define YY_START_STACK_INCR 25
+#endif
+
+/* Report a fatal error. */
+#ifndef YY_FATAL_ERROR
+#define YY_FATAL_ERROR(msg) yy_fatal_error( msg , yyscanner)
+#endif
+
+/* end tables serialization structures and prototypes */
+
+/* Default declaration of generated scanner - a define so the user can
+ * easily add parameters.
+ */
+#ifndef YY_DECL
+#define YY_DECL_IS_OURS 1
+
+extern int yylex \
+               (YYSTYPE * yylval_param , yyscan_t yyscanner);
+
+#define YY_DECL int yylex \
+               (YYSTYPE * yylval_param , yyscan_t yyscanner)
+#endif /* !YY_DECL */
+
+/* Code executed at the beginning of each rule, after yytext and yyleng
+ * have been set up.
+ */
+#ifndef YY_USER_ACTION
+#define YY_USER_ACTION
+#endif
+
+/* Code executed at the end of each rule. */
+#ifndef YY_BREAK
+#define YY_BREAK /*LINTED*/break;
+#endif
+
+#define YY_RULE_SETUP \
+	YY_USER_ACTION
+
+/** The main scanner function which does all the work.
+ */
+YY_DECL
+{
+	yy_state_type yy_current_state;
+	char *yy_cp, *yy_bp;
+	int yy_act;
+    struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
+
+    yylval = yylval_param;
+
+	if ( !yyg->yy_init )
+		{
+		yyg->yy_init = 1;
+
+#ifdef YY_USER_INIT
+		YY_USER_INIT;
+#endif
+
+		if ( ! yyg->yy_start )
+			yyg->yy_start = 1;	/* first start state */
+
+		if ( ! yyin )
+			yyin = stdin;
+
+		if ( ! yyout )
+			yyout = stdout;
+
+		if ( ! YY_CURRENT_BUFFER ) {
+			yyensure_buffer_stack (yyscanner);
+			YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE =
+				yy_create_buffer( yyin, YY_BUF_SIZE , yyscanner);
+		}
+
+		yy_load_buffer_state( yyscanner );
+		}
+
+	{
+#line 364 "psqlscan.l"
+
+
+
+#line 368 "psqlscan.l"
+		/* Declare some local variables inside yylex(), for convenience */
+		PsqlScanState cur_state = yyextra;
+		PQExpBuffer output_buf = cur_state->output_buf;
+
+		/*
+		 * Force flex into the state indicated by start_state.  This has a
+		 * couple of purposes: it lets some of the functions below set a new
+		 * starting state without ugly direct access to flex variables, and it
+		 * allows us to transition from one flex lexer to another so that we
+		 * can lex different parts of the source string using separate lexers.
+		 */
+		BEGIN(cur_state->start_state);
+
+
+#line 2517 "psqlscan.c"
+
+	while ( /*CONSTCOND*/1 )		/* loops until end-of-file is reached */
+		{
+		yy_cp = yyg->yy_c_buf_p;
+
+		/* Support of yytext. */
+		*yy_cp = yyg->yy_hold_char;
+
+		/* yy_bp points to the position in yy_ch_buf of the start of
+		 * the current run.
+		 */
+		yy_bp = yy_cp;
+
+		yy_current_state = yyg->yy_start;
+yy_match:
+		while ( (yy_current_state = yy_nxt[yy_current_state][ yy_ec[YY_SC_TO_UI(*yy_cp)]  ]) > 0 )
+			++yy_cp;
+
+		yy_current_state = -yy_current_state;
+
+yy_find_action:
+		yy_act = yy_accept[yy_current_state];
+
+		YY_DO_BEFORE_ACTION;
+
+do_action:	/* This label is used only to access EOF actions. */
+
+		switch ( yy_act )
+	{ /* beginning of action switch */
+case 1:
+/* rule 1 can match eol */
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 382 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					/*
+					 * Note that the whitespace rule includes both true
+					 * whitespace and single-line ("--" style) comments.
+					 * We suppress whitespace until we have collected some
+					 * non-whitespace data.  (This interacts with some
+					 * decisions in MainLoop(); see there for details.)
+					 */
+					if (output_buf->len > 0)
+						ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 2:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 394 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					cur_state->xcdepth = 0;
+					BEGIN(xc);
+					/* Put back any characters past slash-star; see above */
+					yyless(2);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+
+case 3:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 403 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					cur_state->xcdepth++;
+					/* Put back any characters past slash-star; see above */
+					yyless(2);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 4:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 410 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					if (cur_state->xcdepth <= 0)
+						BEGIN(INITIAL);
+					else
+						cur_state->xcdepth--;
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 5:
+/* rule 5 can match eol */
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 418 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 6:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 422 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 7:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 426 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+/* <xc> */
+case 8:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 431 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					BEGIN(xb);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 9:
+/* rule 9 can match eol */
+#line 436 "psqlscan.l"
+case 10:
+/* rule 10 can match eol */
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 436 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 11:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 440 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					/* Hexadecimal bit type.
+					 * At some point we should simply pass the string
+					 * forward to the parser and label it there.
+					 * In the meantime, place a leading "x" on the string
+					 * to mark it for the input routine as a hex string.
+					 */
+					BEGIN(xh);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 12:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 451 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					yyless(1);	/* eat only 'n' this time */
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 13:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 456 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					if (cur_state->std_strings)
+						BEGIN(xq);
+					else
+						BEGIN(xe);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 14:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 463 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					BEGIN(xe);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 15:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 467 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					BEGIN(xus);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 16:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 472 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					/*
+					 * When we are scanning a quoted string and see an end
+					 * quote, we must look ahead for a possible continuation.
+					 * If we don't see one, we know the end quote was in fact
+					 * the end of the string.  To reduce the lexer table size,
+					 * we use a single "xqs" state to do the lookahead for all
+					 * types of strings.
+					 */
+					cur_state->state_before_str_stop = YYSTATE;
+					BEGIN(xqs);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 17:
+/* rule 17 can match eol */
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 485 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					/*
+					 * Found a quote continuation, so return to the in-quote
+					 * state and continue scanning the literal.  Nothing is
+					 * added to the literal's contents.
+					 */
+					BEGIN(cur_state->state_before_str_stop);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 18:
+/* rule 18 can match eol */
+#line 495 "psqlscan.l"
+case 19:
+/* rule 19 can match eol */
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 495 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					/*
+					 * Failed to see a quote continuation.  Throw back
+					 * everything after the end quote, and handle the string
+					 * according to the state we were in previously.
+					 */
+					yyless(0);
+					BEGIN(INITIAL);
+					/* There's nothing to echo ... */
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 20:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 506 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 21:
+/* rule 21 can match eol */
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 509 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 22:
+/* rule 22 can match eol */
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 512 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 23:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 515 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 24:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 518 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 25:
+/* rule 25 can match eol */
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 521 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 26:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 524 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 27:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 527 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 28:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 530 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					/* This is only needed for \ just before EOF */
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 29:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 535 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					cur_state->dolqstart = pg_strdup(yytext);
+					BEGIN(xdolq);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 30:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 540 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					/* throw back all but the initial "$" */
+					yyless(1);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 31:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 545 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					if (strcmp(yytext, cur_state->dolqstart) == 0)
+					{
+						free(cur_state->dolqstart);
+						cur_state->dolqstart = NULL;
+						BEGIN(INITIAL);
+					}
+					else
+					{
+						/*
+						 * When we fail to match $...$ to dolqstart, transfer
+						 * the $... part to the output, but put back the final
+						 * $ for rescanning.  Consider $delim$...$junk$delim$
+						 */
+						yyless(yyleng - 1);
+					}
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 32:
+/* rule 32 can match eol */
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 563 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 33:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 566 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 34:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 569 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					/* This is only needed for $ inside the quoted text */
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 35:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 574 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					BEGIN(xd);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 36:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 578 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					BEGIN(xui);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 37:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 582 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					BEGIN(INITIAL);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 38:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 586 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					BEGIN(INITIAL);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 39:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 590 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 40:
+/* rule 40 can match eol */
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 593 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 41:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 597 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					/* throw back all but the initial u/U */
+					yyless(1);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 42:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 603 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 43:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 607 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 44:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 611 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 45:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 615 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 46:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 619 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 47:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 623 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 48:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 627 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 49:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 631 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+/*
+	 * These rules are specific to psql --- they implement parenthesis
+	 * counting and detection of command-ending semicolon.  These must
+	 * appear before the {self} rule so that they take precedence over it.
+	 */
+case 50:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 641 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					cur_state->paren_depth++;
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 51:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 646 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					if (cur_state->paren_depth > 0)
+						cur_state->paren_depth--;
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 52:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 652 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					ECHO;
+					if (cur_state->paren_depth == 0 && cur_state->begin_depth == 0)
+					{
+						/* Terminate lexing temporarily */
+						cur_state->start_state = YY_START;
+						cur_state->identifier_count = 0;
+						return LEXRES_SEMI;
+					}
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+/*
+	 * psql-specific rules to handle backslash commands and variable
+	 * substitution.  We want these before {self}, also.
+	 */
+case 53:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 668 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					/* Force a semi-colon or colon into the query buffer */
+					psqlscan_emit(cur_state, yytext + 1, 1);
+					if (yytext[1] == ';')
+						cur_state->identifier_count = 0;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 54:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 675 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					/* Terminate lexing temporarily */
+					cur_state->start_state = YY_START;
+					return LEXRES_BACKSLASH;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 55:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 681 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					/* Possible psql variable substitution */
+					char	   *varname;
+					char	   *value;
+
+					varname = psqlscan_extract_substring(cur_state,
+														 yytext + 1,
+														 yyleng - 1);
+					if (cur_state->callbacks->get_variable)
+						value = cur_state->callbacks->get_variable(varname,
+																   PQUOTE_PLAIN,
+																   cur_state->cb_passthrough);
+					else
+						value = NULL;
+
+					if (value)
+					{
+						/* It is a variable, check for recursion */
+						if (psqlscan_var_is_current_source(cur_state, varname))
+						{
+							/* Recursive expansion --- don't go there */
+							pg_log_warning("skipping recursive expansion of variable \"%s\"",
+															  varname);
+							/* Instead copy the string as is */
+							ECHO;
+						}
+						else
+						{
+							/* OK, perform substitution */
+							psqlscan_push_new_buffer(cur_state, value, varname);
+							/* yy_scan_string already made buffer active */
+						}
+						free(value);
+					}
+					else
+					{
+						/*
+						 * if the variable doesn't exist we'll copy the string
+						 * as is
+						 */
+						ECHO;
+					}
+
+					free(varname);
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 56:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 727 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					psqlscan_escape_variable(cur_state, yytext, yyleng,
+											 PQUOTE_SQL_LITERAL);
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 57:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 732 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					psqlscan_escape_variable(cur_state, yytext, yyleng,
+											 PQUOTE_SQL_IDENT);
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 58:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 737 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					psqlscan_test_variable(cur_state, yytext, yyleng);
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+/*
+	 * These rules just avoid the need for scanner backup if one of the
+	 * three rules above fails to match completely.
+	 */
+case 59:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 746 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					/* Throw back everything but the colon */
+					yyless(1);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 60:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 752 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					/* Throw back everything but the colon */
+					yyless(1);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 61:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 758 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					/* Throw back everything but the colon */
+					yyless(1);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 62:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 763 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					/* Throw back everything but the colon */
+					yyless(1);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+/*
+	 * Back to backend-compatible rules.
+	 */
+case 63:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 773 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 64:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 777 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					/*
+					 * Check for embedded slash-star or dash-dash; those
+					 * are comment starts, so operator must stop there.
+					 * Note that slash-star or dash-dash at the first
+					 * character will match a prior rule, not this one.
+					 */
+					int			nchars = yyleng;
+					char	   *slashstar = strstr(yytext, "/*");
+					char	   *dashdash = strstr(yytext, "--");
+
+					if (slashstar && dashdash)
+					{
+						/* if both appear, take the first one */
+						if (slashstar > dashdash)
+							slashstar = dashdash;
+					}
+					else if (!slashstar)
+						slashstar = dashdash;
+					if (slashstar)
+						nchars = slashstar - yytext;
+
+					/*
+					 * For SQL compatibility, '+' and '-' cannot be the
+					 * last char of a multi-char operator unless the operator
+					 * contains chars that are not in SQL operators.
+					 * The idea is to lex '=-' as two operators, but not
+					 * to forbid operator names like '?-' that could not be
+					 * sequences of SQL operators.
+					 */
+					if (nchars > 1 &&
+						(yytext[nchars - 1] == '+' ||
+						 yytext[nchars - 1] == '-'))
+					{
+						int			ic;
+
+						for (ic = nchars - 2; ic >= 0; ic--)
+						{
+							char c = yytext[ic];
+							if (c == '~' || c == '!' || c == '@' ||
+								c == '#' || c == '^' || c == '&' ||
+								c == '|' || c == '`' || c == '?' ||
+								c == '%')
+								break;
+						}
+						if (ic < 0)
+						{
+							/*
+							 * didn't find a qualifying character, so remove
+							 * all trailing [+-]
+							 */
+							do {
+								nchars--;
+							} while (nchars > 1 &&
+								 (yytext[nchars - 1] == '+' ||
+								  yytext[nchars - 1] == '-'));
+						}
+					}
+
+					if (nchars < yyleng)
+					{
+						/* Strip the unwanted chars from the token */
+						yyless(nchars);
+					}
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 65:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 844 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 66:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 847 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 67:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 851 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 68:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 854 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 69:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 857 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					/* throw back the .., and treat as integer */
+					yyless(yyleng - 2);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 70:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 862 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 71:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 865 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 72:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 868 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 73:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 871 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 74:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 874 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 75:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 879 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					/*
+					 * We need to track if we are inside a BEGIN .. END block
+					 * in a function definition, so that semicolons contained
+					 * therein don't terminate the whole statement.  Short of
+					 * writing a full parser here, the following heuristic
+					 * should work.  First, we track whether the beginning of
+					 * the statement matches CREATE [OR REPLACE]
+					 * {FUNCTION|PROCEDURE}
+					 */
+
+					if (cur_state->identifier_count == 0)
+						memset(cur_state->identifiers, 0, sizeof(cur_state->identifiers));
+
+					if (pg_strcasecmp(yytext, "create") == 0 ||
+						pg_strcasecmp(yytext, "function") == 0 ||
+						pg_strcasecmp(yytext, "procedure") == 0 ||
+						pg_strcasecmp(yytext, "or") == 0 ||
+						pg_strcasecmp(yytext, "replace") == 0)
+					{
+						if (cur_state->identifier_count < sizeof(cur_state->identifiers))
+							cur_state->identifiers[cur_state->identifier_count] = pg_tolower((unsigned char) yytext[0]);
+					}
+
+					cur_state->identifier_count++;
+
+					if (cur_state->identifiers[0] == 'c' &&
+						(cur_state->identifiers[1] == 'f' || cur_state->identifiers[1] == 'p' ||
+						 (cur_state->identifiers[1] == 'o' && cur_state->identifiers[2] == 'r' &&
+						  (cur_state->identifiers[3] == 'f' || cur_state->identifiers[3] == 'p'))) &&
+						cur_state->paren_depth == 0)
+					{
+						if (pg_strcasecmp(yytext, "begin") == 0)
+							cur_state->begin_depth++;
+						else if (pg_strcasecmp(yytext, "case") == 0)
+						{
+							/*
+							 * CASE also ends with END.  We only need to track
+							 * this if we are already inside a BEGIN.
+							 */
+							if (cur_state->begin_depth >= 1)
+								cur_state->begin_depth++;
+						}
+						else if (pg_strcasecmp(yytext, "end") == 0)
+						{
+							if (cur_state->begin_depth > 0)
+								cur_state->begin_depth--;
+						}
+					}
+
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 76:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 932 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case YY_STATE_EOF(INITIAL):
+case YY_STATE_EOF(xb):
+case YY_STATE_EOF(xc):
+case YY_STATE_EOF(xd):
+case YY_STATE_EOF(xh):
+case YY_STATE_EOF(xq):
+case YY_STATE_EOF(xqs):
+case YY_STATE_EOF(xe):
+case YY_STATE_EOF(xdolq):
+case YY_STATE_EOF(xui):
+case YY_STATE_EOF(xus):
+#line 936 "psqlscan.l"
+{
+					if (cur_state->buffer_stack == NULL)
+					{
+						cur_state->start_state = YY_START;
+						return LEXRES_EOL;		/* end of input reached */
+					}
+
+					/*
+					 * We were expanding a variable, so pop the inclusion
+					 * stack and keep lexing
+					 */
+					psqlscan_pop_buffer_stack(cur_state);
+					psqlscan_select_top_buffer(cur_state);
+				}
+	YY_BREAK
+case 77:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 951 "psqlscan.l"
+YY_FATAL_ERROR( "flex scanner jammed" );
+	YY_BREAK
+#line 3396 "psqlscan.c"
+
+	case YY_END_OF_BUFFER:
+		{
+		/* Amount of text matched not including the EOB char. */
+		int yy_amount_of_matched_text = (int) (yy_cp - yyg->yytext_ptr) - 1;
+
+		/* Undo the effects of YY_DO_BEFORE_ACTION. */
+		*yy_cp = yyg->yy_hold_char;
+		YY_RESTORE_YY_MORE_OFFSET
+
+		if ( YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_buffer_status == YY_BUFFER_NEW )
+			{
+			/* We're scanning a new file or input source.  It's
+			 * possible that this happened because the user
+			 * just pointed yyin at a new source and called
+			 * yylex().  If so, then we have to assure
+			 * consistency between YY_CURRENT_BUFFER and our
+			 * globals.  Here is the right place to do so, because
+			 * this is the first action (other than possibly a
+			 * back-up) that will match for the new input source.
+			 */
+			yyg->yy_n_chars = YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_n_chars;
+			YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_input_file = yyin;
+			YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_buffer_status = YY_BUFFER_NORMAL;
+			}
+
+		/* Note that here we test for yy_c_buf_p "<=" to the position
+		 * of the first EOB in the buffer, since yy_c_buf_p will
+		 * already have been incremented past the NUL character
+		 * (since all states make transitions on EOB to the
+		 * end-of-buffer state).  Contrast this with the test
+		 * in input().
+		 */
+		if ( yyg->yy_c_buf_p <= &YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_ch_buf[yyg->yy_n_chars] )
+			{ /* This was really a NUL. */
+			yy_state_type yy_next_state;
+
+			yyg->yy_c_buf_p = yyg->yytext_ptr + yy_amount_of_matched_text;
+
+			yy_current_state = yy_get_previous_state( yyscanner );
+
+			/* Okay, we're now positioned to make the NUL
+			 * transition.  We couldn't have
+			 * yy_get_previous_state() go ahead and do it
+			 * for us because it doesn't know how to deal
+			 * with the possibility of jamming (and we don't
+			 * want to build jamming into it because then it
+			 * will run more slowly).
+			 */
+
+			yy_next_state = yy_try_NUL_trans( yy_current_state , yyscanner);
+
+			yy_bp = yyg->yytext_ptr + YY_MORE_ADJ;
+
+			if ( yy_next_state )
+				{
+				/* Consume the NUL. */
+				yy_cp = ++yyg->yy_c_buf_p;
+				yy_current_state = yy_next_state;
+				goto yy_match;
+				}
+
+			else
+				{
+				yy_cp = yyg->yy_c_buf_p;
+				goto yy_find_action;
+				}
+			}
+
+		else switch ( yy_get_next_buffer( yyscanner ) )
+			{
+			case EOB_ACT_END_OF_FILE:
+				{
+				yyg->yy_did_buffer_switch_on_eof = 0;
+
+				if ( yywrap( yyscanner ) )
+					{
+					/* Note: because we've taken care in
+					 * yy_get_next_buffer() to have set up
+					 * yytext, we can now set up
+					 * yy_c_buf_p so that if some total
+					 * hoser (like flex itself) wants to
+					 * call the scanner after we return the
+					 * YY_NULL, it'll still work - another
+					 * YY_NULL will get returned.
+					 */
+					yyg->yy_c_buf_p = yyg->yytext_ptr + YY_MORE_ADJ;
+
+					yy_act = YY_STATE_EOF(YY_START);
+					goto do_action;
+					}
+
+				else
+					{
+					if ( ! yyg->yy_did_buffer_switch_on_eof )
+						YY_NEW_FILE;
+					}
+				break;
+				}
+
+			case EOB_ACT_CONTINUE_SCAN:
+				yyg->yy_c_buf_p =
+					yyg->yytext_ptr + yy_amount_of_matched_text;
+
+				yy_current_state = yy_get_previous_state( yyscanner );
+
+				yy_cp = yyg->yy_c_buf_p;
+				yy_bp = yyg->yytext_ptr + YY_MORE_ADJ;
+				goto yy_match;
+
+			case EOB_ACT_LAST_MATCH:
+				yyg->yy_c_buf_p =
+				&YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_ch_buf[yyg->yy_n_chars];
+
+				yy_current_state = yy_get_previous_state( yyscanner );
+
+				yy_cp = yyg->yy_c_buf_p;
+				yy_bp = yyg->yytext_ptr + YY_MORE_ADJ;
+				goto yy_find_action;
+			}
+		break;
+		}
+
+	default:
+		YY_FATAL_ERROR(
+			"fatal flex scanner internal error--no action found" );
+	} /* end of action switch */
+		} /* end of scanning one token */
+	} /* end of user's declarations */
+} /* end of yylex */
+
+/* yy_get_next_buffer - try to read in a new buffer
+ *
+ * Returns a code representing an action:
+ *	EOB_ACT_LAST_MATCH -
+ *	EOB_ACT_CONTINUE_SCAN - continue scanning from current position
+ *	EOB_ACT_END_OF_FILE - end of file
+ */
+static int yy_get_next_buffer (yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+    struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
+	char *dest = YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_ch_buf;
+	char *source = yyg->yytext_ptr;
+	int number_to_move, i;
+	int ret_val;
+
+	if ( yyg->yy_c_buf_p > &YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_ch_buf[yyg->yy_n_chars + 1] )
+		YY_FATAL_ERROR(
+		"fatal flex scanner internal error--end of buffer missed" );
+
+	if ( YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_fill_buffer == 0 )
+		{ /* Don't try to fill the buffer, so this is an EOF. */
+		if ( yyg->yy_c_buf_p - yyg->yytext_ptr - YY_MORE_ADJ == 1 )
+			{
+			/* We matched a single character, the EOB, so
+			 * treat this as a final EOF.
+			 */
+			return EOB_ACT_END_OF_FILE;
+			}
+
+		else
+			{
+			/* We matched some text prior to the EOB, first
+			 * process it.
+			 */
+			return EOB_ACT_LAST_MATCH;
+			}
+		}
+
+	/* Try to read more data. */
+
+	/* First move last chars to start of buffer. */
+	number_to_move = (int) (yyg->yy_c_buf_p - yyg->yytext_ptr - 1);
+
+	for ( i = 0; i < number_to_move; ++i )
+		*(dest++) = *(source++);
+
+	if ( YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_buffer_status == YY_BUFFER_EOF_PENDING )
+		/* don't do the read, it's not guaranteed to return an EOF,
+		 * just force an EOF
+		 */
+		YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_n_chars = yyg->yy_n_chars = 0;
+
+	else
+		{
+			int num_to_read =
+			YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_buf_size - number_to_move - 1;
+
+		while ( num_to_read <= 0 )
+			{ /* Not enough room in the buffer - grow it. */
+
+			/* just a shorter name for the current buffer */
+			YY_BUFFER_STATE b = YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE;
+
+			int yy_c_buf_p_offset =
+				(int) (yyg->yy_c_buf_p - b->yy_ch_buf);
+
+			if ( b->yy_is_our_buffer )
+				{
+				int new_size = b->yy_buf_size * 2;
+
+				if ( new_size <= 0 )
+					b->yy_buf_size += b->yy_buf_size / 8;
+				else
+					b->yy_buf_size *= 2;
+
+				b->yy_ch_buf = (char *)
+					/* Include room in for 2 EOB chars. */
+					yyrealloc( (void *) b->yy_ch_buf,
+							 (yy_size_t) (b->yy_buf_size + 2) , yyscanner );
+				}
+			else
+				/* Can't grow it, we don't own it. */
+				b->yy_ch_buf = NULL;
+
+			if ( ! b->yy_ch_buf )
+				YY_FATAL_ERROR(
+				"fatal error - scanner input buffer overflow" );
+
+			yyg->yy_c_buf_p = &b->yy_ch_buf[yy_c_buf_p_offset];
+
+			num_to_read = YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_buf_size -
+						number_to_move - 1;
+
+			}
+
+		if ( num_to_read > YY_READ_BUF_SIZE )
+			num_to_read = YY_READ_BUF_SIZE;
+
+		/* Read in more data. */
+		YY_INPUT( (&YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_ch_buf[number_to_move]),
+			yyg->yy_n_chars, num_to_read );
+
+		YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_n_chars = yyg->yy_n_chars;
+		}
+
+	if ( yyg->yy_n_chars == 0 )
+		{
+		if ( number_to_move == YY_MORE_ADJ )
+			{
+			ret_val = EOB_ACT_END_OF_FILE;
+			yyrestart( yyin  , yyscanner);
+			}
+
+		else
+			{
+			ret_val = EOB_ACT_LAST_MATCH;
+			YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_buffer_status =
+				YY_BUFFER_EOF_PENDING;
+			}
+		}
+
+	else
+		ret_val = EOB_ACT_CONTINUE_SCAN;
+
+	if ((yyg->yy_n_chars + number_to_move) > YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_buf_size) {
+		/* Extend the array by 50%, plus the number we really need. */
+		int new_size = yyg->yy_n_chars + number_to_move + (yyg->yy_n_chars >> 1);
+		YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_ch_buf = (char *) yyrealloc(
+			(void *) YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_ch_buf, (yy_size_t) new_size , yyscanner );
+		if ( ! YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_ch_buf )
+			YY_FATAL_ERROR( "out of dynamic memory in yy_get_next_buffer()" );
+		/* "- 2" to take care of EOB's */
+		YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_buf_size = (int) (new_size - 2);
+	}
+
+	yyg->yy_n_chars += number_to_move;
+	YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_ch_buf[yyg->yy_n_chars] = YY_END_OF_BUFFER_CHAR;
+	YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_ch_buf[yyg->yy_n_chars + 1] = YY_END_OF_BUFFER_CHAR;
+
+	yyg->yytext_ptr = &YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_ch_buf[0];
+
+	return ret_val;
+}
+
+/* yy_get_previous_state - get the state just before the EOB char was reached */
+
+    static yy_state_type yy_get_previous_state (yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+	yy_state_type yy_current_state;
+	char *yy_cp;
+    struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
+
+	yy_current_state = yyg->yy_start;
+
+	for ( yy_cp = yyg->yytext_ptr + YY_MORE_ADJ; yy_cp < yyg->yy_c_buf_p; ++yy_cp )
+		{
+		yy_current_state = yy_nxt[yy_current_state][(*yy_cp ? yy_ec[YY_SC_TO_UI(*yy_cp)] : 1)];
+		}
+
+	return yy_current_state;
+}
+
+/* yy_try_NUL_trans - try to make a transition on the NUL character
+ *
+ * synopsis
+ *	next_state = yy_try_NUL_trans( current_state );
+ */
+    static yy_state_type yy_try_NUL_trans  (yy_state_type yy_current_state , yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+	int yy_is_jam;
+    struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner; /* This var may be unused depending upon options. */
+
+	yy_current_state = yy_nxt[yy_current_state][1];
+	yy_is_jam = (yy_current_state <= 0);
+
+	(void)yyg;
+	return yy_is_jam ? 0 : yy_current_state;
+}
+
+#ifndef YY_NO_UNPUT
+
+#endif
+
+#ifndef YY_NO_INPUT
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+    static int yyinput (yyscan_t yyscanner)
+#else
+    static int input  (yyscan_t yyscanner)
+#endif
+
+{
+	int c;
+    struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
+
+	*yyg->yy_c_buf_p = yyg->yy_hold_char;
+
+	if ( *yyg->yy_c_buf_p == YY_END_OF_BUFFER_CHAR )
+		{
+		/* yy_c_buf_p now points to the character we want to return.
+		 * If this occurs *before* the EOB characters, then it's a
+		 * valid NUL; if not, then we've hit the end of the buffer.
+		 */
+		if ( yyg->yy_c_buf_p < &YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_ch_buf[yyg->yy_n_chars] )
+			/* This was really a NUL. */
+			*yyg->yy_c_buf_p = '\0';
+
+		else
+			{ /* need more input */
+			int offset = (int) (yyg->yy_c_buf_p - yyg->yytext_ptr);
+			++yyg->yy_c_buf_p;
+
+			switch ( yy_get_next_buffer( yyscanner ) )
+				{
+				case EOB_ACT_LAST_MATCH:
+					/* This happens because yy_g_n_b()
+					 * sees that we've accumulated a
+					 * token and flags that we need to
+					 * try matching the token before
+					 * proceeding.  But for input(),
+					 * there's no matching to consider.
+					 * So convert the EOB_ACT_LAST_MATCH
+					 * to EOB_ACT_END_OF_FILE.
+					 */
+
+					/* Reset buffer status. */
+					yyrestart( yyin , yyscanner);
+
+					/*FALLTHROUGH*/
+
+				case EOB_ACT_END_OF_FILE:
+					{
+					if ( yywrap( yyscanner ) )
+						return 0;
+
+					if ( ! yyg->yy_did_buffer_switch_on_eof )
+						YY_NEW_FILE;
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+					return yyinput(yyscanner);
+#else
+					return input(yyscanner);
+#endif
+					}
+
+				case EOB_ACT_CONTINUE_SCAN:
+					yyg->yy_c_buf_p = yyg->yytext_ptr + offset;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+	c = *(unsigned char *) yyg->yy_c_buf_p;	/* cast for 8-bit char's */
+	*yyg->yy_c_buf_p = '\0';	/* preserve yytext */
+	yyg->yy_hold_char = *++yyg->yy_c_buf_p;
+
+	return c;
+}
+#endif	/* ifndef YY_NO_INPUT */
+
+/** Immediately switch to a different input stream.
+ * @param input_file A readable stream.
+ * @param yyscanner The scanner object.
+ * @note This function does not reset the start condition to @c INITIAL .
+ */
+    void yyrestart  (FILE * input_file , yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+    struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
+
+	if ( ! YY_CURRENT_BUFFER ){
+        yyensure_buffer_stack (yyscanner);
+		YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE =
+            yy_create_buffer( yyin, YY_BUF_SIZE , yyscanner);
+	}
+
+	yy_init_buffer( YY_CURRENT_BUFFER, input_file , yyscanner);
+	yy_load_buffer_state( yyscanner );
+}
+
+/** Switch to a different input buffer.
+ * @param new_buffer The new input buffer.
+ * @param yyscanner The scanner object.
+ */
+    void yy_switch_to_buffer  (YY_BUFFER_STATE  new_buffer , yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+    struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
+
+	/* TODO. We should be able to replace this entire function body
+	 * with
+	 *		yypop_buffer_state();
+	 *		yypush_buffer_state(new_buffer);
+     */
+	yyensure_buffer_stack (yyscanner);
+	if ( YY_CURRENT_BUFFER == new_buffer )
+		return;
+
+	if ( YY_CURRENT_BUFFER )
+		{
+		/* Flush out information for old buffer. */
+		*yyg->yy_c_buf_p = yyg->yy_hold_char;
+		YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_buf_pos = yyg->yy_c_buf_p;
+		YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_n_chars = yyg->yy_n_chars;
+		}
+
+	YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE = new_buffer;
+	yy_load_buffer_state( yyscanner );
+
+	/* We don't actually know whether we did this switch during
+	 * EOF (yywrap()) processing, but the only time this flag
+	 * is looked at is after yywrap() is called, so it's safe
+	 * to go ahead and always set it.
+	 */
+	yyg->yy_did_buffer_switch_on_eof = 1;
+}
+
+static void yy_load_buffer_state  (yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+    struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
+	yyg->yy_n_chars = YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_n_chars;
+	yyg->yytext_ptr = yyg->yy_c_buf_p = YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_buf_pos;
+	yyin = YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_input_file;
+	yyg->yy_hold_char = *yyg->yy_c_buf_p;
+}
+
+/** Allocate and initialize an input buffer state.
+ * @param file A readable stream.
+ * @param size The character buffer size in bytes. When in doubt, use @c YY_BUF_SIZE.
+ * @param yyscanner The scanner object.
+ * @return the allocated buffer state.
+ */
+    YY_BUFFER_STATE yy_create_buffer  (FILE * file, int  size , yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+	YY_BUFFER_STATE b;
+    
+	b = (YY_BUFFER_STATE) yyalloc( sizeof( struct yy_buffer_state ) , yyscanner );
+	if ( ! b )
+		YY_FATAL_ERROR( "out of dynamic memory in yy_create_buffer()" );
+
+	b->yy_buf_size = size;
+
+	/* yy_ch_buf has to be 2 characters longer than the size given because
+	 * we need to put in 2 end-of-buffer characters.
+	 */
+	b->yy_ch_buf = (char *) yyalloc( (yy_size_t) (b->yy_buf_size + 2) , yyscanner );
+	if ( ! b->yy_ch_buf )
+		YY_FATAL_ERROR( "out of dynamic memory in yy_create_buffer()" );
+
+	b->yy_is_our_buffer = 1;
+
+	yy_init_buffer( b, file , yyscanner);
+
+	return b;
+}
+
+/** Destroy the buffer.
+ * @param b a buffer created with yy_create_buffer()
+ * @param yyscanner The scanner object.
+ */
+    void yy_delete_buffer (YY_BUFFER_STATE  b , yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+    struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
+
+	if ( ! b )
+		return;
+
+	if ( b == YY_CURRENT_BUFFER ) /* Not sure if we should pop here. */
+		YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE = (YY_BUFFER_STATE) 0;
+
+	if ( b->yy_is_our_buffer )
+		yyfree( (void *) b->yy_ch_buf , yyscanner );
+
+	yyfree( (void *) b , yyscanner );
+}
+
+/* Initializes or reinitializes a buffer.
+ * This function is sometimes called more than once on the same buffer,
+ * such as during a yyrestart() or at EOF.
+ */
+    static void yy_init_buffer  (YY_BUFFER_STATE  b, FILE * file , yyscan_t yyscanner)
+
+{
+	int oerrno = errno;
+    struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
+
+	yy_flush_buffer( b , yyscanner);
+
+	b->yy_input_file = file;
+	b->yy_fill_buffer = 1;
+
+    /* If b is the current buffer, then yy_init_buffer was _probably_
+     * called from yyrestart() or through yy_get_next_buffer.
+     * In that case, we don't want to reset the lineno or column.
+     */
+    if (b != YY_CURRENT_BUFFER){
+        b->yy_bs_lineno = 1;
+        b->yy_bs_column = 0;
+    }
+
+        b->yy_is_interactive = 0;
+    
+	errno = oerrno;
+}
+
+/** Discard all buffered characters. On the next scan, YY_INPUT will be called.
+ * @param b the buffer state to be flushed, usually @c YY_CURRENT_BUFFER.
+ * @param yyscanner The scanner object.
+ */
+    void yy_flush_buffer (YY_BUFFER_STATE  b , yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+    struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
+	if ( ! b )
+		return;
+
+	b->yy_n_chars = 0;
+
+	/* We always need two end-of-buffer characters.  The first causes
+	 * a transition to the end-of-buffer state.  The second causes
+	 * a jam in that state.
+	 */
+	b->yy_ch_buf[0] = YY_END_OF_BUFFER_CHAR;
+	b->yy_ch_buf[1] = YY_END_OF_BUFFER_CHAR;
+
+	b->yy_buf_pos = &b->yy_ch_buf[0];
+
+	b->yy_at_bol = 1;
+	b->yy_buffer_status = YY_BUFFER_NEW;
+
+	if ( b == YY_CURRENT_BUFFER )
+		yy_load_buffer_state( yyscanner );
+}
+
+/** Pushes the new state onto the stack. The new state becomes
+ *  the current state. This function will allocate the stack
+ *  if necessary.
+ *  @param new_buffer The new state.
+ *  @param yyscanner The scanner object.
+ */
+void yypush_buffer_state (YY_BUFFER_STATE new_buffer , yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+    struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
+	if (new_buffer == NULL)
+		return;
+
+	yyensure_buffer_stack(yyscanner);
+
+	/* This block is copied from yy_switch_to_buffer. */
+	if ( YY_CURRENT_BUFFER )
+		{
+		/* Flush out information for old buffer. */
+		*yyg->yy_c_buf_p = yyg->yy_hold_char;
+		YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_buf_pos = yyg->yy_c_buf_p;
+		YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_n_chars = yyg->yy_n_chars;
+		}
+
+	/* Only push if top exists. Otherwise, replace top. */
+	if (YY_CURRENT_BUFFER)
+		yyg->yy_buffer_stack_top++;
+	YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE = new_buffer;
+
+	/* copied from yy_switch_to_buffer. */
+	yy_load_buffer_state( yyscanner );
+	yyg->yy_did_buffer_switch_on_eof = 1;
+}
+
+/** Removes and deletes the top of the stack, if present.
+ *  The next element becomes the new top.
+ *  @param yyscanner The scanner object.
+ */
+void yypop_buffer_state (yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+    struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
+	if (!YY_CURRENT_BUFFER)
+		return;
+
+	yy_delete_buffer(YY_CURRENT_BUFFER , yyscanner);
+	YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE = NULL;
+	if (yyg->yy_buffer_stack_top > 0)
+		--yyg->yy_buffer_stack_top;
+
+	if (YY_CURRENT_BUFFER) {
+		yy_load_buffer_state( yyscanner );
+		yyg->yy_did_buffer_switch_on_eof = 1;
+	}
+}
+
+/* Allocates the stack if it does not exist.
+ *  Guarantees space for at least one push.
+ */
+static void yyensure_buffer_stack (yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+	yy_size_t num_to_alloc;
+    struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
+
+	if (!yyg->yy_buffer_stack) {
+
+		/* First allocation is just for 2 elements, since we don't know if this
+		 * scanner will even need a stack. We use 2 instead of 1 to avoid an
+		 * immediate realloc on the next call.
+         */
+      num_to_alloc = 1; /* After all that talk, this was set to 1 anyways... */
+		yyg->yy_buffer_stack = (struct yy_buffer_state**)yyalloc
+								(num_to_alloc * sizeof(struct yy_buffer_state*)
+								, yyscanner);
+		if ( ! yyg->yy_buffer_stack )
+			YY_FATAL_ERROR( "out of dynamic memory in yyensure_buffer_stack()" );
+
+		memset(yyg->yy_buffer_stack, 0, num_to_alloc * sizeof(struct yy_buffer_state*));
+
+		yyg->yy_buffer_stack_max = num_to_alloc;
+		yyg->yy_buffer_stack_top = 0;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (yyg->yy_buffer_stack_top >= (yyg->yy_buffer_stack_max) - 1){
+
+		/* Increase the buffer to prepare for a possible push. */
+		yy_size_t grow_size = 8 /* arbitrary grow size */;
+
+		num_to_alloc = yyg->yy_buffer_stack_max + grow_size;
+		yyg->yy_buffer_stack = (struct yy_buffer_state**)yyrealloc
+								(yyg->yy_buffer_stack,
+								num_to_alloc * sizeof(struct yy_buffer_state*)
+								, yyscanner);
+		if ( ! yyg->yy_buffer_stack )
+			YY_FATAL_ERROR( "out of dynamic memory in yyensure_buffer_stack()" );
+
+		/* zero only the new slots.*/
+		memset(yyg->yy_buffer_stack + yyg->yy_buffer_stack_max, 0, grow_size * sizeof(struct yy_buffer_state*));
+		yyg->yy_buffer_stack_max = num_to_alloc;
+	}
+}
+
+/** Setup the input buffer state to scan directly from a user-specified character buffer.
+ * @param base the character buffer
+ * @param size the size in bytes of the character buffer
+ * @param yyscanner The scanner object.
+ * @return the newly allocated buffer state object.
+ */
+YY_BUFFER_STATE yy_scan_buffer  (char * base, yy_size_t  size , yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+	YY_BUFFER_STATE b;
+    
+	if ( size < 2 ||
+	     base[size-2] != YY_END_OF_BUFFER_CHAR ||
+	     base[size-1] != YY_END_OF_BUFFER_CHAR )
+		/* They forgot to leave room for the EOB's. */
+		return NULL;
+
+	b = (YY_BUFFER_STATE) yyalloc( sizeof( struct yy_buffer_state ) , yyscanner );
+	if ( ! b )
+		YY_FATAL_ERROR( "out of dynamic memory in yy_scan_buffer()" );
+
+	b->yy_buf_size = (int) (size - 2);	/* "- 2" to take care of EOB's */
+	b->yy_buf_pos = b->yy_ch_buf = base;
+	b->yy_is_our_buffer = 0;
+	b->yy_input_file = NULL;
+	b->yy_n_chars = b->yy_buf_size;
+	b->yy_is_interactive = 0;
+	b->yy_at_bol = 1;
+	b->yy_fill_buffer = 0;
+	b->yy_buffer_status = YY_BUFFER_NEW;
+
+	yy_switch_to_buffer( b , yyscanner );
+
+	return b;
+}
+
+/** Setup the input buffer state to scan a string. The next call to yylex() will
+ * scan from a @e copy of @a str.
+ * @param yystr a NUL-terminated string to scan
+ * @param yyscanner The scanner object.
+ * @return the newly allocated buffer state object.
+ * @note If you want to scan bytes that may contain NUL values, then use
+ *       yy_scan_bytes() instead.
+ */
+YY_BUFFER_STATE yy_scan_string (const char * yystr , yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+    
+	return yy_scan_bytes( yystr, (int) strlen(yystr) , yyscanner);
+}
+
+/** Setup the input buffer state to scan the given bytes. The next call to yylex() will
+ * scan from a @e copy of @a bytes.
+ * @param yybytes the byte buffer to scan
+ * @param _yybytes_len the number of bytes in the buffer pointed to by @a bytes.
+ * @param yyscanner The scanner object.
+ * @return the newly allocated buffer state object.
+ */
+YY_BUFFER_STATE yy_scan_bytes  (const char * yybytes, int  _yybytes_len , yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+	YY_BUFFER_STATE b;
+	char *buf;
+	yy_size_t n;
+	int i;
+    
+	/* Get memory for full buffer, including space for trailing EOB's. */
+	n = (yy_size_t) (_yybytes_len + 2);
+	buf = (char *) yyalloc( n , yyscanner );
+	if ( ! buf )
+		YY_FATAL_ERROR( "out of dynamic memory in yy_scan_bytes()" );
+
+	for ( i = 0; i < _yybytes_len; ++i )
+		buf[i] = yybytes[i];
+
+	buf[_yybytes_len] = buf[_yybytes_len+1] = YY_END_OF_BUFFER_CHAR;
+
+	b = yy_scan_buffer( buf, n , yyscanner);
+	if ( ! b )
+		YY_FATAL_ERROR( "bad buffer in yy_scan_bytes()" );
+
+	/* It's okay to grow etc. this buffer, and we should throw it
+	 * away when we're done.
+	 */
+	b->yy_is_our_buffer = 1;
+
+	return b;
+}
+
+#ifndef YY_EXIT_FAILURE
+#define YY_EXIT_FAILURE 2
+#endif
+
+static void yynoreturn yy_fatal_error (const char* msg , yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+	struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
+	(void)yyg;
+	fprintf( stderr, "%s\n", msg );
+	exit( YY_EXIT_FAILURE );
+}
+
+/* Redefine yyless() so it works in section 3 code. */
+
+#undef yyless
+#define yyless(n) \
+	do \
+		{ \
+		/* Undo effects of setting up yytext. */ \
+        int yyless_macro_arg = (n); \
+        YY_LESS_LINENO(yyless_macro_arg);\
+		yytext[yyleng] = yyg->yy_hold_char; \
+		yyg->yy_c_buf_p = yytext + yyless_macro_arg; \
+		yyg->yy_hold_char = *yyg->yy_c_buf_p; \
+		*yyg->yy_c_buf_p = '\0'; \
+		yyleng = yyless_macro_arg; \
+		} \
+	while ( 0 )
+
+/* Accessor  methods (get/set functions) to struct members. */
+
+/** Get the user-defined data for this scanner.
+ * @param yyscanner The scanner object.
+ */
+YY_EXTRA_TYPE yyget_extra  (yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+    struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
+    return yyextra;
+}
+
+/** Get the current line number.
+ * @param yyscanner The scanner object.
+ */
+int yyget_lineno  (yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+    struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
+
+        if (! YY_CURRENT_BUFFER)
+            return 0;
+    
+    return yylineno;
+}
+
+/** Get the current column number.
+ * @param yyscanner The scanner object.
+ */
+int yyget_column  (yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+    struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
+
+        if (! YY_CURRENT_BUFFER)
+            return 0;
+    
+    return yycolumn;
+}
+
+/** Get the input stream.
+ * @param yyscanner The scanner object.
+ */
+FILE *yyget_in  (yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+    struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
+    return yyin;
+}
+
+/** Get the output stream.
+ * @param yyscanner The scanner object.
+ */
+FILE *yyget_out  (yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+    struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
+    return yyout;
+}
+
+/** Get the length of the current token.
+ * @param yyscanner The scanner object.
+ */
+int yyget_leng  (yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+    struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
+    return yyleng;
+}
+
+/** Get the current token.
+ * @param yyscanner The scanner object.
+ */
+
+char *yyget_text  (yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+    struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
+    return yytext;
+}
+
+/** Set the user-defined data. This data is never touched by the scanner.
+ * @param user_defined The data to be associated with this scanner.
+ * @param yyscanner The scanner object.
+ */
+void yyset_extra (YY_EXTRA_TYPE  user_defined , yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+    struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
+    yyextra = user_defined ;
+}
+
+/** Set the current line number.
+ * @param _line_number line number
+ * @param yyscanner The scanner object.
+ */
+void yyset_lineno (int  _line_number , yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+    struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
+
+        /* lineno is only valid if an input buffer exists. */
+        if (! YY_CURRENT_BUFFER )
+           YY_FATAL_ERROR( "yyset_lineno called with no buffer" );
+    
+    yylineno = _line_number;
+}
+
+/** Set the current column.
+ * @param _column_no column number
+ * @param yyscanner The scanner object.
+ */
+void yyset_column (int  _column_no , yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+    struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
+
+        /* column is only valid if an input buffer exists. */
+        if (! YY_CURRENT_BUFFER )
+           YY_FATAL_ERROR( "yyset_column called with no buffer" );
+    
+    yycolumn = _column_no;
+}
+
+/** Set the input stream. This does not discard the current
+ * input buffer.
+ * @param _in_str A readable stream.
+ * @param yyscanner The scanner object.
+ * @see yy_switch_to_buffer
+ */
+void yyset_in (FILE *  _in_str , yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+    struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
+    yyin = _in_str ;
+}
+
+void yyset_out (FILE *  _out_str , yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+    struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
+    yyout = _out_str ;
+}
+
+int yyget_debug  (yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+    struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
+    return yy_flex_debug;
+}
+
+void yyset_debug (int  _bdebug , yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+    struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
+    yy_flex_debug = _bdebug ;
+}
+
+/* Accessor methods for yylval and yylloc */
+
+YYSTYPE * yyget_lval  (yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+    struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
+    return yylval;
+}
+
+void yyset_lval (YYSTYPE *  yylval_param , yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+    struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
+    yylval = yylval_param;
+}
+
+/* User-visible API */
+
+/* yylex_init is special because it creates the scanner itself, so it is
+ * the ONLY reentrant function that doesn't take the scanner as the last argument.
+ * That's why we explicitly handle the declaration, instead of using our macros.
+ */
+int yylex_init(yyscan_t* ptr_yy_globals)
+{
+    if (ptr_yy_globals == NULL){
+        errno = EINVAL;
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    *ptr_yy_globals = (yyscan_t) yyalloc ( sizeof( struct yyguts_t ), NULL );
+
+    if (*ptr_yy_globals == NULL){
+        errno = ENOMEM;
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    /* By setting to 0xAA, we expose bugs in yy_init_globals. Leave at 0x00 for releases. */
+    memset(*ptr_yy_globals,0x00,sizeof(struct yyguts_t));
+
+    return yy_init_globals ( *ptr_yy_globals );
+}
+
+/* yylex_init_extra has the same functionality as yylex_init, but follows the
+ * convention of taking the scanner as the last argument. Note however, that
+ * this is a *pointer* to a scanner, as it will be allocated by this call (and
+ * is the reason, too, why this function also must handle its own declaration).
+ * The user defined value in the first argument will be available to yyalloc in
+ * the yyextra field.
+ */
+int yylex_init_extra( YY_EXTRA_TYPE yy_user_defined, yyscan_t* ptr_yy_globals )
+{
+    struct yyguts_t dummy_yyguts;
+
+    yyset_extra (yy_user_defined, &dummy_yyguts);
+
+    if (ptr_yy_globals == NULL){
+        errno = EINVAL;
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    *ptr_yy_globals = (yyscan_t) yyalloc ( sizeof( struct yyguts_t ), &dummy_yyguts );
+
+    if (*ptr_yy_globals == NULL){
+        errno = ENOMEM;
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    /* By setting to 0xAA, we expose bugs in
+    yy_init_globals. Leave at 0x00 for releases. */
+    memset(*ptr_yy_globals,0x00,sizeof(struct yyguts_t));
+
+    yyset_extra (yy_user_defined, *ptr_yy_globals);
+
+    return yy_init_globals ( *ptr_yy_globals );
+}
+
+static int yy_init_globals (yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+    struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
+    /* Initialization is the same as for the non-reentrant scanner.
+     * This function is called from yylex_destroy(), so don't allocate here.
+     */
+
+    yyg->yy_buffer_stack = NULL;
+    yyg->yy_buffer_stack_top = 0;
+    yyg->yy_buffer_stack_max = 0;
+    yyg->yy_c_buf_p = NULL;
+    yyg->yy_init = 0;
+    yyg->yy_start = 0;
+
+    yyg->yy_start_stack_ptr = 0;
+    yyg->yy_start_stack_depth = 0;
+    yyg->yy_start_stack =  NULL;
+
+/* Defined in main.c */
+#ifdef YY_STDINIT
+    yyin = stdin;
+    yyout = stdout;
+#else
+    yyin = NULL;
+    yyout = NULL;
+#endif
+
+    /* For future reference: Set errno on error, since we are called by
+     * yylex_init()
+     */
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* yylex_destroy is for both reentrant and non-reentrant scanners. */
+int yylex_destroy  (yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+    struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
+
+    /* Pop the buffer stack, destroying each element. */
+	while(YY_CURRENT_BUFFER){
+		yy_delete_buffer( YY_CURRENT_BUFFER , yyscanner );
+		YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE = NULL;
+		yypop_buffer_state(yyscanner);
+	}
+
+	/* Destroy the stack itself. */
+	yyfree(yyg->yy_buffer_stack , yyscanner);
+	yyg->yy_buffer_stack = NULL;
+
+    /* Destroy the start condition stack. */
+        yyfree( yyg->yy_start_stack , yyscanner );
+        yyg->yy_start_stack = NULL;
+
+    /* Reset the globals. This is important in a non-reentrant scanner so the next time
+     * yylex() is called, initialization will occur. */
+    yy_init_globals( yyscanner);
+
+    /* Destroy the main struct (reentrant only). */
+    yyfree ( yyscanner , yyscanner );
+    yyscanner = NULL;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Internal utility routines.
+ */
+
+#ifndef yytext_ptr
+static void yy_flex_strncpy (char* s1, const char * s2, int n , yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+	struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
+	(void)yyg;
+
+	int i;
+	for ( i = 0; i < n; ++i )
+		s1[i] = s2[i];
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef YY_NEED_STRLEN
+static int yy_flex_strlen (const char * s , yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+	int n;
+	for ( n = 0; s[n]; ++n )
+		;
+
+	return n;
+}
+#endif
+
+void *yyalloc (yy_size_t  size , yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+	struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
+	(void)yyg;
+	return malloc(size);
+}
+
+void *yyrealloc  (void * ptr, yy_size_t  size , yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+	struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
+	(void)yyg;
+
+	/* The cast to (char *) in the following accommodates both
+	 * implementations that use char* generic pointers, and those
+	 * that use void* generic pointers.  It works with the latter
+	 * because both ANSI C and C++ allow castless assignment from
+	 * any pointer type to void*, and deal with argument conversions
+	 * as though doing an assignment.
+	 */
+	return realloc(ptr, size);
+}
+
+void yyfree (void * ptr , yyscan_t yyscanner)
+{
+	struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
+	(void)yyg;
+	free( (char *) ptr );	/* see yyrealloc() for (char *) cast */
+}
+
+#define YYTABLES_NAME "yytables"
+
+#line 951 "psqlscan.l"
+
+
+/* LCOV_EXCL_STOP */
+
+/*
+ * Create a lexer working state struct.
+ *
+ * callbacks is a struct of function pointers that encapsulate some
+ * behavior we need from the surrounding program.  This struct must
+ * remain valid for the lifespan of the PsqlScanState.
+ */
+PsqlScanState
+psql_scan_create(const PsqlScanCallbacks *callbacks)
+{
+	PsqlScanState state;
+
+	state = (PsqlScanStateData *) pg_malloc0(sizeof(PsqlScanStateData));
+
+	state->callbacks = callbacks;
+
+	yylex_init(&state->scanner);
+
+	yyset_extra(state, state->scanner);
+
+	psql_scan_reset(state);
+
+	return state;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Destroy a lexer working state struct, releasing all resources.
+ */
+void
+psql_scan_destroy(PsqlScanState state)
+{
+	psql_scan_finish(state);
+
+	psql_scan_reset(state);
+
+	yylex_destroy(state->scanner);
+
+	free(state);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set the callback passthrough pointer for the lexer.
+ *
+ * This could have been integrated into psql_scan_create, but keeping it
+ * separate allows the application to change the pointer later, which might
+ * be useful.
+ */
+void
+psql_scan_set_passthrough(PsqlScanState state, void *passthrough)
+{
+	state->cb_passthrough = passthrough;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set up to perform lexing of the given input line.
+ *
+ * The text at *line, extending for line_len bytes, will be scanned by
+ * subsequent calls to the psql_scan routines.  psql_scan_finish should
+ * be called when scanning is complete.  Note that the lexer retains
+ * a pointer to the storage at *line --- this string must not be altered
+ * or freed until after psql_scan_finish is called.
+ *
+ * encoding is the libpq identifier for the character encoding in use,
+ * and std_strings says whether standard_conforming_strings is on.
+ */
+void
+psql_scan_setup(PsqlScanState state,
+				const char *line, int line_len,
+				int encoding, bool std_strings)
+{
+	/* Mustn't be scanning already */
+	Assert(state->scanbufhandle == NULL);
+	Assert(state->buffer_stack == NULL);
+
+	/* Do we need to hack the character set encoding? */
+	state->encoding = encoding;
+	state->safe_encoding = pg_valid_server_encoding_id(encoding);
+
+	/* Save standard-strings flag as well */
+	state->std_strings = std_strings;
+
+	/* Set up flex input buffer with appropriate translation and padding */
+	state->scanbufhandle = psqlscan_prepare_buffer(state, line, line_len,
+												   &state->scanbuf);
+	state->scanline = line;
+
+	/* Set lookaside data in case we have to map unsafe encoding */
+	state->curline = state->scanbuf;
+	state->refline = state->scanline;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Do lexical analysis of SQL command text.
+ *
+ * The text previously passed to psql_scan_setup is scanned, and appended
+ * (possibly with transformation) to query_buf.
+ *
+ * The return value indicates the condition that stopped scanning:
+ *
+ * PSCAN_SEMICOLON: found a command-ending semicolon.  (The semicolon is
+ * transferred to query_buf.)  The command accumulated in query_buf should
+ * be executed, then clear query_buf and call again to scan the remainder
+ * of the line.
+ *
+ * PSCAN_BACKSLASH: found a backslash that starts a special command.
+ * Any previous data on the line has been transferred to query_buf.
+ * The caller will typically next apply a separate flex lexer to scan
+ * the special command.
+ *
+ * PSCAN_INCOMPLETE: the end of the line was reached, but we have an
+ * incomplete SQL command.  *prompt is set to the appropriate prompt type.
+ *
+ * PSCAN_EOL: the end of the line was reached, and there is no lexical
+ * reason to consider the command incomplete.  The caller may or may not
+ * choose to send it.  *prompt is set to the appropriate prompt type if
+ * the caller chooses to collect more input.
+ *
+ * In the PSCAN_INCOMPLETE and PSCAN_EOL cases, psql_scan_finish() should
+ * be called next, then the cycle may be repeated with a fresh input line.
+ *
+ * In all cases, *prompt is set to an appropriate prompt type code for the
+ * next line-input operation.
+ */
+PsqlScanResult
+psql_scan(PsqlScanState state,
+		  PQExpBuffer query_buf,
+		  promptStatus_t *prompt)
+{
+	PsqlScanResult result;
+	int			lexresult;
+
+	/* Must be scanning already */
+	Assert(state->scanbufhandle != NULL);
+
+	/* Set current output target */
+	state->output_buf = query_buf;
+
+	/* Set input source */
+	if (state->buffer_stack != NULL)
+		yy_switch_to_buffer(state->buffer_stack->buf, state->scanner);
+	else
+		yy_switch_to_buffer(state->scanbufhandle, state->scanner);
+
+	/* And lex. */
+	lexresult = yylex(NULL, state->scanner);
+
+	/*
+	 * Check termination state and return appropriate result info.
+	 */
+	switch (lexresult)
+	{
+		case LEXRES_EOL:		/* end of input */
+			switch (state->start_state)
+			{
+				case INITIAL:
+				case xqs:		/* we treat this like INITIAL */
+					if (state->paren_depth > 0)
+					{
+						result = PSCAN_INCOMPLETE;
+						*prompt = PROMPT_PAREN;
+					}
+					else if (state->begin_depth > 0)
+					{
+						result = PSCAN_INCOMPLETE;
+						*prompt = PROMPT_CONTINUE;
+					}
+					else if (query_buf->len > 0)
+					{
+						result = PSCAN_EOL;
+						*prompt = PROMPT_CONTINUE;
+					}
+					else
+					{
+						/* never bother to send an empty buffer */
+						result = PSCAN_INCOMPLETE;
+						*prompt = PROMPT_READY;
+					}
+					break;
+				case xb:
+					result = PSCAN_INCOMPLETE;
+					*prompt = PROMPT_SINGLEQUOTE;
+					break;
+				case xc:
+					result = PSCAN_INCOMPLETE;
+					*prompt = PROMPT_COMMENT;
+					break;
+				case xd:
+					result = PSCAN_INCOMPLETE;
+					*prompt = PROMPT_DOUBLEQUOTE;
+					break;
+				case xh:
+					result = PSCAN_INCOMPLETE;
+					*prompt = PROMPT_SINGLEQUOTE;
+					break;
+				case xe:
+					result = PSCAN_INCOMPLETE;
+					*prompt = PROMPT_SINGLEQUOTE;
+					break;
+				case xq:
+					result = PSCAN_INCOMPLETE;
+					*prompt = PROMPT_SINGLEQUOTE;
+					break;
+				case xdolq:
+					result = PSCAN_INCOMPLETE;
+					*prompt = PROMPT_DOLLARQUOTE;
+					break;
+				case xui:
+					result = PSCAN_INCOMPLETE;
+					*prompt = PROMPT_DOUBLEQUOTE;
+					break;
+				case xus:
+					result = PSCAN_INCOMPLETE;
+					*prompt = PROMPT_SINGLEQUOTE;
+					break;
+				default:
+					/* can't get here */
+					fprintf(stderr, "invalid YY_START\n");
+					exit(1);
+			}
+			break;
+		case LEXRES_SEMI:		/* semicolon */
+			result = PSCAN_SEMICOLON;
+			*prompt = PROMPT_READY;
+			break;
+		case LEXRES_BACKSLASH:	/* backslash */
+			result = PSCAN_BACKSLASH;
+			*prompt = PROMPT_READY;
+			break;
+		default:
+			/* can't get here */
+			fprintf(stderr, "invalid yylex result\n");
+			exit(1);
+	}
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Clean up after scanning a string.  This flushes any unread input and
+ * releases resources (but not the PsqlScanState itself).  Note however
+ * that this does not reset the lexer scan state; that can be done by
+ * psql_scan_reset(), which is an orthogonal operation.
+ *
+ * It is legal to call this when not scanning anything (makes it easier
+ * to deal with error recovery).
+ */
+void
+psql_scan_finish(PsqlScanState state)
+{
+	/* Drop any incomplete variable expansions. */
+	while (state->buffer_stack != NULL)
+		psqlscan_pop_buffer_stack(state);
+
+	/* Done with the outer scan buffer, too */
+	if (state->scanbufhandle)
+		yy_delete_buffer(state->scanbufhandle, state->scanner);
+	state->scanbufhandle = NULL;
+	if (state->scanbuf)
+		free(state->scanbuf);
+	state->scanbuf = NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Reset lexer scanning state to start conditions.  This is appropriate
+ * for executing \r psql commands (or any other time that we discard the
+ * prior contents of query_buf).  It is not, however, necessary to do this
+ * when we execute and clear the buffer after getting a PSCAN_SEMICOLON or
+ * PSCAN_EOL scan result, because the scan state must be INITIAL when those
+ * conditions are returned.
+ *
+ * Note that this is unrelated to flushing unread input; that task is
+ * done by psql_scan_finish().
+ */
+void
+psql_scan_reset(PsqlScanState state)
+{
+	state->start_state = INITIAL;
+	state->paren_depth = 0;
+	state->xcdepth = 0;			/* not really necessary */
+	if (state->dolqstart)
+		free(state->dolqstart);
+	state->dolqstart = NULL;
+	state->identifier_count = 0;
+	state->begin_depth = 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Reselect this lexer (psqlscan.l) after using another one.
+ *
+ * Currently and for foreseeable uses, it's sufficient to reset to INITIAL
+ * state, because we'd never switch to another lexer in a different state.
+ * However, we don't want to reset e.g. paren_depth, so this can't be
+ * the same as psql_scan_reset().
+ *
+ * Note: psql setjmp error recovery just calls psql_scan_reset(), so that
+ * must be a superset of this.
+ *
+ * Note: it seems likely that other lexers could just assign INITIAL for
+ * themselves, since that probably has the value zero in every flex-generated
+ * lexer.  But let's not assume that.
+ */
+void
+psql_scan_reselect_sql_lexer(PsqlScanState state)
+{
+	state->start_state = INITIAL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return true if lexer is currently in an "inside quotes" state.
+ *
+ * This is pretty grotty but is needed to preserve the old behavior
+ * that mainloop.c drops blank lines not inside quotes without even
+ * echoing them.
+ */
+bool
+psql_scan_in_quote(PsqlScanState state)
+{
+	return state->start_state != INITIAL &&
+			state->start_state != xqs;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Push the given string onto the stack of stuff to scan.
+ *
+ * NOTE SIDE EFFECT: the new buffer is made the active flex input buffer.
+ */
+void
+psqlscan_push_new_buffer(PsqlScanState state, const char *newstr,
+						 const char *varname)
+{
+	StackElem  *stackelem;
+
+	stackelem = (StackElem *) pg_malloc(sizeof(StackElem));
+
+	/*
+	 * In current usage, the passed varname points at the current flex input
+	 * buffer; we must copy it before calling psqlscan_prepare_buffer()
+	 * because that will change the buffer state.
+	 */
+	stackelem->varname = varname ? pg_strdup(varname) : NULL;
+
+	stackelem->buf = psqlscan_prepare_buffer(state, newstr, strlen(newstr),
+											 &stackelem->bufstring);
+	state->curline = stackelem->bufstring;
+	if (state->safe_encoding)
+	{
+		stackelem->origstring = NULL;
+		state->refline = stackelem->bufstring;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		stackelem->origstring = pg_strdup(newstr);
+		state->refline = stackelem->origstring;
+	}
+	stackelem->next = state->buffer_stack;
+	state->buffer_stack = stackelem;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Pop the topmost buffer stack item (there must be one!)
+ *
+ * NB: after this, the flex input state is unspecified; caller must
+ * switch to an appropriate buffer to continue lexing.
+ * See psqlscan_select_top_buffer().
+ */
+void
+psqlscan_pop_buffer_stack(PsqlScanState state)
+{
+	StackElem  *stackelem = state->buffer_stack;
+
+	state->buffer_stack = stackelem->next;
+	yy_delete_buffer(stackelem->buf, state->scanner);
+	free(stackelem->bufstring);
+	if (stackelem->origstring)
+		free(stackelem->origstring);
+	if (stackelem->varname)
+		free(stackelem->varname);
+	free(stackelem);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Select the topmost surviving buffer as the active input.
+ */
+void
+psqlscan_select_top_buffer(PsqlScanState state)
+{
+	StackElem  *stackelem = state->buffer_stack;
+
+	if (stackelem != NULL)
+	{
+		yy_switch_to_buffer(stackelem->buf, state->scanner);
+		state->curline = stackelem->bufstring;
+		state->refline = stackelem->origstring ? stackelem->origstring : stackelem->bufstring;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		yy_switch_to_buffer(state->scanbufhandle, state->scanner);
+		state->curline = state->scanbuf;
+		state->refline = state->scanline;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check if specified variable name is the source for any string
+ * currently being scanned
+ */
+bool
+psqlscan_var_is_current_source(PsqlScanState state, const char *varname)
+{
+	StackElem  *stackelem;
+
+	for (stackelem = state->buffer_stack;
+		 stackelem != NULL;
+		 stackelem = stackelem->next)
+	{
+		if (stackelem->varname && strcmp(stackelem->varname, varname) == 0)
+			return true;
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set up a flex input buffer to scan the given data.  We always make a
+ * copy of the data.  If working in an unsafe encoding, the copy has
+ * multibyte sequences replaced by FFs to avoid fooling the lexer rules.
+ *
+ * NOTE SIDE EFFECT: the new buffer is made the active flex input buffer.
+ */
+YY_BUFFER_STATE
+psqlscan_prepare_buffer(PsqlScanState state, const char *txt, int len,
+						char **txtcopy)
+{
+	char	   *newtxt;
+
+	/* Flex wants two \0 characters after the actual data */
+	newtxt = pg_malloc(len + 2);
+	*txtcopy = newtxt;
+	newtxt[len] = newtxt[len + 1] = YY_END_OF_BUFFER_CHAR;
+
+	if (state->safe_encoding)
+		memcpy(newtxt, txt, len);
+	else
+	{
+		/* Gotta do it the hard way */
+		int			i = 0;
+
+		while (i < len)
+		{
+			int			thislen = PQmblen(txt + i, state->encoding);
+
+			/* first byte should always be okay... */
+			newtxt[i] = txt[i];
+			i++;
+			while (--thislen > 0 && i < len)
+				newtxt[i++] = (char) 0xFF;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return yy_scan_buffer(newtxt, len + 2, state->scanner);
+}
+
+/*
+ * psqlscan_emit() --- body for ECHO macro
+ *
+ * NB: this must be used for ALL and ONLY the text copied from the flex
+ * input data.  If you pass it something that is not part of the yytext
+ * string, you are making a mistake.  Internally generated text can be
+ * appended directly to state->output_buf.
+ */
+void
+psqlscan_emit(PsqlScanState state, const char *txt, int len)
+{
+	PQExpBuffer output_buf = state->output_buf;
+
+	if (state->safe_encoding)
+		appendBinaryPQExpBuffer(output_buf, txt, len);
+	else
+	{
+		/* Gotta do it the hard way */
+		const char *reference = state->refline;
+		int			i;
+
+		reference += (txt - state->curline);
+
+		for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+		{
+			char		ch = txt[i];
+
+			if (ch == (char) 0xFF)
+				ch = reference[i];
+			appendPQExpBufferChar(output_buf, ch);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * psqlscan_extract_substring --- fetch value of (part of) the current token
+ *
+ * This is like psqlscan_emit(), except that the data is returned as a
+ * malloc'd string rather than being pushed directly to state->output_buf.
+ */
+char *
+psqlscan_extract_substring(PsqlScanState state, const char *txt, int len)
+{
+	char	   *result = (char *) pg_malloc(len + 1);
+
+	if (state->safe_encoding)
+		memcpy(result, txt, len);
+	else
+	{
+		/* Gotta do it the hard way */
+		const char *reference = state->refline;
+		int			i;
+
+		reference += (txt - state->curline);
+
+		for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+		{
+			char		ch = txt[i];
+
+			if (ch == (char) 0xFF)
+				ch = reference[i];
+			result[i] = ch;
+		}
+	}
+	result[len] = '\0';
+	return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * psqlscan_escape_variable --- process :'VARIABLE' or :"VARIABLE"
+ *
+ * If the variable name is found, escape its value using the appropriate
+ * quoting method and emit the value to output_buf.  (Since the result is
+ * surely quoted, there is never any reason to rescan it.)	If we don't
+ * find the variable or escaping fails, emit the token as-is.
+ */
+void
+psqlscan_escape_variable(PsqlScanState state, const char *txt, int len,
+						 PsqlScanQuoteType quote)
+{
+	char	   *varname;
+	char	   *value;
+
+	/* Variable lookup. */
+	varname = psqlscan_extract_substring(state, txt + 2, len - 3);
+	if (state->callbacks->get_variable)
+		value = state->callbacks->get_variable(varname, quote,
+											   state->cb_passthrough);
+	else
+		value = NULL;
+	free(varname);
+
+	if (value)
+	{
+		/* Emit the suitably-escaped value */
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(state->output_buf, value);
+		free(value);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		/* Emit original token as-is */
+		psqlscan_emit(state, txt, len);
+	}
+}
+
+void
+psqlscan_test_variable(PsqlScanState state, const char *txt, int len)
+{
+	char	*varname;
+	char	*value;
+
+	varname = psqlscan_extract_substring(state, txt + 3, len - 4);
+	if (state->callbacks->get_variable)
+		value = state->callbacks->get_variable(varname, PQUOTE_PLAIN,
+											   state->cb_passthrough);
+	else
+		value = NULL;
+	free(varname);
+
+	if (value != NULL)
+	{
+		psqlscan_emit(state, "TRUE", 4);
+		free(value);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		psqlscan_emit(state, "FALSE", 5);
+	}
+}
+
diff --git a/src/fe_utils/psqlscan.l b/src/fe_utils/psqlscan.l
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae531ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fe_utils/psqlscan.l
@@ -0,0 +1,1543 @@
+%top{
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * psqlscan.l
+ *	  lexical scanner for SQL commands
+ *
+ * This lexer used to be part of psql, and that heritage is reflected in
+ * the file name as well as function and typedef names, though it can now
+ * be used by other frontend programs as well.  It's also possible to extend
+ * this lexer with a compatible add-on lexer to handle program-specific
+ * backslash commands.
+ *
+ * This code is mainly concerned with determining where the end of a SQL
+ * statement is: we are looking for semicolons that are not within quotes,
+ * comments, or parentheses.  The most reliable way to handle this is to
+ * borrow the backend's flex lexer rules, lock, stock, and barrel.  The rules
+ * below are (except for a few) the same as the backend's, but their actions
+ * are just ECHO whereas the backend's actions generally do other things.
+ *
+ * XXX The rules in this file must be kept in sync with the backend lexer!!!
+ *
+ * XXX Avoid creating backtracking cases --- see the backend lexer for info.
+ *
+ * See psqlscan_int.h for additional commentary.
+ *
+ *
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2022, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+ *
+ * IDENTIFICATION
+ *	  src/fe_utils/psqlscan.l
+ *
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+#include "postgres_fe.h"
+
+#include "common/logging.h"
+#include "fe_utils/psqlscan.h"
+
+#include "libpq-fe.h"
+}
+
+%{
+
+/* LCOV_EXCL_START */
+
+#include "fe_utils/psqlscan_int.h"
+
+/*
+ * We must have a typedef YYSTYPE for yylex's first argument, but this lexer
+ * doesn't presently make use of that argument, so just declare it as int.
+ */
+typedef int YYSTYPE;
+
+/*
+ * Set the type of yyextra; we use it as a pointer back to the containing
+ * PsqlScanState.
+ */
+#define YY_EXTRA_TYPE PsqlScanState
+
+
+/* Return values from yylex() */
+#define LEXRES_EOL			0	/* end of input */
+#define LEXRES_SEMI			1	/* command-terminating semicolon found */
+#define LEXRES_BACKSLASH	2	/* backslash command start */
+
+
+#define ECHO psqlscan_emit(cur_state, yytext, yyleng)
+
+/*
+ * Work around a bug in flex 2.5.35: it emits a couple of functions that
+ * it forgets to emit declarations for.  Since we use -Wmissing-prototypes,
+ * this would cause warnings.  Providing our own declarations should be
+ * harmless even when the bug gets fixed.
+ */
+extern int	psql_yyget_column(yyscan_t yyscanner);
+extern void psql_yyset_column(int column_no, yyscan_t yyscanner);
+
+%}
+
+%option reentrant
+%option bison-bridge
+%option 8bit
+%option never-interactive
+%option nodefault
+%option noinput
+%option nounput
+%option noyywrap
+%option warn
+%option prefix="psql_yy"
+
+/*
+ * All of the following definitions and rules should exactly match
+ * src/backend/parser/scan.l so far as the flex patterns are concerned.
+ * The rule bodies are just ECHO as opposed to what the backend does,
+ * however.  (But be sure to duplicate code that affects the lexing process,
+ * such as BEGIN() and yyless().)  Also, psqlscan uses a single <<EOF>> rule
+ * whereas scan.l has a separate one for each exclusive state.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * OK, here is a short description of lex/flex rules behavior.
+ * The longest pattern which matches an input string is always chosen.
+ * For equal-length patterns, the first occurring in the rules list is chosen.
+ * INITIAL is the starting state, to which all non-conditional rules apply.
+ * Exclusive states change parsing rules while the state is active.  When in
+ * an exclusive state, only those rules defined for that state apply.
+ *
+ * We use exclusive states for quoted strings, extended comments,
+ * and to eliminate parsing troubles for numeric strings.
+ * Exclusive states:
+ *  <xb> bit string literal
+ *  <xc> extended C-style comments
+ *  <xd> delimited identifiers (double-quoted identifiers)
+ *  <xh> hexadecimal byte string
+ *  <xq> standard quoted strings
+ *  <xqs> quote stop (detect continued strings)
+ *  <xe> extended quoted strings (support backslash escape sequences)
+ *  <xdolq> $foo$ quoted strings
+ *  <xui> quoted identifier with Unicode escapes
+ *  <xus> quoted string with Unicode escapes
+ *
+ * Note: we intentionally don't mimic the backend's <xeu> state; we have
+ * no need to distinguish it from <xe> state, and no good way to get out
+ * of it in error cases.  The backend just throws yyerror() in those
+ * cases, but that's not an option here.
+ */
+
+%x xb
+%x xc
+%x xd
+%x xh
+%x xq
+%x xqs
+%x xe
+%x xdolq
+%x xui
+%x xus
+
+/*
+ * In order to make the world safe for Windows and Mac clients as well as
+ * Unix ones, we accept either \n or \r as a newline.  A DOS-style \r\n
+ * sequence will be seen as two successive newlines, but that doesn't cause
+ * any problems.  Comments that start with -- and extend to the next
+ * newline are treated as equivalent to a single whitespace character.
+ *
+ * NOTE a fine point: if there is no newline following --, we will absorb
+ * everything to the end of the input as a comment.  This is correct.  Older
+ * versions of Postgres failed to recognize -- as a comment if the input
+ * did not end with a newline.
+ *
+ * XXX perhaps \f (formfeed) should be treated as a newline as well?
+ *
+ * XXX if you change the set of whitespace characters, fix scanner_isspace()
+ * to agree.
+ */
+
+space			[ \t\n\r\f]
+horiz_space		[ \t\f]
+newline			[\n\r]
+non_newline		[^\n\r]
+
+comment			("--"{non_newline}*)
+
+whitespace		({space}+|{comment})
+
+/*
+ * SQL requires at least one newline in the whitespace separating
+ * string literals that are to be concatenated.  Silly, but who are we
+ * to argue?  Note that {whitespace_with_newline} should not have * after
+ * it, whereas {whitespace} should generally have a * after it...
+ */
+
+special_whitespace		({space}+|{comment}{newline})
+horiz_whitespace		({horiz_space}|{comment})
+whitespace_with_newline	({horiz_whitespace}*{newline}{special_whitespace}*)
+
+quote			'
+/* If we see {quote} then {quotecontinue}, the quoted string continues */
+quotecontinue	{whitespace_with_newline}{quote}
+
+/*
+ * {quotecontinuefail} is needed to avoid lexer backup when we fail to match
+ * {quotecontinue}.  It might seem that this could just be {whitespace}*,
+ * but if there's a dash after {whitespace_with_newline}, it must be consumed
+ * to see if there's another dash --- which would start a {comment} and thus
+ * allow continuation of the {quotecontinue} token.
+ */
+quotecontinuefail	{whitespace}*"-"?
+
+/* Bit string
+ * It is tempting to scan the string for only those characters
+ * which are allowed. However, this leads to silently swallowed
+ * characters if illegal characters are included in the string.
+ * For example, if xbinside is [01] then B'ABCD' is interpreted
+ * as a zero-length string, and the ABCD' is lost!
+ * Better to pass the string forward and let the input routines
+ * validate the contents.
+ */
+xbstart			[bB]{quote}
+xbinside		[^']*
+
+/* Hexadecimal byte string */
+xhstart			[xX]{quote}
+xhinside		[^']*
+
+/* National character */
+xnstart			[nN]{quote}
+
+/* Quoted string that allows backslash escapes */
+xestart			[eE]{quote}
+xeinside		[^\\']+
+xeescape		[\\][^0-7]
+xeoctesc		[\\][0-7]{1,3}
+xehexesc		[\\]x[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,2}
+xeunicode		[\\](u[0-9A-Fa-f]{4}|U[0-9A-Fa-f]{8})
+xeunicodefail	[\\](u[0-9A-Fa-f]{0,3}|U[0-9A-Fa-f]{0,7})
+
+/* Extended quote
+ * xqdouble implements embedded quote, ''''
+ */
+xqstart			{quote}
+xqdouble		{quote}{quote}
+xqinside		[^']+
+
+/* $foo$ style quotes ("dollar quoting")
+ * The quoted string starts with $foo$ where "foo" is an optional string
+ * in the form of an identifier, except that it may not contain "$",
+ * and extends to the first occurrence of an identical string.
+ * There is *no* processing of the quoted text.
+ *
+ * {dolqfailed} is an error rule to avoid scanner backup when {dolqdelim}
+ * fails to match its trailing "$".
+ */
+dolq_start		[A-Za-z\200-\377_]
+dolq_cont		[A-Za-z\200-\377_0-9]
+dolqdelim		\$({dolq_start}{dolq_cont}*)?\$
+dolqfailed		\${dolq_start}{dolq_cont}*
+dolqinside		[^$]+
+
+/* Double quote
+ * Allows embedded spaces and other special characters into identifiers.
+ */
+dquote			\"
+xdstart			{dquote}
+xdstop			{dquote}
+xddouble		{dquote}{dquote}
+xdinside		[^"]+
+
+/* Quoted identifier with Unicode escapes */
+xuistart		[uU]&{dquote}
+
+/* Quoted string with Unicode escapes */
+xusstart		[uU]&{quote}
+
+/* error rule to avoid backup */
+xufailed		[uU]&
+
+
+/* C-style comments
+ *
+ * The "extended comment" syntax closely resembles allowable operator syntax.
+ * The tricky part here is to get lex to recognize a string starting with
+ * slash-star as a comment, when interpreting it as an operator would produce
+ * a longer match --- remember lex will prefer a longer match!  Also, if we
+ * have something like plus-slash-star, lex will think this is a 3-character
+ * operator whereas we want to see it as a + operator and a comment start.
+ * The solution is two-fold:
+ * 1. append {op_chars}* to xcstart so that it matches as much text as
+ *    {operator} would. Then the tie-breaker (first matching rule of same
+ *    length) ensures xcstart wins.  We put back the extra stuff with yyless()
+ *    in case it contains a star-slash that should terminate the comment.
+ * 2. In the operator rule, check for slash-star within the operator, and
+ *    if found throw it back with yyless().  This handles the plus-slash-star
+ *    problem.
+ * Dash-dash comments have similar interactions with the operator rule.
+ */
+xcstart			\/\*{op_chars}*
+xcstop			\*+\/
+xcinside		[^*/]+
+
+ident_start		[A-Za-z\200-\377_]
+ident_cont		[A-Za-z\200-\377_0-9\$]
+
+identifier		{ident_start}{ident_cont}*
+
+/* Assorted special-case operators and operator-like tokens */
+typecast		"::"
+dot_dot			\.\.
+colon_equals	":="
+
+/*
+ * These operator-like tokens (unlike the above ones) also match the {operator}
+ * rule, which means that they might be overridden by a longer match if they
+ * are followed by a comment start or a + or - character. Accordingly, if you
+ * add to this list, you must also add corresponding code to the {operator}
+ * block to return the correct token in such cases. (This is not needed in
+ * psqlscan.l since the token value is ignored there.)
+ */
+equals_greater	"=>"
+less_equals		"<="
+greater_equals	">="
+less_greater	"<>"
+not_equals		"!="
+
+/*
+ * "self" is the set of chars that should be returned as single-character
+ * tokens.  "op_chars" is the set of chars that can make up "Op" tokens,
+ * which can be one or more characters long (but if a single-char token
+ * appears in the "self" set, it is not to be returned as an Op).  Note
+ * that the sets overlap, but each has some chars that are not in the other.
+ *
+ * If you change either set, adjust the character lists appearing in the
+ * rule for "operator"!
+ */
+self			[,()\[\].;\:\+\-\*\/\%\^\<\>\=]
+op_chars		[\~\!\@\#\^\&\|\`\?\+\-\*\/\%\<\>\=]
+operator		{op_chars}+
+
+/*
+ * Numbers
+ *
+ * Unary minus is not part of a number here.  Instead we pass it separately to
+ * the parser, and there it gets coerced via doNegate().
+ *
+ * {decimalfail} is used because we would like "1..10" to lex as 1, dot_dot, 10.
+ *
+ * {realfail} is added to prevent the need for scanner
+ * backup when the {real} rule fails to match completely.
+ */
+digit			[0-9]
+
+integer			{digit}+
+decimal			(({digit}*\.{digit}+)|({digit}+\.{digit}*))
+decimalfail		{digit}+\.\.
+real			({integer}|{decimal})[Ee][-+]?{digit}+
+realfail		({integer}|{decimal})[Ee][-+]
+
+integer_junk	{integer}{ident_start}
+decimal_junk	{decimal}{ident_start}
+real_junk		{real}{ident_start}
+
+param			\${integer}
+param_junk		\${integer}{ident_start}
+
+/* psql-specific: characters allowed in variable names */
+variable_char	[A-Za-z\200-\377_0-9]
+
+other			.
+
+/*
+ * Dollar quoted strings are totally opaque, and no escaping is done on them.
+ * Other quoted strings must allow some special characters such as single-quote
+ *  and newline.
+ * Embedded single-quotes are implemented both in the SQL standard
+ *  style of two adjacent single quotes "''" and in the Postgres/Java style
+ *  of escaped-quote "\'".
+ * Other embedded escaped characters are matched explicitly and the leading
+ *  backslash is dropped from the string.
+ * Note that xcstart must appear before operator, as explained above!
+ *  Also whitespace (comment) must appear before operator.
+ */
+
+%%
+
+%{
+		/* Declare some local variables inside yylex(), for convenience */
+		PsqlScanState cur_state = yyextra;
+		PQExpBuffer output_buf = cur_state->output_buf;
+
+		/*
+		 * Force flex into the state indicated by start_state.  This has a
+		 * couple of purposes: it lets some of the functions below set a new
+		 * starting state without ugly direct access to flex variables, and it
+		 * allows us to transition from one flex lexer to another so that we
+		 * can lex different parts of the source string using separate lexers.
+		 */
+		BEGIN(cur_state->start_state);
+%}
+
+{whitespace}	{
+					/*
+					 * Note that the whitespace rule includes both true
+					 * whitespace and single-line ("--" style) comments.
+					 * We suppress whitespace until we have collected some
+					 * non-whitespace data.  (This interacts with some
+					 * decisions in MainLoop(); see there for details.)
+					 */
+					if (output_buf->len > 0)
+						ECHO;
+				}
+
+{xcstart}		{
+					cur_state->xcdepth = 0;
+					BEGIN(xc);
+					/* Put back any characters past slash-star; see above */
+					yyless(2);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+
+<xc>{
+{xcstart}		{
+					cur_state->xcdepth++;
+					/* Put back any characters past slash-star; see above */
+					yyless(2);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+
+{xcstop}		{
+					if (cur_state->xcdepth <= 0)
+						BEGIN(INITIAL);
+					else
+						cur_state->xcdepth--;
+					ECHO;
+				}
+
+{xcinside}		{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+
+{op_chars}		{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+
+\*+				{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+} /* <xc> */
+
+{xbstart}		{
+					BEGIN(xb);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+<xh>{xhinside}	|
+<xb>{xbinside}	{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+
+{xhstart}		{
+					/* Hexadecimal bit type.
+					 * At some point we should simply pass the string
+					 * forward to the parser and label it there.
+					 * In the meantime, place a leading "x" on the string
+					 * to mark it for the input routine as a hex string.
+					 */
+					BEGIN(xh);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+
+{xnstart}		{
+					yyless(1);	/* eat only 'n' this time */
+					ECHO;
+				}
+
+{xqstart}		{
+					if (cur_state->std_strings)
+						BEGIN(xq);
+					else
+						BEGIN(xe);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+{xestart}		{
+					BEGIN(xe);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+{xusstart}		{
+					BEGIN(xus);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+
+<xb,xh,xq,xe,xus>{quote} {
+					/*
+					 * When we are scanning a quoted string and see an end
+					 * quote, we must look ahead for a possible continuation.
+					 * If we don't see one, we know the end quote was in fact
+					 * the end of the string.  To reduce the lexer table size,
+					 * we use a single "xqs" state to do the lookahead for all
+					 * types of strings.
+					 */
+					cur_state->state_before_str_stop = YYSTATE;
+					BEGIN(xqs);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+<xqs>{quotecontinue} {
+					/*
+					 * Found a quote continuation, so return to the in-quote
+					 * state and continue scanning the literal.  Nothing is
+					 * added to the literal's contents.
+					 */
+					BEGIN(cur_state->state_before_str_stop);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+<xqs>{quotecontinuefail} |
+<xqs>{other}	{
+					/*
+					 * Failed to see a quote continuation.  Throw back
+					 * everything after the end quote, and handle the string
+					 * according to the state we were in previously.
+					 */
+					yyless(0);
+					BEGIN(INITIAL);
+					/* There's nothing to echo ... */
+				}
+
+<xq,xe,xus>{xqdouble} {
+					ECHO;
+				}
+<xq,xus>{xqinside}  {
+					ECHO;
+				}
+<xe>{xeinside}  {
+					ECHO;
+				}
+<xe>{xeunicode} {
+					ECHO;
+				}
+<xe>{xeunicodefail}	{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+<xe>{xeescape}  {
+					ECHO;
+				}
+<xe>{xeoctesc}  {
+					ECHO;
+				}
+<xe>{xehexesc}  {
+					ECHO;
+				}
+<xe>.			{
+					/* This is only needed for \ just before EOF */
+					ECHO;
+				}
+
+{dolqdelim}		{
+					cur_state->dolqstart = pg_strdup(yytext);
+					BEGIN(xdolq);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+{dolqfailed}	{
+					/* throw back all but the initial "$" */
+					yyless(1);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+<xdolq>{dolqdelim} {
+					if (strcmp(yytext, cur_state->dolqstart) == 0)
+					{
+						free(cur_state->dolqstart);
+						cur_state->dolqstart = NULL;
+						BEGIN(INITIAL);
+					}
+					else
+					{
+						/*
+						 * When we fail to match $...$ to dolqstart, transfer
+						 * the $... part to the output, but put back the final
+						 * $ for rescanning.  Consider $delim$...$junk$delim$
+						 */
+						yyless(yyleng - 1);
+					}
+					ECHO;
+				}
+<xdolq>{dolqinside} {
+					ECHO;
+				}
+<xdolq>{dolqfailed} {
+					ECHO;
+				}
+<xdolq>.		{
+					/* This is only needed for $ inside the quoted text */
+					ECHO;
+				}
+
+{xdstart}		{
+					BEGIN(xd);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+{xuistart}		{
+					BEGIN(xui);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+<xd>{xdstop}	{
+					BEGIN(INITIAL);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+<xui>{dquote}	{
+					BEGIN(INITIAL);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+<xd,xui>{xddouble}	{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+<xd,xui>{xdinside}	{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+
+{xufailed}	{
+					/* throw back all but the initial u/U */
+					yyless(1);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+
+{typecast}		{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+
+{dot_dot}		{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+
+{colon_equals}	{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+
+{equals_greater} {
+					ECHO;
+				}
+
+{less_equals}	{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+
+{greater_equals} {
+					ECHO;
+				}
+
+{less_greater}	{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+
+{not_equals}	{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+
+	/*
+	 * These rules are specific to psql --- they implement parenthesis
+	 * counting and detection of command-ending semicolon.  These must
+	 * appear before the {self} rule so that they take precedence over it.
+	 */
+
+"("				{
+					cur_state->paren_depth++;
+					ECHO;
+				}
+
+")"				{
+					if (cur_state->paren_depth > 0)
+						cur_state->paren_depth--;
+					ECHO;
+				}
+
+";"				{
+					ECHO;
+					if (cur_state->paren_depth == 0 && cur_state->begin_depth == 0)
+					{
+						/* Terminate lexing temporarily */
+						cur_state->start_state = YY_START;
+						cur_state->identifier_count = 0;
+						return LEXRES_SEMI;
+					}
+				}
+
+	/*
+	 * psql-specific rules to handle backslash commands and variable
+	 * substitution.  We want these before {self}, also.
+	 */
+
+"\\"[;:]		{
+					/* Force a semi-colon or colon into the query buffer */
+					psqlscan_emit(cur_state, yytext + 1, 1);
+					if (yytext[1] == ';')
+						cur_state->identifier_count = 0;
+				}
+
+"\\"			{
+					/* Terminate lexing temporarily */
+					cur_state->start_state = YY_START;
+					return LEXRES_BACKSLASH;
+				}
+
+:{variable_char}+	{
+					/* Possible psql variable substitution */
+					char	   *varname;
+					char	   *value;
+
+					varname = psqlscan_extract_substring(cur_state,
+														 yytext + 1,
+														 yyleng - 1);
+					if (cur_state->callbacks->get_variable)
+						value = cur_state->callbacks->get_variable(varname,
+																   PQUOTE_PLAIN,
+																   cur_state->cb_passthrough);
+					else
+						value = NULL;
+
+					if (value)
+					{
+						/* It is a variable, check for recursion */
+						if (psqlscan_var_is_current_source(cur_state, varname))
+						{
+							/* Recursive expansion --- don't go there */
+							pg_log_warning("skipping recursive expansion of variable \"%s\"",
+															  varname);
+							/* Instead copy the string as is */
+							ECHO;
+						}
+						else
+						{
+							/* OK, perform substitution */
+							psqlscan_push_new_buffer(cur_state, value, varname);
+							/* yy_scan_string already made buffer active */
+						}
+						free(value);
+					}
+					else
+					{
+						/*
+						 * if the variable doesn't exist we'll copy the string
+						 * as is
+						 */
+						ECHO;
+					}
+
+					free(varname);
+				}
+
+:'{variable_char}+'	{
+					psqlscan_escape_variable(cur_state, yytext, yyleng,
+											 PQUOTE_SQL_LITERAL);
+				}
+
+:\"{variable_char}+\"	{
+					psqlscan_escape_variable(cur_state, yytext, yyleng,
+											 PQUOTE_SQL_IDENT);
+				}
+
+:\{\?{variable_char}+\}	{
+					psqlscan_test_variable(cur_state, yytext, yyleng);
+				}
+
+	/*
+	 * These rules just avoid the need for scanner backup if one of the
+	 * three rules above fails to match completely.
+	 */
+
+:'{variable_char}*	{
+					/* Throw back everything but the colon */
+					yyless(1);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+
+:\"{variable_char}*	{
+					/* Throw back everything but the colon */
+					yyless(1);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+
+:\{\?{variable_char}*	{
+					/* Throw back everything but the colon */
+					yyless(1);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+:\{	{
+					/* Throw back everything but the colon */
+					yyless(1);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+
+	/*
+	 * Back to backend-compatible rules.
+	 */
+
+{self}			{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+
+{operator}		{
+					/*
+					 * Check for embedded slash-star or dash-dash; those
+					 * are comment starts, so operator must stop there.
+					 * Note that slash-star or dash-dash at the first
+					 * character will match a prior rule, not this one.
+					 */
+					int			nchars = yyleng;
+					char	   *slashstar = strstr(yytext, "/*");
+					char	   *dashdash = strstr(yytext, "--");
+
+					if (slashstar && dashdash)
+					{
+						/* if both appear, take the first one */
+						if (slashstar > dashdash)
+							slashstar = dashdash;
+					}
+					else if (!slashstar)
+						slashstar = dashdash;
+					if (slashstar)
+						nchars = slashstar - yytext;
+
+					/*
+					 * For SQL compatibility, '+' and '-' cannot be the
+					 * last char of a multi-char operator unless the operator
+					 * contains chars that are not in SQL operators.
+					 * The idea is to lex '=-' as two operators, but not
+					 * to forbid operator names like '?-' that could not be
+					 * sequences of SQL operators.
+					 */
+					if (nchars > 1 &&
+						(yytext[nchars - 1] == '+' ||
+						 yytext[nchars - 1] == '-'))
+					{
+						int			ic;
+
+						for (ic = nchars - 2; ic >= 0; ic--)
+						{
+							char c = yytext[ic];
+							if (c == '~' || c == '!' || c == '@' ||
+								c == '#' || c == '^' || c == '&' ||
+								c == '|' || c == '`' || c == '?' ||
+								c == '%')
+								break;
+						}
+						if (ic < 0)
+						{
+							/*
+							 * didn't find a qualifying character, so remove
+							 * all trailing [+-]
+							 */
+							do {
+								nchars--;
+							} while (nchars > 1 &&
+								 (yytext[nchars - 1] == '+' ||
+								  yytext[nchars - 1] == '-'));
+						}
+					}
+
+					if (nchars < yyleng)
+					{
+						/* Strip the unwanted chars from the token */
+						yyless(nchars);
+					}
+					ECHO;
+				}
+
+{param}			{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+{param_junk}	{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+
+{integer}		{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+{decimal}		{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+{decimalfail}	{
+					/* throw back the .., and treat as integer */
+					yyless(yyleng - 2);
+					ECHO;
+				}
+{real}			{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+{realfail}		{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+{integer_junk}	{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+{decimal_junk}	{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+{real_junk}		{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+
+
+{identifier}	{
+					/*
+					 * We need to track if we are inside a BEGIN .. END block
+					 * in a function definition, so that semicolons contained
+					 * therein don't terminate the whole statement.  Short of
+					 * writing a full parser here, the following heuristic
+					 * should work.  First, we track whether the beginning of
+					 * the statement matches CREATE [OR REPLACE]
+					 * {FUNCTION|PROCEDURE}
+					 */
+
+					if (cur_state->identifier_count == 0)
+						memset(cur_state->identifiers, 0, sizeof(cur_state->identifiers));
+
+					if (pg_strcasecmp(yytext, "create") == 0 ||
+						pg_strcasecmp(yytext, "function") == 0 ||
+						pg_strcasecmp(yytext, "procedure") == 0 ||
+						pg_strcasecmp(yytext, "or") == 0 ||
+						pg_strcasecmp(yytext, "replace") == 0)
+					{
+						if (cur_state->identifier_count < sizeof(cur_state->identifiers))
+							cur_state->identifiers[cur_state->identifier_count] = pg_tolower((unsigned char) yytext[0]);
+					}
+
+					cur_state->identifier_count++;
+
+					if (cur_state->identifiers[0] == 'c' &&
+						(cur_state->identifiers[1] == 'f' || cur_state->identifiers[1] == 'p' ||
+						 (cur_state->identifiers[1] == 'o' && cur_state->identifiers[2] == 'r' &&
+						  (cur_state->identifiers[3] == 'f' || cur_state->identifiers[3] == 'p'))) &&
+						cur_state->paren_depth == 0)
+					{
+						if (pg_strcasecmp(yytext, "begin") == 0)
+							cur_state->begin_depth++;
+						else if (pg_strcasecmp(yytext, "case") == 0)
+						{
+							/*
+							 * CASE also ends with END.  We only need to track
+							 * this if we are already inside a BEGIN.
+							 */
+							if (cur_state->begin_depth >= 1)
+								cur_state->begin_depth++;
+						}
+						else if (pg_strcasecmp(yytext, "end") == 0)
+						{
+							if (cur_state->begin_depth > 0)
+								cur_state->begin_depth--;
+						}
+					}
+
+					ECHO;
+				}
+
+{other}			{
+					ECHO;
+				}
+
+<<EOF>>			{
+					if (cur_state->buffer_stack == NULL)
+					{
+						cur_state->start_state = YY_START;
+						return LEXRES_EOL;		/* end of input reached */
+					}
+
+					/*
+					 * We were expanding a variable, so pop the inclusion
+					 * stack and keep lexing
+					 */
+					psqlscan_pop_buffer_stack(cur_state);
+					psqlscan_select_top_buffer(cur_state);
+				}
+
+%%
+
+/* LCOV_EXCL_STOP */
+
+/*
+ * Create a lexer working state struct.
+ *
+ * callbacks is a struct of function pointers that encapsulate some
+ * behavior we need from the surrounding program.  This struct must
+ * remain valid for the lifespan of the PsqlScanState.
+ */
+PsqlScanState
+psql_scan_create(const PsqlScanCallbacks *callbacks)
+{
+	PsqlScanState state;
+
+	state = (PsqlScanStateData *) pg_malloc0(sizeof(PsqlScanStateData));
+
+	state->callbacks = callbacks;
+
+	yylex_init(&state->scanner);
+
+	yyset_extra(state, state->scanner);
+
+	psql_scan_reset(state);
+
+	return state;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Destroy a lexer working state struct, releasing all resources.
+ */
+void
+psql_scan_destroy(PsqlScanState state)
+{
+	psql_scan_finish(state);
+
+	psql_scan_reset(state);
+
+	yylex_destroy(state->scanner);
+
+	free(state);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set the callback passthrough pointer for the lexer.
+ *
+ * This could have been integrated into psql_scan_create, but keeping it
+ * separate allows the application to change the pointer later, which might
+ * be useful.
+ */
+void
+psql_scan_set_passthrough(PsqlScanState state, void *passthrough)
+{
+	state->cb_passthrough = passthrough;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set up to perform lexing of the given input line.
+ *
+ * The text at *line, extending for line_len bytes, will be scanned by
+ * subsequent calls to the psql_scan routines.  psql_scan_finish should
+ * be called when scanning is complete.  Note that the lexer retains
+ * a pointer to the storage at *line --- this string must not be altered
+ * or freed until after psql_scan_finish is called.
+ *
+ * encoding is the libpq identifier for the character encoding in use,
+ * and std_strings says whether standard_conforming_strings is on.
+ */
+void
+psql_scan_setup(PsqlScanState state,
+				const char *line, int line_len,
+				int encoding, bool std_strings)
+{
+	/* Mustn't be scanning already */
+	Assert(state->scanbufhandle == NULL);
+	Assert(state->buffer_stack == NULL);
+
+	/* Do we need to hack the character set encoding? */
+	state->encoding = encoding;
+	state->safe_encoding = pg_valid_server_encoding_id(encoding);
+
+	/* Save standard-strings flag as well */
+	state->std_strings = std_strings;
+
+	/* Set up flex input buffer with appropriate translation and padding */
+	state->scanbufhandle = psqlscan_prepare_buffer(state, line, line_len,
+												   &state->scanbuf);
+	state->scanline = line;
+
+	/* Set lookaside data in case we have to map unsafe encoding */
+	state->curline = state->scanbuf;
+	state->refline = state->scanline;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Do lexical analysis of SQL command text.
+ *
+ * The text previously passed to psql_scan_setup is scanned, and appended
+ * (possibly with transformation) to query_buf.
+ *
+ * The return value indicates the condition that stopped scanning:
+ *
+ * PSCAN_SEMICOLON: found a command-ending semicolon.  (The semicolon is
+ * transferred to query_buf.)  The command accumulated in query_buf should
+ * be executed, then clear query_buf and call again to scan the remainder
+ * of the line.
+ *
+ * PSCAN_BACKSLASH: found a backslash that starts a special command.
+ * Any previous data on the line has been transferred to query_buf.
+ * The caller will typically next apply a separate flex lexer to scan
+ * the special command.
+ *
+ * PSCAN_INCOMPLETE: the end of the line was reached, but we have an
+ * incomplete SQL command.  *prompt is set to the appropriate prompt type.
+ *
+ * PSCAN_EOL: the end of the line was reached, and there is no lexical
+ * reason to consider the command incomplete.  The caller may or may not
+ * choose to send it.  *prompt is set to the appropriate prompt type if
+ * the caller chooses to collect more input.
+ *
+ * In the PSCAN_INCOMPLETE and PSCAN_EOL cases, psql_scan_finish() should
+ * be called next, then the cycle may be repeated with a fresh input line.
+ *
+ * In all cases, *prompt is set to an appropriate prompt type code for the
+ * next line-input operation.
+ */
+PsqlScanResult
+psql_scan(PsqlScanState state,
+		  PQExpBuffer query_buf,
+		  promptStatus_t *prompt)
+{
+	PsqlScanResult result;
+	int			lexresult;
+
+	/* Must be scanning already */
+	Assert(state->scanbufhandle != NULL);
+
+	/* Set current output target */
+	state->output_buf = query_buf;
+
+	/* Set input source */
+	if (state->buffer_stack != NULL)
+		yy_switch_to_buffer(state->buffer_stack->buf, state->scanner);
+	else
+		yy_switch_to_buffer(state->scanbufhandle, state->scanner);
+
+	/* And lex. */
+	lexresult = yylex(NULL, state->scanner);
+
+	/*
+	 * Check termination state and return appropriate result info.
+	 */
+	switch (lexresult)
+	{
+		case LEXRES_EOL:		/* end of input */
+			switch (state->start_state)
+			{
+				case INITIAL:
+				case xqs:		/* we treat this like INITIAL */
+					if (state->paren_depth > 0)
+					{
+						result = PSCAN_INCOMPLETE;
+						*prompt = PROMPT_PAREN;
+					}
+					else if (state->begin_depth > 0)
+					{
+						result = PSCAN_INCOMPLETE;
+						*prompt = PROMPT_CONTINUE;
+					}
+					else if (query_buf->len > 0)
+					{
+						result = PSCAN_EOL;
+						*prompt = PROMPT_CONTINUE;
+					}
+					else
+					{
+						/* never bother to send an empty buffer */
+						result = PSCAN_INCOMPLETE;
+						*prompt = PROMPT_READY;
+					}
+					break;
+				case xb:
+					result = PSCAN_INCOMPLETE;
+					*prompt = PROMPT_SINGLEQUOTE;
+					break;
+				case xc:
+					result = PSCAN_INCOMPLETE;
+					*prompt = PROMPT_COMMENT;
+					break;
+				case xd:
+					result = PSCAN_INCOMPLETE;
+					*prompt = PROMPT_DOUBLEQUOTE;
+					break;
+				case xh:
+					result = PSCAN_INCOMPLETE;
+					*prompt = PROMPT_SINGLEQUOTE;
+					break;
+				case xe:
+					result = PSCAN_INCOMPLETE;
+					*prompt = PROMPT_SINGLEQUOTE;
+					break;
+				case xq:
+					result = PSCAN_INCOMPLETE;
+					*prompt = PROMPT_SINGLEQUOTE;
+					break;
+				case xdolq:
+					result = PSCAN_INCOMPLETE;
+					*prompt = PROMPT_DOLLARQUOTE;
+					break;
+				case xui:
+					result = PSCAN_INCOMPLETE;
+					*prompt = PROMPT_DOUBLEQUOTE;
+					break;
+				case xus:
+					result = PSCAN_INCOMPLETE;
+					*prompt = PROMPT_SINGLEQUOTE;
+					break;
+				default:
+					/* can't get here */
+					fprintf(stderr, "invalid YY_START\n");
+					exit(1);
+			}
+			break;
+		case LEXRES_SEMI:		/* semicolon */
+			result = PSCAN_SEMICOLON;
+			*prompt = PROMPT_READY;
+			break;
+		case LEXRES_BACKSLASH:	/* backslash */
+			result = PSCAN_BACKSLASH;
+			*prompt = PROMPT_READY;
+			break;
+		default:
+			/* can't get here */
+			fprintf(stderr, "invalid yylex result\n");
+			exit(1);
+	}
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Clean up after scanning a string.  This flushes any unread input and
+ * releases resources (but not the PsqlScanState itself).  Note however
+ * that this does not reset the lexer scan state; that can be done by
+ * psql_scan_reset(), which is an orthogonal operation.
+ *
+ * It is legal to call this when not scanning anything (makes it easier
+ * to deal with error recovery).
+ */
+void
+psql_scan_finish(PsqlScanState state)
+{
+	/* Drop any incomplete variable expansions. */
+	while (state->buffer_stack != NULL)
+		psqlscan_pop_buffer_stack(state);
+
+	/* Done with the outer scan buffer, too */
+	if (state->scanbufhandle)
+		yy_delete_buffer(state->scanbufhandle, state->scanner);
+	state->scanbufhandle = NULL;
+	if (state->scanbuf)
+		free(state->scanbuf);
+	state->scanbuf = NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Reset lexer scanning state to start conditions.  This is appropriate
+ * for executing \r psql commands (or any other time that we discard the
+ * prior contents of query_buf).  It is not, however, necessary to do this
+ * when we execute and clear the buffer after getting a PSCAN_SEMICOLON or
+ * PSCAN_EOL scan result, because the scan state must be INITIAL when those
+ * conditions are returned.
+ *
+ * Note that this is unrelated to flushing unread input; that task is
+ * done by psql_scan_finish().
+ */
+void
+psql_scan_reset(PsqlScanState state)
+{
+	state->start_state = INITIAL;
+	state->paren_depth = 0;
+	state->xcdepth = 0;			/* not really necessary */
+	if (state->dolqstart)
+		free(state->dolqstart);
+	state->dolqstart = NULL;
+	state->identifier_count = 0;
+	state->begin_depth = 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Reselect this lexer (psqlscan.l) after using another one.
+ *
+ * Currently and for foreseeable uses, it's sufficient to reset to INITIAL
+ * state, because we'd never switch to another lexer in a different state.
+ * However, we don't want to reset e.g. paren_depth, so this can't be
+ * the same as psql_scan_reset().
+ *
+ * Note: psql setjmp error recovery just calls psql_scan_reset(), so that
+ * must be a superset of this.
+ *
+ * Note: it seems likely that other lexers could just assign INITIAL for
+ * themselves, since that probably has the value zero in every flex-generated
+ * lexer.  But let's not assume that.
+ */
+void
+psql_scan_reselect_sql_lexer(PsqlScanState state)
+{
+	state->start_state = INITIAL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return true if lexer is currently in an "inside quotes" state.
+ *
+ * This is pretty grotty but is needed to preserve the old behavior
+ * that mainloop.c drops blank lines not inside quotes without even
+ * echoing them.
+ */
+bool
+psql_scan_in_quote(PsqlScanState state)
+{
+	return state->start_state != INITIAL &&
+			state->start_state != xqs;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Push the given string onto the stack of stuff to scan.
+ *
+ * NOTE SIDE EFFECT: the new buffer is made the active flex input buffer.
+ */
+void
+psqlscan_push_new_buffer(PsqlScanState state, const char *newstr,
+						 const char *varname)
+{
+	StackElem  *stackelem;
+
+	stackelem = (StackElem *) pg_malloc(sizeof(StackElem));
+
+	/*
+	 * In current usage, the passed varname points at the current flex input
+	 * buffer; we must copy it before calling psqlscan_prepare_buffer()
+	 * because that will change the buffer state.
+	 */
+	stackelem->varname = varname ? pg_strdup(varname) : NULL;
+
+	stackelem->buf = psqlscan_prepare_buffer(state, newstr, strlen(newstr),
+											 &stackelem->bufstring);
+	state->curline = stackelem->bufstring;
+	if (state->safe_encoding)
+	{
+		stackelem->origstring = NULL;
+		state->refline = stackelem->bufstring;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		stackelem->origstring = pg_strdup(newstr);
+		state->refline = stackelem->origstring;
+	}
+	stackelem->next = state->buffer_stack;
+	state->buffer_stack = stackelem;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Pop the topmost buffer stack item (there must be one!)
+ *
+ * NB: after this, the flex input state is unspecified; caller must
+ * switch to an appropriate buffer to continue lexing.
+ * See psqlscan_select_top_buffer().
+ */
+void
+psqlscan_pop_buffer_stack(PsqlScanState state)
+{
+	StackElem  *stackelem = state->buffer_stack;
+
+	state->buffer_stack = stackelem->next;
+	yy_delete_buffer(stackelem->buf, state->scanner);
+	free(stackelem->bufstring);
+	if (stackelem->origstring)
+		free(stackelem->origstring);
+	if (stackelem->varname)
+		free(stackelem->varname);
+	free(stackelem);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Select the topmost surviving buffer as the active input.
+ */
+void
+psqlscan_select_top_buffer(PsqlScanState state)
+{
+	StackElem  *stackelem = state->buffer_stack;
+
+	if (stackelem != NULL)
+	{
+		yy_switch_to_buffer(stackelem->buf, state->scanner);
+		state->curline = stackelem->bufstring;
+		state->refline = stackelem->origstring ? stackelem->origstring : stackelem->bufstring;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		yy_switch_to_buffer(state->scanbufhandle, state->scanner);
+		state->curline = state->scanbuf;
+		state->refline = state->scanline;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check if specified variable name is the source for any string
+ * currently being scanned
+ */
+bool
+psqlscan_var_is_current_source(PsqlScanState state, const char *varname)
+{
+	StackElem  *stackelem;
+
+	for (stackelem = state->buffer_stack;
+		 stackelem != NULL;
+		 stackelem = stackelem->next)
+	{
+		if (stackelem->varname && strcmp(stackelem->varname, varname) == 0)
+			return true;
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set up a flex input buffer to scan the given data.  We always make a
+ * copy of the data.  If working in an unsafe encoding, the copy has
+ * multibyte sequences replaced by FFs to avoid fooling the lexer rules.
+ *
+ * NOTE SIDE EFFECT: the new buffer is made the active flex input buffer.
+ */
+YY_BUFFER_STATE
+psqlscan_prepare_buffer(PsqlScanState state, const char *txt, int len,
+						char **txtcopy)
+{
+	char	   *newtxt;
+
+	/* Flex wants two \0 characters after the actual data */
+	newtxt = pg_malloc(len + 2);
+	*txtcopy = newtxt;
+	newtxt[len] = newtxt[len + 1] = YY_END_OF_BUFFER_CHAR;
+
+	if (state->safe_encoding)
+		memcpy(newtxt, txt, len);
+	else
+	{
+		/* Gotta do it the hard way */
+		int			i = 0;
+
+		while (i < len)
+		{
+			int			thislen = PQmblen(txt + i, state->encoding);
+
+			/* first byte should always be okay... */
+			newtxt[i] = txt[i];
+			i++;
+			while (--thislen > 0 && i < len)
+				newtxt[i++] = (char) 0xFF;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return yy_scan_buffer(newtxt, len + 2, state->scanner);
+}
+
+/*
+ * psqlscan_emit() --- body for ECHO macro
+ *
+ * NB: this must be used for ALL and ONLY the text copied from the flex
+ * input data.  If you pass it something that is not part of the yytext
+ * string, you are making a mistake.  Internally generated text can be
+ * appended directly to state->output_buf.
+ */
+void
+psqlscan_emit(PsqlScanState state, const char *txt, int len)
+{
+	PQExpBuffer output_buf = state->output_buf;
+
+	if (state->safe_encoding)
+		appendBinaryPQExpBuffer(output_buf, txt, len);
+	else
+	{
+		/* Gotta do it the hard way */
+		const char *reference = state->refline;
+		int			i;
+
+		reference += (txt - state->curline);
+
+		for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+		{
+			char		ch = txt[i];
+
+			if (ch == (char) 0xFF)
+				ch = reference[i];
+			appendPQExpBufferChar(output_buf, ch);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * psqlscan_extract_substring --- fetch value of (part of) the current token
+ *
+ * This is like psqlscan_emit(), except that the data is returned as a
+ * malloc'd string rather than being pushed directly to state->output_buf.
+ */
+char *
+psqlscan_extract_substring(PsqlScanState state, const char *txt, int len)
+{
+	char	   *result = (char *) pg_malloc(len + 1);
+
+	if (state->safe_encoding)
+		memcpy(result, txt, len);
+	else
+	{
+		/* Gotta do it the hard way */
+		const char *reference = state->refline;
+		int			i;
+
+		reference += (txt - state->curline);
+
+		for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+		{
+			char		ch = txt[i];
+
+			if (ch == (char) 0xFF)
+				ch = reference[i];
+			result[i] = ch;
+		}
+	}
+	result[len] = '\0';
+	return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * psqlscan_escape_variable --- process :'VARIABLE' or :"VARIABLE"
+ *
+ * If the variable name is found, escape its value using the appropriate
+ * quoting method and emit the value to output_buf.  (Since the result is
+ * surely quoted, there is never any reason to rescan it.)	If we don't
+ * find the variable or escaping fails, emit the token as-is.
+ */
+void
+psqlscan_escape_variable(PsqlScanState state, const char *txt, int len,
+						 PsqlScanQuoteType quote)
+{
+	char	   *varname;
+	char	   *value;
+
+	/* Variable lookup. */
+	varname = psqlscan_extract_substring(state, txt + 2, len - 3);
+	if (state->callbacks->get_variable)
+		value = state->callbacks->get_variable(varname, quote,
+											   state->cb_passthrough);
+	else
+		value = NULL;
+	free(varname);
+
+	if (value)
+	{
+		/* Emit the suitably-escaped value */
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(state->output_buf, value);
+		free(value);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		/* Emit original token as-is */
+		psqlscan_emit(state, txt, len);
+	}
+}
+
+void
+psqlscan_test_variable(PsqlScanState state, const char *txt, int len)
+{
+	char	*varname;
+	char	*value;
+
+	varname = psqlscan_extract_substring(state, txt + 3, len - 4);
+	if (state->callbacks->get_variable)
+		value = state->callbacks->get_variable(varname, PQUOTE_PLAIN,
+											   state->cb_passthrough);
+	else
+		value = NULL;
+	free(varname);
+
+	if (value != NULL)
+	{
+		psqlscan_emit(state, "TRUE", 4);
+		free(value);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		psqlscan_emit(state, "FALSE", 5);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/fe_utils/query_utils.c b/src/fe_utils/query_utils.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2fc6e24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fe_utils/query_utils.c
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * Facilities for frontend code to query a databases.
+ *
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2022, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+ *
+ * src/fe_utils/query_utils.c
+ *
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+#include "postgres_fe.h"
+
+#include "common/logging.h"
+#include "fe_utils/cancel.h"
+#include "fe_utils/query_utils.h"
+
+/*
+ * Run a query, return the results, exit program on failure.
+ */
+PGresult *
+executeQuery(PGconn *conn, const char *query, bool echo)
+{
+	PGresult   *res;
+
+	if (echo)
+		printf("%s\n", query);
+
+	res = PQexec(conn, query);
+	if (!res ||
+		PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_TUPLES_OK)
+	{
+		pg_log_error("query failed: %s", PQerrorMessage(conn));
+		pg_log_error_detail("Query was: %s", query);
+		PQfinish(conn);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	return res;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * As above for a SQL command (which returns nothing).
+ */
+void
+executeCommand(PGconn *conn, const char *query, bool echo)
+{
+	PGresult   *res;
+
+	if (echo)
+		printf("%s\n", query);
+
+	res = PQexec(conn, query);
+	if (!res ||
+		PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
+	{
+		pg_log_error("query failed: %s", PQerrorMessage(conn));
+		pg_log_error_detail("Query was: %s", query);
+		PQfinish(conn);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	PQclear(res);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * As above for a SQL maintenance command (returns command success).
+ * Command is executed with a cancel handler set, so Ctrl-C can
+ * interrupt it.
+ */
+bool
+executeMaintenanceCommand(PGconn *conn, const char *query, bool echo)
+{
+	PGresult   *res;
+	bool		r;
+
+	if (echo)
+		printf("%s\n", query);
+
+	SetCancelConn(conn);
+	res = PQexec(conn, query);
+	ResetCancelConn();
+
+	r = (res && PQresultStatus(res) == PGRES_COMMAND_OK);
+
+	if (res)
+		PQclear(res);
+
+	return r;
+}
diff --git a/src/fe_utils/recovery_gen.c b/src/fe_utils/recovery_gen.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9a4230
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fe_utils/recovery_gen.c
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * recovery_gen.c
+ *		Generator for recovery configuration
+ *
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 2011-2022, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ *
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+#include "postgres_fe.h"
+
+#include "common/logging.h"
+#include "fe_utils/recovery_gen.h"
+#include "fe_utils/string_utils.h"
+
+static char *escape_quotes(const char *src);
+
+/*
+ * Write recovery configuration contents into a fresh PQExpBuffer, and
+ * return it.
+ */
+PQExpBuffer
+GenerateRecoveryConfig(PGconn *pgconn, char *replication_slot)
+{
+	PQconninfoOption *connOptions;
+	PQExpBufferData conninfo_buf;
+	char	   *escaped;
+	PQExpBuffer contents;
+
+	Assert(pgconn != NULL);
+
+	contents = createPQExpBuffer();
+	if (!contents)
+		pg_fatal("out of memory");
+
+	/*
+	 * In PostgreSQL 12 and newer versions, standby_mode is gone, replaced by
+	 * standby.signal to trigger a standby state at recovery.
+	 */
+	if (PQserverVersion(pgconn) < MINIMUM_VERSION_FOR_RECOVERY_GUC)
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(contents, "standby_mode = 'on'\n");
+
+	connOptions = PQconninfo(pgconn);
+	if (connOptions == NULL)
+		pg_fatal("out of memory");
+
+	initPQExpBuffer(&conninfo_buf);
+	for (PQconninfoOption *opt = connOptions; opt && opt->keyword; opt++)
+	{
+		/* Omit empty settings and those libpqwalreceiver overrides. */
+		if (strcmp(opt->keyword, "replication") == 0 ||
+			strcmp(opt->keyword, "dbname") == 0 ||
+			strcmp(opt->keyword, "fallback_application_name") == 0 ||
+			(opt->val == NULL) ||
+			(opt->val != NULL && opt->val[0] == '\0'))
+			continue;
+
+		/* Separate key-value pairs with spaces */
+		if (conninfo_buf.len != 0)
+			appendPQExpBufferChar(&conninfo_buf, ' ');
+
+		/*
+		 * Write "keyword=value" pieces, the value string is escaped and/or
+		 * quoted if necessary.
+		 */
+		appendPQExpBuffer(&conninfo_buf, "%s=", opt->keyword);
+		appendConnStrVal(&conninfo_buf, opt->val);
+	}
+	if (PQExpBufferDataBroken(conninfo_buf))
+		pg_fatal("out of memory");
+
+	/*
+	 * Escape the connection string, so that it can be put in the config file.
+	 * Note that this is different from the escaping of individual connection
+	 * options above!
+	 */
+	escaped = escape_quotes(conninfo_buf.data);
+	termPQExpBuffer(&conninfo_buf);
+	appendPQExpBuffer(contents, "primary_conninfo = '%s'\n", escaped);
+	free(escaped);
+
+	if (replication_slot)
+	{
+		/* unescaped: ReplicationSlotValidateName allows [a-z0-9_] only */
+		appendPQExpBuffer(contents, "primary_slot_name = '%s'\n",
+						  replication_slot);
+	}
+
+	if (PQExpBufferBroken(contents))
+		pg_fatal("out of memory");
+
+	PQconninfoFree(connOptions);
+
+	return contents;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write the configuration file in the directory specified in target_dir,
+ * with the contents already collected in memory appended.  Then write
+ * the signal file into the target_dir.  If the server does not support
+ * recovery parameters as GUCs, the signal file is not necessary, and
+ * configuration is written to recovery.conf.
+ */
+void
+WriteRecoveryConfig(PGconn *pgconn, char *target_dir, PQExpBuffer contents)
+{
+	char		filename[MAXPGPATH];
+	FILE	   *cf;
+	bool		use_recovery_conf;
+
+	Assert(pgconn != NULL);
+
+	use_recovery_conf =
+		PQserverVersion(pgconn) < MINIMUM_VERSION_FOR_RECOVERY_GUC;
+
+	snprintf(filename, MAXPGPATH, "%s/%s", target_dir,
+			 use_recovery_conf ? "recovery.conf" : "postgresql.auto.conf");
+
+	cf = fopen(filename, use_recovery_conf ? "w" : "a");
+	if (cf == NULL)
+		pg_fatal("could not open file \"%s\": %m", filename);
+
+	if (fwrite(contents->data, contents->len, 1, cf) != 1)
+		pg_fatal("could not write to file \"%s\": %m", filename);
+
+	fclose(cf);
+
+	if (!use_recovery_conf)
+	{
+		snprintf(filename, MAXPGPATH, "%s/%s", target_dir, "standby.signal");
+		cf = fopen(filename, "w");
+		if (cf == NULL)
+			pg_fatal("could not create file \"%s\": %m", filename);
+
+		fclose(cf);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Escape a string so that it can be used as a value in a key-value pair
+ * a configuration file.
+ */
+static char *
+escape_quotes(const char *src)
+{
+	char	   *result = escape_single_quotes_ascii(src);
+
+	if (!result)
+		pg_fatal("out of memory");
+	return result;
+}
diff --git a/src/fe_utils/simple_list.c b/src/fe_utils/simple_list.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae6c694
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fe_utils/simple_list.c
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * Simple list facilities for frontend code
+ *
+ * Data structures for simple lists of OIDs and strings.  The support for
+ * these is very primitive compared to the backend's List facilities, but
+ * it's all we need in, eg, pg_dump.
+ *
+ *
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2022, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+ *
+ * src/fe_utils/simple_list.c
+ *
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+#include "postgres_fe.h"
+
+#include "fe_utils/simple_list.h"
+
+
+/*
+ * Append an OID to the list.
+ */
+void
+simple_oid_list_append(SimpleOidList *list, Oid val)
+{
+	SimpleOidListCell *cell;
+
+	cell = (SimpleOidListCell *) pg_malloc(sizeof(SimpleOidListCell));
+	cell->next = NULL;
+	cell->val = val;
+
+	if (list->tail)
+		list->tail->next = cell;
+	else
+		list->head = cell;
+	list->tail = cell;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Is OID present in the list?
+ */
+bool
+simple_oid_list_member(SimpleOidList *list, Oid val)
+{
+	SimpleOidListCell *cell;
+
+	for (cell = list->head; cell; cell = cell->next)
+	{
+		if (cell->val == val)
+			return true;
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Append a string to the list.
+ *
+ * The given string is copied, so it need not survive past the call.
+ */
+void
+simple_string_list_append(SimpleStringList *list, const char *val)
+{
+	SimpleStringListCell *cell;
+
+	cell = (SimpleStringListCell *)
+		pg_malloc(offsetof(SimpleStringListCell, val) + strlen(val) + 1);
+
+	cell->next = NULL;
+	cell->touched = false;
+	strcpy(cell->val, val);
+
+	if (list->tail)
+		list->tail->next = cell;
+	else
+		list->head = cell;
+	list->tail = cell;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Is string present in the list?
+ *
+ * If found, the "touched" field of the first match is set true.
+ */
+bool
+simple_string_list_member(SimpleStringList *list, const char *val)
+{
+	SimpleStringListCell *cell;
+
+	for (cell = list->head; cell; cell = cell->next)
+	{
+		if (strcmp(cell->val, val) == 0)
+		{
+			cell->touched = true;
+			return true;
+		}
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Destroy an OID list
+ */
+void
+simple_oid_list_destroy(SimpleOidList *list)
+{
+	SimpleOidListCell *cell;
+
+	cell = list->head;
+	while (cell != NULL)
+	{
+		SimpleOidListCell *next;
+
+		next = cell->next;
+		pg_free(cell);
+		cell = next;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Destroy a string list
+ */
+void
+simple_string_list_destroy(SimpleStringList *list)
+{
+	SimpleStringListCell *cell;
+
+	cell = list->head;
+	while (cell != NULL)
+	{
+		SimpleStringListCell *next;
+
+		next = cell->next;
+		pg_free(cell);
+		cell = next;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Find first not-touched list entry, if there is one.
+ */
+const char *
+simple_string_list_not_touched(SimpleStringList *list)
+{
+	SimpleStringListCell *cell;
+
+	for (cell = list->head; cell; cell = cell->next)
+	{
+		if (!cell->touched)
+			return cell->val;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Append a pointer to the list.
+ *
+ * Caller must ensure that the pointer remains valid.
+ */
+void
+simple_ptr_list_append(SimplePtrList *list, void *ptr)
+{
+	SimplePtrListCell *cell;
+
+	cell = (SimplePtrListCell *) pg_malloc(sizeof(SimplePtrListCell));
+	cell->next = NULL;
+	cell->ptr = ptr;
+
+	if (list->tail)
+		list->tail->next = cell;
+	else
+		list->head = cell;
+	list->tail = cell;
+}
diff --git a/src/fe_utils/string_utils.c b/src/fe_utils/string_utils.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f311bdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fe_utils/string_utils.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1233 @@
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * String-processing utility routines for frontend code
+ *
+ * Assorted utility functions that are useful in constructing SQL queries
+ * and interpreting backend output.
+ *
+ *
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2022, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+ *
+ * src/fe_utils/string_utils.c
+ *
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+#include "postgres_fe.h"
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+
+#include "common/keywords.h"
+#include "fe_utils/string_utils.h"
+
+static PQExpBuffer defaultGetLocalPQExpBuffer(void);
+
+/* Globals exported by this file */
+int			quote_all_identifiers = 0;
+PQExpBuffer (*getLocalPQExpBuffer) (void) = defaultGetLocalPQExpBuffer;
+
+
+/*
+ * Returns a temporary PQExpBuffer, valid until the next call to the function.
+ * This is used by fmtId and fmtQualifiedId.
+ *
+ * Non-reentrant and non-thread-safe but reduces memory leakage. You can
+ * replace this with a custom version by setting the getLocalPQExpBuffer
+ * function pointer.
+ */
+static PQExpBuffer
+defaultGetLocalPQExpBuffer(void)
+{
+	static PQExpBuffer id_return = NULL;
+
+	if (id_return)				/* first time through? */
+	{
+		/* same buffer, just wipe contents */
+		resetPQExpBuffer(id_return);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		/* new buffer */
+		id_return = createPQExpBuffer();
+	}
+
+	return id_return;
+}
+
+/*
+ *	Quotes input string if it's not a legitimate SQL identifier as-is.
+ *
+ *	Note that the returned string must be used before calling fmtId again,
+ *	since we re-use the same return buffer each time.
+ */
+const char *
+fmtId(const char *rawid)
+{
+	PQExpBuffer id_return = getLocalPQExpBuffer();
+
+	const char *cp;
+	bool		need_quotes = false;
+
+	/*
+	 * These checks need to match the identifier production in scan.l. Don't
+	 * use islower() etc.
+	 */
+	if (quote_all_identifiers)
+		need_quotes = true;
+	/* slightly different rules for first character */
+	else if (!((rawid[0] >= 'a' && rawid[0] <= 'z') || rawid[0] == '_'))
+		need_quotes = true;
+	else
+	{
+		/* otherwise check the entire string */
+		for (cp = rawid; *cp; cp++)
+		{
+			if (!((*cp >= 'a' && *cp <= 'z')
+				  || (*cp >= '0' && *cp <= '9')
+				  || (*cp == '_')))
+			{
+				need_quotes = true;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!need_quotes)
+	{
+		/*
+		 * Check for keyword.  We quote keywords except for unreserved ones.
+		 * (In some cases we could avoid quoting a col_name or type_func_name
+		 * keyword, but it seems much harder than it's worth to tell that.)
+		 *
+		 * Note: ScanKeywordLookup() does case-insensitive comparison, but
+		 * that's fine, since we already know we have all-lower-case.
+		 */
+		int			kwnum = ScanKeywordLookup(rawid, &ScanKeywords);
+
+		if (kwnum >= 0 && ScanKeywordCategories[kwnum] != UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
+			need_quotes = true;
+	}
+
+	if (!need_quotes)
+	{
+		/* no quoting needed */
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(id_return, rawid);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		appendPQExpBufferChar(id_return, '"');
+		for (cp = rawid; *cp; cp++)
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Did we find a double-quote in the string? Then make this a
+			 * double double-quote per SQL99. Before, we put in a
+			 * backslash/double-quote pair. - thomas 2000-08-05
+			 */
+			if (*cp == '"')
+				appendPQExpBufferChar(id_return, '"');
+			appendPQExpBufferChar(id_return, *cp);
+		}
+		appendPQExpBufferChar(id_return, '"');
+	}
+
+	return id_return->data;
+}
+
+/*
+ * fmtQualifiedId - construct a schema-qualified name, with quoting as needed.
+ *
+ * Like fmtId, use the result before calling again.
+ *
+ * Since we call fmtId and it also uses getLocalPQExpBuffer() we cannot
+ * use that buffer until we're finished with calling fmtId().
+ */
+const char *
+fmtQualifiedId(const char *schema, const char *id)
+{
+	PQExpBuffer id_return;
+	PQExpBuffer lcl_pqexp = createPQExpBuffer();
+
+	/* Some callers might fail to provide a schema name */
+	if (schema && *schema)
+	{
+		appendPQExpBuffer(lcl_pqexp, "%s.", fmtId(schema));
+	}
+	appendPQExpBufferStr(lcl_pqexp, fmtId(id));
+
+	id_return = getLocalPQExpBuffer();
+
+	appendPQExpBufferStr(id_return, lcl_pqexp->data);
+	destroyPQExpBuffer(lcl_pqexp);
+
+	return id_return->data;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Format a Postgres version number (in the PG_VERSION_NUM integer format
+ * returned by PQserverVersion()) as a string.  This exists mainly to
+ * encapsulate knowledge about two-part vs. three-part version numbers.
+ *
+ * For reentrancy, caller must supply the buffer the string is put in.
+ * Recommended size of the buffer is 32 bytes.
+ *
+ * Returns address of 'buf', as a notational convenience.
+ */
+char *
+formatPGVersionNumber(int version_number, bool include_minor,
+					  char *buf, size_t buflen)
+{
+	if (version_number >= 100000)
+	{
+		/* New two-part style */
+		if (include_minor)
+			snprintf(buf, buflen, "%d.%d", version_number / 10000,
+					 version_number % 10000);
+		else
+			snprintf(buf, buflen, "%d", version_number / 10000);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		/* Old three-part style */
+		if (include_minor)
+			snprintf(buf, buflen, "%d.%d.%d", version_number / 10000,
+					 (version_number / 100) % 100,
+					 version_number % 100);
+		else
+			snprintf(buf, buflen, "%d.%d", version_number / 10000,
+					 (version_number / 100) % 100);
+	}
+	return buf;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Convert a string value to an SQL string literal and append it to
+ * the given buffer.  We assume the specified client_encoding and
+ * standard_conforming_strings settings.
+ *
+ * This is essentially equivalent to libpq's PQescapeStringInternal,
+ * except for the output buffer structure.  We need it in situations
+ * where we do not have a PGconn available.  Where we do,
+ * appendStringLiteralConn is a better choice.
+ */
+void
+appendStringLiteral(PQExpBuffer buf, const char *str,
+					int encoding, bool std_strings)
+{
+	size_t		length = strlen(str);
+	const char *source = str;
+	char	   *target;
+
+	if (!enlargePQExpBuffer(buf, 2 * length + 2))
+		return;
+
+	target = buf->data + buf->len;
+	*target++ = '\'';
+
+	while (*source != '\0')
+	{
+		char		c = *source;
+		int			len;
+		int			i;
+
+		/* Fast path for plain ASCII */
+		if (!IS_HIGHBIT_SET(c))
+		{
+			/* Apply quoting if needed */
+			if (SQL_STR_DOUBLE(c, !std_strings))
+				*target++ = c;
+			/* Copy the character */
+			*target++ = c;
+			source++;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* Slow path for possible multibyte characters */
+		len = PQmblen(source, encoding);
+
+		/* Copy the character */
+		for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+		{
+			if (*source == '\0')
+				break;
+			*target++ = *source++;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * If we hit premature end of string (ie, incomplete multibyte
+		 * character), try to pad out to the correct length with spaces. We
+		 * may not be able to pad completely, but we will always be able to
+		 * insert at least one pad space (since we'd not have quoted a
+		 * multibyte character).  This should be enough to make a string that
+		 * the server will error out on.
+		 */
+		if (i < len)
+		{
+			char	   *stop = buf->data + buf->maxlen - 2;
+
+			for (; i < len; i++)
+			{
+				if (target >= stop)
+					break;
+				*target++ = ' ';
+			}
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Write the terminating quote and NUL character. */
+	*target++ = '\'';
+	*target = '\0';
+
+	buf->len = target - buf->data;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Convert a string value to an SQL string literal and append it to
+ * the given buffer.  Encoding and string syntax rules are as indicated
+ * by current settings of the PGconn.
+ */
+void
+appendStringLiteralConn(PQExpBuffer buf, const char *str, PGconn *conn)
+{
+	size_t		length = strlen(str);
+
+	/*
+	 * XXX This is a kluge to silence escape_string_warning in our utility
+	 * programs.  It should go away someday.
+	 */
+	if (strchr(str, '\\') != NULL && PQserverVersion(conn) >= 80100)
+	{
+		/* ensure we are not adjacent to an identifier */
+		if (buf->len > 0 && buf->data[buf->len - 1] != ' ')
+			appendPQExpBufferChar(buf, ' ');
+		appendPQExpBufferChar(buf, ESCAPE_STRING_SYNTAX);
+		appendStringLiteral(buf, str, PQclientEncoding(conn), false);
+		return;
+	}
+	/* XXX end kluge */
+
+	if (!enlargePQExpBuffer(buf, 2 * length + 2))
+		return;
+	appendPQExpBufferChar(buf, '\'');
+	buf->len += PQescapeStringConn(conn, buf->data + buf->len,
+								   str, length, NULL);
+	appendPQExpBufferChar(buf, '\'');
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Convert a string value to a dollar quoted literal and append it to
+ * the given buffer. If the dqprefix parameter is not NULL then the
+ * dollar quote delimiter will begin with that (after the opening $).
+ *
+ * No escaping is done at all on str, in compliance with the rules
+ * for parsing dollar quoted strings.  Also, we need not worry about
+ * encoding issues.
+ */
+void
+appendStringLiteralDQ(PQExpBuffer buf, const char *str, const char *dqprefix)
+{
+	static const char suffixes[] = "_XXXXXXX";
+	int			nextchar = 0;
+	PQExpBuffer delimBuf = createPQExpBuffer();
+
+	/* start with $ + dqprefix if not NULL */
+	appendPQExpBufferChar(delimBuf, '$');
+	if (dqprefix)
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(delimBuf, dqprefix);
+
+	/*
+	 * Make sure we choose a delimiter which (without the trailing $) is not
+	 * present in the string being quoted. We don't check with the trailing $
+	 * because a string ending in $foo must not be quoted with $foo$.
+	 */
+	while (strstr(str, delimBuf->data) != NULL)
+	{
+		appendPQExpBufferChar(delimBuf, suffixes[nextchar++]);
+		nextchar %= sizeof(suffixes) - 1;
+	}
+
+	/* add trailing $ */
+	appendPQExpBufferChar(delimBuf, '$');
+
+	/* quote it and we are all done */
+	appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, delimBuf->data);
+	appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, str);
+	appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, delimBuf->data);
+
+	destroyPQExpBuffer(delimBuf);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Convert a bytea value (presented as raw bytes) to an SQL string literal
+ * and append it to the given buffer.  We assume the specified
+ * standard_conforming_strings setting.
+ *
+ * This is needed in situations where we do not have a PGconn available.
+ * Where we do, PQescapeByteaConn is a better choice.
+ */
+void
+appendByteaLiteral(PQExpBuffer buf, const unsigned char *str, size_t length,
+				   bool std_strings)
+{
+	const unsigned char *source = str;
+	char	   *target;
+
+	static const char hextbl[] = "0123456789abcdef";
+
+	/*
+	 * This implementation is hard-wired to produce hex-format output. We do
+	 * not know the server version the output will be loaded into, so making
+	 * an intelligent format choice is impossible.  It might be better to
+	 * always use the old escaped format.
+	 */
+	if (!enlargePQExpBuffer(buf, 2 * length + 5))
+		return;
+
+	target = buf->data + buf->len;
+	*target++ = '\'';
+	if (!std_strings)
+		*target++ = '\\';
+	*target++ = '\\';
+	*target++ = 'x';
+
+	while (length-- > 0)
+	{
+		unsigned char c = *source++;
+
+		*target++ = hextbl[(c >> 4) & 0xF];
+		*target++ = hextbl[c & 0xF];
+	}
+
+	/* Write the terminating quote and NUL character. */
+	*target++ = '\'';
+	*target = '\0';
+
+	buf->len = target - buf->data;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Append the given string to the shell command being built in the buffer,
+ * with shell-style quoting as needed to create exactly one argument.
+ *
+ * Forbid LF or CR characters, which have scant practical use beyond designing
+ * security breaches.  The Windows command shell is unusable as a conduit for
+ * arguments containing LF or CR characters.  A future major release should
+ * reject those characters in CREATE ROLE and CREATE DATABASE, because use
+ * there eventually leads to errors here.
+ *
+ * appendShellString() simply prints an error and dies if LF or CR appears.
+ * appendShellStringNoError() omits those characters from the result, and
+ * returns false if there were any.
+ */
+void
+appendShellString(PQExpBuffer buf, const char *str)
+{
+	if (!appendShellStringNoError(buf, str))
+	{
+		fprintf(stderr,
+				_("shell command argument contains a newline or carriage return: \"%s\"\n"),
+				str);
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+}
+
+bool
+appendShellStringNoError(PQExpBuffer buf, const char *str)
+{
+#ifdef WIN32
+	int			backslash_run_length = 0;
+#endif
+	bool		ok = true;
+	const char *p;
+
+	/*
+	 * Don't bother with adding quotes if the string is nonempty and clearly
+	 * contains only safe characters.
+	 */
+	if (*str != '\0' &&
+		strspn(str, "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789-_./:") == strlen(str))
+	{
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, str);
+		return ok;
+	}
+
+#ifndef WIN32
+	appendPQExpBufferChar(buf, '\'');
+	for (p = str; *p; p++)
+	{
+		if (*p == '\n' || *p == '\r')
+		{
+			ok = false;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (*p == '\'')
+			appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, "'\"'\"'");
+		else
+			appendPQExpBufferChar(buf, *p);
+	}
+	appendPQExpBufferChar(buf, '\'');
+#else							/* WIN32 */
+
+	/*
+	 * A Windows system() argument experiences two layers of interpretation.
+	 * First, cmd.exe interprets the string.  Its behavior is undocumented,
+	 * but a caret escapes any byte except LF or CR that would otherwise have
+	 * special meaning.  Handling of a caret before LF or CR differs between
+	 * "cmd.exe /c" and other modes, and it is unusable here.
+	 *
+	 * Second, the new process parses its command line to construct argv (see
+	 * https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/17w5ykft.aspx).  This treats
+	 * backslash-double quote sequences specially.
+	 */
+	appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, "^\"");
+	for (p = str; *p; p++)
+	{
+		if (*p == '\n' || *p == '\r')
+		{
+			ok = false;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* Change N backslashes before a double quote to 2N+1 backslashes. */
+		if (*p == '"')
+		{
+			while (backslash_run_length)
+			{
+				appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, "^\\");
+				backslash_run_length--;
+			}
+			appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, "^\\");
+		}
+		else if (*p == '\\')
+			backslash_run_length++;
+		else
+			backslash_run_length = 0;
+
+		/*
+		 * Decline to caret-escape the most mundane characters, to ease
+		 * debugging and lest we approach the command length limit.
+		 */
+		if (!((*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z') ||
+			  (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z') ||
+			  (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9')))
+			appendPQExpBufferChar(buf, '^');
+		appendPQExpBufferChar(buf, *p);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Change N backslashes at end of argument to 2N backslashes, because they
+	 * precede the double quote that terminates the argument.
+	 */
+	while (backslash_run_length)
+	{
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, "^\\");
+		backslash_run_length--;
+	}
+	appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, "^\"");
+#endif							/* WIN32 */
+
+	return ok;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Append the given string to the buffer, with suitable quoting for passing
+ * the string as a value in a keyword/value pair in a libpq connection string.
+ */
+void
+appendConnStrVal(PQExpBuffer buf, const char *str)
+{
+	const char *s;
+	bool		needquotes;
+
+	/*
+	 * If the string is one or more plain ASCII characters, no need to quote
+	 * it. This is quite conservative, but better safe than sorry.
+	 */
+	needquotes = true;
+	for (s = str; *s; s++)
+	{
+		if (!((*s >= 'a' && *s <= 'z') || (*s >= 'A' && *s <= 'Z') ||
+			  (*s >= '0' && *s <= '9') || *s == '_' || *s == '.'))
+		{
+			needquotes = true;
+			break;
+		}
+		needquotes = false;
+	}
+
+	if (needquotes)
+	{
+		appendPQExpBufferChar(buf, '\'');
+		while (*str)
+		{
+			/* ' and \ must be escaped by to \' and \\ */
+			if (*str == '\'' || *str == '\\')
+				appendPQExpBufferChar(buf, '\\');
+
+			appendPQExpBufferChar(buf, *str);
+			str++;
+		}
+		appendPQExpBufferChar(buf, '\'');
+	}
+	else
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, str);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Append a psql meta-command that connects to the given database with the
+ * then-current connection's user, host and port.
+ */
+void
+appendPsqlMetaConnect(PQExpBuffer buf, const char *dbname)
+{
+	const char *s;
+	bool complex;
+
+	/*
+	 * If the name is plain ASCII characters, emit a trivial "\connect "foo"".
+	 * For other names, even many not technically requiring it, skip to the
+	 * general case.  No database has a zero-length name.
+	 */
+	complex = false;
+
+	for (s = dbname; *s; s++)
+	{
+		if (*s == '\n' || *s == '\r')
+		{
+			fprintf(stderr,
+					_("database name contains a newline or carriage return: \"%s\"\n"),
+					dbname);
+			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+		}
+
+		if (!((*s >= 'a' && *s <= 'z') || (*s >= 'A' && *s <= 'Z') ||
+			  (*s >= '0' && *s <= '9') || *s == '_' || *s == '.'))
+		{
+			complex = true;
+		}
+	}
+
+	appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, "\\connect ");
+	if (complex)
+	{
+		PQExpBufferData connstr;
+
+		initPQExpBuffer(&connstr);
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(&connstr, "dbname=");
+		appendConnStrVal(&connstr, dbname);
+
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, "-reuse-previous=on ");
+
+		/*
+		 * As long as the name does not contain a newline, SQL identifier
+		 * quoting satisfies the psql meta-command parser.  Prefer not to
+		 * involve psql-interpreted single quotes, which behaved differently
+		 * before PostgreSQL 9.2.
+		 */
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, fmtId(connstr.data));
+
+		termPQExpBuffer(&connstr);
+	}
+	else
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, fmtId(dbname));
+	appendPQExpBufferChar(buf, '\n');
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Deconstruct the text representation of a 1-dimensional Postgres array
+ * into individual items.
+ *
+ * On success, returns true and sets *itemarray and *nitems to describe
+ * an array of individual strings.  On parse failure, returns false;
+ * *itemarray may exist or be NULL.
+ *
+ * NOTE: free'ing itemarray is sufficient to deallocate the working storage.
+ */
+bool
+parsePGArray(const char *atext, char ***itemarray, int *nitems)
+{
+	int			inputlen;
+	char	  **items;
+	char	   *strings;
+	int			curitem;
+
+	/*
+	 * We expect input in the form of "{item,item,item}" where any item is
+	 * either raw data, or surrounded by double quotes (in which case embedded
+	 * characters including backslashes and quotes are backslashed).
+	 *
+	 * We build the result as an array of pointers followed by the actual
+	 * string data, all in one malloc block for convenience of deallocation.
+	 * The worst-case storage need is not more than one pointer and one
+	 * character for each input character (consider "{,,,,,,,,,,}").
+	 */
+	*itemarray = NULL;
+	*nitems = 0;
+	inputlen = strlen(atext);
+	if (inputlen < 2 || atext[0] != '{' || atext[inputlen - 1] != '}')
+		return false;			/* bad input */
+	items = (char **) malloc(inputlen * (sizeof(char *) + sizeof(char)));
+	if (items == NULL)
+		return false;			/* out of memory */
+	*itemarray = items;
+	strings = (char *) (items + inputlen);
+
+	atext++;					/* advance over initial '{' */
+	curitem = 0;
+	while (*atext != '}')
+	{
+		if (*atext == '\0')
+			return false;		/* premature end of string */
+		items[curitem] = strings;
+		while (*atext != '}' && *atext != ',')
+		{
+			if (*atext == '\0')
+				return false;	/* premature end of string */
+			if (*atext != '"')
+				*strings++ = *atext++;	/* copy unquoted data */
+			else
+			{
+				/* process quoted substring */
+				atext++;
+				while (*atext != '"')
+				{
+					if (*atext == '\0')
+						return false;	/* premature end of string */
+					if (*atext == '\\')
+					{
+						atext++;
+						if (*atext == '\0')
+							return false;	/* premature end of string */
+					}
+					*strings++ = *atext++;	/* copy quoted data */
+				}
+				atext++;
+			}
+		}
+		*strings++ = '\0';
+		if (*atext == ',')
+			atext++;
+		curitem++;
+	}
+	if (atext[1] != '\0')
+		return false;			/* bogus syntax (embedded '}') */
+	*nitems = curitem;
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Append one element to the text representation of a 1-dimensional Postgres
+ * array.
+ *
+ * The caller must provide the initial '{' and closing '}' of the array.
+ * This function handles all else, including insertion of commas and
+ * quoting of values.
+ *
+ * We assume that typdelim is ','.
+ */
+void
+appendPGArray(PQExpBuffer buffer, const char *value)
+{
+	bool		needquote;
+	const char *tmp;
+
+	if (buffer->data[buffer->len - 1] != '{')
+		appendPQExpBufferChar(buffer, ',');
+
+	/* Decide if we need quotes; this should match array_out()'s choices. */
+	if (value[0] == '\0')
+		needquote = true;		/* force quotes for empty string */
+	else if (pg_strcasecmp(value, "NULL") == 0)
+		needquote = true;		/* force quotes for literal NULL */
+	else
+		needquote = false;
+
+	if (!needquote)
+	{
+		for (tmp = value; *tmp; tmp++)
+		{
+			char		ch = *tmp;
+
+			if (ch == '"' || ch == '\\' ||
+				ch == '{' || ch == '}' || ch == ',' ||
+			/* these match array_isspace(): */
+				ch == ' ' || ch == '\t' || ch == '\n' ||
+				ch == '\r' || ch == '\v' || ch == '\f')
+			{
+				needquote = true;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (needquote)
+	{
+		appendPQExpBufferChar(buffer, '"');
+		for (tmp = value; *tmp; tmp++)
+		{
+			char		ch = *tmp;
+
+			if (ch == '"' || ch == '\\')
+				appendPQExpBufferChar(buffer, '\\');
+			appendPQExpBufferChar(buffer, ch);
+		}
+		appendPQExpBufferChar(buffer, '"');
+	}
+	else
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(buffer, value);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Format a reloptions array and append it to the given buffer.
+ *
+ * "prefix" is prepended to the option names; typically it's "" or "toast.".
+ *
+ * Returns false if the reloptions array could not be parsed (in which case
+ * nothing will have been appended to the buffer), or true on success.
+ *
+ * Note: this logic should generally match the backend's flatten_reloptions()
+ * (in adt/ruleutils.c).
+ */
+bool
+appendReloptionsArray(PQExpBuffer buffer, const char *reloptions,
+					  const char *prefix, int encoding, bool std_strings)
+{
+	char	  **options;
+	int			noptions;
+	int			i;
+
+	if (!parsePGArray(reloptions, &options, &noptions))
+	{
+		if (options)
+			free(options);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < noptions; i++)
+	{
+		char	   *option = options[i];
+		char	   *name;
+		char	   *separator;
+		char	   *value;
+
+		/*
+		 * Each array element should have the form name=value.  If the "=" is
+		 * missing for some reason, treat it like an empty value.
+		 */
+		name = option;
+		separator = strchr(option, '=');
+		if (separator)
+		{
+			*separator = '\0';
+			value = separator + 1;
+		}
+		else
+			value = "";
+
+		if (i > 0)
+			appendPQExpBufferStr(buffer, ", ");
+		appendPQExpBuffer(buffer, "%s%s=", prefix, fmtId(name));
+
+		/*
+		 * In general we need to quote the value; but to avoid unnecessary
+		 * clutter, do not quote if it is an identifier that would not need
+		 * quoting.  (We could also allow numbers, but that is a bit trickier
+		 * than it looks --- for example, are leading zeroes significant?  We
+		 * don't want to assume very much here about what custom reloptions
+		 * might mean.)
+		 */
+		if (strcmp(fmtId(value), value) == 0)
+			appendPQExpBufferStr(buffer, value);
+		else
+			appendStringLiteral(buffer, value, encoding, std_strings);
+	}
+
+	if (options)
+		free(options);
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * processSQLNamePattern
+ *
+ * Scan a wildcard-pattern string and generate appropriate WHERE clauses
+ * to limit the set of objects returned.  The WHERE clauses are appended
+ * to the already-partially-constructed query in buf.  Returns whether
+ * any clause was added.
+ *
+ * conn: connection query will be sent to (consulted for escaping rules).
+ * buf: output parameter.
+ * pattern: user-specified pattern option, or NULL if none ("*" is implied).
+ * have_where: true if caller already emitted "WHERE" (clauses will be ANDed
+ * onto the existing WHERE clause).
+ * force_escape: always quote regexp special characters, even outside
+ * double quotes (else they are quoted only between double quotes).
+ * schemavar: name of query variable to match against a schema-name pattern.
+ * Can be NULL if no schema.
+ * namevar: name of query variable to match against an object-name pattern.
+ * altnamevar: NULL, or name of an alternative variable to match against name.
+ * visibilityrule: clause to use if we want to restrict to visible objects
+ * (for example, "pg_catalog.pg_table_is_visible(p.oid)").  Can be NULL.
+ * dbnamebuf: output parameter receiving the database name portion of the
+ * pattern, if any.  Can be NULL.
+ * dotcnt: how many separators were parsed from the pattern, by reference.
+ *
+ * Formatting note: the text already present in buf should end with a newline.
+ * The appended text, if any, will end with one too.
+ */
+bool
+processSQLNamePattern(PGconn *conn, PQExpBuffer buf, const char *pattern,
+					  bool have_where, bool force_escape,
+					  const char *schemavar, const char *namevar,
+					  const char *altnamevar, const char *visibilityrule,
+					  PQExpBuffer dbnamebuf, int *dotcnt)
+{
+	PQExpBufferData schemabuf;
+	PQExpBufferData namebuf;
+	bool		added_clause = false;
+	int			dcnt;
+
+#define WHEREAND() \
+	(appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, have_where ? "  AND " : "WHERE "), \
+	 have_where = true, added_clause = true)
+
+	if (dotcnt == NULL)
+		dotcnt = &dcnt;
+	*dotcnt = 0;
+	if (pattern == NULL)
+	{
+		/* Default: select all visible objects */
+		if (visibilityrule)
+		{
+			WHEREAND();
+			appendPQExpBuffer(buf, "%s\n", visibilityrule);
+		}
+		return added_clause;
+	}
+
+	initPQExpBuffer(&schemabuf);
+	initPQExpBuffer(&namebuf);
+
+	/*
+	 * Convert shell-style 'pattern' into the regular expression(s) we want to
+	 * execute.  Quoting/escaping into SQL literal format will be done below
+	 * using appendStringLiteralConn().
+	 *
+	 * If the caller provided a schemavar, we want to split the pattern on
+	 * ".", otherwise not.
+	 */
+	patternToSQLRegex(PQclientEncoding(conn),
+					  (schemavar ? dbnamebuf : NULL),
+					  (schemavar ? &schemabuf : NULL),
+					  &namebuf,
+					  pattern, force_escape, true, dotcnt);
+
+	/*
+	 * Now decide what we need to emit.  We may run under a hostile
+	 * search_path, so qualify EVERY name.  Note there will be a leading "^("
+	 * in the patterns in any case.
+	 *
+	 * We want the regex matches to use the database's default collation where
+	 * collation-sensitive behavior is required (for example, which characters
+	 * match '\w').  That happened by default before PG v12, but if the server
+	 * is >= v12 then we need to force it through explicit COLLATE clauses,
+	 * otherwise the "C" collation attached to "name" catalog columns wins.
+	 */
+	if (namevar && namebuf.len > 2)
+	{
+		/* We have a name pattern, so constrain the namevar(s) */
+
+		/* Optimize away a "*" pattern */
+		if (strcmp(namebuf.data, "^(.*)$") != 0)
+		{
+			WHEREAND();
+			if (altnamevar)
+			{
+				appendPQExpBuffer(buf,
+								  "(%s OPERATOR(pg_catalog.~) ", namevar);
+				appendStringLiteralConn(buf, namebuf.data, conn);
+				if (PQserverVersion(conn) >= 120000)
+					appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, " COLLATE pg_catalog.default");
+				appendPQExpBuffer(buf,
+								  "\n        OR %s OPERATOR(pg_catalog.~) ",
+								  altnamevar);
+				appendStringLiteralConn(buf, namebuf.data, conn);
+				if (PQserverVersion(conn) >= 120000)
+					appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, " COLLATE pg_catalog.default");
+				appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, ")\n");
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				appendPQExpBuffer(buf, "%s OPERATOR(pg_catalog.~) ", namevar);
+				appendStringLiteralConn(buf, namebuf.data, conn);
+				if (PQserverVersion(conn) >= 120000)
+					appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, " COLLATE pg_catalog.default");
+				appendPQExpBufferChar(buf, '\n');
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (schemavar && schemabuf.len > 2)
+	{
+		/* We have a schema pattern, so constrain the schemavar */
+
+		/* Optimize away a "*" pattern */
+		if (strcmp(schemabuf.data, "^(.*)$") != 0 && schemavar)
+		{
+			WHEREAND();
+			appendPQExpBuffer(buf, "%s OPERATOR(pg_catalog.~) ", schemavar);
+			appendStringLiteralConn(buf, schemabuf.data, conn);
+			if (PQserverVersion(conn) >= 120000)
+				appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, " COLLATE pg_catalog.default");
+			appendPQExpBufferChar(buf, '\n');
+		}
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		/* No schema pattern given, so select only visible objects */
+		if (visibilityrule)
+		{
+			WHEREAND();
+			appendPQExpBuffer(buf, "%s\n", visibilityrule);
+		}
+	}
+
+	termPQExpBuffer(&schemabuf);
+	termPQExpBuffer(&namebuf);
+
+	return added_clause;
+#undef WHEREAND
+}
+
+/*
+ * Transform a possibly qualified shell-style object name pattern into up to
+ * three SQL-style regular expressions, converting quotes, lower-casing
+ * unquoted letters, and adjusting shell-style wildcard characters into regexp
+ * notation.
+ *
+ * If the dbnamebuf and schemabuf arguments are non-NULL, and the pattern
+ * contains two or more dbname/schema/name separators, we parse the portions of
+ * the pattern prior to the first and second separators into dbnamebuf and
+ * schemabuf, and the rest into namebuf.
+ *
+ * If dbnamebuf is NULL and schemabuf is non-NULL, and the pattern contains at
+ * least one separator, we parse the first portion into schemabuf and the rest
+ * into namebuf.
+ *
+ * Otherwise, we parse all the pattern into namebuf.
+ *
+ * If the pattern contains more dotted parts than buffers to parse into, the
+ * extra dots will be treated as literal characters and written into the
+ * namebuf, though they will be counted.  Callers should always check the value
+ * returned by reference in dotcnt and handle this error case appropriately.
+ *
+ * We surround the regexps with "^(...)$" to force them to match whole strings,
+ * as per SQL practice.  We have to have parens in case strings contain "|",
+ * else the "^" and "$" will be bound into the first and last alternatives
+ * which is not what we want.  Whether this is done for dbnamebuf is controlled
+ * by the want_literal_dbname parameter.
+ *
+ * The regexps we parse into the buffers are appended to the data (if any)
+ * already present.  If we parse fewer fields than the number of buffers we
+ * were given, the extra buffers are unaltered.
+ *
+ * encoding: the character encoding for the given pattern
+ * dbnamebuf: output parameter receiving the database name portion of the
+ * pattern, if any.  Can be NULL.
+ * schemabuf: output parameter receiving the schema name portion of the
+ * pattern, if any.  Can be NULL.
+ * namebuf: output parameter receiving the database name portion of the
+ * pattern, if any.  Can be NULL.
+ * pattern: user-specified pattern option, or NULL if none ("*" is implied).
+ * force_escape: always quote regexp special characters, even outside
+ * double quotes (else they are quoted only between double quotes).
+ * want_literal_dbname: if true, regexp special characters within the database
+ * name portion of the pattern will not be escaped, nor will the dbname be
+ * converted into a regular expression.
+ * dotcnt: output parameter receiving the number of separators parsed from the
+ * pattern.
+ */
+void
+patternToSQLRegex(int encoding, PQExpBuffer dbnamebuf, PQExpBuffer schemabuf,
+				  PQExpBuffer namebuf, const char *pattern, bool force_escape,
+				  bool want_literal_dbname, int *dotcnt)
+{
+	PQExpBufferData buf[3];
+	PQExpBufferData left_literal;
+	PQExpBuffer curbuf;
+	PQExpBuffer maxbuf;
+	int			i;
+	bool		inquotes;
+	bool		left;
+	const char *cp;
+
+	Assert(pattern != NULL);
+	Assert(namebuf != NULL);
+
+	/* callers should never expect "dbname.relname" format */
+	Assert(dbnamebuf == NULL || schemabuf != NULL);
+	Assert(dotcnt != NULL);
+
+	*dotcnt = 0;
+	inquotes = false;
+	cp = pattern;
+
+	if (dbnamebuf != NULL)
+		maxbuf = &buf[2];
+	else if (schemabuf != NULL)
+		maxbuf = &buf[1];
+	else
+		maxbuf = &buf[0];
+
+	curbuf = &buf[0];
+	if (want_literal_dbname)
+	{
+		left = true;
+		initPQExpBuffer(&left_literal);
+	}
+	else
+		left = false;
+	initPQExpBuffer(curbuf);
+	appendPQExpBufferStr(curbuf, "^(");
+	while (*cp)
+	{
+		char		ch = *cp;
+
+		if (ch == '"')
+		{
+			if (inquotes && cp[1] == '"')
+			{
+				/* emit one quote, stay in inquotes mode */
+				appendPQExpBufferChar(curbuf, '"');
+				if (left)
+					appendPQExpBufferChar(&left_literal, '"');
+				cp++;
+			}
+			else
+				inquotes = !inquotes;
+			cp++;
+		}
+		else if (!inquotes && isupper((unsigned char) ch))
+		{
+			appendPQExpBufferChar(curbuf,
+								  pg_tolower((unsigned char) ch));
+			if (left)
+				appendPQExpBufferChar(&left_literal,
+									  pg_tolower((unsigned char) ch));
+			cp++;
+		}
+		else if (!inquotes && ch == '*')
+		{
+			appendPQExpBufferStr(curbuf, ".*");
+			if (left)
+				appendPQExpBufferChar(&left_literal, '*');
+			cp++;
+		}
+		else if (!inquotes && ch == '?')
+		{
+			appendPQExpBufferChar(curbuf, '.');
+			if (left)
+				appendPQExpBufferChar(&left_literal, '?');
+			cp++;
+		}
+		else if (!inquotes && ch == '.')
+		{
+			left = false;
+			if (dotcnt)
+				(*dotcnt)++;
+			if (curbuf < maxbuf)
+			{
+				appendPQExpBufferStr(curbuf, ")$");
+				curbuf++;
+				initPQExpBuffer(curbuf);
+				appendPQExpBufferStr(curbuf, "^(");
+				cp++;
+			}
+			else
+				appendPQExpBufferChar(curbuf, *cp++);
+		}
+		else if (ch == '$')
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Dollar is always quoted, whether inside quotes or not. The
+			 * reason is that it's allowed in SQL identifiers, so there's a
+			 * significant use-case for treating it literally, while because
+			 * we anchor the pattern automatically there is no use-case for
+			 * having it possess its regexp meaning.
+			 */
+			appendPQExpBufferStr(curbuf, "\\$");
+			if (left)
+				appendPQExpBufferChar(&left_literal, '$');
+			cp++;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Ordinary data character, transfer to pattern
+			 *
+			 * Inside double quotes, or at all times if force_escape is true,
+			 * quote regexp special characters with a backslash to avoid
+			 * regexp errors.  Outside quotes, however, let them pass through
+			 * as-is; this lets knowledgeable users build regexp expressions
+			 * that are more powerful than shell-style patterns.
+			 *
+			 * As an exception to that, though, always quote "[]", as that's
+			 * much more likely to be an attempt to write an array type name
+			 * than it is to be the start of a regexp bracket expression.
+			 */
+			if ((inquotes || force_escape) &&
+				strchr("|*+?()[]{}.^$\\", ch))
+				appendPQExpBufferChar(curbuf, '\\');
+			else if (ch == '[' && cp[1] == ']')
+				appendPQExpBufferChar(curbuf, '\\');
+			i = PQmblenBounded(cp, encoding);
+			while (i--)
+			{
+				if (left)
+					appendPQExpBufferChar(&left_literal, *cp);
+				appendPQExpBufferChar(curbuf, *cp++);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	appendPQExpBufferStr(curbuf, ")$");
+
+	if (namebuf)
+	{
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(namebuf, curbuf->data);
+		termPQExpBuffer(curbuf);
+		curbuf--;
+	}
+
+	if (schemabuf && curbuf >= buf)
+	{
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(schemabuf, curbuf->data);
+		termPQExpBuffer(curbuf);
+		curbuf--;
+	}
+
+	if (dbnamebuf && curbuf >= buf)
+	{
+		if (want_literal_dbname)
+			appendPQExpBufferStr(dbnamebuf, left_literal.data);
+		else
+			appendPQExpBufferStr(dbnamebuf, curbuf->data);
+		termPQExpBuffer(curbuf);
+	}
+
+	if (want_literal_dbname)
+		termPQExpBuffer(&left_literal);
+}