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+/*
+ * This is a port of the Double Metaphone algorithm for use in PostgreSQL.
+ *
+ * contrib/fuzzystrmatch/dmetaphone.c
+ *
+ * Double Metaphone computes 2 "sounds like" strings - a primary and an
+ * alternate. In most cases they are the same, but for foreign names
+ * especially they can be a bit different, depending on pronunciation.
+ *
+ * Information on using Double Metaphone can be found at
+ * http://www.codeproject.com/string/dmetaphone1.asp
+ * and the original article describing it can be found at
+ * http://drdobbs.com/184401251
+ *
+ * For PostgreSQL we provide 2 functions - one for the primary and one for
+ * the alternate. That way the functions are pure text->text mappings that
+ * are useful in functional indexes. These are 'dmetaphone' for the
+ * primary and 'dmetaphone_alt' for the alternate.
+ *
+ * Assuming that dmetaphone.so is in $libdir, the SQL to set up the
+ * functions looks like this:
+ *
+ * CREATE FUNCTION dmetaphone (text) RETURNS text
+ * LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT
+ * AS '$libdir/dmetaphone', 'dmetaphone';
+ *
+ * CREATE FUNCTION dmetaphone_alt (text) RETURNS text
+ * LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT
+ * AS '$libdir/dmetaphone', 'dmetaphone_alt';
+ *
+ * Note that you have to declare the functions IMMUTABLE if you want to
+ * use them in functional indexes, and you have to declare them as STRICT
+ * as they do not check for NULL input, and will segfault if given NULL input.
+ * (See below for alternative ) Declaring them as STRICT means PostgreSQL
+ * will never call them with NULL, but instead assume the result is NULL,
+ * which is what we (I) want.
+ *
+ * Alternatively, compile with -DDMETAPHONE_NOSTRICT and the functions
+ * will detect NULL input and return NULL. The you don't have to declare them
+ * as STRICT.
+ *
+ * There is a small inefficiency here - each function call actually computes
+ * both the primary and the alternate and then throws away the one it doesn't
+ * need. That's the way the perl module was written, because perl can handle
+ * a list return more easily than we can in PostgreSQL. The result has been
+ * fast enough for my needs, but it could maybe be optimized a bit to remove
+ * that behaviour.
+ *
+ */
+
+
+/***************************** COPYRIGHT NOTICES ***********************
+
+Most of this code is directly from the Text::DoubleMetaphone perl module
+version 0.05 available from https://www.cpan.org/.
+It bears this copyright notice:
+
+
+ Copyright 2000, Maurice Aubrey <maurice@hevanet.com>.
+ All rights reserved.
+
+ This code is based heavily on the C++ implementation by
+ Lawrence Philips and incorporates several bug fixes courtesy
+ of Kevin Atkinson <kevina@users.sourceforge.net>.
+
+ This module is free software; you may redistribute it and/or
+ modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
+
+The remaining code is authored by Andrew Dunstan <amdunstan@ncshp.org> and
+<andrew@dunslane.net> and is covered this copyright:
+
+ Copyright 2003, North Carolina State Highway Patrol.
+ All rights reserved.
+
+ Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
+ documentation for any purpose, without fee, and without a written agreement
+ is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and this
+ paragraph and the following two paragraphs appear in all copies.
+
+ IN NO EVENT SHALL THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE HIGHWAY PATROL BE LIABLE TO ANY
+ PARTY FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES,
+ INCLUDING LOST PROFITS, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS
+ DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE HIGHWAY PATROL HAS BEEN
+ ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+ THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE HIGHWAY PATROL SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY
+ WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED
+ HEREUNDER IS ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE HIGHWAY PATROL
+ HAS NO OBLIGATIONS TO PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR
+ MODIFICATIONS.
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+
+/* include these first, according to the docs */
+#ifndef DMETAPHONE_MAIN
+
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
+
+/* turn off assertions for embedded function */
+#define NDEBUG
+
+#else /* DMETAPHONE_MAIN */
+
+/* we need these if we didn't get them from postgres.h */
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+
+#endif /* DMETAPHONE_MAIN */
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+
+/* prototype for the main function we got from the perl module */
+static void DoubleMetaphone(char *, char **);
+
+#ifndef DMETAPHONE_MAIN
+
+/*
+ * The PostgreSQL visible dmetaphone function.
+ */
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(dmetaphone);
+
+Datum
+dmetaphone(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+ text *arg;
+ char *aptr,
+ *codes[2],
+ *code;
+
+#ifdef DMETAPHONE_NOSTRICT
+ if (PG_ARGISNULL(0))
+ PG_RETURN_NULL();
+#endif
+ arg = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
+ aptr = text_to_cstring(arg);
+
+ DoubleMetaphone(aptr, codes);
+ code = codes[0];
+ if (!code)
+ code = "";
+
+ PG_RETURN_TEXT_P(cstring_to_text(code));
+}
+
+/*
+ * The PostgreSQL visible dmetaphone_alt function.
+ */
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(dmetaphone_alt);
+
+Datum
+dmetaphone_alt(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+ text *arg;
+ char *aptr,
+ *codes[2],
+ *code;
+
+#ifdef DMETAPHONE_NOSTRICT
+ if (PG_ARGISNULL(0))
+ PG_RETURN_NULL();
+#endif
+ arg = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
+ aptr = text_to_cstring(arg);
+
+ DoubleMetaphone(aptr, codes);
+ code = codes[1];
+ if (!code)
+ code = "";
+
+ PG_RETURN_TEXT_P(cstring_to_text(code));
+}
+
+
+/* here is where we start the code imported from the perl module */
+
+/* all memory handling is done with these macros */
+
+#define META_MALLOC(v,n,t) \
+ (v = (t*)palloc(((n)*sizeof(t))))
+
+#define META_REALLOC(v,n,t) \
+ (v = (t*)repalloc((v),((n)*sizeof(t))))
+
+/*
+ * Don't do pfree - it seems to cause a SIGSEGV sometimes - which might have just
+ * been caused by reloading the module in development.
+ * So we rely on context cleanup - Tom Lane says pfree shouldn't be necessary
+ * in a case like this.
+ */
+
+#define META_FREE(x) ((void)true) /* pfree((x)) */
+#else /* not defined DMETAPHONE_MAIN */
+
+/* use the standard malloc library when not running in PostgreSQL */
+
+#define META_MALLOC(v,n,t) \
+ (v = (t*)malloc(((n)*sizeof(t))))
+
+#define META_REALLOC(v,n,t) \
+ (v = (t*)realloc((v),((n)*sizeof(t))))
+
+#define META_FREE(x) free((x))
+#endif /* defined DMETAPHONE_MAIN */
+
+
+
+/* this typedef was originally in the perl module's .h file */
+
+typedef struct
+{
+ char *str;
+ int length;
+ int bufsize;
+ int free_string_on_destroy;
+}
+
+metastring;
+
+/*
+ * remaining perl module funcs unchanged except for declaring them static
+ * and reformatting to PostgreSQL indentation and to fit in 80 cols.
+ *
+ */
+
+static metastring *
+NewMetaString(const char *init_str)
+{
+ metastring *s;
+ char empty_string[] = "";
+
+ META_MALLOC(s, 1, metastring);
+ assert(s != NULL);
+
+ if (init_str == NULL)
+ init_str = empty_string;
+ s->length = strlen(init_str);
+ /* preallocate a bit more for potential growth */
+ s->bufsize = s->length + 7;
+
+ META_MALLOC(s->str, s->bufsize, char);
+ assert(s->str != NULL);
+
+ memcpy(s->str, init_str, s->length + 1);
+ s->free_string_on_destroy = 1;
+
+ return s;
+}
+
+
+static void
+DestroyMetaString(metastring *s)
+{
+ if (s == NULL)
+ return;
+
+ if (s->free_string_on_destroy && (s->str != NULL))
+ META_FREE(s->str);
+
+ META_FREE(s);
+}
+
+
+static void
+IncreaseBuffer(metastring *s, int chars_needed)
+{
+ META_REALLOC(s->str, (s->bufsize + chars_needed + 10), char);
+ assert(s->str != NULL);
+ s->bufsize = s->bufsize + chars_needed + 10;
+}
+
+
+static void
+MakeUpper(metastring *s)
+{
+ char *i;
+
+ for (i = s->str; *i; i++)
+ *i = toupper((unsigned char) *i);
+}
+
+
+static int
+IsVowel(metastring *s, int pos)
+{
+ char c;
+
+ if ((pos < 0) || (pos >= s->length))
+ return 0;
+
+ c = *(s->str + pos);
+ if ((c == 'A') || (c == 'E') || (c == 'I') || (c == 'O') ||
+ (c == 'U') || (c == 'Y'))
+ return 1;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int
+SlavoGermanic(metastring *s)
+{
+ if ((char *) strstr(s->str, "W"))
+ return 1;
+ else if ((char *) strstr(s->str, "K"))
+ return 1;
+ else if ((char *) strstr(s->str, "CZ"))
+ return 1;
+ else if ((char *) strstr(s->str, "WITZ"))
+ return 1;
+ else
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static char
+GetAt(metastring *s, int pos)
+{
+ if ((pos < 0) || (pos >= s->length))
+ return '\0';
+
+ return ((char) *(s->str + pos));
+}
+
+
+static void
+SetAt(metastring *s, int pos, char c)
+{
+ if ((pos < 0) || (pos >= s->length))
+ return;
+
+ *(s->str + pos) = c;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ Caveats: the START value is 0 based
+*/
+static int
+StringAt(metastring *s, int start, int length,...)
+{
+ char *test;
+ char *pos;
+ va_list ap;
+
+ if ((start < 0) || (start >= s->length))
+ return 0;
+
+ pos = (s->str + start);
+ va_start(ap, length);
+
+ do
+ {
+ test = va_arg(ap, char *);
+ if (*test && (strncmp(pos, test, length) == 0))
+ {
+ va_end(ap);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ }
+ while (strcmp(test, "") != 0);
+
+ va_end(ap);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static void
+MetaphAdd(metastring *s, const char *new_str)
+{
+ int add_length;
+
+ if (new_str == NULL)
+ return;
+
+ add_length = strlen(new_str);
+ if ((s->length + add_length) > (s->bufsize - 1))
+ IncreaseBuffer(s, add_length);
+
+ strcat(s->str, new_str);
+ s->length += add_length;
+}
+
+
+static void
+DoubleMetaphone(char *str, char **codes)
+{
+ int length;
+ metastring *original;
+ metastring *primary;
+ metastring *secondary;
+ int current;
+ int last;
+
+ current = 0;
+ /* we need the real length and last prior to padding */
+ length = strlen(str);
+ last = length - 1;
+ original = NewMetaString(str);
+ /* Pad original so we can index beyond end */
+ MetaphAdd(original, " ");
+
+ primary = NewMetaString("");
+ secondary = NewMetaString("");
+ primary->free_string_on_destroy = 0;
+ secondary->free_string_on_destroy = 0;
+
+ MakeUpper(original);
+
+ /* skip these when at start of word */
+ if (StringAt(original, 0, 2, "GN", "KN", "PN", "WR", "PS", ""))
+ current += 1;
+
+ /* Initial 'X' is pronounced 'Z' e.g. 'Xavier' */
+ if (GetAt(original, 0) == 'X')
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "S"); /* 'Z' maps to 'S' */
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "S");
+ current += 1;
+ }
+
+ /* main loop */
+ while ((primary->length < 4) || (secondary->length < 4))
+ {
+ if (current >= length)
+ break;
+
+ switch (GetAt(original, current))
+ {
+ case 'A':
+ case 'E':
+ case 'I':
+ case 'O':
+ case 'U':
+ case 'Y':
+ if (current == 0)
+ {
+ /* all init vowels now map to 'A' */
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "A");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "A");
+ }
+ current += 1;
+ break;
+
+ case 'B':
+
+ /* "-mb", e.g", "dumb", already skipped over... */
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "P");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "P");
+
+ if (GetAt(original, current + 1) == 'B')
+ current += 2;
+ else
+ current += 1;
+ break;
+
+ case '\xc7': /* C with cedilla */
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "S");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "S");
+ current += 1;
+ break;
+
+ case 'C':
+ /* various germanic */
+ if ((current > 1)
+ && !IsVowel(original, current - 2)
+ && StringAt(original, (current - 1), 3, "ACH", "")
+ && ((GetAt(original, current + 2) != 'I')
+ && ((GetAt(original, current + 2) != 'E')
+ || StringAt(original, (current - 2), 6, "BACHER",
+ "MACHER", ""))))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "K");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "K");
+ current += 2;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /* special case 'caesar' */
+ if ((current == 0)
+ && StringAt(original, current, 6, "CAESAR", ""))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "S");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "S");
+ current += 2;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /* italian 'chianti' */
+ if (StringAt(original, current, 4, "CHIA", ""))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "K");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "K");
+ current += 2;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (StringAt(original, current, 2, "CH", ""))
+ {
+ /* find 'michael' */
+ if ((current > 0)
+ && StringAt(original, current, 4, "CHAE", ""))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "K");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "X");
+ current += 2;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /* greek roots e.g. 'chemistry', 'chorus' */
+ if ((current == 0)
+ && (StringAt(original, (current + 1), 5,
+ "HARAC", "HARIS", "")
+ || StringAt(original, (current + 1), 3, "HOR",
+ "HYM", "HIA", "HEM", ""))
+ && !StringAt(original, 0, 5, "CHORE", ""))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "K");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "K");
+ current += 2;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /* germanic, greek, or otherwise 'ch' for 'kh' sound */
+ if ((StringAt(original, 0, 4, "VAN ", "VON ", "")
+ || StringAt(original, 0, 3, "SCH", ""))
+ /* 'architect but not 'arch', 'orchestra', 'orchid' */
+ || StringAt(original, (current - 2), 6, "ORCHES",
+ "ARCHIT", "ORCHID", "")
+ || StringAt(original, (current + 2), 1, "T", "S",
+ "")
+ || ((StringAt(original, (current - 1), 1,
+ "A", "O", "U", "E", "")
+ || (current == 0))
+
+ /*
+ * e.g., 'wachtler', 'wechsler', but not 'tichner'
+ */
+ && StringAt(original, (current + 2), 1, "L", "R",
+ "N", "M", "B", "H", "F", "V", "W",
+ " ", "")))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "K");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "K");
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ if (current > 0)
+ {
+ if (StringAt(original, 0, 2, "MC", ""))
+ {
+ /* e.g., "McHugh" */
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "K");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "K");
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "X");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "K");
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "X");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "X");
+ }
+ }
+ current += 2;
+ break;
+ }
+ /* e.g, 'czerny' */
+ if (StringAt(original, current, 2, "CZ", "")
+ && !StringAt(original, (current - 2), 4, "WICZ", ""))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "S");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "X");
+ current += 2;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /* e.g., 'focaccia' */
+ if (StringAt(original, (current + 1), 3, "CIA", ""))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "X");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "X");
+ current += 3;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /* double 'C', but not if e.g. 'McClellan' */
+ if (StringAt(original, current, 2, "CC", "")
+ && !((current == 1) && (GetAt(original, 0) == 'M')))
+ {
+ /* 'bellocchio' but not 'bacchus' */
+ if (StringAt(original, (current + 2), 1, "I", "E", "H", "")
+ && !StringAt(original, (current + 2), 2, "HU", ""))
+ {
+ /* 'accident', 'accede' 'succeed' */
+ if (((current == 1)
+ && (GetAt(original, current - 1) == 'A'))
+ || StringAt(original, (current - 1), 5, "UCCEE",
+ "UCCES", ""))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "KS");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "KS");
+ /* 'bacci', 'bertucci', other italian */
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "X");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "X");
+ }
+ current += 3;
+ break;
+ }
+ else
+ { /* Pierce's rule */
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "K");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "K");
+ current += 2;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (StringAt(original, current, 2, "CK", "CG", "CQ", ""))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "K");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "K");
+ current += 2;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (StringAt(original, current, 2, "CI", "CE", "CY", ""))
+ {
+ /* italian vs. english */
+ if (StringAt
+ (original, current, 3, "CIO", "CIE", "CIA", ""))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "S");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "X");
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "S");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "S");
+ }
+ current += 2;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /* else */
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "K");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "K");
+
+ /* name sent in 'mac caffrey', 'mac gregor */
+ if (StringAt(original, (current + 1), 2, " C", " Q", " G", ""))
+ current += 3;
+ else if (StringAt(original, (current + 1), 1, "C", "K", "Q", "")
+ && !StringAt(original, (current + 1), 2,
+ "CE", "CI", ""))
+ current += 2;
+ else
+ current += 1;
+ break;
+
+ case 'D':
+ if (StringAt(original, current, 2, "DG", ""))
+ {
+ if (StringAt(original, (current + 2), 1,
+ "I", "E", "Y", ""))
+ {
+ /* e.g. 'edge' */
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "J");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "J");
+ current += 3;
+ break;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* e.g. 'edgar' */
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "TK");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "TK");
+ current += 2;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (StringAt(original, current, 2, "DT", "DD", ""))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "T");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "T");
+ current += 2;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /* else */
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "T");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "T");
+ current += 1;
+ break;
+
+ case 'F':
+ if (GetAt(original, current + 1) == 'F')
+ current += 2;
+ else
+ current += 1;
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "F");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "F");
+ break;
+
+ case 'G':
+ if (GetAt(original, current + 1) == 'H')
+ {
+ if ((current > 0) && !IsVowel(original, current - 1))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "K");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "K");
+ current += 2;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (current < 3)
+ {
+ /* 'ghislane', ghiradelli */
+ if (current == 0)
+ {
+ if (GetAt(original, current + 2) == 'I')
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "J");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "J");
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "K");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "K");
+ }
+ current += 2;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Parker's rule (with some further refinements) - e.g.,
+ * 'hugh'
+ */
+ if (((current > 1)
+ && StringAt(original, (current - 2), 1,
+ "B", "H", "D", ""))
+ /* e.g., 'bough' */
+ || ((current > 2)
+ && StringAt(original, (current - 3), 1,
+ "B", "H", "D", ""))
+ /* e.g., 'broughton' */
+ || ((current > 3)
+ && StringAt(original, (current - 4), 1,
+ "B", "H", "")))
+ {
+ current += 2;
+ break;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * e.g., 'laugh', 'McLaughlin', 'cough', 'gough',
+ * 'rough', 'tough'
+ */
+ if ((current > 2)
+ && (GetAt(original, current - 1) == 'U')
+ && StringAt(original, (current - 3), 1, "C",
+ "G", "L", "R", "T", ""))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "F");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "F");
+ }
+ else if ((current > 0)
+ && GetAt(original, current - 1) != 'I')
+ {
+
+
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "K");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "K");
+ }
+
+ current += 2;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (GetAt(original, current + 1) == 'N')
+ {
+ if ((current == 1) && IsVowel(original, 0)
+ && !SlavoGermanic(original))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "KN");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "N");
+ }
+ else
+ /* not e.g. 'cagney' */
+ if (!StringAt(original, (current + 2), 2, "EY", "")
+ && (GetAt(original, current + 1) != 'Y')
+ && !SlavoGermanic(original))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "N");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "KN");
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "KN");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "KN");
+ }
+ current += 2;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /* 'tagliaro' */
+ if (StringAt(original, (current + 1), 2, "LI", "")
+ && !SlavoGermanic(original))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "KL");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "L");
+ current += 2;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /* -ges-,-gep-,-gel-, -gie- at beginning */
+ if ((current == 0)
+ && ((GetAt(original, current + 1) == 'Y')
+ || StringAt(original, (current + 1), 2, "ES", "EP",
+ "EB", "EL", "EY", "IB", "IL", "IN", "IE",
+ "EI", "ER", "")))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "K");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "J");
+ current += 2;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /* -ger-, -gy- */
+ if ((StringAt(original, (current + 1), 2, "ER", "")
+ || (GetAt(original, current + 1) == 'Y'))
+ && !StringAt(original, 0, 6,
+ "DANGER", "RANGER", "MANGER", "")
+ && !StringAt(original, (current - 1), 1, "E", "I", "")
+ && !StringAt(original, (current - 1), 3, "RGY", "OGY", ""))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "K");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "J");
+ current += 2;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /* italian e.g, 'biaggi' */
+ if (StringAt(original, (current + 1), 1, "E", "I", "Y", "")
+ || StringAt(original, (current - 1), 4,
+ "AGGI", "OGGI", ""))
+ {
+ /* obvious germanic */
+ if ((StringAt(original, 0, 4, "VAN ", "VON ", "")
+ || StringAt(original, 0, 3, "SCH", ""))
+ || StringAt(original, (current + 1), 2, "ET", ""))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "K");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "K");
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* always soft if french ending */
+ if (StringAt
+ (original, (current + 1), 4, "IER ", ""))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "J");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "J");
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "J");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "K");
+ }
+ }
+ current += 2;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (GetAt(original, current + 1) == 'G')
+ current += 2;
+ else
+ current += 1;
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "K");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "K");
+ break;
+
+ case 'H':
+ /* only keep if first & before vowel or btw. 2 vowels */
+ if (((current == 0) || IsVowel(original, current - 1))
+ && IsVowel(original, current + 1))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "H");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "H");
+ current += 2;
+ }
+ else
+ /* also takes care of 'HH' */
+ current += 1;
+ break;
+
+ case 'J':
+ /* obvious spanish, 'jose', 'san jacinto' */
+ if (StringAt(original, current, 4, "JOSE", "")
+ || StringAt(original, 0, 4, "SAN ", ""))
+ {
+ if (((current == 0)
+ && (GetAt(original, current + 4) == ' '))
+ || StringAt(original, 0, 4, "SAN ", ""))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "H");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "H");
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "J");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "H");
+ }
+ current += 1;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if ((current == 0)
+ && !StringAt(original, current, 4, "JOSE", ""))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "J"); /* Yankelovich/Jankelowicz */
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "A");
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* spanish pron. of e.g. 'bajador' */
+ if (IsVowel(original, current - 1)
+ && !SlavoGermanic(original)
+ && ((GetAt(original, current + 1) == 'A')
+ || (GetAt(original, current + 1) == 'O')))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "J");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "H");
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ if (current == last)
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "J");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "");
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ if (!StringAt(original, (current + 1), 1, "L", "T",
+ "K", "S", "N", "M", "B", "Z", "")
+ && !StringAt(original, (current - 1), 1,
+ "S", "K", "L", ""))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "J");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "J");
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (GetAt(original, current + 1) == 'J') /* it could happen! */
+ current += 2;
+ else
+ current += 1;
+ break;
+
+ case 'K':
+ if (GetAt(original, current + 1) == 'K')
+ current += 2;
+ else
+ current += 1;
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "K");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "K");
+ break;
+
+ case 'L':
+ if (GetAt(original, current + 1) == 'L')
+ {
+ /* spanish e.g. 'cabrillo', 'gallegos' */
+ if (((current == (length - 3))
+ && StringAt(original, (current - 1), 4, "ILLO",
+ "ILLA", "ALLE", ""))
+ || ((StringAt(original, (last - 1), 2, "AS", "OS", "")
+ || StringAt(original, last, 1, "A", "O", ""))
+ && StringAt(original, (current - 1), 4,
+ "ALLE", "")))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "L");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "");
+ current += 2;
+ break;
+ }
+ current += 2;
+ }
+ else
+ current += 1;
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "L");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "L");
+ break;
+
+ case 'M':
+ if ((StringAt(original, (current - 1), 3, "UMB", "")
+ && (((current + 1) == last)
+ || StringAt(original, (current + 2), 2, "ER", "")))
+ /* 'dumb','thumb' */
+ || (GetAt(original, current + 1) == 'M'))
+ current += 2;
+ else
+ current += 1;
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "M");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "M");
+ break;
+
+ case 'N':
+ if (GetAt(original, current + 1) == 'N')
+ current += 2;
+ else
+ current += 1;
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "N");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "N");
+ break;
+
+ case '\xd1': /* N with tilde */
+ current += 1;
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "N");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "N");
+ break;
+
+ case 'P':
+ if (GetAt(original, current + 1) == 'H')
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "F");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "F");
+ current += 2;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /* also account for "campbell", "raspberry" */
+ if (StringAt(original, (current + 1), 1, "P", "B", ""))
+ current += 2;
+ else
+ current += 1;
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "P");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "P");
+ break;
+
+ case 'Q':
+ if (GetAt(original, current + 1) == 'Q')
+ current += 2;
+ else
+ current += 1;
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "K");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "K");
+ break;
+
+ case 'R':
+ /* french e.g. 'rogier', but exclude 'hochmeier' */
+ if ((current == last)
+ && !SlavoGermanic(original)
+ && StringAt(original, (current - 2), 2, "IE", "")
+ && !StringAt(original, (current - 4), 2, "ME", "MA", ""))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "R");
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "R");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "R");
+ }
+
+ if (GetAt(original, current + 1) == 'R')
+ current += 2;
+ else
+ current += 1;
+ break;
+
+ case 'S':
+ /* special cases 'island', 'isle', 'carlisle', 'carlysle' */
+ if (StringAt(original, (current - 1), 3, "ISL", "YSL", ""))
+ {
+ current += 1;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /* special case 'sugar-' */
+ if ((current == 0)
+ && StringAt(original, current, 5, "SUGAR", ""))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "X");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "S");
+ current += 1;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (StringAt(original, current, 2, "SH", ""))
+ {
+ /* germanic */
+ if (StringAt
+ (original, (current + 1), 4, "HEIM", "HOEK", "HOLM",
+ "HOLZ", ""))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "S");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "S");
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "X");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "X");
+ }
+ current += 2;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /* italian & armenian */
+ if (StringAt(original, current, 3, "SIO", "SIA", "")
+ || StringAt(original, current, 4, "SIAN", ""))
+ {
+ if (!SlavoGermanic(original))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "S");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "X");
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "S");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "S");
+ }
+ current += 3;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * german & anglicisations, e.g. 'smith' match 'schmidt',
+ * 'snider' match 'schneider' also, -sz- in slavic language
+ * although in hungarian it is pronounced 's'
+ */
+ if (((current == 0)
+ && StringAt(original, (current + 1), 1,
+ "M", "N", "L", "W", ""))
+ || StringAt(original, (current + 1), 1, "Z", ""))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "S");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "X");
+ if (StringAt(original, (current + 1), 1, "Z", ""))
+ current += 2;
+ else
+ current += 1;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (StringAt(original, current, 2, "SC", ""))
+ {
+ /* Schlesinger's rule */
+ if (GetAt(original, current + 2) == 'H')
+ {
+ /* dutch origin, e.g. 'school', 'schooner' */
+ if (StringAt(original, (current + 3), 2,
+ "OO", "ER", "EN",
+ "UY", "ED", "EM", ""))
+ {
+ /* 'schermerhorn', 'schenker' */
+ if (StringAt(original, (current + 3), 2,
+ "ER", "EN", ""))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "X");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "SK");
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "SK");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "SK");
+ }
+ current += 3;
+ break;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ if ((current == 0) && !IsVowel(original, 3)
+ && (GetAt(original, 3) != 'W'))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "X");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "S");
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "X");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "X");
+ }
+ current += 3;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (StringAt(original, (current + 2), 1,
+ "I", "E", "Y", ""))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "S");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "S");
+ current += 3;
+ break;
+ }
+ /* else */
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "SK");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "SK");
+ current += 3;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /* french e.g. 'resnais', 'artois' */
+ if ((current == last)
+ && StringAt(original, (current - 2), 2, "AI", "OI", ""))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "S");
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "S");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "S");
+ }
+
+ if (StringAt(original, (current + 1), 1, "S", "Z", ""))
+ current += 2;
+ else
+ current += 1;
+ break;
+
+ case 'T':
+ if (StringAt(original, current, 4, "TION", ""))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "X");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "X");
+ current += 3;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (StringAt(original, current, 3, "TIA", "TCH", ""))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "X");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "X");
+ current += 3;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (StringAt(original, current, 2, "TH", "")
+ || StringAt(original, current, 3, "TTH", ""))
+ {
+ /* special case 'thomas', 'thames' or germanic */
+ if (StringAt(original, (current + 2), 2, "OM", "AM", "")
+ || StringAt(original, 0, 4, "VAN ", "VON ", "")
+ || StringAt(original, 0, 3, "SCH", ""))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "T");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "T");
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "0");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "T");
+ }
+ current += 2;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (StringAt(original, (current + 1), 1, "T", "D", ""))
+ current += 2;
+ else
+ current += 1;
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "T");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "T");
+ break;
+
+ case 'V':
+ if (GetAt(original, current + 1) == 'V')
+ current += 2;
+ else
+ current += 1;
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "F");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "F");
+ break;
+
+ case 'W':
+ /* can also be in middle of word */
+ if (StringAt(original, current, 2, "WR", ""))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "R");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "R");
+ current += 2;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if ((current == 0)
+ && (IsVowel(original, current + 1)
+ || StringAt(original, current, 2, "WH", "")))
+ {
+ /* Wasserman should match Vasserman */
+ if (IsVowel(original, current + 1))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "A");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "F");
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* need Uomo to match Womo */
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "A");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "A");
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* Arnow should match Arnoff */
+ if (((current == last) && IsVowel(original, current - 1))
+ || StringAt(original, (current - 1), 5, "EWSKI", "EWSKY",
+ "OWSKI", "OWSKY", "")
+ || StringAt(original, 0, 3, "SCH", ""))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "F");
+ current += 1;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /* polish e.g. 'filipowicz' */
+ if (StringAt(original, current, 4, "WICZ", "WITZ", ""))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "TS");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "FX");
+ current += 4;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /* else skip it */
+ current += 1;
+ break;
+
+ case 'X':
+ /* french e.g. breaux */
+ if (!((current == last)
+ && (StringAt(original, (current - 3), 3,
+ "IAU", "EAU", "")
+ || StringAt(original, (current - 2), 2,
+ "AU", "OU", ""))))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "KS");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "KS");
+ }
+
+
+ if (StringAt(original, (current + 1), 1, "C", "X", ""))
+ current += 2;
+ else
+ current += 1;
+ break;
+
+ case 'Z':
+ /* chinese pinyin e.g. 'zhao' */
+ if (GetAt(original, current + 1) == 'H')
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "J");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "J");
+ current += 2;
+ break;
+ }
+ else if (StringAt(original, (current + 1), 2,
+ "ZO", "ZI", "ZA", "")
+ || (SlavoGermanic(original)
+ && ((current > 0)
+ && GetAt(original, current - 1) != 'T')))
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "S");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "TS");
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ MetaphAdd(primary, "S");
+ MetaphAdd(secondary, "S");
+ }
+
+ if (GetAt(original, current + 1) == 'Z')
+ current += 2;
+ else
+ current += 1;
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ current += 1;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * printf("PRIMARY: %s\n", primary->str); printf("SECONDARY: %s\n",
+ * secondary->str);
+ */
+ }
+
+
+ if (primary->length > 4)
+ SetAt(primary, 4, '\0');
+
+ if (secondary->length > 4)
+ SetAt(secondary, 4, '\0');
+
+ *codes = primary->str;
+ *++codes = secondary->str;
+
+ DestroyMetaString(original);
+ DestroyMetaString(primary);
+ DestroyMetaString(secondary);
+}
+
+#ifdef DMETAPHONE_MAIN
+
+/* just for testing - not part of the perl code */
+
+main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+ char *codes[2];
+
+ if (argc > 1)
+ {
+ DoubleMetaphone(argv[1], codes);
+ printf("%s|%s\n", codes[0], codes[1]);
+ }
+}
+
+#endif
generated by cgit v1.2.3 (git 2.39.1) at 2024-11-12 22:00:16 +0000