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+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * ts_selfuncs.c
+ * Selectivity estimation functions for text search operators.
+ *
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2022, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ *
+ *
+ * IDENTIFICATION
+ * src/backend/tsearch/ts_selfuncs.c
+ *
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include "access/htup_details.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_statistic.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "miscadmin.h"
+#include "nodes/nodes.h"
+#include "tsearch/ts_type.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
+#include "utils/lsyscache.h"
+#include "utils/selfuncs.h"
+#include "utils/syscache.h"
+
+
+/*
+ * The default text search selectivity is chosen to be small enough to
+ * encourage indexscans for typical table densities. See selfuncs.h and
+ * DEFAULT_EQ_SEL for details.
+ */
+#define DEFAULT_TS_MATCH_SEL 0.005
+
+/* lookup table type for binary searching through MCELEMs */
+typedef struct
+{
+ text *element;
+ float4 frequency;
+} TextFreq;
+
+/* type of keys for bsearch'ing through an array of TextFreqs */
+typedef struct
+{
+ char *lexeme;
+ int length;
+} LexemeKey;
+
+static Selectivity tsquerysel(VariableStatData *vardata, Datum constval);
+static Selectivity mcelem_tsquery_selec(TSQuery query,
+ Datum *mcelem, int nmcelem,
+ float4 *numbers, int nnumbers);
+static Selectivity tsquery_opr_selec(QueryItem *item, char *operand,
+ TextFreq *lookup, int length, float4 minfreq);
+static int compare_lexeme_textfreq(const void *e1, const void *e2);
+
+#define tsquery_opr_selec_no_stats(query) \
+ tsquery_opr_selec(GETQUERY(query), GETOPERAND(query), NULL, 0, 0)
+
+
+/*
+ * tsmatchsel -- Selectivity of "@@"
+ *
+ * restriction selectivity function for tsvector @@ tsquery and
+ * tsquery @@ tsvector
+ */
+Datum
+tsmatchsel(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+ PlannerInfo *root = (PlannerInfo *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+
+#ifdef NOT_USED
+ Oid operator = PG_GETARG_OID(1);
+#endif
+ List *args = (List *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(2);
+ int varRelid = PG_GETARG_INT32(3);
+ VariableStatData vardata;
+ Node *other;
+ bool varonleft;
+ Selectivity selec;
+
+ /*
+ * If expression is not variable = something or something = variable, then
+ * punt and return a default estimate.
+ */
+ if (!get_restriction_variable(root, args, varRelid,
+ &vardata, &other, &varonleft))
+ PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(DEFAULT_TS_MATCH_SEL);
+
+ /*
+ * Can't do anything useful if the something is not a constant, either.
+ */
+ if (!IsA(other, Const))
+ {
+ ReleaseVariableStats(vardata);
+ PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(DEFAULT_TS_MATCH_SEL);
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * The "@@" operator is strict, so we can cope with NULL right away
+ */
+ if (((Const *) other)->constisnull)
+ {
+ ReleaseVariableStats(vardata);
+ PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(0.0);
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * OK, there's a Var and a Const we're dealing with here. We need the
+ * Const to be a TSQuery, else we can't do anything useful. We have to
+ * check this because the Var might be the TSQuery not the TSVector.
+ */
+ if (((Const *) other)->consttype == TSQUERYOID)
+ {
+ /* tsvector @@ tsquery or the other way around */
+ Assert(vardata.vartype == TSVECTOROID);
+
+ selec = tsquerysel(&vardata, ((Const *) other)->constvalue);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* If we can't see the query structure, must punt */
+ selec = DEFAULT_TS_MATCH_SEL;
+ }
+
+ ReleaseVariableStats(vardata);
+
+ CLAMP_PROBABILITY(selec);
+
+ PG_RETURN_FLOAT8((float8) selec);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * tsmatchjoinsel -- join selectivity of "@@"
+ *
+ * join selectivity function for tsvector @@ tsquery and tsquery @@ tsvector
+ */
+Datum
+tsmatchjoinsel(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+ /* for the moment we just punt */
+ PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(DEFAULT_TS_MATCH_SEL);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * @@ selectivity for tsvector var vs tsquery constant
+ */
+static Selectivity
+tsquerysel(VariableStatData *vardata, Datum constval)
+{
+ Selectivity selec;
+ TSQuery query;
+
+ /* The caller made sure the const is a TSQuery, so get it now */
+ query = DatumGetTSQuery(constval);
+
+ /* Empty query matches nothing */
+ if (query->size == 0)
+ return (Selectivity) 0.0;
+
+ if (HeapTupleIsValid(vardata->statsTuple))
+ {
+ Form_pg_statistic stats;
+ AttStatsSlot sslot;
+
+ stats = (Form_pg_statistic) GETSTRUCT(vardata->statsTuple);
+
+ /* MCELEM will be an array of TEXT elements for a tsvector column */
+ if (get_attstatsslot(&sslot, vardata->statsTuple,
+ STATISTIC_KIND_MCELEM, InvalidOid,
+ ATTSTATSSLOT_VALUES | ATTSTATSSLOT_NUMBERS))
+ {
+ /*
+ * There is a most-common-elements slot for the tsvector Var, so
+ * use that.
+ */
+ selec = mcelem_tsquery_selec(query, sslot.values, sslot.nvalues,
+ sslot.numbers, sslot.nnumbers);
+ free_attstatsslot(&sslot);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* No most-common-elements info, so do without */
+ selec = tsquery_opr_selec_no_stats(query);
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * MCE stats count only non-null rows, so adjust for null rows.
+ */
+ selec *= (1.0 - stats->stanullfrac);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* No stats at all, so do without */
+ selec = tsquery_opr_selec_no_stats(query);
+ /* we assume no nulls here, so no stanullfrac correction */
+ }
+
+ return selec;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Extract data from the pg_statistic arrays into useful format.
+ */
+static Selectivity
+mcelem_tsquery_selec(TSQuery query, Datum *mcelem, int nmcelem,
+ float4 *numbers, int nnumbers)
+{
+ float4 minfreq;
+ TextFreq *lookup;
+ Selectivity selec;
+ int i;
+
+ /*
+ * There should be two more Numbers than Values, because the last two
+ * cells are taken for minimal and maximal frequency. Punt if not.
+ *
+ * (Note: the MCELEM statistics slot definition allows for a third extra
+ * number containing the frequency of nulls, but we're not expecting that
+ * to appear for a tsvector column.)
+ */
+ if (nnumbers != nmcelem + 2)
+ return tsquery_opr_selec_no_stats(query);
+
+ /*
+ * Transpose the data into a single array so we can use bsearch().
+ */
+ lookup = (TextFreq *) palloc(sizeof(TextFreq) * nmcelem);
+ for (i = 0; i < nmcelem; i++)
+ {
+ /*
+ * The text Datums came from an array, so it cannot be compressed or
+ * stored out-of-line -- it's safe to use VARSIZE_ANY*.
+ */
+ Assert(!VARATT_IS_COMPRESSED(mcelem[i]) && !VARATT_IS_EXTERNAL(mcelem[i]));
+ lookup[i].element = (text *) DatumGetPointer(mcelem[i]);
+ lookup[i].frequency = numbers[i];
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Grab the lowest frequency. compute_tsvector_stats() stored it for us in
+ * the one before the last cell of the Numbers array. See ts_typanalyze.c
+ */
+ minfreq = numbers[nnumbers - 2];
+
+ selec = tsquery_opr_selec(GETQUERY(query), GETOPERAND(query), lookup,
+ nmcelem, minfreq);
+
+ pfree(lookup);
+
+ return selec;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Traverse the tsquery in preorder, calculating selectivity as:
+ *
+ * selec(left_oper) * selec(right_oper) in AND & PHRASE nodes,
+ *
+ * selec(left_oper) + selec(right_oper) -
+ * selec(left_oper) * selec(right_oper) in OR nodes,
+ *
+ * 1 - select(oper) in NOT nodes
+ *
+ * histogram-based estimation in prefix VAL nodes
+ *
+ * freq[val] in exact VAL nodes, if the value is in MCELEM
+ * min(freq[MCELEM]) / 2 in VAL nodes, if it is not
+ *
+ * The MCELEM array is already sorted (see ts_typanalyze.c), so we can use
+ * binary search for determining freq[MCELEM].
+ *
+ * If we don't have stats for the tsvector, we still use this logic,
+ * except we use default estimates for VAL nodes. This case is signaled
+ * by lookup == NULL.
+ */
+static Selectivity
+tsquery_opr_selec(QueryItem *item, char *operand,
+ TextFreq *lookup, int length, float4 minfreq)
+{
+ Selectivity selec;
+
+ /* since this function recurses, it could be driven to stack overflow */
+ check_stack_depth();
+
+ if (item->type == QI_VAL)
+ {
+ QueryOperand *oper = (QueryOperand *) item;
+ LexemeKey key;
+
+ /*
+ * Prepare the key for bsearch().
+ */
+ key.lexeme = operand + oper->distance;
+ key.length = oper->length;
+
+ if (oper->prefix)
+ {
+ /* Prefix match, ie the query item is lexeme:* */
+ Selectivity matched,
+ allmces;
+ int i,
+ n_matched;
+
+ /*
+ * Our strategy is to scan through the MCELEM list and combine the
+ * frequencies of the ones that match the prefix. We then
+ * extrapolate the fraction of matching MCELEMs to the remaining
+ * rows, assuming that the MCELEMs are representative of the whole
+ * lexeme population in this respect. (Compare
+ * histogram_selectivity().) Note that these are most common
+ * elements not most common values, so they're not mutually
+ * exclusive. We treat occurrences as independent events.
+ *
+ * This is only a good plan if we have a pretty fair number of
+ * MCELEMs available; we set the threshold at 100. If no stats or
+ * insufficient stats, arbitrarily use DEFAULT_TS_MATCH_SEL*4.
+ */
+ if (lookup == NULL || length < 100)
+ return (Selectivity) (DEFAULT_TS_MATCH_SEL * 4);
+
+ matched = allmces = 0;
+ n_matched = 0;
+ for (i = 0; i < length; i++)
+ {
+ TextFreq *t = lookup + i;
+ int tlen = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t->element);
+
+ if (tlen >= key.length &&
+ strncmp(key.lexeme, VARDATA_ANY(t->element),
+ key.length) == 0)
+ {
+ matched += t->frequency - matched * t->frequency;
+ n_matched++;
+ }
+ allmces += t->frequency - allmces * t->frequency;
+ }
+
+ /* Clamp to ensure sanity in the face of roundoff error */
+ CLAMP_PROBABILITY(matched);
+ CLAMP_PROBABILITY(allmces);
+
+ selec = matched + (1.0 - allmces) * ((double) n_matched / length);
+
+ /*
+ * In any case, never believe that a prefix match has selectivity
+ * less than we would assign for a non-MCELEM lexeme. This
+ * preserves the property that "word:*" should be estimated to
+ * match at least as many rows as "word" would be.
+ */
+ selec = Max(Min(DEFAULT_TS_MATCH_SEL, minfreq / 2), selec);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Regular exact lexeme match */
+ TextFreq *searchres;
+
+ /* If no stats for the variable, use DEFAULT_TS_MATCH_SEL */
+ if (lookup == NULL)
+ return (Selectivity) DEFAULT_TS_MATCH_SEL;
+
+ searchres = (TextFreq *) bsearch(&key, lookup, length,
+ sizeof(TextFreq),
+ compare_lexeme_textfreq);
+
+ if (searchres)
+ {
+ /*
+ * The element is in MCELEM. Return precise selectivity (or
+ * at least as precise as ANALYZE could find out).
+ */
+ selec = searchres->frequency;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The element is not in MCELEM. Punt, but assume that the
+ * selectivity cannot be more than minfreq / 2.
+ */
+ selec = Min(DEFAULT_TS_MATCH_SEL, minfreq / 2);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Current TSQuery node is an operator */
+ Selectivity s1,
+ s2;
+
+ switch (item->qoperator.oper)
+ {
+ case OP_NOT:
+ selec = 1.0 - tsquery_opr_selec(item + 1, operand,
+ lookup, length, minfreq);
+ break;
+
+ case OP_PHRASE:
+ case OP_AND:
+ s1 = tsquery_opr_selec(item + 1, operand,
+ lookup, length, minfreq);
+ s2 = tsquery_opr_selec(item + item->qoperator.left, operand,
+ lookup, length, minfreq);
+ selec = s1 * s2;
+ break;
+
+ case OP_OR:
+ s1 = tsquery_opr_selec(item + 1, operand,
+ lookup, length, minfreq);
+ s2 = tsquery_opr_selec(item + item->qoperator.left, operand,
+ lookup, length, minfreq);
+ selec = s1 + s2 - s1 * s2;
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "unrecognized operator: %d", item->qoperator.oper);
+ selec = 0; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* Clamp intermediate results to stay sane despite roundoff error */
+ CLAMP_PROBABILITY(selec);
+
+ return selec;
+}
+
+/*
+ * bsearch() comparator for a lexeme (non-NULL terminated string with length)
+ * and a TextFreq. Use length, then byte-for-byte comparison, because that's
+ * how ANALYZE code sorted data before storing it in a statistic tuple.
+ * See ts_typanalyze.c for details.
+ */
+static int
+compare_lexeme_textfreq(const void *e1, const void *e2)
+{
+ const LexemeKey *key = (const LexemeKey *) e1;
+ const TextFreq *t = (const TextFreq *) e2;
+ int len1,
+ len2;
+
+ len1 = key->length;
+ len2 = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t->element);
+
+ /* Compare lengths first, possibly avoiding a strncmp call */
+ if (len1 > len2)
+ return 1;
+ else if (len1 < len2)
+ return -1;
+
+ /* Fall back on byte-for-byte comparison */
+ return strncmp(key->lexeme, VARDATA_ANY(t->element), len1);
+}
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