'\" t .\" Title: vacuumdb .\" Author: The PostgreSQL Global Development Group .\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot .\" Date: 2024 .\" Manual: PostgreSQL 15.7 Documentation .\" Source: PostgreSQL 15.7 .\" Language: English .\" .TH "VACUUMDB" "1" "2024" "PostgreSQL 15.7" "PostgreSQL 15.7 Documentation" .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .\" * Define some portability stuff .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 .\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html .\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq .el .ds Aq ' .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .\" * set default formatting .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .\" disable hyphenation .nh .\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) .ad l .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .SH "NAME" vacuumdb \- garbage\-collect and analyze a PostgreSQL database .SH "SYNOPSIS" .HP \w'\fBvacuumdb\fR\ 'u \fBvacuumdb\fR [\fIconnection\-option\fR...] [\fIoption\fR...] [\ \fB\-t\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-table\fR\ \fItable\fR\ [(\ \fIcolumn\fR\ [,\&.\&.\&.]\ )]\ ]... [\fIdbname\fR] .HP \w'\fBvacuumdb\fR\ 'u \fBvacuumdb\fR [\fIconnection\-option\fR...] [\fIoption\fR...] \fB\-a\fR | \fB\-\-all\fR .SH "DESCRIPTION" .PP vacuumdb is a utility for cleaning a PostgreSQL database\&. vacuumdb will also generate internal statistics used by the PostgreSQL query optimizer\&. .PP vacuumdb is a wrapper around the SQL command \fBVACUUM\fR\&. There is no effective difference between vacuuming and analyzing databases via this utility and via other methods for accessing the server\&. .SH "OPTIONS" .PP vacuumdb accepts the following command\-line arguments: .PP \fB\-a\fR .br \fB\-\-all\fR .RS 4 Vacuum all databases\&. .RE .PP \fB[\-d]\fR\fB \fR\fB\fIdbname\fR\fR .br \fB[\-\-dbname=]\fR\fB\fIdbname\fR\fR .RS 4 Specifies the name of the database to be cleaned or analyzed, when \fB\-a\fR/\fB\-\-all\fR is not used\&. If this is not specified, the database name is read from the environment variable \fBPGDATABASE\fR\&. If that is not set, the user name specified for the connection is used\&. The \fIdbname\fR can be a connection string\&. If so, connection string parameters will override any conflicting command line options\&. .RE .PP \fB\-\-disable\-page\-skipping\fR .RS 4 Disable skipping pages based on the contents of the visibility map\&. .if n \{\ .sp .\} .RS 4 .it 1 an-trap .nr an-no-space-flag 1 .nr an-break-flag 1 .br .ps +1 \fBNote\fR .ps -1 .br This option is only available for servers running PostgreSQL 9\&.6 and later\&. .sp .5v .RE .RE .PP \fB\-e\fR .br \fB\-\-echo\fR .RS 4 Echo the commands that vacuumdb generates and sends to the server\&. .RE .PP \fB\-f\fR .br \fB\-\-full\fR .RS 4 Perform \(lqfull\(rq vacuuming\&. .RE .PP \fB\-F\fR .br \fB\-\-freeze\fR .RS 4 Aggressively \(lqfreeze\(rq tuples\&. .RE .PP \fB\-\-force\-index\-cleanup\fR .RS 4 Always remove index entries pointing to dead tuples\&. .if n \{\ .sp .\} .RS 4 .it 1 an-trap .nr an-no-space-flag 1 .nr an-break-flag 1 .br .ps +1 \fBNote\fR .ps -1 .br This option is only available for servers running PostgreSQL 12 and later\&. .sp .5v .RE .RE .PP \fB\-j \fR\fB\fInjobs\fR\fR .br \fB\-\-jobs=\fR\fB\fInjobs\fR\fR .RS 4 Execute the vacuum or analyze commands in parallel by running \fInjobs\fR commands simultaneously\&. This option may reduce the processing time but it also increases the load on the database server\&. .sp vacuumdb will open \fInjobs\fR connections to the database, so make sure your max_connections setting is high enough to accommodate all connections\&. .sp Note that using this mode together with the \fB\-f\fR (FULL) option might cause deadlock failures if certain system catalogs are processed in parallel\&. .RE .PP \fB\-\-min\-mxid\-age \fR\fB\fImxid_age\fR\fR .RS 4 Only execute the vacuum or analyze commands on tables with a multixact ID age of at least \fImxid_age\fR\&. This setting is useful for prioritizing tables to process to prevent multixact ID wraparound (see Section\ \&25.1.5.1)\&. .sp For the purposes of this option, the multixact ID age of a relation is the greatest of the ages of the main relation and its associated TOAST table, if one exists\&. Since the commands issued by vacuumdb will also process the TOAST table for the relation if necessary, it does not need to be considered separately\&. .if n \{\ .sp .\} .RS 4 .it 1 an-trap .nr an-no-space-flag 1 .nr an-break-flag 1 .br .ps +1 \fBNote\fR .ps -1 .br This option is only available for servers running PostgreSQL 9\&.6 and later\&. .sp .5v .RE .RE .PP \fB\-\-min\-xid\-age \fR\fB\fIxid_age\fR\fR .RS 4 Only execute the vacuum or analyze commands on tables with a transaction ID age of at least \fIxid_age\fR\&. This setting is useful for prioritizing tables to process to prevent transaction ID wraparound (see Section\ \&25.1.5)\&. .sp For the purposes of this option, the transaction ID age of a relation is the greatest of the ages of the main relation and its associated TOAST table, if one exists\&. Since the commands issued by vacuumdb will also process the TOAST table for the relation if necessary, it does not need to be considered separately\&. .if n \{\ .sp .\} .RS 4 .it 1 an-trap .nr an-no-space-flag 1 .nr an-break-flag 1 .br .ps +1 \fBNote\fR .ps -1 .br This option is only available for servers running PostgreSQL 9\&.6 and later\&. .sp .5v .RE .RE .PP \fB\-\-no\-index\-cleanup\fR .RS 4 Do not remove index entries pointing to dead tuples\&. .if n \{\ .sp .\} .RS 4 .it 1 an-trap .nr an-no-space-flag 1 .nr an-break-flag 1 .br .ps +1 \fBNote\fR .ps -1 .br This option is only available for servers running PostgreSQL 12 and later\&. .sp .5v .RE .RE .PP \fB\-\-no\-process\-toast\fR .RS 4 Skip the TOAST table associated with the table to vacuum, if any\&. .if n \{\ .sp .\} .RS 4 .it 1 an-trap .nr an-no-space-flag 1 .nr an-break-flag 1 .br .ps +1 \fBNote\fR .ps -1 .br This option is only available for servers running PostgreSQL 14 and later\&. .sp .5v .RE .RE .PP \fB\-\-no\-truncate\fR .RS 4 Do not truncate empty pages at the end of the table\&. .if n \{\ .sp .\} .RS 4 .it 1 an-trap .nr an-no-space-flag 1 .nr an-break-flag 1 .br .ps +1 \fBNote\fR .ps -1 .br This option is only available for servers running PostgreSQL 12 and later\&. .sp .5v .RE .RE .PP \fB\-P \fR\fB\fIparallel_workers\fR\fR .br \fB\-\-parallel=\fR\fB\fIparallel_workers\fR\fR .RS 4 Specify the number of parallel workers for parallel vacuum\&. This allows the vacuum to leverage multiple CPUs to process indexes\&. See \fBVACUUM\fR(7)\&. .if n \{\ .sp .\} .RS 4 .it 1 an-trap .nr an-no-space-flag 1 .nr an-break-flag 1 .br .ps +1 \fBNote\fR .ps -1 .br This option is only available for servers running PostgreSQL 13 and later\&. .sp .5v .RE .RE .PP \fB\-q\fR .br \fB\-\-quiet\fR .RS 4 Do not display progress messages\&. .RE .PP \fB\-\-skip\-locked\fR .RS 4 Skip relations that cannot be immediately locked for processing\&. .if n \{\ .sp .\} .RS 4 .it 1 an-trap .nr an-no-space-flag 1 .nr an-break-flag 1 .br .ps +1 \fBNote\fR .ps -1 .br This option is only available for servers running PostgreSQL 12 and later\&. .sp .5v .RE .RE .PP \fB\-t \fR\fB\fItable\fR\fR\fB [ (\fR\fB\fIcolumn\fR\fR\fB [,\&.\&.\&.]) ]\fR .br \fB\-\-table=\fR\fB\fItable\fR\fR\fB [ (\fR\fB\fIcolumn\fR\fR\fB [,\&.\&.\&.]) ]\fR .RS 4 Clean or analyze \fItable\fR only\&. Column names can be specified only in conjunction with the \fB\-\-analyze\fR or \fB\-\-analyze\-only\fR options\&. Multiple tables can be vacuumed by writing multiple \fB\-t\fR switches\&. .if n \{\ .sp .\} .RS 4 .it 1 an-trap .nr an-no-space-flag 1 .nr an-break-flag 1 .br .ps +1 \fBTip\fR .ps -1 .br If you specify columns, you probably have to escape the parentheses from the shell\&. (See examples below\&.) .sp .5v .RE .RE .PP \fB\-v\fR .br \fB\-\-verbose\fR .RS 4 Print detailed information during processing\&. .RE .PP \fB\-V\fR .br \fB\-\-version\fR .RS 4 Print the vacuumdb version and exit\&. .RE .PP \fB\-z\fR .br \fB\-\-analyze\fR .RS 4 Also calculate statistics for use by the optimizer\&. .RE .PP \fB\-Z\fR .br \fB\-\-analyze\-only\fR .RS 4 Only calculate statistics for use by the optimizer (no vacuum)\&. .RE .PP \fB\-\-analyze\-in\-stages\fR .RS 4 Only calculate statistics for use by the optimizer (no vacuum), like \fB\-\-analyze\-only\fR\&. Run three stages of analyze; the first stage uses the lowest possible statistics target (see default_statistics_target) to produce usable statistics faster, and subsequent stages build the full statistics\&. .sp This option is only useful to analyze a database that currently has no statistics or has wholly incorrect ones, such as if it is newly populated from a restored dump or by \fBpg_upgrade\fR\&. Be aware that running with this option in a database with existing statistics may cause the query optimizer choices to become transiently worse due to the low statistics targets of the early stages\&. .RE .PP \fB\-?\fR .br \fB\-\-help\fR .RS 4 Show help about vacuumdb command line arguments, and exit\&. .RE .PP vacuumdb also accepts the following command\-line arguments for connection parameters: .PP \fB\-h \fR\fB\fIhost\fR\fR .br \fB\-\-host=\fR\fB\fIhost\fR\fR .RS 4 Specifies the host name of the machine on which the server is running\&. If the value begins with a slash, it is used as the directory for the Unix domain socket\&. .RE .PP \fB\-p \fR\fB\fIport\fR\fR .br \fB\-\-port=\fR\fB\fIport\fR\fR .RS 4 Specifies the TCP port or local Unix domain socket file extension on which the server is listening for connections\&. .RE .PP \fB\-U \fR\fB\fIusername\fR\fR .br \fB\-\-username=\fR\fB\fIusername\fR\fR .RS 4 User name to connect as\&. .RE .PP \fB\-w\fR .br \fB\-\-no\-password\fR .RS 4 Never issue a password prompt\&. If the server requires password authentication and a password is not available by other means such as a \&.pgpass file, the connection attempt will fail\&. This option can be useful in batch jobs and scripts where no user is present to enter a password\&. .RE .PP \fB\-W\fR .br \fB\-\-password\fR .RS 4 Force vacuumdb to prompt for a password before connecting to a database\&. .sp This option is never essential, since vacuumdb will automatically prompt for a password if the server demands password authentication\&. However, vacuumdb will waste a connection attempt finding out that the server wants a password\&. In some cases it is worth typing \fB\-W\fR to avoid the extra connection attempt\&. .RE .PP \fB\-\-maintenance\-db=\fR\fB\fIdbname\fR\fR .RS 4 Specifies the name of the database to connect to to discover which databases should be vacuumed, when \fB\-a\fR/\fB\-\-all\fR is used\&. If not specified, the postgres database will be used, or if that does not exist, template1 will be used\&. This can be a connection string\&. If so, connection string parameters will override any conflicting command line options\&. Also, connection string parameters other than the database name itself will be re\-used when connecting to other databases\&. .RE .SH "ENVIRONMENT" .PP \fBPGDATABASE\fR .br \fBPGHOST\fR .br \fBPGPORT\fR .br \fBPGUSER\fR .RS 4 Default connection parameters .RE .PP \fBPG_COLOR\fR .RS 4 Specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages\&. Possible values are always, auto and never\&. .RE .PP This utility, like most other PostgreSQL utilities, also uses the environment variables supported by libpq (see Section\ \&34.15)\&. .SH "DIAGNOSTICS" .PP In case of difficulty, see \fBVACUUM\fR(7) and \fBpsql\fR(1) for discussions of potential problems and error messages\&. The database server must be running at the targeted host\&. Also, any default connection settings and environment variables used by the libpq front\-end library will apply\&. .SH "NOTES" .PP vacuumdb might need to connect several times to the PostgreSQL server, asking for a password each time\&. It is convenient to have a ~/\&.pgpass file in such cases\&. See Section\ \&34.16 for more information\&. .SH "EXAMPLES" .PP To clean the database test: .sp .if n \{\ .RS 4 .\} .nf $ \fBvacuumdb test\fR .fi .if n \{\ .RE .\} .PP To clean and analyze for the optimizer a database named bigdb: .sp .if n \{\ .RS 4 .\} .nf $ \fBvacuumdb \-\-analyze bigdb\fR .fi .if n \{\ .RE .\} .PP To clean a single table foo in a database named xyzzy, and analyze a single column bar of the table for the optimizer: .sp .if n \{\ .RS 4 .\} .nf $ \fBvacuumdb \-\-analyze \-\-verbose \-\-table=\*(Aqfoo(bar)\*(Aq xyzzy\fR .fi .if n \{\ .RE .\} .SH "SEE ALSO" \fBVACUUM\fR(7)