summaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/www/th3.html
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
authorDaniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>2024-05-05 17:28:19 +0000
committerDaniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>2024-05-05 17:28:19 +0000
commit18657a960e125336f704ea058e25c27bd3900dcb (patch)
tree17b438b680ed45a996d7b59951e6aa34023783f2 /www/th3.html
parentInitial commit. (diff)
downloadsqlite3-18657a960e125336f704ea058e25c27bd3900dcb.tar.xz
sqlite3-18657a960e125336f704ea058e25c27bd3900dcb.zip
Adding upstream version 3.40.1.upstream/3.40.1upstream
Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>
Diffstat (limited to 'www/th3.html')
-rw-r--r--www/th3.html570
1 files changed, 570 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/www/th3.html b/www/th3.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fec336d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/www/th3.html
@@ -0,0 +1,570 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html><head>
+<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
+<link href="sqlite.css" rel="stylesheet">
+<title>TH3</title>
+<!-- path= -->
+</head>
+<body>
+<div class=nosearch>
+<a href="index.html">
+<img class="logo" src="images/sqlite370_banner.gif" alt="SQLite" border="0">
+</a>
+<div><!-- IE hack to prevent disappearing logo --></div>
+<div class="tagline desktoponly">
+Small. Fast. Reliable.<br>Choose any three.
+</div>
+<div class="menu mainmenu">
+<ul>
+<li><a href="index.html">Home</a>
+<li class='mobileonly'><a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick='toggle_div("submenu")'>Menu</a>
+<li class='wideonly'><a href='about.html'>About</a>
+<li class='desktoponly'><a href="docs.html">Documentation</a>
+<li class='desktoponly'><a href="download.html">Download</a>
+<li class='wideonly'><a href='copyright.html'>License</a>
+<li class='desktoponly'><a href="support.html">Support</a>
+<li class='desktoponly'><a href="prosupport.html">Purchase</a>
+<li class='search' id='search_menubutton'>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick='toggle_search()'>Search</a>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="menu submenu" id="submenu">
+<ul>
+<li><a href='about.html'>About</a>
+<li><a href='docs.html'>Documentation</a>
+<li><a href='download.html'>Download</a>
+<li><a href='support.html'>Support</a>
+<li><a href='prosupport.html'>Purchase</a>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="searchmenu" id="searchmenu">
+<form method="GET" action="search">
+<select name="s" id="searchtype">
+<option value="d">Search Documentation</option>
+<option value="c">Search Changelog</option>
+</select>
+<input type="text" name="q" id="searchbox" value="">
+<input type="submit" value="Go">
+</form>
+</div>
+</div>
+<script>
+function toggle_div(nm) {
+var w = document.getElementById(nm);
+if( w.style.display=="block" ){
+w.style.display = "none";
+}else{
+w.style.display = "block";
+}
+}
+function toggle_search() {
+var w = document.getElementById("searchmenu");
+if( w.style.display=="block" ){
+w.style.display = "none";
+} else {
+w.style.display = "block";
+setTimeout(function(){
+document.getElementById("searchbox").focus()
+}, 30);
+}
+}
+function div_off(nm){document.getElementById(nm).style.display="none";}
+window.onbeforeunload = function(e){div_off("submenu");}
+/* Disable the Search feature if we are not operating from CGI, since */
+/* Search is accomplished using CGI and will not work without it. */
+if( !location.origin || !location.origin.match || !location.origin.match(/http/) ){
+document.getElementById("search_menubutton").style.display = "none";
+}
+/* Used by the Hide/Show button beside syntax diagrams, to toggle the */
+function hideorshow(btn,obj){
+var x = document.getElementById(obj);
+var b = document.getElementById(btn);
+if( x.style.display!='none' ){
+x.style.display = 'none';
+b.innerHTML='show';
+}else{
+x.style.display = '';
+b.innerHTML='hide';
+}
+return false;
+}
+var antiRobot = 0;
+function antiRobotGo(){
+if( antiRobot!=3 ) return;
+antiRobot = 7;
+var j = document.getElementById("mtimelink");
+if(j && j.hasAttribute("data-href")) j.href=j.getAttribute("data-href");
+}
+function antiRobotDefense(){
+document.body.onmousedown=function(){
+antiRobot |= 2;
+antiRobotGo();
+document.body.onmousedown=null;
+}
+document.body.onmousemove=function(){
+antiRobot |= 2;
+antiRobotGo();
+document.body.onmousemove=null;
+}
+setTimeout(function(){
+antiRobot |= 1;
+antiRobotGo();
+}, 100)
+antiRobotGo();
+}
+antiRobotDefense();
+</script>
+<div class=fancy>
+<div class=nosearch>
+<div class="fancy_title">
+TH3
+</div>
+<div class="fancy_toc">
+<a onclick="toggle_toc()">
+<span class="fancy_toc_mark" id="toc_mk">&#x25ba;</span>
+Table Of Contents
+</a>
+<div id="toc_sub"><div class="fancy-toc1"><a href="#overview">1. Overview</a></div>
+<div class="fancy-toc2"><a href="#history">1.1. History</a></div>
+<div class="fancy-toc1"><a href="#operation">2. Operation</a></div>
+<div class="fancy-toc1"><a href="#generating_a_test_program">3. Generating A Test Program</a></div>
+<div class="fancy-toc2"><a href="#test_automation_scripts">3.1. Test Automation Scripts</a></div>
+<div class="fancy-toc1"><a href="#test_coverage">4. Test Coverage</a></div>
+<div class="fancy-toc1"><a href="#mutation_testing">5. Mutation Testing</a></div>
+<div class="fancy-toc1"><a href="#th3_license">6. TH3 License</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<script>
+function toggle_toc(){
+var sub = document.getElementById("toc_sub")
+var mk = document.getElementById("toc_mk")
+if( sub.style.display!="block" ){
+sub.style.display = "block";
+mk.innerHTML = "&#x25bc;";
+} else {
+sub.style.display = "none";
+mk.innerHTML = "&#x25ba;";
+}
+}
+</script>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<h1 id="overview"><span>1. </span>Overview</h1>
+
+<p>SQLite Test Harness #3 (hereafter "TH3") is one of
+<a href="testing.html#harnesses">three test harnesses</a> used for testing SQLite.
+TH3 meets the following objectives:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><p> TH3 is able to run on embedded platforms that lack the support
+ infrastructure of workstations.</p></li>
+
+<li><p> TH3 tests SQLite in an as-deployed configuration using only
+ published and documented interfaces.
+ In other words, TH3 tests the compiled object code, not
+ the source code, thus verifying that no problems were introduced
+ by compiler bugs. "Test what you fly and fly what you test."</p></li>
+
+<li><p> TH3 checks SQLite's response to out-of-memory errors, disk I/O
+ errors, and power loss during transaction commit. </p></li>
+
+<li><p> TH3 exercises SQLite in a variety of run-time configurations
+ (UTF8 vs UTF16, different pages sizes, varying journal modes, etc.)
+ </p></li>
+
+<li><p> TH3 achieves 100% branch test coverage (and 100%
+ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modified_condition/decision_coverage">MC/DC</a>)
+ over the SQLite core.
+ (Test coverage of extensions such as FTS and RTREE is less than 100%).
+ </p></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>TH3 was originally written for validation testing only, but has
+subsequently been used for development testing and debugging
+as well, and has proven very helpful in those roles. A full-coverage
+test takes less than five minutes on a workstation and hence
+serves as a fast regression test during day-to-day maintenance
+of the SQLite code base.</p>
+
+<h2 id="history"><span>1.1. </span>History</h2>
+
+<p>TH3 originated from an effort to test SQLite on
+<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbian">SymbianOS</a>.
+Prior to TH3, all SQLite tests were run using the
+<a href="http://www.tcl.tk/">TCL</a> script language, but TCL would not (easily)
+compile on SymbianOS which made testing difficult. The first attempt
+to remedy this problem was the "TH1" (Test Harness #1) scripting
+language - a reimplementation of parts of the TCL language in a
+more portable form that would compile and run on SymbianOS, and
+that was sufficient to run the SQLite tests. TH1
+did not survive as a standard testing tool for SQLite,
+but it did find continued service as a
+scripting language used to customize the
+<a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil</a> version control system.
+There was also a "Test Harness #2" which was an attempt to
+create a simple scripting language using operator prefix notation
+to drive tests. TH3 was the third attempt.
+
+</p><p>At about that same time, some avionics manufacturers were
+expressing interest in SQLite, which prompted the SQLite developers
+to design TH3 to support the rigorous testing standards of
+<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DO-178B">DO-178B</a>.
+
+</p><p>The first code for TH3 was laid down on 2008-09-25.
+An intense effort over the next 10 months resulted in TH3 achieving
+100% MC/DC on 2009-07-25. The TH3 code continues to be improved and
+expanded.
+
+</p><p>As of 2018-05-19, the TH3 source tree consists
+and well over 500,000 lines of source code in 1709 separate files.
+
+</p><h1 id="operation"><span>2. </span>Operation</h1>
+
+<p>TH3 is a test program generator. The output of TH3 is a program
+implemented in C-code and intended to be
+linked against the SQLite library under test. The generated test
+program is compiled and run on the target platform in order to verify
+correct operation of SQLite on that platform.</p>
+
+<p>The inputs to TH3 are test modules written in C or SQL and
+small configuration
+files that determine how to initialize SQLite. The
+TH3 package includes 1,444 test
+modules and more than 47 configurations (as of 2018-05-19).
+New modules and configurations
+can be added to customize TH3 for specialized applications.
+Each time TH3 is run, it reads
+a subset of the available test modules and configuration files to generate
+a custom C program that performs all of the specified tests under all
+specified configurations. A complete test of SQLite normally involves running
+TH3 multiple times to generate multiple test programs covering different
+aspects of SQLite's operation, then linking all test programs against
+a common SQLite library and running them separately on the target platform.
+</p>
+
+<p>There are no arbitrary limits in TH3. One could generate a
+single test program that contained all test modules and all configuration files.
+However, such a test program might be too large to deploy on embedded
+platforms. (As of 2018-05-19, a full-up TH3 test is over 850,000 lines and
+58MB of C code.) TH3 provides the ability to break the library of test
+modules up into smaller, more easily digested pieces.</p>
+
+<p>Each individual test module might contain dozens, hundreds, or thousands
+of separate tests. The test modules can be written in C or as scripts of
+SQL or a mixture of the two. About two-thirds of the existing test modules are
+written in pure SQL with the remainder either in pure C or a combination
+of C and SQL.
+</p>
+
+<p>Each test module file contains a header which describes the circumstances
+under which the test is valid. For a particular configuration, only those
+modules that are compatible with the configuration are run. </p>
+
+<h1 id="generating_a_test_program"><span>3. </span>Generating A Test Program</h1>
+
+<p>The TH3 program generator is a TCL script named "<tt>mkth3.tcl</tt>".
+To generate a test program, one has merely to run this script and supply
+the names of files containing test modules and configurations on the
+command line. Test modules are files that use the "<tt>.test</tt>" suffix
+and configurations are files that use the "<tt>.cfg</tt>" suffix. A
+typical invocation of mkth3.tcl might look something like the following:</p>
+
+<div class="codeblock"><pre>tclsh mkth3.tcl *.test *.cfg &gt;testprog1.c
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The output from the mkth3.tcl script is a C program that contains
+everything needed to run the tests - everything that is except for
+the SQLite library itself. The generated test program contains
+implementations for all of the support interfaces used by the test
+modules and it contains the <tt>main()</tt> routine that drives the
+tests. To convert the test program into a working executable, simply
+compile it against SQLite:</p>
+
+<div class="codeblock"><pre>cc -o testprog1 testprog1.c sqlite3.c
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The compilation step shown immediately above is merely representative.
+In a working installation, one would normally want
+to specify optimization parameters and compile-time switches on the
+compiler command line.</p>
+
+<p>For testing on embedded systems, the mkth3.tcl script and the compiler
+steps shown above are performed on an ordinary workstation using
+a cross-compiler, then the resulting test program is
+transferred onto the device to be run.</p>
+
+<p>Once the test program is generated, it is run with no arguments to
+perform the tests. Progress information as well as error diagnostics
+appear on standard output. (Alternative output arrangements can be made
+using a compile-time option for embedded devices that lack a standard
+output channel.) The program returns zero if there are no
+errors and non-zero if any problems were detected.</p>
+
+<p>Typical output from a single TH3 test program run looks like this:
+
+</p><div class="codeblock"><pre>With SQLite 3.8.11 2015-05-15 04:13:15 56ef98a04765c34c1c2f3ed7a6f03a732f3b886e
+-DSQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST
+-DSQLITE_NO_SYNC
+-DSQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC
+-DSQLITE_THREADSAFE=1
+Config-begin c1.
+Begin c1.pager08
+End c1.pager08
+Begin c1.build33
+End c1.build33
+Begin c1.orderby01
+End c1.orderby01
+<i>... 15014 lines of output omitted ....</i>
+Begin 64k.syscall01
+End 64k.syscall01
+Begin 64k.build01
+End 64k.build01
+Begin 64k.auth01
+End 64k.auth01
+Config-end 64k. TH3 memory used: 6373738
+Config-begin wal1.
+Begin wal1.wal37
+End wal1.wal37
+Config-end wal1. TH3 memory used: 100961
+All 226 VDBE coverage points reached
+th3: 0 errors out of 1442264 tests in 213.741 seconds. 64-bit little-endian
+th3: SQLite 3.8.11 2015-05-15 04:13:15 56ef98a04765c34c1c2f3ed7a6f03a732f3b886e
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The output begins with a report of the <a href="c3ref/c_source_id.html">SQLITE_SOURCE_ID</a>
+(cross-checked again <a href="c3ref/libversion.html">sqlite3_sourceid()</a>) for the
+SQLite under test and the compile-time options used as reported
+by <a href="c3ref/compileoption_get.html">sqlite3_compileoption_get()</a>. The output concludes with a summary
+of the test results and a repeat of the <a href="c3ref/c_source_id.html">SQLITE_SOURCE_ID</a>. If any
+errors are detected, additional lines detail the problem. The error
+reporting lines always begin with a single space character so that they
+can be quickly extracted from large output files using:
+
+</p><div class="codeblock"><pre>grep "&#94; "
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The default output shows the beginning and end of each configuration
+and test module combination. In the example above "c1" and "64k" are
+configurations and "pager08", "build33", "orderby01", etc. are test modules.
+Compile-time and run-time options are available to increase or decrease
+the amount of output.
+The output can be increased by showing each test case within each
+test module. The output can be decreased
+by degrees: omitting test modules starts and stops,
+omitting configuration starts and stops, and finally by omitting all output.
+
+</p><h2 id="test_automation_scripts"><span>3.1. </span>Test Automation Scripts</h2>
+
+<p>TH3 comes with additional TCL scripts that help automate the testing
+process on workstations. The "th3make" script automatically runs "mkth3.tcl"
+and "gcc" and then runs the resulting test program and checks the results.
+Arguments to th3make include all of the "*.test" test modules and
+"*.cfg" configurations that are to be included in the test. Additional
+options to th3make can cause the test program to be compiled using different
+compilers (GCC, Clang, MSVC), to use different output verbosity levels, to
+run the test program under valgrind, to check the output for coverage using
+gcov, and so forth. The th3make script also accepts "*.rc" filenames as
+arguments. These *.rc files are just collections of other arguments that
+are commonly used together for a single purpose. For example, the "quick.rc"
+file contains a set of eight arguments to th3make that run a fast (3-minute)
+full-coverage test. This allows the operator to type "./th3make quick.rc" as
+a short-cut to typing out all of the required command-line options. The
+following are a few of the more than 40 available *.rc files:
+
+</p><ul>
+<li><b>alignment</b><i>N</i><b>.rc</b> -
+ These files contain -D options to the compiler that are used by
+ various notable downstreams.
+</li><li><b>cov.rc</b> - Options for measuring test coverage
+</li><li><b>extensions.rc</b> - Options to enable <a href="fts3.html#fts4">FTS4</a>, <a href="rtree.html">R-Trees</a>,
+ and <a href="fileformat2.html#stat4tab">STAT4</a>.
+</li><li><b>fast.rc</b> - Run most tests, including those not needed for
+ coverage, skipping only soak tests, using delivery compiler options
+ (ex: -O3)
+</li><li><b>memdebug.rc</b> - like test.rc but also enable
+ <a href="compile.html#memdebug">-DSQLITE_MEMDEBUG</a>.
+</li><li><b>min.rc</b> - Run the minimum set of tests needed for 100% coverage.
+</li><li><b>quick.rc</b> - Run all tests required for 100% coverage tests
+ using -Os and <a href="compile.html#debug">-DSQLITE_DEBUG</a>.
+</li><li><b>test.rc</b> - Run the same tests as in fast.rc but without
+ compiler optimization and enabling options like
+ <a href="compile.html#debug">-DSQLITE_DEBUG</a> and
+ -DSQLITE_ENABLE_EXPENSIVE_ASSERT.
+</li><li><b>test-ex.rc</b> - long-running soak tests.
+</li></ul>
+
+<p>The TH3 repository also includes the "multitest.tcl" script, another
+TCL script used to automate TH3 testing on workstations. Multitest.tcl
+automatically compiles SQLite, then
+runs ./th3make repeatedly with a variety of alignments, and captures
+the output in a succinct summary screen. A typical multitest.tcl run
+generates output that looks like this:
+
+</p><div class="codeblock"><pre>./multitest.tcl -q --jobs 3
+start-time: 2018-05-19 03:17:12 UTC
+file mkdir sqlite3bld
+cd sqlite3bld
+exec sh /ramdisk/sqlite/configure
+file copy -force config.h ../config.h
+exec make clean sqlite3.c
+file rename sqlite3.c ../sqlite3.c
+file rename sqlite3.h ../sqlite3.h
+exec make clean sqlite3.c OPTS=-DSQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT=1
+file rename sqlite3.c ../sqlite3udl.c
+exec make clean sqlite3.c OPTS=-DSQLITE_SMALL_STACK=1
+file rename sqlite3.c ../sqlite3ss.c
+cd ..
+*******************************************************************************
+t01: cov.rc.................................................... Ok (00:03:42)
+t02: cov.rc ++STAT4 ++DESERIALIZE -D_HAVE_SQLITE_CONFIG_H...... Ok (00:04:45)
+t03: vfs-cov.rc................................................ Ok (00:03:59)
+t04: demo.rc................................................... Ok (00:00:05)
+t07: test.rc ../th3private/*.test.............................. Ok (00:00:21)
+t08: test.rc ../th3private/*.test ++STAT4...................... Ok (00:01:41)
+t05: quick.rc.................................................. Ok (00:04:26)
+t09: quick.rc ~TEST_REALLOC_STRESS -funsigned-char............. Ok (00:05:39)
+t10: quick.rc ~THREADSAFE=0 -DLONGDOUBLE_TYPE=double........... Ok (00:03:24)
+t06: quick.rc extensions.rc -D_HAVE_SQLITE_CONFIG_H............ Ok (00:09:03)
+t11: quick.rc sqlite3ss.c ~MAX_ATTACHED=125.................... Ok (00:04:39)
+t12: quick.rc ~BYTEORDER=0 ++RTREE............................. Ok (00:07:28)
+t13: quick.rc ~DISABLE_INTRINSIC ++RTREE....................... Ok (00:07:31)
+t16: quick.rc ~TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT=15 cov1/main16.test............ Ok (00:00:22)
+t14: quick.rc ~DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ -fsigned-char.............. Ok (00:04:35)
+t15: quick.rc ~UNTESTABLE ~EXTRA_IFNULLROW..................... Ok (00:01:44)
+t17: quick.rc ~MAX_MMAP_SIZE=0................................. Ok (00:04:46)
+t18: quick.rc ++NULL_TRIM ++OFFSET_SQL_FUNC.................... Ok (00:04:47)
+t19: quick.rc ++BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE ++DESERIALIZE............... Ok (00:05:41)
+t20: lean1.rc quick.rc......................................... Ok (00:03:09)
+t22: test.rc alignment2.rc sqlite3udl.c........................ Ok (00:44:22)
+t21: test.rc alignment1.rc..................................... Ok (01:02:32)
+t23: memdebug1.rc extensions.rc................................ Ok (01:49:58)
+t25: valgrind1.rc -O3 extensions.rc............................ Ok (00:56:08)
+t24: memdebug2.rc extensions.rc................................ Ok (01:43:34)
+t27: test-ex1.rc............................................... Ok (00:45:00)
+t26: valgrind2.rc -O3 extensions.rc............................ Ok (01:02:52)
+t29: test-ex3.rc............................................... Ok (00:31:48)
+t28: test-ex2.rc............................................... Ok (01:12:03)
+t30: test-ex4.rc............................................... Ok (01:09:47)
+t32: test.rc alignment4.rc -m32 CC=clang....................... Ok (00:48:31)
+t31: test.rc alignment3.rc sqlite3udl.c........................ Ok (01:22:29)
+t34: test.rc alignment6.rc..................................... Ok (00:35:31)
+t33: test.rc alignment5.rc extensions.rc....................... Ok (00:59:33)
+t35: test.rc alignment7.rc..................................... Ok (00:44:10)
+t40: fast.rc alignment2.rc sqlite3udl.c........................ Ok (00:15:46)
+t39: fast.rc alignment1.rc extensions.rc -m32.................. Ok (00:33:19)
+t36: test.rc ~MUTATION_TEST.................................... Ok (00:35:45)
+t42: fast.rc alignment4.rc..................................... Ok (00:13:03)
+t43: fast.rc alignment5.rc..................................... Ok (00:13:32)
+t44: fast.rc alignment6.rc..................................... Ok (00:11:41)
+t41: fast.rc alignment3.rc sqlite3udl.c........................ Ok (00:26:31)
+t45: fast.rc alignment7.rc..................................... Ok (00:12:57)
+t46: fast.rc -fsanitize=undefined.............................. Ok (00:38:18)
+*******************************************************************************
+0 failures on 44 th3makes and 198583082 tests in (07:16:01) 3 cores on bella
+SQLite 3.24.0 2018-05-18 17:58:33 c6071ac99cfa4b6272ac4d739fc61a85acb544f6c1c2a
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>As can be seen above, a single run
+of multitest.tcl invokes th3make dozens of times and takes between 12 and 24
+CPU hours. The middle section of the output shows the arguments to each
+individual th3make run and the result and elapse time for that th3make.
+All build products and output for the separate th3make runs are
+captures in subdirectories for post-test analysis.
+The two-line summary at the bottom shows the total number of errors and tests
+over all th3make runs and the total elapse time, together with the
+<a href="c3ref/c_source_id.html">SQLITE_SOURCE_ID</a> information for the version of SQLite that was
+tested. This summary information is recorded in the
+<a href="https://www.sqlite.org/checklists">release
+checklist</a> during final testing.
+
+</p><p>Abbreviations are applied in the multitest.tcl output so that
+each th3make invocation will fit on a single 80-column output line.
+The initial "th3make" verb is omitted.
+"~" is shorthand for "-DSQLITE_" and "++" is stands for
+"-DSQLITE_ENABLE". Hence, multitest.tcl output line
+
+</p><div class="codeblock"><pre>quick.rc ~DISABLE_INTRINSIC ++RTREE
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Really means
+
+</p><div class="codeblock"><pre>th3make quick.rc -DSQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC -DSQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE
+</pre></div>
+
+<h1 id="test_coverage"><span>4. </span>Test Coverage</h1>
+
+<p>Using one particular subset of the available TH3 test modules (the "cov1"
+tests) SQLite obtained
+<a href="testing.html#coverage">100% branch test coverage</a> and 100% <a href="testing.html#mcdc">MC/DC</a> as measured
+by <a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Gcov.html">gcov</a>
+on Linux x86 and x86_64 hardware. All releases of SQLite since
+<a href="releaselog/3_6_17.html">version 3.6.17</a> (2009-08-10) have been tested to this standard.
+The SQLite developers
+are committed to maintaining 100% branch coverage and MC/DC for all
+future releases of SQLite.</p>
+
+<p>The cov1 test set used to obtain 100% branch test coverage are only a
+subset of the tests currently implemented using TH3. New test modules are
+added on a regular basis.</p>
+
+<a name="muttest"></a>
+
+<h1 id="mutation_testing"><span>5. </span>Mutation Testing</h1>
+
+<p>The TH3 source tree contains a scripted name
+"mutation-test.tcl" that automates the process of
+<a href="testing.html#mutationtests">mutation testing</a>.
+
+</p><p>The mutation-test.tcl script takes care of all of the details for
+running a mutation test:
+
+</p><ol>
+<li> The script compiles the TH3 test harness into machine code ("th3.o") if
+ necessary.
+</li><li> The script compiles the sqlite3.c source file into assembly language
+ ("sqlite3.s") if necessary.
+</li><li> The script loops through instructions in the assembly language file
+ to locate branch operations.
+ <ol type="a">
+ <li>The script makes a copy of the original sqlite3.s file.
+ </li><li>The copy is edited to change the branch instruction into either
+ a no-op or an unconditional jump.
+ </li><li>The copy of sqlite3.s is assembled into sqlite3.o then linked
+ again th3.o to generate the "th3" executable.
+ </li><li>The "th3" binary is run and the output checked for errors.
+ </li></ol>
+</li><li> The script shows progress for each cycle of the previous step then
+ displays a summary of "survivors" at the end. A "survivor" is a
+ mutation that was not detected by TH3.
+</li></ol>
+
+<p>Mutation testing can be slow, since each test can take up to 5
+minutes on a fast workstation, and there are two tests for each
+branch instructions, and over 20,000 branch instructions. Efforts are
+made to expedite operation. For example, TH3 is compiled in such a
+way that it exits as soon as it finds the first error, and as many
+of the mutations are easily detected, many cycles happen in only
+a few seconds. Nevertheless, the mutation-test.tcl script includes
+command-line options to limit the range of code lines tested so that
+mutation testing only needs to be performed on blocks of code that
+have recently changed.
+
+</p><h1 id="th3_license"><span>6. </span>TH3 License</h1>
+
+<p>SQLite itself is in the <a href="copyright.html">public domain</a> and
+can be used for any purpose. But TH3 is proprietary and requires a license.
+</p>
+
+<p>Even though open-source users do not have direct access to TH3, all
+users of SQLite benefit from TH3 indirectly since each version of SQLite is
+validated running TH3 on multiple platforms (Linux, Windows, WinRT, Mac,
+OpenBSD) prior to release. So anyone using an official release
+of SQLite can deploy their application with the confidence of knowing that
+it has been tested using TH3. They simply cannot rerun those tests
+themselves without purchasing a TH3 license.</p>
+<p align="center"><small><i>This page last modified on <a href="https://sqlite.org/docsrc/honeypot" id="mtimelink" data-href="https://sqlite.org/docsrc/finfo/pages/th3.in?m=7955ba7a189628a83">2018-05-19 14:21:54</a> UTC </small></i></p>
+