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+antiRobotGo(); +}, 100) +antiRobotGo(); +} +antiRobotDefense(); +</script> +<div class=fancy> +<div class=nosearch> +<div class="fancy_title"> +Built-in Aggregate Functions +</div> +</div> + + + + + +<h1 id="syntax"><span>1. </span>Syntax</h1> +<p><b><a href="syntax/aggregate-function-invocation.html">aggregate-function-invocation:</a></b> +<button id='x1239' onclick='hideorshow("x1239","x1240")'>hide</button></p> + <div id='x1240' class='imgcontainer'> + <div style="max-width:819px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 819.533 117.504"> +<circle cx="5" cy="56" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +<polygon points="32,56 20,60 20,52" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/> +<path d="M9,56L26,56" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +<path d="M47,71L156,71A15 15 0 0 0 171 56A15 15 0 0 0 156 41L47,41A15 15 0 0 0 32 56A15 15 0 0 0 47 71Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +<text x="102" y="56" 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style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +</svg> +</div> +</div> +<p><b><a href="syntax/compound-operator.html">compound-operator:</a></b> +<button id='x1257' onclick='hideorshow("x1257","x1258")'>show</button></p> + <div id='x1258' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'> + <div style="max-width:293px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 293.842 147.96"> +<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +<polygon points="32,17 20,21 20,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/> +<path d="M9,17L26,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +<polygon points="68,17 56,21 56,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/> +<path d="M32,17L62,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +<path d="M83,32L127,32A15 15 0 0 0 142 17A15 15 0 0 0 127 2L83,2A15 15 0 0 0 68 17A15 15 0 0 0 83 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +<text x="105" y="17" text-anchor="middle" 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style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +<path d="M74,47 L 33,47 Q 18,47 18,32 L 18,32 Q 18,17 26,17 L 33,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +<polygon points="382,17 371,21 371,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/> +<path d="M102,17L377,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +<path d="M382,17L630,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +</svg> +</div> +<p><b><a href="syntax/signed-number.html">signed-number:</a></b> +<button id='x1277' onclick='hideorshow("x1277","x1278")'>show</button></p> + <div id='x1278' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'> + <div style="max-width:292px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 292.013 99.576"> +<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +<polygon points="50,44 39,48 39,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/> +<path d="M9,17 L 16,17 Q 24,17 24,30 Q 24,44 34,44 L 45,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +<path d="M66,59A15 15 0 0 0 81 44L81,44A15 15 0 0 0 66 29A15 15 0 0 0 50 44L50,44A15 15 0 0 0 66 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +<text x="66" y="44" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">+</text> +<polygon points="122,17 111,21 111,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/> +<path d="M81,44 L 88,44 Q 96,44 96,30 Q 96,17 106,17 L 116,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +<path d="M137,32L244,32A15 15 0 0 0 259 17A15 15 0 0 0 244 2L137,2A15 15 0 0 0 122 17A15 15 0 0 0 137 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +<text x="191" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">numeric-literal</text> +<polygon points="282,17 271,21 271,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/> +<path d="M259,17L276,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +<circle cx="286" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +<polygon points="50,82 39,86 39,77" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/> +<path d="M9,17 L 16,17 Q 24,17 24,32 L 24,67 Q 24,82 34,82 L 45,82" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +<path d="M66,97A15 15 0 0 0 81 82L81,82A15 15 0 0 0 66 67A15 15 0 0 0 50 82L50,82A15 15 0 0 0 66 97Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +<text x="66" y="82" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">-</text> +<path d="M81,82 L 88,82 Q 96,82 96,67 L 96,44 L 96,29" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +<polygon points="66,17 54,21 54,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/> +<path d="M9,17L60,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +<path d="M66,17L111,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +</svg> +</div> +</div> +</div> +</div> +<p><b><a href="syntax/filter-clause.html">filter-clause:</a></b> +<button id='x1279' onclick='hideorshow("x1279","x1280")'>show</button></p> + <div id='x1280' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'> + <div style="max-width:422px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 422.381 34.56"> +<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +<polygon points="32,17 20,21 20,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/> +<path d="M9,17L26,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +<path d="M47,32L93,32A15 15 0 0 0 108 17A15 15 0 0 0 93 2L47,2A15 15 0 0 0 32 17A15 15 0 0 0 47 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +<text x="70" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">FILTER</text> +<polygon points="131,17 119,21 119,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/> +<path d="M108,17L125,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +<path d="M146,32L146,32A15 15 0 0 0 161 17A15 15 0 0 0 146 2L146,2A15 15 0 0 0 131 17A15 15 0 0 0 146 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +<text x="146" y="17" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">(</text> +<polygon points="184,17 173,21 173,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/> +<path d="M161,17L178,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +<path d="M199,32L249,32A15 15 0 0 0 264 17A15 15 0 0 0 249 2L199,2A15 15 0 0 0 184 17A15 15 0 0 0 199 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +<text x="224" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">WHERE</text> +<polygon points="287,17 275,21 275,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/> +<path d="M264,17L281,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +<path d="M287,32L336,32L336,2L287,2Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +<text x="312" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">expr</text> +<polygon points="359,17 348,21 348,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/> +<path d="M336,17L353,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +<path d="M374,32A15 15 0 0 0 389 17A15 15 0 0 0 374 2A15 15 0 0 0 359 17A15 15 0 0 0 374 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +<text x="374" y="17" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">)</text> +<polygon points="413,17 401,21 401,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/> +<path d="M389,17L407,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +<circle cx="416" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" /> +</svg> +</div> +</div> +</div> + + +<p> +The aggregate functions shown below are available by default. Additional +aggregate functions written in C may be added using the +<a href="c3ref/create_function.html">sqlite3_create_function()</a> +API.</p> + +<p> +In any aggregate function that takes a single argument, that argument +can be preceded by the keyword DISTINCT. In such cases, duplicate +elements are filtered before being passed into the aggregate function. +For example, the function "count(distinct X)" will return the number +of distinct values of column X instead of the total number of non-null +values in column X. +</p> + +<a name="aggfilter"></a> + +<p> +If a FILTER clause is provided, then only rows for which the <i>expr</i> is +true are included in the aggregate. +</p> + +<a name="aggfunclist"></a> + +<h1 id="list_of_built_in_aggregate_functions"><span>2. </span>List of built-in aggregate functions</h1> + +<div class='columns' style='columns: 11em auto;'> +<ul style='padding-top:0;'> +<li><a href='lang_aggfunc.html#avg'>avg(X)</a></li> +<li><a href='lang_aggfunc.html#count'>count(*)</a></li> +<li><a href='lang_aggfunc.html#count'>count(X)</a></li> +<li><a href='lang_aggfunc.html#group_concat'>group_concat(X)</a></li> +<li><a href='lang_aggfunc.html#group_concat'>group_concat(X,Y)</a></li> +<li><a href='lang_aggfunc.html#max_agg'>max(X)</a></li> +<li><a href='lang_aggfunc.html#min_agg'>min(X)</a></li> +<li><a href='lang_aggfunc.html#sumunc'>sum(X)</a></li> +<li><a href='lang_aggfunc.html#sumunc'>total(X)</a></li> +</ul> +</div> + + +<h1 id="descriptions_of_built_in_aggregate_functions"><span>3. </span>Descriptions of built-in aggregate functions</h1> +<dl> + +<a name="avg"></a> +<dt><p><b>avg(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p> + The avg() function + returns the average value of all non-NULL <i>X</i> within a + group. String and BLOB values that do not look like numbers are + interpreted as 0. + The result of avg() is always a floating point value whenever + there is at least one non-NULL input even if all + inputs are integers. The result of avg() is NULL if and only if + there are no non-NULL inputs. +</dd> +<a name="count"></a> +<dt><p><b>count(<i>X</i>)<br />count(*)</b></dt><dd><p> + The count(X) function returns + a count of the number of times + that <i>X</i> is not NULL in a group. The count(*) function + (with no arguments) returns the total number of rows in the group. +</dd> +<a name="group_concat"></a> +<dt><p><b>group_concat(<i>X</i>)<br />group_concat(<i>X</i>,<i>Y</i>)</b></dt><dd><p> + The group_concat() function returns + a string which is the concatenation of + all non-NULL values of <i>X</i>. If parameter <i>Y</i> is present then + it is used as the separator + between instances of <i>X</i>. A comma (",") is used as the separator + if <i>Y</i> is omitted. The order of the concatenated elements is + arbitrary. +</dd> +<a name="max_agg"></a> +<dt><p><b>max(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p> + The max() aggregate function + returns the maximum value of all values in the group. + The maximum value is the value that would be returned last in an + ORDER BY on the same column. Aggregate max() returns NULL + if and only if there are no non-NULL values in the group. +</dd> +<a name="min_agg"></a> +<dt><p><b>min(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p> + The min() aggregate function + returns the minimum non-NULL value of all values in the group. + The minimum value is the first non-NULL value that would appear + in an ORDER BY of the column. + Aggregate min() returns NULL if and only if there are no non-NULL + values in the group. +</dd> +<a name="sumunc"></a> +<dt><p><b>sum(<i>X</i>)<br />total(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p> + The sum() and total() aggregate functions + return the sum of all non-NULL values in the group. + If there are no non-NULL input rows then sum() returns + NULL but total() returns 0.0. + NULL is not normally a helpful result for the sum of no rows + but the SQL standard requires it and most other + SQL database engines implement sum() that way so SQLite does it in the + same way in order to be compatible. The non-standard total() function + is provided as a convenient way to work around this design problem + in the SQL language.</p> + + <p>The result of total() is always a floating point value. + The result of sum() is an integer value if all non-NULL inputs are integers. + If any input to sum() is neither an integer nor a NULL, + then sum() returns a floating point value + which is an approximation of the mathematical sum.</p> + + <p>Sum() will throw an "integer overflow" exception if all inputs + are integers or NULL + and an integer overflow occurs at any point during the computation. + Total() never throws an integer overflow. +</dd> + +</dl> +<p align="center"><small><i>This page last modified on <a href="https://sqlite.org/docsrc/honeypot" id="mtimelink" data-href="https://sqlite.org/docsrc/finfo/pages/lang_aggfunc.in?m=fc47888e5026f0547">2022-01-20 21:38:08</a> UTC </small></i></p> + |