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DELETE
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Table Of Contents
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<div class="fancy-toc1"><a href="#restrictions_on_delete_statements_within_create_trigger">2. Restrictions on DELETE Statements Within CREATE TRIGGER</a></div>
<div class="fancy-toc1"><a href="#optional_limit_and_order_by_clauses">3. Optional LIMIT and ORDER BY clauses</a></div>
<div class="fancy-toc1"><a href="#the_truncate_optimization">4. The Truncate Optimization</a></div>
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<h1 id="overview"><span>1. </span>Overview</h1>
<p><b><a href="syntax/delete-stmt.html">delete-stmt:</a></b>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/common-table-expression.html">common-table-expression:</a></b>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/select-stmt.html">select-stmt:</a></b>
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<path d="M525,1155L597,1155" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
</svg>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/compound-operator.html">compound-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x1649' onclick='hideorshow("x1649","x1650")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1650' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<div style="max-width:293px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 293.842 147.96">
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<path d="M83,32L127,32A15 15 0 0 0 142 17A15 15 0 0 0 127 2L83,2A15 15 0 0 0 68 17A15 15 0 0 0 83 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="105" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">UNION</text>
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<text x="125" y="92" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">INTERSECT</text>
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<path d="M180,70L195,70A15 15 0 0 0 210 55L210,55A15 15 0 0 0 195 39L180,39A15 15 0 0 0 165 55L165,55A15 15 0 0 0 180 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M183,92L227,92" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M233,92 L 240,92 Q 248,92 248,77 L 248,54 L 248,39" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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</svg>
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-clause.html">join-clause:</a></b>
<button id='x1651' onclick='hideorshow("x1651","x1652")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1652' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<div style="max-width:793px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 793.282 84.24">
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<path d="M9,17L26,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M32,32L193,32L193,2L32,2Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="112" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">table-or-subquery</text>
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<path d="M259,62L380,62L380,32L259,32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="319" y="47" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">join-operator</text>
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<path d="M403,62L564,62L564,32L403,32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M587,62L721,62L721,32L587,32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="654" y="47" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">join-constraint</text>
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<path d="M483,77 L 247,77 Q 232,77 232,62 L 232,62 Q 232,47 246,47 L 259,47" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
</svg>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-constraint.html">join-constraint:</a></b>
<button id='x1653' onclick='hideorshow("x1653","x1654")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1654' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<div style="max-width:483px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 483.336 126.576">
<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M66,70L104,70A15 15 0 0 0 120 55L120,55A15 15 0 0 0 104 39L66,39A15 15 0 0 0 50 55L50,55A15 15 0 0 0 66 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M158,70A15 15 0 0 0 173 55L173,55A15 15 0 0 0 158 39A15 15 0 0 0 143 55L143,55A15 15 0 0 0 158 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M224,70L318,70A15 15 0 0 0 333 55L333,55A15 15 0 0 0 318 39L224,39A15 15 0 0 0 209 55L209,55A15 15 0 0 0 224 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<circle cx="477" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M271,108A15 15 0 0 0 286 92A15 15 0 0 0 271 77A15 15 0 0 0 256 92A15 15 0 0 0 271 108Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="271" y="92" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">,</text>
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<path d="M66,32L74,32A15 15 0 0 0 90 17A15 15 0 0 0 74 2L66,2A15 15 0 0 0 50 17A15 15 0 0 0 66 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M113,32L162,32L162,2L113,2Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="137" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">expr</text>
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<path d="M422,17L462,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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</svg>
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-operator.html">join-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x1655' onclick='hideorshow("x1655","x1656")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1656' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<div style="max-width:620px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 620.333 255.312">
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<path d="M302,192L469,192" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M246,253L287,253A15 15 0 0 0 303 238A15 15 0 0 0 287 222L246,222A15 15 0 0 0 231 238A15 15 0 0 0 246 253Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="267" y="238" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">CROSS</text>
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</svg>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/ordering-term.html">ordering-term:</a></b>
<button id='x1657' onclick='hideorshow("x1657","x1658")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1658' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<div style="max-width:798px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 798.451 99.576">
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<path d="M9,17L26,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M32,32L81,32L81,2L32,2Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="56" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">expr</text>
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<path d="M126,59L190,59A15 15 0 0 0 205 44L205,44A15 15 0 0 0 190 29L126,29A15 15 0 0 0 111 44L111,44A15 15 0 0 0 126 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="158" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">COLLATE</text>
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<path d="M244,59L349,59A15 15 0 0 0 364 44L364,44A15 15 0 0 0 349 29L244,29A15 15 0 0 0 228 44L228,44A15 15 0 0 0 244 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M243,17L394,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M462,97L492,97A15 15 0 0 0 508 82A15 15 0 0 0 492 67L462,67A15 15 0 0 0 447 82A15 15 0 0 0 462 97Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="471" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ASC</text>
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<path d="M494,44 L 508,44 Q 523,44 523,36 L 523,29" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M477,17L538,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M606,59L648,59A15 15 0 0 0 663 44L663,44A15 15 0 0 0 648 29L606,29A15 15 0 0 0 591 44L591,44A15 15 0 0 0 606 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="627" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">NULLS</text>
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<path d="M701,59L735,59A15 15 0 0 0 750 44L750,44A15 15 0 0 0 735 29L701,29A15 15 0 0 0 686 44L686,44A15 15 0 0 0 701 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M606,97L648,97A15 15 0 0 0 663 82A15 15 0 0 0 648 67L606,67A15 15 0 0 0 591 82A15 15 0 0 0 606 97Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M701,97L727,97A15 15 0 0 0 742 82A15 15 0 0 0 727 67L701,67A15 15 0 0 0 686 82A15 15 0 0 0 701 97Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="714" y="82" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">LAST</text>
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<path d="M742,82 L 754,82 Q 765,82 765,67 L 765,44 L 765,29" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M549,17L665,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M670,17L780,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
</svg>
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/result-column.html">result-column:</a></b>
<button id='x1659' onclick='hideorshow("x1659","x1660")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1660' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<div style="max-width:398px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 398.054 163.08">
<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<polygon points="45,17 33,21 33,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
<path d="M9,17L39,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M45,32L94,32L94,2L45,2Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="69" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">expr</text>
<polygon points="136,55 124,59 124,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
<path d="M94,17 L 102,17 Q 109,17 109,32 L 109,40 Q 109,55 119,55 L 130,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M151,70L155,70A15 15 0 0 0 170 55L170,55A15 15 0 0 0 155 39L151,39A15 15 0 0 0 136 55L136,55A15 15 0 0 0 151 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="153" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">AS</text>
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<path d="M170,55L200,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M221,70L309,70A15 15 0 0 0 324 55L324,55A15 15 0 0 0 309 39L221,39A15 15 0 0 0 206 55L206,55A15 15 0 0 0 221 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="265" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">column-alias</text>
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<path d="M324,55L341,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<polygon points="388,17 377,21 377,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
<path d="M347,55 L 354,55 Q 362,55 362,40 L 362,32 Q 362,17 372,17 L 382,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<circle cx="392" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M109,39 L 109,70 Q 109,85 124,85 L 132,85 L 147,85" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M153,85 L 170,85 Q 185,85 185,70 L 185,70 Q 185,55 192,55 L 200,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M94,17L235,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M241,17L377,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M66,123A15 15 0 0 0 81 108A15 15 0 0 0 66 92A15 15 0 0 0 50 108A15 15 0 0 0 66 123Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="66" y="108" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">*</text>
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<path d="M81,108L341,108" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M347,108 L 354,108 Q 362,108 362,93 L 362,54 L 362,39" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M66,160L141,160A15 15 0 0 0 156 145A15 15 0 0 0 141 130L66,130A15 15 0 0 0 50 145A15 15 0 0 0 66 160Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="103" y="145" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">table-name</text>
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<path d="M156,145L173,145" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M194,160A15 15 0 0 0 209 145A15 15 0 0 0 194 130A15 15 0 0 0 179 145A15 15 0 0 0 194 160Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="194" y="145" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">.</text>
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<path d="M209,145L226,145" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M247,160A15 15 0 0 0 262 145A15 15 0 0 0 247 130A15 15 0 0 0 232 145A15 15 0 0 0 247 160Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M347,145 L 354,145 Q 362,145 362,130 L 362,107 L 362,92" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
</svg>
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/table-or-subquery.html">table-or-subquery:</a></b>
<button id='x1661' onclick='hideorshow("x1661","x1662")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1662' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<div style="max-width:720px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 720.778 457.704">
<circle cx="5" cy="36" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<p><b><a href="syntax/window-defn.html">window-defn:</a></b>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/frame-spec.html">frame-spec:</a></b>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/expr.html">expr:</a></b>
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<path d="M578,1030 L 585,1030 Q 593,1030 593,1043 Q 593,1057 608,1057 L 742,1057 Q 757,1057 757,1043 Q 757,1030 765,1030 L 772,1030" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M916,1087 L 924,1087 Q 931,1087 931,1072 L 931,32 Q 931,17 939,17 L 946,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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</svg>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/filter-clause.html">filter-clause:</a></b>
<button id='x1669' onclick='hideorshow("x1669","x1670")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1670' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<div style="max-width:422px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 422.381 34.56">
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<path d="M9,17L26,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M47,32L93,32A15 15 0 0 0 108 17A15 15 0 0 0 93 2L47,2A15 15 0 0 0 32 17A15 15 0 0 0 47 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="70" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">FILTER</text>
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<text x="146" y="17" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">(</text>
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<path d="M199,32L249,32A15 15 0 0 0 264 17A15 15 0 0 0 249 2L199,2A15 15 0 0 0 184 17A15 15 0 0 0 199 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/literal-value.html">literal-value:</a></b>
<button id='x1671' onclick='hideorshow("x1671","x1672")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1672' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<div style="max-width:341px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 341.376 336.96">
<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M9,17 L 16,17 Q 24,17 24,32 L 24,304 Q 24,319 34,319 L 45,319" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="159" y="319" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">CURRENT_TIMESTAMP</text>
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<path d="M187,17L320,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M290,92 L 297,92 Q 305,92 305,85 L 305,77" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M290,130 L 297,130 Q 305,130 305,123 L 305,115" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M290,168 L 297,168 Q 305,168 305,160 L 305,153" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M66,221L104,221A15 15 0 0 0 119 206A15 15 0 0 0 104 191L66,191A15 15 0 0 0 50 206A15 15 0 0 0 66 221Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M290,206 L 297,206 Q 305,206 305,198 L 305,191" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M290,244 L 297,244 Q 305,244 305,236 L 305,229" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M66,297L192,297A15 15 0 0 0 207 281A15 15 0 0 0 192 266L66,266A15 15 0 0 0 50 281A15 15 0 0 0 66 297Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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</svg>
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/over-clause.html">over-clause:</a></b>
<button id='x1673' onclick='hideorshow("x1673","x1674")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1674' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<div style="max-width:600px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 600.706 418.392">
<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<polygon points="32,17 20,21 20,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/frame-spec.html">frame-spec:</a></b>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/ordering-term.html">ordering-term:</a></b>
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</svg>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/raise-function.html">raise-function:</a></b>
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<div id='x1680' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<div style="max-width:627px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 627.302 147.96">
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</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/select-stmt.html">select-stmt:</a></b>
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<div id='x1682' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<div style="max-width:669px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 669.677 1162.3">
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<p><b><a href="syntax/compound-operator.html">compound-operator:</a></b>
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<text x="105" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">UNION</text>
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<text x="105" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">UNION</text>
<path d="M83,108L168,108A15 15 0 0 0 183 92A15 15 0 0 0 168 77L83,77A15 15 0 0 0 68 92A15 15 0 0 0 83 108Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="125" y="92" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">INTERSECT</text>
<path d="M83,145L135,145A15 15 0 0 0 150 130A15 15 0 0 0 135 115L83,115A15 15 0 0 0 68 130A15 15 0 0 0 83 145Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="109" y="130" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">EXCEPT</text>
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<path d="M142,55L159,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M180,70L195,70A15 15 0 0 0 210 55L210,55A15 15 0 0 0 195 39L180,39A15 15 0 0 0 165 55L165,55A15 15 0 0 0 180 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="187" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ALL</text>
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<polygon points="284,17 272,21 272,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
<path d="M233,55 L 240,55 Q 248,55 248,40 L 248,32 Q 248,17 263,17 L 263,17 L 278,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<circle cx="288" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<polygon points="68,55 56,59 56,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
<path d="M32,17 L 39,17 Q 47,17 47,32 L 47,40 Q 47,55 55,55 L 62,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M142,17L276,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<polygon points="68,92 56,97 56,88" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
<path d="M47,39 L 47,77 Q 47,92 55,92 L 62,92" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<polygon points="233,92 221,97 221,88" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
<path d="M183,92L227,92" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M233,92 L 240,92 Q 248,92 248,77 L 248,54 L 248,39" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M150,130L227,130" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M233,130 L 240,130 Q 248,130 248,115 L 248,92 L 248,77" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
</svg>
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-clause.html">join-clause:</a></b>
<button id='x1685' onclick='hideorshow("x1685","x1686")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1686' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<div style="max-width:793px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 793.282 84.24">
<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M9,17L26,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M32,32L193,32L193,2L32,2Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="112" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">table-or-subquery</text>
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<path d="M259,62L380,62L380,32L259,32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="319" y="47" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">join-operator</text>
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<path d="M380,47L397,47" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M403,62L564,62L564,32L403,32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="483" y="47" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">table-or-subquery</text>
<polygon points="587,47 575,51 575,43" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
<path d="M564,47L581,47" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M587,62L721,62L721,32L587,32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="654" y="47" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">join-constraint</text>
<polygon points="783,17 772,21 772,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
<path d="M721,47 L 742,47 Q 757,47 757,32 L 757,32 Q 757,17 767,17 L 778,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<circle cx="787" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<polygon points="483,17 472,21 472,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
<path d="M193,17L478,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M483,17L776,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<polygon points="483,77 495,73 495,82" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
<path d="M721,47 L 728,47 Q 736,47 736,62 L 736,62 Q 736,77 721,77 L 504,77 L 489,77" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M483,77 L 247,77 Q 232,77 232,62 L 232,62 Q 232,47 246,47 L 259,47" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
</svg>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-constraint.html">join-constraint:</a></b>
<button id='x1687' onclick='hideorshow("x1687","x1688")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1688' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<div style="max-width:483px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 483.336 126.576">
<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<polygon points="50,55 39,59 39,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
<path d="M9,17 L 16,17 Q 24,17 24,32 L 24,40 Q 24,55 34,55 L 45,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M66,70L104,70A15 15 0 0 0 120 55L120,55A15 15 0 0 0 104 39L66,39A15 15 0 0 0 50 55L50,55A15 15 0 0 0 66 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="85" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">USING</text>
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<path d="M120,55L137,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M158,70A15 15 0 0 0 173 55L173,55A15 15 0 0 0 158 39A15 15 0 0 0 143 55L143,55A15 15 0 0 0 158 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="158" y="55" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">(</text>
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<path d="M173,55L203,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M224,70L318,70A15 15 0 0 0 333 55L333,55A15 15 0 0 0 318 39L224,39A15 15 0 0 0 209 55L209,55A15 15 0 0 0 224 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="271" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">column-name</text>
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<path d="M333,55L363,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M384,70A15 15 0 0 0 399 55L399,55A15 15 0 0 0 384 39A15 15 0 0 0 369 55L369,55A15 15 0 0 0 384 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="384" y="55" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">)</text>
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<path d="M399,55L417,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<polygon points="473,17 462,21 462,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
<path d="M422,55 L 430,55 Q 437,55 437,40 L 437,32 Q 437,17 452,17 L 453,17 L 468,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<circle cx="477" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M271,108A15 15 0 0 0 286 92A15 15 0 0 0 271 77A15 15 0 0 0 256 92A15 15 0 0 0 271 108Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="271" y="92" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">,</text>
<polygon points="286,92 298,88 298,97" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
<path d="M333,55 L 341,55 Q 348,55 348,70 L 348,77 Q 348,92 333,92 L 307,92 L 292,92" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M256,92 L 197,92 Q 182,92 182,77 L 182,70 Q 182,55 190,55 L 197,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<polygon points="50,17 39,21 39,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
<path d="M9,17L45,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M66,32L74,32A15 15 0 0 0 90 17A15 15 0 0 0 74 2L66,2A15 15 0 0 0 50 17A15 15 0 0 0 66 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="70" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ON</text>
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<path d="M90,17L107,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M113,32L162,32L162,2L113,2Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="137" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">expr</text>
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<path d="M162,17L417,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M422,17L462,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<polygon points="209,120 197,124 197,115" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M209,120 L 422,120 Q 437,120 437,105 L 437,54 L 437,39" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
</svg>
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-operator.html">join-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x1689' onclick='hideorshow("x1689","x1690")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1690' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<div style="max-width:620px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 620.333 255.312">
<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<polygon points="50,71 39,76 39,67" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
<path d="M9,17 L 16,17 Q 24,17 24,32 L 24,56 Q 24,71 34,71 L 45,71" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M66,86L133,86A15 15 0 0 0 148 71A15 15 0 0 0 133 56L66,56A15 15 0 0 0 50 71A15 15 0 0 0 66 86Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="99" y="71" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">NATURAL</text>
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<path d="M148,71 L 155,71 Q 163,71 163,56 L 163,56 Q 163,41 173,41 L 184,41" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M246,86L273,86A15 15 0 0 0 288 71A15 15 0 0 0 273 56L246,56A15 15 0 0 0 231 71A15 15 0 0 0 246 86Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="259" y="71" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">LEFT</text>
<polygon points="378,71 366,76 366,67" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
<path d="M288,71L372,71" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M393,86L437,86A15 15 0 0 0 452 71A15 15 0 0 0 437 56L393,56A15 15 0 0 0 378 71A15 15 0 0 0 393 86Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="415" y="71" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">OUTER</text>
<polygon points="475,71 463,76 463,67" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
<path d="M452,71L469,71" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<polygon points="516,41 505,45 505,37" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
<path d="M475,71 L 482,71 Q 490,71 490,56 L 490,56 Q 490,41 500,41 L 511,41" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M532,56L554,56A15 15 0 0 0 569 41A15 15 0 0 0 554 26L532,26A15 15 0 0 0 516 41A15 15 0 0 0 532 56Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="543" y="41" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">JOIN</text>
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<path d="M569,41 L 576,41 Q 584,41 584,29 Q 584,17 594,17 L 605,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<circle cx="614" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M310,32A15 15 0 0 0 325 17A15 15 0 0 0 310 2A15 15 0 0 0 295 17A15 15 0 0 0 310 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="310" y="17" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">,</text>
<polygon points="295,17 283,21 283,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
<path d="M9,17L289,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M325,17L599,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M99,41L178,41" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M189,41L505,41" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<polygon points="378,41 366,45 366,37" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M189,41 L 197,41 Q 204,41 204,56 L 204,94 Q 204,109 215,109 L 225,109" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M246,124L284,124A15 15 0 0 0 299 109A15 15 0 0 0 284 94L246,94A15 15 0 0 0 231 109A15 15 0 0 0 246 124Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="265" y="109" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">RIGHT</text>
<polygon points="341,71 329,76 329,67" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M189,41 L 197,41 Q 204,41 204,56 L 204,132 Q 204,147 215,147 L 225,147" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M246,162L274,162A15 15 0 0 0 289 147A15 15 0 0 0 274 132L246,132A15 15 0 0 0 231 147A15 15 0 0 0 246 162Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="260" y="147" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">FULL</text>
<path d="M289,147 L 302,147 Q 314,147 314,132 L 314,109 L 314,94" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M246,207L287,207A15 15 0 0 0 302 192A15 15 0 0 0 287 177L246,177A15 15 0 0 0 231 192A15 15 0 0 0 246 207Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="267" y="192" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">INNER</text>
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<path d="M302,192L469,192" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M475,192 L 482,192 Q 490,192 490,185 L 490,177" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M246,253L287,253A15 15 0 0 0 303 238A15 15 0 0 0 287 222L246,222A15 15 0 0 0 231 238A15 15 0 0 0 246 253Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="267" y="238" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">CROSS</text>
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<path d="M303,238L469,238" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M475,238 L 482,238 Q 490,238 490,223 L 490,71 L 490,56" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
</svg>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/ordering-term.html">ordering-term:</a></b>
<button id='x1691' onclick='hideorshow("x1691","x1692")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1692' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<div style="max-width:798px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 798.451 99.576">
<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<p><b><a href="syntax/result-column.html">result-column:</a></b>
<button id='x1693' onclick='hideorshow("x1693","x1694")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1694' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/table-or-subquery.html">table-or-subquery:</a></b>
<button id='x1695' onclick='hideorshow("x1695","x1696")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1696' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<div style="max-width:720px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 720.778 457.704">
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<p><b><a href="syntax/window-defn.html">window-defn:</a></b>
<button id='x1697' onclick='hideorshow("x1697","x1698")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1698' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
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</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/frame-spec.html">frame-spec:</a></b>
<button id='x1699' onclick='hideorshow("x1699","x1700")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1700' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<div style="max-width:1039px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 1039.65 522.72">
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</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/type-name.html">type-name:</a></b>
<button id='x1701' onclick='hideorshow("x1701","x1702")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1702' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<div style="max-width:661px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 661.008 110.16">
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</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/signed-number.html">signed-number:</a></b>
<button id='x1703' onclick='hideorshow("x1703","x1704")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1704' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<div style="max-width:292px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 292.013 99.576">
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<path d="M66,59A15 15 0 0 0 81 44L81,44A15 15 0 0 0 66 29A15 15 0 0 0 50 44L50,44A15 15 0 0 0 66 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M66,17L111,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
</svg>
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</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/qualified-table-name.html">qualified-table-name:</a></b>
<button id='x1705' onclick='hideorshow("x1705","x1706")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1706' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<div style="max-width:599px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 599.746 182.736">
<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M9,17L39,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M60,32L156,32A15 15 0 0 0 171 17A15 15 0 0 0 156 2L60,2A15 15 0 0 0 45 17A15 15 0 0 0 60 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="108" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">schema-name</text>
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<path d="M210,32A15 15 0 0 0 225 17A15 15 0 0 0 210 2A15 15 0 0 0 195 17A15 15 0 0 0 210 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M423,59L427,59A15 15 0 0 0 442 44L442,44A15 15 0 0 0 427 29L423,29A15 15 0 0 0 408 44L408,44A15 15 0 0 0 423 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/returning-clause.html">returning-clause:</a></b>
<button id='x1707' onclick='hideorshow("x1707","x1708")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1708' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<div style="max-width:628px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 628.709 140.4">
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<text x="87" y="47" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">RETURNING</text>
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</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>The DELETE command removes records from the table identified by the
<a href="syntax/qualified-table-name.html">qualified-table-name</a>.
</p><p>If the WHERE clause is not present, all records in the table are deleted.
If a WHERE clause is supplied, then only those rows for which the
WHERE clause <a href="lang_expr.html#booleanexpr">boolean expression</a> is true are deleted.
Rows for which the expression is false or NULL are retained.
</p><p>
</p><h1 id="restrictions_on_delete_statements_within_create_trigger"><span>2. </span>Restrictions on DELETE Statements Within CREATE TRIGGER</h1>
<p>The following restrictions apply to DELETE statements that occur within the
body of a <a href="lang_createtrigger.html">CREATE TRIGGER</a> statement:
</p><ul>
<li><p>The <span class='yyterm'>table-name</span> specified as part of a
DELETE statement within
a trigger body must be unqualified. In other words, the
<i>schema-name</i><b>.</b> prefix on the table name is not allowed
within triggers. If the table to which the trigger is attached is
not in the temp database, then DELETE statements within the trigger
body must operate on tables within the same database as it. If the table
to which the trigger is attached is in the TEMP database, then the
unqualified name of the table being deleted is resolved in the same way as
it is for a top-level statement (by searching first the TEMP database, then
the main database, then any other databases in the order they were
attached).
</p></li><li><p>The INDEXED BY and NOT INDEXED clauses are not allowed on DELETE
statements within triggers.</p>
</li><li><p>The LIMIT and ORDER BY clauses (described below) are unsupported for
DELETE statements within triggers.</p>
</li><li><p>The RETURNING clause is not supported for triggers.
</p></li></ul>
<h1 id="optional_limit_and_order_by_clauses"><span>3. </span>Optional LIMIT and ORDER BY clauses</h1>
<p>If SQLite is compiled with the <a href="compile.html#enable_update_delete_limit">SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT</a>
compile-time option, then the syntax of the DELETE statement is
extended by the addition of optional ORDER BY and LIMIT clauses:</p>
<p><b><a href="syntax/delete-stmt-limited.html">delete-stmt-limited:</a></b></p><div class='imgcontainer'>
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<p>If a DELETE statement has a LIMIT clause, the maximum number of rows that
will be deleted is found by evaluating the accompanying expression and casting
it to an integer value. If the result of the evaluating the LIMIT clause
cannot be losslessly converted to an integer value, it is an error. A
negative LIMIT value is interpreted as "no limit". If the DELETE statement
also has an OFFSET clause, then it is similarly evaluated and cast to an
integer value. Again, it is an error if the value cannot be losslessly
converted to an integer. If there is no OFFSET clause, or the calculated
integer value is negative, the effective OFFSET value is zero.
</p><p>If the DELETE statement has an ORDER BY clause, then all rows that would
be deleted in the absence of the LIMIT clause are sorted according to the
ORDER BY. The first <i>M</i> rows, where <i>M</i> is the value found by
evaluating the OFFSET clause expression, are skipped, and the following
<i>N</i>, where <i>N</i> is the value of the LIMIT expression, are deleted.
If there are less than <i>N</i> rows remaining after taking the OFFSET clause
into account, or if the LIMIT clause evaluated to a negative value, then all
remaining rows are deleted.
</p><p>If the DELETE statement has no ORDER BY clause, then all rows that
would be deleted in the absence of the LIMIT clause are assembled in an
arbitrary order before applying the LIMIT and OFFSET clauses to determine
the subset that are actually deleted.
</p><p>The ORDER BY clause on a DELETE statement is used only to determine which
rows fall within the LIMIT. The order in which rows are deleted is arbitrary
and is not influenced by the ORDER BY clause.
This means that if there is a <a href="lang_returning.html">RETURNING clause</a>, the rows returned by
the statement probably will not be in the order specified by the
ORDER BY clause.
<a name="truncateopt"></a>
</p><h1 id="the_truncate_optimization"><span>4. </span>The Truncate Optimization</h1>
<p>When the WHERE clause and RETURNING clause are both omitted
from a DELETE statement and the table being deleted has no triggers,
SQLite uses an optimization to erase the entire table content
without having to visit each row of the table individually.
This "truncate" optimization makes the delete run much faster.
Prior to SQLite <a href="releaselog/3_6_5.html">version 3.6.5</a> (2008-11-12), the truncate optimization
also meant that the <a href="c3ref/changes.html">sqlite3_changes()</a> and
<a href="c3ref/total_changes.html">sqlite3_total_changes()</a> interfaces
and the <a href="pragma.html#pragma_count_changes">count_changes pragma</a>
will not actually return the number of deleted rows.
That problem has been fixed as of <a href="releaselog/3_6_5.html">version 3.6.5</a> (2008-11-12).
</p><p>The truncate optimization can be permanently disabled for all queries
by recompiling
SQLite with the <a href="compile.html#omit_truncate_optimization">SQLITE_OMIT_TRUNCATE_OPTIMIZATION</a> compile-time switch.</p>
<p>The truncate optimization can also be disabled at runtime using
the <a href="c3ref/set_authorizer.html">sqlite3_set_authorizer()</a> interface. If an authorizer callback
returns <a href="c3ref/c_deny.html">SQLITE_IGNORE</a> for an <a href="c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_DELETE</a> action code, then
the DELETE operation will proceed but the truncate optimization will
be bypassed and rows will be deleted one by one.</p>
<p align="center"><small><i>This page last modified on <a href="https://sqlite.org/docsrc/honeypot" id="mtimelink" data-href="https://sqlite.org/docsrc/finfo/pages/lang_delete.in?m=9710a614b3f096162">2021-02-02 12:11:09</a> UTC </small></i></p>
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