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diff --git a/man/sd_notify.xml b/man/sd_notify.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..de40295 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/sd_notify.xml @@ -0,0 +1,471 @@ +<?xml version='1.0'?> +<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN" + "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"> +<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later --> + +<refentry id="sd_notify" + xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> + + <refentryinfo> + <title>sd_notify</title> + <productname>systemd</productname> + </refentryinfo> + + <refmeta> + <refentrytitle>sd_notify</refentrytitle> + <manvolnum>3</manvolnum> + </refmeta> + + <refnamediv> + <refname>sd_notify</refname> + <refname>sd_notifyf</refname> + <refname>sd_pid_notify</refname> + <refname>sd_pid_notifyf</refname> + <refname>sd_pid_notify_with_fds</refname> + <refname>sd_notify_barrier</refname> + <refpurpose>Notify service manager about start-up completion and other service status changes</refpurpose> + </refnamediv> + + <refsynopsisdiv> + <funcsynopsis> + <funcsynopsisinfo>#include <systemd/sd-daemon.h></funcsynopsisinfo> + + <funcprototype> + <funcdef>int <function>sd_notify</function></funcdef> + <paramdef>int <parameter>unset_environment</parameter></paramdef> + <paramdef>const char *<parameter>state</parameter></paramdef> + </funcprototype> + + <funcprototype> + <funcdef>int <function>sd_notifyf</function></funcdef> + <paramdef>int <parameter>unset_environment</parameter></paramdef> + <paramdef>const char *<parameter>format</parameter></paramdef> + <paramdef>…</paramdef> + </funcprototype> + + <funcprototype> + <funcdef>int <function>sd_pid_notify</function></funcdef> + <paramdef>pid_t <parameter>pid</parameter></paramdef> + <paramdef>int <parameter>unset_environment</parameter></paramdef> + <paramdef>const char *<parameter>state</parameter></paramdef> + </funcprototype> + + <funcprototype> + <funcdef>int <function>sd_pid_notifyf</function></funcdef> + <paramdef>pid_t <parameter>pid</parameter></paramdef> + <paramdef>int <parameter>unset_environment</parameter></paramdef> + <paramdef>const char *<parameter>format</parameter></paramdef> + <paramdef>…</paramdef> + </funcprototype> + + <funcprototype> + <funcdef>int <function>sd_pid_notify_with_fds</function></funcdef> + <paramdef>pid_t <parameter>pid</parameter></paramdef> + <paramdef>int <parameter>unset_environment</parameter></paramdef> + <paramdef>const char *<parameter>state</parameter></paramdef> + <paramdef>const int *<parameter>fds</parameter></paramdef> + <paramdef>unsigned <parameter>n_fds</parameter></paramdef> + </funcprototype> + + <funcprototype> + <funcdef>int <function>sd_notify_barrier</function></funcdef> + <paramdef>int <parameter>unset_environment</parameter></paramdef> + <paramdef>uint64_t <parameter>timeout</parameter></paramdef> + </funcprototype> + </funcsynopsis> + </refsynopsisdiv> + + <refsect1> + <title>Description</title> + <para><function>sd_notify()</function> may be called by a service + to notify the service manager about state changes. It can be used + to send arbitrary information, encoded in an + environment-block-like string. Most importantly, it can be used for + start-up completion notification.</para> + + <para>If the <parameter>unset_environment</parameter> parameter is + non-zero, <function>sd_notify()</function> will unset the + <varname>$NOTIFY_SOCKET</varname> environment variable before + returning (regardless of whether the function call itself + succeeded or not). Further calls to + <function>sd_notify()</function> will then fail, but the variable + is no longer inherited by child processes.</para> + + <para>The <parameter>state</parameter> parameter should contain a + newline-separated list of variable assignments, similar in style + to an environment block. A trailing newline is implied if none is + specified. The string may contain any kind of variable + assignments, but the following shall be considered + well-known:</para> + + <variablelist> + <varlistentry> + <term>READY=1</term> + + <listitem><para>Tells the service manager that service startup is finished, or the service finished loading its + configuration. This is only used by systemd if the service definition file has <varname>Type=notify</varname> + set. Since there is little value in signaling non-readiness, the only value services should send is + <literal>READY=1</literal> (i.e. <literal>READY=0</literal> is not defined).</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term>RELOADING=1</term> + + <listitem><para>Tells the service manager that the service is + reloading its configuration. This is useful to allow the + service manager to track the service's internal state, and + present it to the user. Note that a service that sends this + notification must also send a <literal>READY=1</literal> + notification when it completed reloading its + configuration. Reloads are propagated in the same way as they + are when initiated by the user.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term>STOPPING=1</term> + + <listitem><para>Tells the service manager that the service is + beginning its shutdown. This is useful to allow the service + manager to track the service's internal state, and present it + to the user.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term>STATUS=…</term> + + <listitem><para>Passes a single-line UTF-8 status string back + to the service manager that describes the service state. This + is free-form and can be used for various purposes: general + state feedback, fsck-like programs could pass completion + percentages and failing programs could pass a human-readable + error message. Example: <literal>STATUS=Completed 66% of file + system check…</literal></para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term>ERRNO=…</term> + + <listitem><para>If a service fails, the errno-style error + code, formatted as string. Example: <literal>ERRNO=2</literal> + for ENOENT.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term>BUSERROR=…</term> + + <listitem><para>If a service fails, the D-Bus error-style + error code. Example: + <literal>BUSERROR=org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.TimedOut</literal></para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term>MAINPID=…</term> + + <listitem><para>The main process ID (PID) of the service, in + case the service manager did not fork off the process itself. + Example: <literal>MAINPID=4711</literal></para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term>WATCHDOG=1</term> + + <listitem><para>Tells the service manager to update the + watchdog timestamp. This is the keep-alive ping that services + need to issue in regular intervals if + <varname>WatchdogSec=</varname> is enabled for it. See + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> + for information how to enable this functionality and + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_watchdog_enabled</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> + for the details of how the service can check whether the + watchdog is enabled. </para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term>WATCHDOG=trigger</term> + + <listitem><para>Tells the service manager that the service detected an internal error that should be handled by + the configured watchdog options. This will trigger the same behaviour as if <varname>WatchdogSec=</varname> is + enabled and the service did not send <literal>WATCHDOG=1</literal> in time. Note that + <varname>WatchdogSec=</varname> does not need to be enabled for <literal>WATCHDOG=trigger</literal> to trigger + the watchdog action. See + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for + information about the watchdog behavior. </para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term>WATCHDOG_USEC=…</term> + + <listitem><para>Reset <varname>watchdog_usec</varname> value during runtime. + Notice that this is not available when using <function>sd_event_set_watchdog()</function> + or <function>sd_watchdog_enabled()</function>. + Example : <literal>WATCHDOG_USEC=20000000</literal></para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term>EXTEND_TIMEOUT_USEC=…</term> + + <listitem><para>Tells the service manager to extend the startup, runtime or shutdown service timeout + corresponding the current state. The value specified is a time in microseconds during which the service must + send a new message. A service timeout will occur if the message isn't received, but only if the runtime of the + current state is beyond the original maximum times of <varname>TimeoutStartSec=</varname>, <varname>RuntimeMaxSec=</varname>, + and <varname>TimeoutStopSec=</varname>. + See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> + for effects on the service timeouts.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term>FDSTORE=1</term> + + <listitem><para>Stores additional file descriptors in the service manager. File descriptors sent this way will + be maintained per-service by the service manager and will later be handed back using the usual file descriptor + passing logic at the next invocation of the service (e.g. when it is restarted), see + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_listen_fds</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>. This is + useful for implementing services that can restart after an explicit request or a crash without losing + state. Any open sockets and other file descriptors which should not be closed during the restart may be stored + this way. Application state can either be serialized to a file in <filename>/run/</filename>, or better, stored + in a <citerefentry><refentrytitle>memfd_create</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> memory + file descriptor. Note that the service manager will accept messages for a service only if its + <varname>FileDescriptorStoreMax=</varname> setting is non-zero (defaults to zero, see + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>). If + <varname>FDPOLL=0</varname> is not set and the file descriptors sent are pollable (see + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>epoll_ctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>), then any + <constant>EPOLLHUP</constant> or <constant>EPOLLERR</constant> event seen on them will result in their + automatic removal from the store. Multiple arrays of file descriptors may be sent in separate messages, in + which case the arrays are combined. Note that the service manager removes duplicate (pointing to the same + object) file descriptors before passing them to the service. When a service is stopped, its file descriptor + store is discarded and all file descriptors in it are closed. Use <function>sd_pid_notify_with_fds()</function> + to send messages with <literal>FDSTORE=1</literal>, see below.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term>FDSTOREREMOVE=1</term> + + <listitem><para>Removes file descriptors from the file descriptor store. This field needs to be combined with + <varname>FDNAME=</varname> to specify the name of the file descriptors to remove.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term>FDNAME=…</term> + + <listitem><para>When used in combination with <varname>FDSTORE=1</varname>, specifies a name for the submitted + file descriptors. When used with <varname>FDSTOREREMOVE=1</varname>, specifies the name for the file + descriptors to remove. This name is passed to the service during activation, and may be queried using + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_listen_fds_with_names</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>. File + descriptors submitted without this field set, will implicitly get the name <literal>stored</literal> + assigned. Note that, if multiple file descriptors are submitted at once, the specified name will be assigned to + all of them. In order to assign different names to submitted file descriptors, submit them in separate + invocations of <function>sd_pid_notify_with_fds()</function>. The name may consist of arbitrary ASCII + characters except control characters or <literal>:</literal>. It may not be longer than 255 characters. If a + submitted name does not follow these restrictions, it is ignored.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term>FDPOLL=0</term> + + <listitem><para>When used in combination with <varname>FDSTORE=1</varname>, disables polling of the stored + file descriptors regardless of whether or not they are pollable. As this option disables automatic cleanup + of the stored file descriptors on EPOLLERR and EPOLLHUP, care must be taken to ensure proper manual cleanup. + Use of this option is not generally recommended except for when automatic cleanup has unwanted behavior such + as prematurely discarding file descriptors from the store.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term>BARRIER=1</term> + + <listitem><para>Tells the service manager that the client is explicitly requesting synchronization by + means of closing the file descriptor sent with this command. The service manager guarantees that the + processing of a <varname>BARRIER=1</varname> command will only happen after all previous notification + messages sent before this command have been processed. Hence, this command accompanied with a single + file descriptor can be used to synchronize against reception of all previous status messages. Note + that this command cannot be mixed with other notifications, and has to be sent in a separate message + to the service manager, otherwise all assignments will be ignored. Note that sending 0 or more than 1 + file descriptor with this command is a violation of the protocol.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + </variablelist> + + <para>It is recommended to prefix variable names that are not + listed above with <varname>X_</varname> to avoid namespace + clashes.</para> + + <para>Note that systemd will accept status data sent from a + service only if the <varname>NotifyAccess=</varname> option is + correctly set in the service definition file. See + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> + for details.</para> + + <para>Note that <function>sd_notify()</function> notifications may be attributed to units correctly only if either + the sending process is still around at the time PID 1 processes the message, or if the sending process is + explicitly runtime-tracked by the service manager. The latter is the case if the service manager originally forked + off the process, i.e. on all processes that match <varname>NotifyAccess=</varname><option>main</option> or + <varname>NotifyAccess=</varname><option>exec</option>. Conversely, if an auxiliary process of the unit sends an + <function>sd_notify()</function> message and immediately exits, the service manager might not be able to properly + attribute the message to the unit, and thus will ignore it, even if + <varname>NotifyAccess=</varname><option>all</option> is set for it.</para> + + <para>Hence, to eliminate all race conditions involving lookup of the client's unit and attribution of notifications + to units correctly, <function>sd_notify_barrier()</function> may be used. This call acts as a synchronization point + and ensures all notifications sent before this call have been picked up by the service manager when it returns + successfully. Use of <function>sd_notify_barrier()</function> is needed for clients which are not invoked by the + service manager, otherwise this synchronization mechanism is unnecessary for attribution of notifications to the + unit.</para> + + <para><function>sd_notifyf()</function> is similar to + <function>sd_notify()</function> but takes a + <function>printf()</function>-like format string plus + arguments.</para> + + <para><function>sd_pid_notify()</function> and + <function>sd_pid_notifyf()</function> are similar to + <function>sd_notify()</function> and + <function>sd_notifyf()</function> but take a process ID (PID) to + use as originating PID for the message as first argument. This is + useful to send notification messages on behalf of other processes, + provided the appropriate privileges are available. If the PID + argument is specified as 0, the process ID of the calling process + is used, in which case the calls are fully equivalent to + <function>sd_notify()</function> and + <function>sd_notifyf()</function>.</para> + + <para><function>sd_pid_notify_with_fds()</function> is similar to + <function>sd_pid_notify()</function> but takes an additional array + of file descriptors. These file descriptors are sent along the + notification message to the service manager. This is particularly + useful for sending <literal>FDSTORE=1</literal> messages, as + described above. The additional arguments are a pointer to the + file descriptor array plus the number of file descriptors in the + array. If the number of file descriptors is passed as 0, the call + is fully equivalent to <function>sd_pid_notify()</function>, i.e. + no file descriptors are passed. Note that sending file descriptors + to the service manager on messages that do not expect them (i.e. + without <literal>FDSTORE=1</literal>) they are immediately closed + on reception.</para> + + <para><function>sd_notify_barrier()</function> allows the caller to + synchronize against reception of previously sent notification messages + and uses the <varname>BARRIER=1</varname> command. It takes a relative + <varname>timeout</varname> value in microseconds which is passed to + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppoll</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum> + </citerefentry>. A value of UINT64_MAX is interpreted as infinite timeout. + </para> + </refsect1> + + <refsect1> + <title>Return Value</title> + + <para>On failure, these calls return a negative errno-style error code. If <varname>$NOTIFY_SOCKET</varname> was + not set and hence no status message could be sent, 0 is returned. If the status was sent, these functions return a + positive value. In order to support both service managers that implement this scheme and those which do not, it is + generally recommended to ignore the return value of this call. Note that the return value simply indicates whether + the notification message was enqueued properly, it does not reflect whether the message could be processed + successfully. Specifically, no error is returned when a file descriptor is attempted to be stored using + <varname>FDSTORE=1</varname> but the service is not actually configured to permit storing of file descriptors (see + above).</para> + </refsect1> + + <refsect1> + <title>Notes</title> + + <xi:include href="libsystemd-pkgconfig.xml" xpointer="pkgconfig-text"/> + + <para>These functions send a single datagram with the + state string as payload to the <constant>AF_UNIX</constant> socket + referenced in the <varname>$NOTIFY_SOCKET</varname> environment + variable. If the first character of + <varname>$NOTIFY_SOCKET</varname> is <literal>@</literal>, the + string is understood as Linux abstract namespace socket. The + datagram is accompanied by the process credentials of the sending + service, using SCM_CREDENTIALS.</para> + </refsect1> + + <refsect1> + <title>Environment</title> + + <variablelist class='environment-variables'> + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>$NOTIFY_SOCKET</varname></term> + + <listitem><para>Set by the service manager for supervised + processes for status and start-up completion notification. + This environment variable specifies the socket + <function>sd_notify()</function> talks to. See above for + details.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + </variablelist> + </refsect1> + + <refsect1> + <title>Examples</title> + + <example> + <title>Start-up Notification</title> + + <para>When a service finished starting up, it might issue the + following call to notify the service manager:</para> + + <programlisting>sd_notify(0, "READY=1");</programlisting> + </example> + + <example> + <title>Extended Start-up Notification</title> + + <para>A service could send the following after completing + initialization:</para> + + <programlisting>sd_notifyf(0, "READY=1\n" + "STATUS=Processing requests…\n" + "MAINPID=%lu", + (unsigned long) getpid());</programlisting> + </example> + + <example> + <title>Error Cause Notification</title> + + <para>A service could send the following shortly before exiting, on failure:</para> + + <programlisting>sd_notifyf(0, "STATUS=Failed to start up: %s\n" + "ERRNO=%i", + strerror_r(errnum, (char[1024]){}, 1024), + errnum);</programlisting> + </example> + + <example> + <title>Store a File Descriptor in the Service Manager</title> + + <para>To store an open file descriptor in the service manager, + in order to continue operation after a service restart without + losing state, use <literal>FDSTORE=1</literal>:</para> + + <programlisting>sd_pid_notify_with_fds(0, 0, "FDSTORE=1\nFDNAME=foobar", &fd, 1);</programlisting> + </example> + + <example> + <title>Eliminating race conditions</title> + + <para>When the client sending the notifications is not spawned + by the service manager, it may exit too quickly and the service + manager may fail to attribute them correctly to the unit. To + prevent such races, use <function>sd_notify_barrier()</function> + to synchronize against reception of all notifications sent before + this call is made.</para> + + <programlisting>sd_notify(0, "READY=1"); + /* set timeout to 5 seconds */ + sd_notify_barrier(0, 5 * 1000000); + </programlisting> + </example> + </refsect1> + + <refsect1> + <title>See Also</title> + <para> + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_listen_fds</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_listen_fds_with_names</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_watchdog_enabled</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> + </para> + </refsect1> + +</refentry> |