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diff --git a/man/systemd-sysusers.xml b/man/systemd-sysusers.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b399b3b --- /dev/null +++ b/man/systemd-sysusers.xml @@ -0,0 +1,217 @@ +<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*--> +<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN" + "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"> +<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later --> + +<refentry id="systemd-sysusers" + xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> + + <refentryinfo> + <title>systemd-sysusers</title> + <productname>systemd</productname> + </refentryinfo> + + <refmeta> + <refentrytitle>systemd-sysusers</refentrytitle> + <manvolnum>8</manvolnum> + </refmeta> + + <refnamediv> + <refname>systemd-sysusers</refname> + <refname>systemd-sysusers.service</refname> + <refpurpose>Allocate system users and groups</refpurpose> + </refnamediv> + + <refsynopsisdiv> + <cmdsynopsis> + <command>systemd-sysusers</command> + <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> + <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><replaceable>CONFIGFILE</replaceable></arg> + </cmdsynopsis> + + <para><filename>systemd-sysusers.service</filename></para> + </refsynopsisdiv> + + <refsect1> + <title>Description</title> + + <para><command>systemd-sysusers</command> creates system users and groups, based on files in the format + described in + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysusers.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. + </para> + + <para>If invoked with no arguments, it applies all directives from all files found in the directories + specified by + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysusers.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. When + invoked with positional arguments, if option <option>--replace=<replaceable>PATH</replaceable></option> + is specified, arguments specified on the command line are used instead of the configuration file + <replaceable>PATH</replaceable>. Otherwise, just the configuration specified by the command line + arguments is executed. The string <literal>-</literal> may be specified instead of a filename to instruct + <command>systemd-sysusers</command> to read the configuration from standard input. If the argument is a + relative path, all configuration directories are searched for a matching file and the file found that has + the highest priority is executed. If the argument is an absolute path, that file is used directly without + searching of the configuration directories.</para> + </refsect1> + + <refsect1> + <title>Options</title> + + <para>The following options are understood:</para> + + <variablelist> + <varlistentry> + <term><option>--root=<replaceable>root</replaceable></option></term> + <listitem><para>Takes a directory path as an argument. All + paths will be prefixed with the given alternate + <replaceable>root</replaceable> path, including config search + paths. </para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>--image=<replaceable>image</replaceable></option></term> + + <listitem><para>Takes a path to a disk image file or block device node. If specified all operations + are applied to file system in the indicated disk image. This is similar to <option>--root=</option> + but operates on file systems stored in disk images or block devices. The disk image should either + contain just a file system or a set of file systems within a GPT partition table, following the + <ulink url="https://systemd.io/DISCOVERABLE_PARTITIONS">Discoverable Partitions + Specification</ulink>. For further information on supported disk images, see + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s + switch of the same name.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>--replace=<replaceable>PATH</replaceable></option></term> + <listitem><para>When this option is given, one or more positional arguments + must be specified. All configuration files found in the directories listed in + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysusers.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> + will be read, and the configuration given on the command line will be + handled instead of and with the same priority as the configuration file + <replaceable>PATH</replaceable>.</para> + + <para>This option is intended to be used when package installation scripts + are running and files belonging to that package are not yet available on + disk, so their contents must be given on the command line, but the admin + configuration might already exist and should be given higher priority. + </para> + + <example> + <title>RPM installation script for radvd</title> + + <programlisting>echo 'u radvd - "radvd daemon"' | \ + systemd-sysusers --replace=/usr/lib/sysusers.d/radvd.conf -</programlisting> + + <para>This will create the radvd user as if + <filename>/usr/lib/sysusers.d/radvd.conf</filename> was already on disk. + An admin might override the configuration specified on the command line by + placing <filename>/etc/sysusers.d/radvd.conf</filename> or even + <filename>/etc/sysusers.d/00-overrides.conf</filename>.</para> + + <para>Note that this is the expanded form, and when used in a package, this + would be written using a macro with "radvd" and a file containing the + configuration line as arguments.</para> + </example> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>--dry-run</option></term> + <listitem><para>Process the configuration and figure out what entries would be created, but don't + actually write anything.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>--inline</option></term> + <listitem><para>Treat each positional argument as a separate configuration + line instead of a file name.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="cat-config" /> + <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-pager" /> + <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" /> + <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" /> + </variablelist> + </refsect1> + + <refsect1> + <title>Credentials</title> + + <para><command>systemd-sysusers</command> supports the service credentials logic as implemented by + <varname>LoadCredential=</varname>/<varname>SetCredential=</varname> (see + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> for + details). The following credentials are used when passed in:</para> + + <variablelist> + <varlistentry> + <term><literal>passwd.hashed-password.<replaceable>user</replaceable></literal></term> + <listitem><para>A UNIX hashed password string to use for the specified user, when creating an entry + for it. This is particularly useful for the <literal>root</literal> user as it allows provisioning + the default root password to use via a unit file drop-in or from a container manager passing in this + credential. Note that setting this credential has no effect if the specified user account already + exists. This credential is hence primarily useful in first boot scenarios or systems that are fully + stateless and come up with an empty <filename>/etc/</filename> on every boot.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><literal>passwd.plaintext-password.<replaceable>user</replaceable></literal></term> + + <listitem><para>Similar to <literal>passwd.hashed-password.<replaceable>user</replaceable></literal> + but expect a literal, plaintext password, which is then automatically hashed before used for the user + account. If both the hashed and the plaintext credential are specified for the same user the + former takes precedence. It's generally recommended to specify the hashed version; however in test + environments with weaker requirements on security it might be easier to pass passwords in plaintext + instead.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><literal>passwd.shell.<replaceable>user</replaceable></literal></term> + + <listitem><para>Specifies the shell binary to use for the specified account when creating it.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><literal>sysusers.extra</literal></term> + + <listitem><para>The contents of this credential may contain additional lines to operate on. The + credential contents should follow the same format as any other <filename>sysusers.d/</filename> + drop-in. If this credential is passed it is processed after all of the drop-in files read from the + file system.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + </variablelist> + + <para>Note that by default the <filename>systemd-sysusers.service</filename> unit file is set up to + inherit the <literal>passwd.hashed-password.root</literal>, + <literal>passwd.plaintext-password.root</literal>, <literal>passwd.shell.root</literal> and + <literal>sysusers.extra</literal> credentials from the service manager. Thus, when invoking a container + with an unpopulated <filename>/etc/</filename> for the first time it is possible to configure the root + user's password to be <literal>systemd</literal> like this:</para> + + <para><programlisting># systemd-nspawn --image=… --set-credential=passwd.hashed-password.root:'$y$j9T$yAuRJu1o5HioZAGDYPU5d.$F64ni6J2y2nNQve90M/p0ZP0ECP/qqzipNyaY9fjGpC' …</programlisting></para> + + <para>Note again that the data specified in this credential is consulted only when creating an account + for the first time, it may not be used for changing the password or shell of an account that already + exists.</para> + + <para>Use <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>mkpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> + for generating UNIX password hashes from the command line.</para> + </refsect1> + + <refsect1> + <title>Exit status</title> + + <para>On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure code + otherwise.</para> + </refsect1> + + <refsect1> + <title>See Also</title> + <para> + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysusers.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <ulink url="https://systemd.io/UIDS-GIDS">Users, Groups, UIDs and GIDs on systemd systems</ulink>, + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>mkpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> + </para> + </refsect1> + +</refentry> |