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| author | Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org> | 2024-05-05 15:48:51 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org> | 2024-05-05 15:48:51 +0000 |
| commit | 4f01be51e0a45f022198d4286d4375636a29b714 (patch) | |
| tree | d99dab2786b89a9ca35f59f4c88749649ad859e7 | |
| parent | Initial commit. (diff) | |
| download | tzdata-4f01be51e0a45f022198d4286d4375636a29b714.tar.xz tzdata-4f01be51e0a45f022198d4286d4375636a29b714.zip | |
Adding upstream version 2024a.upstream/2024aupstream
Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>
| -rw-r--r-- | CONTRIBUTING | 97 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | LICENSE | 5 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Makefile | 1361 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | NEWS | 6190 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | README | 55 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | SECURITY | 15 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | africa | 1448 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | antarctica | 362 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | asia | 4149 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | australasia | 2226 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | backward | 318 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | backzone | 1834 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | calendars | 173 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | checklinks.awk | 70 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | checknow.awk | 54 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | checktab.awk | 193 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | etcetera | 79 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | europe | 3914 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | factory | 12 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | iso3166.tab | 279 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | leap-seconds.list | 120 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | leapseconds | 79 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | leapseconds.awk | 249 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | northamerica | 3627 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | southamerica | 2019 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | theory.html | 1506 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | version | 1 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | ziguard.awk | 386 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | zishrink.awk | 388 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | zone.tab | 448 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | zone1970.tab | 375 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | zonenow.tab | 303 |
32 files changed, 32335 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING b/CONTRIBUTING new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6d800e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/CONTRIBUTING @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +# Contributing to the tz code and data + +Please do not create issues or pull requests on GitHub, as the +proper procedure for proposing and distributing patches is via +email as described below. + +The time zone database is by no means authoritative: governments +change timekeeping rules erratically and sometimes with little +warning, the data entries do not cover all of civil time before +1970, and undoubtedly errors remain in the code and data. Feel +free to fill gaps or fix mistakes, and please email improvements +to <tz@iana.org> for use in the future. In your email, please give +reliable sources that reviewers can check. + +## Contributing technical changes + +To email small changes, please run a POSIX shell command like +'diff -u old/europe new/europe >myfix.patch', and attach +'myfix.patch' to the email. + +For more-elaborate or possibly controversial changes, +such as renaming, adding or removing zones, please read +"Theory and pragmatics of the tz code and data" +<https://www.iana.org/time-zones/repository/theory.html>. +It is also good to browse the mailing list archives +<https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/> for examples of patches that tend +to work well. Additions to data should contain commentary citing +reliable sources as justification. Citations should use "https:" URLs +if available. + +For changes that fix sensitive security-related bugs, please see the +distribution's 'SECURITY' file. + +Please submit changes against either the latest release +<https://www.iana.org/time-zones> or the main branch of the development +repository. The latter is preferred. + +## Sample Git workflow for developing contributions + +If you use Git the following workflow may be helpful: + + * Copy the development repository. + + git clone https://github.com/eggert/tz.git + cd tz + + * Get current with the main branch. + + git checkout main + git pull + + * Switch to a new branch for the changes. Choose a different + branch name for each change set. + + git checkout -b mybranch + + * Sleuth by using 'git blame'. For example, when fixing data for + Africa/Sao_Tome, if the command 'git blame africa' outputs a line + '2951fa3b (Paul Eggert 2018-01-08 09:03:13 -0800 1068) Zone + Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884', commit 2951fa3b should + provide some justification for the 'Zone Africa/Sao_Tome' line. + + * Edit source files. Include commentary that justifies the + changes by citing reliable sources. + + * Debug the changes, e.g.: + + make check + make install + ./zdump -v America/Los_Angeles + + * For each separable change, commit it in the new branch, e.g.: + + git add northamerica + git commit + + See recent 'git log' output for the commit-message style. + + * Create patch files 0001-..., 0002-..., ... + + git format-patch main + + * After reviewing the patch files, send the patches to <tz@iana.org> + for others to review. + + git send-email main + + For an archived example of such an email, see + "[PROPOSED] Fix off-by-1 error for Jamaica and T&C before 1913" + <https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-February/026122.html>. + + * Start anew by getting current with the main branch again + (the second step above). + +----- + +This file is in the public domain. @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +Unless specified below, all files in the tz code and data (including +this LICENSE file) are in the public domain. + +If the files date.c, newstrftime.3, and strftime.c are present, they +contain material derived from BSD and use the BSD 3-clause license. diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d48354c --- /dev/null +++ b/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,1361 @@ +# Make and install tzdb code and data. +# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of +# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. +# Request POSIX conformance; this must be the first non-comment line. +.POSIX: +# On older platforms you may need to scrounge for a POSIX-conforming 'make'. +# For example, on Solaris 10 (2005), use /usr/sfw/bin/gmake or +# /usr/xpg4/bin/make, not /usr/ccs/bin/make. + +# To affect how this Makefile works, you can run a shell script like this: +# +# #!/bin/sh +# make CC='gcc -std=gnu11' "$@" +# +# This example script is appropriate for a pre-2017 GNU/Linux system +# where a non-default setting is needed to support this package's use of C99. +# +# Alternatively, you can simply edit this Makefile to tailor the following +# macro definitions. + +############################################################################### +# Start of macros that one plausibly might want to tailor. + +# Package name for the code distribution. +PACKAGE= tzcode + +# Version number for the distribution, overridden in the 'tarballs' rule below. +VERSION= unknown + +# Email address for bug reports. +BUGEMAIL= tz@iana.org + +# DATAFORM selects the data format. +# Available formats represent essentially the same data, albeit +# possibly with minor discrepancies that users are not likely to notice. +# To get new features and the best data right away, use: +# DATAFORM= vanguard +# To wait a while before using new features, to give downstream users +# time to upgrade zic (the default), use: +# DATAFORM= main +# To wait even longer for new features, use: +# DATAFORM= rearguard +# Rearguard users might also want "ZFLAGS = -b fat"; see below. +DATAFORM= main + +# Change the line below for your timezone (after finding the one you want in +# one of the $(TDATA) source files, or adding it to a source file). +# Alternatively, if you discover you've got the wrong timezone, you can just +# 'zic -l -' to remove it, or 'zic -l rightzone' to change it. +# Use the command +# make zonenames +# to get a list of the values you can use for LOCALTIME. + +LOCALTIME= Factory + +# The POSIXRULES macro controls interpretation of POSIX-2017.1-like TZ +# settings like TZ='EET-2EEST' that lack DST transition rules. +# If POSIXRULES is '-', no template is installed; this is the default. +# Any other value for POSIXRULES is obsolete and should not be relied on, as: +# * It does not work correctly in popular implementations such as GNU/Linux. +# * It does not work even in tzcode, except for historical timestamps +# that precede the last explicit transition in the POSIXRULES file. +# Hence it typically does not work for current and future timestamps. +# If, despite the above, you want a template for handling these settings, +# you can change the line below (after finding the timezone you want in the +# one of the $(TDATA) source files, or adding it to a source file). +# Alternatively, if you discover you've got the wrong timezone, you can just +# 'zic -p -' to remove it, or 'zic -p rightzone' to change it. +# Use the command +# make zonenames +# to get a list of the values you can use for POSIXRULES. + +POSIXRULES= - + +# Also see TZDEFRULESTRING below, which takes effect only +# if POSIXRULES is '-' or if the template file cannot be accessed. + + +# Installation locations. +# +# The defaults are suitable for Debian, except that if REDO is +# posix_right or right_posix then files that Debian puts under +# /usr/share/zoneinfo/posix and /usr/share/zoneinfo/right are instead +# put under /usr/share/zoneinfo-posix and /usr/share/zoneinfo-leaps, +# respectively. Problems with the Debian approach are discussed in +# the commentary for the right_posix rule (below). + +# Destination directory, which can be used for staging. +# 'make DESTDIR=/stage install' installs under /stage (e.g., to +# /stage/etc/localtime instead of to /etc/localtime). Files under +# /stage are not intended to work as-is, but can be copied by hand to +# the root directory later. If DESTDIR is empty, 'make install' does +# not stage, but installs directly into production locations. +DESTDIR = + +# Everything is installed into subdirectories of TOPDIR, and used there. +# TOPDIR should be empty (meaning the root directory), +# or a directory name that does not end in "/". +# TOPDIR should be empty or an absolute name unless you're just testing. +TOPDIR = + +# The default local timezone is taken from the file TZDEFAULT. +TZDEFAULT = $(TOPDIR)/etc/localtime + +# The subdirectory containing installed program and data files, and +# likewise for installed files that can be shared among architectures. +# These should be relative file names. +USRDIR = usr +USRSHAREDIR = $(USRDIR)/share + +# "Compiled" timezone information is placed in the "TZDIR" directory +# (and subdirectories). +# TZDIR_BASENAME should not contain "/" and should not be ".", ".." or empty. +TZDIR_BASENAME= zoneinfo +TZDIR = $(TOPDIR)/$(USRSHAREDIR)/$(TZDIR_BASENAME) + +# The "tzselect" and (if you do "make INSTALL") "date" commands go in: +BINDIR = $(TOPDIR)/$(USRDIR)/bin + +# The "zdump" command goes in: +ZDUMPDIR = $(BINDIR) + +# The "zic" command goes in: +ZICDIR = $(TOPDIR)/$(USRDIR)/sbin + +# Manual pages go in subdirectories of. . . +MANDIR = $(TOPDIR)/$(USRSHAREDIR)/man + +# Library functions are put in an archive in LIBDIR. +LIBDIR = $(TOPDIR)/$(USRDIR)/lib + + +# Types to try, as an alternative to time_t. +TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES = $(TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES_HEAD) $(TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES_TAIL) +TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES_HEAD = int_least64_t +TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES_TAIL = int_least32_t uint_least32_t uint_least64_t + +# What kind of TZif data files to generate. (TZif is the binary time +# zone data format that zic generates; see Internet RFC 8536.) +# If you want only POSIX time, with time values interpreted as +# seconds since the epoch (not counting leap seconds), use +# REDO= posix_only +# below. If you want only "right" time, with values interpreted +# as seconds since the epoch (counting leap seconds), use +# REDO= right_only +# below. If you want both sets of data available, with leap seconds not +# counted normally, use +# REDO= posix_right +# below. If you want both sets of data available, with leap seconds counted +# normally, use +# REDO= right_posix +# below. POSIX mandates that leap seconds not be counted; for compatibility +# with it, use "posix_only" or "posix_right". Use POSIX time on systems with +# leap smearing; this can work better than unsmeared "right" time with +# applications that are not leap second aware, and is closer to unsmeared +# "right" time than unsmeared POSIX time is (e.g., 0.5 vs 1.0 s max error). + +REDO= posix_right + +# Whether to put an "Expires" line in the leapseconds file. +# Use EXPIRES_LINE=1 to put the line in, 0 to omit it. +# The EXPIRES_LINE value matters only if REDO's value contains "right". +# If you change EXPIRES_LINE, remove the leapseconds file before running "make". +# zic's support for the Expires line was introduced in tzdb 2020a, +# and was modified in tzdb 2021b to generate version 4 TZif files. +# EXPIRES_LINE defaults to 0 for now so that the leapseconds file +# can be given to pre-2020a zic implementations and so that TZif files +# built by newer zic implementations can be read by pre-2021b libraries. +EXPIRES_LINE= 0 + +# To install data in text form that has all the information of the TZif data, +# (optionally incorporating leap second information), use +# TZDATA_TEXT= tzdata.zi leapseconds +# To install text data without leap second information (e.g., because +# REDO='posix_only'), use +# TZDATA_TEXT= tzdata.zi +# To avoid installing text data, use +# TZDATA_TEXT= + +TZDATA_TEXT= leapseconds tzdata.zi + +# For backward-compatibility links for old zone names, use +# BACKWARD= backward +# To omit these links, use +# BACKWARD= + +BACKWARD= backward + +# If you want out-of-scope and often-wrong data from the file 'backzone', +# but only for entries listed in the backward-compatibility file zone.tab, use +# PACKRATDATA= backzone +# PACKRATLIST= zone.tab +# If you want all the 'backzone' data, use +# PACKRATDATA= backzone +# PACKRATLIST= +# To omit this data, use +# PACKRATDATA= +# PACKRATLIST= + +PACKRATDATA= +PACKRATLIST= + +# The name of a locale using the UTF-8 encoding, used during self-tests. +# The tests are skipped if the name does not appear to work on this system. + +UTF8_LOCALE= en_US.utf8 + +# Non-default libraries needed to link. +# On some hosts, this should have -lintl unless CFLAGS has -DHAVE_GETTEXT=0. +LDLIBS= + +# Add the following to an uncommented "CFLAGS=" line as needed +# to override defaults specified in the source code or by the system. +# "-DFOO" is equivalent to "-DFOO=1". +# -DDEPRECATE_TWO_DIGIT_YEARS for optional runtime warnings about strftime +# formats that generate only the last two digits of year numbers +# -DEPOCH_LOCAL if the 'time' function returns local time not UT +# -DEPOCH_OFFSET=N if the 'time' function returns a value N greater +# than what POSIX specifies, assuming local time is UT. +# For example, N is 252460800 on AmigaOS. +# -DHAVE_DECL_ASCTIME_R=0 if <time.h> does not declare asctime_r +# -DHAVE_DECL_ENVIRON if <unistd.h> declares 'environ' +# -DHAVE_DECL_TIMEGM=0 if <time.h> does not declare timegm +# -DHAVE_DIRECT_H if mkdir needs <direct.h> (MS-Windows) +# -DHAVE__GENERIC=0 if _Generic does not work* +# -DHAVE_GETRANDOM if getrandom works (e.g., GNU/Linux), +# -DHAVE_GETRANDOM=0 to avoid using getrandom +# -DHAVE_GETTEXT if gettext works (e.g., GNU/Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris), +# where LDLIBS also needs to contain -lintl on some hosts; +# -DHAVE_GETTEXT=0 to avoid using gettext +# -DHAVE_INCOMPATIBLE_CTIME_R if your system's time.h declares +# ctime_r and asctime_r incompatibly with the POSIX standard +# (Solaris when _POSIX_PTHREAD_SEMANTICS is not defined). +# -DHAVE_INTTYPES_H=0 if <inttypes.h> does not work*+ +# -DHAVE_LINK=0 if your system lacks a link function +# -DHAVE_LOCALTIME_R=0 if your system lacks a localtime_r function +# -DHAVE_LOCALTIME_RZ=0 if you do not want zdump to use localtime_rz +# localtime_rz can make zdump significantly faster, but is nonstandard. +# -DHAVE_MALLOC_ERRNO=0 if malloc etc. do not set errno on failure. +# -DHAVE_POSIX_DECLS=0 if your system's include files do not declare +# functions like 'link' or variables like 'tzname' required by POSIX +# -DHAVE_SETENV=0 if your system lacks the setenv function +# -DHAVE_SNPRINTF=0 if your system lacks the snprintf function+ +# -DHAVE_STDCKDINT_H=0 if neither <stdckdint.h> nor substitutes like +# __builtin_add_overflow work* +# -DHAVE_STDINT_H=0 if <stdint.h> does not work*+ +# -DHAVE_STRFTIME_L if <time.h> declares locale_t and strftime_l +# -DHAVE_STRDUP=0 if your system lacks the strdup function +# -DHAVE_STRTOLL=0 if your system lacks the strtoll function+ +# -DHAVE_SYMLINK=0 if your system lacks the symlink function +# -DHAVE_SYS_STAT_H=0 if <sys/stat.h> does not work* +# -DHAVE_TZSET=0 if your system lacks a tzset function +# -DHAVE_UNISTD_H=0 if <unistd.h> does not work* +# -DHAVE_UTMPX_H=0 if <utmpx.h> does not work* +# -Dlocale_t=XXX if your system uses XXX instead of locale_t +# -DPORT_TO_C89 if tzcode should also run on mostly-C89 platforms+ +# Typically it is better to use a later standard. For example, +# with GCC 4.9.4 (2016), prefer '-std=gnu11' to '-DPORT_TO_C89'. +# Even with -DPORT_TO_C89, the code needs at least one C99 +# feature (integers at least 64 bits wide) and maybe more. +# -DRESERVE_STD_EXT_IDS if your platform reserves standard identifiers +# with external linkage, e.g., applications cannot define 'localtime'. +# -Dssize_t=long on hosts like MS-Windows that lack ssize_t +# -DSUPPORT_C89 if the tzcode library should support C89 callers+ +# However, this might trigger latent bugs in C99-or-later callers. +# -DSUPPRESS_TZDIR to not prepend TZDIR to file names; this has +# security implications and is not recommended for general use +# -DTHREAD_SAFE to make localtime.c thread-safe, as POSIX requires; +# not needed by the main-program tz code, which is single-threaded. +# Append other compiler flags as needed, e.g., -pthread on GNU/Linux. +# -Dtime_tz=\"T\" to use T as the time_t type, rather than the system time_t +# This is intended for internal use only; it mangles external names. +# -DTZ_DOMAIN=\"foo\" to use "foo" for gettext domain name; default is "tz" +# -DTZ_DOMAINDIR=\"/path\" to use "/path" for gettext directory; +# the default is system-supplied, typically "/usr/lib/locale" +# -DTZDEFRULESTRING=\",date/time,date/time\" to default to the specified +# DST transitions for POSIX.1-2017-style TZ strings lacking them, +# in the usual case where POSIXRULES is '-'. If not specified, +# TZDEFRULESTRING defaults to US rules for future DST transitions. +# This mishandles some past timestamps, as US DST rules have changed. +# It also mishandles settings like TZ='EET-2EEST' for eastern Europe, +# as Europe and US DST rules differ. +# -DTZNAME_MAXIMUM=N to limit time zone abbreviations to N bytes (default 255) +# -DUNINIT_TRAP if reading uninitialized storage can cause problems +# other than simply getting garbage data +# -DUSE_LTZ=0 to build zdump with the system time zone library +# Also set TZDOBJS=zdump.o and CHECK_TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES= below. +# -DZIC_BLOAT_DEFAULT=\"fat\" to default zic's -b option to "fat", and +# similarly for "slim". Fat TZif files work around incompatibilities +# and bugs in some TZif readers, notably older ones that +# ignore or otherwise mishandle 64-bit data in TZif files; +# however, fat TZif files may trigger bugs in newer TZif readers. +# Slim TZif files are more efficient, and are the default. +# -DZIC_MAX_ABBR_LEN_WO_WARN=3 +# (or some other number) to set the maximum time zone abbreviation length +# that zic will accept without a warning (the default is 6) +# -g to generate symbolic debugging info +# -Idir to include from directory 'dir' +# -O0 to disable optimization; other -O options to enable more optimization +# -Uname to remove any definition of the macro 'name' +# $(GCC_DEBUG_FLAGS) if you are using recent GCC and want lots of checking +# +# * Options marked "*" can be omitted if your compiler is C23 compatible. +# * Options marked "+" are obsolescent and are planned to be removed +# once the code assumes C99 or later, say in the year 2029. +# +# Select instrumentation via "make GCC_INSTRUMENT='whatever'". +GCC_INSTRUMENT = \ + -fsanitize=undefined -fsanitize-address-use-after-scope \ + -fsanitize-undefined-trap-on-error -fstack-protector +# Omit -fanalyzer from GCC_DEBUG_FLAGS, as it makes GCC too slow. +GCC_DEBUG_FLAGS = -DGCC_LINT -g3 -O3 -fno-common \ + $(GCC_INSTRUMENT) \ + -Wall -Wextra \ + -Walloc-size-larger-than=100000 -Warray-bounds=2 \ + -Wbad-function-cast -Wbidi-chars=any,ucn -Wcast-align=strict -Wdate-time \ + -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wdouble-promotion \ + -Wduplicated-branches -Wduplicated-cond \ + -Wformat=2 -Wformat-overflow=2 -Wformat-signedness -Wformat-truncation \ + -Wimplicit-fallthrough=5 -Winit-self -Wlogical-op \ + -Wmissing-declarations -Wmissing-prototypes -Wnested-externs \ + -Wnull-dereference \ + -Wold-style-definition -Woverlength-strings -Wpointer-arith \ + -Wshadow -Wshift-overflow=2 -Wstrict-overflow \ + -Wstrict-prototypes -Wstringop-overflow=4 \ + -Wstringop-truncation -Wsuggest-attribute=cold \ + -Wsuggest-attribute=const -Wsuggest-attribute=format \ + -Wsuggest-attribute=malloc \ + -Wsuggest-attribute=noreturn -Wsuggest-attribute=pure \ + -Wtrampolines -Wundef -Wuninitialized -Wunused-macros -Wuse-after-free=3 \ + -Wvariadic-macros -Wvla -Wwrite-strings \ + -Wno-address -Wno-format-nonliteral -Wno-sign-compare \ + -Wno-type-limits +# +# If your system has a "GMT offset" field in its "struct tm"s +# (or if you decide to add such a field in your system's "time.h" file), +# add the name to a define such as +# -DTM_GMTOFF=tm_gmtoff +# to the end of the "CFLAGS=" line. If not defined, the code attempts to +# guess TM_GMTOFF from other macros; define NO_TM_GMTOFF to suppress this. +# Similarly, if your system has a "zone abbreviation" field, define +# -DTM_ZONE=tm_zone +# and define NO_TM_ZONE to suppress any guessing. +# Although these two fields are not required by POSIX.1-2017, +# POSIX 202x/D4 requires them and they are widely available +# on GNU/Linux and BSD systems. +# +# The next batch of options control support for external variables +# exported by tzcode. In practice these variables are less useful +# than TM_GMTOFF and TM_ZONE. However, most of them are standardized. +# # +# # To omit or support the external variable "tzname", add one of: +# # -DHAVE_TZNAME=0 # do not support "tzname" +# # -DHAVE_TZNAME=1 # support "tzname", which is defined by system library +# # -DHAVE_TZNAME=2 # support and define "tzname" +# # to the "CFLAGS=" line. "tzname" is required by POSIX.1-1988 and later. +# # If not defined, the code attempts to guess HAVE_TZNAME from other macros. +# # Warning: unless time_tz is also defined, HAVE_TZNAME=1 can cause +# # crashes when combined with some platforms' standard libraries, +# # presumably due to memory allocation issues. +# # +# # To omit or support the external variables "timezone" and "daylight", add +# # -DUSG_COMPAT=0 # do not support +# # -DUSG_COMPAT=1 # support, and variables are defined by system library +# # -DUSG_COMPAT=2 # support and define variables +# # to the "CFLAGS=" line; "timezone" and "daylight" are inspired by Unix +# # Systems Group code and are required by POSIX.1-2008 and later (with XSI). +# # If not defined, the code attempts to guess USG_COMPAT from other macros. +# # +# # To support the external variable "altzone", add +# # -DALTZONE=0 # do not support +# # -DALTZONE=1 # support "altzone", which is defined by system library +# # -DALTZONE=2 # support and define "altzone" +# # to the end of the "CFLAGS=" line; although "altzone" appeared in +# # System V Release 3.1 it has not been standardized. +# # If not defined, the code attempts to guess ALTZONE from other macros. +# +# If you want functions that were inspired by early versions of X3J11's work, +# add +# -DSTD_INSPIRED +# to the end of the "CFLAGS=" line. This arranges for the following +# functions to be added to the time conversion library. +# "offtime" is like "gmtime" except that it accepts a second (long) argument +# that gives an offset to add to the time_t when converting it. +# I.e., "offtime" is like calling "localtime_rz" with a fixed-offset zone. +# "timelocal" is nearly equivalent to "mktime". +# "timeoff" is like "timegm" except that it accepts a second (long) argument +# that gives an offset to use when converting to a time_t. +# I.e., "timeoff" is like calling "mktime_z" with a fixed-offset zone. +# "posix2time" and "time2posix" are described in an included manual page. +# X3J11's work does not describe any of these functions. +# These functions may well disappear in future releases of the time +# conversion package. +# +# If you don't want functions that were inspired by NetBSD, add +# -DNETBSD_INSPIRED=0 +# to the end of the "CFLAGS=" line. Otherwise, the functions +# "localtime_rz", "mktime_z", "tzalloc", and "tzfree" are added to the +# time library, and if STD_INSPIRED is also defined to nonzero the functions +# "posix2time_z" and "time2posix_z" are added as well. +# The functions ending in "_z" (or "_rz") are like their unsuffixed +# (or suffixed-by-"_r") counterparts, except with an extra first +# argument of opaque type timezone_t that specifies the timezone. +# "tzalloc" allocates a timezone_t value, and "tzfree" frees it. +# +# If you want to allocate state structures in localtime, add +# -DALL_STATE +# to the end of the "CFLAGS=" line. Storage is obtained by calling malloc. +# +# NIST-PCTS:151-2, Version 1.4, (1993-12-03) is a test suite put +# out by the National Institute of Standards and Technology +# which claims to test C and POSIX conformance. If you want to pass PCTS, add +# -DPCTS +# to the end of the "CFLAGS=" line. +# +# If you want strict compliance with XPG4 as of 1994-04-09, add +# -DXPG4_1994_04_09 +# to the end of the "CFLAGS=" line. This causes "strftime" to always return +# 53 as a week number (rather than 52 or 53) for January days before +# January's first Monday when a "%V" format is used and January 1 +# falls on a Friday, Saturday, or Sunday. +# +# POSIX says CFLAGS defaults to "-O 1". +# Uncomment the following line and edit its contents as needed. + +#CFLAGS= -O 1 + + +# The name of a POSIX-like library archiver, its flags, C compiler, +# linker flags, and 'make' utility. Ordinarily the defaults suffice. +# The commented-out values are the defaults specified by POSIX.1-202x/D4. +#AR = ar +#ARFLAGS = -rv +#CC = c17 +#LDFLAGS = +#MAKE = make + +# For leap seconds, this Makefile uses LEAPSECONDS='-L leapseconds' in +# submake command lines. The default is no leap seconds. + +LEAPSECONDS= + +# Where to fetch leap-seconds.list from. +leaplist_URI = \ + https://hpiers.obspm.fr/iers/bul/bulc/ntp/leap-seconds.list +# The file is generated by the IERS Earth Orientation Centre, in Paris. +leaplist_TZ = Europe/Paris + +# The zic command and its arguments. + +zic= ./zic +ZIC= $(zic) $(ZFLAGS) + +# To shrink the size of installed TZif files, +# append "-r @N" to omit data before N-seconds-after-the-Epoch. +# To grow the files and work around bugs in older applications, +# possibly at the expense of introducing bugs in newer ones, +# append "-b fat"; see ZIC_BLOAT_DEFAULT above. +# See the zic man page for more about -b and -r. +ZFLAGS= + +# How to use zic to install TZif files. + +ZIC_INSTALL= $(ZIC) -d '$(DESTDIR)$(TZDIR)' $(LEAPSECONDS) + +# The name of a POSIX-compliant 'awk' on your system. +# mawk 1.3.3 and Solaris 10 /usr/bin/awk do not work. +# Also, it is better (though not essential) if 'awk' supports UTF-8, +# and unfortunately mawk and busybox awk do not support UTF-8. +# Try AWK=gawk or AWK=nawk if your awk has the abovementioned problems. +AWK= awk + +# The full path name of a POSIX-compliant shell, preferably one that supports +# the Korn shell's 'select' statement as an extension. +# These days, Bash is the most popular. +# It should be OK to set this to /bin/sh, on platforms where /bin/sh +# lacks 'select' or doesn't completely conform to POSIX, but /bin/bash +# is typically nicer if it works. +KSHELL= /bin/bash + +# Name of curl <https://curl.haxx.se/>, used for HTML validation +# and to fetch leap-seconds.list from upstream. +CURL= curl + +# Name of GNU Privacy Guard <https://gnupg.org/>, used to sign distributions. +GPG= gpg + +# This expensive test requires USE_LTZ. +# To suppress it, define this macro to be empty. +CHECK_TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES = check_time_t_alternatives + +# SAFE_CHAR is a regular expression that matches a safe character. +# Some parts of this distribution are limited to safe characters; +# others can use any UTF-8 character. +# For now, the safe characters are a safe subset of ASCII. +# The caller must set the shell variable 'sharp' to the character '#', +# since Makefile macros cannot contain '#'. +# TAB_CHAR is a single tab character, in single quotes. +TAB_CHAR= ' ' +SAFE_CHARSET1= $(TAB_CHAR)' !\"'$$sharp'$$%&'\''()*+,./0123456789:;<=>?@' +SAFE_CHARSET2= 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\^_`' +SAFE_CHARSET3= 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~' +SAFE_CHARSET= $(SAFE_CHARSET1)$(SAFE_CHARSET2)$(SAFE_CHARSET3) +SAFE_CHAR= '[]'$(SAFE_CHARSET)'-]' + +# These non-alphabetic, non-ASCII printable characters are Latin-1, +# and so are likely displayable even in editors like XEmacs 21 +# that have limited display capabilities. +UNUSUAL_OK_LATIN_1 = ¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹»¼½¾¿×÷ +# Non-ASCII non-letters that OK_CHAR allows, as these characters are +# useful in commentary. +UNUSUAL_OK_CHARSET= $(UNUSUAL_OK_LATIN_1) + +# Put this in a bracket expression to match spaces. +s = [:space:] + +# OK_CHAR matches any character allowed in the distributed files. +# This is the same as SAFE_CHAR, except that UNUSUAL_OK_CHARSET and +# multibyte letters are also allowed so that commentary can contain a +# few safe symbols and people's names and can quote non-English sources. +# Other non-letters are limited to ASCII renderings for the +# convenience of maintainers using XEmacs 21.5.34, which by default +# mishandles Unicode characters U+0100 and greater. +OK_CHAR= '[][:alpha:]$(UNUSUAL_OK_CHARSET)'$(SAFE_CHARSET)'-]' + +# SAFE_LINE matches a line of safe characters. +# SAFE_SHARP_LINE is similar, except any OK character can follow '#'; +# this is so that comments can contain non-ASCII characters. +# OK_LINE matches a line of OK characters. +SAFE_LINE= '^'$(SAFE_CHAR)'*$$' +SAFE_SHARP_LINE='^'$(SAFE_CHAR)'*('$$sharp$(OK_CHAR)'*)?$$' +OK_LINE= '^'$(OK_CHAR)'*$$' + +# Flags to give 'tar' when making a distribution. +# Try to use flags appropriate for GNU tar. +GNUTARFLAGS= --format=pax --pax-option='delete=atime,delete=ctime' \ + --numeric-owner --owner=0 --group=0 \ + --mode=go+u,go-w --sort=name +TARFLAGS= `if tar $(GNUTARFLAGS) --version >/dev/null 2>&1; \ + then echo $(GNUTARFLAGS); \ + else :; \ + fi` + +# Flags to give 'gzip' when making a distribution. +GZIPFLAGS= -9n + +# When comparing .tzs files, use GNU diff's -F'^TZ=' option if supported. +# This makes it easier to see which Zone has been affected. +DIFF_TZS= diff -u$$(! diff -u -F'^TZ=' - - <>/dev/null >&0 2>&1 \ + || echo ' -F^TZ=') + +# ':' on typical hosts; 'ranlib' on the ancient hosts that still need ranlib. +RANLIB= : + +# POSIX prohibits defining or using SHELL. However, csh users on systems +# that use the user shell for Makefile commands may need to define SHELL. +#SHELL= /bin/sh + +# End of macros that one plausibly might want to tailor. +############################################################################### + + +TZCOBJS= zic.o +TZDOBJS= zdump.o localtime.o asctime.o strftime.o +DATEOBJS= date.o localtime.o strftime.o asctime.o +LIBSRCS= localtime.c asctime.c difftime.c strftime.c +LIBOBJS= localtime.o asctime.o difftime.o strftime.o +HEADERS= tzfile.h private.h +NONLIBSRCS= zic.c zdump.c +NEWUCBSRCS= date.c +SOURCES= $(HEADERS) $(LIBSRCS) $(NONLIBSRCS) $(NEWUCBSRCS) \ + tzselect.ksh workman.sh +MANS= newctime.3 newstrftime.3 newtzset.3 time2posix.3 \ + tzfile.5 tzselect.8 zic.8 zdump.8 +MANTXTS= newctime.3.txt newstrftime.3.txt newtzset.3.txt \ + time2posix.3.txt \ + tzfile.5.txt tzselect.8.txt zic.8.txt zdump.8.txt \ + date.1.txt +COMMON= calendars CONTRIBUTING LICENSE Makefile \ + NEWS README SECURITY theory.html version +WEB_PAGES= tz-art.html tz-how-to.html tz-link.html +CHECK_WEB_PAGES=check_theory.html check_tz-art.html \ + check_tz-how-to.html check_tz-link.html +DOCS= $(MANS) date.1 $(MANTXTS) $(WEB_PAGES) +PRIMARY_YDATA= africa antarctica asia australasia \ + europe northamerica southamerica +YDATA= $(PRIMARY_YDATA) etcetera +NDATA= factory +TDATA_TO_CHECK= $(YDATA) $(NDATA) backward +TDATA= $(YDATA) $(NDATA) $(BACKWARD) +ZONETABLES= zone.tab zone1970.tab zonenow.tab +TABDATA= iso3166.tab $(TZDATA_TEXT) $(ZONETABLES) +LEAP_DEPS= leapseconds.awk leap-seconds.list +TZDATA_ZI_DEPS= ziguard.awk zishrink.awk version $(TDATA) \ + $(PACKRATDATA) $(PACKRATLIST) +DSTDATA_ZI_DEPS= ziguard.awk $(TDATA) $(PACKRATDATA) $(PACKRATLIST) +DATA= $(TDATA_TO_CHECK) backzone iso3166.tab leap-seconds.list \ + leapseconds $(ZONETABLES) +AWK_SCRIPTS= checklinks.awk checknow.awk checktab.awk leapseconds.awk \ + ziguard.awk zishrink.awk +MISC= $(AWK_SCRIPTS) +TZS_YEAR= 2050 +TZS_CUTOFF_FLAG= -c $(TZS_YEAR) +TZS= to$(TZS_YEAR).tzs +TZS_NEW= to$(TZS_YEAR)new.tzs +TZS_DEPS= $(YDATA) asctime.c localtime.c \ + private.h tzfile.h zdump.c zic.c +TZDATA_DIST = $(COMMON) $(DATA) $(MISC) +# EIGHT_YARDS is just a yard short of the whole ENCHILADA. +EIGHT_YARDS = $(TZDATA_DIST) $(DOCS) $(SOURCES) tzdata.zi +ENCHILADA = $(EIGHT_YARDS) $(TZS) + +# Consult these files when deciding whether to rebuild the 'version' file. +# This list is not the same as the output of 'git ls-files', since +# .gitignore is not distributed. +VERSION_DEPS= \ + calendars CONTRIBUTING LICENSE Makefile NEWS README SECURITY \ + africa antarctica asctime.c asia australasia \ + backward backzone \ + checklinks.awk checknow.awk checktab.awk \ + date.1 date.c difftime.c \ + etcetera europe factory iso3166.tab \ + leap-seconds.list leapseconds.awk localtime.c \ + newctime.3 newstrftime.3 newtzset.3 northamerica \ + private.h southamerica strftime.c theory.html \ + time2posix.3 tz-art.html tz-how-to.html tz-link.html \ + tzfile.5 tzfile.h tzselect.8 tzselect.ksh \ + workman.sh zdump.8 zdump.c zic.8 zic.c \ + ziguard.awk zishrink.awk \ + zone.tab zone1970.tab zonenow.tab + +all: tzselect zic zdump libtz.a $(TABDATA) \ + vanguard.zi main.zi rearguard.zi + +ALL: all date $(ENCHILADA) + +install: all $(DATA) $(REDO) $(MANS) + mkdir -p '$(DESTDIR)$(BINDIR)' \ + '$(DESTDIR)$(ZDUMPDIR)' '$(DESTDIR)$(ZICDIR)' \ + '$(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)' \ + '$(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)/man3' '$(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)/man5' \ + '$(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)/man8' + $(ZIC_INSTALL) -l $(LOCALTIME) \ + `case '$(POSIXRULES)' in ?*) echo '-p';; esac \ + ` $(POSIXRULES) \ + -t '$(DESTDIR)$(TZDEFAULT)' + cp -f $(TABDATA) '$(DESTDIR)$(TZDIR)/.' + cp tzselect '$(DESTDIR)$(BINDIR)/.' + cp zdump '$(DESTDIR)$(ZDUMPDIR)/.' + cp zic '$(DESTDIR)$(ZICDIR)/.' + cp libtz.a '$(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)/.' + $(RANLIB) '$(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)/libtz.a' + cp -f newctime.3 newtzset.3 '$(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)/man3/.' + cp -f tzfile.5 '$(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)/man5/.' + cp -f tzselect.8 zdump.8 zic.8 '$(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)/man8/.' + +INSTALL: ALL install date.1 + mkdir -p '$(DESTDIR)$(BINDIR)' '$(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)/man1' + cp date '$(DESTDIR)$(BINDIR)/.' + cp -f date.1 '$(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)/man1/.' + +# Calculate version number from git, if available. +# Otherwise, use $(VERSION) unless it is "unknown" and there is already +# a 'version' file, in which case reuse the existing 'version' contents +# and append "-dirty" if the contents do not already end in "-dirty". +version: $(VERSION_DEPS) + { (type git) >/dev/null 2>&1 && \ + V=`git describe --match '[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][a-z]*' \ + --abbrev=7 --dirty` || \ + if test '$(VERSION)' = unknown && V=`cat $@`; then \ + case $$V in *-dirty);; *) V=$$V-dirty;; esac; \ + else \ + V='$(VERSION)'; \ + fi; } && \ + printf '%s\n' "$$V" >$@.out + mv $@.out $@ + +# These files can be tailored by setting BACKWARD, PACKRATDATA, PACKRATLIST. +vanguard.zi main.zi rearguard.zi: $(DSTDATA_ZI_DEPS) + $(AWK) \ + -v DATAFORM=`expr $@ : '\(.*\).zi'` \ + -v PACKRATDATA='$(PACKRATDATA)' \ + -v PACKRATLIST='$(PACKRATLIST)' \ + -f ziguard.awk \ + $(TDATA) $(PACKRATDATA) >$@.out + mv $@.out $@ +# This file has a version comment that attempts to capture any tailoring +# via BACKWARD, DATAFORM, PACKRATDATA, PACKRATLIST, and REDO. +tzdata.zi: $(DATAFORM).zi version zishrink.awk + version=`sed 1q version` && \ + LC_ALL=C $(AWK) \ + -v dataform='$(DATAFORM)' \ + -v deps='$(DSTDATA_ZI_DEPS) zishrink.awk' \ + -v redo='$(REDO)' \ + -v version="$$version" \ + -f zishrink.awk \ + $(DATAFORM).zi >$@.out + mv $@.out $@ + +tzdir.h: + printf '%s\n' >$@.out \ + '#ifndef TZDEFAULT' \ + '# define TZDEFAULT "$(TZDEFAULT)" /* default zone */' \ + '#endif' \ + '#ifndef TZDIR' \ + '# define TZDIR "$(TZDIR)" /* TZif directory */' \ + '#endif' + mv $@.out $@ + +version.h: version + VERSION=`cat version` && printf '%s\n' \ + 'static char const PKGVERSION[]="($(PACKAGE)) ";' \ + "static char const TZVERSION[]=\"$$VERSION\";" \ + 'static char const REPORT_BUGS_TO[]="$(BUGEMAIL)";' \ + >$@.out + mv $@.out $@ + +zdump: $(TZDOBJS) + $(CC) -o $@ $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $(TZDOBJS) $(LDLIBS) + +zic: $(TZCOBJS) + $(CC) -o $@ $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $(TZCOBJS) $(LDLIBS) + +leapseconds: $(LEAP_DEPS) + $(AWK) -v EXPIRES_LINE=$(EXPIRES_LINE) \ + -f leapseconds.awk leap-seconds.list >$@.out + mv $@.out $@ + +# Awk script to extract a Git-style author from leap-seconds.list comments. +EXTRACT_AUTHOR = \ + author_line { sub(/^.[[:space:]]*/, ""); \ + sub(/:[[:space:]]*/, " <"); \ + printf "%s>\n", $$0; \ + success = 1; \ + exit \ + } \ + /Questions or comments to:/ { author_line = 1 } \ + END { exit !success } + +# Fetch leap-seconds.list from upstream. +fetch-leap-seconds.list: + $(CURL) -OR $(leaplist_URI) + +# Fetch leap-seconds.list from upstream and commit it to the local repository. +commit-leap-seconds.list: fetch-leap-seconds.list + author=$$($(AWK) '$(EXTRACT_AUTHOR)' leap-seconds.list) && \ + date=$$(TZ=$(leaplist_TZ) stat -c%y leap-seconds.list) && \ + git commit --author="$$author" --date="$$date" -m'make $@' \ + leap-seconds.list + +# Arguments to pass to submakes of install_data. +# They can be overridden by later submake arguments. +INSTALLARGS = \ + BACKWARD='$(BACKWARD)' \ + DESTDIR='$(DESTDIR)' \ + LEAPSECONDS='$(LEAPSECONDS)' \ + PACKRATDATA='$(PACKRATDATA)' \ + PACKRATLIST='$(PACKRATLIST)' \ + TZDEFAULT='$(TZDEFAULT)' \ + TZDIR='$(TZDIR)' \ + ZIC='$(ZIC)' + +INSTALL_DATA_DEPS = zic leapseconds tzdata.zi + +# 'make install_data' installs one set of TZif files. +install_data: $(INSTALL_DATA_DEPS) + $(ZIC_INSTALL) tzdata.zi + +posix_only: $(INSTALL_DATA_DEPS) + $(MAKE) $(INSTALLARGS) LEAPSECONDS= install_data + +right_only: $(INSTALL_DATA_DEPS) + $(MAKE) $(INSTALLARGS) LEAPSECONDS='-L leapseconds' \ + install_data + +# In earlier versions of this makefile, the other two directories were +# subdirectories of $(TZDIR). However, this led to configuration errors. +# For example, with posix_right under the earlier scheme, +# TZ='right/Australia/Adelaide' got you localtime with leap seconds, +# but gmtime without leap seconds, which led to problems with applications +# like sendmail that subtract gmtime from localtime. +# Therefore, the other two directories are now siblings of $(TZDIR). +# You must replace all of $(TZDIR) to switch from not using leap seconds +# to using them, or vice versa. +right_posix: right_only + rm -fr '$(DESTDIR)$(TZDIR)-leaps' + ln -s '$(TZDIR_BASENAME)' '$(DESTDIR)$(TZDIR)-leaps' || \ + $(MAKE) $(INSTALLARGS) TZDIR='$(TZDIR)-leaps' right_only + $(MAKE) $(INSTALLARGS) TZDIR='$(TZDIR)-posix' posix_only + +posix_right: posix_only + rm -fr '$(DESTDIR)$(TZDIR)-posix' + ln -s '$(TZDIR_BASENAME)' '$(DESTDIR)$(TZDIR)-posix' || \ + $(MAKE) $(INSTALLARGS) TZDIR='$(TZDIR)-posix' posix_only + $(MAKE) $(INSTALLARGS) TZDIR='$(TZDIR)-leaps' right_only + +zones: $(REDO) + +# dummy.zd is not a real file; it is mentioned here only so that the +# top-level 'make' does not have a syntax error. +ZDS = dummy.zd +# Rule used only by submakes invoked by the $(TZS_NEW) rule. +# It is separate so that GNU 'make -j' can run instances in parallel. +$(ZDS): zdump + ./zdump -i $(TZS_CUTOFF_FLAG) '$(wd)/'$$(expr $@ : '\(.*\).zd') \ + >$@ + +TZS_NEW_DEPS = tzdata.zi zdump zic +$(TZS_NEW): $(TZS_NEW_DEPS) + rm -fr tzs$(TZS_YEAR).dir + mkdir tzs$(TZS_YEAR).dir + $(zic) -d tzs$(TZS_YEAR).dir tzdata.zi + $(AWK) '/^L/{print "Link\t" $$2 "\t" $$3}' \ + tzdata.zi | LC_ALL=C sort >$@.out + wd=`pwd` && \ + x=`$(AWK) '/^Z/{print "tzs$(TZS_YEAR).dir/" $$2 ".zd"}' \ + tzdata.zi \ + | LC_ALL=C sort -t . -k 2,2` && \ + set x $$x && \ + shift && \ + ZDS=$$* && \ + $(MAKE) wd="$$wd" TZS_CUTOFF_FLAG="$(TZS_CUTOFF_FLAG)" \ + ZDS="$$ZDS" $$ZDS && \ + sed 's,^TZ=".*\.dir/,TZ=",' $$ZDS >>$@.out + rm -fr tzs$(TZS_YEAR).dir + mv $@.out $@ + +# If $(TZS) exists but 'make check_tzs' fails, a maintainer should inspect the +# failed output and fix the inconsistency, perhaps by running 'make force_tzs'. +$(TZS): + touch $@ + +force_tzs: $(TZS_NEW) + cp $(TZS_NEW) $(TZS) + +libtz.a: $(LIBOBJS) + rm -f $@ + $(AR) $(ARFLAGS) $@ $(LIBOBJS) + $(RANLIB) $@ + +date: $(DATEOBJS) + $(CC) -o $@ $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $(DATEOBJS) $(LDLIBS) + +tzselect: tzselect.ksh version + VERSION=`cat version` && sed \ + -e "s'#!/bin/bash'#!"'$(KSHELL)'\' \ + -e s\''\(AWK\)=[^}]*'\''\1=\'\''$(AWK)\'\'\' \ + -e s\''\(PKGVERSION\)=.*'\''\1=\'\''($(PACKAGE)) \'\'\' \ + -e s\''\(REPORT_BUGS_TO\)=.*'\''\1=\'\''$(BUGEMAIL)\'\'\' \ + -e s\''\(TZDIR\)=[^}]*'\''\1=\'\''$(TZDIR)\'\'\' \ + -e s\''\(TZVERSION\)=.*'\''\1=\'"'$$VERSION\\''" \ + <$@.ksh >$@.out + chmod +x $@.out + mv $@.out $@ + +check: check_back check_mild +check_mild: check_character_set check_white_space check_links \ + check_name_lengths check_now \ + check_slashed_abbrs check_sorted \ + check_tables check_web check_ziguard check_zishrink check_tzs + +# True if UTF8_LOCALE does not work; +# otherwise, false but with LC_ALL set to $(UTF8_LOCALE). +UTF8_LOCALE_MISSING = \ + { test ! '$(UTF8_LOCALE)' \ + || ! printf 'A\304\200B\n' \ + | LC_ALL='$(UTF8_LOCALE)' grep -q '^A.B$$' >/dev/null 2>&1 \ + || { LC_ALL='$(UTF8_LOCALE)'; export LC_ALL; false; }; } + +check_character_set: $(ENCHILADA) + $(UTF8_LOCALE_MISSING) || { \ + sharp='#' && \ + ! grep -Env $(SAFE_LINE) $(MANS) date.1 $(MANTXTS) \ + $(MISC) $(SOURCES) $(WEB_PAGES) \ + CONTRIBUTING LICENSE README SECURITY \ + version tzdata.zi && \ + ! grep -Env $(SAFE_LINE)'|^UNUSUAL_OK_'$(OK_CHAR)'*$$' \ + Makefile && \ + ! grep -Env $(SAFE_SHARP_LINE) $(TDATA_TO_CHECK) backzone \ + leapseconds zone.tab && \ + ! grep -Env $(OK_LINE) $(ENCHILADA); \ + } + touch $@ + +check_white_space: $(ENCHILADA) + $(UTF8_LOCALE_MISSING) || { \ + patfmt=' \t|[\f\r\v]' && pat=`printf "$$patfmt\\n"` && \ + ! grep -En "$$pat|[$s]\$$" \ + $$(ls $(ENCHILADA) | grep -Fvx leap-seconds.list); \ + } + touch $@ + +PRECEDES_FILE_NAME = ^(Zone|Link[$s]+[^$s]+)[$s]+ +FILE_NAME_COMPONENT_TOO_LONG = $(PRECEDES_FILE_NAME)[^$s]*[^/$s]{15} + +check_name_lengths: $(TDATA_TO_CHECK) backzone + ! grep -En '$(FILE_NAME_COMPONENT_TOO_LONG)' \ + $(TDATA_TO_CHECK) backzone + touch $@ + +PRECEDES_STDOFF = ^(Zone[$s]+[^$s]+)?[$s]+ +STDOFF = [-+]?[0-9:.]+ +RULELESS_SAVE = (-|$(STDOFF)[sd]?) +RULELESS_SLASHED_ABBRS = \ + $(PRECEDES_STDOFF)$(STDOFF)[$s]+$(RULELESS_SAVE)[$s]+[^$s]*/ + +check_slashed_abbrs: $(TDATA_TO_CHECK) + ! grep -En '$(RULELESS_SLASHED_ABBRS)' $(TDATA_TO_CHECK) + touch $@ + +CHECK_CC_LIST = { n = split($$1,a,/,/); for (i=2; i<=n; i++) print a[1], a[i]; } + +check_sorted: backward backzone + $(AWK) '/^Link/ {printf "%.5d %s\n", g, $$3} !/./ {g++}' \ + backward | LC_ALL=C sort -cu + $(AWK) '/^Zone/ {print $$2}' backzone | LC_ALL=C sort -cu + touch $@ + +check_back: checklinks.awk $(TDATA_TO_CHECK) + $(AWK) \ + -v DATAFORM=$(DATAFORM) \ + -v backcheck=backward \ + -f checklinks.awk $(TDATA_TO_CHECK) + touch $@ + +check_links: checklinks.awk tzdata.zi + $(AWK) \ + -v DATAFORM=$(DATAFORM) \ + -f checklinks.awk tzdata.zi + touch $@ + +# Check timestamps from now through 28 years from now, to make sure +# that zonenow.tab contains all sequences of planned timestamps, +# without any duplicate sequences. In theory this might require +# 2800 years but that would take a long time to check. +CHECK_NOW_TIMESTAMP = `./date +%s` +CHECK_NOW_FUTURE_YEARS = 28 +CHECK_NOW_FUTURE_SECS = $(CHECK_NOW_FUTURE_YEARS) '*' 366 '*' 24 '*' 60 '*' 60 +check_now: checknow.awk date tzdata.zi zdump zic zone1970.tab zonenow.tab + rm -fr $@.dir + mkdir $@.dir + ./zic -d $@.dir tzdata.zi + now=$(CHECK_NOW_TIMESTAMP) && \ + future=`expr $(CHECK_NOW_FUTURE_SECS) + $$now` && \ + ./zdump -i -t $$now,$$future \ + $$(find $$PWD/$@.dir/????*/ -type f) \ + >$@.dir/zdump.tab + $(AWK) \ + -v zdump_table=$@.dir/zdump.tab \ + -f checknow.awk zonenow.tab + rm -fr $@.dir + touch $@ + +check_tables: checktab.awk $(YDATA) backward zone.tab zone1970.tab + for tab in $(ZONETABLES); do \ + test "$$tab" = zone.tab && links='$(BACKWARD)' || links=''; \ + $(AWK) -f checktab.awk -v zone_table=$$tab $(YDATA) $$links \ + || exit; \ + done + touch $@ + +check_tzs: $(TZS) $(TZS_NEW) + if test -s $(TZS); then \ + $(DIFF_TZS) $(TZS) $(TZS_NEW); \ + else \ + cp $(TZS_NEW) $(TZS); \ + fi + touch $@ + +check_web: $(CHECK_WEB_PAGES) +check_theory.html: theory.html +check_tz-art.html: tz-art.html +check_tz-how-to.html: tz-how-to.html +check_tz-link.html: tz-link.html +check_theory.html check_tz-art.html check_tz-how-to.html check_tz-link.html: + $(CURL) -sS --url https://validator.w3.org/nu/ -F out=gnu \ + -F file=@$$(expr $@ : 'check_\(.*\)') -o $@.out && \ + test ! -s $@.out || { cat $@.out; exit 1; } + mv $@.out $@ + +check_ziguard: rearguard.zi vanguard.zi ziguard.awk + $(AWK) -v DATAFORM=rearguard -f ziguard.awk vanguard.zi | \ + diff -u rearguard.zi - + $(AWK) -v DATAFORM=vanguard -f ziguard.awk rearguard.zi | \ + diff -u vanguard.zi - + touch $@ + +# Check that zishrink.awk does not alter the data, and that ziguard.awk +# preserves main-format data. +check_zishrink: check_zishrink_posix check_zishrink_right +check_zishrink_posix check_zishrink_right: \ + zic leapseconds $(PACKRATDATA) $(PACKRATLIST) \ + $(TDATA) $(DATAFORM).zi tzdata.zi + rm -fr $@.dir $@-t.dir $@-shrunk.dir + mkdir $@.dir $@-t.dir $@-shrunk.dir + case $@ in \ + *_right) leap='-L leapseconds';; \ + *) leap=;; \ + esac && \ + $(ZIC) $$leap -d $@.dir $(DATAFORM).zi && \ + $(ZIC) $$leap -d $@-shrunk.dir tzdata.zi && \ + case $(DATAFORM),$(PACKRATLIST) in \ + main,) \ + $(ZIC) $$leap -d $@-t.dir $(TDATA) && \ + $(AWK) '/^Rule/' $(TDATA) | \ + $(ZIC) $$leap -d $@-t.dir - $(PACKRATDATA) && \ + diff -r $@.dir $@-t.dir;; \ + esac + diff -r $@.dir $@-shrunk.dir + rm -fr $@.dir $@-t.dir $@-shrunk.dir + touch $@ + +clean_misc: + rm -fr check_*.dir typecheck_*.dir + rm -f *.o *.out $(TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES) \ + check_* core typecheck_* \ + date tzdir.h tzselect version.h zdump zic libtz.a +clean: clean_misc + rm -fr *.dir tzdb-*/ + rm -f *.zi $(TZS_NEW) + +maintainer-clean: clean + @echo 'This command is intended for maintainers to use; it' + @echo 'deletes files that may need special tools to rebuild.' + rm -f leapseconds version $(MANTXTS) $(TZS) *.asc *.tar.* + +names: + @echo $(ENCHILADA) + +public: check check_public $(CHECK_TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES) \ + tarballs signatures + +date.1.txt: date.1 +newctime.3.txt: newctime.3 +newstrftime.3.txt: newstrftime.3 +newtzset.3.txt: newtzset.3 +time2posix.3.txt: time2posix.3 +tzfile.5.txt: tzfile.5 +tzselect.8.txt: tzselect.8 +zdump.8.txt: zdump.8 +zic.8.txt: zic.8 + +$(MANTXTS): workman.sh + LC_ALL=C sh workman.sh `expr $@ : '\(.*\)\.txt$$'` >$@.out + mv $@.out $@ + +# Set file timestamps deterministically if possible, +# so that tarballs containing the timestamps are reproducible. +# +# '$(SET_TIMESTAMP_N) N DEST A B C ...' sets the timestamp of the +# file DEST to the maximum of the timestamps of the files A B C ..., +# plus N if GNU ls and touch are available. +SET_TIMESTAMP_N = sh -c '\ + n=$$0 dest=$$1; shift; \ + <"$$dest" && \ + if test $$n != 0 && \ + lsout=`ls -nt --time-style="+%s" "$$@" 2>/dev/null`; then \ + set x $$lsout && \ + timestamp=`expr $$7 + $$n` && \ + echo "+ touch -md @$$timestamp $$dest" && \ + touch -md @$$timestamp "$$dest"; \ + else \ + newest=`ls -t "$$@" | sed 1q` && \ + echo "+ touch -mr $$newest $$dest" && \ + touch -mr "$$newest" "$$dest"; \ + fi' +# If DEST depends on A B C ... in this Makefile, callers should use +# $(SET_TIMESTAMP_DEP) DEST A B C ..., for the benefit of any +# downstream 'make' that considers equal timestamps to be out of date. +# POSIX allows this 'make' behavior, and HP-UX 'make' does it. +# If all that matters is that the timestamp be reproducible +# and plausible, use $(SET_TIMESTAMP). +SET_TIMESTAMP = $(SET_TIMESTAMP_N) 0 +SET_TIMESTAMP_DEP = $(SET_TIMESTAMP_N) 1 + +# Set the timestamps to those of the git repository, if available, +# and if the files have not changed since then. +# This uses GNU 'ls --time-style=+%s', which outputs the seconds count, +# and GNU 'touch -d@N FILE', where N is the number of seconds since 1970. +# If git or GNU is absent, don't bother to sync with git timestamps. +# Also, set the timestamp of each prebuilt file like 'leapseconds' +# to be the maximum of the files it depends on. +set-timestamps.out: $(EIGHT_YARDS) + rm -f $@ + if (type git) >/dev/null 2>&1 && \ + files=`git ls-files $(EIGHT_YARDS)` && \ + touch -md @1 test.out; then \ + rm -f test.out && \ + for file in $$files; do \ + if git diff --quiet $$file; then \ + time=`TZ=UTC0 git log -1 \ + --format='tformat:%cd' \ + --date='format:%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ' \ + $$file` && \ + echo "+ touch -md $$time $$file" && \ + touch -md $$time $$file; \ + else \ + echo >&2 "$$file: warning: does not match repository"; \ + fi || exit; \ + done; \ + fi + $(SET_TIMESTAMP_DEP) leapseconds $(LEAP_DEPS) + for file in `ls $(MANTXTS) | sed 's/\.txt$$//'`; do \ + $(SET_TIMESTAMP_DEP) $$file.txt $$file workman.sh || \ + exit; \ + done + $(SET_TIMESTAMP_DEP) version $(VERSION_DEPS) + $(SET_TIMESTAMP_DEP) tzdata.zi $(TZDATA_ZI_DEPS) + touch $@ +set-tzs-timestamp.out: $(TZS) + $(SET_TIMESTAMP_DEP) $(TZS) $(TZS_DEPS) + touch $@ + +# The zics below ensure that each data file can stand on its own. +# We also do an all-files run to catch links to links. + +check_public: $(VERSION_DEPS) + rm -fr public.dir + mkdir public.dir + ln $(VERSION_DEPS) public.dir + cd public.dir \ + && $(MAKE) CFLAGS='$(GCC_DEBUG_FLAGS)' TZDIR='$(TZDIR)' ALL + for i in $(TDATA_TO_CHECK) public.dir/tzdata.zi \ + public.dir/vanguard.zi public.dir/main.zi \ + public.dir/rearguard.zi; \ + do \ + public.dir/zic -v -d public.dir/zoneinfo $$i 2>&1 || exit; \ + done + public.dir/zic -v -d public.dir/zoneinfo-all $(TDATA_TO_CHECK) + : + : Also check 'backzone' syntax. + rm public.dir/main.zi + cd public.dir && $(MAKE) PACKRATDATA=backzone main.zi + public.dir/zic -d public.dir/zoneinfo main.zi + rm public.dir/main.zi + cd public.dir && \ + $(MAKE) PACKRATDATA=backzone PACKRATLIST=zone.tab main.zi + public.dir/zic -d public.dir/zoneinfo main.zi + : + rm -fr public.dir + touch $@ + +# Check that the code works under various alternative +# implementations of time_t. +check_time_t_alternatives: $(TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES) +$(TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES_TAIL): $(TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES_HEAD) +$(TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES): $(VERSION_DEPS) + rm -fr $@.dir + mkdir $@.dir + ln $(VERSION_DEPS) $@.dir + case $@ in \ + int*32_t) range=-2147483648,2147483648;; \ + u*) range=0,4294967296;; \ + *) range=-4294967296,4294967296;; \ + esac && \ + wd=`pwd` && \ + zones=`$(AWK) '/^[^#]/ { print $$3 }' <zone1970.tab` && \ + if test $@ = $(TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES_HEAD); then \ + range_target=; \ + else \ + range_target=to$$range.tzs; \ + fi && \ + (cd $@.dir && \ + $(MAKE) TOPDIR="$$wd/$@.dir" \ + CFLAGS='$(CFLAGS) -Dtime_tz='"'$@'" \ + REDO='$(REDO)' \ + D=$$wd/$@.dir \ + TZS_YEAR="$$range" TZS_CUTOFF_FLAG="-t $$range" \ + install $$range_target) && \ + test $@ = $(TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES_HEAD) || { \ + (cd $(TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES_HEAD).dir && \ + $(MAKE) TOPDIR="$$wd/$@.dir" \ + TZS_YEAR="$$range" TZS_CUTOFF_FLAG="-t $$range" \ + D=$$wd/$@.dir \ + to$$range.tzs) && \ + $(DIFF_TZS) $(TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES_HEAD).dir/to$$range.tzs \ + $@.dir/to$$range.tzs && \ + if diff -q Makefile Makefile 2>/dev/null; then \ + quiet_option='-q'; \ + else \ + quiet_option=''; \ + fi && \ + diff $$quiet_option -r $(TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES_HEAD).dir/etc \ + $@.dir/etc && \ + diff $$quiet_option -r \ + $(TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES_HEAD).dir/usr/share \ + $@.dir/usr/share; \ + } + touch $@ + +TRADITIONAL_ASC = \ + tzcode$(VERSION).tar.gz.asc \ + tzdata$(VERSION).tar.gz.asc +REARGUARD_ASC = \ + tzdata$(VERSION)-rearguard.tar.gz.asc +ALL_ASC = $(TRADITIONAL_ASC) $(REARGUARD_ASC) \ + tzdb-$(VERSION).tar.lz.asc + +tarballs rearguard_tarballs tailored_tarballs traditional_tarballs \ +signatures rearguard_signatures traditional_signatures: \ + version set-timestamps.out rearguard.zi vanguard.zi + VERSION=`cat version` && \ + $(MAKE) AWK='$(AWK)' VERSION="$$VERSION" $@_version + +# These *_version rules are intended for use if VERSION is set by some +# other means. Ordinarily these rules are used only by the above +# non-_version rules, which set VERSION on the 'make' command line. +tarballs_version: traditional_tarballs_version rearguard_tarballs_version \ + tzdb-$(VERSION).tar.lz +rearguard_tarballs_version: \ + tzdata$(VERSION)-rearguard.tar.gz +traditional_tarballs_version: \ + tzcode$(VERSION).tar.gz tzdata$(VERSION).tar.gz +tailored_tarballs_version: \ + tzdata$(VERSION)-tailored.tar.gz +signatures_version: $(ALL_ASC) +rearguard_signatures_version: $(REARGUARD_ASC) +traditional_signatures_version: $(TRADITIONAL_ASC) + +tzcode$(VERSION).tar.gz: set-timestamps.out + LC_ALL=C && export LC_ALL && \ + tar $(TARFLAGS) -cf - \ + $(COMMON) $(DOCS) $(SOURCES) | \ + gzip $(GZIPFLAGS) >$@.out + mv $@.out $@ + +tzdata$(VERSION).tar.gz: set-timestamps.out + LC_ALL=C && export LC_ALL && \ + tar $(TARFLAGS) -cf - $(TZDATA_DIST) | \ + gzip $(GZIPFLAGS) >$@.out + mv $@.out $@ + +# Create empty files with a reproducible timestamp. +CREATE_EMPTY = TZ=UTC0 touch -mt 202010122253.00 + +# The obsolescent *rearguard* targets and related macros are present +# for backwards compatibility with tz releases 2018e through 2022a. +# They should go away eventually. To build rearguard tarballs you +# can instead use 'make DATAFORM=rearguard tailored_tarballs'. +tzdata$(VERSION)-rearguard.tar.gz: rearguard.zi set-timestamps.out + rm -fr $@.dir + mkdir $@.dir + ln $(TZDATA_DIST) $@.dir + cd $@.dir && rm -f $(TDATA) $(PACKRATDATA) version + for f in $(TDATA) $(PACKRATDATA); do \ + rearf=$@.dir/$$f; \ + $(AWK) -v DATAFORM=rearguard -f ziguard.awk $$f >$$rearf && \ + $(SET_TIMESTAMP_DEP) $$rearf ziguard.awk $$f || exit; \ + done + sed '1s/$$/-rearguard/' <version >$@.dir/version + : The dummy pacificnew pacifies TZUpdater 2.3.1 and earlier. + $(CREATE_EMPTY) $@.dir/pacificnew + touch -mr version $@.dir/version + LC_ALL=C && export LC_ALL && \ + (cd $@.dir && \ + tar $(TARFLAGS) -cf - \ + $(TZDATA_DIST) pacificnew | \ + gzip $(GZIPFLAGS)) >$@.out + mv $@.out $@ + +# Create a tailored tarball suitable for TZUpdater and compatible tools. +# For example, 'make DATAFORM=vanguard tailored_tarballs' makes a tarball +# useful for testing whether TZUpdater supports vanguard form. +# The generated tarball is not byte-for-byte equivalent to a hand-tailored +# traditional tarball, as data entries are put into 'etcetera' even if they +# came from some other source file. However, the effect should be the same +# for ordinary use, which reads all the source files. +tzdata$(VERSION)-tailored.tar.gz: set-timestamps.out + rm -fr $@.dir + mkdir $@.dir + : The dummy pacificnew pacifies TZUpdater 2.3.1 and earlier. + cd $@.dir && \ + $(CREATE_EMPTY) $(PRIMARY_YDATA) $(NDATA) backward \ + `test $(DATAFORM) = vanguard || echo pacificnew` + (grep '^#' tzdata.zi && echo && cat $(DATAFORM).zi) \ + >$@.dir/etcetera + touch -mr tzdata.zi $@.dir/etcetera + sed -n \ + -e '/^# *version *\(.*\)/h' \ + -e '/^# *ddeps */H' \ + -e '$$!d' \ + -e 'g' \ + -e 's/^# *version *//' \ + -e 's/\n# *ddeps */-/' \ + -e 's/ /-/g' \ + -e 'p' \ + <tzdata.zi >$@.dir/version + touch -mr version $@.dir/version + links= && \ + for file in $(TZDATA_DIST); do \ + test -f $@.dir/$$file || links="$$links $$file"; \ + done && \ + ln $$links $@.dir + LC_ALL=C && export LC_ALL && \ + (cd $@.dir && \ + tar $(TARFLAGS) -cf - * | gzip $(GZIPFLAGS)) >$@.out + mv $@.out $@ + +tzdb-$(VERSION).tar.lz: set-timestamps.out set-tzs-timestamp.out + rm -fr tzdb-$(VERSION) + mkdir tzdb-$(VERSION) + ln $(ENCHILADA) tzdb-$(VERSION) + $(SET_TIMESTAMP) tzdb-$(VERSION) tzdb-$(VERSION)/* + LC_ALL=C && export LC_ALL && \ + tar $(TARFLAGS) -cf - tzdb-$(VERSION) | lzip -9 >$@.out + mv $@.out $@ + +tzcode$(VERSION).tar.gz.asc: tzcode$(VERSION).tar.gz +tzdata$(VERSION).tar.gz.asc: tzdata$(VERSION).tar.gz +tzdata$(VERSION)-rearguard.tar.gz.asc: tzdata$(VERSION)-rearguard.tar.gz +tzdb-$(VERSION).tar.lz.asc: tzdb-$(VERSION).tar.lz +$(ALL_ASC): + $(GPG) --armor --detach-sign $? + +TYPECHECK_CFLAGS = $(CFLAGS) -DTYPECHECK -D__time_t_defined -D_TIME_T +typecheck: typecheck_long_long typecheck_unsigned +typecheck_long_long typecheck_unsigned: $(VERSION_DEPS) + rm -fr $@.dir + mkdir $@.dir + ln $(VERSION_DEPS) $@.dir + cd $@.dir && \ + case $@ in \ + *_long_long) i="long long";; \ + *_unsigned ) i="unsigned" ;; \ + esac && \ + typecheck_cflags='' && \ + $(MAKE) \ + CFLAGS="$(TYPECHECK_CFLAGS) \"-Dtime_t=$$i\"" \ + TOPDIR="`pwd`" \ + install + $@.dir/zdump -i -c 1970,1971 Europe/Rome + touch $@ + +zonenames: tzdata.zi + @$(AWK) '/^Z/ { print $$2 } /^L/ { print $$3 }' tzdata.zi + +asctime.o: private.h tzfile.h +date.o: private.h +difftime.o: private.h +localtime.o: private.h tzfile.h tzdir.h +strftime.o: private.h tzfile.h +zdump.o: version.h +zic.o: private.h tzfile.h tzdir.h version.h + +.PHONY: ALL INSTALL all +.PHONY: check check_mild check_time_t_alternatives +.PHONY: check_web check_zishrink +.PHONY: clean clean_misc commit-leap-seconds.list dummy.zd +.PHONY: fetch-leap-seconds.list force_tzs +.PHONY: install install_data maintainer-clean names +.PHONY: posix_only posix_right public +.PHONY: rearguard_signatures rearguard_signatures_version +.PHONY: rearguard_tarballs rearguard_tarballs_version +.PHONY: right_only right_posix signatures signatures_version +.PHONY: tarballs tarballs_version +.PHONY: traditional_signatures traditional_signatures_version +.PHONY: traditional_tarballs traditional_tarballs_version +.PHONY: tailored_tarballs tailored_tarballs_version +.PHONY: typecheck +.PHONY: zonenames zones +.PHONY: $(ZDS) @@ -0,0 +1,6190 @@ +News for the tz database + +Release 2024a - 2024-02-01 09:28:56 -0800 + + Briefly: + Kazakhstan unifies on UTC+5 beginning 2024-03-01. + Palestine springs forward a week later after Ramadan. + zic no longer pretends to support indefinite-past DST. + localtime no longer mishandles Ciudad Juárez in 2422. + + Changes to future timestamps + + Kazakhstan unifies on UTC+5. This affects Asia/Almaty and + Asia/Qostanay which together represent the eastern portion of the + country that will transition from UTC+6 on 2024-03-01 at 00:00 to + join the western portion. (Thanks to Zhanbolat Raimbekov.) + + Palestine springs forward a week later than previously predicted + in 2024 and 2025. (Thanks to Heba Hamad.) Change spring-forward + predictions to the second Saturday after Ramadan, not the first; + this also affects other predictions starting in 2039. + + Changes to past timestamps + + Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh's 1955-07-01 transition occurred at 01:00 + not 00:00. (Thanks to Đoàn Trần Công Danh.) + + From 1947 through 1949, Toronto's transitions occurred at 02:00 + not 00:00. (Thanks to Chris Walton.) + + In 1911 Miquelon adopted standard time on June 15, not May 15. + + Changes to code + + The FROM and TO columns of Rule lines can no longer be "minimum" + or an abbreviation of "minimum", because TZif files do not support + DST rules that extend into the indefinite past - although these + rules were supported when TZif files had only 32-bit data, this + stopped working when 64-bit TZif files were introduced in 1995. + This should not be a problem for realistic data, since DST was + first used in the 20th century. As a transition aid, FROM columns + like "minimum" are now diagnosed and then treated as if they were + the year 1900; this should suffice for TZif files on old systems + with only 32-bit time_t, and it is more compatible with bugs in + 2023c-and-earlier localtime.c. (Problem reported by Yoshito + Umaoka.) + + localtime and related functions no longer mishandle some + timestamps that occur about 400 years after a switch to a time + zone with a DST schedule. In 2023d data this problem was visible + for some timestamps in November 2422, November 2822, etc. in + America/Ciudad_Juarez. (Problem reported by Gilmore Davidson.) + + strftime %s now uses tm_gmtoff if available. (Problem and draft + patch reported by Dag-Erling Smørgrav.) + + Changes to build procedure + + The leap-seconds.list file is now copied from the IERS instead of + from its downstream counterpart at NIST, as the IERS version is + now in the public domain too and tends to be more up-to-date. + (Thanks to Martin Burnicki for liaisoning with the IERS.) + + Changes to documentation + + The strftime man page documents which struct tm members affect + which conversion specs, and that tzset is called. (Problems + reported by Robert Elz and Steve Summit.) + + +Release 2023d - 2023-12-21 20:02:24 -0800 + + Briefly: + Ittoqqortoormiit, Greenland changes time zones on 2024-03-31. + Vostok, Antarctica changed time zones on 2023-12-18. + Casey, Antarctica changed time zones five times since 2020. + Code and data fixes for Palestine timestamps starting in 2072. + A new data file zonenow.tab for timestamps starting now. + + Changes to future timestamps + + Ittoqqortoormiit, Greenland (America/Scoresbysund) joins most of + the rest of Greenland's timekeeping practice on 2024-03-31, by + changing its time zone from -01/+00 to -02/-01 at the same moment + as the spring-forward transition. Its clocks will therefore not + spring forward as previously scheduled. The time zone change + reverts to its common practice before 1981. + + Fix predictions for DST transitions in Palestine in 2072-2075, + correcting a typo introduced in 2023a. + + Changes to past and future timestamps + + Vostok, Antarctica changed to +05 on 2023-12-18. It had been at + +07 (not +06) for years. (Thanks to Zakhary V. Akulov.) + + Change data for Casey, Antarctica to agree with timeanddate.com, + by adding five time zone changes since 2020. Casey is now at +08 + instead of +11. + + Changes to past tm_isdst flags + + Much of Greenland, represented by America/Nuuk, changed its + standard time from -03 to -02 on 2023-03-25, not on 2023-10-28. + This does not affect UTC offsets, only the tm_isdst flag. + (Thanks to Thomas M. Steenholdt.) + + New data file + + A new data file zonenow.tab helps configure applications that use + timestamps dated from now on. This simplifies configuration, + since users choose from a smaller Zone set. The file's format is + experimental and subject to change. + + Changes to code + + localtime.c no longer mishandles TZif files that contain a single + transition into a DST regime. Previously, it incorrectly assumed + DST was in effect before the transition too. (Thanks to Alois + Treindl for debugging help.) + + localtime.c's timeoff no longer collides with OpenBSD 7.4. + + The C code now uses _Generic only if __STDC_VERSION__ says the + compiler is C11 or later. + + tzselect now optionally reads zonenow.tab, to simplify when + configuring only for timestamps dated from now on. + + tzselect no longer creates temporary files. + + tzselect no longer mishandles the following: + + Spaces and most other special characters in BUGEMAIL, PACKAGE, + TZDIR, and VERSION. + + TZ strings when using mawk 1.4.3, which mishandles regular + expressions of the form /X{2,}/. + + ISO 6709 coordinates when using an awk that lacks the GNU + extension of newlines in -v option-arguments. + + Non UTF-8 locales when using an iconv command that lacks the GNU + //TRANSLIT extension. + + zic no longer mishandles data for Palestine after the year 2075. + Previously, it incorrectly omitted post-2075 transitions that are + predicted for just before and just after Ramadan. (Thanks to Ken + Murchison for debugging help.) + + zic now works again on Linux 2.6.16 and 2.6.17 (2006). + (Problem reported by Rune Torgersen.) + + Changes to build procedure + + The Makefile is now more compatible with POSIX: + * It no longer defines AR, CC, CFLAGS, LDFLAGS, and SHELL. + * It no longer uses its own 'cc' in place of CC. + * It now uses ARFLAGS, with default specified by POSIX. + * It does not use LFLAGS incompatibly with POSIX. + * It uses the special .POSIX target. + * It quotes special characters more carefully. + * It no longer mishandles builds in an ISO 8859 locale. + Due to the CC changes, TZDIR is now #defined in a file tzfile.h + built by 'make', not in a $(CC) -D option. Also, TZDEFAULT is + now treated like TZDIR as they have similar roles. + + Changes to commentary + + Limitations and hazards of the optional support for obsolescent + C89 platforms are documented better, along with a tentative + schedule for removing this support. + + +Release 2023c - 2023-03-28 12:42:14 -0700 + + Changes to past and future timestamps + + Model Lebanon's DST chaos by reverting data to tzdb 2023a. + (Thanks to Rany Hany for the heads-up.) + + +Release 2023b - 2023-03-23 19:50:38 -0700 + + Changes to future timestamps + + This year Lebanon springs forward April 20/21 not March 25/26. + (Thanks to Saadallah Itani.) [This was reverted in 2023c.] + + +Release 2023a - 2023-03-22 12:39:33 -0700 + + Briefly: + Egypt now uses DST again, from April through October. + This year Morocco springs forward April 23, not April 30. + Palestine delays the start of DST this year. + Much of Greenland still uses DST from 2024 on. + America/Yellowknife now links to America/Edmonton. + tzselect can now use current time to help infer timezone. + The code now defaults to C99 or later. + Fix use of C23 attributes. + + Changes to future timestamps + + Starting in 2023, Egypt will observe DST from April's last Friday + through October's last Thursday. (Thanks to Ahmad ElDardiry.) + Assume the transition times are 00:00 and 24:00, respectively. + + In 2023 Morocco's spring-forward transition after Ramadan + will occur April 23, not April 30. (Thanks to Milamber.) + Adjust predictions for future years accordingly. This affects + predictions for 2023, 2031, 2038, and later years. + + This year Palestine will delay its spring forward from + March 25 to April 29 due to Ramadan. (Thanks to Heba Hamad.) + Make guesses for future Ramadans too. + + Much of Greenland, represented by America/Nuuk, will continue to + observe DST using European Union rules. When combined with + Greenland's decision not to change the clocks in fall 2023, + America/Nuuk therefore changes from -03/-02 to -02/-01 effective + 2023-10-29 at 01:00 UTC. (Thanks to Thomas M. Steenholdt.) + This change from 2022g doesn't affect timestamps until 2024-03-30, + and doesn't affect tm_isdst until 2023-03-25. + + Changes to past timestamps + + America/Yellowknife has changed from a Zone to a backward + compatibility Link, as it no longer differs from America/Edmonton + since 1970. (Thanks to Almaz Mingaleev.) This affects some + pre-1948 timestamps. The old data are now in 'backzone'. + + Changes to past time zone abbreviations + + When observing Moscow time, Europe/Kirov and Europe/Volgograd now + use the abbreviations MSK/MSD instead of numeric abbreviations, + for consistency with other timezones observing Moscow time. + + Changes to code + + You can now tell tzselect local time, to simplify later choices. + Select the 'time' option in its first prompt. + + You can now compile with -DTZNAME_MAXIMUM=N to limit time zone + abbreviations to N bytes (default 255). The reference runtime + library now rejects POSIX-style TZ strings that contain longer + abbreviations, treating them as UTC. Previously the limit was + platform dependent and abbreviations were silently truncated to + 16 bytes even when the limit was greater than 16. + + The code by default is now designed for C99 or later. To build on + a mostly-C89 platform, compile with -DPORT_TO_C89; this should + work on C89 platforms that also support C99 'long long' and + perhaps a few other extensions to C89. To support C89 callers of + tzcode's library, compile with -DSUPPORT_C89; however, this could + trigger latent bugs in C99-or-later callers. The two new macros + are transitional aids planned to be removed in a future version + (say, in 2029), when C99 or later will be required. + + The code now builds again on pre-C99 platforms, if you compile + with -DPORT_TO_C89. This fixes a bug introduced in 2022f. + + On C23-compatible platforms tzcode no longer uses syntax like + 'static [[noreturn]] void usage(void);'. Instead, it uses + '[[noreturn]] static void usage(void);' as strict C23 requires. + (Problem reported by Houge Langley.) + + The code's functions now constrain their arguments with the C + 'restrict' keyword consistently with their documentation. + This may allow future optimizations. + + zdump again builds standalone with ckdadd and without setenv, + fixing a bug introduced in 2022g. (Problem reported by panic.) + + leapseconds.awk can now process a leap seconds file that never + expires; this might be useful if leap seconds are discontinued. + + Changes to commentary + + tz-link.html has a new section "Coordinating with governments and + distributors". (Thanks to Neil Fuller for some of the text.) + + To improve tzselect diagnostics, zone1970.tab's comments column is + now limited to countries that have multiple timezones. + + Note that leap seconds are planned to be discontinued by 2035. + + +Release 2022g - 2022-11-29 08:58:31 -0800 + + Briefly: + The northern edge of Chihuahua changes to US timekeeping. + Much of Greenland stops changing clocks after March 2023. + Fix some pre-1996 timestamps in northern Canada. + C89 is now deprecated; please use C99 or later. + Portability fixes for AIX, libintl, MS-Windows, musl, z/OS + In C code, use more C23 features if available. + C23 timegm now supported by default + Fixes for unlikely integer overflows + + Changes to future timestamps + + In the Mexican state of Chihuahua, the border strip near the US + will change to agree with nearby US locations on 2022-11-30. + The strip's western part, represented by Ciudad Juárez, switches + from -06 all year to -07/-06 with US DST rules, like El Paso, TX. + The eastern part, represented by Ojinaga, will observe US DST next + year, like Presidio, TX. (Thanks to Heitor David Pinto.) + A new Zone America/Ciudad_Juarez splits from America/Ojinaga. + + Much of Greenland, represented by America/Nuuk, stops observing + winter time after March 2023, so its daylight saving time becomes + standard time. (Thanks to Jonas Nyrup and Jürgen Appel.) + + Changes to past timestamps + + Changes for pre-1996 northern Canada (thanks to Chris Walton): + + Merge America/Iqaluit and America/Pangnirtung into the former, + with a backward compatibility link for the latter name. + There is no good evidence the two locations differ since 1970. + This change affects pre-1996 America/Pangnirtung timestamps. + + Cambridge Bay, Inuvik, Iqaluit, Rankin Inlet, Resolute and + Yellowknife did not observe DST in 1965, and did observe DST + from 1972 through 1979. + + Whitehorse moved from -09 to -08 on 1966-02-27, not 1967-05-28. + + Colombia's 1993 fallback was 02-06 24:00, not 04-04 00:00. + (Thanks to Alois Treindl.) + + Singapore's 1981-12-31 change was at 16:00 UTC (23:30 local time), + not 24:00 local time. (Thanks to Geoff Clare via Robert Elz.) + + Changes to code + + Although tzcode still works with C89, bugs found in recent routine + maintenance indicate that bitrot has set in and that in practice + C89 is no longer used to build tzcode. As it is a maintenance + burden, support for C89 is planned to be removed soon. Instead, + please use compilers compatible with C99, C11, C17, or C23. + + timegm, which tzcode implemented in 1989, will finally be + standardized 34 years later as part of C23, so timegm is now + supported even if STD_INSPIRED is not defined. + + Fix bug in zdump's tzalloc emulation on hosts that lack tm_zone. + (Problem reported by Đoàn Trần Công Danh.) + + Fix bug in zic on hosts where malloc(0) yields NULL on success. + (Problem reported by Tim McBrayer for AIX 6.1.) + + Fix zic configuration to avoid linkage failures on some platforms. + (Problems reported by Gilmore Davidson and Igor Ivanov.) + + Work around MS-Windows nmake incompatibility with POSIX. + (Problem reported by Manuela Friedrich.) + + Port mktime and strftime to debugging platforms where accessing + uninitialized data has undefined behavior (strftime problem + reported by Robert Elz). + + Check more carefully for unlikely integer overflows, preferring + C23 <stdckdint.h> to overflow checking by hand, as the latter has + had obscure bugs. + + Changes to build procedure + + New Makefile rule check_mild that skips checking whether Link + lines are in the file 'backward'. (Inspired by a suggestion from + Stephen Colebourne.) + + +Release 2022f - 2022-10-28 18:04:57 -0700 + + Briefly: + Mexico will no longer observe DST except near the US border. + Chihuahua moves to year-round -06 on 2022-10-30. + Fiji no longer observes DST. + Move links to 'backward'. + In vanguard form, GMT is now a Zone and Etc/GMT a link. + zic now supports links to links, and vanguard form uses this. + Simplify four Ontario zones. + Fix a Y2438 bug when reading TZif data. + Enable 64-bit time_t on 32-bit glibc platforms. + Omit large-file support when no longer needed. + In C code, use some C23 features if available. + Remove no-longer-needed workaround for Qt bug 53071. + + Changes to future timestamps + + Mexico will no longer observe DST after 2022, except for areas + near the US border that continue to observe US DST rules. + On 2022-10-30 at 02:00 the Mexican state of Chihuahua moves + from -07 (-06 with DST) to year-round -06, thus not changing + its clocks that day. The new law states that Chihuahua + near the US border no longer observes US DST. + (Thanks to gera for the heads-up about Chihuahua.) + + Fiji will not observe DST in 2022/3. (Thanks to Shalvin Narayan.) + For now, assume DST is suspended indefinitely. + + Changes to data + + Move links to 'backward' to ease and simplify link maintenance. + This affects generated data only if you use 'make BACKWARD='. + + GMT is now a Zone and Etc/GMT a link instead of vice versa, + as GMT is needed for leap second support whereas Etc/GMT is not. + However, this change exposes a bug in TZUpdater 2.3.2 so it is + present only in vanguard form for now. + + Vanguard form now uses links to links, as zic now supports this. + + Changes to past timestamps + + Simplify four Ontario zones, as most of the post-1970 differences + seem to have been imaginary. (Problem reported by Chris Walton.) + Move America/Nipigon, America/Rainy_River, and America/Thunder_Bay + to 'backzone'; backward-compatibility links still work, albeit + with some different timestamps before November 2005. + + Changes to code + + zic now supports links to links regardless of input line order. + For example, if Australia/Sydney is a Zone, the lines + Link Australia/Canberra Australia/ACT + Link Australia/Sydney Australia/Canberra + now work correctly, even though the shell commands + ln Australia/Canberra Australia/ACT + ln Australia/Sydney Australia/Canberra + would fail because the first command attempts to use a link + Australia/Canberra that does not exist until after the second + command is executed. Previously, zic had unspecified behavior if + a Link line's target was another link, and zic often misbehaved if + a Link line's target was a later Link line. + + Fix line number in zic's diagnostic for a link to a link. + + Fix a bug that caused localtime to mishandle timestamps starting + in the year 2438 when reading data generated by 'zic -b fat' when + distant-future DST transitions occur at times given in standard + time or in UT, not the usual case of local time. This occurs when + the corresponding .zi Rule lines specify DST transitions with TO + columns of 'max' and AT columns that end in 's' or 'u'. The + number 2438 comes from the 32-bit limit in the year 2038, plus the + 400-year Gregorian cycle. (Problem reported by Bradley White.) + + On glibc 2.34 and later, which optionally supports 64-bit time_t + on platforms like x86 where time_t was traditionally 32 bits, + default time_t to 64 instead of 32 bits. This lets functions like + localtime support timestamps after the year 2038, and fixes + year-2038 problems in zic when accessing files dated after 2038. + To continue to limit time_t to 32 bits on these platforms, use + "make CFLAGS='-D_TIME_BITS=32'". + + In C code, do not enable large-file support on platforms like AIX + and macOS that no longer need it now that tzcode does not use + off_t or related functions like 'stat'. Large-file support is + still enabled by default on GNU/Linux, as it is needed for 64-bit + time_t support. + + In C code, prefer C23 keywords to pre-C23 macros for alignof, + bool, false, and true. Also, use the following C23 features if + available: __has_include, unreachable. + + zic no longer works around Qt bug 53071, as the relevant Qt + releases have been out of support since 2019. This change affects + only fat TZif files, as thin files never had the workaround. + + zdump no longer modifies the environ vector when compiled on + platforms lacking tm_zone or when compiled with -DUSE_LTZ=0. + This avoid undefined behavior on POSIX platforms. + + +Release 2022e - 2022-10-11 11:13:02 -0700 + + Briefly: + Jordan and Syria switch from +02/+03 with DST to year-round +03. + + Changes to future timestamps + + Jordan and Syria are abandoning the DST regime and are changing to + permanent +03, so they will not fall back from +03 to +02 on + 2022-10-28. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen and Issam Al-Zuwairi.) + + Changes to past timestamps + + On 1922-01-01 Tijuana adopted standard time at 00:00, not 01:00. + + Changes to past time zone abbreviations and DST flags + + The temporary advancement of clocks in central Mexico in summer + 1931 is now treated as daylight saving time, instead of as two + changes to standard time. + + +Release 2022d - 2022-09-23 12:02:57 -0700 + + Briefly: + Palestine transitions are now Saturdays at 02:00. + Simplify three Ukraine zones into one. + + Changes to future timestamps + + Palestine now springs forward and falls back at 02:00 on the + first Saturday on or after March 24 and October 24, respectively. + This means 2022 falls back 10-29 at 02:00, not 10-28 at 01:00. + (Thanks to Heba Hamad.) + + Changes to past timestamps + + Simplify three Ukraine zones to one, since the post-1970 + differences seem to have been imaginary. Move Europe/Uzhgorod and + Europe/Zaporozhye to 'backzone'; backward-compatibility links + still work, albeit with different timestamps before October 1991. + + +Release 2022c - 2022-08-15 17:47:18 -0700 + + Briefly: + Work around awk bug in FreeBSD, macOS, etc. + Improve tzselect on intercontinental Zones. + + Changes to code + + Work around a bug in onetrueawk that broke commands like + 'make traditional_tarballs' on FreeBSD, macOS, etc. + (Problem reported by Deborah Goldsmith.) + + Add code to tzselect that uses experimental structured comments in + zone1970.tab to clarify whether Zones like Africa/Abidjan and + Europe/Istanbul cross continent or ocean boundaries. + (Inspired by a problem reported by Peter Krefting.) + + Fix bug with 'zic -d /a/b/c' when /a is unwritable but the + directory /a/b already exists. + + Remove zoneinfo2tdf.pl, as it was unused and triggered false + malware alarms on some email servers. + + +Release 2022b - 2022-08-10 15:38:32 -0700 + + Briefly: + Chile's DST is delayed by a week in September 2022. + Iran no longer observes DST after 2022. + Rename Europe/Kiev to Europe/Kyiv. + New zic -R option + Vanguard form now uses %z. + Finish moving duplicate-since-1970 zones to 'backzone'. + New build option PACKRATLIST + New tailored_tarballs target, replacing rearguard_tarballs + + Changes to future timestamps + + Chile's 2022 DST start is delayed from September 4 to September 11. + (Thanks to Juan Correa.) + + Iran plans to stop observing DST permanently, after it falls back + on 2022-09-21. (Thanks to Ali Mirjamali.) + + Changes to past timestamps + + Finish moving to 'backzone' the location-based zones whose + timestamps since 1970 are duplicates; adjust links accordingly. + This change ordinarily affects only pre-1970 timestamps, and with + the new PACKRATLIST option it does not affect any timestamps. + In this round the affected zones are Antarctica/Vostok, + Asia/Brunei, Asia/Kuala_Lumpur, Atlantic/Reykjavik, + Europe/Amsterdam, Europe/Copenhagen, Europe/Luxembourg, + Europe/Monaco, Europe/Oslo, Europe/Stockholm, Indian/Christmas, + Indian/Cocos, Indian/Kerguelen, Indian/Mahe, Indian/Reunion, + Pacific/Chuuk, Pacific/Funafuti, Pacific/Majuro, Pacific/Pohnpei, + Pacific/Wake and Pacific/Wallis, and the affected links are + Arctic/Longyearbyen, Atlantic/Jan_Mayen, Iceland, Pacific/Ponape, + Pacific/Truk, and Pacific/Yap. + + From fall 1994 through fall 1995, Shanks wrote that Crimea's + DST transitions were at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00. + (Thanks to Michael Deckers.) + + Iran adopted standard time in 1935, not 1946. In 1977 it observed + DST from 03-21 23:00 to 10-20 24:00; its 1978 transitions were on + 03-24 and 08-05, not 03-20 and 10-20; and its spring 1979 + transition was on 05-27, not 03-21. + (Thanks to Roozbeh Pournader and Francis Santoni.) + + Chile's observance of -04 from 1946-08-29 through 1947-03-31 was + considered DST, not standard time. Santiago and environs had moved + their clocks back to rejoin the rest of mainland Chile; put this + change at the end of 1946-08-28. (Thanks to Michael Deckers.) + + Some old, small clock transitions have been removed, as people at + the time did not change their clocks. This affects Asia/Hong_Kong + in 1904, Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh in 1906, and Europe/Dublin in 1880. + + Changes to zone name + + Rename Europe/Kiev to Europe/Kyiv, as "Kyiv" is more common in + English now. Spelling of other names in Ukraine has not yet + demonstrably changed in common English practice so for now these + names retain old spellings, as in other countries (e.g., + Europe/Prague not "Praha", and Europe/Sofia not "Sofiya"). + + Changes to code + + zic has a new option '-R @N' to output explicit transitions < N. + (Need suggested by Almaz Mingaleev.) + + 'zic -r @N' no longer outputs bad data when N < first transition. + (Problem introduced in 2021d and reported by Peter Krefting.) + + zic now checks its input for NUL bytes and unterminated lines, and + now supports input line lengths up to 2048 (not 512) bytes. + + gmtime and related code now use the abbreviation "UTC" not "GMT". + POSIX is being revised to require this. + + When tzset and related functions set vestigial static variables + like tzname, they now prefer specified timestamps to unspecified ones. + (Problem reported by Almaz Mingaleev.) + + zic no longer complains "can't determine time zone abbreviation to + use just after until time" when a transition to a new standard + time occurs simultaneously with the first DST fallback transition. + + Changes to build procedure + + Source data in vanguard form now uses the %z notation, introduced + in release 2015f. For example, for America/Sao_Paulo vanguard + form contains the zone continuation line "-3:00 Brazil %z", which + is simpler and more reliable than the line "-3:00 Brazil -03/-02" + used in main and rearguard forms. The plan is for the main form + to use %z eventually; in the meantime maintainers of zi parsers + are encouraged to test the parsers on vanguard.zi. + + The Makefile has a new PACKRATLIST option to select a subset of + 'backzone'. For example, 'make PACKRATDATA=backzone + PACKRATLIST=zone.tab' now generates TZif files identical to those + of the global-tz project. + + The Makefile has a new tailored_tarballs target for generating + special-purpose tarballs. It generalizes and replaces the + rearguard_tarballs target and related targets and macros, which + are now obsolescent. + + 'make install' now defaults LOCALTIME to Factory not GMT, + which means the default abbreviation is now "-00" not "GMT". + + Remove the posix_packrat target, marked obsolescent in 2016a. + + +Release 2022a - 2022-03-15 23:02:01 -0700 + + Briefly: + Palestine will spring forward on 2022-03-27, not -03-26. + zdump -v now outputs better failure indications. + Bug fixes for code that reads corrupted TZif data. + + Changes to future timestamps + + Palestine will spring forward on 2022-03-27, not 2022-03-26. + (Thanks to Heba Hamad.) Predict future transitions for first + Sunday >= March 25. Additionally, predict fallbacks to be the first + Friday on or after October 23, not October's last Friday, to be more + consistent with recent practice. The first differing fallback + prediction is on 2025-10-24, not 2025-10-31. + + Changes to past timestamps + + From 1992 through spring 1996, Ukraine's DST transitions were at + 02:00 standard time, not at 01:00 UTC. (Thanks to Alois Treindl.) + + Chile's Santiago Mean Time and its LMT precursor have been adjusted + eastward by 1 second to align with past and present law. + + Changes to commentary + + Add several references for Chile's 1946/1947 transitions, some of + which only affected portions of the country. + + Changes to code + + Fix bug when mktime gets confused by truncated TZif files with + unspecified local time. (Problem reported by Almaz Mingaleev.) + + Fix bug when 32-bit time_t code reads malformed 64-bit TZif data. + (Problem reported by Christos Zoulas.) + + When reading a version 2 or later TZif file, the TZif reader now + validates the version 1 header and data block only enough to skip + over them, as recommended by RFC 8536 section 4. Also, the TZif + reader no longer mistakenly attempts to parse a version 1 TZIf + file header as a TZ string. + + zdump -v now outputs "(localtime failed)" and "(gmtime failed)" + when local time and UT cannot be determined for a timestamp. + + Changes to build procedure + + Distribution tarballs now use standard POSIX.1-1988 ustar format + instead of GNU format. Although the formats are almost identical + for these tarballs, ustar headers' magic fields contain "ustar" + instead of "ustar ", and their version fields contain "00" instead + of " ". The two formats are planned to diverge more significantly + for tzdb releases after 2242-03-16 12:56:31 UTC, when the ustar + format becomes obsolete and the tarballs switch to pax format, an + extension of ustar. For details about these formats, please see + "pax - portable archive interchange", IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, + <https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/pax.html#tag_20_92_13>. + + +Release 2021e - 2021-10-21 18:41:00 -0700 + + Changes to future timestamps + + Palestine will fall back 10-29 (not 10-30) at 01:00. + (Thanks to P Chan and Heba Hemad.) + + +Release 2021d - 2021-10-15 13:48:18 -0700 + + Briefly: + Fiji suspends DST for the 2021/2022 season. + 'zic -r' marks unspecified timestamps with "-00". + + Changes to future timestamps + + Fiji will suspend observance of DST for the 2021/2022 season. + Assume for now that it will return next year. (Thanks to Jashneel + Kumar and P Chan.) + + Changes to code + + 'zic -r' now uses "-00" time zone abbreviations for intervals + with UT offsets that are unspecified due to -r truncation. + This implements a change in draft Internet RFC 8536bis. + + +Release 2021c - 2021-10-01 14:21:49 -0700 + + Briefly: + Revert most 2021b changes to 'backward'. + Fix 'zic -b fat' bug in pre-1970 32-bit data. + Fix two Link line typos. + Distribute SECURITY file. + + This release is intended as a bugfix release, to fix compatibility + problems and typos reported since 2021b was released. + + Changes to Link directives + + Revert almost all of 2021b's changes to the 'backward' file, + by moving Link directives back to where they were in 2021a. + Although 'zic' doesn't care which source file contains a Link + directive, some downstream uses ran into trouble with the move. + (Problem reported by Stephen Colebourne for Joda-Time.) + + Fix typo that linked Atlantic/Jan_Mayen to the wrong location + (problem reported by Chris Walton). + + Fix 'backzone' typo that linked America/Virgin to the wrong + location (problem reported by Michael Deckers). + + Changes to code + + Fix a bug in 'zic -b fat' that caused old timestamps to be + mishandled in 32-bit-only readers (problem reported by Daniel + Fischer). + + Changes to documentation + + Distribute the SECURITY file (problem reported by Andreas Radke). + + +Release 2021b - 2021-09-24 16:23:00 -0700 + + Briefly: + Jordan now starts DST on February's last Thursday. + Samoa no longer observes DST. + Merge more location-based Zones whose timestamps agree since 1970. + Move some backward-compatibility links to 'backward'. + Rename Pacific/Enderbury to Pacific/Kanton. + Correct many pre-1993 transitions in Malawi, Portugal, etc. + zic now creates each output file or link atomically. + zic -L no longer omits the POSIX TZ string in its output. + zic fixes for truncation and leap second table expiration. + zic now follows POSIX for TZ strings using all-year DST. + Fix some localtime crashes and bugs in obscure cases. + zdump -v now outputs more-useful boundary cases. + tzfile.5 better matches a draft successor to RFC 8536. + A new file SECURITY. + + This release is prompted by recent announcements by Jordan and Samoa. + It incorporates many other changes that had accumulated since 2021a. + However, it omits most proposed changes that merged all Zones + agreeing since 1970, as concerns were raised about doing too many of + these changes at once. It does keeps some of these changes in the + interest of making tzdb more equitable one step at a time; see + "Merge more location-based Zones" below. + + Changes to future timestamps + + Jordan now starts DST on February's last Thursday. + (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Samoa no longer observes DST. (Thanks to Geoffrey D. Bennett.) + + Changes to zone name + + Rename Pacific/Enderbury to Pacific/Kanton. When we added + Enderbury in 1993, we did not know that it is uninhabited and that + Kanton (population two dozen) is the only inhabited location in + that timezone. The old name is now a backward-compatibility link. + + Changes to past timestamps + + Correct many pre-1993 transitions, fixing entries originally + derived from Shanks, Whitman, and Mundell. The fixes include: + - Barbados: standard time was introduced in 1911, not 1932; and + DST was observed in 1942-1944 + - Cook Islands: In 1899 they switched from east to west of GMT, + celebrating Christmas for two days. They (and Niue) switched + to standard time in 1952, not 1901. + - Guyana: corrected LMT for Georgetown; the introduction of + standard time in 1911, not 1915; and corrections to 1975 and + 1992 transitions + - Kanton: uninhabited before 1937-08-31 + - Niue: only observed -11:20 from 1952 through 1964, then went to + -11 instead of -11:30 + - Portugal: DST was observed in 1950 + - Tonga: corrected LMT; the introduction of standard time in 1945, + not 1901; and corrections to the transition from +12:20 to +13 + in 1961, not 1941 + Additional fixes to entries in the 'backzone' file include: + - Enderbury: inhabited only 1860/1885 and 1938-03-06/1942-02-09 + - The Gambia: 1933 and 1942 transitions + - Malawi: several 1911 through 1925 transitions + - Sierra Leone: several 1913 through 1941 transitions, and DST + was NOT observed in 1957 through 1962 + (Thanks to P Chan, Michael Deckers, Alexander Krivenyshev and + Alois Treindl.) + + Merge more location-based Zones whose timestamps agree since 1970, + as pre-1970 timestamps are out of scope. This is part of a + process that has been ongoing since 2013. This does not affect + post-1970 timestamps, and timezone historians who build with 'make + PACKRATDATA=backzone' should see no changes to pre-1970 timestamps. + When merging, keep the most-populous location's data, and move + data for other locations to 'backzone' with a backward + link in 'backward'. For example, move America/Creston data to + 'backzone' with a link in 'backward' from America/Phoenix because + the two timezones' timestamps agree since 1970; this change + affects some pre-1968 timestamps in America/Creston because + Creston and Phoenix disagreed before 1968. The affected Zones + are Africa/Accra, America/Atikokan, America/Blanc-Sablon, + America/Creston, America/Curacao, America/Nassau, + America/Port_of_Spain, Antarctica/DumontDUrville, and + Antarctica/Syowa. + + Changes to maintenance procedure + + The new file SECURITY covers how to report security-related bugs. + + Several backward-compatibility links have been moved to the + 'backward' file. These links, which range from Africa/Addis_Ababa + to Pacific/Saipan, are only for compatibility with now-obsolete + guidelines suggesting an entry for every ISO 3166 code. + The intercontinental convenience links Asia/Istanbul and + Europe/Nicosia have also been moved to 'backward'. + + Changes to code + + zic now creates each output file or link atomically, + possibly by creating a temporary file and then renaming it. + This avoids races where a TZ setting would temporarily stop + working while zic was installing a replacement file or link. + + zic -L no longer omits the POSIX TZ string in its output. + Starting with 2020a, zic -L truncated its output according to the + "Expires" directive or "#expires" comment in the leapseconds file. + The resulting TZif files omitted daylight saving transitions after + the leap second table expired, which led to far less accurate + predictions of times after the expiry. Although future timestamps + cannot be converted accurately in the presence of leap seconds, it + is more accurate to convert near-future timestamps with a few + seconds error than with an hour error, so zic -L no longer + truncates output in this way. + + Instead, when zic -L is given the "Expires" directive, it now + outputs the expiration by appending a no-change entry to the leap + second table. Although this should work well with most TZif + readers, it does not conform to Internet RFC 8536 and some pickier + clients (including tzdb 2017c through 2021a) reject it, so + "Expires" directives are currently disabled by default. To enable + them, set the EXPIRES_LINE Makefile variable. If a TZif file uses + this new feature it is marked with a new TZif version number 4, + a format intended to be documented in a successor to RFC 8536. + The old-format "#expires" comments are now treated solely as + comments and have no effect on the TZif files. + + zic -L LEAPFILE -r @LO no longer generates an invalid TZif file + that omits leap second information for the range LO..B when LO + falls between two leap seconds A and B. Instead, it generates a + TZif version 4 file that represents the previously missing + information. + + The TZif reader now allows the leap second table to begin with a + correction other than -1 or +1, and to contain adjacent + transitions with equal corrections. This supports TZif version 4. + + The TZif reader now lets leap seconds occur less than 28 days + apart. This supports possible future TZif extensions. + + Fix bug that caused 'localtime' etc. to crash when TZ was + set to a all-year DST string like "EST5EDT4,0/0,J365/25" that does + not conform to POSIX but does conform to Internet RFC 8536. + + Fix another bug that caused 'localtime' etc. to crash when TZ was + set to a POSIX-conforming but unusual TZ string like + "EST5EDT4,0/0,J365/0", where almost all the year is DST. + + Fix yet another bug that caused 'localtime' etc. to mishandle slim + TZif files containing leap seconds after the last explicit + transition in the table, or when handling far-future timestamps + in slim TZif files lacking leap seconds. + + Fix localtime misbehavior involving positive leap seconds. + This change affects only behavior for "right" system time, + which contains leap seconds, and only if the UT offset is + not a multiple of 60 seconds when a positive leap second occurs. + (No such timezone exists in tzdb, luckily.) Without the fix, + the timestamp was ambiguous during a positive leap second. + With the fix, any seconds occurring after a positive leap second + and within the same localtime minute are counted through 60, not + through 59; their UT offset (tm_gmtoff) is the same as before. + Here is how the fix affects timestamps in a timezone with UT + offset +01:23:45 (5025 seconds) and with a positive leap second at + 1972-06-30 23:59:60 UTC (78796800): + + time_t without the fix with the fix + 78796800 1972-07-01 01:23:45 1972-07-01 01:23:45 (leap second) + 78796801 1972-07-01 01:23:45 1972-07-01 01:23:46 + ... + 78796815 1972-07-01 01:23:59 1972-07-01 01:23:60 + 78796816 1972-07-01 01:24:00 1972-07-01 01:24:00 + + Fix an unlikely bug that caused 'localtime' etc. to misbehave if + civil time changes a few seconds before time_t wraps around, when + leap seconds are enabled. + + Fix bug in zic -r; in some cases, the dummy time type after the + last time transition disagreed with the TZ string, contrary to + Internet RFC 8563 section 3.3. + + Fix a bug with 'zic -r @X' when X is a negative leap second that + has a nonnegative correction. Without the fix, the output file + was truncated so that X appeared to be a positive leap second. + Fix a similar, even less likely bug when truncating at a positive + leap second that has a nonpositive correction. + + zic -r now reports an error if given rolling leap seconds, as this + usage has never generally worked and is evidently unused. + + zic now generates a POSIX-conforming TZ string for TZif files + where all-year DST is predicted for the indefinite future. + For example, for all-year Eastern Daylight Time, zic now generates + "XXX3EDT4,0/0,J365/23" where it previously generated + "EST5EDT,0/0,J365/25" or "". (Thanks to Michael Deckers for + noting the possibility of POSIX conformance.) + + zic.c no longer requires sys/wait.h (thanks to spazmodius for + noting it wasn't needed). + + When reading slim TZif files, zdump no longer mishandles leap + seconds on the rare platforms where time_t counts leap seconds, + fixing a bug introduced in 2014g. + + zdump -v now outputs timestamps at boundaries of what localtime + and gmtime can represent, instead of the less useful timestamps + one day after the minimum and one day before the maximum. + (Thanks to Arthur David Olson for prototype code, and to Manuela + Friedrich for debugging help.) + + zdump's -c and -t options are now consistently inclusive for the + lower time bound and exclusive for the upper. Formerly they were + inconsistent. (Confusion noted by Martin Burnicki.) + + Changes to build procedure + + You can now compile with -DHAVE_MALLOC_ERRNO=0 to port to + non-POSIX hosts where malloc doesn't set errno. + (Problem reported by Jan Engelhardt.) + + Changes to documentation + + tzfile.5 better matches a draft successor to RFC 8536 + <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-murchison-rfc8536bis/01/>. + + +Release 2021a - 2021-01-24 10:54:57 -0800 + + Changes to future timestamps + + South Sudan changes from +03 to +02 on 2021-02-01 at 00:00. + (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + +Release 2020f - 2020-12-29 00:17:46 -0800 + + Change to build procedure + + 'make rearguard_tarballs' no longer generates a bad rearguard.zi, + fixing a 2020e bug. (Problem reported by Deborah Goldsmith.) + + +Release 2020e - 2020-12-22 15:14:34 -0800 + + Briefly: + Volgograd switches to Moscow time on 2020-12-27 at 02:00. + + Changes to future timestamps + + Volgograd changes time zone from +04 to +03 on 2020-12-27 at 02:00. + (Thanks to Alexander Krivenyshev and Stepan Golosunov.) + + Changes to past timestamps + + Correct many pre-1986 transitions, fixing entries originally + derived from Shanks. The fixes include: + - Australia: several 1917 through 1971 transitions + - The Bahamas: several 1941 through 1945 transitions + - Bermuda: several 1917 through 1956 transitions + - Belize: several 1942 through 1968 transitions + - Ghana: several 1915 through 1956 transitions + - Israel and Palestine: several 1940 through 1985 transitions + - Kenya and adjacent: several 1908 through 1960 transitions + - Nigeria and adjacent: correcting LMT in Lagos, and several 1905 + through 1919 transitions + - Seychelles: the introduction of standard time in 1907, not 1906 + - Vanuatu: DST in 1973-1974, and a corrected 1984 transition + (Thanks to P Chan.) + + Because of the Australia change, Australia/Currie (King Island) is + no longer needed, as it is identical to Australia/Hobart for all + timestamps since 1970 and was therefore created by mistake. + Australia/Currie has been moved to the 'backward' file and its + corrected data moved to the 'backzone' file. + + Changes to past time zone abbreviations and DST flags + + To better match legislation in Turks and Caicos, the 2015 shift to + year-round observance of -04 is now modeled as AST throughout before + returning to Eastern Time with US DST in 2018, rather than as + maintaining EDT until 2015-11-01. (Thanks to P Chan.) + + Changes to documentation + + The zic man page now documents zic's coalescing of transitions + when a zone falls back just before DST springs forward. + + +Release 2020d - 2020-10-21 11:24:13 -0700 + + Briefly: + Palestine ends DST earlier than predicted, on 2020-10-24. + + Changes to past and future timestamps + + Palestine ends DST on 2020-10-24 at 01:00, instead of 2020-10-31 + as previously predicted (thanks to Sharef Mustafa.) Its + 2019-10-26 fall-back was at 00:00, not 01:00 (thanks to Steffen + Thorsen.) Its 2015-10-23 transition was at 01:00 not 00:00, and + its spring 2020 transition was on March 28 at 00:00, not March 27 + (thanks to Pierre Cashon.) This affects Asia/Gaza and + Asia/Hebron. Assume future spring and fall transitions will be on + the Saturday preceding the last Sunday of March and October, + respectively. + + +Release 2020c - 2020-10-16 11:15:53 -0700 + + Briefly: + Fiji starts DST later than usual, on 2020-12-20. + + Changes to future timestamps + + Fiji will start DST on 2020-12-20, instead of 2020-11-08 as + previously predicted. DST will still end on 2021-01-17. + (Thanks to Raymond Kumar and Alan Mintz.) Assume for now that + the later-than-usual start date is a one-time departure from the + recent pattern. + + Changes to build procedure + + Rearguard tarballs now contain an empty file pacificnew. + Some older downstream software expects this file to exist. + (Problem reported by Mike Cullinan.) + + +Release 2020b - 2020-10-06 18:35:04 -0700 + + Briefly: + Revised predictions for Morocco's changes starting in 2023. + Canada's Yukon changes to -07 on 2020-11-01, not 2020-03-08. + Macquarie Island has stayed in sync with Tasmania since 2011. + Casey, Antarctica is at +08 in winter and +11 in summer. + zic no longer supports -y, nor the TYPE field of Rules. + + Changes to future timestamps + + Morocco's spring-forward after Ramadan is now predicted to occur + no sooner than two days after Ramadan, instead of one day. + (Thanks to Milamber.) The first altered prediction is for 2023, + now predicted to spring-forward on April 30 instead of April 23. + + Changes to past and future timestamps + + Casey Station, Antarctica has been using +08 in winter and +11 in + summer since 2018. The most recent transition from +08 to +11 was + 2020-10-04 00:01. Also, Macquarie Island has been staying in + sync with Tasmania since 2011. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Changes to past and future time zone abbreviations and DST flags + + Canada's Yukon, represented by America/Whitehorse and + America/Dawson, changes its time zone rules from -08/-07 to + permanent -07 on 2020-11-01, not on 2020-03-08 as 2020a had it. + This change affects only the time zone abbreviation (MST vs PDT) + and daylight saving flag for the period between the two dates. + (Thanks to Andrew G. Smith.) + + Changes to past timestamps + + Correct several transitions for Hungary for 1918/1983. + For example, the 1983-09-25 fall-back was at 01:00, not 03:00. + (Thanks to Géza Nyáry.) Also, the 1890 transition to standard + time was on 11-01, not 10-01 (thanks to Michael Deckers). + + The 1891 French transition was on March 16, not March 15. The + 1911-03-11 French transition was at midnight, not a minute later. + Monaco's transitions were on 1892-06-01 and 1911-03-29, not + 1891-03-15 and 1911-03-11. (Thanks to Michael Deckers.) + + Changes to code + + Support for zic's long-obsolete '-y YEARISTYPE' option has been + removed and, with it, so has support for the TYPE field in Rule + lines, which is now reserved for compatibility with earlier zic. + These features were previously deprecated in release 2015f. + (Thanks to Tim Parenti.) + + zic now defaults to '-b slim' instead of to '-b fat'. + + zic's new '-l -' and '-p -' options uninstall any existing + localtime and posixrules files, respectively. + + The undocumented and ineffective tzsetwall function has been + removed. + + Changes to build procedure + + The Makefile now defaults POSIXRULES to '-', so the posixrules + feature (obsolete as of 2019b) is no longer installed by default. + + Changes to documentation and commentary + + The long-obsolete files pacificnew, systemv, and yearistype.sh have + been removed from the distribution. (Thanks to Tim Parenti.) + + +Release 2020a - 2020-04-23 16:03:47 -0700 + + Briefly: + Morocco springs forward on 2020-05-31, not 2020-05-24. + Canada's Yukon advanced to -07 year-round on 2020-03-08. + America/Nuuk renamed from America/Godthab. + zic now supports expiration dates for leap second lists. + + Changes to future timestamps + + Morocco's second spring-forward transition in 2020 will be May 31, + not May 24 as predicted earlier. (Thanks to Semlali Naoufal.) + Adjust future-year predictions to use the first Sunday after the + day after Ramadan, not the first Sunday after Ramadan. + + Canada's Yukon, represented by America/Whitehorse and + America/Dawson, advanced to -07 year-round, beginning with its + spring-forward transition on 2020-03-08, and will not fall back on + 2020-11-01. Although a government press release calls this + "permanent Pacific Daylight Saving Time", we prefer MST for + consistency with nearby Dawson Creek, Creston, and Fort Nelson. + (Thanks to Tim Parenti.) + + Changes to past timestamps + + Shanghai observed DST in 1919. (Thanks to Phake Nick.) + + Changes to timezone identifiers + + To reflect current usage in English better, America/Godthab has + been renamed to America/Nuuk. A backwards-compatibility link + remains for the old name. + + Changes to code + + localtime.c no longer mishandles timestamps after the last + transition in a TZif file with leap seconds and with daylight + saving time transitions projected into the indefinite future. + For example, with TZ='America/Los_Angeles' with leap seconds, + zdump formerly reported a DST transition on 2038-03-14 + from 01:59:32.999... to 02:59:33 instead of the correct transition + from 01:59:59.999... to 03:00:00. + + zic -L now supports an Expires line in the leapseconds file, and + truncates the TZif output accordingly. This propagates leap + second expiration information into the TZif file, and avoids the + abovementioned localtime.c bug as well as similar bugs present in + many client implementations. If no Expires line is present, zic + -L instead truncates the TZif output based on the #expires comment + present in leapseconds files distributed by tzdb 2018f and later; + however, this usage is obsolescent. For now, the distributed + leapseconds file has an Expires line that is commented out, so + that the file can be fed to older versions of zic which ignore the + commented-out line. Future tzdb distributions are planned to + contain a leapseconds file with an Expires line. + + The configuration macros HAVE_TZNAME and USG_COMPAT should now be + set to 1 if the system library supports the feature, and 2 if not. + As before, these macros are nonzero if tzcode should support the + feature, zero otherwise. + + The configuration macro ALTZONE now has the same values with the + same meaning as HAVE_TZNAME and USG_COMPAT. + + The code's defense against CRLF in leap-seconds.list is now + portable to POSIX awk. (Problem reported by Deborah Goldsmith.) + + Although the undocumented tzsetwall function is not changed in + this release, it is now deprecated in preparation for removal in + future releases. Due to POSIX requirements, tzsetwall has not + worked for some time. Any code that uses it should instead use + tzalloc(NULL) or, if portability trumps thread-safety, should + unset the TZ environment variable. + + Changes to commentary + + The Îles-de-la-Madeleine and the Listuguj reserve are noted as + following America/Halifax, and comments about Yukon's "south" and + "north" have been corrected to say "east" and "west". (Thanks to + Jeffery Nichols.) + + +Release 2019c - 2019-09-11 08:59:48 -0700 + + Briefly: + Fiji observes DST from 2019-11-10 to 2020-01-12. + Norfolk Island starts observing Australian-style DST. + + Changes to future timestamps + + Fiji's next DST transitions will be 2019-11-10 and 2020-01-12 + instead of 2019-11-03 and 2020-01-19. (Thanks to Raymond Kumar.) + Adjust future guesses accordingly. + + Norfolk Island will observe Australian-style DST starting in + spring 2019. The first transition is on 2019-10-06. (Thanks to + Kyle Czech and Michael Deckers.) + + Changes to past timestamps + + Many corrections to time in Turkey from 1940 through 1985. + (Thanks to Oya Vulaş via Alois Treindl, and to Kıvanç Yazan.) + + The Norfolk Island 1975-03-02 transition was at 02:00 standard + time, not 02:00 DST. (Thanks to Michael Deckers.) + + South Korea observed DST from 1948 through 1951. Although this + info was supposed to appear in release 2014j, a typo inadvertently + suppressed the change. (Thanks to Alois Treindl.) + + Detroit observed DST in 1967 and 1968 following the US DST rules, + except that its 1967 DST began on June 14 at 00:01. (Thanks to + Alois Treindl for pointing out that the old data entries were + probably wrong.) + + Fix several errors in pre-1970 transitions in Perry County, IN. + (Thanks to Alois Treindl for pointing out the 1967/9 errors.) + + Edmonton did not observe DST in 1967 or 1969. In 1946 Vancouver + ended DST on 09-29 not 10-13, and Vienna ended DST on 10-07 not + 10-06. In 1945 Königsberg (now Kaliningrad) switched from +01/+02 + to +02/+03 on 04-10 not 01-01, and its +02/+03 is abbreviated + EET/EEST, not CET/CEST. (Thanks to Alois Treindl.) In 1946 + Königsberg switched to +03 on 04-07 not 01-01. + + In 1946 Louisville switched from CST to CDT on 04-28 at 00:01, not + 01-01 at 00:00. (Thanks to Alois Treindl and Michael Deckers.) + Also, it switched from CST to CDT on 1950-04-30, not 1947-04-27. + + The 1892-05-01 transition in Brussels was at 00:17:30, not at noon. + (Thanks to Michael Deckers.) + + Changes to past time zone abbreviations and DST flags + + Hong Kong Winter Time, observed from 1941-10-01 to 1941-12-25, + is now flagged as DST and is abbreviated HKWT not HKT. + + Changes to code + + leapseconds.awk now relies only on its input data, rather than + also relying on its comments. (Inspired by code from Dennis + Ferguson and Chris Woodbury.) + + The code now defends against CRLFs in leap-seconds.list. + (Thanks to Brian Inglis and Chris Woodbury.) + + Changes to documentation and commentary + + theory.html discusses leap seconds. (Thanks to Steve Summit.) + + Nashville's newspapers dueled about the time of day in the 1950s. + (Thanks to John Seigenthaler.) + + Liechtenstein observed Swiss DST in 1941/2. + (Thanks to Alois Treindl.) + + +Release 2019b - 2019-07-01 00:09:53 -0700 + + Briefly: + Brazil no longer observes DST. + 'zic -b slim' outputs smaller TZif files; please try it out. + Palestine's 2019 spring-forward transition was on 03-29, not 03-30. + + Changes to future timestamps + + Brazil has canceled DST and will stay on standard time indefinitely. + (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen, Marcus Diniz, and Daniel Soares de + Oliveira.) + + Predictions for Morocco now go through 2087 instead of 2037, to + work around a problem on newlib when using TZif files output by + zic 2019a or earlier. (Problem reported by David Gauchard.) + + Changes to past and future timestamps + + Palestine's 2019 spring transition was 03-29 at 00:00, not 03-30 + at 01:00. (Thanks to Sharef Mustafa and Even Scharning.) Guess + future transitions to be March's last Friday at 00:00. + + Changes to past timestamps + + Hong Kong's 1941-06-15 spring-forward transition was at 03:00, not + 03:30. Its 1945 transition from JST to HKT was on 11-18 at 02:00, + not 09-15 at 00:00. In 1946 its spring-forward transition was on + 04-21 at 00:00, not the previous day at 03:30. From 1946 through + 1952 its fall-back transitions occurred at 04:30, not at 03:30. + In 1947 its fall-back transition was on 11-30, not 12-30. + (Thanks to P Chan.) + + Changes to past time zone abbreviations + + Italy's 1866 transition to Rome Mean Time was on December 12, not + September 22. This affects only the time zone abbreviation for + Europe/Rome between those dates. (Thanks to Stephen Trainor and + Luigi Rosa.) + + Changes affecting metadata only + + Add info about the Crimea situation in zone1970.tab and zone.tab. + (Problem reported by Serhii Demediuk.) + + Changes to code + + zic's new -b option supports a way to control data bloat and to + test for year-2038 bugs in software that reads TZif files. + 'zic -b fat' and 'zic -b slim' generate larger and smaller output; + for example, changing from fat to slim shrinks the Europe/London + file from 3648 to 1599 bytes, saving about 56%. Fat and slim + files represent the same set of timestamps and use the same TZif + format as documented in tzfile(5) and in Internet RFC 8536. + Fat format attempts to work around bugs or incompatibilities in + older software, notably software that mishandles 64-bit TZif data + or uses obsolete TZ strings like "EET-2EEST" that lack DST rules. + Slim format is more efficient and does not work around 64-bit bugs + or obsolete TZ strings. Currently zic defaults to fat format + unless you compile with -DZIC_BLOAT_DEFAULT=\"slim\"; this + out-of-the-box default is intended to change in future releases + as the buggy software often mishandles timestamps anyway. + + zic no longer treats a set of rules ending in 2037 specially. + Previously, zic assumed that such a ruleset meant that future + timestamps could not be predicted, and therefore omitted a + POSIX-like TZ string in the TZif output. The old behavior is no + longer needed for current tzdata, and caused problems with newlib + when used with older tzdata (reported by David Gauchard). + + zic no longer generates some artifact transitions. For example, + Europe/London no longer has a no-op transition in January 1996. + + Changes to build procedure + + tzdata.zi now assumes zic 2017c or later. This shrinks tzdata.zi + by a percent or so. + + Changes to documentation and commentary + + The Makefile now documents the POSIXRULES macro as being obsolete, + and similarly, zic's -p POSIXRULES option is now documented as + being obsolete. Although the POSIXRULES feature still exists and + works as before, in practice it is rarely used for its intended + purpose, and it does not work either in the default reference + implementation (for timestamps after 2037) or in common + implementations such as GNU/Linux (for contemporary timestamps). + Since POSIXRULES was designed primarily as a temporary transition + facility for System V platforms that died off decades ago, it is + being decommissioned rather than institutionalized. + + New info on Bonin Islands and Marcus (thanks to Wakaba and Phake Nick). + + +Release 2019a - 2019-03-25 22:01:33 -0700 + + Briefly: + Palestine "springs forward" on 2019-03-30 instead of 2019-03-23. + Metlakatla "fell back" to rejoin Alaska Time on 2019-01-20 at 02:00. + + Changes to past and future timestamps + + Palestine will not start DST until 2019-03-30, instead of 2019-03-23 as + previously predicted. Adjust our prediction by guessing that spring + transitions will be between 24 and 30 March, which matches recent practice + since 2016. (Thanks to Even Scharning and Tim Parenti.) + + Metlakatla ended its observance of Pacific standard time, + rejoining Alaska Time, on 2019-01-20 at 02:00. (Thanks to Ryan + Stanley and Tim Parenti.) + + Changes to past timestamps + + Israel observed DST in 1980 (08-02/09-13) and 1984 (05-05/08-25). + (Thanks to Alois Treindl and Isaac Starkman.) + + Changes to time zone abbreviations + + Etc/UCT is now a backward-compatibility link to Etc/UTC, instead + of being a separate zone that generates the abbreviation "UCT", + which nowadays is typically a typo. (Problem reported by Isiah + Meadows.) + + Changes to code + + zic now has an -r option to limit the time range of output data. + For example, 'zic -r @1000000000' limits the output data to + timestamps starting 1000000000 seconds after the Epoch. + This helps shrink output size and can be useful for applications + not needing the full timestamp history, such as TZDIST truncation; + see Internet RFC 8536 section 5.1. (Inspired by a feature request + from Christopher Wong, helped along by bug reports from Wong and + from Tim Parenti.) + + Changes to documentation + + Mention Internet RFC 8536 (February 2019), which documents TZif. + + tz-link.html now cites tzdata-meta + <https://tzdata-meta.timtimeonline.com/>. + + +Release 2018i - 2018-12-30 11:05:43 -0800 + + Briefly: + São Tomé and Príncipe switches from +01 to +00 on 2019-01-01. + + Changes to future timestamps + + Due to a change in government, São Tomé and Príncipe switches back + from +01 to +00 on 2019-01-01 at 02:00. (Thanks to Vadim + Nasardinov and Michael Deckers.) + + +Release 2018h - 2018-12-23 17:59:32 -0800 + + Briefly: + Qyzylorda, Kazakhstan moved from +06 to +05 on 2018-12-21. + New zone Asia/Qostanay because Qostanay, Kazakhstan didn't move. + Metlakatla, Alaska observes PST this winter only. + Guess Morocco will continue to adjust clocks around Ramadan. + Add predictions for Iran from 2038 through 2090. + + Changes to future timestamps + + Guess that Morocco will continue to fall back just before and + spring forward just after Ramadan, the practice since 2012. + (Thanks to Maamar Abdelkader.) This means Morocco will observe + negative DST during Ramadan in main and vanguard formats, and in + rearguard format it stays in the +00 timezone and observes + ordinary DST in all months other than Ramadan. As before, extend + this guesswork to the year 2037. As a consequence, Morocco is + scheduled to observe three DST transitions in some Gregorian years + (e.g., 2033) due to the mismatch between the Gregorian and Islamic + calendars. + + The table of exact transitions for Iranian DST has been extended. + It formerly cut off before the year 2038 in a nod to 32-bit time_t. + It now cuts off before 2091 as there is doubt about how the Persian + calendar will treat 2091. This change predicts DST transitions in + 2038-9, 2042-3, and 2046-7 to occur one day later than previously + predicted. As before, post-cutoff transitions are approximated. + + Changes to past and future timestamps + + Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda) oblast in Kazakhstan moved from +06 to + +05 on 2018-12-21. This is a zone split as Qostanay (aka + Kostanay) did not switch, so create a zone Asia/Qostanay. + + Metlakatla moved from Alaska to Pacific standard time on 2018-11-04. + It did not change clocks that day and remains on -08 this winter. + (Thanks to Ryan Stanley.) It will revert to the usual Alaska + rules next spring, so this change affects only timestamps + from 2018-11-04 through 2019-03-10. + + Change to past timestamps + + Kwajalein's 1993-08-20 transition from -12 to +12 was at 24:00, + not 00:00. I transcribed the time incorrectly from Shanks. + (Thanks to Phake Nick.) + + Nauru's 1979 transition was on 02-10 at 02:00, not 05-01 at 00:00. + (Thanks to Phake Nick.) + + Guam observed DST irregularly from 1959 through 1977. + (Thanks to Phake Nick.) + + Hong Kong observed DST in 1941 starting 06-15 (not 04-01), then on + 10-01 changed standard time to +08:30 (not +08). Its transition + back to +08 after WWII was on 1945-09-15, not the previous day. + Its 1904-10-30 change took effect at 01:00 +08 (not 00:00 LMT). + (Thanks to Phake Nick, Steve Allen, and Joseph Myers.) Also, + its 1952 fallback was on 11-02 (not 10-25). + + This release contains many changes to timestamps before 1946 due + to Japanese possession or occupation of Pacific/Chuuk, + Pacific/Guam, Pacific/Kosrae, Pacific/Kwajalein, Pacific/Majuro, + Pacific/Nauru, Pacific/Palau, and Pacific/Pohnpei. + (Thanks to Phake Nick.) + + Assume that the Spanish East Indies was like the Philippines and + observed American time until the end of 1844. This affects + Pacific/Chuuk, Pacific/Kosrae, Pacific/Palau, and Pacific/Pohnpei. + + Changes to past tm_isdst flags + + For the recent Morocco change, the tm_isdst flag should be 1 from + 2018-10-27 00:00 to 2018-10-28 03:00. (Thanks to Michael Deckers.) + Give a URL to the official decree. (Thanks to Matt Johnson.) + + +Release 2018g - 2018-10-26 22:22:45 -0700 + + Briefly: + Morocco switches to permanent +01 on 2018-10-28. + + Changes to future timestamps + + Morocco switches from +00/+01 to permanent +01 effective 2018-10-28, + so its clocks will not fall back as previously scheduled. + (Thanks to Mohamed Essedik Najd and Brian Inglis.) + + Changes to code + + When generating TZif files with leap seconds, zic no longer uses a + format that trips up older 32-bit clients, fixing a bug introduced + in 2018f. (Reported by Daniel Fischer.) Also, the zic workaround + for QTBUG-53071 now also works for TZif files with leap seconds. + + The translator to rearguard format now rewrites the line + "Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 25:00 0 S" to + "Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sun>=9 1:00 0 S". + This caters to zic before 2007 and to Oracle TZUpdater 2.2.0 + and earlier. (Reported by Christos Zoulas.) + + Changes to past time zone abbreviations + + Change HDT to HWT/HPT for WWII-era abbreviations in Hawaii. + This reverts to 2011h, as the abbreviation change in 2011i was + likely inadvertent. + + Changes to documentation + + tzfile.5 has new sections on interoperability issues. + + +Release 2018f - 2018-10-18 00:14:18 -0700 + + Briefly: + Volgograd moves from +03 to +04 on 2018-10-28. + Fiji ends DST 2019-01-13, not 2019-01-20. + Most of Chile changes DST dates, effective 2019-04-06. + + Changes to future timestamps + + Volgograd moves from +03 to +04 on 2018-10-28 at 02:00. + (Thanks to Alexander Fetisov and Stepan Golosunov.) + + Fiji ends DST 2019-01-13 instead of the 2019-01-20 previously + predicted. (Thanks to Raymond Kumar.) Adjust future predictions + accordingly. + + Most of Chile will end DST on the first Saturday in April at 24:00 mainland + time, and resume DST on the first Saturday in September at 24:00 mainland + time. The changes are effective from 2019-04-06, and do not affect the + Magallanes region modeled by America/Punta_Arenas. (Thanks to Juan Correa + and Tim Parenti.) Adjust future predictions accordingly. + + Changes to past timestamps + + The 2018-05-05 North Korea 30-minute time zone change took place + at 23:30 the previous day, not at 00:00 that day. + + China's 1988 spring-forward transition was on April 17, not + April 10. Its DST transitions in 1986/91 were at 02:00, not 00:00. + (Thanks to P Chan.) + + Fix several issues for Macau before 1992. Macau's pre-1904 LMT + was off by 10 s. Macau switched to +08 in 1904 not 1912, and + temporarily switched to +09/+10 during World War II. Macau + observed DST in 1942/79, not 1961/80, and there were several + errors for transition times and dates. (Thanks to P Chan.) + + The 1948-1951 fallback transitions in Japan were at 25:00 on + September's second Saturday, not at 24:00. (Thanks to Phake Nick.) + zic turns this into 01:00 on the day after September's second + Saturday, which is the best that POSIX or C platforms can do. + + Incorporate 1940-1949 Asia/Shanghai DST transitions from a 2014 + paper by Li Yu, replacing more-questionable data from Shanks. + + Changes to time zone abbreviations + + Use "PST" and "PDT" for Philippine time. (Thanks to Paul Goyette.) + + Changes to code + + zic now always generates TZif files where time type 0 is used for + timestamps before the first transition. This simplifies the + reading of TZif files and should not affect behavior of existing + TZif readers because the same set of time types is used; only + their internal indexes may have changed. This affects only the + legacy zones EST5EDT, CST6CDT, MST7MDT, PST8PDT, CET, MET, and + EET, which previously used nonzero types for these timestamps. + + Because of the type 0 change, zic no longer outputs a dummy + transition at time -2**59 (before the Big Bang), as clients should + no longer need this to handle historical timestamps correctly. + This reverts a change introduced in 2013d and shrinks most TZif + files by a few bytes. + + zic now supports negative time-of-day in Rule and Leap lines, e.g., + "Rule X min max - Apr lastSun -6:00 1:00 -" means the transition + occurs at 18:00 on the Saturday before the last Sunday in April. + This behavior was documented in 2018a but the code did not + entirely match the documentation. + + localtime.c no longer requires at least one time type in TZif + files that lack transitions or have a POSIX-style TZ string. This + future-proofs the code against possible future extensions to the + format that would allow TZif files with POSIX-style TZ strings and + without transitions or time types. + + A read-access subscript error in localtime.c has been fixed. + It could occur only in TZif files with timecnt == 0, something that + does not happen in practice now but could happen in future versions. + + localtime.c no longer ignores TZif POSIX-style TZ strings that + specify only standard time. Instead, these TZ strings now + override the default time type for timestamps after the last + transition (or for all timestamps if there are no transitions), + just as DST strings specifying DST have always done. + + leapseconds.awk now outputs "#updated" and "#expires" comments, + and supports leap seconds at the ends of months other than June + and December. (Inspired by suggestions from Chris Woodbury.) + + Changes to documentation + + New restrictions: A Rule name must start with a character that + is neither an ASCII digit nor "-" nor "+", and an unquoted name + should not use characters in the set "!$%&'()*,/:;<=>?@[\]^`{|}~". + The latter restriction makes room for future extensions (a + possibility noted by Tom Lane). + + tzfile.5 now documents what time types apply before the first and + after the last transition, if any. + + Documentation now uses the spelling "timezone" for a TZ setting + that determines timestamp history, and "time zone" for a + geographic region currently sharing the same standard time. + + The name "TZif" is now used for the tz binary data format. + + tz-link.htm now mentions the A0 TimeZone Migration utilities. + (Thanks to Aldrin Martoq for the link.) + + Changes to build procedure + + New 'make' target 'rearguard_tarballs' to build the rearguard + tarball only. This is a convenience on platforms that lack lzip + if you want to build the rearguard tarball. (Problem reported by + Deborah Goldsmith.) + + tzdata.zi is now more stable from release to release. (Problem + noted by Tom Lane.) It is also a bit shorter. + + tzdata.zi now can contain comment lines documenting configuration + information, such as which data format was selected, which input + files were used, and how leap seconds are treated. (Problems + noted by Lester Caine and Brian Inglis.) If the Makefile defaults + are used these comment lines are absent, for backward + compatibility. A redistributor intending to alter its copy of the + files should also append "-LABEL" to the 'version' file's first + line, where "LABEL" identifies the redistributor's change. + + +Release 2018e - 2018-05-01 23:42:51 -0700 + + Briefly: + + North Korea switches back to +09 on 2018-05-05. + The main format uses negative DST again, for Ireland etc. + 'make tarballs' now also builds a rearguard tarball. + New 's' and 'd' suffixes in SAVE columns of Rule and Zone lines. + + Changes to past and future timestamps + + North Korea switches back from +0830 to +09 on 2018-05-05. + (Thanks to Kang Seonghoon, Arthur David Olson, Seo Sanghyeon, + and Tim Parenti.) + + Bring back the negative-DST changes of 2018a, except be more + compatible with data parsers that do not support negative DST. + Also, this now affects historical timestamps in Namibia and the + former Czechoslovakia, not just Ireland. The main format now uses + negative DST to model timestamps in Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), + Europe/Prague (1946/7), and Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This + does not affect UT offsets, only time zone abbreviations and the + tm_isdst flag. Also, this does not affect rearguard or vanguard + formats; effectively the main format now uses vanguard instead of + rearguard format. Data parsers that do not support negative DST + can still use data from the rearguard tarball described below. + + Changes to build procedure + + The command 'make tarballs' now also builds the tarball + tzdataVERSION-rearguard.tar.gz, which is like tzdataVERSION.tar.gz + except that it uses rearguard format intended for trailing-edge + data parsers. + + Changes to data format and to code + + The SAVE column of Rule and Zone lines can now have an 's' or 'd' + suffix, which specifies whether the adjusted time is standard time + or daylight saving time. If no suffix is given, daylight saving + time is used if and only if the SAVE column is nonzero; this is + the longstanding behavior. Although this new feature is not used + in tzdata, it could be used to specify the legal time in Namibia + 1994-2017, as opposed to the popular time (see below). + + Changes to past timestamps + + From 1994 through 2017 Namibia observed DST in winter, not summer. + That is, it used negative DST, as Ireland still does. This change + does not affect UTC offsets; it affects only the tm_isdst flag and + the abbreviation used during summer, which is now CAT, not WAST. + Although (as noted by Michael Deckers) summer and winter time were + both simply called "standard time" in Namibian law, in common + practice winter time was considered to be DST (as noted by Stephen + Colebourne). The full effect of this change is only in vanguard + and main format; in rearguard format, the tm_isdst flag is still + zero in winter and nonzero in summer. + + In 1946/7 Czechoslovakia also observed negative DST in winter. + The full effect of this change is only in vanguard and main + formats; in rearguard format, it is modeled as plain GMT without + daylight saving. Also, the dates of some 1944/5 DST transitions + in Czechoslovakia have been changed. + + +Release 2018d - 2018-03-22 07:05:46 -0700 + + Briefly: + + Palestine starts DST a week earlier in 2018. + Add support for vanguard and rearguard data consumers. + Add subsecond precision to source data format, though not to data. + + Changes to future timestamps + + In 2018, Palestine starts DST on March 24, not March 31. + Adjust future predictions accordingly. (Thanks to Sharef Mustafa.) + + Changes to past and future timestamps + + Casey Station in Antarctica changed from +11 to +08 on 2018-03-11 + at 04:00. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Changes to past timestamps + + Historical transitions for Uruguay, represented by + America/Montevideo, have been updated per official legal documents, + replacing previous data mainly originating from the inventions of + Shanks & Pottenger. This has resulted in adjustments ranging from + 30 to 90 minutes in either direction over at least two dozen + distinct periods ranging from one day to several years in length. + A mere handful of pre-1991 transitions are unaffected; data since + then has come from more reliable contemporaneous reporting. These + changes affect various timestamps in 1920-1923, 1936, 1939, + 1942-1943, 1959, 1966-1970, 1972, 1974-1980, and 1988-1990. + Additionally, Uruguay's pre-standard-time UT offset has been + adjusted westward by 7 seconds, from UT-03:44:44 to UT-03:44:51, to + match the location of the Observatory of the National Meteorological + Institute in Montevideo. + (Thanks to Jeremie Bonjour, Tim Parenti, and Michael Deckers.) + + East Kiribati skipped New Year's Eve 1994, not New Year's Day 1995. + (Thanks to Kerry Shetline.) + + Fix the 1912-01-01 transition for Portugal and its colonies. + This transition was at 00:00 according to the new UT offset, not + according to the old one. Also assume that Cape Verde switched on + the same date as the rest, not in 1907. This affects + Africa/Bissau, Africa/Sao_Tome, Asia/Macau, Atlantic/Azores, + Atlantic/Cape_Verde, Atlantic/Madeira, and Europe/Lisbon. + (Thanks to Michael Deckers.) + + Fix an off-by-1 error for pre-1913 timestamps in Jamaica and in + Turks & Caicos. + + Changes to past time zone abbreviations + + MMT took effect in Uruguay from 1908-06-10, not 1898-06-28. There + is no clock change associated with the transition. + + Changes to build procedure + + The new DATAFORM macro in the Makefile lets the installer choose + among three source data formats. The idea is to lessen downstream + disruption when data formats are improved. + + * DATAFORM=vanguard installs from the latest, bleeding-edge + format. DATAFORM=main (the default) installs from the format + used in the 'africa' etc. files. DATAFORM=rearguard installs + from a trailing-edge format. Eventually, elements of today's + vanguard format should move to the main format, and similarly + the main format's features should eventually move to the + rearguard format. + + * In the current version, the main and rearguard formats are + identical and match that of 2018c, so this change does not + affect default behavior. The vanguard format currently contains + one feature not in the main format: negative SAVE values. This + improves support for Ireland, which uses Irish Standard Time + (IST, UTC+01) in summer and GMT (UTC) in winter. tzcode has + supported negative SAVE values for decades, and this feature + should move to the main format soon. However, it will not move + to the rearguard format for quite some time because some + downstream parsers do not support it. + + * The build procedure constructs three files vanguard.zi, main.zi, + and rearguard.zi, one for each format. Although the files + represent essentially the same data, they may have minor + discrepancies that users are not likely to notice. The files + are intended for downstream data consumers and are not + installed. Zoneinfo parsers that do not support negative SAVE values + should start using rearguard.zi, so that they will be unaffected + when the negative-DST feature moves from vanguard to main. + Bleeding-edge Zoneinfo parsers that support the new features + already can use vanguard.zi; in this respect, current tzcode is + bleeding-edge. + + The Makefile should now be safe for parallelized builds, and 'make + -j to2050new.tzs' is now much faster on a multiprocessor host + with GNU Make. + + When built with -DSUPPRESS_TZDIR, the tzcode library no longer + prepends TZDIR/ to file names that do not begin with '/'. This is + not recommended for general use, due to its security implications. + (From a suggestion by Manuela Friedrich.) + + Changes to code + + zic now accepts subsecond precision in expressions like + 00:19:32.13, which is approximately the legal time of the + Netherlands from 1835 to 1937. However, because it is + questionable whether the few recorded uses of non-integer offsets + had subsecond precision in practice, there are no plans for tzdata + to use this feature. (Thanks to Steve Allen for pointing out + the limitations of historical data in this area.) + + The code is a bit more portable to MS-Windows. Installers can + compile with -DRESERVE_STD_EXT_IDS on MS-Windows platforms that + reserve identifiers like 'localtime'. (Thanks to Manuela + Friedrich.) + + Changes to documentation and commentary + + theory.html now outlines tzdb's extensions to POSIX's model for + civil time, and has a section "POSIX features no longer needed" + that lists POSIX API components that are now vestigial. + (From suggestions by Steve Summit.) It also better distinguishes + time zones from tz regions. (From a suggestion by Guy Harris.) + + Commentary is now more consistent about using the phrase "daylight + saving time", to match the C name tm_isdst. Daylight saving time + need not occur in summer, and need not have a positive offset from + standard time. + + Commentary about historical transitions in Uruguay has been expanded + with links to many relevant legal documents. + (Thanks to Tim Parenti.) + + Commentary now uses some non-ASCII characters with Unicode value + less than U+0100, as they can be useful and should work even with + older editors such as XEmacs. + + +Release 2018c - 2018-01-22 23:00:44 -0800 + + Briefly: + Revert Irish changes that relied on negative SAVE values. + + Changes to tm_isdst + + Revert the 2018a change to Europe/Dublin. As before, this change + does not affect UT offsets or abbreviations; it affects only + whether timestamps are considered to be standard time or + daylight-saving time, as expressed in the tm_isdst flag of C's + struct tm type. This reversion is intended to be a temporary + workaround for problems discovered with downstream uses of + releases 2018a and 2018b, which implemented Irish time by using + negative SAVE values in the Eire rules of the 'europe' file. + Although negative SAVE values have been part of tzcode for many + years and are supported by many platforms, they were not + documented before 2018a and ICU and OpenJDK do not currently + support them. A mechanism to export data to platforms lacking + support for negative DST is planned to be developed before the + change is reapplied. (Problems reported by Deborah Goldsmith and + Stephen Colebourne.) + + Changes to past timestamps + + Japanese DST transitions (1948-1951) were Sundays at 00:00, not + Saturdays or Sundays at 02:00. (Thanks to Takayuki Nikai.) + + Changes to build procedure + + The build procedure now works around mawk 1.3.3's lack of support + for character class expressions. (Problem reported by Ohyama.) + + +Release 2018b - 2018-01-17 23:24:48 -0800 + + Briefly: + Fix a packaging problem in tz2018a, which was missing 'pacificnew'. + + Changes to build procedure + + The distribution now contains the file 'pacificnew' again. + This file was inadvertently omitted in the 2018a distribution. + (Problem reported by Matias Fonzo.) + + +Release 2018a - 2018-01-12 22:29:21 -0800 + + Briefly: + São Tomé and Príncipe switched from +00 to +01. + Brazil's DST will now start on November's first Sunday. + Ireland's standard time is now in the summer, not the winter. + Use Debian-style installation locations, instead of 4.3BSD-style. + New zic option -t. + + Changes to past and future timestamps + + São Tomé and Príncipe switched from +00 to +01 on 2018-01-01 at + 01:00. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen and Michael Deckers.) + + Changes to future timestamps + + Starting in 2018 southern Brazil will begin DST on November's + first Sunday instead of October's third Sunday. (Thanks to + Steffen Thorsen.) + + Changes to past timestamps + + A discrepancy of 4 s in timestamps before 1931 in South Sudan has + been corrected. The 'backzone' and 'zone.tab' files did not agree + with the 'africa' and 'zone1970.tab' files. (Problem reported by + Michael Deckers.) + + The abbreviation invented for Bolivia Summer Time (1931-2) is now + BST instead of BOST, to be more consistent with the convention + used for Latvian Summer Time (1918-9) and for British Summer Time. + + Changes to tm_isdst + + Change Europe/Dublin so that it observes Irish Standard Time (UT + +01) in summer and GMT (as negative daylight-saving) in winter, + instead of observing standard time (GMT) in winter and Irish + Summer Time (UT +01) in summer. This change does not affect UT + offsets or abbreviations; it affects only whether timestamps are + considered to be standard time or daylight-saving time, as + expressed in the tm_isdst flag of C's struct tm type. + (Discrepancy noted by Derick Rethans.) + + Changes to build procedure + + The default installation locations have been changed to mostly + match Debian circa 2017, instead of being designed as an add-on to + 4.3BSD circa 1986. This affects the Makefile macros TOPDIR, + TZDIR, MANDIR, and LIBDIR. New Makefile macros TZDEFAULT, USRDIR, + USRSHAREDIR, BINDIR, ZDUMPDIR, and ZICDIR let installers tailor + locations more precisely. (This responds to suggestions from + Brian Inglis and from Steve Summit.) + + The default installation procedure no longer creates the + backward-compatibility link US/Pacific-New, which causes + confusion during user setup (e.g., see Debian bug 815200). + Use 'make BACKWARD="backward pacificnew"' to create the link + anyway, for now. Eventually we plan to remove the link entirely. + + tzdata.zi now contains a version-number comment. + (Suggested by Tom Lane.) + + The Makefile now quotes values like BACKWARD more carefully when + passing them to the shell. (Problem reported by Zefram.) + + Builders no longer need to specify -DHAVE_SNPRINTF on platforms + that have snprintf and use pre-C99 compilers. (Problem reported + by Jon Skeet.) + + Changes to code + + zic has a new option -t FILE that specifies the location of the + file that determines local time when TZ is unset. The default for + this location can be configured via the new TZDEFAULT makefile + macro, which defaults to /etc/localtime. + + Diagnostics and commentary now distinguish UT from UTC more + carefully; see theory.html for more information about UT vs UTC. + + zic has been ported to GCC 8's -Wstringop-truncation option. + (Problem reported by Martin Sebor.) + + Changes to documentation and commentary + + The zic man page now documents the longstanding behavior that + times and years can be out of the usual range, with negative times + counting backwards from midnight and with year 0 preceding year 1. + (Problem reported by Michael Deckers.) + + The theory.html file now mentions the POSIX limit of six chars + per abbreviation, and lists alphabetic abbreviations used. + + The files tz-art.htm and tz-link.htm have been renamed to + tz-art.html and tz-link.html, respectively, for consistency with + other file names and to simplify web server configuration. + + +Release 2017c - 2017-10-20 14:49:34 -0700 + + Briefly: + Northern Cyprus switches from +03 to +02/+03 on 2017-10-29. + Fiji ends DST 2018-01-14, not 2018-01-21. + Namibia switches from +01/+02 to +02 on 2018-04-01. + Sudan switches from +03 to +02 on 2017-11-01. + Tonga likely switches from +13/+14 to +13 on 2017-11-05. + Turks & Caicos switches from -04 to -05/-04 on 2018-11-04. + A new file tzdata.zi now holds a small text copy of all data. + The zic input format has been regularized slightly. + + Changes to future timestamps + + Northern Cyprus has decided to resume EU rules starting + 2017-10-29, thus reinstituting winter time. + + Fiji ends DST 2018-01-14 instead of the 2018-01-21 previously + predicted. (Thanks to Dominic Fok.) Adjust future predictions + accordingly. + + Namibia will switch from +01 with DST to +02 all year on + 2017-09-03 at 02:00. This affects UT offsets starting 2018-04-01 + at 02:00. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Sudan will switch from +03 to +02 on 2017-11-01. (Thanks to Ahmed + Atyya and Yahia Abdalla.) South Sudan is not switching, so + Africa/Juba is no longer a link to Africa/Khartoum. + + Tonga has likely ended its experiment with DST, and will not + adjust its clocks on 2017-11-05. Although Tonga has not announced + whether it will continue to observe DST, the IATA is assuming that + it will not. (Thanks to David Wade.) + + Turks & Caicos will switch from -04 all year to -05 with US DST on + 2018-03-11 at 03:00. This affects UT offsets starting 2018-11-04 + at 02:00. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Changes to past timestamps + + Namibia switched from +02 to +01 on 1994-03-21, not 1994-04-03. + (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.) + + Detroit did not observe DST in 1967. + + Use railway time for Asia/Kolkata before 1941, by switching to + Madras local time (UT +052110) in 1870, then to IST (UT +0530) in + 1906. Also, treat 1941-2's +0630 as DST, like 1942-5. + + Europe/Dublin's 1946 and 1947 fallback transitions occurred at + 02:00 standard time, not 02:00 DST. (Thanks to Michael Deckers.) + + Pacific/Apia and Pacific/Pago_Pago switched from Antipodean to + American time in 1892, not 1879. (Thanks to Michael Deckers.) + + Adjust the 1867 transition in Alaska to better reflect the + historical record, by changing it to occur on 1867-10-18 at 15:30 + Sitka time rather than at the start of 1867-10-17 local time. + Although strictly speaking this is accurate only for Sitka, + the rest of Alaska's blanks need to be filled in somehow. + + Fix off-by-one errors in UT offsets for Adak and Nome before 1867. + (Thanks to Michael Deckers.) + + Add 7 s to the UT offset in Asia/Yangon before 1920. + + Changes to zone names + + Remove Canada/East-Saskatchewan from the 'backward' file, as it + exceeded the 14-character limit and was an unused misnomer anyway. + + Changes to build procedure + + To support applications that prefer to read time zone data in text + form, two zic input files tzdata.zi and leapseconds are now + installed by default. The commands 'zic tzdata.zi' and 'zic -L + leapseconds tzdata.zi' can reproduce the tzdata binary files + without and with leap seconds, respectively. To prevent these two + new files from being installed, use 'make TZDATA_TEXT=', and to + suppress leap seconds from the tzdata text installation, use 'make + TZDATA_TEXT=tzdata.zi'. + + 'make BACKWARD=' now suppresses backward-compatibility names + like 'US/Pacific' that are defined in the 'backward' and + 'pacificnew' files. + + 'make check' now works on systems that lack a UTF-8 locale, + or that lack the nsgmls program. Set UTF8_LOCALE to configure + the name of a UTF-8 locale, if you have one. + + Y2K runtime checks are no longer enabled by default. Add + -DDEPRECATE_TWO_DIGIT_YEARS to CFLAGS to enable them, instead of + adding -DNO_RUN_TIME_WARNINGS_ABOUT_YEAR_2000_PROBLEMS_THANK_YOU + to disable them. (New name suggested by Brian Inglis.) + + The build procedure for zdump now works on AIX 7.1. + (Problem reported by Kees Dekker.) + + Changes to code + + zic and the reference runtime now reject multiple leap seconds + within 28 days of each other, or leap seconds before the Epoch. + As a result, support for double leap seconds, which was + obsolescent and undocumented, has been removed. Double leap + seconds were an error in the C89 standard; they have never existed + in civil timekeeping. (Thanks to Robert Elz and Bradley White for + noticing glitches in the code that uncovered this problem.) + + zic now warns about use of the obsolescent and undocumented -y + option, and about use of the obsolescent TYPE field of Rule lines. + + zic now allows unambiguous abbreviations like "Sa" and "Su" for + weekdays; formerly it rejected them due to a bug. Conversely, zic + no longer considers non-prefixes to be abbreviations; for example, + it no longer accepts "lF" as an abbreviation for "lastFriday". + Also, zic warns about the undocumented usage with a "last-" + prefix, e.g., "last-Fri". + + Similarly, zic now accepts the unambiguous abbreviation "L" for + "Link" in ordinary context and for "Leap" in leap-second context. + Conversely, zic no longer accepts non-prefixes such as "La" as + abbreviations for words like "Leap". + + zic no longer accepts leap second lines in ordinary input, or + ordinary lines in leap second input. Formerly, zic sometimes + warned about this undocumented usage and handled it incorrectly. + + The new macro HAVE_TZNAME governs whether the tzname external + variable is exported, instead of USG_COMPAT. USG_COMPAT now + governs only the external variables "timezone" and "daylight". + This change is needed because the three variables are not in the + same category: although POSIX requires tzname, it specifies the + other two variables as optional. Also, USG_COMPAT is now 1 or 0: + if not defined, the code attempts to guess it from other macros. + + localtime.c and difftime.c no longer require stdio.h, and .c files + other than zic.c no longer require sys/wait.h. + + zdump.c no longer assumes snprintf. (Reported by Jonathan Leffler.) + + Calculation of time_t extrema works around a bug in GCC 4.8.4 + (Reported by Stan Shebs and Joseph Myers.) + + zic.c no longer mistranslates formats of line numbers in non-English + locales. (Problem reported by Benno Schulenberg.) + + Several minor changes have been made to the code to make it a + bit easier to port to MS-Windows and Solaris. (Thanks to Kees + Dekker for reporting the problems.) + + Changes to documentation and commentary + + The two new files 'theory.html' and 'calendars' contain the + contents of the removed file 'Theory'. The goal is to document + tzdb theory more accessibly. + + The zic man page now documents abbreviation rules. + + tz-link.htm now covers how to apply tzdata changes to clients. + (Thanks to Jorge Fábregas for the AIX link.) It also mentions MySQL. + + The leap-seconds.list URL has been updated to something that is + more reliable for tzdb. (Thanks to Tim Parenti and Brian Inglis.) + +Release 2017b - 2017-03-17 07:30:38 -0700 + + Briefly: Haiti has resumed DST. + + Changes to past and future timestamps + + Haiti resumed observance of DST in 2017. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Changes to past timestamps + + Liberia changed from -004430 to +00 on 1972-01-07, not 1972-05-01. + + Use "MMT" to abbreviate Liberia's time zone before 1972, as "-004430" + is one byte over the POSIX limit. (Problem reported by Derick Rethans.) + + Changes to code + + The reference localtime implementation now falls back on the + current US daylight-saving transition rules rather than the + 1987-2006 rules. This fallback occurs only when (1) the TZ + environment variable has a value like "AST4ADT" that asks + for daylight saving time but does not specify the rules, (2) there + is no file by that name, and (3) the TZDEFRULES file cannot be + loaded. (Thanks to Tom Lane.) + + +Release 2017a - 2017-02-28 00:05:36 -0800 + + Briefly: Southern Chile moves from -04/-03 to -03, and Mongolia + discontinues DST. + + Changes to future timestamps + + Mongolia no longer observes DST. (Thanks to Ganbold Tsagaankhuu.) + + Chile's Region of Magallanes moves from -04/-03 to -03 year-round. + Its clocks diverge from America/Santiago starting 2017-05-13 at + 23:00, hiving off a new zone America/Punta_Arenas. Although the + Chilean government says this change expires in May 2019, for now + assume it's permanent. (Thanks to Juan Correa and Deborah + Goldsmith.) This also affects Antarctica/Palmer. + + Changes to past timestamps + + Fix many entries for historical timestamps for Europe/Madrid + before 1979, to agree with tables compiled by Pere Planesas of the + National Astronomical Observatory of Spain. As a side effect, + this changes some timestamps for Africa/Ceuta before 1929, which + are probably guesswork anyway. (Thanks to Steve Allen and + Pierpaolo Bernardi for the heads-ups, and to Michael Deckers for + correcting the 1901 transition.) + + Ecuador observed DST from 1992-11-28 to 1993-02-05. + (Thanks to Alois Treindl.) + + Asia/Atyrau and Asia/Oral were at +03 (not +04) before 1930-06-21. + (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.) + + Changes to past and future time zone abbreviations + + Switch to numeric time zone abbreviations for South America, as + part of the ongoing project of removing invented abbreviations. + This avoids the need to invent an abbreviation for the new Chilean + new zone. Similarly, switch from invented to numeric time zone + abbreviations for Afghanistan, American Samoa, the Azores, + Bangladesh, Bhutan, the British Indian Ocean Territory, Brunei, + Cape Verde, Chatham Is, Christmas I, Cocos (Keeling) Is, Cook Is, + Dubai, East Timor, Eucla, Fiji, French Polynesia, Greenland, + Indochina, Iran, Iraq, Kiribati, Lord Howe, Macquarie, Malaysia, + the Maldives, Marshall Is, Mauritius, Micronesia, Mongolia, + Myanmar, Nauru, Nepal, New Caledonia, Niue, Norfolk I, Palau, + Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Pitcairn, Qatar, Réunion, St + Pierre & Miquelon, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Singapore, + Solomon Is, Tokelau, Tuvalu, Wake, Vanuatu, Wallis & Futuna, and + Xinjiang; for 20-minute daylight saving time in Ghana before 1943; + for half-hour daylight saving time in Belize before 1944 and in + the Dominican Republic before 1975; and for Canary Islands before + 1946, for Guinea-Bissau before 1975, for Iceland before 1969, for + Indian Summer Time before 1942, for Indonesia before around 1964, + for Kenya before 1960, for Liberia before 1973, for Madeira before + 1967, for Namibia before 1943, for the Netherlands in 1937-9, for + Pakistan before 1971, for Western Sahara before 1977, and for + Zaporozhye in 1880-1924. + + For Alaska time from 1900 through 1967, instead of "CAT" use the + abbreviation "AST", the abbreviation commonly used at the time + (Atlantic Standard Time had not been standardized yet). Use "AWT" + and "APT" instead of the invented abbreviations "CAWT" and "CAPT". + + Use "CST" and "CDT" instead of invented abbreviations for Macau + before 1999 and Taiwan before 1938, and use "JST" instead of the + invented abbreviation "JCST" for Japan and Korea before 1938. + + Change to database entry category + + Move the Pacific/Johnston link from 'australasia' to 'backward', + since Johnston is now uninhabited. + + Changes to code + + zic no longer mishandles some transitions in January 2038 when it + attempts to work around Qt bug 53071. This fixes a bug affecting + Pacific/Tongatapu that was introduced in zic 2016e. localtime.c + now contains a workaround, useful when loading a file generated by + a buggy zic. (Problem and localtime.c fix reported by Bradley + White.) + + zdump -i now outputs non-hour numeric time zone abbreviations + without a colon, e.g., "+0530" rather than "+05:30". This agrees + with zic %z and with common practice, and simplifies auditing of + zdump output. + + zdump is now buildable again with -DUSE_LTZ=0. + (Problem reported by Joseph Myers.) + + zdump.c now always includes private.h, to avoid code duplication + with private.h. (Problem reported by Kees Dekker.) + + localtime.c no longer mishandles early or late timestamps + when TZ is set to a POSIX-style string that specifies DST. + (Problem reported by Kees Dekker.) + + date and strftime now cause %z to generate "-0000" instead of + "+0000" when the UT offset is zero and the time zone abbreviation + begins with "-". + + Changes to documentation and commentary + + The 'Theory' file now better documents choice of historical time + zone abbreviations. (Problems reported by Michael Deckers.) + + tz-link.htm now covers leap smearing, which is popular in clouds. + + +Release 2016j - 2016-11-22 23:17:13 -0800 + + Briefly: Saratov, Russia moves from +03 to +04 on 2016-12-04. + + Changes to future timestamps + + Saratov, Russia switches from +03 to +04 on 2016-12-04 at 02:00. + This hives off a new zone Europe/Saratov from Europe/Volgograd. + (Thanks to Yuri Konotopov and Stepan Golosunov.) + + Changes to past timestamps + + The new zone Asia/Atyrau for Atyraū Region, Kazakhstan, is like + Asia/Aqtau except it switched from +05/+06 to +04/+05 in spring + 1999, not fall 1994. (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.) + + Changes to past time zone abbreviations + + Asia/Gaza and Asia/Hebron now use "EEST", not "EET", to denote + summer time before 1948. The old use of "EET" was a typo. + + Changes to code + + zic no longer mishandles file systems that lack hard links, fixing + bugs introduced in 2016g. (Problems reported by Tom Lane.) + Also, when the destination already contains symbolic links, zic + should now work better on systems where the 'link' system call + does not follow symbolic links. + + Changes to documentation and commentary + + tz-link.htm now documents the relationship between release version + numbers and development-repository commit tags. (Suggested by + Paul Koning.) + + The 'Theory' file now documents UT. + + iso3166.tab now accents "Curaçao", and commentary now mentions + the names "Cabo Verde" and "Czechia". (Thanks to Jiří Boháč.) + + +Release 2016i - 2016-11-01 23:19:52 -0700 + + Briefly: Cyprus split into two time zones on 2016-10-30, and Tonga + reintroduces DST on 2016-11-06. + + Changes to future timestamps + + Pacific/Tongatapu begins DST on 2016-11-06 at 02:00, ending on + 2017-01-15 at 03:00. Assume future observances in Tonga will be + from the first Sunday in November through the third Sunday in + January, like Fiji. (Thanks to Pulu ʻAnau.) Switch to numeric + time zone abbreviations for this zone. + + Changes to past and future timestamps + + Northern Cyprus is now +03 year round, causing a split in Cyprus + time zones starting 2016-10-30 at 04:00. This creates a zone + Asia/Famagusta. (Thanks to Even Scharning and Matt Johnson.) + + Antarctica/Casey switched from +08 to +11 on 2016-10-22. + (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Changes to past timestamps + + Several corrections were made for pre-1975 timestamps in Italy. + These affect Europe/Malta, Europe/Rome, Europe/San_Marino, and + Europe/Vatican. + + First, the 1893-11-01 00:00 transition in Italy used the new UT + offset (+01), not the old (+00:49:56). (Thanks to Michael + Deckers.) + + Second, rules for daylight saving in Italy were changed to agree + with Italy's National Institute of Metrological Research (INRiM) + except for 1944, as follows (thanks to Pierpaolo Bernardi, Brian + Inglis, and Michael Deckers): + + The 1916-06-03 transition was at 24:00, not 00:00. + + The 1916-10-01, 1919-10-05, and 1920-09-19 transitions were at + 00:00, not 01:00. + + The 1917-09-30 and 1918-10-06 transitions were at 24:00, not + 01:00. + + The 1944-09-17 transition was at 03:00, not 01:00. This + particular change is taken from Italian law as INRiM's table, + (which says 02:00) appears to have a typo here. Also, keep the + 1944-04-03 transition for Europe/Rome, as Rome was controlled by + Germany then. + + The 1967-1970 and 1972-1974 fallback transitions were at 01:00, + not 00:00. + + Changes to code + + The code should now be buildable on AmigaOS merely by setting the + appropriate Makefile variables. (From a patch by Carsten Larsen.) + + +Release 2016h - 2016-10-19 23:17:57 -0700 + + Changes to future timestamps + + Asia/Gaza and Asia/Hebron end DST on 2016-10-29 at 01:00, not + 2016-10-21 at 00:00. (Thanks to Sharef Mustafa.) Predict that + future fall transitions will be on the last Saturday of October + at 01:00, which is consistent with predicted spring transitions + on the last Saturday of March. (Thanks to Tim Parenti.) + + Changes to past timestamps + + In Turkey, transitions in 1986-1990 were at 01:00 standard time + not at 02:00, and the spring 1994 transition was on March 20, not + March 27. (Thanks to Kıvanç Yazan.) + + Changes to past and future time zone abbreviations + + Asia/Colombo now uses numeric time zone abbreviations like "+0530" + instead of alphabetic ones like "IST" and "LKT". Various + English-language sources use "IST", "LKT" and "SLST", with no + working consensus. (Usage of "SLST" mentioned by Sadika + Sumanapala.) + + Changes to code + + zic no longer mishandles relativizing file names when creating + symbolic links like /etc/localtime, when these symbolic links + are outside the usual directory hierarchy. This fixes a bug + introduced in 2016g. (Problem reported by Andreas Stieger.) + + Changes to build procedure + + New rules 'traditional_tarballs' and 'traditional_signatures' for + building just the traditional-format distribution. (Requested by + Deborah Goldsmith.) + + The file 'version' is now put into the tzdata tarball too. + (Requested by Howard Hinnant.) + + Changes to documentation and commentary + + The 'Theory' file now has a section on interface stability. + (Requested by Paul Koning.) It also mentions features like + tm_zone and localtime_rz that have long been supported by the + reference code. + + tz-link.htm has improved coverage of time zone boundaries suitable + for geolocation. (Thanks to heads-ups from Evan Siroky and Matt + Johnson.) + + The US commentary now mentions Allen and the "day of two noons". + + The Fiji commentary mentions the government's 2016-10-03 press + release. (Thanks to Raymond Kumar.) + + +Release 2016g - 2016-09-13 08:56:38 -0700 + + Changes to future timestamps + + Turkey switched from EET/EEST (+02/+03) to permanent +03, + effective 2016-09-07. (Thanks to Burak AYDIN.) Use "+03" rather + than an invented abbreviation for the new time. + + New leap second 2016-12-31 23:59:60 UTC as per IERS Bulletin C 52. + (Thanks to Tim Parenti.) + + Changes to past timestamps + + For America/Los_Angeles, spring-forward transition times have been + corrected from 02:00 to 02:01 in 1948, and from 02:00 to 01:00 in + 1950-1966. + + For zones using Soviet time on 1919-07-01, transitions to UT-based + time were at 00:00 UT, not at 02:00 local time. The affected + zones are Europe/Kirov, Europe/Moscow, Europe/Samara, and + Europe/Ulyanovsk. (Thanks to Alexander Belopolsky.) + + Changes to past and future time zone abbreviations + + The Factory zone now uses the time zone abbreviation -00 instead + of a long English-language string, as -00 is now the normal way to + represent an undefined time zone. + + Several zones in Antarctica and the former Soviet Union, along + with zones intended for ships at sea that cannot use POSIX TZ + strings, now use numeric time zone abbreviations instead of + invented or obsolete alphanumeric abbreviations. The affected + zones are Antarctica/Casey, Antarctica/Davis, + Antarctica/DumontDUrville, Antarctica/Mawson, Antarctica/Rothera, + Antarctica/Syowa, Antarctica/Troll, Antarctica/Vostok, + Asia/Anadyr, Asia/Ashgabat, Asia/Baku, Asia/Bishkek, Asia/Chita, + Asia/Dushanbe, Asia/Irkutsk, Asia/Kamchatka, Asia/Khandyga, + Asia/Krasnoyarsk, Asia/Magadan, Asia/Omsk, Asia/Sakhalin, + Asia/Samarkand, Asia/Srednekolymsk, Asia/Tashkent, Asia/Tbilisi, + Asia/Ust-Nera, Asia/Vladivostok, Asia/Yakutsk, Asia/Yekaterinburg, + Asia/Yerevan, Etc/GMT-14, Etc/GMT-13, Etc/GMT-12, Etc/GMT-11, + Etc/GMT-10, Etc/GMT-9, Etc/GMT-8, Etc/GMT-7, Etc/GMT-6, Etc/GMT-5, + Etc/GMT-4, Etc/GMT-3, Etc/GMT-2, Etc/GMT-1, Etc/GMT+1, Etc/GMT+2, + Etc/GMT+3, Etc/GMT+4, Etc/GMT+5, Etc/GMT+6, Etc/GMT+7, Etc/GMT+8, + Etc/GMT+9, Etc/GMT+10, Etc/GMT+11, Etc/GMT+12, Europe/Kaliningrad, + Europe/Minsk, Europe/Samara, Europe/Volgograd, and + Indian/Kerguelen. For Europe/Moscow the invented abbreviation MSM + was replaced by +05, whereas MSK and MSD were kept as they are not + our invention and are widely used. + + Changes to zone names + + Rename Asia/Rangoon to Asia/Yangon, with a backward compatibility link. + (Thanks to David Massoud.) + + Changes to code + + zic no longer generates binary files containing POSIX TZ-like + strings that disagree with the local time type after the last + explicit transition in the data. This fixes a bug with + Africa/Casablanca and Africa/El_Aaiun in some year-2037 timestamps + on the reference platform. (Thanks to Alexander Belopolsky for + reporting the bug and suggesting a way forward.) + + If the installed localtime and/or posixrules files are symbolic + links, zic now keeps them symbolic links when updating them, for + compatibility with platforms like OpenSUSE where other programs + configure these files as symlinks. + + zic now avoids hard linking to symbolic links, avoids some + unnecessary mkdir and stat system calls, and uses shorter file + names internally. + + zdump has a new -i option to generate transitions in a + smaller but still human-readable format. This option is + experimental, and the output format may change in future versions. + (Thanks to Jon Skeet for suggesting that an option was needed, + and thanks to Tim Parenti and Chris Rovick for further comments.) + + Changes to build procedure + + An experimental distribution format is available, in addition + to the traditional format which will continue to be distributed. + The new format is a tarball tzdb-VERSION.tar.lz with signature + file tzdb-VERSION.tar.lz.asc. It unpacks to a top-level directory + tzdb-VERSION containing the code and data of the traditional + two-tarball format, along with extra data that may be useful. + (Thanks to Antonio Diaz Diaz, Oscar van Vlijmen, and many others + for comments about the experimental format.) + + The release version number is now more accurate in the usual case + where releases are built from a Git repository. For example, if + 23 commits and some working-file changes have been made since + release 2016g, the version number is now something like + '2016g-23-g50556e3-dirty' instead of the misleading '2016g'. + Tagged releases use the same version number format as before, + e.g., '2016g'. To support the more accurate version number, its + specification has moved from a line in the Makefile to a new + source file 'version'. + + The experimental distribution contains a file to2050.tzs that + contains what should be the output of 'zdump -i -c 2050' on + primary zones. If this file is available, 'make check' now checks + that zdump generates this output. + + 'make check_web' now works on Fedora-like distributions. + + Changes to documentation and commentary + + tzfile.5 now documents the new restriction on POSIX TZ-like + strings that is now implemented by zic. + + Comments now cite URLs for some 1917-1921 Russian DST decrees. + (Thanks to Alexander Belopolsky.) + + tz-link.htm mentions JuliaTime (thanks to Curtis Vogt) and Time4J + (thanks to Meno Hochschild) and ThreeTen-Extra, and its + description of Java 8 has been brought up to date (thanks to + Stephen Colebourne). Its description of local time on Mars has + been updated to match current practice, and URLs have been updated + and some obsolete ones removed. + + +Release 2016f - 2016-07-05 16:26:51 +0200 + + Changes affecting future timestamps + + The Egyptian government changed its mind on short notice, and + Africa/Cairo will not introduce DST starting 2016-07-07 after all. + (Thanks to Mina Samuel.) + + Asia/Novosibirsk switches from +06 to +07 on 2016-07-24 at 02:00. + (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.) + + Changes to past and future timestamps + + Asia/Novokuznetsk and Asia/Novosibirsk now use numeric time zone + abbreviations instead of invented ones. + + Changes affecting past timestamps + + Europe/Minsk's 1992-03-29 spring-forward transition was at 02:00 not 00:00. + (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.) + + +Release 2016e - 2016-06-14 08:46:16 -0700 + + Changes affecting future timestamps + + Africa/Cairo observes DST in 2016 from July 7 to the end of October. + Guess October 27 and 24:00 transitions. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + For future years, guess April's last Thursday to October's last + Thursday except for Ramadan. + + Changes affecting past timestamps + + Locations while uninhabited now use '-00', not 'zzz', as a + placeholder time zone abbreviation. This is inspired by Internet + RFC 3339 and is more consistent with numeric time zone + abbreviations already used elsewhere. The change affects several + arctic and antarctic locations, e.g., America/Cambridge_Bay before + 1920 and Antarctica/Troll before 2005. + + Asia/Baku's 1992-09-27 transition from +04 (DST) to +04 (non-DST) was + at 03:00, not 23:00 the previous day. (Thanks to Michael Deckers.) + + Changes to code + + zic now outputs a dummy transition at time 2**31 - 1 in zones + whose POSIX-style TZ strings contain a '<'. This mostly works + around Qt bug 53071 <https://bugreports.qt.io/browse/QTBUG-53071>. + (Thanks to Zhanibek Adilbekov for reporting the Qt bug.) + + Changes affecting documentation and commentary + + tz-link.htm says why governments should give plenty of notice for + time zone or DST changes, and refers to Matt Johnson's blog post. + + tz-link.htm mentions Tzdata for Elixir. (Thanks to Matt Johnson.) + + +Release 2016d - 2016-04-17 22:50:29 -0700 + + Changes affecting future timestamps + + America/Caracas switches from -0430 to -04 on 2016-05-01 at 02:30. + (Thanks to Alexander Krivenyshev for the heads-up.) + + Asia/Magadan switches from +10 to +11 on 2016-04-24 at 02:00. + (Thanks to Alexander Krivenyshev and Matt Johnson.) + + New zone Asia/Tomsk, split off from Asia/Novosibirsk. It covers + Tomsk Oblast, Russia, which switches from +06 to +07 on 2016-05-29 + at 02:00. (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.) + + Changes affecting past timestamps + + New zone Europe/Kirov, split off from Europe/Volgograd. It covers + Kirov Oblast, Russia, which switched from +04/+05 to +03/+04 on + 1989-03-26 at 02:00, roughly a year after Europe/Volgograd made + the same change. (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.) + + Russia and nearby locations had daylight-saving transitions on + 1992-03-29 at 02:00 and 1992-09-27 at 03:00, instead of on + 1992-03-28 at 23:00 and 1992-09-26 at 23:00. (Thanks to Stepan + Golosunov.) + + Many corrections to historical time in Kazakhstan from 1991 + through 2005. (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.) Replace Kazakhstan's + invented time zone abbreviations with numeric abbreviations. + + Changes to commentary + + Mention Internet RFCs 7808 (TZDIST) and 7809 (CalDAV time zone references). + + +Release 2016c - 2016-03-23 00:51:27 -0700 + + Changes affecting future timestamps + + Azerbaijan no longer observes DST. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Chile reverts from permanent to seasonal DST. (Thanks to Juan + Correa for the heads-up, and to Tim Parenti for corrections.) + Guess that future transitions are August's and May's second + Saturdays at 24:00 mainland time. Also, call the period from + 2014-09-07 through 2016-05-14 daylight saving time instead of + standard time, as that seems more appropriate now. + + Changes affecting past timestamps + + Europe/Kaliningrad and Europe/Vilnius changed from +03/+04 to + +02/+03 on 1989-03-26, not 1991-03-31. Europe/Volgograd changed + from +04/+05 to +03/+04 on 1988-03-27, not 1989-03-26. + (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.) + + Changes to commentary + + Several updates and URLs for historical and proposed Russian changes. + (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov, Matt Johnson, and Alexander Krivenyshev.) + + +Release 2016b - 2016-03-12 17:30:14 -0800 + + Compatibility note + + Starting with release 2016b, some data entries cause zic implementations + derived from tz releases 2005j through 2015e to issue warnings like + "time zone abbreviation differs from POSIX standard (+03)". + These warnings should not otherwise affect zic's output and can safely be + ignored on today's platforms, as the warnings refer to a restriction in + POSIX.1-1988 that was removed in POSIX.1-2001. One way to suppress the + warnings is to upgrade to zic derived from tz releases 2015f and later. + + Changes affecting future timestamps + + New zones Europe/Astrakhan and Europe/Ulyanovsk for Astrakhan and + Ulyanovsk Oblasts, Russia, both of which will switch from +03 to +04 on + 2016-03-27 at 02:00 local time. They need distinct zones since their + post-1970 histories disagree. New zone Asia/Barnaul for Altai Krai and + Altai Republic, Russia, which will switch from +06 to +07 on the same date + and local time. The Astrakhan change is already official; the others have + passed the first reading in the State Duma and are extremely likely. + Also, Asia/Sakhalin moves from +10 to +11 on 2016-03-27 at 02:00. + (Thanks to Alexander Krivenyshev for the heads-up, and to Matt Johnson + and Stepan Golosunov for followup.) + + As a trial of a new system that needs less information to be made up, + the new zones use numeric time zone abbreviations like "+04" + instead of invented abbreviations like "ASTT". + + Haiti will not observe DST in 2016. (Thanks to Jean Antoine via + Steffen Thorsen.) + + Palestine's spring-forward transition on 2016-03-26 is at 01:00, not 00:00. + (Thanks to Hannah Kreitem.) Guess future transitions will be March's last + Saturday at 01:00, not March's last Friday at 24:00. + + Changes affecting past timestamps + + Europe/Chisinau observed DST during 1990, and switched from +04 to + +03 at 1990-05-06 02:00, instead of switching from +03 to +02. + (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.) + + 1991 abbreviations in Europe/Samara should be SAMT/SAMST, not + KUYT/KUYST. (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.) + + Changes to code + + tzselect's diagnostics and checking, and checktab.awk's checking, + have been improved. (Thanks to J William Piggott.) + + tzcode now builds under MinGW. (Thanks to Ian Abbott and Esben Haabendal.) + + tzselect now tests Julian-date TZ settings more accurately. + (Thanks to J William Piggott.) + + Changes to commentary + + Comments in zone tables have been improved. (Thanks to J William Piggott.) + + tzselect again limits its menu comments so that menus fit on a + 24×80 alphanumeric display. + + A new web page tz-how-to.html. (Thanks to Bill Seymour.) + + In the Theory file, the description of possible time zone abbreviations in + tzdata has been cleaned up, as the old description was unclear and + inconsistent. (Thanks to Alain Mouette for reporting the problem.) + + +Release 2016a - 2016-01-26 23:28:02 -0800 + + Changes affecting future timestamps + + America/Cayman will not observe daylight saving this year after all. + Revert our guess that it would. (Thanks to Matt Johnson.) + + Asia/Chita switches from +0800 to +0900 on 2016-03-27 at 02:00. + (Thanks to Alexander Krivenyshev.) + + Asia/Tehran now has DST predictions for the year 2038 and later, + to be March 21 00:00 to September 21 00:00. This is likely better + than predicting no DST, albeit off by a day every now and then. + + Changes affecting past and future timestamps + + America/Metlakatla switched from PST all year to AKST/AKDT on + 2015-11-01 at 02:00. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + America/Santa_Isabel has been removed, and replaced with a + backward compatibility link to America/Tijuana. Its contents were + apparently based on a misreading of Mexican legislation. + + Changes affecting past timestamps + + Asia/Karachi's two transition times in 2002 were off by a minute. + (Thanks to Matt Johnson.) + + Changes affecting build procedure + + An installer can now combine leap seconds with use of the backzone file, + e.g., with 'make PACKRATDATA=backzone REDO=posix_right zones'. + The old 'make posix_packrat' rule is now marked as obsolescent. + (Thanks to Ian Abbott for an initial implementation.) + + Changes affecting documentation and commentary + + A new file LICENSE makes it easier to see that the code and data + are mostly public-domain. (Thanks to James Knight.) The three + non-public-domain files now use the current (3-clause) BSD license + instead of older versions of that license. + + tz-link.htm mentions the BDE library (thanks to Andrew Paprocki), + CCTZ (thanks to Tim Parenti), TimeJones.com, and has a new section + on editing tz source files (with a mention of Sublime zoneinfo, + thanks to Gilmore Davidson). + + The Theory and asia files now mention the 2015 book "The Global + Transformation of Time, 1870-1950", and cite a couple of reviews. + + The America/Chicago entry now documents the informal use of US + central time in Fort Pierre, South Dakota. (Thanks to Rick + McDermid, Matt Johnson, and Steve Jones.) + + +Release 2015g - 2015-10-01 00:39:51 -0700 + + Changes affecting future timestamps + + Turkey's 2015 fall-back transition is scheduled for Nov. 8, not Oct. 25. + (Thanks to Fatih.) + + Norfolk moves from +1130 to +1100 on 2015-10-04 at 02:00 local time. + (Thanks to Alexander Krivenyshev.) + + Fiji's 2016 fall-back transition is scheduled for January 17, not 24. + (Thanks to Ken Rylander.) + + Fort Nelson, British Columbia will not fall back on 2015-11-01. It has + effectively been on MST (-0700) since it advanced its clocks on 2015-03-08. + New zone America/Fort_Nelson. (Thanks to Matt Johnson.) + + Changes affecting past timestamps + + Norfolk observed DST from 1974-10-27 02:00 to 1975-03-02 02:00. + + Changes affecting code + + localtime no longer mishandles America/Anchorage after 2037. + (Thanks to Bradley White for reporting the bug.) + + On hosts with signed 32-bit time_t, localtime no longer mishandles + Pacific/Fiji after 2038-01-16 14:00 UTC. + + The localtime module allows the variables 'timezone', 'daylight', + and 'altzone' to be in common storage shared with other modules, + and declares them in case the system <time.h> does not. + (Problems reported by Kees Dekker.) + + On platforms with tm_zone, strftime.c now assumes it is not NULL. + This simplifies the code and is consistent with zdump.c. + (Problem reported by Christos Zoulas.) + + Changes affecting documentation + + The tzfile man page now documents that transition times denote the + starts (not the ends) of the corresponding time periods. + (Ambiguity reported by Bill Seymour.) + + +Release 2015f - 2015-08-10 18:06:56 -0700 + + Changes affecting future timestamps + + North Korea switches to +0830 on 2015-08-15. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + The abbreviation remains "KST". (Thanks to Robert Elz.) + + Uruguay no longer observes DST. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen + and Pablo Camargo.) + + Changes affecting past and future timestamps + + Moldova starts and ends DST at 00:00 UTC, not at 01:00 UTC. + (Thanks to Roman Tudos.) + + Changes affecting data format and code + + zic's '-y YEARISTYPE' option is no longer documented. The TYPE + field of a Rule line should now be '-'; the old values 'even', + 'odd', 'uspres', 'nonpres', 'nonuspres' were already undocumented. + Although the implementation has not changed, these features do not + work in the default installation, they are not used in the data, + and they are now considered obsolescent. + + zic now checks that two rules don't take effect at the same time. + (Thanks to Jon Skeet and Arthur David Olson.) Constraints on + simultaneity are now documented. + + The two characters '%z' in a zone format now stand for the UT + offset, e.g., '-07' for seven hours behind UT and '+0530' for + five hours and thirty minutes ahead. This better supports time + zone abbreviations conforming to POSIX.1-2001 and later. + + Changes affecting installed data files + + Comments for America/Halifax and America/Glace_Bay have been improved. + (Thanks to Brian Inglis.) + + Data entries have been simplified for Atlantic/Canary, Europe/Simferopol, + Europe/Sofia, and Europe/Tallinn. This yields slightly smaller + installed data files for Europe/Simferopol and Europe/Tallinn. + It does not affect timestamps. (Thanks to Howard Hinnant.) + + Changes affecting code + + zdump and zic no longer warn about valid time zone abbreviations + like '-05'. + + Some Visual Studio 2013 warnings have been suppressed. + (Thanks to Kees Dekker.) + + 'date' no longer sets the time of day and its -a, -d, -n and -t + options have been removed. Long obsolescent, the implementation + of these features had porting problems. Builders no longer need + to configure HAVE_ADJTIME, HAVE_SETTIMEOFDAY, or HAVE_UTMPX_H. + (Thanks to Kees Dekker for pointing out the problem.) + + Changes affecting documentation + + The Theory file mentions naming issues earlier, as these seem to be + poorly publicized (thanks to Gilmore Davidson for reporting the problem). + + tz-link.htm mentions Time Zone Database Parser (thanks to Howard Hinnant). + + Mention that Herbert Samuel introduced the term "Summer Time". + + +Release 2015e - 2015-06-13 10:56:02 -0700 + + Changes affecting future timestamps + + Morocco will suspend DST from 2015-06-14 03:00 through 2015-07-19 02:00, + not 06-13 and 07-18 as we had guessed. (Thanks to Milamber.) + + Assume Cayman Islands will observe DST starting next year, using US rules. + Although it isn't guaranteed, it is the most likely. + + Changes affecting data format + + The file 'iso3166.tab' now uses UTF-8, so that its entries can better + spell the names of Åland Islands, Côte d'Ivoire, and Réunion. + + Changes affecting code + + When displaying data, tzselect converts it to the current locale's + encoding if the iconv command works. (Problem reported by random832.) + + tzselect no longer mishandles Dominica, fixing a bug introduced + in Release 2014f. (Problem reported by Owen Leibman.) + + zic -l no longer fails when compiled with -DTZDEFAULT=\"/etc/localtime\". + This fixes a bug introduced in Release 2014f. + (Problem reported by Leonardo Chiquitto.) + + +Release 2015d - 2015-04-24 08:09:46 -0700 + + Changes affecting future timestamps + + Egypt will not observe DST in 2015 and will consider canceling it + permanently. For now, assume no DST indefinitely. + (Thanks to Ahmed Nazmy and Tim Parenti.) + + Changes affecting past timestamps + + America/Whitehorse switched from UT -09 to -08 on 1967-05-28, not + 1966-07-01. Also, Yukon's time zone history is documented better. + (Thanks to Brian Inglis and Dennis Ferguson.) + + Change affecting past and future time zone abbreviations + + The abbreviations for Hawaii-Aleutian standard and daylight times + have been changed from HAST/HADT to HST/HDT, as per US Government + Printing Office style. This affects only America/Adak since 1983, + as America/Honolulu was already using the new style. + + Changes affecting code + + zic has some minor performance improvements. + + +Release 2015c - 2015-04-11 08:55:55 -0700 + + Changes affecting future timestamps + + Egypt's spring-forward transition is at 24:00 on April's last Thursday, + not 00:00 on April's last Friday. 2015's transition will therefore be on + Thursday, April 30 at 24:00, not Friday, April 24 at 00:00. Similar fixes + apply to 2026, 2037, 2043, etc. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Changes affecting past timestamps + + The following changes affect some pre-1991 Chile-related timestamps + in America/Santiago, Antarctica/Palmer, and Pacific/Easter. + + The 1910 transition was January 10, not January 1. + + The 1918 transition was September 10, not September 1. + + The UT -04 time observed from 1932 to 1942 is now considered to + be standard time, not year-round DST. + + Santiago observed DST (UT -03) from 1946-07-15 through + 1946-08-31, then reverted to standard time, then switched to -05 + on 1947-04-01. + + Assume transitions before 1968 were at 00:00, since we have no data + saying otherwise. + + The spring 1988 transition was 1988-10-09, not 1988-10-02. + The fall 1990 transition was 1990-03-11, not 1990-03-18. + + Assume no UT offset change for Pacific/Easter on 1890-01-01, + and omit all transitions on Pacific/Easter from 1942 through 1946 + since we have no data suggesting that they existed. + + One more zone has been turned into a link, as it differed + from an existing zone only for older timestamps. As usual, + this change affects UT offsets in pre-1970 timestamps only. + The zone's old contents have been moved to the 'backzone' file. + The affected zone is America/Montreal. + + Changes affecting commentary + + Mention the TZUpdater tool. + + Mention "The Time Now". (Thanks to Brandon Ramsey.) + + +Release 2015b - 2015-03-19 23:28:11 -0700 + + Changes affecting future timestamps + + Mongolia will start observing DST again this year, from the last + Saturday in March at 02:00 to the last Saturday in September at 00:00. + (Thanks to Ganbold Tsagaankhuu.) + + Palestine will start DST on March 28, not March 27. Also, + correct the fall 2014 transition from September 26 to October 24. + Adjust future predictions accordingly. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Changes affecting past timestamps + + The 1982 zone shift in Pacific/Easter has been corrected, fixing a 2015a + regression. (Thanks to Stuart Bishop for reporting the problem.) + + Some more zones have been turned into links, when they differed + from existing zones only for older timestamps. As usual, + these changes affect UT offsets in pre-1970 timestamps only. + Their old contents have been moved to the 'backzone' file. + The affected zones are: America/Antigua, America/Cayman, + Pacific/Midway, and Pacific/Saipan. + + Changes affecting time zone abbreviations + + Correct the 1992-2010 DST abbreviation in Volgograd from "MSK" to "MSD". + (Thanks to Hank W.) + + Changes affecting code + + Fix integer overflow bug in reference 'mktime' implementation. + (Problem reported by Jörg Richter.) + + Allow -Dtime_tz=time_t compilations, and allow -Dtime_tz=... libraries + to be used in the same executable as standard-library time_t functions. + (Problems reported by Bradley White.) + + Changes affecting commentary + + Cite the recent Mexican decree changing Quintana Roo's time zone. + (Thanks to Carlos Raúl Perasso.) + + Likewise for the recent Chilean decree. (Thanks to Eduardo Romero Urra.) + + Update info about Mars time. + + +Release 2015a - 2015-01-29 22:35:20 -0800 + + Changes affecting future timestamps + + The Mexican state of Quintana Roo, represented by America/Cancun, + will shift from Central Time with DST to Eastern Time without DST + on 2015-02-01 at 02:00. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen and Gwillim Law.) + + Chile will not change clocks in April or thereafter; its new standard time + will be its old daylight saving time. This affects America/Santiago, + Pacific/Easter, and Antarctica/Palmer. (Thanks to Juan Correa.) + + New leap second 2015-06-30 23:59:60 UTC as per IERS Bulletin C 49. + (Thanks to Tim Parenti.) + + Changes affecting past timestamps + + Iceland observed DST in 1919 and 1921, and its 1939 fallback + transition was Oct. 29, not Nov. 29. Remove incorrect data from + Shanks about time in Iceland between 1837 and 1908. + + Some more zones have been turned into links, when they differed + from existing zones only for older timestamps. As usual, + these changes affect UT offsets in pre-1970 timestamps only. + Their old contents have been moved to the 'backzone' file. + The affected zones are: Asia/Aden, Asia/Bahrain, Asia/Kuwait, + and Asia/Muscat. + + Changes affecting code + + tzalloc now scrubs time zone abbreviations compatibly with the way + that tzset always has, by replacing invalid bytes with '_' and by + shortening too-long abbreviations. + + tzselect ports to POSIX awk implementations, no longer mishandles + POSIX TZ settings when GNU awk is used, and reports POSIX TZ + settings to the user. (Thanks to Stefan Kuhn.) + + Changes affecting build procedure + + 'make check' now checks for links to links in the data. + One such link (for Africa/Asmera) has been fixed. + (Thanks to Stephen Colebourne for pointing out the problem.) + + Changes affecting commentary + + The leapseconds file commentary now mentions the expiration date. + (Problem reported by Martin Burnicki.) + + Update Mexican Library of Congress URL. + + +Release 2014j - 2014-11-10 17:37:11 -0800 + + Changes affecting current and future timestamps + + Turks & Caicos' switch from US eastern time to UT -04 year-round + did not occur on 2014-11-02 at 02:00. It's currently scheduled + for 2015-11-01 at 02:00. (Thanks to Chris Walton.) + + Changes affecting past timestamps + + Many pre-1989 timestamps have been corrected for Asia/Seoul and + Asia/Pyongyang, based on sources for the Korean-language Wikipedia + entry for time in Korea. (Thanks to Sanghyuk Jung.) Also, no + longer guess that Pyongyang mimicked Seoul time after World War II, + as this is politically implausible. + + Some more zones have been turned into links, when they differed + from existing zones only for older timestamps. As usual, + these changes affect UT offsets in pre-1970 timestamps only. + Their old contents have been moved to the 'backzone' file. + The affected zones are: Africa/Addis_Ababa, Africa/Asmara, + Africa/Dar_es_Salaam, Africa/Djibouti, Africa/Kampala, + Africa/Mogadishu, Indian/Antananarivo, Indian/Comoro, and + Indian/Mayotte. + + Changes affecting commentary + + The commentary is less enthusiastic about Shanks as a source, + and is more careful to distinguish UT from UTC. + + +Release 2014i - 2014-10-21 22:04:57 -0700 + + Changes affecting future timestamps + + Pacific/Fiji will observe DST from 2014-11-02 02:00 to 2015-01-18 03:00. + (Thanks to Ken Rylander for the heads-up.) Guess that future + years will use a similar pattern. + + A new Zone Pacific/Bougainville, for the part of Papua New Guinea + that plans to switch from UT +10 to +11 on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. + (Thanks to Kiley Walbom for the heads-up.) + + Changes affecting time zone abbreviations + + Since Belarus is not changing its clocks even though Moscow is, + the time zone abbreviation in Europe/Minsk is changing from FET + to its more traditional value MSK on 2014-10-26 at 01:00. + (Thanks to Alexander Bokovoy for the heads-up about Belarus.) + + The new abbreviation IDT stands for the pre-1976 use of UT +08 in + Indochina, to distinguish it better from ICT (+07). + + Changes affecting past timestamps + + Many timestamps have been corrected for Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh before 1976 + (thanks to Trần Ngọc Quân for an indirect pointer to Trần Tiến Bình's + authoritative book). Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh has been added to + zone1970.tab, to give tzselect users in Vietnam two choices, + since north and south Vietnam disagreed after our 1970 cutoff. + + Asia/Phnom_Penh and Asia/Vientiane have been turned into links, as + they differed from existing zones only for older timestamps. As + usual, these changes affect pre-1970 timestamps only. Their old + contents have been moved to the 'backzone' file. + + Changes affecting code + + The time-related library functions now set errno on failure, and + some crashes in the new tzalloc-related library functions have + been fixed. (Thanks to Christos Zoulas for reporting most of + these problems and for suggesting fixes.) + + If USG_COMPAT is defined and the requested timestamp is standard time, + the tz library's localtime and mktime functions now set the extern + variable timezone to a value appropriate for that timestamp; and + similarly for ALTZONE, daylight saving time, and the altzone variable. + This change is a companion to the tzname change in 2014h, and is + designed to make timezone and altzone more compatible with tzname. + + The tz library's functions now set errno to EOVERFLOW if they fail + because the result cannot be represented. ctime and ctime_r now + return NULL and set errno when a timestamp is out of range, rather + than having undefined behavior. + + Some bugs associated with the new 2014g functions have been fixed. + This includes a bug that largely incapacitated the new functions + time2posix_z and posix2time_z. (Thanks to Christos Zoulas.) + It also includes some uses of uninitialized variables after tzalloc. + The new code uses the standard type 'ssize_t', which the Makefile + now gives porting advice about. + + Changes affecting commentary + + Updated URLs for NRC Canada (thanks to Matt Johnson and Brian Inglis). + + +Release 2014h - 2014-09-25 18:59:03 -0700 + + Changes affecting past timestamps + + America/Jamaica's 1974 spring-forward transition was Jan. 6, not Apr. 28. + + Shanks says Asia/Novokuznetsk switched from LMT (not "NMT") on 1924-05-01, + not 1920-01-06. The old entry was based on a misinterpretation of Shanks. + + Some more zones have been turned into links, when they differed + from existing zones only for older timestamps. As usual, + these changes affect UT offsets in pre-1970 timestamps only. + Their old contents have been moved to the 'backzone' file. + The affected zones are: Africa/Blantyre, Africa/Bujumbura, + Africa/Gaborone, Africa/Harare, Africa/Kigali, Africa/Lubumbashi, + Africa/Lusaka, Africa/Maseru, and Africa/Mbabane. + + Changes affecting code + + zdump -V and -v now output gmtoff= values on all platforms, + not merely on platforms defining TM_GMTOFF. + + The tz library's localtime and mktime functions now set tzname to a value + appropriate for the requested timestamp, and zdump now uses this + on platforms not defining TM_ZONE, fixing a 2014g regression. + (Thanks to Tim Parenti for reporting the problem.) + + The tz library no longer sets tzname if localtime or mktime fails. + + zdump -c no longer mishandles transitions near year boundaries. + (Thanks to Tim Parenti for reporting the problem.) + + An access to uninitialized data has been fixed. + (Thanks to Jörg Richter for reporting the problem.) + + When THREAD_SAFE is defined, the code ports to the C11 memory model. + A memory leak has been fixed if ALL_STATE and THREAD_SAFE are defined + and two threads race to initialize data used by gmtime-like functions. + (Thanks to Andy Heninger for reporting the problems.) + + Changes affecting build procedure + + 'make check' now checks better for properly sorted data. + + Changes affecting documentation and commentary + + zdump's gmtoff=N output is now documented, and its isdst=D output + is now documented to possibly output D values other than 0 or 1. + + zdump -c's treatment of years is now documented to use the + Gregorian calendar and Universal Time without leap seconds, + and its behavior at cutoff boundaries is now documented better. + (Thanks to Arthur David Olson and Tim Parenti for reporting the problems.) + + Programs are now documented to use the proleptic Gregorian calendar. + (Thanks to Alan Barrett for the suggestion.) + + Fractional-second GMT offsets have been documented for civil time + in 19th-century Chennai, Jakarta, and New York. + + +Release 2014g - 2014-08-28 12:31:23 -0700 + + Changes affecting future timestamps + + Turks & Caicos is switching from US eastern time to UT -04 + year-round, modeled as a switch on 2014-11-02 at 02:00. + [As noted in 2014j, this switch was later delayed.] + + Changes affecting past timestamps + + Time in Russia or the USSR before 1926 or so has been corrected by + a few seconds in the following zones: Asia/Irkutsk, + Asia/Krasnoyarsk, Asia/Omsk, Asia/Samarkand, Asia/Tbilisi, + Asia/Vladivostok, Asia/Yakutsk, Europe/Riga, Europe/Samara. For + Asia/Yekaterinburg the correction is a few minutes. (Thanks to + Vladimir Karpinsky.) + + The Portuguese decree of 1911-05-26 took effect on 1912-01-01. + This affects 1911 timestamps in Africa/Bissau, Africa/Luanda, + Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira. Also, Lisbon's pre-1912 + GMT offset was -0:36:45 (rounded from -0:36:44.68), not -0:36:32. + (Thanks to Stephen Colebourne for pointing to the decree.) + + Asia/Dhaka ended DST on 2009-12-31 at 24:00, not 23:59. + + A new file 'backzone' contains data which may appeal to + connoisseurs of old timestamps, although it is out of scope for + the tz database, is often poorly sourced, and contains some data + that is known to be incorrect. The new file is not recommended + for ordinary use and its entries are not installed by default. + (Thanks to Lester Caine for the high-quality Jersey, Guernsey, and + Isle of Man entries.) + + Some more zones have been turned into links, when they differed + from existing zones only for older timestamps. As usual, + these changes affect UT offsets in pre-1970 timestamps only. + Their old contents have been moved to the 'backzone' file. + The affected zones are: Africa/Bangui, Africa/Brazzaville, + Africa/Douala, Africa/Kinshasa, Africa/Libreville, Africa/Luanda, + Africa/Malabo, Africa/Niamey, and Africa/Porto-Novo. + + Changes affecting code + + Unless NETBSD_INSPIRED is defined to 0, the tz library now + supplies functions for creating and using objects that represent + timezones. The new functions are tzalloc, tzfree, localtime_rz, + mktime_z, and (if STD_INSPIRED is also defined) posix2time_z and + time2posix_z. They are intended for performance: for example, + localtime_rz (unlike localtime_r) is trivially thread-safe without + locking. (Thanks to Christos Zoulas for proposing NetBSD-inspired + functions, and to Alan Barrett and Jonathan Lennox for helping to + debug the change.) + + zdump now builds with the tz library unless USE_LTZ is defined to 0, + This lets zdump use tz features even if the system library lacks them. + To build zdump with the system library, use 'make CFLAGS=-DUSE_LTZ=0 + TZDOBJS=zdump.o CHECK_TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES='. + + zdump now uses localtime_rz if available, as it's significantly faster, + and it can help zdump better diagnose invalid timezone names. + Define HAVE_LOCALTIME_RZ to 0 to suppress this. HAVE_LOCALTIME_RZ + defaults to 1 if NETBSD_INSPIRED && USE_LTZ. When localtime_rz is + not available, zdump now uses localtime_r and tzset if available, + as this is a bit cleaner and faster than plain localtime. Compile + with -DHAVE_LOCALTIME_R=0 and/or -DHAVE_TZSET=0 if your system + lacks these two functions. + + If THREAD_SAFE is defined to 1, the tz library is now thread-safe. + Although not needed for tz's own applications, which are single-threaded, + this supports POSIX better if the tz library is used in multithreaded apps. + + Some crashes have been fixed when zdump or the tz library is given + invalid or outlandish input. + + The tz library no longer mishandles leap seconds on platforms with + unsigned time_t in timezones that lack ordinary transitions after 1970. + + The tz code now attempts to infer TM_GMTOFF and TM_ZONE if not + already defined, to make it easier to configure on common platforms. + Define NO_TM_GMTOFF and NO_TM_ZONE to suppress this. + + Unless the new macro UNINIT_TRAP is defined to 1, the tz code now + assumes that reading uninitialized memory yields garbage values + but does not cause other problems such as traps. + + If TM_GMTOFF is defined and UNINIT_TRAP is 0, mktime is now + more likely to guess right for ambiguous timestamps near + transitions where tm_isdst does not change. + + If HAVE_STRFTIME_L is defined to 1, the tz library now defines + strftime_l for compatibility with recent versions of POSIX. + Only the C locale is supported, though. HAVE_STRFTIME_L defaults + to 1 on recent POSIX versions, and to 0 otherwise. + + tzselect -c now uses a hybrid distance measure that works better + in Africa. (Thanks to Alan Barrett for noting the problem.) + + The C source code now ports to NetBSD when GCC_DEBUG_FLAGS is used, + or when time_tz is defined. + + When HAVE_UTMPX_H is set the 'date' command now builds on systems + whose <utmpx.h> file does not define WTMPX_FILE, and when setting + the date it updates the wtmpx file if _PATH_WTMPX is defined. + This affects GNU/Linux and similar systems. + + For easier maintenance later, some C code has been simplified, + some lint has been removed, and the code has been tweaked so that + plain 'make' is more likely to work. + + The C type 'bool' is now used for boolean values, instead of 'int'. + + The long-obsolete LOCALE_HOME code has been removed. + + The long-obsolete 'gtime' function has been removed. + + Changes affecting build procedure + + 'zdump' no longer links in ialloc.o, as it's not needed. + + 'make check_time_t_alternatives' no longer assumes GNU diff. + + Changes affecting distribution tarballs + + The files checktab.awk and zoneinfo2tdf.pl are now distributed in + the tzdata tarball instead of the tzcode tarball, since they help + maintain the data. The NEWS and Theory files are now also + distributed in the tzdata tarball, as they're relevant for data. + (Thanks to Alan Barrett for pointing this out.) Also, the + leapseconds.awk file is no longer distributed in the tzcode + tarball, since it belongs in the tzdata tarball (where 2014f + inadvertently also distributed it). + + Changes affecting documentation and commentary + + A new file CONTRIBUTING is distributed. (Thanks to Tim Parenti for + suggesting a CONTRIBUTING file, and to Tony Finch and Walter Harms + for debugging it.) + + The man pages have been updated to use function prototypes, + to document thread-safe variants like localtime_r, and to document + the NetBSD-inspired functions tzalloc, tzfree, localtime_rz, and + mktime_z. + + The fields in Link lines have been renamed to be more descriptive + and more like the parameters of 'ln'. LINK-FROM has become TARGET, + and LINK-TO has become LINK-NAME. + + tz-link.htm mentions the IETF's tzdist working group; Windows + Runtime etc. (thanks to Matt Johnson); and HP-UX's tztab. + + Some broken URLs have been fixed in the commentary. (Thanks to + Lester Caine.) + + Commentary about Philippines DST has been updated, and commentary + on pre-1970 time in India has been added. + + +Release 2014f - 2014-08-05 17:42:36 -0700 + + Changes affecting future timestamps + + Russia will subtract an hour from most of its time zones on 2014-10-26 + at 02:00 local time. (Thanks to Alexander Krivenyshev.) + There are a few exceptions: Magadan Oblast (Asia/Magadan) and Zabaykalsky + Krai are subtracting two hours; conversely, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug + (Asia/Anadyr), Kamchatka Krai (Asia/Kamchatka), Kemerovo Oblast + (Asia/Novokuznetsk), and the Samara Oblast and the Udmurt Republic + (Europe/Samara) are not changing their clocks. The changed zones are + Europe/Kaliningrad, Europe/Moscow, Europe/Simferopol, Europe/Volgograd, + Asia/Yekaterinburg, Asia/Omsk, Asia/Novosibirsk, Asia/Krasnoyarsk, + Asia/Irkutsk, Asia/Yakutsk, Asia/Vladivostok, Asia/Khandyga, + Asia/Sakhalin, and Asia/Ust-Nera; Asia/Magadan will have two hours + subtracted; and Asia/Novokuznetsk's time zone abbreviation is affected, + but not its UTC offset. Two zones are added: Asia/Chita (split + from Asia/Yakutsk, and also with two hours subtracted) and + Asia/Srednekolymsk (split from Asia/Magadan, but with only one hour + subtracted). (Thanks to Tim Parenti for much of the above.) + + Changes affecting time zone abbreviations + + Australian eastern time zone abbreviations are now AEST/AEDT not EST, + and similarly for the other Australian zones. That is, for eastern + standard and daylight saving time the abbreviations are AEST and AEDT + instead of the former EST for both; similarly, ACST/ACDT, ACWST/ACWDT, + and AWST/AWDT are now used instead of the former CST, CWST, and WST. + This change does not affect UT offsets, only time zone abbreviations. + (Thanks to Rich Tibbett and many others.) + + Asia/Novokuznetsk shifts from NOVT to KRAT (remaining on UT +07) + effective 2014-10-26 at 02:00 local time. + + The time zone abbreviation for Xinjiang Time (observed in Ürümqi) + has been changed from URUT to XJT. (Thanks to Luther Ma.) + + Prefer MSK/MSD for Moscow time in Russia, even in other cities. + Similarly, prefer EET/EEST for eastern European time in Russia. + + Change time zone abbreviations in (western) Samoa to use "ST" and + "DT" suffixes, as this is more likely to match common practice. + Prefix "W" to (western) Samoa time when its standard-time offset + disagrees with that of American Samoa. + + America/Metlakatla now uses PST, not MeST, to abbreviate its time zone. + + Time zone abbreviations have been updated for Japan's two time + zones used 1896-1937. JWST now stands for Western Standard + Time, and JCST for Central Standard Time (formerly this was CJT). + These abbreviations are now used for time in Korea, Taiwan, + and Sakhalin while controlled by Japan. + + Changes affecting past timestamps + + China's five zones have been simplified to two, since the post-1970 + differences in the other three seem to have been imaginary. The + zones Asia/Harbin, Asia/Chongqing, and Asia/Kashgar have been + removed; backwards-compatibility links still work, albeit with + different behaviors for timestamps before May 1980. Asia/Urumqi's + 1980 transition to UT +08 has been removed, so that it is now at + +06 and not +08. (Thanks to Luther Ma and to Alois Treindl; + Treindl sent helpful translations of two papers by Guo Qingsheng.) + + Some zones have been turned into links, when they differed from existing + zones only for older UT offsets where data entries were likely invented. + These changes affect UT offsets in pre-1970 timestamps only. This is + similar to the change in release 2013e, except this time for western + Africa. The affected zones are: Africa/Bamako, Africa/Banjul, + Africa/Conakry, Africa/Dakar, Africa/Freetown, Africa/Lome, + Africa/Nouakchott, Africa/Ouagadougou, Africa/Sao_Tome, and + Atlantic/St_Helena. This also affects the backwards-compatibility + link Africa/Timbuktu. (Thanks to Alan Barrett, Stephen Colebourne, + Tim Parenti, and David Patte for reporting problems in earlier + versions of this change.) + + Asia/Shanghai's pre-standard-time UT offset has been changed from + 8:05:57 to 8:05:43, the location of Xujiahui Observatory. Its + transition to standard time has been changed from 1928 to 1901. + + Asia/Taipei switched to JWST on 1896-01-01, then to JST on 1937-10-01, + then to CST on 1945-09-21 at 01:00, and did not observe DST in 1945. + In 1946 it observed DST from 05-15 through 09-30; in 1947 + from 04-15 through 10-31; and in 1979 from 07-01 through 09-30. + (Thanks to Yu-Cheng Chuang.) + + Asia/Riyadh's transition to standard time is now 1947-03-14, not 1950. + + Europe/Helsinki's 1942 fall-back transition was 10-04 at 01:00, not + 10-03 at 00:00. (Thanks to Konstantin Hyppönen.) + + Pacific/Pago_Pago has been changed from UT -11:30 to -11 for the + period from 1911 to 1950. + + Pacific/Chatham has been changed to New Zealand standard time plus + 45 minutes for the period before 1957, reflecting a 1956 remark in + the New Zealand parliament. + + Europe/Budapest has several pre-1946 corrections: in 1918 the transition + out of DST was on 09-16, not 09-29; in 1919 it was on 11-24, not 09-15; in + 1945 it was on 11-01, not 11-03; in 1941 the transition to DST was 04-08 + not 04-06 at 02:00; and there was no DST in 1920. + + Africa/Accra is now assumed to have observed DST from 1920 through 1935. + + Time in Russia before 1927 or so has been corrected by a few seconds in + the following zones: Europe/Moscow, Asia/Irkutsk, Asia/Tbilisi, + Asia/Tashkent, Asia/Vladivostok, Asia/Yekaterinburg, Europe/Helsinki, and + Europe/Riga. Also, Moscow's location has been changed to its Kilometer 0 + point. (Thanks to Vladimir Karpinsky for the Moscow changes.) + + Changes affecting data format + + A new file 'zone1970.tab' supersedes 'zone.tab' in the installed data. + The new file's extended format allows multiple country codes per zone. + The older file is still installed but is deprecated; its format is + not changing and it will still be distributed for a while, but new + applications should use the new file. + + The new file format simplifies maintenance of obscure locations. + To test this, it adds coverage for the Crozet Islands and the + Scattered Islands. (Thanks to Tobias Conradi and Antoine Leca.) + + The file 'iso3166.tab' is planned to switch from ASCII to UTF-8. + It is still ASCII now, but commentary about the switch has been added. + The new file 'zone1970.tab' already uses UTF-8. + + Changes affecting code + + 'localtime', 'mktime', etc. now use much less stack space if ALL_STATE + is defined. (Thanks to Elliott Hughes for reporting the problem.) + + 'zic' no longer mishandles input when ignoring case in locales that + are not compatible with English, e.g., unibyte Turkish locales when + compiled with HAVE_GETTEXT. + + Error diagnostics of 'zic' and 'yearistype' have been reworded so that + they no longer use ASCII '-' as if it were a dash. + + 'zic' now rejects output file names that contain '.' or '..' components. + (Thanks to Tim Parenti for reporting the problem.) + + 'zic -v' now warns about output file names that do not follow + POSIX rules, or that contain a digit or '.'. (Thanks to Arthur + David Olson for starting the ball rolling on this.) + + Some lint has been removed when using GCC_DEBUG_FLAGS with GCC 4.9.0. + + Changes affecting build procedure + + 'zic' no longer links in localtime.o and asctime.o, as they're not needed. + (Thanks to John Cochran.) + + Changes affecting documentation and commentary + + The 'Theory' file documents legacy names, the longstanding + exceptions to the POSIX-inspired file name rules. + + The 'zic' documentation clarifies the role of time types when + interpreting dates. (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.) + + Documentation and commentary now prefer UTF-8 to US-ASCII, + allowing the use of proper accents in foreign words and names. + Code and data have not changed because of this. (Thanks to + Garrett Wollman, Ian Abbott, and Guy Harris for helping to debug + this.) + + Non-HTML documentation and commentary now use plain-text URLs instead of + HTML insertions, and are more consistent about bracketing URLs when they + are not already surrounded by white space. (Thanks to suggestions by + Steffen Nurpmeso.) + + There is new commentary about Xujiahui Observatory, the five time-zone + project in China from 1918 to 1949, timekeeping in Japanese-occupied + Shanghai, and Tibet Time in the 1950s. The sharp-eyed can spot the + warlord Jin Shuren in the data. + + Commentary about the coverage of each Russian zone has been standardized. + (Thanks to Tim Parenti.) + + There is new commentary about contemporary timekeeping in Ethiopia. + + Obsolete comments about a 2007 proposal for DST in Kuwait has been removed. + + There is new commentary about time in Poland in 1919. + + Proper credit has been given to DST inventor George Vernon Hudson. + + Commentary about time in Metlakatla, AK and Resolute, NU has been + improved, with a new source for the former. + + In zone.tab, Pacific/Easter no longer mentions Salas y Gómez, as it + is uninhabited. + + Commentary about permanent Antarctic bases has been updated. + + Several typos have been corrected. (Thanks to Tim Parenti for + contributing some of these fixes.) + + tz-link.htm now mentions the JavaScript libraries Moment Timezone, + TimezoneJS.Date, Walltime-js, and Timezone. (Thanks to a heads-up + from Matt Johnson.) Also, it mentions the Go 'latlong' package. + (Thanks to a heads-up from Dirkjan Ochtman.) + + The files usno1988, usno1989, usno1989a, usno1995, usno1997, and usno1998 + have been removed. These obsolescent US Naval Observatory entries were no + longer helpful for maintenance. (Thanks to Tim Parenti for the suggestion.) + + +Release 2014e - 2014-06-12 21:53:52 -0700 + + Changes affecting near-future timestamps + + Egypt's 2014 Ramadan-based transitions are June 26 and July 31 at 24:00. + (Thanks to Imed Chihi.) Guess that from 2015 on Egypt will temporarily + switch to standard time at 24:00 the last Thursday before Ramadan, and + back to DST at 00:00 the first Friday after Ramadan. + + Similarly, Morocco's are June 28 at 03:00 and August 2 at 02:00. (Thanks + to Milamber Space Network.) Guess that from 2015 on Morocco will + temporarily switch to standard time at 03:00 the last Saturday before + Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Saturday after Ramadan. + + Changes affecting past timestamps + + The abbreviation "MSM" (Moscow Midsummer Time) is now used instead of + "MSD" for Moscow's double daylight time in summer 1921. Also, a typo + "VLASST" has been repaired to be "VLAST" for Vladivostok summer time + in 1991. (Thanks to Hank W. for reporting the problems.) + + Changes affecting commentary + + tz-link.htm now cites RFC 7265 for jCal, mentions PTP and the + draft CalDAV extension, updates URLs for TSP, TZInfo, IATA, and + removes stale pointers to World Time Explorer and WORLDTIME. + + +Release 2014d - 2014-05-27 21:34:40 -0700 + + Changes affecting code + + zic no longer generates files containing timestamps before the Big Bang. + This works around GNOME glib bug 878 + <https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/glib/issues/878> + (Thanks to Leonardo Chiquitto for reporting the bug, and to + Arthur David Olson and James Cloos for suggesting improvements to the fix.) + + Changes affecting documentation + + tz-link.htm now mentions GNOME. + + +Release 2014c - 2014-05-13 07:44:13 -0700 + + Changes affecting near-future timestamps + + Egypt observes DST starting 2014-05-15 at 24:00. + (Thanks to Ahmad El-Dardiry and Gunther Vermier.) + Details have not been announced, except that DST will not be observed + during Ramadan. Guess that DST will stop during the same Ramadan dates as + Morocco, and that Egypt's future spring and fall transitions will be the + same as 2010 when it last observed DST, namely April's last Friday at + 00:00 to September's last Thursday at 23:00 standard time. Also, guess + that Ramadan transitions will be at 00:00 standard time. + + Changes affecting code + + zic now generates transitions for minimum time values, eliminating guesswork + when handling low-valued timestamps. (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.) + + Port to Cygwin sans glibc. (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.) + + Changes affecting commentary and documentation + + Remove now-confusing comment about Jordan. (Thanks to Oleksii Nochovnyi.) + + +Release 2014b - 2014-03-24 21:28:50 -0700 + + Changes affecting near-future timestamps + + Crimea switches to Moscow time on 2014-03-30 at 02:00 local time. + (Thanks to Alexander Krivenyshev.) Move its zone.tab entry from UA to RU. + + New entry for Troll station, Antarctica. (Thanks to Paul-Inge Flakstad and + Bengt-Inge Larsson.) This is currently an approximation; a better version + will require the zic and localtime fixes mentioned below, and the plan is + to wait for a while until at least the zic fixes propagate. + + Changes affecting code + + 'zic' and 'localtime' no longer reject locations needing four transitions + per year for the foreseeable future. (Thanks to Andrew Main (Zefram).) + Also, 'zic' avoids some unlikely failures due to integer overflow. + + Changes affecting build procedure + + 'make check' now detects Rule lines defined but never used. + The NZAQ rules, an instance of this problem, have been removed. + + Changes affecting commentary and documentation + + Fix Tuesday/Thursday typo in description of time in Israel. + (Thanks to Bert Katz via Pavel Kharitonov and Mike Frysinger.) + + Microsoft Windows 8.1 doesn't support tz database names. (Thanks + to Donald MacQueen.) Instead, the Microsoft Windows Store app + library supports them. + + Add comments about Johnston Island time in the 1960s. + (Thanks to Lyle McElhaney.) + + Morocco's 2014 DST start will be as predicted. + (Thanks to Sebastien Willemijns.) + + +Release 2014a - 2014-03-07 23:30:29 -0800 + + Changes affecting near-future timestamps + + Turkey begins DST on 2014-03-31, not 03-30. (Thanks to Faruk Pasin for + the heads-up, and to Tim Parenti for simplifying the update.) + + Changes affecting past timestamps + + Fiji ended DST on 2014-01-19 at 02:00, not the previously scheduled 03:00. + (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Ukraine switched from Moscow to Eastern European time on 1990-07-01 + (not 1992-01-01), and observed DST during the entire next winter. + (Thanks to Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl.) + + In 1988 Israel observed DST from 04-10 to 09-04, not 04-09 to 09-03. + (Thanks to Avigdor Finkelstein.) + + Changes affecting code + + A uninitialized-storage bug in 'localtime' has been fixed. + (Thanks to Logan Chien.) + + Changes affecting the build procedure + + The settings for 'make check_web' now default to Ubuntu 13.10. + + Changes affecting commentary and documentation + + The boundary of the US Pacific time zone is given more accurately. + (Thanks to Alan Mintz.) + + Chile's 2014 DST will be as predicted. (Thanks to José Miguel Garrido.) + + Paraguay's 2014 DST will be as predicted. (Thanks to Carlos Raúl Perasso.) + + Better descriptions of countries with same time zone history as + Trinidad and Tobago since 1970. (Thanks to Alan Barrett for suggestion.) + + Several changes affect tz-link.htm, the main web page. + + Mention Time.is (thanks to Even Scharning) and WX-now (thanks to + David Braverman). + + Mention xCal (Internet RFC 6321) and jCal. + + Microsoft has some support for tz database names. + + CLDR data formats include both XML and JSON. + + Mention Maggiolo's map of solar vs standard time. + (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.) + + Mention TZ4Net. (Thanks to Matt Johnson.) + + Mention the timezone-olson Haskell package. + + Mention zeitverschiebung.net. (Thanks to Martin Jäger.) + + Remove moribund links to daylight-savings-time.info and to + Simple Timer + Clocks. + + Update two links. (Thanks to Oscar van Vlijmen.) + + Fix some formatting glitches, e.g., remove random newlines from + abbr elements' title attributes. + + +Release 2013i - 2013-12-17 07:25:23 -0800 + + Changes affecting near-future timestamps: + + Jordan switches back to standard time at 00:00 on December 20, 2013. + The 2006-2011 transition schedule is planned to resume in 2014. + (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Changes affecting past timestamps: + + In 2004, Cuba began DST on March 28, not April 4. + (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Changes affecting code + + The compile-time flag NOSOLAR has been removed, as nowadays the + benefit of slightly shrinking runtime table size is outweighed by the + cost of disallowing potential future updates that exceed old limits. + + Changes affecting documentation and commentary + + The files solar87, solar88, and solar89 are no longer distributed. + They were a negative experiment - that is, a demonstration that + tz data can represent solar time only with some difficulty and error. + Their presence in the distribution caused confusion, as Riyadh + civil time was generally not solar time in those years. + + tz-link.htm now mentions Noda Time. (Thanks to Matt Johnson.) + + +Release 2013h - 2013-10-25 15:32:32 -0700 + + Changes affecting current and future timestamps: + + Libya has switched its UT offset back to +02 without DST, instead + of +01 with DST. (Thanks to Even Scharning.) + + Western Sahara (Africa/El_Aaiun) uses Morocco's DST rules. + (Thanks to Gwillim Law.) + + Changes affecting future timestamps: + + Acre and (we guess) western Amazonas will switch from UT -04 to -05 + on 2013-11-10. This affects America/Rio_Branco and America/Eirunepe. + (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Add entries for DST transitions in Morocco in the year 2038. + This avoids some year-2038 glitches introduced in 2013g. + (Thanks to Yoshito Umaoka for reporting the problem.) + + Changes affecting API + + The 'tzselect' command no longer requires the 'select' command, + and should now work with /bin/sh on more platforms. It also works + around a bug in BusyBox awk before version 1.21.0. (Thanks to + Patrick 'P. J.' McDermott and Alan Barrett.) + + Changes affecting code + + Fix localtime overflow bugs with 32-bit unsigned time_t. + + zdump no longer assumes sscanf returns maximal values on overflow. + + Changes affecting the build procedure + + The builder can specify which programs to use, if any, instead of + 'ar' and 'ranlib', and libtz.a is now built locally before being + installed. (Thanks to Michael Forney.) + + A dependency typo in the 'zdump' rule has been fixed. + (Thanks to Andrew Paprocki.) + + The Makefile has been simplified by assuming that 'mkdir -p' and 'cp -f' + work as specified by POSIX.2-1992 or later; this is portable nowadays. + + 'make clean' no longer removes 'leapseconds', since it's + host-independent and is part of the distribution. + + The unused makefile macros TZCSRCS, TZDSRCS, DATESRCS have been removed. + + Changes affecting documentation and commentary + + tz-link.htm now mentions TC TIMEZONE's draft time zone service protocol + (thanks to Mike Douglass) and TimezoneJS.Date (thanks to Jim Fehrle). + + Update URLs in tz-link page. Add URLs for Microsoft Windows, since + 8.1 introduces tz support. Remove URLs for Tru64 and UnixWare (no + longer maintained) and for old advisories. SOFA now does C. + +Release 2013g - 2013-09-30 21:08:26 -0700 + + Changes affecting current and near-future timestamps + + Morocco now observes DST from the last Sunday in March to the last + Sunday in October, not April to September respectively. (Thanks + to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Changes affecting 'zic' + + 'zic' now runs on platforms that lack both hard links and symlinks. + (Thanks to Theo Veenker for reporting the problem, for MinGW.) + Also, fix some bugs on platforms that lack hard links but have symlinks. + + 'zic -v' again warns that Asia/Tehran has no POSIX environment variable + to predict the far future, fixing a bug introduced in 2013e. + + Changes affecting the build procedure + + The 'leapseconds' file is again put into the tzdata tarball. + Also, 'leapseconds.awk', so tzdata is self-contained. (Thanks to + Matt Burgess and Ian Abbott.) The timestamps of these and other + dependent files in tarballs are adjusted more consistently. + + Changes affecting documentation and commentary + + The README file is now part of the data tarball as well as the code. + It now states that files are public domain unless otherwise specified. + (Thanks to Andrew Main (Zefram) for asking for clarifications.) + Its details about the 1989 release moved to a place of honor near + the end of NEWS. + + +Release 2013f - 2013-09-24 23:37:36 -0700 + + Changes affecting near-future timestamps + + Tocantins will very likely not observe DST starting this spring. + (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Jordan will likely stay at UT +03 indefinitely, and will not fall + back this fall. + + Palestine will fall back at 00:00, not 01:00. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Changes affecting API + + The types of the global variables 'timezone' and 'altzone' (if present) + have been changed back to 'long'. This is required for 'timezone' + by POSIX, and for 'altzone' by common practice, e.g., Solaris 11. + These variables were originally 'long' in the tz code, but were + mistakenly changed to 'time_t' in 1987; nobody reported the + incompatibility until now. The difference matters on x32, where + 'long' is 32 bits and 'time_t' is 64. (Thanks to Elliott Hughes.) + + Changes affecting the build procedure + + Avoid long strings in leapseconds.awk to work around a mawk bug. + (Thanks to Cyril Baurand.) + + Changes affecting documentation and commentary + + New file 'NEWS' that contains release notes like this one. + + Paraguay's law does not specify DST transition time; 00:00 is customary. + (Thanks to Waldemar Villamayor-Venialbo.) + + Minor capitalization fixes. + + Changes affecting version-control only + + The experimental GitHub repository now contains annotated and + signed tags for recent releases, e.g., '2013e' for Release 2013e. + Releases are tagged starting with 2012e; earlier releases were + done differently, and tags would either not have a simple name or + not exactly match what was released. + + 'make set-timestamps' is now simpler and a bit more portable. + + +Release 2013e - 2013-09-19 23:50:04 -0700 + + Changes affecting near-future timestamps + + This year Fiji will start DST on October 27, not October 20. + (Thanks to David Wheeler for the heads-up.) For now, guess that + Fiji will continue to spring forward the Sunday before the fourth + Monday in October. + + Changes affecting current and future time zone abbreviations + + Use WIB/WITA/WIT rather than WIT/CIT/EIT for alphabetic Indonesian + time zone abbreviations since 1932. (Thanks to George Ziegler, + Priyadi Iman Nurcahyo, Zakaria, Jason Grimes, Martin Pitt, and + Benny Lin.) This affects Asia/Dili, Asia/Jakarta, Asia/Jayapura, + Asia/Makassar, and Asia/Pontianak. + + Use ART (UT -03, standard time), rather than WARST (also -03, but + daylight saving time) for San Luis, Argentina since 2009. + + Changes affecting Godthåb timestamps after 2037 if version mismatch + + Allow POSIX-like TZ strings where the transition time's hour can + range from -167 through 167, instead of the POSIX-required 0 + through 24. E.g., TZ='FJT-12FJST,M10.3.1/146,M1.3.4/75' for the + new Fiji rules. This is a more compact way to represent + far-future timestamps for America/Godthab, America/Santiago, + Antarctica/Palmer, Asia/Gaza, Asia/Hebron, Asia/Jerusalem, + Pacific/Easter, and Pacific/Fiji. Other zones are unaffected by + this change. (Derived from a suggestion by Arthur David Olson.) + + Allow POSIX-like TZ strings where daylight saving time is in + effect all year. E.g., TZ='WART4WARST,J1/0,J365/25' for Western + Argentina Summer Time all year. This supports a more compact way + to represent the 2013d data for America/Argentina/San_Luis. + Because of the change for San Luis noted above this change does not + affect the current data. (Thanks to Andrew Main (Zefram) for + suggestions that improved this change.) + + Where these two TZ changes take effect, there is a minor extension + to the tz file format in that it allows new values for the + embedded TZ-format string, and the tz file format version number + has therefore been increased from 2 to 3 as a precaution. + Version-2-based client code should continue to work as before for + all timestamps before 2038. Existing version-2-based client code + (tzcode, GNU/Linux, Solaris) has been tested on version-3-format + files, and typically works in practice even for timestamps after + 2037; the only known exception is America/Godthab. + + Changes affecting timestamps before 1970 + + Pacific/Johnston is now a link to Pacific/Honolulu. This corrects + some errors before 1947. + + Some zones have been turned into links, when they differ from existing + zones only in older data entries that were likely invented or that + differ only in LMT or transitions from LMT. These changes affect + only timestamps before 1943. The affected zones are: + Africa/Juba, America/Anguilla, America/Aruba, America/Dominica, + America/Grenada, America/Guadeloupe, America/Marigot, + America/Montserrat, America/St_Barthelemy, America/St_Kitts, + America/St_Lucia, America/St_Thomas, America/St_Vincent, + America/Tortola, and Europe/Vaduz. (Thanks to Alois Treindl for + confirming that the old Europe/Vaduz zone was wrong and the new + link is better for WWII-era times.) + + Change Kingston Mean Time from -5:07:12 to -5:07:11. This affects + America/Cayman, America/Jamaica and America/Grand_Turk timestamps + from 1890 to 1912. + + Change the UT offset of Bern Mean Time from 0:29:44 to 0:29:46. + This affects Europe/Zurich timestamps from 1853 to 1894. (Thanks + to Alois Treindl.) + + Change the date of the circa-1850 Zurich transition from 1849-09-12 + to 1853-07-16, overriding Shanks with data from Messerli about + postal and telegraph time in Switzerland. + + Changes affecting time zone abbreviations before 1970 + + For Asia/Jakarta, use BMT (not JMT) for mean time from 1923 to 1932, + as Jakarta was called Batavia back then. + + Changes affecting API + + The 'zic' command now outputs a dummy transition when far-future + data can't be summarized using a TZ string, and uses a 402-year + window rather than a 400-year window. For the current data, this + affects only the Asia/Tehran file. It does not affect any of the + timestamps that this file represents, so zdump outputs the same + information as before. (Thanks to Andrew Main (Zefram).) + + The 'date' command has a new '-r' option, which lets you specify + the integer time to display, a la FreeBSD. + + The 'tzselect' command has two new options '-c' and '-n', which lets you + select a zone based on latitude and longitude. + + The 'zic' command's '-v' option now warns about constructs that + require the new version-3 binary file format. (Thanks to Arthur + David Olson for the suggestion.) + + Support for floating-point time_t has been removed. + It was always dicey, and POSIX no longer requires it. + (Thanks to Eric Blake for suggesting to the POSIX committee to + remove it, and thanks to Alan Barrett, Clive D.W. Feather, Andy + Heninger, Arthur David Olson, and Alois Treindl, for reporting + bugs and elucidating some of the corners of the old floating-point + implementation.) + + The signatures of 'offtime', 'timeoff', and 'gtime' have been + changed back to the old practice of using 'long' to represent UT + offsets. This had been inadvertently and mistakenly changed to + 'int_fast32_t'. (Thanks to Christos Zoulas.) + + The code avoids undefined behavior on integer overflow in some + more places, including gmtime, localtime, mktime and zdump. + + Changes affecting the zdump utility + + zdump now outputs "UT" when referring to Universal Time, not "UTC". + "UTC" does not make sense for timestamps that predate the introduction + of UTC, whereas "UT", a more generic term, does. (Thanks to Steve Allen + for clarifying UT vs UTC.) + + Data changes affecting behavior of tzselect and similar programs + + Country code BQ is now called the more common name "Caribbean Netherlands" + rather than the more official "Bonaire, St Eustatius & Saba". + + Remove from zone.tab the names America/Montreal, America/Shiprock, + and Antarctica/South_Pole, as they are equivalent to existing + same-country-code zones for post-1970 timestamps. The data entries for + these names are unchanged, so the names continue to work as before. + + Changes affecting code internals + + zic -c now runs way faster on 64-bit hosts when given large numbers. + + zic now uses vfprintf to avoid allocating and freeing some memory. + + tzselect now computes the list of continents from the data, + rather than have it hard-coded. + + Minor changes pacify GCC 4.7.3 and GCC 4.8.1. + + Changes affecting the build procedure + + The 'leapseconds' file is now generated automatically from a + new file 'leap-seconds.list', which is a copy of + <ftp://ftp.nist.gov/pub/time/leap-seconds.list> + A new source file 'leapseconds.awk' implements this. + The goal is simplification of the future maintenance of 'leapseconds'. + + When building the 'posix' or 'right' subdirectories, if the + subdirectory would be a copy of the default subdirectory, it is + now made a symbolic link if that is supported. This saves about + 2 MB of file system space. + + The links America/Shiprock and Antarctica/South_Pole have been + moved to the 'backward' file. This affects only nondefault builds + that omit 'backward'. + + Changes affecting version-control only + + .gitignore now ignores 'date'. + + Changes affecting documentation and commentary + + Changes to the 'tzfile' man page + + It now mentions that the binary file format may be extended in + future versions by appending data. + + It now refers to the 'zdump' and 'zic' man pages. + + Changes to the 'zic' man page + + It lists conditions that elicit a warning with '-v'. + + It says that the behavior is unspecified when duplicate names + are given, or if the source of one link is the target of another. + + Its examples are updated to match the latest data. + + The definition of white space has been clarified slightly. + (Thanks to Michael Deckers.) + + Changes to the 'Theory' file + + There is a new section about the accuracy of the tz database, + describing the many ways that errors can creep in, and + explaining why so many of the pre-1970 timestamps are wrong or + misleading (thanks to Steve Allen, Lester Caine, and Garrett + Wollman for discussions that contributed to this). + + The 'Theory' file describes LMT better (this follows a + suggestion by Guy Harris). + + It refers to the 2013 edition of POSIX rather than the 2004 edition. + + It's mentioned that excluding 'backward' should not affect the + other data, and it suggests at least one zone.tab name per + inhabited country (thanks to Stephen Colebourne). + + Some longstanding restrictions on names are documented, e.g., + 'America/New_York' precludes 'America/New_York/Bronx'. + + It gives more reasons for the 1970 cutoff. + + It now mentions which time_t variants are supported, such as + signed integer time_t. (Thanks to Paul Goyette for reporting + typos in an experimental version of this change.) + + (Thanks to Philip Newton for correcting typos in these changes.) + + Documentation and commentary is more careful to distinguish UT in + general from UTC in particular. (Thanks to Steve Allen.) + + Add a better source for the Zurich 1894 transition. + (Thanks to Pierre-Yves Berger.) + + Update shapefile citations in tz-link.htm. (Thanks to Guy Harris.) + + +Release 2013d - 2013-07-05 07:38:01 -0700 + + Changes affecting future timestamps: + + Morocco's midsummer transitions this year are July 7 and August 10, + not July 9 and August 8. (Thanks to Andrew Paprocki.) + + Israel now falls back on the last Sunday of October. + (Thanks to Ephraim Silverberg.) + + Changes affecting past timestamps: + + Specify Jerusalem's location more precisely; this changes the pre-1880 + times by 2 s. + + Changing affecting metadata only: + + Fix typos in the entries for country codes BQ and SX. + + Changes affecting code: + + Rework the code to fix a bug with handling Australia/Macquarie on + 32-bit hosts (thanks to Arthur David Olson). + + Port to platforms like NetBSD, where time_t can be wider than long. + + Add support for testing time_t types other than the system's. + Run 'make check_time_t_alternatives' to try this out. + Currently, the tests fail for unsigned time_t; + this should get fixed at some point. + + Changes affecting documentation and commentary: + + Deemphasize the significance of national borders. + + Update the zdump man page. + + Remove obsolete NOID comment (thanks to Denis Excoffier). + + Update several URLs and comments in the web pages. + + Spelling fixes (thanks to Kevin Lyda and Jonathan Leffler). + + Update URL for CLDR Zone->Tzid table (thanks to Yoshito Umaoka). + + +Release 2013c - 2013-04-19 16:17:40 -0700 + + Changes affecting current and future timestamps: + + Palestine observed DST starting March 29, 2013. (Thanks to + Steffen Thorsen.) From 2013 on, Gaza and Hebron both observe DST, + with the predicted rules being the last Thursday in March at 24:00 + to the first Friday on or after September 21 at 01:00. + + Assume that the recent change to Paraguay's DST rules is permanent, + by moving the end of DST to the 4th Sunday in March every year. + (Thanks to Carlos Raúl Perasso.) + + Changes affecting past timestamps: + + Fix some historical data for Palestine to agree with that of + timeanddate.com, as follows: + + The spring 2008 change in Gaza and Hebron was on 00:00 Mar 28, not + 00:00 Apr 1. + + The fall 2009 change in Gaza and Hebron on Sep 4 was at 01:00, not + 02:00. + + The spring 2010 change in Hebron was 00:00 Mar 26, not 00:01 Mar 27. + + The spring 2011 change in Gaza was 00:01 Apr 1, not 12:01 Apr 2. + + The spring 2011 change in Hebron on Apr 1 was at 00:01, not 12:01. + + The fall 2011 change in Hebron on Sep 30 was at 00:00, not 03:00. + + Fix times of habitation for Macquarie to agree with the Tasmania + Parks & Wildlife Service history, which indicates that permanent + habitation was 1899-1919 and 1948 on. + + Changing affecting metadata only: + + Macquarie Island is politically part of Australia, not Antarctica. + (Thanks to Tobias Conradi.) + + Sort Macquarie more consistently with other parts of Australia. + (Thanks to Tim Parenti.) + + +Release 2013b - 2013-03-10 22:33:40 -0700 + + Changes affecting current and future timestamps: + + Haiti uses US daylight-saving rules this year, and presumably future years. + This changes timestamps starting today. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Paraguay will end DST on March 24 this year. + (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) For now, assume it's just this year. + + Morocco does not observe DST during Ramadan; + try to predict Ramadan in Morocco as best we can. + (Thanks to Erik Homoet for the heads-up.) + + Changes affecting commentary: + + Update URLs in tz-link page. Add URLs for webOS, BB10, iOS. + Update URL for Solaris. Mention Internet RFC 6557. + Update Internet RFCs 2445->5545, 2822->5322. + Switch from FTP to HTTP for Internet RFCs. + + +Release 2013a - 2013-02-27 09:20:35 -0800 + + Change affecting binary data format: + + The zone offset at the end of version-2-format zone files is now + allowed to be 24:00, as per POSIX.1-2008. (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.) + + Changes affecting current and future timestamps: + + Chile's 2013 rules, and we guess rules for 2014 and later, will be + the same as 2012, namely Apr Sun>=23 03:00 UTC to Sep Sun>=2 04:00 UTC. + (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen and Robert Elz.) + + New Zones Asia/Khandyga, Asia/Ust-Nera, Europe/Busingen. + (Thanks to Tobias Conradi and Arthur David Olson.) + + Many changes affect historical timestamps before 1940. + These were deduced from: Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 + Feb;13(2):173-94 <https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. + + Changes affecting the code: + + Fix zic bug that mishandled Egypt's 2010 changes (this also affected + the data). (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.) + + Fix localtime bug when time_t is unsigned and data files were generated + by a signed time_t system. (Thanks to Doug Bailey for reporting and + to Arthur David Olson for fixing.) + + Allow the email address for bug reports to be set by the packager. + The default is tz@iana.org, as before. (Thanks to Joseph S. Myers.) + + Update HTML checking to be compatible with Ubuntu 12.10. + + Check that files are a safe subset of ASCII. At some point we may + relax this requirement to a safe subset of UTF-8. Without the + check, some non-UTF-8 encodings were leaking into the distribution. + + Commentary changes: + + Restore a comment about copyright notices that was inadvertently deleted. + (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.) + + Improve the commentary about which districts observe what times + in Russia. (Thanks to Oscar van Vlijmen and Arthur David Olson.) + + Add web page links to tz.js. + + Add "Run by the Monkeys" to tz-art. (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.) + + +Release 2012j - 2012-11-12 18:34:49 -0800 + + Libya moved to CET this weekend, but with DST planned next year. + (Thanks to Even Scharning, Steffen Thorsen, and Tim Parenti.) + + Signatures now have the extension .asc, not .sign, as that's more + standard. (Thanks to Phil Pennock.) + + The output of 'zdump --version', and of 'zic --version', now + uses a format that is more typical for --version. + (Thanks to Joseph S. Myers.) + + The output of 'tzselect --help', 'zdump --help', and 'zic --help' + now uses tz@iana.org rather than the old elsie address. + + zic -v now complains about abbreviations that are less than 3 + or more than 6 characters, as per POSIX. Formerly, it checked + for abbreviations that were more than 3. + + 'make public' no longer puts its temporary directory under /tmp, + and uses the just-built zic rather than the system zic. + + Various fixes to documentation and commentary. + + +Release 2012i - 2012-11-03 12:57:09 -0700 + + Cuba switches from DST tomorrow at 01:00. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Linker flags can now be specified via LDFLAGS. + AWK now defaults to 'awk', not 'nawk'. + The shell in tzselect now defaults to /bin/bash, but this can + be overridden by specifying KSHELL. + The main web page now mentions the unofficial GitHub repository. + (Thanks to Mike Frysinger.) + + Tarball signatures can now be built by running 'make signatures'. + There are also new makefile rules 'tarballs', 'check_public', and + separate makefile rules for each tarball and signature file. + A few makefile rules are now more portable to strict POSIX. + + The main web page now lists the canonical IANA URL. + + +Release 2012h - 2012-10-26 22:49:10 -0700 + + Bahia no longer has DST. (Thanks to Kelley Cook.) + + Tocantins has DST. (Thanks to Rodrigo Severo.) + + Israel has new DST rules next year. (Thanks to Ephraim Silverberg.) + + Jordan stays on DST this winter. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Web page updates. + + More C modernization, except that at Arthur David Olson's suggestion + the instances of 'register' were kept. + + +Release 2012g - 2012-10-17 20:59:45 -0700 + + Samoa fall 2012 and later. (Thanks to Nicholas Pereira and Robert Elz.) + + Palestine fall 2012. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Assume C89. + + To attack the version-number problem, this release ships the file + 'Makefile' (which contains the release number) in both the tzcode and + the tzdata tarballs. The two Makefiles are identical, and should be + identical in any matching pair of tarballs, so it shouldn't matter + which order you extract the tarballs. Perhaps we can come up with a + better version-number scheme at some point; this scheme does have the + virtue of not adding more files. + + +Release 2012f - 2012-09-12 23:17:03 -0700 + + * australasia (Pacific/Fiji): Fiji DST is October 21 through January + 20 this year. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + +Release 2012e - 2012-08-02 20:44:55 -0700 + + * australasia (Pacific/Fakaofo): Tokelau is UT +13, not +14. + (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + * Use a single version number for both code and data. + + * .gitignore: New file. + + * Remove trailing white space. + + +Release code2012c-data2012d - 2012-07-19 16:35:33 -0700 + + Changes for Morocco's timestamps, which take effect in a couple of + hours, along with infrastructure changes to accommodate how the tz + code and data are released on IANA. + + +Release data2012c - 2012-03-27 12:17:25 -0400 + + africa + Summer time changes for Morocco (to start late April 2012) + + asia + Changes for 2012 for Gaza & the West Bank (Hebron) and Syria + + northamerica + Haiti following US/Canada rules for 2012 (and we're assuming, + for now anyway, for the future). + + +Release 2012b - 2012-03-02 12:29:15 +0700 + + There is just one change to tzcode2012b (compared with 2012a): + the Makefile that was accidentally included with 2012a has been + replaced with the version that should have been there, which is + identical with the previous version (from tzcode2011i). + + There are just two changes in tzdata2012b compared with 2012a. + + Most significantly, summer time in Cuba has been delayed 3 weeks + (now starts April 1 rather than March 11). Since Mar 11 (the old start + date, as listed in 2012a) is just a little over a week away, this + change is urgent. + + Less importantly, an excess tab in one of the changes in zone.tab + in 2012a has been removed. + + +Release 2012a - 2012-03-01 18:28:10 +0700 + + The changes in tzcode2012a (compared to the previous version, 2011i) + are entirely to the README and tz-art.htm and tz-link.htm files, if + none of those concern you, you can ignore the code update. The changes + reflect the changed addresses for the mailing list and the code and + data distribution points & methods (and a link to DateTime::TimeZone::Tzfile + has been added to tz-link.htm). + + In tzdata2012a (compared to the previous release, which was 2011n) + the major changes are: + Chile 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 summer time date adjustments. + Falkland Islands onto permanent summer time (we're assuming for the + foreseeable future, though 2012 is all we're fairly certain of.) + Armenia has abolished Summer Time. + Tokelau jumped the International Date Line back last December + (just the same as their near neighbour, Samoa). + America/Creston is a new zone for a small area of British Columbia + There will be a leapsecond 2012-06-30 23:59:60 UTC. + + Other minor changes are: + Corrections to 1918 Canadian summer time end dates. + Updated URL for UK time zone history (in comments) + A few typos in Le Corre's list of free French place names (comments) + + +Release data2011n - 2011-10-30 14:57:54 +0700 + + There are three changes of note - most urgently, Cuba (America/Havana) + has extended summer time by two weeks, now to end on Nov 13, rather than + the (already past) Oct 30. Second, the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic + (Europe/Tiraspol) decided not to split from the rest of Moldova after + all, and consequently that zone has been removed (again) and reinstated + in the "backward" file as a link to Europe/Chisinau. And third, the + end date for Fiji's summer time this summer was moved forward from the + earlier planned Feb 26, to Jan 22. + + Apart from that, Moldova (MD) returns to a single entry in zone.tab + (and the incorrect syntax that was in the 2011m version of that file + is so fixed - it would have been fixed in a different way had this + change not happened - that's the "missing" sccs version id). + + +Release data2011m - 2011-10-24 21:42:16 +0700 + + In particular, the typos in comments in the data (2011-11-17 should have + been 2011-10-17 as Alan Barrett noted, and spelling of Tiraspol that + Tim Parenti noted) have been fixed, and the change for Ukraine has been + made in all 4 Ukrainian zones, rather than just Europe/Kiev + (again, thanks to Tim Parenti, and also Denys Gavrysh). + + In addition, I added Europe/Tiraspol to zone.tab. + + This time, all the files have new version numbers... (including the files + otherwise unchanged in 2011m that were changed in 2011l but didn't get new + version numbers there...) + + +Release data2011l - 2011-10-10 11:15:43 +0700 + + There are just 2 changes that cause different generated tzdata files from + zic, to Asia/Hebron and Pacific/Fiji - the possible change for Bahia, Brazil + is included, but commented out. Compared with the diff I sent out last week, + this version also includes attributions for the sources for the changes + (in much the same format as ado used, but the html tags have not been + checked, verified, or used in any way at all, so if there are errors there, + please let me know.) + + +Release data2011k - 2011-09-20 17:54:03 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release data2011j - 2011-09-12 09:22:49 -0400 + + (contemporary changes for Samoa; past changes for Kenya, Uganda, and + Tanzania); there are also two spelling corrections to comments in + the australasia file (with thanks to Christos Zoulas). + + +Release 2011i - 2011-08-29 05:56:32 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release data2011h - 2011-06-15 18:41:48 -0400 + + Russia and Curaçao changes + + +Release 2011g - 2011-04-25 09:07:22 -0400 + + update the rules for Egypt to reflect its abandonment of DST this year + + +Release 2011f - 2011-04-06 17:14:53 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 2011e - 2011-03-31 16:04:38 -0400 + + Morocco, Chile, and tz-link changes + + +Release 2011d - 2011-03-14 09:18:01 -0400 + + changes that impact present-day timestamps in Cuba, Samoa, and Turkey + + +Release 2011c - 2011-03-07 09:30:09 -0500 + + These do affect current timestamps in Chile and Annette Island, Canada. + + +Release 2011b - 2011-02-07 08:44:50 -0500 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 2011a - 2011-01-24 10:30:16 -0500 + + [not summarized] + + +Release data2010o - 2010-11-01 09:18:23 -0400 + + change to the end of DST in Fiji in 2011 + + +Release 2010n - 2010-10-25 08:19:17 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 2010m - 2010-09-27 09:24:48 -0400 + + Hong Kong, Vostok, and zic.c changes + + +Release 2010l - 2010-08-16 06:57:25 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 2010k - 2010-07-26 10:42:27 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 2010j - 2010-05-10 09:07:48 -0400 + + changes for Bahía de Banderas and for version naming + + +Release data2010i - 2010-04-16 18:50:45 -0400 + + the end of DST in Morocco on 2010-08-08 + + +Release data2010h - 2010-04-05 09:58:56 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release data2010g - 2010-03-24 11:14:53 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 2010f - 2010-03-22 09:45:46 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release data2010e - 2010-03-08 14:24:27 -0500 + + corrects the Dhaka bug found by Danvin Ruangchan + + +Release data2010d - 2010-03-06 07:26:01 -0500 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 2010c - 2010-03-01 09:20:58 -0500 + + changes including KRE's suggestion for earlier initialization of + "goahead" and "goback" structure elements + + +Release code2010a - 2010-02-16 10:40:04 -0500 + + [not summarized] + + +Release data2010b - 2010-01-20 12:37:01 -0500 + + Mexico changes + + +Release data2010a - 2010-01-18 08:30:04 -0500 + + changes to Dhaka + + +Release data2009u - 2009-12-26 08:32:28 -0500 + + changes to DST in Bangladesh + + +Release 2009t - 2009-12-21 13:24:27 -0500 + + [not summarized] + + +Release data2009s - 2009-11-14 10:26:32 -0500 + + (cosmetic) Antarctica change and the DST-in-Fiji-in-2009-and-2010 change + + +Release 2009r - 2009-11-09 10:10:31 -0500 + + "antarctica" and "tz-link.htm" changes + + +Release 2009q - 2009-11-02 09:12:40 -0500 + + with two corrections as reported by Eric Muller and Philip Newton + + +Release data2009p - 2009-10-23 15:05:27 -0400 + + Argentina (including San Luis) changes (with the correction from + Mariano Absatz) + + +Release data2009o - 2009-10-14 16:49:38 -0400 + + Samoa (commentary only), Pakistan, and Bangladesh changes + + +Release data2009n - 2009-09-22 15:13:38 -0400 + + added commentary for Argentina and a change to the end of DST in + 2009 in Pakistan + + +Release data2009m - 2009-09-03 10:23:43 -0400 + + Samoa and Palestine changes + + +Release data2009l - 2009-08-14 09:13:07 -0400 + + Samoa (comments only) and Egypt + + +Release 2009k - 2009-07-20 09:46:08 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release data2009j - 2009-06-15 06:43:59 -0400 + + Bangladesh change (with a short turnaround since the DST change is + impending) + + +Release 2009i - 2009-06-08 09:21:22 -0400 + + updating for DST in Bangladesh this year + + +Release 2009h - 2009-05-26 09:19:14 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release data2009g - 2009-04-20 16:34:07 -0400 + + Cairo + + +Release data2009f - 2009-04-10 11:00:52 -0400 + + correct DST in Pakistan + + +Release 2009e - 2009-04-06 09:08:11 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 2009d - 2009-03-23 09:38:12 -0400 + + Morocco, Tunisia, Argentina, and American Astronomical Society changes + + +Release data2009c - 2009-03-16 09:47:51 -0400 + + change to the start of Cuban DST + + +Release 2009b - 2009-02-09 11:15:22 -0500 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 2009a - 2009-01-21 10:09:39 -0500 + + [not summarized] + + +Release data2008i - 2008-10-21 12:10:25 -0400 + + southamerica and zone.tab files, with Argentina DST rule changes and + United States zone reordering and recommenting + + +Release 2008h - 2008-10-13 07:33:56 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 2008g - 2008-10-06 09:03:18 -0400 + + Fix a broken HTML anchor and update Brazil's DST transitions; + there's also a slight reordering of information in tz-art.htm. + + +Release data2008f - 2008-09-09 22:33:26 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 2008e - 2008-07-28 14:11:17 -0400 + + changes by Arthur David Olson and Jesper Nørgaard Welen + + +Release data2008d - 2008-07-07 09:51:38 -0400 + + changes by Arthur David Olson, Paul Eggert, and Rodrigo Severo + + +Release data2008c - 2008-05-19 17:48:03 -0400 + + Pakistan, Morocco, and Mongolia + + +Release data2008b - 2008-03-24 08:30:59 -0400 + + including renaming Asia/Calcutta to Asia/Kolkata, with a backward + link provided + + +Release 2008a - 2008-03-08 05:42:16 -0500 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 2007k - 2007-12-31 10:25:22 -0500 + + most importantly, changes to the "southamerica" file based on + Argentina's readoption of daylight saving time + + +Release 2007j - 2007-12-03 09:51:01 -0500 + + 1. eliminate the "P" (parameter) macro; + + 2. the "noncontroversial" changes circulated on the time zone + mailing list (less the changes to "logwtmp.c"); + + 3. eliminate "too many transition" errors when "min" is used in time + zone rules; + + 4. changes by Paul Eggert (including updated information for Venezuela). + + +Release data2007i - 2007-10-30 10:28:11 -0400 + + changes for Cuba and Syria + + +Release 2007h - 2007-10-01 10:05:51 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert, as well as an updated link to the ICU + project in tz-link.htm + + +Release 2007g - 2007-08-20 10:47:59 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + The "leapseconds" file has been updated to incorporate the most + recent International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service + (IERS) bulletin. + + There's an addition to tz-art.htm regarding the television show "Medium". + + +Release 2007f - 2007-05-07 10:46:46 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert (including Haiti, Turks and Caicos, and New + Zealand) + + changes to zic.c to allow hour values greater than 24 (along with + Paul's improved time value overflow checking) + + +Release 2007e - 2007-04-02 10:11:52 -0400 + + Syria and Honduras changes by Paul Eggert + + zic.c variable renaming changes by Arthur David Olson + + +Release 2007d - 2007-03-20 08:48:30 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + the elimination of white space at the ends of lines + + +Release 2007c - 2007-02-26 09:09:37 -0500 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + +Release 2007b - 2007-02-12 09:34:20 -0500 + + Paul Eggert's proposed change to the quotation handling logic in zic.c. + + changes to the commentary in "leapseconds" reflecting the IERS + announcement that there is to be no positive leap second at the end + of June 2007. + + +Release 2007a - 2007-01-08 12:28:29 -0500 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + Derick Rethans's Asmara change + + Oscar van Vlijmen's Easter Island local mean time change + + symbolic link changes + + +Release 2006p - 2006-11-27 08:54:27 -0500 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + +Release 2006o - 2006-11-06 09:18:07 -0500 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + +Release 2006n - 2006-10-10 11:32:06 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + +Release 2006m - 2006-10-02 15:32:35 -0400 + + changes for Uruguay, Palestine, and Egypt by Paul Eggert + + (minimalist) changes to zic.8 to clarify "until" information + + +Release data2006l - 2006-09-18 12:58:11 -0400 + + Paul's best-effort work on this coming weekend's Egypt time change + + +Release 2006k - 2006-08-28 12:19:09 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + +Release 2006j - 2006-08-21 09:56:32 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + +Release code2006i - 2006-08-07 12:30:55 -0400 + + localtime.c fixes + + Ken Pizzini's conversion script + + +Release code2006h - 2006-07-24 09:19:37 -0400 + + adds public domain notices to four files + + includes a fix for transition times being off by a second + + adds a new recording to the "arts" file (information courtesy Colin Bowern) + + +Release 2006g - 2006-05-08 17:18:09 -0400 + + northamerica changes by Paul Eggert + + +Release 2006f - 2006-05-01 11:46:00 -0400 + + a missing version number problem is fixed (with thanks to Bradley + White for catching the problem) + + +Release 2006d - 2006-04-17 14:33:43 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + added new items to tz-arts.htm that were found by Paul + + +Release 2006c - 2006-04-03 10:09:32 -0400 + + two sets of data changes by Paul Eggert + + a fencepost error fix in zic.c + + changes to zic.c and the "europe" file to minimize differences + between output produced by the old 32-bit zic and the new 64-bit + version + + +Release 2006b - 2006-02-20 10:08:18 -0500 + [tz32code2006b + tz64code2006b + tzdata2006b] + + 64-bit code + + All SCCS IDs were bumped to "8.1" for this release. + + +Release 2006a - 2006-01-30 08:59:31 -0500 + + changes by Paul Eggert (in particular, Indiana time zone moves) + + an addition to the zic manual page to describe how special-case + transitions are handled + + +Release 2005r - 2005-12-27 09:27:13 -0500 + + Canadian changes by Paul Eggert + + They also add "<pre>" directives to time zone data files and reflect + changes to warning message logic in "zdump.c" (but with calls to + "gettext" kept unbundled at the suggestion of Ken Pizzini). + + +Release 2005q - 2005-12-13 09:17:09 -0500 + + Nothing earth-shaking here: + 1. Electronic mail addresses have been removed. + 2. Casts of the return value of exit have been removed. + 3. Casts of the argument of is.* macros have been added. + 4. Indentation in one section of zic.c has been fixed. + 5. References to dead URLs in the data files have been dealt with. + + +Release 2005p - 2005-12-05 10:30:53 -0500 + + "systemv", "tz-link.htm", and "zdump.c" changes + (less the casts of arguments to the is* macros) + + +Release 2005o - 2005-11-28 10:55:26 -0500 + + Georgia, Cuba, Nicaragua, and Jordan changes by Paul Eggert + + zdump.c lint fixes by Arthur David Olson + + +Release 2005n - 2005-10-03 09:44:09 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert (both the Uruguay changes and the Kyrgyzstan + et al. changes) + + +Release 2005m - 2005-08-29 12:15:40 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert (with a small tweak to the tz-art change) + + a declaration of an unused variable has been removed from zdump.c + + +Release 2005l - 2005-08-22 12:06:39 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + overflow/underflow checks by Arthur David Olson, minus changes to + the "Theory" file about the pending addition of 64-bit data (I grow + less confident of the changes being accepted with each passing day, + and the changes no longer increase the data files nine-fold--there's + less than a doubling in size by my local Sun's reckoning) + + +Release 2005k - 2005-07-14 14:14:24 -0400 + + The "leapseconds" file has been edited to reflect the recently + announced leap second at the end of 2005. + + I've also deleted electronic mail addresses from the files as an + anti-spam measure. + + +Release 2005j - 2005-06-13 14:34:13 -0400 + + These reflect changes to limit the length of time zone abbreviations + and the characters used in those abbreviations. + + There are also changes to handle POSIX-style "quoted" timezone + environment variables. + + The changes were circulated on the time zone mailing list; the only + change since then was the removal of a couple of minimum-length of + abbreviation checks. + + +Release data2005i - 2005-04-21 15:04:16 -0400 + + changes (most importantly to Nicaragua and Haiti) by Paul Eggert + + +Release 2005h - 2005-04-04 11:24:47 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + minor changes to Makefile and zdump.c to produce more useful output + when doing a "make typecheck" + + +Release 2005g - 2005-03-14 10:11:21 -0500 + + changes by Paul Eggert (a change to current DST rules in Uruguay and + an update to a link to time zone software) + + +Release 2005f - 2005-03-01 08:45:32 -0500 + + data and documentation changes by Paul Eggert + + +Release 2005e - 2005-02-10 15:59:44 -0500 + + [not summarized] + + +Release code2005d - 2005-01-31 09:21:47 -0500 + + make zic complain about links to links if the -v flag is used + + have "make public" do more code checking + + add an include to "localtime.c" for the benefit of gcc systems + + +Release 2005c - 2005-01-17 18:36:29 -0500 + + get better results when mktime runs on a system where time_t is double + + changes to the data files (most importantly to Paraguay) + + +Release 2005b - 2005-01-10 09:19:54 -0500 + + Get localtime and gmtime working on systems with exotic time_t types. + + Update the leap second commentary in the "leapseconds" file. + + +Release 2005a - 2005-01-01 13:13:44 -0500 + + [not summarized] + + +Release code2004i - 2004-12-14 13:42:58 -0500 + + Deal with systems where time_t is unsigned. + + +Release code2004h - 2004-12-07 11:40:18 -0500 + + 64-bit-time_t changes + + +Release 2004g - 2004-11-02 09:06:01 -0500 + + update to Cuba (taking effect this weekend) + + other changes by Paul Eggert + + correction of the spelling of Oslo + + changed versions of difftime.c and private.h + + +Release code2004f - 2004-10-21 10:25:22 -0400 + + Cope with wide-ranging tm_year values. + + +Release 2004e - 2004-10-11 14:47:21 -0400 + + Brazil/Argentina/Israel changes by Paul Eggert + + changes to tz-link.htm by Paul + + one small fix to Makefile + + +Release 2004d - 2004-09-22 08:27:29 -0400 + + Avoid overflow problems when TM_YEAR_BASE is added to an integer. + + +Release 2004c - 2004-08-11 12:06:26 -0400 + + asctime-related changes + + (variants of) some of the documentation changes suggested by Paul Eggert + + +Release 2004b - 2004-07-19 14:33:35 -0400 + + data changes by Paul Eggert - most importantly, updates for Argentina + + +Release 2004a - 2004-05-27 12:00:47 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + Handle DST transitions that occur at the end of a month in some + years but at the start of the following month in other years. + + Add a copy of the correspondence that's the basis for claims about + DST in the Navajo Nation. + + +Release 2003e - 2003-12-15 09:36:47 -0500 + + changes by Arthur David Olson (primarily code changes) + + changes by Paul Eggert (primarily data changes) + + minor changes to "Makefile" and "northamerica" (in the latter case, + optimization of the "Toronto" rules) + + +Release 2003d - 2003-10-06 09:34:44 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + +Release 2003c - 2003-09-16 10:47:05 -0400 + + Fix bad returns in zic.c's inleap function. + Thanks to Bradley White for catching the problem! + + +Release 2003b - 2003-09-16 07:13:44 -0400 + + Add a "--version" option (and documentation) to the zic and zdump commands. + + changes to overflow/underflow checking in zic + + a localtime typo fix. + + Update the leapseconds and tz-art.htm files. + + +Release 2003a - 2003-03-24 09:30:54 -0500 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + a few additions and modifications to the tz-art.htm file + + +Release 2002d - 2002-10-15 13:12:42 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert, less the "Britain (UK)" change in iso3166.tab + + There's also a new time zone quote in "tz-art.htm". + + +Release 2002c - 2002-04-04 11:55:20 -0500 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + Change zic.c to avoid creating symlinks to files that don't exist. + + +Release 2002b - 2002-01-28 12:56:03 -0500 + + [These change notes are for Release 2002a, which was corrupted. + 2002b was a corrected version of 2002a.] + + changes by Paul Eggert + + Update the "leapseconds" file to note that there'll be no leap + second at the end of June, 2002. + + Change "zic.c" to deal with a problem in handling the "Asia/Bishkek" zone. + + Change to "difftime.c" to avoid sizeof problems. + + +Release 2001d - 2001-10-09 13:31:32 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + +Release 2001c - 2001-06-05 13:59:55 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert and Andrew Brown + + +Release 2001b - 2001-04-05 16:44:38 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert (modulo jnorgard's typo fix) + + tz-art.htm has been HTMLified. + + +Release 2001a - 2001-03-13 12:57:44 -0500 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + An addition to the "leapseconds" file: comments with the text of the + latest IERS leap second notice. + + Trailing white space has been removed from data file lines, and + repeated spaces in "Rule Jordan" lines in the "asia" file have been + converted to tabs. + + +Release 2000h - 2000-12-14 15:33:38 -0500 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + one typo fix in the "art" file + + With providence, this is the last update of the millennium. + + +Release 2000g - 2000-10-10 11:35:22 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + correction of John Mackin's name submitted by Robert Elz + + Garry Shandling's Daylight Saving Time joke (!?!) from the recent + Emmy Awards broadcast. + + +Release 2000f - 2000-08-10 09:31:58 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + Added information in "tz-art.htm" on a Seinfeld reference to DST. + + Error checking and messages in the "yearistype" script have been + improved. + + +Release 2000e - 2000-07-31 09:27:54 -0400 + + data changes by Paul Eggert + + a change to the default value of the defined constant HAVE_STRERROR + + the addition of a Dave Barry quote on DST to the tz-arts file + + +Release 2000d - 2000-04-20 15:43:04 -0400 + + changes to the documentation and code of strftime for C99 conformance + + a bug fix for date.c + + These are based on (though modified from) changes by Paul Eggert. + + +Release 2000c - 2000-03-04 10:31:43 -0500 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + +Release 2000b - 2000-02-21 12:16:29 -0500 + + changes by Paul Eggert and Joseph Myers + + modest tweaks to the tz-art.htm and tz-link.htm files + + +Release 2000a - 2000-01-18 09:21:26 -0500 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + The two hypertext documents have also been renamed. + + +Release code1999i-data1999j - 1999-11-15 18:43:22 -0500 + + Paul Eggert's changes + + additions to the "zic" manual page and the "Arts.htm" file + + +Release code1999h-data1999i - 1999-11-08 14:55:21 -0500 + + [not summarized] + + +Release data1999h - 1999-10-07 03:50:29 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert to "europe" (most importantly, fixing + Lithuania and Estonia) + + +Release 1999g - 1999-09-28 11:06:18 -0400 + + data changes by Paul Eggert (most importantly, the change for + Lebanon that buys correctness for this coming Sunday) + + The "code" file contains changes to "Makefile" and "checktab.awk" to + allow better checking of time zone files before they are published. + + +Release 1999f - 1999-09-23 09:48:14 -0400 + + changes by Arthur David Olson and Paul Eggert + + +Release 1999e - 1999-08-17 15:20:54 -0400 + + changes circulated by Paul Eggert, although the change to handling + of DST-specifying timezone names has been commented out for now + (search for "XXX" in "localtime.c" for details). These files also + do not make any changes to the start of DST in Brazil. + + In addition to Paul's changes, there are updates to "Arts.htm" and + cleanups of URLs. + + +Release 1999d - 1999-03-30 11:31:07 -0500 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + The Makefile's "make public" rule has also been changed to do a test + compile of each individual time zone data file (which should help + avoid problems such as the one we had with Nicosia). + + +Release 1999c - 1999-03-25 09:47:47 -0500 + + changes by Paul Eggert, most importantly the change for Chile. + + +Release 1999b - 1999-02-01 17:51:44 -0500 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + code changes (suggested by Mani Varadarajan, mani at be.com) for + correct handling of symbolic links when building using a relative directory + + code changes to generate correct messages for failed links + + updates to the URLs in Arts.htm + + +Release 1999a - 1999-01-19 16:20:29 -0500 + + error message internationalizations and corrections in zic.c and + zdump.c (as suggested by Vladimir Michl, vladimir.michl at upol.cz, + to whom thanks!) + + +Release code1998h-data1998i - 1998-10-01 09:56:10 -0400 + + changes for Brazil, Chile, and Germany + + support for use of "24:00" in the input files for the time zone compiler + + +Release code1998g-data1998h - 1998-09-24 10:50:28 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + correction to a define in the "private.h" file + + +Release data1998g - 1998-08-11 03:28:35 -0000 + [tzdata1998g.tar.gz is missing!] + + Lithuanian change provided by mgedmin at pub.osf.it + + Move creation of the GMT link with Etc/GMT to "etcetera" (from + "backward") to ensure that the GMT file is created even where folks + don't want the "backward" links (as suggested by Paul Eggert). + + +Release data1998f - 1998-07-20 13:50:00 -0000 + [tzdata1998f.tar.gz is missing!] + + Update the "leapseconds" file to include the newly announced + insertion at the end of 1998. + + +Release code1998f - 1998-06-01 10:18:31 -0400 + + addition to localtime.c by Guy Harris + + +Release 1998e - 1998-05-28 09:56:26 -0400 + + The Makefile is changed to produce zoneinfo-posix rather than + zoneinfo/posix, and to produce zoneinfo-leaps rather than + zoneinfo/right. + + data changes by Paul Eggert + + changes from Guy Harris to provide asctime_r and ctime_r + + A usno1998 file (substantially identical to usno1997) has been added. + + +Release 1998d - 1998-05-14 11:58:34 -0400 + + changes to comments (in particular, elimination of references to CIA maps). + "Arts.htm", "WWW.htm", "asia", and "australasia" are the only places + where changes occur. + + +Release 1998c - 1998-02-28 12:32:26 -0500 + + changes by Paul Eggert (save the "French correction," on which I'll + wait for the dust to settle) + + symlink changes + + changes and additions to Arts.htm + + +Release 1998b - 1998-01-17 14:31:51 -0500 + + URL cleanups and additions + + +Release 1998a - 1998-01-13 12:37:35 -0500 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + +Release code1997i-data1997k - 1997-12-29 09:53:41 -0500 + + changes by Paul Eggert, with minor modifications from Arthur David + Olson to make the files more browser friendly + + +Release code1997h-data1997j - 1997-12-18 17:47:35 -0500 + + minor changes to put "TZif" at the start of each timezone information file + + a rule has also been added to the Makefile so you can + make zones + to just recompile the zone information files (rather than doing a + full "make install" with its other effects). + + +Release data1997i - 1997-10-07 08:45:38 -0400 + + changes to Africa by Paul Eggert + + +Release code1997g-data1997h - 1997-09-04 16:56:54 -0400 + + corrections for Uruguay (and other locations) + + Arthur David Olson's simple-minded fix allowing mktime to both + correctly handle leap seconds and correctly handle tm_sec values + upon which arithmetic has been performed. + + +Release code1997f-data1997g - 1997-07-19 13:15:02 -0400 + + Paul Eggert's updates + + a small change to a function prototype; + + "Music" has been renamed "Arts.htm", HTMLified, and augmented to + include information on Around the World in Eighty Days. + + +Release code1997e-data1997f - 1997-05-03 18:52:34 -0400 + + fixes to zic's error handling + + changes inspired by the item circulated on Slovenia + + The description of Web resources has been HTMLified for browsing + convenience. + + A new piece of tz-related music has been added to the "Music" file. + + +Release code1997d-data1997e - 1997-03-29 12:48:52 -0500 + + Paul Eggert's latest suggestions + + +Release code1997c-data1997d - 1997-03-07 20:37:54 -0500 + + changes to "zic.c" to correct performance of the "-s" option + + a new file "usno1997" + + +Release data1997c - 1997-03-04 09:58:18 -0500 + + changes in Israel + + +Release 1997b - 1997-02-27 18:34:19 -0500 + + The data file incorporates the 1997 leap second. + + The code file incorporates Arthur David Olson's take on the + zic/multiprocessor/directory-creation situation. + + +Release 1997a - 1997-01-21 09:11:10 -0500 + + Paul Eggert's Antarctica (and other changes) + + Arthur David Olson finessed the "getopt" issue by checking against + both -1 and EOF (regardless of POSIX, SunOS 4.1.1's manual says -1 + is returned while SunOS 5.5's manual says EOF is returned). + + +Release code1996o-data1996n - 1996-12-27 21:42:05 -0500 + + Paul Eggert's latest changes + + +Release code1996n - 1996-12-16 09:42:02 -0500 + + link snapping fix from Bruce Evans (via Garrett Wollman) + + +Release data1996m - 1996-11-24 02:37:34 -0000 + [tzdata1996m.tar.gz is missing!] + + Paul Eggert's batch of changes + + +Release code1996m-data1996l - 1996-11-05 14:00:12 -0500 + + No functional changes here; the files have simply been changed to + make more use of ISO style dates in comments. The names of the above + files now include the year in full. + + +Release code96l - 1996-09-08 17:12:20 -0400 + + tzcode96k was missing a couple of pieces. + + +Release 96k - 1996-09-08 16:06:22 -0400 + + the latest round of changes from Paul Eggert + + the recent Year 2000 material + + +Release code96j - 1996-07-30 13:18:53 -0400 + + Set sp->typecnt as suggested by Timothy Patrick Murphy. + + +Release code96i - 1996-07-27 20:11:35 -0400 + + Paul's suggested patch for strftime %V week numbers + + +Release data96i - 1996-07-01 18:13:04 -0400 + + "northamerica" and "europe" changes by Paul Eggert + + +Release code96h - 1996-06-05 08:02:21 -0400 + + fix for handling transitions specified in Universal Time + + Some "public domain" notices have also been added. + + +Release code96g - 1996-05-16 14:00:26 -0400 + + fix for the simultaneous-DST-and-zone-change challenge + + +Release data96h - 1996-05-09 17:40:51 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + +Release code96f-data96g - 1996-05-03 03:09:59 -0000 + [tzcode96f.tar.gz + tzdata96g.tar.gz are both missing!] + + The changes get us some of the way to fixing the problems noted in Paul + Eggert's letter yesterday (in addition to a few others). The approach + has been to make zic a bit smarter about figuring out what time zone + abbreviations apply just after the time specified in the "UNTIL" part + of a zone line. Putting the smarts in zic means avoiding having + transition times show up in both "Zone" lines and "Rule" lines, which + in turn avoids multiple transition time entries in time zone files. + (This also makes the zic input files such as "europe" a bit shorter and + should ease maintenance.) + + +Release data96f - 1996-04-19 19:20:03 -0000 + [tzdata96f.tar.gz is missing!] + + The only changes are to the "northamerica" file; the time zone + abbreviation for Denver is corrected to MST (and MDT), and the + comments for Mexico have been updated. + + +Release data96e - 1996-03-19 17:37:26 -0500 + + Proposals by Paul Eggert, in particular the Portugal change that + comes into play at the end of this month. + + +Release data96d - 1996-03-18 20:49:39 -0500 + + [not summarized] + + +Release code96e - 1996-02-29 15:43:27 -0000 + [tzcode96e.tar.gz is missing!] + + internationalization changes and the fix to the documentation for strftime + + +Release code96d-data96c - 1996-02-12 11:05:27 -0500 + + The "code" file simply updates Bob Kridle's electronic address. + + The "data" file updates rules for Mexico. + + +Release data96b - 1996-01-27 15:44:42 -0500 + + Kiribati change + + +Release code96c - 1996-01-16 16:58:15 -0500 + + leap-year streamlining and binary-search changes + + fix to newctime.3 + + +Release code96b - 1996-01-10 20:42:39 -0500 + + fixes and enhancements from Paul Eggert, including code that + emulates the behavior of recent versions of the SunOS "date" + command. + + +Release 96a - 1996-01-06 09:08:24 -0500 + + Israel updates + + fixes to strftime.c for correct ISO 8601 week number generation, + plus support for two new formats ('G' and 'g') to give ISO 8601 year + numbers (which are not necessarily the same as calendar year numbers) + + +Release code95i-data95m - 1995-12-21 12:46:47 -0500 + + The latest revisions from Paul Eggert are included, the usno1995 + file has been updated, and a new file ("WWW") covering useful URLs + has been added. + + +Release code95h-data95l - 1995-12-19 18:10:12 -0500 + + A simplification of a macro definition, a change to data for Sudan, + and (for last minute shoppers) notes in the "Music" file on the CD + "Old Man Time". + + +Release code95g-data95k - 1995-10-30 10:32:47 -0500 + + (slightly reformatted) 8-bit-clean proposed patch + + minor patch: US/Eastern -> America/New_York + + snapshot of the USNO's latest data ("usno1995") + + some other minor cleanups + + +Release code95f-data95j - 1995-10-28 21:01:34 -0000 + [tzcode95f.tar.gz + tzdata95j.tar.gz are both missing!] + + European cleanups + + support for 64-bit time_t's + + optimization in localtime.c + + +Release code95e - 1995-10-13 13:23:57 -0400 + + the mktime change to scan from future to past when trying to find time zone + offsets + + +Release data95i - 1995-09-26 10:43:26 -0400 + + For Canada/Central, guess that the Sun customer's "one week too + early" was just a approximation, and the true error is one month + too early. This is consistent with the rest of Canada. + + +Release data95h - 1995-09-21 11:26:48 -0400 + + latest changes from Paul Eggert + + +Release code95d - 1995-09-14 11:14:45 -0400 + + the addition of a "Music" file, which documents four recorded + versions of the tune "Save That Time". + + +Release data95g - 1995-09-01 17:21:36 -0400 + + "yearistype" correction + + +Release data95f - 1995-08-28 20:46:56 -0400 + + Paul Eggert's change to the australasia file + + +Release data95e - 1995-07-08 18:02:34 -0400 + + The only change is a leap second at the end of this year. + Thanks to Bradley White for forwarding news on the leap second. + + +Release data95d - 1995-07-03 13:26:22 -0400 + + Paul Eggert's changes + + +Release data95c - 1995-07-02 19:19:28 -0400 + + changes to "asia", "backward", "europe", and "southamerica" + (read: northamericacentrics need not apply) + + +Release code95c - 1995-03-13 14:00:46 -0500 + + one-line fix for sign extension problems in detzcode + + +Release 95b - 1995-03-04 11:22:38 -0500 + + Minor changes in both: + + The "code" file contains a workaround for the lack of "unistd.h" in + Microsoft C++ version 7. + + The "data" file contains a fixed "Link" for America/Shiprock. + + +Release 94h - 1994-12-10 12:51:14 -0500 + + The files: + + * incorporate the changes to "zdump" and "date" to make changes to + the "TZ" environment variable permanent; + + * incorporate the table changes by Paul Eggert; + + * include (and document) support for universal time specifications in + data files - but do not (yet) include use of this feature in the + data files. + + Think of this as "TZ Classic" - the software has been set up not to break if + universal time shows up in its input, and data entries have been + left as is so as not to break existing implementations. + + +Release data94f - 1994-08-20 12:56:09 -0400 + + (with thanks!) the latest data updates from Paul Eggert + + +Release data94e - 1994-06-04 13:13:53 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release code94g - 1994-05-05 12:14:07 -0400 + + fix missing "optind.c" and a reference to it in the Makefile + + +Release code94f - 1994-05-05 13:00:33 -0000 + [tzcode94f.tar.gz is missing!] + + changes to avoid overflow in difftime, as well as changes to cope + with the 52/53 challenge in strftime + + +Release code94e - 1994-03-30 23:32:59 -0500 + + change for the benefit of PCTS + + +Release 94d - 1994-02-24 15:42:25 -0500 + + Avoid clashes with POSIX semantics for zones such as GMT+4. + + Some other very minor housekeeping is also present. + + +Release code94c - 1994-02-10 08:52:40 -0500 + + Fix bug where mkdirs was broken unless you compile with + -fwritable-strings (which is generally losing to do). + + +Release 94b - 1994-02-07 10:04:33 -0500 + + work by Paul Eggert who notes: + + I found another book of time zone histories by E W Whitman; it's not + as extensive as Shanks but has a few goodies of its own. I used it + to update the tables. I also fixed some more as a result of + correspondence with Adam David and Peter Ilieve, and move some stray + links from 'europe' to 'backward'. I corrected some scanning errors + in usno1989. + + As far as the code goes, I fixed zic to allow years in the range + INT_MIN to INT_MAX; this fixed a few boundary conditions around 1900. + And I cleaned up the zic documentation a little bit. + + +Release data94a - 1994-02-03 08:58:54 -0500 + + It simply incorporates the recently announced leap second into the + "leapseconds" file. + + +Release 93g - 1993-11-22 17:28:27 -0500 + + Paul Eggert has provided a good deal of historic information (based + on Shanks), and there are some code changes to deal with the buglets + that crawled out in dealing with the new information. + + +Release 93f - 1993-10-15 12:27:46 -0400 + + Paul Eggert's changes + + +Release 93e - 1993-09-05 21:21:44 -0400 + + This has updated data for Israel, England, and Kwajalein. There's + also an update to "zdump" to cope with Kwajalein's 24-hour jump. + Thanks to Paul Eggert and Peter Ilieve for the changes. + + +Release 93d - 1993-06-17 23:34:17 -0400 + + new fix and new data on Israel + + +Release 93c - 1993-06-06 19:31:55 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 93b - 1993-02-02 14:53:58 -0500 + + updated "leapseconds" file + + +Release 93 - 1993-01-08 07:01:06 -0500 + + At kre's suggestion, the package has been split in two - a code piece + (which also includes documentation) that's only of use to folks who + want to recompile things and a data piece useful to anyone who can + run "zic". + + The new version has a few changes to the data files, a few + portability changes, and an off-by-one fix (with thanks to + Tom Karzes at deshaw.com for providing a description and a + solution). + + +Release 92c - 1992-11-21 17:35:36 -0000 + [tz92c.tar.Z is missing!] + + The fallout from the latest round of DST transitions. + + There are changes for Portugal, Saskatchewan, and "Pacific-New"; + there's also a change to "zic.c" that makes it portable to more systems. + + +Release 92 - 1992-04-25 18:17:03 -0000 + [tz92.tar.Z is missing!] + + By popular demand (well, at any rate, following a request by kre at munnari) + + +The 1989 update of the time zone package featured: + + * POSIXization (including interpretation of POSIX-style TZ environment + variables, provided by Guy Harris), + * ANSIfication (including versions of "mktime" and "difftime"), + * SVIDulation (an "altzone" variable) + * MACHination (the "gtime" function) + * corrections to some time zone data (including corrections to the rules + for Great Britain and New Zealand) + * reference data from the United States Naval Observatory for folks who + want to do additional time zones + * and the 1989 data for Saudi Arabia. + + (Since this code will be treated as "part of the implementation" in some + places and as "part of the application" in others, there's no good way to + name functions, such as timegm, that are not part of the proposed ANSI C + standard; such functions have kept their old, underscore-free names in this + update.) + + And the "dysize" function has disappeared; it was present to allow + compilation of the "date" command on old BSD systems, and a version of "date" + is now provided in the package. The "date" command is not created when you + "make all" since it may lack options provided by the version distributed with + your operating system, or may not interact with the system in the same way + the native version does. + + Since POSIX frowns on correct leap second handling, the default behavior of + the "zic" command (in the absence of a "-L" option) has been changed to omit + leap second information from its output files. + + +----- +Notes + +This file contains copies of the part of each release announcement +that talks about the changes in that release. The text has been +adapted and reformatted for the purposes of this file. + +Traditionally a release R consists of a pair of tarball files, +tzcodeR.tar.gz and tzdataR.tar.gz. However, some releases (e.g., +code2010a, data2012c) consist of just one or the other tarball, and a +few (e.g., code2012c-data2012d) have tarballs with mixed version +numbers. Recent releases also come in an experimental format +consisting of a single tarball tzdb-R.tar.lz with extra data. + +Release timestamps are taken from the release's commit (for newer, +Git-based releases), from the newest file in the tarball (for older +releases, where this info is available) or from the email announcing +the release (if all else fails; these are marked with a time zone +abbreviation of -0000 and an "is missing!" comment). + +Earlier versions of the code and data were not announced on the tz +list and are not summarized here. + +This file is in the public domain. + +Local Variables: +coding: utf-8 +End: @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +README for the tz distribution + +"Where do I set the hands of the clock?" -- Les Tremayne as The King +"Oh that--you can set them any place you want." -- Frank Baxter as The Scientist + (from the Bell System film "About Time") + +The Time Zone Database (called tz, tzdb or zoneinfo) contains code and +data that represent the history of local time for many representative +locations around the globe. It is updated periodically to reflect +changes made by political bodies to time zone boundaries, UTC offsets, +and daylight-saving rules. + +See <https://www.iana.org/time-zones/repository/tz-link.html> or the +file tz-link.html for how to acquire the code and data. + +Once acquired, read the leading comments in the file "Makefile" +and make any changes needed to make things right for your system, +especially when using a platform other than current GNU/Linux. + +Then run the following commands, substituting your desired +installation directory for "$HOME/tzdir": + + make TOPDIR="$HOME/tzdir" install + "$HOME/tzdir/usr/bin/zdump" -v America/Los_Angeles + +See the file tz-how-to.html for examples of how to read the data files. + +This database of historical local time information has several goals: + + * Provide a compendium of data about the history of civil time that + is useful even if not 100% accurate. + + * Give an idea of the variety of local time rules that have existed + in the past and thus may be expected in the future. + + * Test the generality of the local time rule description system. + +The information in the time zone data files is by no means authoritative; +fixes and enhancements are welcome. Please see the file CONTRIBUTING +for details. + +Thanks to these Time Zone Caballeros who've made major contributions to the +time conversion package: Keith Bostic; Bob Devine; Paul Eggert; Robert Elz; +Guy Harris; Mark Horton; John Mackin; and Bradley White. Thanks also to +Michael Bloom, Art Neilson, Stephen Prince, John Sovereign, and Frank Wales +for testing work, and to Gwillim Law for checking local mean time data. +Thanks in particular to Arthur David Olson, the project's founder and first +maintainer, to whom the time zone community owes the greatest debt of all. +None of them are responsible for remaining errors. + +----- + +This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2009-05-17 by +Arthur David Olson. The other files in this distribution are either +public domain or BSD licensed; see the file LICENSE for details. diff --git a/SECURITY b/SECURITY new file mode 100644 index 0000000..40128bc --- /dev/null +++ b/SECURITY @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +Please report any sensitive security-related bugs via email to the +tzdb designated coordinators, currently Paul Eggert +<eggert@cs.ucla.edu> and Tim Parenti <tim@timtimeonline.com>. +Put "tzdb security" at the start of your email's subject line. +We prefer communications to be in English. + +You should receive a response within a week. If not, please follow up +via email to make sure we received your original message. + +If we confirm the bug, we plan to notify affected third-party services +or software that we know about, prepare an advisory, commit fixes to +the main development branch as quickly as is practical, and finally +publish the advisory on tz@iana.org. As with all tzdb contributions, +we give credit to security contributors unless they wish to remain +anonymous. @@ -0,0 +1,1448 @@ +# tzdb data for Africa and environs + +# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of +# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. + +# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, +# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to +# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see +# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. + +# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-27): +# +# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: +# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), +# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). +# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. +# +# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source +# for time zone data was the International Air Transport +# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), +# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries +# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, +# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. +# +# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, +# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which +# I found in the UCLA library. +# +# For data circa 1899, a common source is: +# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. +# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 +# +# For the 1911/1912 establishment of standard time in French possessions, see: +# Société Française de Physique, Recueil de constantes physiques (1913), +# page 752, 18b. +# +# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean. +# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized. +# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT +# for UT +00 through +03, respectively, +# but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that +# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa, +# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and +# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for +# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". +# +# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency: +# +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time +# +02 CAT Central Africa Time +# +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time +# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation: +# +01 WAT West Africa Time +# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like. +# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but +# cannot now come up with solid citations. +# +# I invented the following abbreviations in the 1990s: +# +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time +# +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time +# +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time +# +03 EAT East Africa Time +# 'EAT' seems to have caught on and is in current timestamps, and though +# the other abbreviations are rarer and are only in past timestamps, +# they are paired with better-attested non-DST abbreviations. +# Corrections are welcome. + +# Algeria +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - +Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - +Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - +Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - +Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - +Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - +Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - +Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - +Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S +Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - +Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - +# See Europe/Paris for PMT-related transitions. +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 16 + 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time + 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 + 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 + 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 + 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 + 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 + 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 + 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May + 1:00 - CET + +# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde +# +# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): +# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02. +# For now, ignore that and follow the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree +# (see Europe/Lisbon). +# +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1912 Jan 01 2:00u # Praia + -2:00 - -02 1942 Sep + -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15 + -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00 + -1:00 - -01 + +# Chad +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # N'Djamena + 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 + 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 + 1:00 - WAT + +# Burkina Faso +# Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) +# The Gambia +# Ghana +# Guinea +# Iceland +# Mali +# Mauritania +# St Helena +# Senegal +# Sierra Leone +# Togo + +# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: +# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA +# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA +# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): +# on GMT, says the CIA +# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 + 0:00 - GMT + +############################################################################### + +# Egypt + +# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh +# observatory. Milne also says that the official time for +# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this +# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - +Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - +Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S +Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - +Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - +Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S +Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S +Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S +Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S +Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S +# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. +# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): +# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight +# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of +# Egyptians would approve the cancellation." +# +# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time +# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 +# or +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html +Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - +# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): +# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: +# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday +# after observing the daylight saving time since May. +# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf +Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - +# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): +# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight +# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] +# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm +# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 +# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: +# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm +Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - +# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): +# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter +# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each +# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite +# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by +# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, +# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. +# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): +# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. + +# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): +# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): +# +# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 +# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = +# Apr 23 +# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 +# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = +# Apr 24 +# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 +# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = +# Aug 27 +# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 +# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = +# Aug 27 +# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 +# +# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= +# :59) +# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ +# +# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. +# +# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 +# [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 +# [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ + +# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): +# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth +# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday +# in September. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): +# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet +# Information and Decision Support Center: +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html +# +# The Middle East News Agency +# https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx +# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" +# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." +# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, +# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine +# (at least today). + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): +# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has +# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during +# Ramadan. +# +# Arabic translation: +# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" +# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html + +# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): +# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 +# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx + +# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): +# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) + +# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): +# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes +# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at +# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... +# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... +# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to +# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, +# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, +# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve +# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been +# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... +# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08): +# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015. +# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last +# Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but +# dates not yet announced.... +# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ... +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html + +# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20): +# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at +# least for 2015. +# +# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20): +# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx +# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving +# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the +# practice altogether in future years." +# +# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24): +# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his +# decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24. +# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29): +# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October.... +# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx +# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04): +# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST, + +# From Ahmad ElDardiry (2023-03-01): +# Egypt officially announced today that daylight savings will be +# applied from last Friday of April to last Thursday of October. +# From Paul Eggert (2023-03-01): +# Assume transitions are at 00:00 and 24:00 respectively. +# From Amir Adib (2023-03-07): +# https://www.facebook.com/EgyptianCabinet/posts/638829614954129/ + +Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - +Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - +Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - +Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S +Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - +Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S +Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - +Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S +Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - +Rule Egypt 2023 max - Apr lastFri 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Egypt 2023 max - Oct lastThu 24:00 0 - + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] + #STDOFF 2:05:08.9 +Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct + 2:00 Egypt EE%sT + +# Guinea-Bissau +# +# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): +# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, +# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree +# (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect. +# +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u + -1:00 - -01 1975 + 0:00 - GMT + +# Comoros +# Djibouti +# Eritrea +# Ethiopia +# Kenya +# Madagascar +# Mayotte +# Somalia +# Tanzania +# Uganda + +# From P Chan (2020-10-24): +# +# The standard time of GMT+2:30 was adopted in the East Africa Protectorate.... +# [The Official Gazette, 1908-05-01, p 274] +# https://books.google.com/books?id=e-cAC-sjPSEC&pg=PA274 +# +# At midnight on 30 June 1928 the clocks throughout Kenya was put forward +# half an hour by the Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1928. +# https://gazettes.africa/archive/ke/1928/ke-government-gazette-dated-1928-05-11-no-28.pdf +# [Ordinance No. 11 of 1928, The Official Gazette, 1928-06-26, p 813] +# https://books.google.com/books?id=2S0S6os32ZUC&pg=PA813 +# +# The 1928 ordinance was repealed by the Alteration of Time (repeal) Ordinance, +# 1929 and the time was restored to GMT+2:30 at midnight on 4 January 1930. +# [Ordinance No. 97 of 1929, The Official Gazette, 1929-12-31, p 2701] +# https://books.google.com/books?id=_g18jIZQlwwC&pg=PA2701 +# +# The Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1936 changed the time to GMT+2:45 +# and repealed the previous ordinance at midnight on 31 December 1936. +# [The Official Gazette, 1936-07-21, p 705] +# https://books.google.com/books?id=K7j41z0aC5wC&pg=PA705 +# +# The Defence (Amendment of Laws No. 120) Regulations changed the time +# to GMT+3 at midnight on 31 July 1942. +# [Kenya Official Gazette Supplement No. 32, 1942-07-21, p 331] +# https://books.google.com/books?hl=zh-TW&id=c_E-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA331 +# The provision of the 1936 ordinance was not repealed and was later +# incorporated in the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance in 1948. +# Although it was overridden by the 1942 regulations. +# [The Laws of Kenya in force on 1948-09-21, Title I, Chapter 1, 31] +# https://dds.crl.edu/item/217517 (p.101) +# In 1950 the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance was amended to adopt +# GMT+3 permanently as the 1942 regulations were due to expire on 10 December. +# https://books.google.com/books?id=jvR8mUDAwR0C&pg=PA787 +# [Ordinance No. 44 of 1950, Kenya Ordinances 1950, Vol. XXIX, p 294] +# https://books.google.com/books?id=-_dQAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA294 + +# From Paul Eggert (2020-10-24): +# The 1908-05-01 announcement does not give an effective date, +# so just say "1908 May". + +# From Paul Eggert (2018-09-11): +# Unfortunately tzdb records only Western clock time in use in Ethiopia, +# as the tzdb format is not up to properly recording a common Ethiopian +# timekeeping practice that is based on solar time. See: +# Mortada D. If you have a meeting in Ethiopia, you'd better double +# check the time. PRI's The World. 2015-01-30 15:15 -05. +# https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-01-30/if-you-have-meeting-ethiopia-you-better-double-check-time + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1908 May + 2:30 - +0230 1928 Jun 30 24:00 + 3:00 - EAT 1930 Jan 4 24:00 + 2:30 - +0230 1936 Dec 31 24:00 + 2:45 - +0245 1942 Jul 31 24:00 + 3:00 - EAT + +# Liberia +# +# From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02): +# +# The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30. +# +# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset +# that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on +# 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of: +# Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of +# President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972. +# Monrovia: Executive Mansion. +# +# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more accurate numeric +# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit. +# +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 + -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time + -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT + 0:00 - GMT + +############################################################################### + +# Libya + +# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): +# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. +# https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ +# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc +# +# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in +# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html +# +# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): +# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. +# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe +# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on +# lastFri instead of lastSun). + +# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): +# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was +# cancelled yesterday.... +# https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ +# +# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): +# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - +Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - +Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S +Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 + 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 + 2:00 - EET 1982 + 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 +# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; +# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. + 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 + 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 + 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 + 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 + 2:00 - EET + +# Mauritius + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): +# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial +# basis.... +# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to +# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html + +# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): +# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD + +# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): +# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A +# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving +# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. + +# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): +# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): +# According to +# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 +# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier +# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start +# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time +# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). +# +# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date +# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, +# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in +# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder +# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which +# changes two days later. + +# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): +# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving +# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally +# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... +# +# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction +# de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 +# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html + +# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): +# The Government of Mauritius weblink +# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD +# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: +# +# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly +# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in +# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of +# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United +# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the +# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on +# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the +# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 +# and end on 29 March 2009. + +# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): +# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the +# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the +# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. +# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): +# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe +# DST the coming summer... +# +# Some sources, in French: +# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-«-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99été-ne-sera-pas-appliquée-cette-année-» +# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-économie-d-énergie-de-l-heure-d-été-ont-été-atteints- +# +# Our wrap-up: +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html + +# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): +# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: +# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour +# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - +Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis + 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05 +# Agalega Is, Rodriguez +# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius + + +# Morocco +# See Africa/Ceuta for Spanish Morocco. + +# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): +# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between +# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. +# +# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will +# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to +# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." +# +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html +# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html + +# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): +# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe +# Presse: +# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view +# +# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. +# spokesman. + +# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): +# According to this article: +# https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html +# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) +# the changes occur at midnight: +# +# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be +# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) +# Sunday night the 28th at midnight +# +# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say +# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and +# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive +# June 1st to Sept 27th. +# +# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree +# published on the web. +# +# It's also confirmed here: +# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm +# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet +# posted in English). +# +# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: +# https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): +# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 +# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end +# of September: +# +# One article about it (in French): +# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default +# +# We have some further details posted here: +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): +# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according +# to many sources, such as +# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html +# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 +# (French) +# +# Our summary: +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): +# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, +# Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics +# +# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967) +# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of +# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be +# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. +# +# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): +# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization +# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from +# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. +# +# Example: +# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html +# (French) +# Our page: +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html + +# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): +# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) +# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 +# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 +# ...Official links of change in morocco +# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio +# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at +# +212.537.71.84.00 +# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ +# They said that +# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view +# is the official publication to look at. +# They said that the decision was already taken. +# +# More articles in the press +# https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html +# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 +# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT+1-a-partir-de-dim + +# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): +# They have it written in English here: +# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view +# +# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, +# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of +# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has +# also been like that in the past. + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): +# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), +# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale: +# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été +# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-légale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-dété +# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on +# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on +# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) +# except the month of Ramadan. +# or (brief) +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html + +# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): +# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in +# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; +# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. +# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about +# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. + +# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): +# Seen Morocco change again: +# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php +# "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, +# comme annoncé précédemment." + +# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): +# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: +# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] +# +# Google translation, lightly edited: +# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) +# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, +# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the +# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry +# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return +# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until +# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from +# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes +# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. + +# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): +# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be +# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government +# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be +# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see +# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 + +# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): +# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings +# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: +# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): +# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day +# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for +# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 +# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official +# source (French): +# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 +# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): +# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html + +# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): +# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp + +# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): +# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return +# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST +# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... +# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 + +# From Milamber (2015-06-08): +# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes +# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding +# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19, +# 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I +# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of +# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015). +# Source (french): +# https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/ +# +# From Milamber (2015-06-09): +# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863 +# +# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09): +# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go +# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch.... +# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in +# <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees +# with the patch. + +# From Mohamed Essedik Najd (2018-10-26): +# Today, a Moroccan government council approved the perpetual addition +# of 60 minutes to the regular Moroccan timezone. +# From Matt Johnson (2018-10-28): +# http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/1/BO/2018/BO_6720-bis_Ar.pdf +# +# From Maamar Abdelkader (2018-11-01): +# We usually move clocks back the previous week end and come back to the +1 +# the week end after.... The government does not announce yet the decision +# about this temporary change. But it s 99% sure that it will be the case, +# as in previous years. An unofficial survey was done these days, showing +# that 64% of asked people are ok for moving from +1 to +0 during Ramadan. +# https://leconomiste.com/article/1035870-enquete-l-economiste-sunergia-64-des-marocains-plebiscitent-le-gmt-pendant-ramadan + +# From Naoufal Semlali (2019-04-16): +# Morocco will be on GMT starting from Sunday, May 5th 2019 at 3am. +# The switch to GMT+1 will occur on Sunday, June 9th 2019 at 2am.... +# http://fr.le360.ma/societe/voici-la-date-du-retour-a-lheure-legale-au-maroc-188222 + +# From Semlali Naoufal (2020-04-14): +# Following the announcement by the Moroccan government, the switch to +# GMT time will take place on Sunday, April 19, 2020 from 3 a.m. and +# the return to GMT+1 time will take place on Sunday, May 31, 2020 at 2 a.m.... +# https://maroc-diplomatique.net/maroc-le-retour-a-lheure-gmt-est-prevu-dimanche-prochain/ +# http://aujourdhui.ma/actualite/gmt1-retour-a-lheure-normale-dimanche-prochain-1 +# +# From Milamber (2020-05-31) +# In Morocco (where I live), the end of Ramadan (Arabic month) is followed by +# the Eid al-Fitr, and concretely it's 1 or 2 day offs for the people (with +# traditional visiting of family, big lunches/dinners, etc.). So for this +# year the astronomical calculations don't include the following 2 days off in +# the calc. These 2 days fall in a Sunday/Monday, so it's not acceptable by +# people to have a time shift during these 2 days off. Perhaps you can modify +# the (predicted) rules for next years: if the end of Ramadan is a (probable) +# Friday or Saturday (and so the 2 days off are on a weekend), the next time +# shift will be the next weekend. +# +# From Milamber (2021-03-31, 2022-03-10): +# https://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=2076 +# https://www.ecoactu.ma/horaires-administration-ramadan-gmtheure-gmt-a-partir-de-dimanche-27-mars/ +# +# From Milamber (2023-03-14, 2023-03-15): +# The return to legal GMT time will take place this Sunday, March 19 at 3 a.m. +# ... the return to GMT+1 will be made on Sunday April 23, 2023 at 2 a.m. +# https://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites/passage-à-l%E2%80%99heure-gmt-à-partir-du-dimanche-19-mars-2023 +# +# From Paul Eggert (2023-03-14): +# For now, guess that in the future Morocco will fall back at 03:00 +# the last Sunday before Ramadan, and spring forward at 02:00 the +# first Sunday after one day after Ramadan. To implement this, +# transition dates and times for 2019 through 2087 were determined by +# running the following program under GNU Emacs 28.2. (This algorithm +# also produces the correct transition dates for 2016 through 2018, +# though the times differ due to Morocco's time zone change in 2018.) +# (let ((islamic-year 1440)) +# (require 'cal-islam) +# (while (< islamic-year 1511) +# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) +# (b (+ 1 (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))) +# (sunday 0)) +# (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) +# (while (/= sunday (mod b 7)) +# (setq b (1+ b))) +# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) +# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) +# (insert +# (format +# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t-1:00\t-\n" +# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t0\t-\n") +# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) +# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) +# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2013 2018 - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2014 2018 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 31 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2022 only - Mar 27 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2023 only - Mar 19 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 23 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2024 only - Mar 10 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2025 only - Feb 23 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2026 only - Feb 15 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2026 only - Mar 22 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2027 only - Feb 7 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2027 only - Mar 14 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2028 only - Jan 23 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2028 only - Mar 5 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2029 only - Jan 14 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2029 only - Feb 18 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2029 only - Dec 30 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2030 only - Feb 10 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2030 only - Dec 22 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2031 only - Jan 26 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2031 only - Dec 14 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2032 only - Jan 18 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2032 only - Nov 28 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2033 only - Jan 9 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2033 only - Nov 20 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2033 only - Dec 25 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2034 only - Nov 5 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2034 only - Dec 17 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 28 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2035 only - Dec 9 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2036 only - Nov 23 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2037 only - Nov 15 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2038 only - Sep 26 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2038 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2039 only - Sep 18 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2039 only - Oct 23 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2040 only - Sep 2 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2040 only - Oct 14 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2041 only - Aug 25 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2041 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2042 only - Aug 10 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2042 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2043 only - Aug 2 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2043 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2044 only - Jul 24 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2044 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2045 only - Jul 9 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2045 only - Aug 20 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2046 only - Jul 1 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2046 only - Aug 5 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jun 23 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jul 28 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jun 7 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jul 19 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2049 only - May 30 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2049 only - Jul 4 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2050 only - May 15 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2050 only - Jun 26 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2051 only - May 7 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2051 only - Jun 18 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2052 only - Apr 28 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2052 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2053 only - Apr 13 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2053 only - May 25 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2054 only - Apr 5 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2054 only - May 10 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2055 only - Mar 28 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2055 only - May 2 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2056 only - Mar 12 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2056 only - Apr 23 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2057 only - Mar 4 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2057 only - Apr 8 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2058 only - Feb 17 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2058 only - Mar 31 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2059 only - Feb 9 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2059 only - Mar 23 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2060 only - Feb 1 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2060 only - Mar 7 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2061 only - Jan 16 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2061 only - Feb 27 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2062 only - Jan 8 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2062 only - Feb 12 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2062 only - Dec 31 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2063 only - Feb 4 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2063 only - Dec 16 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2064 only - Jan 27 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2064 only - Dec 7 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2065 only - Jan 11 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2065 only - Nov 22 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2066 only - Jan 3 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2066 only - Nov 14 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2066 only - Dec 26 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2067 only - Nov 6 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2067 only - Dec 11 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2068 only - Oct 21 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2068 only - Dec 2 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2069 only - Oct 13 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2069 only - Nov 17 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2070 only - Oct 5 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2070 only - Nov 9 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2071 only - Sep 20 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2071 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2072 only - Sep 11 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2072 only - Oct 16 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2073 only - Aug 27 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2073 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2074 only - Aug 19 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2074 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2075 only - Aug 11 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2075 only - Sep 15 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2076 only - Jul 26 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2076 only - Sep 6 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2077 only - Jul 18 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2077 only - Aug 22 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2078 only - Jul 10 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2078 only - Aug 14 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2079 only - Jun 25 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2079 only - Aug 6 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jun 16 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jul 21 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jun 1 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jul 13 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2082 only - May 24 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2082 only - Jun 28 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2083 only - May 16 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2083 only - Jun 20 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2084 only - Apr 30 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2084 only - Jun 11 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2085 only - Apr 22 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2085 only - May 27 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2086 only - Apr 14 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2086 only - May 19 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2087 only - Mar 30 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2087 only - May 11 2:00 0 - +# For dates after the somewhat-arbitrary cutoff of 2087, assume that +# Morocco will no longer observe DST. At some point this table will +# need to be extended, though quite possibly Morocco will change the +# rules first. + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 + 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 1984 Mar 16 + 1:00 - +01 1986 + 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00 + 1:00 Morocco +01/+00 + +# Western Sahara +# +# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): +# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters +# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as +# Morocco does. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): +# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, +# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. + +Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún + -1:00 - -01 1976 Apr 14 + 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00 + 1:00 Morocco +01/+00 + +# Botswana +# Burundi +# Democratic Republic of the Congo (eastern) +# Malawi +# Mozambique +# Rwanda +# Zambia +# Zimbabwe +# +# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. +# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree +# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf +# merely made it official? +# +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar + 2:00 - CAT + +# Namibia + +# From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09): +# The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at +# www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf +# and includes this nugget: +# Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the +# first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall +# commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on +# Sunday 4 September 1994. + +# From Michael Deckers (2017-04-06): +# ... both summer and winter time are called "standard" +# (which differs from the use in Ireland) ... + +# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): +# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html +# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other +# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there +# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of +# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of +# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest +# of the country. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22): +# Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally +# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice. +# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. +# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23. +# https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09): +# Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST: +# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ +# This video is from the government decision: +# https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665 +# We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at +# the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September: +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html + +# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09): +# Before the change, summer and winter time were both standard time legally. +# However in common parlance, winter time was considered to be DST. See, e.g.: +# http://www.nbc.na/news/namibias-winter-time-could-be-scrapped.2706 +# https://zone.my.na/news/times-are-changing-in-namibia +# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ +# Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible +# with Namibia's neighbors. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. +Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 -1:00 WAT +Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 CAT +Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 -1:00 WAT +# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. +#Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 WAT +#Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 CAT +#Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 WAT +# End of rearguard section. + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 + 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar + 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 + 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 + 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence +# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. + 2:00 Namibia %s +# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. +# 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00 +# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-07): +# The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24. See: +# http://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Namibian%20Time%20Act%209%20of%202017.pdf +# 1:00 Namibia %s 2017 Oct 24 +# 2:00 - CAT +# End of rearguard section. + + +# Angola +# Benin +# Cameroon +# Central African Republic +# Democratic Republic of the Congo (western) +# Republic of the Congo +# Equatorial Guinea +# Gabon +# Niger +# Nigeria + +# From P Chan (2020-12-03): +# GMT was adopted as the standard time of Lagos on 1905-07-01. +# Lagos Weekly Record, 1905-06-24, p 3 +# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558#?c=0&m=668&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1446,5221,1931,1235 +# says "It is officially notified that on and after the 1st of July 1905 +# Greenwich Mean Solar Time will be adopted throughout the Colony and +# Protectorate, and that it will be necessary to put all clocks 13 minutes and +# 35 seconds back, recording local mean time." +# +# It seemed that Lagos returned to LMT on 1908-07-01. +# [The Lagos Standard], 1908-07-01, p 5 +# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31556#?c=0&m=78&s=0&cv=4&r=0&xywh=-92,3590,3944,2523 +# says "Scarcely have the people become accustomed to this new time, when +# another official notice has now appeared announcing that from and after the +# 1st July next, return will be made to local mean time." +# +# From P Chan (2020-11-27): +# On 1914-01-01, standard time of GMT+0:30 was adopted for the unified Nigeria. +# Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 878. Nigeria. Report for 1914. (April 1916), +# p 27 +# https://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/Africana/Books2011-05/3064634/3064634_1914/3064634_1914_opt.pdf#page=27 +# "On January 1st [1914], a universal standard time for Nigeria was adopted, +# viz., half an hour fast on Greenwich mean time, corresponding to the meridian +# 7° 30' E. long." +# Lloyd's Register of Shipping (1915) says "Hitherto the time observed in Lagos +# was the local mean time. On 1st January, 1914, standard time for the whole of +# Nigeria was introduced ... Lagos time has been advanced about 16 minutes +# accordingly." +# +# In 1919, standard time was changed to GMT+1. +# Interpretation Ordinance (Cap 2) +# The Laws of Nigeria, Containing the Ordinances of Nigeria, in Force on the +# 1st Day of January, 1923, Vol.I [p 16] +# https://books.google.com/books?id=BOMrAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA16 +# "The expression 'Standard time' means standard time as used in Nigeria: +# namely, 60 minutes in advance of Greenwich mean time. (As amended by 18 of +# 1919, s. 2.)" +# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10): +# The Lagos Weekly Record, 1919-09-20, p 3 details discussion on the first +# reading of this Bill by the Legislative Council of the Colony of Nigeria on +# Thursday 1919-08-28: +# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558?terms&item_id=303484#?m=1118&c=1&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1261,3408,2994,1915 +# "The proposal is that the Globe should be divided into twelve zones East and +# West of Greenwich, of one hour each, Nigeria falling into the zone with a +# standard of one hour fast on Greenwich Mean Time. Nigeria standard time is +# now 30 minutes in advance of Greenwich Mean Time ... according to the new +# proposal, standard time will be advanced another 30 minutes". It was further +# proposed that the firing of the time guns likewise be adjusted by 30 minutes +# to compensate. +# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10), per P Chan (2020-12-11): +# The text of Ordinance 18 of 1919, published in Nigeria Gazette, Vol 6, No 52, +# shows that the change was assented to the following day and took effect "on +# the 1st day of September, 1919." +# Nigeria Gazette and Supplements 1919 Jan-Dec, Reference: 73266B-40, +# img 245-246 +# https://microform.digital/boa/collections/77/volumes/539/nigeria-lagos-1887-1919 + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:35 - LMT 1905 Jul 1 + 0:00 - GMT 1908 Jul 1 + 0:13:35 - LMT 1914 Jan 1 + 0:30 - +0030 1919 Sep 1 + 1:00 - WAT + +# São Tomé and Príncipe + +# See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08): +# Multiple sources tell that São Tomé changed from UTC to UTC+1 as +# they entered the year 2018. +# From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08): +# the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017] +# http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017 + +# From Vadim Nasardinov (2018-12-29): +# São Tomé and Príncipe is about to do the following on Jan 1, 2019: +# https://www.stp-press.st/2018/12/05/governo-jesus-ja-decidiu-repor-hora-legal-sao-tomense/ +# +# From Michael Deckers (2018-12-30): +# https://www.legis-palop.org/download.jsp?idFile=102818 +# ... [The legal time of the country, which coincides with universal +# coordinated time, will be reinstituted at 2 o'clock on day 1 of January, 2019.] + +Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 + #STDOFF -0:36:44.68 + -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 00:00u # Lisbon MT + 0:00 - GMT 2018 Jan 1 01:00 + 1:00 - WAT 2019 Jan 1 02:00 + 0:00 - GMT + +# Eswatini (Swaziland) +# Lesotho +# South Africa + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - +Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 + 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar + 2:00 SA SAST +# +# Marion and Prince Edward Is +# scientific station since 1947 +# no information + +# Sudan + +# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> +# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), +# also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: +# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon +# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for +# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. + +# From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17): +# ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00) +# to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): +# A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the +# year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia +# Abdalla of NTC, archived at: +# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - +Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 + 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 + 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1 + 2:00 - CAT + +# South Sudan + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2021-01-18): +# "South Sudan will change its time zone by setting the clock back 1 +# hour on February 1, 2021...." +# from https://eyeradio.org/south-sudan-adopts-new-time-zone-makuei/ + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931 + 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 + 3:00 - EAT 2021 Feb 1 00:00 + 2:00 - CAT + +# Tunisia + +# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): +# My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, +# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News +# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP +# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by +# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be +# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next +# Saturday." (My translation) +# +# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): +# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... +# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html +# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, +# 1h standard time. +# +# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): +# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: +# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 +# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... +# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): +# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. +# (Arabic) +# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 +# https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp +# +# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. +# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): +# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency +# +# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): +# +# (in English) +# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 +# +# (in Arabic) +# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 + +# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): +# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is +# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period +# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept +# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception +# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): +# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 +# +# (translation): +# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on +# Sunday... +# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also +# coincided with the month of Ramadan..." +# +# (in Arabic) +# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 +# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - +Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - +Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - +Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - +Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - +Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - +Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - +Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - +Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - +Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - +Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - +Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - + +# See Europe/Paris commentary for PMT-related transitions. +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 + 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time + 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT diff --git a/antarctica b/antarctica new file mode 100644 index 0000000..763c272 --- /dev/null +++ b/antarctica @@ -0,0 +1,362 @@ +# tzdb data for Antarctica and environs + +# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of +# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. + +# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15): +# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see +# COMNAP - Stations and Bases +# http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/ +# and +# Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23) +# http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm +# for information. +# Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information. + +# FORMAT is '-00' and STDOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited. + +# Argentina - year-round bases +# Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05 +# Carlini, Potter Cove, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01 +# Esperanza, Hope Bay, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17 +# Marambio, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29 +# Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22 +# San Martín, Barry I, -6808-06706, since 1951-03-21 +# (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21) + +# Australia - territories +# Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited) +# previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered +# Margaret Turner reports +# https://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html +# (1999-09-30) that they're UT +05, with no DST; +# presumably this is when they have visitors. +# +# year-round bases +# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969 +# Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13 +# (except 1964-11 - 1969-02) +# Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13 + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-11): +# Three Australian stations in Antarctica have changed their time zone: +# Casey moved from UTC+8 to UTC+11 +# Davis moved from UTC+7 to UTC+5 +# Mawson moved from UTC+6 to UTC+5 +# The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times). +# +# Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division) +# http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079 +# +# We have more background information here: +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): +# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: ... +# +# - Casey station reverted to its normal time of UTC+8 on 5 March 2010. +# The change to UTC+11 is being considered as a regular summer thing but +# has not been decided yet. +# +# - Davis station will revert to its normal time of UTC+7 at 10 March 2010 +# 20:00 UTC. +# +# - Mawson station stays on UTC+5. +# +# Background: +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-10-28): +# Australian Antarctica Division informed us that Casey changed time +# zone to UTC+11 in "the morning of 22nd October 2016". + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2020-10-02, as corrected): +# Based on information we have received from the Australian Antarctic +# Division, Casey station and Macquarie Island station will move to Tasmanian +# daylight savings time on Sunday 4 October. This will take effect from 0001 +# hrs on Sunday 4 October 2020 and will mean Casey and Macquarie Island will +# be on the same time zone as Hobart. Some past dates too for this 3 hour +# time change back and forth between UTC+8 and UTC+11 for Casey: +# - 2018 Oct 7 4:00 - 2019 Mar 17 3:00 - 2019 Oct 4 3:00 - 2020 Mar 8 3:00 +# and now - 2020 Oct 4 0:01 + +# From Paul Eggert (2023-12-20): +# Transitions from 2021 on are taken from: +# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zone/antarctica/casey +# retrieved at various dates. + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - -00 1969 + 8:00 - +08 2009 Oct 18 2:00 + 11:00 - +11 2010 Mar 5 2:00 + 8:00 - +08 2011 Oct 28 2:00 + 11:00 - +11 2012 Feb 21 17:00u + 8:00 - +08 2016 Oct 22 + 11:00 - +11 2018 Mar 11 4:00 + 8:00 - +08 2018 Oct 7 4:00 + 11:00 - +11 2019 Mar 17 3:00 + 8:00 - +08 2019 Oct 4 3:00 + 11:00 - +11 2020 Mar 8 3:00 + 8:00 - +08 2020 Oct 4 0:01 + 11:00 - +11 2021 Mar 14 0:00 + 8:00 - +08 2021 Oct 3 0:01 + 11:00 - +11 2022 Mar 13 0:00 + 8:00 - +08 2022 Oct 2 0:01 + 11:00 - +11 2023 Mar 9 3:00 + 8:00 - +08 +Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - -00 1957 Jan 13 + 7:00 - +07 1964 Nov + 0 - -00 1969 Feb + 7:00 - +07 2009 Oct 18 2:00 + 5:00 - +05 2010 Mar 10 20:00u + 7:00 - +07 2011 Oct 28 2:00 + 5:00 - +05 2012 Feb 21 20:00u + 7:00 - +07 +Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - -00 1954 Feb 13 + 6:00 - +06 2009 Oct 18 2:00 + 5:00 - +05 +# References: +# Casey Weather (1998-02-26) +# http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html +# Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26) +# http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html +# Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25) +# http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html + +# Belgium - year-round base +# Princess Elisabeth, Queen Maud Land, -713412+0231200, since 2007 + +# Brazil - year-round base +# Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4 + +# Bulgaria - year-round base +# St. Kliment Ohridski, Livingston Island, -623829-0602153, since 1988 + +# Chile - year-round bases and towns +# Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994 +# Frei Montalva, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07 +# O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02 +# Prat, -6230-05941 +# Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09 +# These locations employ Region of Magallanes time; use +# TZ='America/Punta_Arenas'. + +# China - year-round bases +# Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20 +# Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26 + +# France - year-round bases (also see "France & Italy") +# +# From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20): +# Time data entries are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP +# (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology). +# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adélie bases +# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adélie supplies came +# from Tasmania. +# +# French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants +# +# Alfred Faure, Possession Island, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964; +# sealing & whaling stations operated variously 1802/1911+; +# see Asia/Dubai. +# +# Martin-de-Viviès, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950 +# Port-aux-Français, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951; +# whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956 +# +# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited +# fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931 +# +# Kerguelen - see Indian/Maldives. +# +# year-round base in the main continent +# Dumont d'Urville - see Pacific/Port_Moresby. + +# France & Italy - year-round base +# Concordia, -750600+1232000, since 2005 + +# Germany - year-round base +# Neumayer III, -704080-0081602, since 2009 + +# India - year-round bases +# Bharati, -692428+0761114, since 2012 +# Maitri, -704558+0114356, since 1989 + +# Italy - year-round base (also see "France & Italy") +# Zuchelli, Terra Nova Bay, -744140+1640647, since 1986 + +# Japan - year-round bases +# See Asia/Riyadh. + +# S Korea - year-round base +# Jang Bogo, Terra Nova Bay, -743700+1641205 since 2014 +# King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988 + +# New Zealand - claims +# Balleny Islands (never inhabited) +# Scott Island (never inhabited) +# +# year-round base +# Scott Base, Ross Island, since 1957-01. +# See Pacific/Auckland. + +# Norway - territories +# Bouvet (never inhabited) +# +# claims +# Peter I Island (never inhabited) +# +# year-round base +# Troll, Queen Maud Land, -720041+0023206, since 2005-02-12 +# +# From Paul-Inge Flakstad (2014-03-10): +# I recently had a long dialog about this with the developer of timegenie.com. +# In the absence of specific dates, he decided to choose some likely ones: +# GMT +1 - From March 1 to the last Sunday in March +# GMT +2 - From the last Sunday in March until the last Sunday in October +# GMT +1 - From the last Sunday in October until November 7 +# GMT +0 - From November 7 until March 1 +# The dates for switching to and from UTC+0 will probably not be absolutely +# correct, but they should be quite close to the actual dates. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-21): +# The CET-switching Troll rules require zic from tz 2014b or later, so as +# suggested by Bengt-Inge Larsson comment them out for now, and approximate +# with only UTC and CEST. Uncomment them when 2014b is more prevalent. +# +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +#Rule Troll 2005 max - Mar 1 1:00u 1:00 +01 +Rule Troll 2005 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 2:00 +02 +#Rule Troll 2005 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 1:00 +01 +#Rule Troll 2004 max - Nov 7 1:00u 0:00 +00 +# Remove the following line when uncommenting the above '#Rule' lines. +Rule Troll 2004 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0:00 +00 +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Antarctica/Troll 0 - -00 2005 Feb 12 + 0:00 Troll %s + +# Poland - year-round base +# Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977 + +# Romania - year-bound base +# Law-Racoviță, Larsemann Hills, -692319+0762251, since 1986 + +# Russia - year-round bases +# Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22 +# Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02 +# Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551, +# year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01 +# Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150, +# year-round from 1960/61 to 1992 + +# Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11 +# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15): +# http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP +# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same +# time as Moscow, Russia. +# +# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08): +# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is +# what they had to say about time there: +# "in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo) +# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was +# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead +# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The +# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT." +# +# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04): +# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it +# in person. He said that some Antarctic locations set their local +# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this +# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean +# solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks +# happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time +# it is at Vostok. +# +# From Zakhary V. Akulov (2023-12-17 22:00:48 +0700): +# ... from December, 18, 2023 00:00 by my decision the local time of +# the Antarctic research base Vostok will correspond to UTC+5. +# (2023-12-19): We constantly interact with Progress base, with company who +# builds new wintering station, with sledge convoys, with aviation - they all +# use UTC+5. Besides, difference between Moscow time is just 2 hours now, not 4. +# (2023-12-19, in response to the question "Has local time at Vostok +# been UTC+6 ever since 1957, or has it changed before?"): No. At least +# since my antarctic career start, 10 years ago, Vostok base has UTC+7. +# (In response to a 2023-12-18 question "from 02:00 to 00:00 today"): This. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2023-12-18): +# For lack of better info, guess Vostok was at +07 from founding through today, +# except when closed. + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - -00 1957 Dec 16 + 7:00 - +07 1994 Feb + 0 - -00 1994 Nov + 7:00 - +07 2023 Dec 18 2:00 + 5:00 - +05 + +# S Africa - year-round bases +# Marion Island, -4653+03752 +# SANAE IV, Vesleskarvet, Queen Maud Land, -714022-0025026, since 1997 + +# Ukraine - year-round base +# Vernadsky (formerly Faraday), Galindez Island, -651445-0641526, since 1954 + +# United Kingdom +# +# British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims +# South Orkney Islands +# scientific station from 1903 +# whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926 +# South Shetland Islands +# +# year-round bases +# Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983 +# Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931, +# scientific station 1943/1967, +# previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident, +# and a garrison was deployed briefly +# Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06 +# Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated +# so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location. +# Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01 +# +# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22) +# <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year. +# +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - -00 1976 Dec 1 + -3:00 - -03 + +# Uruguay - year round base +# Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107 + +# USA - year-round bases +# +# Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968) +# See 'southamerica' for Antarctica/Palmer, since it uses South American DST. +# +# McMurdo Station, Ross Island, since 1955-12 +# Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20 +# +# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27): +# Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station, +# stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station, +# but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12 +# as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound, +# which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year +# at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90° South.) +# +# From Susan Smith +# http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html +# (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available): +# We use the same time as McMurdo does. +# And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does.... +# One last quirk about South Pole time. +# All the electric clocks are usually wrong. +# Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something +# makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days, +# we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so. +# Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!! +# +# See Pacific/Auckland. @@ -0,0 +1,4149 @@ +# tzdb data for Asia and environs + +# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of +# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. + +# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, +# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to +# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see +# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. + +# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-11): +# +# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: +# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), +# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). +# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. +# +# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source +# for time zone data was the International Air Transport +# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), +# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries +# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, +# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. +# +# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, +# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which +# I found in the UCLA library. +# +# For data circa 1899, a common source is: +# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. +# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 +# +# For Russian data circa 1919, a source is: +# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. +# (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.) +# +# The following alphabetic abbreviations appear in these tables +# (corrections are welcome): +# std dst +# LMT Local Mean Time +# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time +# 2:00 IST IDT Israel +# 5:30 IST India +# 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat) +# 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah) +# 8:00 CST China +# 8:00 HKT HKST Hong Kong (HKWT* for Winter Time in late 1941) +# 8:00 PST PDT* Philippines +# 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830 +# 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur) +# 9:00 JST JDT Japan +# 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09 +# *I invented the abbreviations HKWT and PDT; see below. +# Otherwise, these tables typically use numeric abbreviations like +03 +# and +0330 for integer hour and minute UT offsets. Although earlier +# editions invented alphabetic time zone abbreviations for every +# offset, this did not reflect common practice. +# +# See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. + +# From Guy Harris: +# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as +# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental +# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - +# Worldwide Edition). + +############################################################################### + +# These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file. +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S +Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - +Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - +Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 - +Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - +Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - +Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 - +Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule RussiaAsia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - +Rule RussiaAsia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - + +# Afghanistan +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 + 4:00 - +04 1945 + 4:30 - +0430 + +# Armenia +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) +# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then +# readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even +# when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz +# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST +# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that +# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, +# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. + +# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): +# While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to +# follow Russia's "old" rules. + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10): +# According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012, +# http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html +# +# The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the +# Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of +# Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time. +# or +# (brief) +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Armenia 2011 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - +Rule Armenia 2011 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1995 Sep 24 2:00s + 4:00 - +04 1997 + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2011 + 4:00 Armenia +04/+05 + +# Azerbaijan + +# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): +# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 +# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17). +# http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17): +# ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to +# daylight saving time.... +# https://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html +# http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html +# http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 - +Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s + 4:00 - +04 1996 + 4:00 EUAsia +04/+05 1997 + 4:00 Azer +04/+05 + +# Bangladesh +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): +# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce +# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 +# +# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 +# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html +# +# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from +# June +# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with +# crippling power crisis. " +# +# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if +# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): +# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between +# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. +# +# Some sources: +# https://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 +# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 +# +# Our wrap-up: +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html + +# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): +# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start +# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh +# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). +# +# No DST end date has been announced yet. + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): +# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, +# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. +# +# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": +# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" +# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): +# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: +# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make +# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would +# "continue for an indefinite period." +# +# One of many places where it is published: +# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24): +# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," +# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009. +# +# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night. +# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228 +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html +# +# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour +# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31, +# 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime +# Minister's Office last night..." + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22): +# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," +# Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time +# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817 +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 - +Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 - + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 + 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? + 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 15 + 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep + 6:30 - +0630 1951 Sep 30 + 6:00 - +06 2009 + 6:00 Dhaka +06/+07 + +# Bhutan +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu + 5:30 - +0530 1987 Oct + 6:00 - +06 + +# British Indian Ocean Territory +# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the +# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. +# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; +# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which +# then contained the Chagos Archipelago). +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 + 5:00 - +05 1996 + 6:00 - +06 + +# Cocos (Keeling) Islands +# Myanmar (Burma) + +# Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon. + +# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20): +# Page 27 of Reed & Low (cited for Asia/Kolkata) says "Rangoon local time is +# used upon the railways and telegraphs of Burma, and is 6h. 24m. 47s. ahead +# of Greenwich." This refers to the period before Burma's transition to +0630, +# a transition for which Shanks is the only source. + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:47 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon + 6:24:47 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon local time + 6:30 - +0630 1942 May + 9:00 - +09 1945 May 3 + 6:30 - +0630 + +# China + +# From Phake Nick (2020-04-15): +# According to this news report: +# http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2004-09-01/19524201403.shtml +# on April 11, 1919, newspaper in Shanghai said clocks in Shanghai will spring +# forward for an hour starting from midnight of that Saturday. The report did +# not mention what happened in Shanghai thereafter, but it mentioned that a +# similar trial in Tianjin which ended at October 1st as citizens are told to +# recede the clock on September 30 from 12:00pm to 11:00pm. The trial at +# Tianjin got terminated in 1920. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2020-04-15): +# The Returns of Trade and Trade Reports, page 711, says "Daylight saving was +# given a trial during the year, and from the 12th April to the 1st October +# the clocks were all set one hour ahead of sun time. Though the scheme was +# generally esteemed a success, it was announced early in 1920 that it would +# not be repeated." +# +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Shang 1919 only - Apr 12 24:00 1:00 D +Rule Shang 1919 only - Sep 30 24:00 0 S + +# From Paul Eggert (2018-10-02): +# The following comes from Table 1 of: +# Li Yu. Research on the daylight saving movement in 1940s Shanghai. +# Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences. 2014;(2):144-50. +# http://oversea.cnki.net/kns55/detail.aspx?dbname=CJFD2014&filename=NJSH201402020 +# The table lists dates only; I am guessing 00:00 and 24:00 transition times. +# Also, the table lists the planned end of DST in 1949, but the corresponding +# zone line cuts this off on May 28, when the Communists took power. + +# From Phake Nick (2020-04-15): +# +# For the history of time in Shanghai between 1940-1942, the situation is +# actually slightly more complex than the table [below].... At the time, +# there were three different authorities in Shanghai, including Shanghai +# International Settlement, a settlement established by western countries with +# its own westernized form of government, Shanghai French Concession, similar +# to the international settlement but is controlled by French, and then the +# rest of the city of Shanghai, which have already been controlled by Japanese +# force through a puppet local government (Wang Jingwei regime). It was +# additionally complicated by the circumstances that, according to the 1940s +# Shanghai summer time essay cited in the database, some +# departments/businesses/people in the Shanghai city itself during that time +# period, refused to change their clock and instead only changed their opening +# hours. +# +# For example, as quoted in the article, in 1940, other than the authority +# itself, power, tram, bus companies, cinema, department stores, and other +# public service organizations have all decided to follow the summer time and +# spring forward the clock. On the other hand, the custom office refused to +# spring forward the clock because of worry on mechanical wear to the physical +# clock, postal office refused to spring forward because of disruption to +# business and log-keeping, although they did changed their office hour to +# match rest of the city. So is travel agents, and also weather +# observatory. It is said both time standards had their own supporters in the +# city at the time, those who prefer new time standard would have moved their +# clock while those who prefer the old time standard would keep their clock +# unchange, and there were different clocks that use different time standard +# in the city at the time for people who use different time standard to adjust +# their clock to their preferred time. +# +# a. For the 1940 May 31 spring forward, the essay [says] ... "Hong +# Kong government implemented the spring forward in the same time on +# the same date as Shanghai". +# +# b. For the 1940 fall back, it was said that they initially intended to do +# so on September 30 00:59 at night, however they postponed it to October 12 +# after discussion with relevant parties. However schools restored to the +# original schedule ten days earlier. +# +# c. For the 1941 spring forward, it is said to start from March 15 +# "following the previous year's method", and in addition to that the essay +# cited an announcement in 1941 from the Wang regime which said the Special +# City of Shanghai under Wang regime control will follow the DST rule set by +# the Settlements, irrespective of the original DST plan announced by the Wang +# regime for other area under its control(April 1 to September 30). (no idea +# to situation before that announcement) +# +# d. For the 1941 fall back, it was said that the fall back would occurs at +# the end of September (A newspaper headline cited by the essay, published on +# October 1, 1941, have the headlines which said "French Concession would +# rewind to the old clock this morning), but it ultimately didn't happen due +# to disagreement between the international settlement authority and the +# French concession authority, and the fall back ultimately occurred on +# November 1. +# +# e. In 1941 December, Japan have officially started war with the United +# States and the United Kingdom, and in Shanghai they have marched into the +# international settlement, taken over its control +# +# f. For the 1942 spring forward, the essay said that the spring forward +# started on January 31. It said this time the custom office and postal +# department will also change their clocks, unlike before. +# +# g. The essay itself didn't cover any specific changes thereafter until the +# end of the war, it quoted a November 1942 command from the government of the +# Wang regime, which claim the daylight saving time applies year round during +# the war. However, the essay ambiguously said the period is "February 1 to +# September 30", which I don't really understand what is the meaning of such +# period in the context of year round implementation here.. More researches +# might be needed to show exactly what happened during that period of time. + +# From Phake Nick (2020-04-15): +# According to a Japanese tour bus pamphlet in Nanjing area believed to be +# from around year 1941: http://www.tt-museum.jp/tairiku_0280_nan1941.html , +# the schedule listed was in the format of Japanese time. Which indicate some +# use of the Japanese time (instead of syncing by DST) might have occurred in +# the Yangtze river delta area during that period of time although the scope +# of such use will need to be investigated to determine. +# +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Shang 1940 only - Oct 12 24:00 0 S +Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Shang 1941 only - Nov 1 24:00 0 S +Rule Shang 1942 only - Jan 31 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Shang 1945 only - Sep 1 24:00 0 S +Rule Shang 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Shang 1946 only - Sep 30 24:00 0 S +Rule Shang 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Shang 1947 only - Oct 31 24:00 0 S +Rule Shang 1948 1949 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Shang 1948 1949 - Sep 30 24:00 0 S #plan + +# From Guy Harris: +# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. + +# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): +# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though +# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the +# Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China +# has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of +# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. +# +# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too +# painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for +# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): +# +# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 +# 1987 mid-April - ?? + +# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): +# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN +# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 + +# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): +# Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight +# time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began +# observing daylight saving time in 1986. + +# From P Chan (2018-05-07): +# The start and end time of DST in China [from 1986 on] should be 2:00 +# (i.e. 2:00 to 3:00 at the start and 2:00 to 1:00 at the end).... +# Government notices about summer time: +# +# 1986-04-12 http://www.zj.gov.cn/attach/zfgb/198608.pdf p.21-22 +# (To establish summer time from 1986. On 4 May, set the clocks ahead one hour +# at 2 am. On 14 September, set the clocks backward one hour at 2 am.) +# +# 1987-02-15 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1987/gwyb198703.pdf p.114 +# (Summer time in 1987 to start from 12 April until 13 September) +# +# 1987-09-09 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1987/gwyb198721.pdf p.709 +# (From 1988, summer time to start from 2 am of the first Sunday of mid-April +# until 2 am of the first Sunday of mid-September) +# +# 1992-03-03 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1992/gwyb199205.pdf p.152 +# (To suspend summer time from 1992) +# +# The first page of People's Daily on 12 April 1988 stating that summer time +# to begin on 17 April. +# http://data.people.com.cn/pic/101p/1988/04/1988041201.jpg + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 2:00 1:00 D +Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 2:00 0 S +Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=11 2:00 1:00 D + +# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): +# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five +# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official +# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). +# +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14): +# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the +# https://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county +# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two +# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, +# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are +# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege +# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 +# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two +# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. + +# From Paul Eggert (2017-01-05): +# Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources: +# +# (1) +# Guo Qing-sheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) +# Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC +# China Historical Materials of Science and Technology +# (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料). 2003;24(1):5-9. +# http://oversea.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?filename=ZGKS200301000&dbname=CJFD2003 +# It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was +# officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the +# evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not +# been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar +# time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued +# to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the +# observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it +# could well have ignored any such mandate. +# +# (2) +# Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) +# A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China +# [undated and unknown publication location] +# It says several things: +# * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China. +# * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective +# the official calendar book of 1914. +# * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in +# French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei) +# Observatory and set to local mean time. +# * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8. +# * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers) +# eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it +# became used by railways as well. +# * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into +# five time zones (see below for details). This caught on +# at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8. +# * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice +# this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in +# Japanese-occupied territory. +# * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time. +# * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into +# place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear +# how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control. +# * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war. +# +# An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the +# Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is +# different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour +# ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the +# Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08. +# +# In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but +# this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger. +# This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and +# Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility. +# Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice +# mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were: +# +# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30 +# Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here. +# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin +# +# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08 +# Now part of Asia/Shanghai. +# most of China +# Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time.... +# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century". +# +# Long-shu Time (probably as Long and Shu were two names of the area) UT +07 +# Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here. +# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; +# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; east Qinghai; and the Guangdong +# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, +# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. +# +# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06 +# This region is now part of either Asia/Urumqi or Asia/Shanghai with +# current boundaries uncertain; times before 1970 for areas that +# disagree with Ürümqi or Shanghai are not recorded here. +# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; +# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, +# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; +# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; +# east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, +# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, +# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, +# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. +# +# Kunlun Time UT +05:30 +# This region is now in the same status as Xin-zang Time (see above). +# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; +# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, +# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, +# and Yarkand. + +# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17): +# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in +# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time, +# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on +# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese +# they implicitly use Beijing time. +# +# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the +# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two +# hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang +# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as +# local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in +# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as +# "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language +# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time. +# +# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its +# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in +# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.) +# +# (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990 +# or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with +# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same +# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and +# others moving their clocks ahead.) + +# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): +# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common +# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols): +# +# 1. Wulumuqi... +# 2. Kashi... +# 3. Urumqi... +# 4. Kashgar... +# ... +# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the +# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding +# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. +# +# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any +# start date for Xinjiang time. +# +# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally +# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur +# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also +# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) + +# From David Cochrane (2014-03-26): +# Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986: +# https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html + +# From Luther Ma (2014-04-22): +# I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from +# different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's +# report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David +# Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially +# recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least +# the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time; +# and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers +# to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some +# population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only +# problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as +# having the same time as Beijing. + +# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): +# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06) +# but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun, +# Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN +# 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x. +# As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone. +# +# Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see +# "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government" +# <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22). +# Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986. +# During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty, +# the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan +# Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of +# China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be +# quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to +# UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren, +# which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a +# guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before +# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and +# that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the +# +08 mandate back then. + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +# Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai. + #STDOFF 8:05:43.2 +Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901 + 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 May 28 + 8:00 PRC C%sT +# Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi +# / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.) +Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 + 6:00 - +06 + +# Hong Kong + +# Milne gives 7:36:41.7. + +# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): +# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong +# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, +# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, +# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing +# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I +# think 3:30 is correct. + +# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): +# According to Singaporean newspaper +# http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/singfreepresswk19041102-1.2.37 +# the day that Hong Kong start using GMT+8 should be Oct 30, 1904. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-17): +# Hong Kong had a time ball near the Marine Police Station, Tsim Sha Tsui. +# "The ball was raised manually each day and dropped at exactly 1pm +# (except on Sundays and Government holidays)." +# Dyson AD. From Time Ball to Atomic Clock. Hong Kong Government. 1983. +# <https://www.hko.gov.hk/publica/gen_pub/timeball_atomic_clock.pdf> +# "From 1904 October 30 the time-ball at Hong Kong has been dropped by order +# of the Governor of the Colony at 17h 0m 0s G.M.T., which is 23m 18s.14 in +# advance of 1h 0m 0s of Hong Kong mean time." +# Hollis HP. Universal Time, Longitudes, and Geodesy. Mon Not R Astron Soc. +# 1905-02-10;65(4):405-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/65.4.382 +# +# From Joseph Myers (2018-11-18): +# An astronomer before 1925 referring to GMT would have been using the old +# astronomical convention where the day started at noon, not midnight. +# +# From Steve Allen (2018-11-17): +# Meteorological Observations made at the Hongkong Observatory in the year 1904 +# page 4 <https://books.google.com/books?id=kgw5AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA4-PA4> +# ... the log of drop times in Table II shows that on Sunday 1904-10-30 the +# ball was dropped. So that looks like a special case drop for the sake +# of broadcasting the new local time. +# +# From Phake Nick (2018-11-18): +# According to The Hong Kong Weekly Press, 1904-10-29, p.324, the +# governor of Hong Kong at the time stated that "We are further desired to +# make it known that the change will be effected by firing the gun and by the +# dropping of the Ball at 23min. 18sec. before one." +# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): +# See <https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk> for this; unfortunately Flash is required. + +# From Phake Nick (2018-10-26): +# I went to check microfilm records stored at Hong Kong Public Library.... +# on September 30 1941, according to Ta Kung Pao (Hong Kong edition), it was +# stated that fallback would occur on the next day (the 1st)'s "03:00 am (Hong +# Kong Time 04:00 am)" and the clock will fall back for a half hour. (03:00 +# probably refer to the time commonly used in mainland China at the time given +# the paper's background) ... the sunrise/sunset time given by South China +# Morning Post for October 1st was indeed moved by half an hour compares to +# before. After that, in December, the battle to capture Hong Kong started and +# the library doesn't seems to have any record stored about press during that +# period of time. Some media resumed publication soon after that within the +# same month, but there were not much information about time there. Later they +# started including a radio program guide when they restored radio service, +# explicitly mentioning it use Tokyo standard time, and later added a note +# saying it's half an hour ahead of the old Hong Kong standard time, and it +# also seems to indicate that Hong Kong was not using GMT+8 when it was +# captured by Japan. +# +# Image of related sections on newspaper: +# * 1941-09-30, Ta Kung Pao (Hong Kong), "Winter Time start tomorrow". +# https://i.imgur.com/6waY51Z.jpg (Chinese) +# * 1941-09-29, South China Morning Post, Information on sunrise/sunset +# time and other things for September 30 and October 1. +# https://i.imgur.com/kCiUR78.jpg +# * 1942-02-05. The Hong Kong News, Radio Program Guide. +# https://i.imgur.com/eVvDMzS.jpg +# * 1941-06-14. Hong Kong Daily Press, Daylight Saving from 3am Tomorrow. +# https://i.imgur.com/05KkvtC.png +# * 1941-09-30, Hong Kong Daily Press, Winter Time Warning. +# https://i.imgur.com/dge4kFJ.png + +# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-11): +# "Hong Kong winter time" is considered to be daylight saving. +# "Hong Kong had adopted daylight saving on June 15 as a wartime measure, +# clocks moving forward one hour until October 1, when they would be put back +# by just half an hour for 'Hong Kong Winter time', so that daylight saving +# operated year round." -- Low Z. The longest day: when wartime Hong Kong +# introduced daylight saving. South China Morning Post. 2019-06-28. +# https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/short-reads/article/3016281/longest-day-when-wartime-hong-kong-introduced + +# From P Chan (2018-12-31): +# * According to the Hong Kong Daylight-Saving Regulations, 1941, the +# 1941 spring-forward transition was at 03:00. +# http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkgro/view/g1941/304271.pdf +# http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkgro/view/g1941/305516.pdf +# * According to some articles from South China Morning Post, +08 was +# resumed on 1945-11-18 at 02:00. +# https://i.imgur.com/M2IsZ3c.png +# https://i.imgur.com/iOPqrVo.png +# https://i.imgur.com/fffcGDs.png +# * Some newspapers ... said the 1946 spring-forward transition was on +# 04-21 at 00:00. The Kung Sheung Evening News 1946-04-20 (Chinese) +# https://i.imgur.com/ZSzent0.png +# https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk///c/portal/cover?c=QF757YsWv5%2FH7zGe%2FKF%2BFLYsuqGhRBfe p.4 +# The Kung Sheung Daily News 1946-04-21 (Chinese) +# https://i.imgur.com/7ecmRlcm.png +# https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk///c/portal/cover?c=QF757YsWv5%2BQBGt1%2BwUj5qG2GqtwR3Wh p.4 +# * According to the Summer Time Ordinance (1946), the fallback +# transitions between 1946 and 1952 were at 03:30 Standard Time (+08) +# http://oelawhk.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/bb74b06a74d5294620a15de560ab33c6.pdf +# * Some other laws and regulations related to DST from 1953 to 1979 +# Summer Time Ordinance 1953 +# https://i.imgur.com/IOlJMav.jpg +# Summer Time (Amendment) Ordinance 1965 +# https://i.imgur.com/8rofeLa.jpg +# Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance (1966) +# https://i.imgur.com/joy3msj.jpg +# Emergency (Summer Time) Regulation 1973 <https://i.imgur.com/OpRWrKz.jpg> +# Interpretation and General Clauses (Amendment) Ordinance 1977 +# https://i.imgur.com/RaNqnc4.jpg +# Resolution of the Legislative Council passed on 9 May 1979 +# https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr78-79/english/lc_sitg/hansard/h790509.pdf#page=39 + +# From Paul Eggert (2020-04-15): +# Here are the dates given at +# https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/Summertime.htm +# as of 2020-02-10: +# Year Period +# 1941 15 Jun to 30 Sep +# 1942 Whole year +# 1943 Whole year +# 1944 Whole year +# 1945 Whole year +# 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec +# 1947 13 Apr to 30 Nov +# 1948 2 May to 31 Oct +# 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct +# 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct +# 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct +# 1952 6 Apr to 2 Nov +# 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov +# 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct +# 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov +# 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov +# 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov +# 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov +# 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov +# 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov +# 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov +# 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov +# 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov +# 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov +# 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct +# 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct +# 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct +# 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct +# 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct +# 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct +# 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct +# 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct +# 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct +# 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 +# 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct +# 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct +# 1977 Nil +# 1978 Nil +# 1979 13 May to 21 Oct +# 1980 to Now Nil +# The page does not give times of day for transitions, +# or dates for the 1942 and 1945 transitions. +# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began 1941-12-25. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 21 0:00 1:00 S +Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30s 0 - +Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30s 1:00 S +Rule HK 1947 only - Nov 30 3:30s 0 - +Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30s 1:00 S +Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct Sun>=28 3:30s 0 - +Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S +Rule HK 1953 1964 - Oct Sun>=31 3:30 0 - +Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S +Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S +Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - +Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S +Rule HK 1979 only - May 13 3:30 1:00 S +Rule HK 1979 only - Oct 21 3:30 0 - +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] + #STDOFF 7:36:41.7 +Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 29 17:00u + 8:00 - HKT 1941 Jun 15 3:00 + 8:00 1:00 HKST 1941 Oct 1 4:00 + 8:00 0:30 HKWT 1941 Dec 25 + 9:00 - JST 1945 Nov 18 2:00 + 8:00 HK HK%sT + +############################################################################### + +# Taiwan + +# From smallufo (2010-04-03): +# According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau], +# http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm +# Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30. + +# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): +# On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of +# Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that +# Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands +# (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on +# 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be +# found on Wikisource: +# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) +# ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because +# during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone +# declared officially. +# +# Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa +# Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of +# revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard +# time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in +# western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan +# territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time +# (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can +# be found on Wikisource: +# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 +# +# That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UT+9 on Oct 1, 1937. + +# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): +# I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UT+9 +# back to UT+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document +# during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time +# zone back to Western Standard Time (UT+8) on Sep 21. And in another +# history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a +# note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two +# materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And +# today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald" +# from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact +# that: +# +# 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using +# the time at 135E (GMT+9) +# +# 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan +# 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands, +# as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called +# Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8. +# +# 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the +# territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard +# Time. +# +# [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan: +# http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037 +# [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site: +# http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm +# [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475: +# http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf + +# Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03): +# I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to +# Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General +# Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ... +# [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local +# bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on +# Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more +# official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the +# top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this +# would be a good one. +# [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945: +# http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener + +# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): +# In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from +# Central Weather Bureau website was not correct. +# +# Original Bulletin: +# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF +# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.) +# +# In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that +# telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government: +# +# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431 +# +# Here is a brief translation: +# +# The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20 +# midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time +# adoption till Oct 31 midnight. +# +# The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can +# be found from historical government announcement database. + +# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03): +# As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01 +# until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger. +# Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +# Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei +Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1 + 8:00 - CST 1937 Oct 1 + 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00 + 8:00 Taiwan C%sT + +# Macau (Macao, Aomen) +# +# From P Chan (2018-05-10): +# * LegisMac +# http://legismac.safp.gov.mo/legismac/descqry/Descqry.jsf?lang=pt +# A database for searching titles of legal documents of Macau in +# Chinese and Portuguese. The term "HORÁRIO DE VERÃO" can be used for +# searching decrees about summer time. +# * Archives of Macao +# http://www.archives.gov.mo/en/bo/ +# It contains images of old official gazettes. +# * The Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau have a page listing the +# summer time history. But it is not complete and has some mistakes. +# http://www.smg.gov.mo/smg/geophysics/e_t_Summer%20Time.htm +# Macau adopted GMT+8 on 30 Oct 1904 to follow Hong Kong. Clocks were +# advanced by 25 minutes and 50 seconds. Which means the LMT used was +# +7:34:10. As stated in the "Portaria No. 204" dated 21 October 1904 +# and published in the Official Gazette on 29 October 1904. +# http://igallery.icm.gov.mo/Images/Archives/BO/MO_AH_PUB_BO_1904_10/MO_AH_PUB_BO_1904_10_00025_Grey.JPG +# +# Therefore the 1911 decree of Portugal did not change time in Macau. +# +# From LegisMac, here is a list of decrees that changed the time ... +# [Decree Gazette-no. date; titles omitted in this quotation] +# DIL 732 BOCM 51 1941.12.20 +# DIL 764 BOCM 9S 1942.04.30 +# DIL 781 BOCM 21 1942.10.10 +# PT 3434 BOCM 8S 1943.04.17 +# PT 3504 BOCM 20 1943.09.25 +# PT 3843 BOCM 39 1945.09.29 +# PT 3961 BOCM 17 1946.04.27 +# PT 4026 BOCM 39 1946.09.28 +# PT 4153 BOCM 16 1947.04.10 +# PT 4271 BOCM 48 1947.11.29 +# PT 4374 BOCM 18 1948.05.01 +# PT 4465 BOCM 44 1948.10.30 +# PT 4590 BOCM 14 1949.04.02 +# PT 4666 BOCM 44 1949.10.29 +# PT 4771 BOCM 12 1950.03.25 +# PT 4838 BOCM 43 1950.10.28 +# PT 4946 BOCM 12 1951.03.24 +# PT 5025 BO 43 1951.10.27 +# PT 5149 BO 14 1952.04.05 +# PT 5251 BO 43 1952.10.25 +# PT 5366 BO 13 1953.03.28 +# PT 5444 BO 44 1953.10.31 +# PT 5540 BO 12 1954.03.20 +# PT 5589 BO 44 1954.10.30 +# PT 5676 BO 12 1955.03.19 +# PT 5739 BO 45 1955.11.05 +# PT 5823 BO 11 1956.03.17 +# PT 5891 BO 44 1956.11.03 +# PT 5981 BO 12 1957.03.23 +# PT 6064 BO 43 1957.10.26 +# PT 6172 BO 12 1958.03.22 +# PT 6243 BO 43 1958.10.25 +# PT 6341 BO 12 1959.03.21 +# PT 6411 BO 43 1959.10.24 +# PT 6514 BO 11 1960.03.12 +# PT 6584 BO 44 1960.10.29 +# PT 6721 BO 10 1961.03.11 +# PT 6815 BO 43 1961.10.28 +# PT 6947 BO 10 1962.03.10 +# PT 7080 BO 43 1962.10.27 +# PT 7218 BO 12 1963.03.23 +# PT 7340 BO 43 1963.10.26 +# PT 7491 BO 11 1964.03.14 +# PT 7664 BO 43 1964.10.24 +# PT 7846 BO 15 1965.04.10 +# PT 7979 BO 42 1965.10.16 +# PT 8146 BO 15 1966.04.09 +# PT 8252 BO 41 1966.10.08 +# PT 8429 BO 15 1967.04.15 +# PT 8540 BO 41 1967.10.14 +# PT 8735 BO 15 1968.04.13 +# PT 8860 BO 41 1968.10.12 +# PT 9035 BO 16 1969.04.19 +# PT 9156 BO 42 1969.10.18 +# PT 9328 BO 15 1970.04.11 +# PT 9418 BO 41 1970.10.10 +# PT 9587 BO 14 1971.04.03 +# PT 9702 BO 41 1971.10.09 +# PT 38-A/72 BO 14 1972.04.01 +# PT 126-A/72 BO 41 1972.10.07 +# PT 61/73 BO 14 1973.04.07 +# PT 182/73 BO 40 1973.10.06 +# PT 282/73 BO 51 1973.12.22 +# PT 177/74 BO 41 1974.10.12 +# PT 51/75 BO 15 1975.04.12 +# PT 173/75 BO 41 1975.10.11 +# PT 67/76/M BO 14 1976.04.03 +# PT 169/76/M BO 41 1976.10.09 +# PT 78/79/M BO 19 1979.05.12 +# PT 166/79/M BO 42 1979.10.20 +# Note that DIL 732 does not belong to "HORÁRIO DE VERÃO" according to +# LegisMac.... Note that between 1942 and 1945, the time switched +# between GMT+9 and GMT+10. Also in 1965 and 1965 the DST ended at 2:30am. + +# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-10): +# The 1904 decree says that Macau changed from the meridian of +# Fortaleza do Monte, presumably the basis for the 7:34:10 for LMT. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Macau 1942 1943 - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 - +Rule Macau 1942 only - Nov 17 23:00 0 - +Rule Macau 1943 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 S +Rule Macau 1946 only - Apr 30 23:00s 1:00 D +Rule Macau 1946 only - Sep 30 23:00s 0 S +Rule Macau 1947 only - Apr 19 23:00s 1:00 D +Rule Macau 1947 only - Nov 30 23:00s 0 S +Rule Macau 1948 only - May 2 23:00s 1:00 D +Rule Macau 1948 only - Oct 31 23:00s 0 S +Rule Macau 1949 1950 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 D +Rule Macau 1949 1950 - Oct lastSat 23:00s 0 S +Rule Macau 1951 only - Mar 31 23:00s 1:00 D +Rule Macau 1951 only - Oct 28 23:00s 0 S +Rule Macau 1952 1953 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 D +Rule Macau 1952 only - Nov 1 23:00s 0 S +Rule Macau 1953 1954 - Oct lastSat 23:00s 0 S +Rule Macau 1954 1956 - Mar Sat>=17 23:00s 1:00 D +Rule Macau 1955 only - Nov 5 23:00s 0 S +Rule Macau 1956 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 03:30 0 S +Rule Macau 1957 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 03:30 1:00 D +Rule Macau 1965 1973 - Apr Sun>=16 03:30 1:00 D +Rule Macau 1965 1966 - Oct Sun>=16 02:30 0 S +Rule Macau 1967 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 03:30 0 S +Rule Macau 1973 only - Dec 30 03:30 1:00 D +Rule Macau 1975 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 03:30 1:00 D +Rule Macau 1979 only - May 13 03:30 1:00 D +Rule Macau 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 03:30 0 S + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:10 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 + 8:00 - CST 1941 Dec 21 23:00 + 9:00 Macau +09/+10 1945 Sep 30 24:00 + 8:00 Macau C%sT + + +############################################################################### + +# Cyprus + +# Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT. +# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. + +# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-09): +# Yesterday's Cyprus Mail reports that Northern Cyprus followed Turkey's +# lead and switched from +02/+03 to +03 year-round. +# http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/09/08/two-time-zones-cyprus-turkey-will-not-turn-clocks-back-next-month/ +# +# From Even Scharning (2016-10-31): +# Looks like the time zone split in Cyprus went through last night. +# http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/10/30/cyprus-new-division-two-time-zones-now-reality/ + +# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): +# Northern Cyprus will reinstate winter time on October 29, thus +# staying in sync with the rest of Cyprus. See: Anastasiou A. +# Cyprus to remain united in time. Cyprus Mail 2017-10-17. +# https://cyprus-mail.com/2017/10/17/cyprus-remain-united-time/ + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - +Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - +Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - +Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - +Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - +Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 + 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep + 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT +Zone Asia/Famagusta 2:15:48 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 + 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep + 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 2016 Sep 8 + 3:00 - +03 2017 Oct 29 1:00u + 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT + +# Georgia +# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): +# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward +# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, +# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! +# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. +# +# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): +# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia +# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, +# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. +# +# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): +# +# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet +# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it +# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours +# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, +# Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process +# of integration into Europe. + +# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): +# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on +# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. +# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT +# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document +# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, +# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... +# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our +# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. + +# Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7. +# Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11. +# Go with Byalokoz. + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880 + 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time + 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 + 3:00 E-EurAsia +03/+04 1994 Sep lastSun + 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 1996 Oct lastSun + 4:00 1:00 +05 1997 Mar lastSun + 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 2004 Jun 27 + 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 + 4:00 - +04 + +# East Timor + +# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. + +# From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in +# East Timor may be late for its millennium +# <https://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31): +# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun +# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the +# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it +# conflicts with their way of life. + +# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): +# We don't have any record of the above attempt. +# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. + +# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General +# http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html +# (2000-08-16): +# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided +# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, +# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at +# midnight on Saturday, September 16. + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 + 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 21 23:00 + 9:00 - +09 1976 May 3 + 8:00 - +08 2000 Sep 17 0:00 + 9:00 - +09 + +# India + +# British astronomer Henry Park Hollis disliked India Standard Time's offset: +# "A new time system has been proposed for India, Further India, and Burmah. +# The scheme suggested is that the times of the meridians 5½ and 6½ hours +# east of Greenwich should be adopted in these territories. No reason is +# given why hourly meridians five hours and six hours east should not be +# chosen; a plan which would bring the time of India into harmony with +# that of almost the whole of the civilised world." +# Hollis HP. Universal Time, Longitudes, and Geodesy. Mon Not R Astron Soc. +# 1905-02-10;65(4):405-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/65.4.382 + +# From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic +# https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/ +# (2015-12-22): +# In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the +# outskirts of Bombay.... They were protesting the proposed abolition of +# local time in favor of Indian Standard Time.... Journalists called this +# dispute the "Battle of the Clocks." It lasted nearly half a century. + +# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20): +# Good luck trying to nail down old timekeeping records in India. +# "... in the nineteenth century ... Madras Observatory took its magnetic +# measurements on Göttingen time, its meteorological measurements on Madras +# (local) time, dropped its time ball on Greenwich (ocean navigator's) time, +# and distributed civil (local time)." -- Bartky IR. Selling the true time: +# 19th-century timekeeping in america. Stanford U Press (2000), 247 note 19. +# "A more potent cause of resistance to the general adoption of the present +# standard time lies in the fact that it is Madras time. The citizen of +# Bombay, proud of being 'primus in Indis' and of Calcutta, equally proud of +# his city being the Capital of India, and - for a part of the year - the Seat +# of the Supreme Government, alike look down on Madras, and refuse to change +# the time they are using, for that of what they regard as a benighted +# Presidency; while Madras, having for long given the standard time to the +# rest of India, would resist the adoption of any other Indian standard in its +# place." -- Oldham RD. On Time in India: a suggestion for its improvement. +# Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (April 1899), 49-55. +# +# "In 1870 ... Madras time - 'now used by the telegraph and regulated from the +# only government observatory' - was suggested as a standard railway time, +# first to be adopted on the Great Indian Peninsular Railway (GIPR).... +# Calcutta, Bombay, and Karachi, were to be allowed to continue with their +# local time for civil purposes." - Prasad R. Tracks of Change: Railways and +# Everyday Life in Colonial India. Cambridge University Press (2016), 145. +# +# Reed S, Low F. The Indian Year Book 1936-37. Bennett, Coleman, pp 27-8. +# https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282212 +# This lists +052110 as Madras local time used in railways, and says that on +# 1906-01-01 railways and telegraphs in India switched to +0530. Some +# municipalities retained their former time, and the time in Calcutta +# continued to depend on whether you were at the railway station or at +# government offices. Government time was at +055320 (according to Shanks) or +# at +0554 (according to the Indian Year Book). Railway time is more +# appropriate for our purposes, as it was better documented, it is what we do +# elsewhere (e.g., Europe/London before 1880), and after 1906 it was +# consistent in the region now identified by Asia/Kolkata. So, use railway +# time for 1870-1941. Shanks is our only (and dubious) source for the +# 1941-1945 data. + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1854 Jun 28 # Kolkata + 5:53:20 - HMT 1870 # Howrah Mean Time? + 5:21:10 - MMT 1906 Jan 1 # Madras local time + 5:30 - IST 1941 Oct + 5:30 1:00 +0630 1942 May 15 + 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep + 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15 + 5:30 - IST +# Since 1970 the following are like Asia/Kolkata: +# Andaman Is +# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) +# Nicobar Is + +# Indonesia +# +# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06): +# The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia +# civil time was 7:07:12.5. +# +# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: +# http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime +# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some +# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat +# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): +# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. +# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in +# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and +# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus +# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. +# These would be the earliest possible times for a change. +# Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions +# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched +# from UT +09 to +07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura +# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura +# switched on 1945-09-23. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11): +# Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in +# Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even +# when writing in English. For example, see the English-language +# summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the +# Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology, +# Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29). +# The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are: +# +# WIB - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time) +# WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time) +# WIT - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time) +# +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +# Java, Sumatra + #STDOFF 7:07:12.5 +Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 +# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, +# but this must be a typo. + 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 16:40u # Batavia + 7:20 - +0720 1932 Nov + 7:30 - +0730 1942 Mar 23 + 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 + 7:30 - +0730 1948 May + 8:00 - +08 1950 May + 7:30 - +0730 1964 + 7:00 - WIB +# west and central Borneo +Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May + 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT + 7:30 - +0730 1942 Jan 29 + 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 + 7:30 - +0730 1948 May + 8:00 - +08 1950 May + 7:30 - +0730 1964 + 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1 + 7:00 - WIB +# Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo +Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 + 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT + 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 9 + 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 + 8:00 - WITA +# Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua +Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov + 9:00 - +09 1944 Sep 1 + 9:30 - +0930 1964 + 9:00 - WIT + +# Iran + +# From Roozbeh Pournader (2022-05-30): +# Here's an order from the Cabinet to the rest of the government to switch to +# Tehran time, which is mentioned to be already at +03:30: +# https://qavanin.ir/Law/TreeText/180138 +# Just in case that goes away, I also saved a copy at archive.org: +# https://web.archive.org/web/20220530111940/https://qavanin.ir/Law/TreeText/180138 +# Here's my translation: +# +# "Circular on Matching the Hours of Governmental and Official Circles +# in Provinces +# Approved 1314/03/22 [=1935-06-13] +# According to the ruling of the Honorable Cabinet, it is ordered that from +# now on in all internal provinces of the country, governmental and official +# circles set their time to match Tehran time (three hours and half before +# Greenwich).... +# +# I still haven't found out when Tehran itself switched to +03:30.... +# +# From Paul Eggert (2022-06-05): +# Although the above says Tehran was at +03:30 before 1935-06-13, we don't +# know when it switched to +03:30. For now, use 1935-06-13 as the switch date. +# Although most likely wrong, we have no better info. + +# From Roozbeh Pournader (2022-06-01): +# This is from Kayhan newspaper, one of the major Iranian newspapers, from +# March 20, 1978, page 2: +# +# "Pull the clocks 60 minutes forward +# As we informed before, from the fourth day of the month Farvardin of the +# new year [=1978-03-24], clocks will be pulled forward, and people's daily +# work and life program will start one hour earlier than the current program. +# On the 1st day of the month Farvardin of this year [=1977-03-21], they had +# pulled the clocks forward by one hour, but in the month of Mehr +# [=1977-09-23], the clocks were pulled back by 30 minutes. +# In this way, from the 4th day of the month Farvardin, clocks will be ahead +# of the previous years by one hour and a half. +# According to the new program, during the night of 4th of Farvardin, when +# the midnight, meaning 24 o'clock is announced, the hands of the clock must +# be pulled forward by one hour and thus consider midnight 1 o'clock in the +# forenoon." +# +# This implies that in September 1977, when the daylight savings time was +# done with, Iran didn't go back to +03:30, but immediately to +04:00. +# +# +# This is from the major Iranian newspaper Ettela'at, dated [1978-08-03]..., +# page 32. It looks like they decided to get the clocks back to +4:00 +# just in time for Ramadan that year: +# +# "Tomorrow Night, Pull the Clocks Back by One Hour +# At 1 o'clock in the forenoon of Saturday 14 Mordad [=1978-08-05], the +# clocks will be pulled one hour back and instead of 1 o'clock in the +# forenoon, Radio Iran will announce 24 o'clock. +# This decision was made in the Cabinet of Ministers meeting of 25 Tir +# [=1978-07-16], [...] +# At the beginning of the year 2537 [=March 1978: Iran was using a different +# year number for a few years then, based on the Coronation of Cyrus the +# Great], the country's official time was pulled forward by one hour and now +# the official time is one hour and a half ahead compared to last year, +# because in Farvardin of last year [=March 1977], the official time was +# pulled forward one hour and this continued until the second half of last +# year [=September 1977] until in the second half of last year the official +# time was pulled back half an hour and that half hour still remains." +# +# This matches the time of the true noon published in the newspapers, as they +# clearly go from +05:00 to +04:00 after that date (which happened during a +# long weekend in Iran). + +# From Roozbeh Pournader (2022-05-31): +# [Movahedi S. Cultural preconceptions of time: Can we use operational time +# to meddle in God's Time? Comp Stud Soc Hist. 1985;27(3):385-400] +# https://www.jstor.org/stable/178704 +# Here's the quotes from the paper: +# 1. '"Iran's official time keeper moved the clock one hour forward as from +# March 22, 1977 (Farvardin 2, 2536) to make maximum use of daylight and save +# in energy consumption. Thus Iran joined such other countries as Britain in +# observing what is known as 'daylight saving.' The proposal was originally +# put forward by the Ministry of Energy, in no way having any influence on +# observing religious ceremonies. Moving time one hour forward in summer +# means that at 11:00 o'clock on March 21, the official time was set as +# midnight March 22. Then September 24 will actually begin one hour later +# than the end of September 23 [...]." Iran's time base thus continued to be +# Greenwich Mean Time plus three and one-half hours (plus four and one-half +# hours in summer).' +# +# The article sources this from Iran Almanac and Book of Facts, 1977, Tehran: +# Echo of Iran, which is on Google Books at +# https://www.google.com/books/edition/Iran_Almanac_and_Book_of_Facts/9ybVAAAAMAAJ. +# (I confirmed it by searching for snippets.) +# +# 2. "After the fall of the shah, the revolutionary government returned to +# daylight-saving time (DST) on 26 May 1979." +# +# This seems to have been announced just one day in advance, on 25 May 1979. +# +# The change in 1977 clearly seems to be the first daylight savings effort in +# Iran. But the article doesn't mention what happened in 1978 (which was +# still during the shah's government), or how things continued in 1979 +# onwards (which was during the Islamic Republic). + +# From Francis Santoni (2022-06-01): +# for Iran and 1977 the effective change is only 20 October +# (UIT No. 143 17.XI.1977) and not 23 September (UIT No. 141 13.IX.1977). +# UIT is the Operational Bulletin of International Telecommunication Union. + +# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): +# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). +# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: +# +# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] +# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] +# +# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country +# +# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], +# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] +# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, +# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers +# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and +# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: +# +# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour +# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return +# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of +# Shahrivar. +# +# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi +# +# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed +# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the +# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last +# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... +# +# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): +# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions +# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic +# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious +# plan to change that law.... +# +# From Paul Eggert (2022-06-30): +# Go with Pournader for 1935 through spring 1979, and for timestamps +# after August 1991; go with with Shanks & Pottenger for other timestamps. +# Go with Santoni's citation of the UIT for fall 1977, as 20 October 1977 +# is 28 Mehr 1356, consistent with the "Mehr" in Pournader's source. +# Assume that the UIT's "1930" is UTC, i.e., 24:00 local time. +# +# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future +# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: +# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for +# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local +# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be +# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: +# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give +# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant +# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between +# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: +# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of +# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date +# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). +# +# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): +# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: +# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm +# +# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen: +# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce +# daylight saving time ... +# https://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 +# +# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): +# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of +# Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 +# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... +# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour +# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will +# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the +# thirtieth day of Shahrivar. +# +# From Ali Mirjamali (2022-05-10): +# Official IR News Agency announcement: irna.ir/xjJ3TT +# ... +# Highlights: DST will be cancelled for the next Iranian year 1402 +# (i.e 2023-March-21) and forthcoming years. +# +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +# Work around a bug in zic 2022a and earlier. +Rule Iran 1910 only - Jan 1 00:00 0 - +# +Rule Iran 1977 only - Mar 21 23:00 1:00 - +Rule Iran 1977 only - Oct 20 24:00 0 - +Rule Iran 1978 only - Mar 24 24:00 1:00 - +Rule Iran 1978 only - Aug 5 01:00 0 - +Rule Iran 1979 only - May 26 24:00 1:00 - +Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 18 24:00 0 - +Rule Iran 1980 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - +Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 22 24:00 0 - +Rule Iran 1991 only - May 2 24:00 1:00 - +Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - +Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - +Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - +Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - +Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - +Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - +Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - +Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - +Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - +Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - +Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - +Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - +Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - +Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - +Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - +Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - +Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - +Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - +Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - +Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - +Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - +Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - +Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - +Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - +Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - +Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - +Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - +Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - +Rule Iran 2021 2022 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - +Rule Iran 2021 2022 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 + 3:25:44 - TMT 1935 Jun 13 # Tehran Mean Time + 3:30 Iran +0330/+0430 1977 Oct 20 24:00 + 4:00 Iran +04/+05 1979 + 3:30 Iran +0330/+0430 + + +# Iraq +# +# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): +# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in +# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: +# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and +# are an hour ahead of Baghdad." +# +# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: +# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi +# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred +# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone +# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. +# +# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): +# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following +# news sources (in Arabic): +# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html +# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 +# +# We have published a short article in English about the change: +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - +Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 - +# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo. +# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. +# +Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 - +Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 - +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 + 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? + 3:00 - +03 1982 May + 3:00 Iraq +03/+04 + + +############################################################################### + +# Israel + +# For more info about the motivation for DST in Israel, see: +# Barak Y. Israel's Daylight Saving Time controversy. Israel Affairs. +# 2020-08-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2020.1806564 + +# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): +# +# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three +# different abbreviations in use: +# +# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] +# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] +# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] +# +# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, +# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, +# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with +# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go +# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone +# settings in Israeli computers. +# +# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, +# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's +# family is from India). + +# From P Chan (2020-10-27), with corrections: +# +# 1940-1946 Supplement No. 2 to the Palestine Gazette +# # issue page Order No. dated start end note +# 1 1010 729 67 of 1940 1940-05-22 1940-05-31* 1940-09-30* revoked by #2 +# 2 1013 758 73 of 1940 1940-05-31 1940-05-31 1940-09-30 +# 3 1055 1574 196 of 1940 1940-11-06 1940-11-16 1940-12-31 +# 4 1066 1811 208 of 1940 1940-12-17 1940-12-31 1941-12-31 +# 5 1156 1967 116 of 1941 1941-12-16 1941-12-31 1942-12-31* amended by #6 +# 6 1228 1608 86 of 1942 1942-10-14 1941-12-31 1942-10-31 +# 7 1256 279 21 of 1943 1943-03-18 1943-03-31 1943-10-31 +# 8 1323 249 19 of 1944 1944-03-13 1944-03-31 1944-10-31 +# 9 1402 328 20 of 1945 1945-04-05 1945-04-15 1945-10-31 +#10 1487 596 14 of 1946 1946-04-04 1946-04-15 1946-10-31 +# +# 1948 Iton Rishmi (Official Gazette of the Provisional Government) +# # issue page dated start end +#11 2 7 1948-05-20 1948-05-22 1948-10-31* +# ^This moved timezone to +04, replaced by #12 from 1948-08-31 24:00 GMT. +#12 17 (Annex B) 84 1948-08-22 1948-08-31 1948-10-31 +# +# 1949-2000 Kovetz HaTakanot (Collection of Regulations) +# # issue page dated start end note +#13 6 133 1949-03-23 1949-04-30 1949-10-31 +#14 80 755 1950-03-17 1950-04-15 1950-09-14 +#15 164 782 1951-03-22 1951-03-31 1951-09-29* amended by #16 +#16 206 1940 1951-09-23 ---------- 1951-10-22* amended by #17 +#17 212 78 1951-10-19 ---------- 1951-11-10 +#18 254 652 1952-03-03 1952-04-19 1952-09-27* amended by #19 +#19 300 11 1952-09-15 ---------- 1952-10-18 +#20 348 817 1953-03-03 1953-04-11 1953-09-12 +#21 420 385 1954-02-17 1954-06-12 1954-09-11 +#22 497 548 1955-01-14 1955-06-11 1955-09-10 +#23 591 608 1956-03-12 1956-06-02 1956-09-29 +#24 680 957 1957-02-08 1957-04-27 1957-09-21 +#25 3192 1418 1974-06-28 1974-07-06 1974-10-12 +#26 3322 1389 1975-04-03 1975-04-19 1975-08-30 +#27 4146 2089 1980-07-15 1980-08-02 1980-09-13 +#28 4604 1081 1984-02-22 1984-05-05* 1984-08-25* revoked by #29 +#29 4619 1312 1984-04-06 1984-05-05 1984-08-25 +#30 4744 475 1984-12-23 1985-04-13 1985-09-14* amended by #31 +#31 4851 1848 1985-08-18 ---------- 1985-08-31 +#32 4932 899 1986-04-22 1986-05-17 1986-09-06 +#33 5013 580 1987-02-15 1987-04-18* 1987-08-22* revoked by #34 +#34 5021 744 1987-03-30 1987-04-14 1987-09-12 +#35 5096 659 1988-02-14 1988-04-09 1988-09-03 +#36 5167 514 1989-02-03 1989-04-29 1989-09-02 +#37 5248 375 1990-01-23 1990-03-24 1990-08-25 +#38 5335 612 1991-02-10 1991-03-09* 1991-08-31 amended by #39 +# 1992-03-28 1992-09-05 +#39 5339 709 1991-03-04 1991-03-23 ---------- +#40 5506 503 1993-02-18 1993-04-02 1993-09-05 +# 1994-04-01 1994-08-28 +# 1995-03-31 1995-09-03 +#41 5731 438 1996-01-01 1996-03-14 1996-09-15 +# 1997-03-13* 1997-09-18* overridden by 1997 Temp Prov +# 1998-03-19* 1998-09-17* revoked by #42 +#42 5853 1243 1997-09-18 1998-03-19 1998-09-05 +#43 5937 77 1998-10-18 1999-04-02 1999-09-03 +# 2000-04-14* 2000-09-15* revoked by #44 +# 2001-04-13* 2001-09-14* revoked by #44 +#44 6024 39 2000-03-14 2000-04-14 2000-10-22* overridden by 2000 Temp Prov +# 2001-04-06* 2001-10-10* overridden by 2000 Temp Prov +# 2002-03-29* 2002-10-29* overridden by 2000 Temp Prov +# +# These are laws enacted by the Knesset since the Minister could only alter the +# transition dates at least six months in advanced under the 1992 Law. +# dated start end +# 1997 Temporary Provisions 1997-03-06 1997-03-20 1997-09-13 +# 2000 Temporary Provisions 2000-07-28 ---------- 2000-10-06 +# 2001-04-09 2001-09-24 +# 2002-03-29 2002-10-07 +# 2003-03-28 2003-10-03 +# 2004-04-07 2004-09-22 +# Note: +# Transition times in 1940-1957 (#1-#24) were midnight GMT, +# in 1974-1998 (#25-#42 and the 1997 Temporary Provisions) were midnight, +# in 1999-April 2000 (#43,#44) were 02:00, +# in the 2000 Temporary Provisions were 01:00. +# +# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Links: +# 1 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537490&increment=687 +# 2 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537490&increment=716 +# 3 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537491&increment=721 +# 4 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537491&increment=958 +# 5 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537502&increment=558 +# 6 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537511&increment=105 +# 7 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537516&increment=278 +# 8 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537522&increment=248 +# 9 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537530&increment=329 +#10 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537537&increment=601 +#11 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law12/er-002.pdf#page=3 +#12 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law12/er-017-t2.pdf#page=4 +#13 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0006.pdf#page=3 +#14 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0080.pdf#page=7 +#15 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0164.pdf#page=10 +#16 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0206.pdf#page=4 +#17 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0212.pdf#page=2 +#18 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0254.pdf#page=4 +#19 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0300.pdf#page=5 +#20 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0348.pdf#page=3 +#21 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0420.pdf#page=5 +#22 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0497.pdf#page=10 +#23 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0591.pdf#page=6 +#24 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0680.pdf#page=3 +#25 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-3192.pdf#page=2 +#26 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-3322.pdf#page=5 +#27 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4146.pdf#page=2 +#28 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4604.pdf#page=7 +#29 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4619.pdf#page=2 +#30 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4744.pdf#page=11 +#31 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4851.pdf#page=2 +#32 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4932.pdf#page=19 +#33 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5013.pdf#page=8 +#34 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5021.pdf#page=8 +#35 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5096.pdf#page=3 +#36 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5167.pdf#page=2 +#37 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5248.pdf#page=7 +#38 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5335.pdf#page=6 +#39 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5339.pdf#page=7 +#40 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5506.pdf#page=19 +#41 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5731.pdf#page=2 +#42 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5853.pdf#page=3 +#43 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5937.pdf#page=9 +#44 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-6024.pdf#page=4 +# +# Time Determination (Temporary Provisions) Law, 1997 +# https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law19/p201_003.htm +# +# Time Determination (Temporary Provisions) Law, 2000 +# https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law19/p201_004.htm +# +# Time Determination Law, 1992 and amendments +# https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/p201_002.htm +# https://main.knesset.gov.il/Activity/Legislation/Laws/Pages/LawPrimary.aspx?lawitemid=2001174 + +# From Paul Eggert (2020-10-27): +# Several of the midnight transitions mentioned above are ambiguous; +# are they 00:00, 00:00s, 24:00, or 24:00s? When resolving these ambiguities, +# try to minimize changes from previous tzdb versions, for lack of better info. +# Commentary from previous versions is included below, to help explain this. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Zion 1940 only - May 31 24:00u 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1940 only - Sep 30 24:00u 0 S +Rule Zion 1940 only - Nov 16 24:00u 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1942 1946 - Oct 31 24:00u 0 S +Rule Zion 1943 1944 - Mar 31 24:00u 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1945 1946 - Apr 15 24:00u 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1948 only - May 22 24:00u 2:00 DD +Rule Zion 1948 only - Aug 31 24:00u 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Oct 31 24:00u 0 S +Rule Zion 1949 only - Apr 30 24:00u 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 15 24:00u 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 14 24:00u 0 S +Rule Zion 1951 only - Mar 31 24:00u 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 10 24:00u 0 S +Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 19 24:00u 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 18 24:00u 0 S +Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 11 24:00u 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 12 24:00u 0 S +Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 12 24:00u 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 11 24:00u 0 S +Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 24:00u 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 10 24:00u 0 S +Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 2 24:00u 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 29 24:00u 0 S +Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 27 24:00u 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 21 24:00u 0 S +Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 6 24:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 12 24:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 19 24:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 30 24:00 0 S + +# From Alois Treindl (2019-03-06): +# http://www.moin.gov.il/Documents/שעון%20קיץ/clock-50-years-7-2014.pdf +# From Isaac Starkman (2019-03-06): +# Summer time was in that period in 1980 and 1984, see +# https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3951073,00.html +# You can of course read it in translation. +# I checked the local newspapers for that years. +# It started on midnight and end at 01.00 am. +# From Paul Eggert (2019-03-06): +# Also see this thread about the moin.gov.il URL: +# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-November/027194.html +Rule Zion 1980 only - Aug 2 24:00s 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1980 only - Sep 13 24:00s 0 S +Rule Zion 1984 only - May 5 24:00s 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1984 only - Aug 25 24:00s 0 S + +Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 13 24:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1985 only - Aug 31 24:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1986 only - May 17 24:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 6 24:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 14 24:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 12 24:00 0 S + +# From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05): +# I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the +# [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath +# ends and changes to Sunday. +Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 24:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 24:00 0 S + +# From Ephraim Silverberg +# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, +# and 2005-02-17): + +# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of +# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. +# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 +# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to +# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to +# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a +# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard +# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard +# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid +# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to +# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from +# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time +# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for +# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was +# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it +# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all +# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no +# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date +# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve +# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date +# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] +# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 29 24:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 2 24:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 24 24:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 25 24:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 23 24:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1991 only - Aug 31 24:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 28 24:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 5 24:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S + +# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the +# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by +# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S + +# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the +# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 +# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: +# +# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz +# +# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. +# +# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: +# +# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz +# +# where YYYY is the relevant year. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 14 24:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 15 24:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 13 24:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S + +# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for +# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the +# years 2001-2004 as well. +# +# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: +# +# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz +# +# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates +# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: +# +# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S +Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S +Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S +Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S +Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S + +# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on +# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the +# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April +# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday +# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. +# +# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: +# +# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Apr Fri<=1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S +Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S +Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S +Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S +Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S +Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S +Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S +Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S + +# From Ephraim Silverberg (2020-10-26): +# The current time law (2013) from the State of Israel can be viewed +# (in Hebrew) at: +# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/israel/announcements/2013+law.pdf +# It translates to: +# Every year, in the period from the Friday before the last Sunday in +# the month of March at 02:00 a.m. until the last Sunday of the month +# of October at 02:00 a.m., Israel Time will be advanced an additional +# hour such that it will be UTC+3. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880 + 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? + 2:00 Zion I%sT + + + +############################################################################### + +# Japan + +# '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris. + +# From Paul Eggert (2020-01-19): +# Starting in the 7th century, Japan generally followed an ancient Chinese +# timekeeping system that divided night and day into six hours each, +# with hour length depending on season. In 1873 the government +# started requiring the use of a Western style 24-hour clock. See: +# Yulia Frumer, "Making Time: Astronomical Time Measurement in Tokugawa Japan" +# <https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1043907065>. As the tzdb code and +# data support only 24-hour clocks, its tables model timestamps before +# 1873 using Western-style local mean time. + +# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): +# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical +# Observatory: 139° 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 35° 39' 16.0" N. +# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' +# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... +# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). +# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. + +# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): +# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, +# which stands for the time on 135° E. +# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central +# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard +# time", which stands for the time on 120° E.... But "western standard +# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. +# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is +# standard.... +# +# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. +# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. + +# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): +# ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause +# about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. +# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) +# +# ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which +# means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan +# Central Time (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. +# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 + +# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): +# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had +# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued +# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours." + +# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times: +# http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm +# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on +# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of +# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated +# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to +# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San +# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% +# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who +# wanted to keep it.) + +# From Takayuki Nikai (2018-01-19): +# The source of information is Japanese law. +# http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00219480428029.htm +# http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00719500331039.htm +# ... In summary, it is written as follows. From 24:00 on the first Saturday +# in May, until 0:00 on the day after the second Saturday in September. + +# From Phake Nick (2018-09-27): +# [T]he webpage authored by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan +# https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/wiki/BBFEB9EF2FB2C6BBFEB9EF.html +# ... mentioned that using Showa 23 (year 1948) as example, 13pm of September +# 11 in summer time will equal to 0am of September 12 in standard time. +# It cited a document issued by the Liaison Office which briefly existed +# during the postwar period of Japan, where the detail on implementation +# of the summer time is described in the document. +# https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/wiki/BBFEB9EF2FB2C6BBFEB9EFB2C6BBFEB9EFA4CEBCC2BBDCA4CBA4C4A4A4A4C6.pdf +# The text in the document do instruct a fall back to occur at +# September 11, 13pm in summer time, while ordinary citizens can +# change the clock before they sleep. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2018-09-27): +# This instruction is equivalent to "Sat>=8 25:00", so use that. zic treats +# it like "Sun>=9 01:00", which is not quite the same but is the best we can +# do in any POSIX or C platform. The "25:00" assumes zic from 2007 or later, +# which should be safe now. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D +Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 25:00 0 S +Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D +Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u + 9:00 Japan J%sT +# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo, +# except that Truk (Chuuk), Ponape (Pohnpei), and Jaluit (Kosrae) did not +# switch from +10 to +09 until 1941-04-01; see the 'australasia' file. + +# Jordan +# +# From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html> +# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): +# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, +# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time +# all year round. +# +# From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html> +# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): +# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back +# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! +# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in +# government's departments from six to seven hours. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): +# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. +# +# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): +# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year +# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. +# +# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: +# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm +# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". +# + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02): +# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic): +# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279 +# +# Google's translation: +# +# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely +# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday +# > of the month of March of each year. +# +# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002. + +# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06): +# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25): +# Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not +# switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST +# until about the same time next year (at least). +# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950 + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11): +# Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to +# UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight: +# http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime +# Official, in Arabic: +# http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14 +# ... Our background/permalink about it +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html +# ... +# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P +# ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future +# (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule). + +# From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11): +# As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2021-09-24): +# The Jordanian Government announced yesterday that they will start DST +# in February instead of March: +# https://petra.gov.jo/Include/InnerPage.jsp?ID=37683&lang=en&name=en_news (English) +# https://petra.gov.jo/Include/InnerPage.jsp?ID=189969&lang=ar&name=news (Arabic) +# From the Arabic version, it seems to say it would be at midnight +# (assume 24:00) on the last Thursday in February, starting from 2022. + +# From Issam Al-Zuwairi (2022-10-05): +# The Council of Ministers in Jordan decided Wednesday 5th October 2022, +# that daylight saving time (DST) will be throughout the year.... +# +# From Brian Inglis (2022-10-06): +# https://petra.gov.jo/Include/InnerPage.jsp?ID=45567&lang=en&name=en_news +# +# From Paul Eggert (2022-10-05): +# Like Syria, model this as a transition from EEST +03 (DST) to plain +03 +# (non-DST) at the point where DST would otherwise have ended. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - +Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - +Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - +Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - +Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - +Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - +Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - +Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S +Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - +Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - +Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - +Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - +Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 - +Rule Jordan 2014 2021 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S +Rule Jordan 2014 2022 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - +Rule Jordan 2022 only - Feb lastThu 24:00 1:00 S +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 + 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 2022 Oct 28 0:00s + 3:00 - +03 + + +# Kazakhstan + +# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11 +# <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21): +# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing +# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health +# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. +# +# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): +# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone +# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has +# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone +# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the +# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtöbe, Atyraū, +# Mangghystaū, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses +# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones +# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. + +# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27): +# Review of the linked documents from http://adilet.zan.kz/ +# produced the following data for post-1991 Kazakhstan: +# +# 0. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR +# from 1991-02-04 No. 20 +# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102010545 +# removed the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of the USSR +# starting with the last Sunday of March 1991. +# It also allowed (but not mandated) Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Tajik SSR, +# Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR to not have "summer" time. +# +# The 1992-01-13 act also refers to the act of the Cabinet of Ministers +# of the Kazakh SSR from 1991-03-20 No. 170 "About the act of the Cabinet +# of Ministers of the USSR from 1991-02-04 No. 20" but I didn't found its +# text. +# +# According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20 +# -- page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via +# http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564 -- on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during +# transition to "summer" time: +# Republic of Georgia, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, SSR Moldova, +# Estonian SSR; Komi ASSR; Kaliningrad oblast; Nenets autonomous okrug +# were to move clocks 1 hour forward. +# Kazakh SSR (excluding Uralsk oblast); Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Tajik +# SSR; Andijan, Jizzakh, Namangan, Sirdarya, Tashkent, Fergana oblasts +# of the Uzbek SSR were to move clocks 1 hour backwards. +# Other territories were to not move clocks. +# When the "summer" time would end on 1991-09-29, clocks were to be +# moved 1 hour backwards on the territory of the USSR excluding +# Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenia, Tajikistan. +# +# Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170 +# was one of such changes. +# +# https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Декретное_время +# claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that +# Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast) +# were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks +# forward; on 1991-09-29 Kazakhstan was to move clocks backwards. +# (Probably there were changes even after that publication. There is an +# article claiming that Kaliningrad oblast decided on 1991-03-29 to not +# move clocks.) +# +# This implies that on 1991-03-31 Asia/Oral remained on +04/+05 while +# the rest of Kazakhstan switched from +06/+07 to +05/06 or from +05/06 +# to +04/+05. It's unclear how Qyzylorda oblast moved into the fifth +# time belt. (By switching from +04/+05 to +05/+06 on 1991-09-29?) ... +# +# 1. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan +# from 1992-01-13 No. 28 +# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000028_ +# (text includes modification from the 1996 act) +# introduced new rules for calculation of time, mirroring Russian +# 1992-01-08 act. It specified that time would be calculated +# according to time belts plus extra hour ("decree time"), moved clocks +# on the whole territory of Kazakhstan 1 hour forward on 1992-01-19 at +# 2:00, specified DST rules. It acknowledged that Kazakhstan was +# located in the fourth and the fifth time belts and specified the +# border between them to be located east of Qostanay and Aktyubinsk +# oblasts (notably including Turgai and Qyzylorda oblasts into the fifth +# time belt). +# +# This means switch on 1992-01-19 at 2:00 from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for +# Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyraū and Qostanay oblasts; from +# +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk).... +# +# 2. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan +# from 1992-03-27 No. 284 +# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000284_ +# cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Qyzylorda oblasts +# since the last Sunday of March 1992, while keeping them in the fourth +# and the fifth time belts respectively. +# +# 3. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan +# from 1994-09-23 No. 384 +# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/R940000384_ +# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangghystaū +# oblast since the last Sunday of September 1994 (saying that time on +# the territory would correspond to the third time belt as a +# result).... +# +# 4. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan +# from 1996-05-08 No. 575 +# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P960000575_ +# amends the 1992-01-13 act to end summer time in October instead +# of September, mirroring identical Russian change from 1996-04-23 act. +# +# 5. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan +# from 1999-03-26 No. 305 +# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P990000305_ +# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyraū oblast since the +# last Sunday of March 1999 while retaining the oblast in the fourth +# time belt. +# +# This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05.... +# +# 6. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan +# from 2000-11-23 No. 1749 +# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P000001749_/23.11.2000 +# replaces the previous five documents. +# +# The only changes I noticed are in definition of the border between the +# fourth and the fifth time belts. They account for changes in spelling +# and administrative division (splitting of Turgai oblast in 1997 +# probably changed time in territories incorporated into Qostanay oblast +# (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Qyzylorda oblast +# from being in the fifth time belt and not using decree time into the +# fourth time belt (no change in practice). +# +# 7. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan +# from 2003-12-29 No. 1342 +# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P030001342_ +# modified the 2000-11-23 act. No relevant changes, apparently. +# +# 8. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan +# from 2004-07-20 No. 775 +# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P040000775_/20.07.2004 +# modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Qostanay and Qyzylorda oblasts into +# the fifth time belt and add Aktobe oblast to the list of regions not +# using extra hour ("decree time"), leaving Kazakhstan with only 2 time +# zones (+04/+05 and +06/+07). The changes were to be implemented +# during DST transitions in 2004 and 2005 but the acts got radically +# amended before implementation happened. +# +# 9. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan +# from 2004-09-15 No. 1059 +# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P040001059_ +# modified the 2000-11-23 act to remove exceptions from the "decree time" +# (leaving Kazakhstan in +05/+06 and +06/+07 zones), amended the +# 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyraū, West Kazakhstan, +# Qostanay, Qyzylorda and Mangghystaū oblasts by not moving clocks +# during the 2004 transition to "winter" time. +# +# This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyraū oblast (no +# zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to +# +06/+07 for Qostanay oblast (Qostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently) +# and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00.... +# +# 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan +# from 2005-03-15 No. 231 +# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_ +# removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the +# (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15 +# acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication. +# The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer +# time. +# +# Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation +# No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details]. +# Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27 +# act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992. + +# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-08): +# Turgai reorganization should affect only southern part of Qostanay +# oblast. Which should probably be separated into Asia/Arkalyk zone. +# (There were also 1970, 1988 and 1990 Turgai oblast reorganizations +# according to wikipedia.) +# +# [For Qostanay] http://www.ng.kz/gazeta/195/hranit/ +# suggests that clocks were to be moved 40 minutes backwards on +# 1920-01-01 to the fourth time belt. But I do not understand +# how that could happen.... +# +# [For Atyrau and Oral] 1919 decree +# (http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-1919-02-08.html +# and in Byalokoz) lists Ural river (plus 10 versts on its left bank) in +# the third time belt (before 1930 this means +03). + +# From Alexander Konzurovski (2018-12-20): +# (Asia/Qyzylorda) is changing its time zone from UTC+6 to UTC+5 +# effective December 21st, 2018.... +# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P1800000817 (russian language). + +# From Zhanbolat Raimbekov (2024-01-19): +# Kazakhstan (all parts) switching to UTC+5 on March 1, 2024 +# https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mti/press/news/details/688998?lang=ru +# [in Russian] +# (2024-01-20): https://primeminister.kz/ru/decisions/19012024-20 +# +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2024-01-19): +# According to a different news and the official web site for the Ministry of +# Trade and Integration of the Republic of Kazakhstan: +# https://en.inform.kz/news/kazakhstan-to-switch-to-single-hour-zone-mar-1-54ad0b/ + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +# +# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan +# This includes Abai/Abay (ISO 3166-2 code KZ-10), Aqmola/Akmola (KZ-11), +# Almaty (KZ-19), Almaty city (KZ-75), Astana city (KZ-71), +# East Kazkhstan (KZ-63), Jambyl/Zhambyl (KZ-31), Jetisu/Zhetysu (KZ-33), +# Karaganda (KZ-35), North Kazakhstan (KZ-59), Pavlodar (KZ-55), +# Shyumkent city (KZ-79), Turkistan (KZ-61), and Ulytau (KZ-62). +Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata + 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 + 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 2004 Oct 31 2:00s + 6:00 - +06 2024 Mar 1 0:00 + 5:00 - +05 +# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-43) +Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 + 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 + 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 + 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1992 Mar 29 2:00s + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s + 6:00 - +06 2018 Dec 21 0:00 + 5:00 - +05 +# Qostanay (aka Kostanay, Kustanay) (KZ-39) +# The 1991/2 rules are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai +# reorganization. +Zone Asia/Qostanay 4:14:28 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 + 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 + 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 + 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s + 6:00 - +06 2024 Mar 1 0:00 + 5:00 - +05 +# Aqtöbe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-15) +Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 + 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 + 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 + 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s + 5:00 - +05 +# Mangghystaū (KZ-47) +# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, +# so include timestamps before 1963. +Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 + 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1 + 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1994 Sep 25 2:00s + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s + 5:00 - +05 +# Atyraū (KZ-23) is like Mangghystaū except it switched from +# +04/+05 to +05/+06 in spring 1999, not fall 1994. +Zone Asia/Atyrau 3:27:44 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 + 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1 + 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1999 Mar 28 2:00s + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s + 5:00 - +05 +# West Kazakhstan (KZ-27) +# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): +# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). +Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk + 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 + 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 + 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 + 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1989 Mar 26 2:00s + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Mar 29 2:00s + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s + 5:00 - +05 + +# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) +# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. + +# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): +# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway +# http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml +# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article +# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. +# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): +# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. +# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 - +Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - +Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 - +Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 + 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Aug 31 2:00 + 5:00 Kyrgyz +05/+06 2005 Aug 12 + 6:00 - +06 + +############################################################################### + +# Korea (North and South) + +# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10): +# http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012 +# Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it +# during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced +# between 1987 and 1988 ... + +# From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29): +# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html +# According to the Korean Wikipedia +# https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시 +# [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC] +# DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old +# newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia. +# For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST +# started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in +# 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year. + +# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): +# 1. According to official announcement from Korean government, the DST end +# date in South Korea should be +# 1955-09-08 without specifying time +# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027977557 +# 1956-09-29 without specifying time +# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027978341 +# 1957-09-21 24 o'clock +# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027979690#3 +# 1958-09-20 24 o'clock +# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027981189 +# 1959-09-19 24 o'clock +# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027982974#2 +# 1960-09-17 24 o'clock +# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0028044104 +# ... +# 2.... https://namu.wiki/w/대한민국%20표준시 ... [says] +# when Korea was using GMT+8:30 as standard time, the international +# aviation/marine/meteorological industry in the country refused to +# follow and continued to use GMT+9:00 for interoperability. + + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 12 24:00 0 S +Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D +Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sat>=7 24:00 0 S +Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D +Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D +Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 8 24:00 0 S +Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D +Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 29 24:00 0 S +Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sat>=17 24:00 0 S +Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D +Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S + +# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23): +# The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets: +# +# 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5) +# 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367 +# (Announcement No. 338) +# 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17) +# 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07) +# +# (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30 +# edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.) +# +# I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same +# rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST +# when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII. +# +# For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we +# have no information otherwise. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07): +# According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to +# the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example: +# http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049 +# +# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15): +# Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See: +# Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time' +# http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html +# There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone. +# Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK. + +# From Kang Seonghoon (2018-04-29): +# North Korea will revert its time zone from UTC+8:30 (PYT; Pyongyang +# Time) back to UTC+9 (KST; Korea Standard Time). +# +# From Seo Sanghyeon (2018-04-30): +# Rodong Sinmun 2018-04-30 announced Pyongyang Time transition plan. +# https://www.nknews.org/kcna/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2018/04/rodong-2018-04-30.pdf +# ... the transition date is 2018-05-05 ... Citation should be Decree +# No. 2232 of April 30, 2018, of the Presidium of the Supreme People's +# Assembly, as published in Rodong Sinmun. +# From Tim Parenti (2018-04-29): +# It appears to be the front page story at the top in the right-most column. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-04): +# The BBC reported that the transition was from 23:30 to 24:00 today. +# https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44010705 + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 + 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 + 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8 + 9:00 ROK K%sT 1954 Mar 21 + 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 + 9:00 ROK K%sT +Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 + 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 + 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24 + 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00 + 8:30 - KST 2018 May 4 23:30 + 9:00 - KST + + +# Lebanon +# +# From Saadallah Itani (2023-03-23): +# Lebanon ... announced today delay of Spring forward from March 25 to April 20. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2023-03-27): +# This announcement was by the Lebanese caretaker prime minister Najib Mikati. +# https://www.mtv.com.lb/en/News/Local/1352516/lebanon-postpones-daylight-saving-time-adoption +# A video was later leaked to the media of parliament speaker Nabih Berri +# asking Mikati to postpone DST to aid observance of Ramadan, Mikati objecting +# that this would cause problems such as scheduling airline flights, to which +# Berri interjected, "What flights?" +# +# The change was controversial and led to a partly-sectarian divide. +# Many Lebanese institutions, including the education ministry, the Maronite +# church, and two news channels LCBI and MTV, ignored the announcement and +# went ahead with the long-scheduled spring-forward on March 25/26, some +# arguing that the prime minister had not followed the law because the change +# had not been approved by the cabinet. Google went with the announcement; +# Apple ignored it. At least one bank followed the announcement for its doors, +# but ignored the announcement in internal computer systems. +# Beirut international airport listed two times for each departure. +# Dan Azzi wrote "My view is that this whole thing is a Dumb and Dumber movie." +# Eventually the prime minister backed down, said the cabinet had decided to +# stick with its 1998 decision, and that DST would begin midnight March 29/30. +# https://www.nna-leb.gov.lb/en/miscellaneous/604093/lebanon-has-two-times-of-day-amid-daylight-savings +# https://www.cnbc.com/2023/03/27/lebanon-in-two-different-time-zones-as-government-disagrees-on-daylight-savings.html +# +# Although we could model the chaos with two Zones, that would likely cause +# more trouble than it would cure. Since so many manual clocks and +# computer-based timestamps ignored the announcement, stick with official +# cabinet resolutions in the data while recording the prime minister's +# announcement as a comment. This is how we treated a similar situation in +# Rio de Janeiro in spring 1993. +# +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - +Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - +Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - +Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - +Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - +Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - +Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - +Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - +Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - +# This one-time rule, announced by the prime minister first for April 21 +# then for March 30, is commented out for reasons described above. +#Rule Lebanon 2023 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 + 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT + +# Brunei +# Malaysia (eastern) +# +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 - +Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - +# +# For peninsular Malaysia see Asia/Singapore. +# +# Sabah & Sarawak +# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12): +# The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 +# and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar + 7:30 - +0730 1933 + 8:00 NBorneo +08/+0820 1942 Feb 16 + 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 + 8:00 - +08 + +# Maldives +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Malé + 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Malé Mean Time + 5:00 - +05 + +# Mongolia + +# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but +# The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World +# (2005-03) both say that it has just one. + +# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): +# General Information Mongolia +# <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09) +# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of +# Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and +# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus +# eight hours." + +# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): +# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 +# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am +# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time +# of implementation may have been different.... +# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time +# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, +# Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii. + +# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): +# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. +# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; +# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, +# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd +# is good enough for our purposes. + +# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): +# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier +# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), +# there are three time zones. +# +# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai +# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv, +# Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi +# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar +# +# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] + +# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): +# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. +# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of +# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): +# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs +# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. + +# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): +# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. +# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says +# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft +# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that +# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UT +07, +08) with no DST. +# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in +# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. +# He also found +# http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1& +# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" +# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. +# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT +# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. +# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the +# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." +# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. + +# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): +# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. +# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... +# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 + +# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): +# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for +# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT +# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz +# database on this, e.g.: +# +# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 +# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx +# +# both say GMT+08:00. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): +# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight +# schedule here: +# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 +# (click the English flag for English) +# +# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive +# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the +# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern +# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are +# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and +# Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). + +# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): +# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. +# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition +# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report); +# this is almost surely wrong. + +# From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10): +# It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use +# daylight saving time in Mongolia.... Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of +# March 2015, daylight saving time starts. And 00:00AM of last Saturday of +# September daylight saving time ends. Source: +# http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969 + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, +# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM +# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. +# +# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches +# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place +# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of +# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their +# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly +# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. + +# From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2017-02-09): +# Mongolian Government meeting has concluded today to cancel daylight +# saving time adoption in Mongolia. Source: http://zasag.mn/news/view/16192 + +Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - +# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. +Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - +Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 - + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta +Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug + 6:00 - +06 1978 + 7:00 Mongol +07/+08 +# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga +Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug + 7:00 - +07 1978 + 8:00 Mongol +08/+09 +# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, +# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan +Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug + 7:00 - +07 1978 + 8:00 - +08 1983 Apr + 9:00 Mongol +09/+10 2008 Mar 31 + 8:00 Mongol +08/+09 + +# Nepal +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 + 5:30 - +0530 1986 + 5:45 - +0545 + +# Pakistan + +# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): +# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a +# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 +# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was +# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the +# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. + +# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): +# Jesper Nørgaard found this URL: +# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm +# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to +# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first +# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on +# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, +# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like +# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday +# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the +# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. + +# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): +# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 +# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): +# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm +# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: +# +# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh +# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous +# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by +# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. +# +# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather +# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. + +# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): +# +# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time +# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. +# +# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to +# help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at +# 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...." +# +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html +# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008\05\15\story_15-5-2008_pg1_4 + +# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): +# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): +# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced +# for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31 +# instead of August 31. +# +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html +# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08): +# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to +# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance +# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in +# official working." +# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280 +# +# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to +# introduce DST from April 15, 2009 +# +# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan +# April 08, 2009 +# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15 +# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1 +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html +# +# .... +# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to +# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to +# conserve energy" + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17): +# "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal +# Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the +# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to +# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in +# this regard." +# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168 + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28): +# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that +# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from +# October 1, 2009. +# +# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct" +# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2 +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm +# +# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29): +# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date: +# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742 +# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1. +# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on +# Monday." +# +# And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year: +# "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour +# on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without +# obtaining prior approval, the officials added." +# +# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of +# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company: +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html + +# From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01): +# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan +# will go back to standard time on 1st of November. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26): +# Steffen Thorsen wrote: +# > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in +# > Pakistan on 2010-04-01. +# > +# > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the +# > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time +# > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but +# > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15. +# Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final: +# +# "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks" +# http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041 +# +# "People laud PM's announcement to end DST" +# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2 + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - +Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 + 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep + 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15 + 5:30 - +0530 1951 Sep 30 + 5:00 - +05 1971 Mar 26 + 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time + +# Palestine + +# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): +# +# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now +# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. +# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... +# +# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 +# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no +# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, +# though. +# +# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally +# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from +# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the +# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major +# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and +# East Jerusalem. +# +# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except +# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might +# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware +# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer +# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). +# +# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most +# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to +# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to +# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't +# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the +# Jordanian one). +# +# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: +# +# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- +# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- +# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion +# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan +# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan +# +# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they +# have one). + +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go +# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, +# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. +# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since +# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about +# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. +# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries +# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules +# to Palestine's rules. + +# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, +# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: +# +# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time +# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks +# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, +# the PA has decided to implement DST in April. + +# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): +# Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc +# http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html +# (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that +# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. +# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). +# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, +# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. + +# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): +# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): +# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of +# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think +# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks +# earlier - the same goes for Jordan. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): +# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the +# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I +# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not +# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if +# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as +# the West Bank. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): +# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): +# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 +# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule +# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn +# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. +# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, +# because of the Ramadan. + +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18): +# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the +# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. + +# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): +# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when +# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit +# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. +# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be +# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): +# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan. +# +# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while +# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008). +# +# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001 +# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087 +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26): +# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian +# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March +# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009. +# +# (in Arabic) +# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850 +# +# (English translation) +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31): +# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to +# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04. +# +# One news source: +# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158 +# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic), +# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah +# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of +# 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty +# minutes per hour as of Friday morning." +# +# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different +# end date, we will keep this page updated: +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02): +# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank. +# +# According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan +# to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009. +# +# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza" +# (from Palestinian National Authority): +# http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19): +# According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March +# 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri +# (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?) +# +# http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697 +# (in Arabic) +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24): +# ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will +# start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or +# noon though: +# +# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178 +# (Ma'an News Agency) +# "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to +# 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning." + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11): +# According to several sources, including +# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795 +# the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in +# Gaza and the West Bank. +# Some more background info: +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26): +# Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of +# August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30 +# 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of +# Ramadan. +# +# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217 +# Additional info: +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27): +# According to the article in The Jerusalem Post: +# "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to +# move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the +# Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back. +# The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after +# the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..." +# ... +# https://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650 +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html +# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30): +# West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30 +# 00:00). +# So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again. +# +# Many sources, including: +# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808 + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): +# Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST +# on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00). +# Some of many sources in Arabic: +# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638 +# +# http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/بدء-التوقيت-الصيفي-بالضفة-وغزة-ليلة-الجمعة.html +# +# Our brief summary: +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26): +# The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving +# time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated). +# [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.] +# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120 +# http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/رام-الله-بدء-التوقيت-الصيفي-29-الجاري.html + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24): +# The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight +# (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...). +# This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect +# at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip": +# http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246 +# official source...: +# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252 + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03): +# Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257 +# and https://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will +# start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03): +# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014 +# says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00. + +# From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09): +# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728 +# [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight +# saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning, +# 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead." + +# From Sharef Mustafa (2016-10-19): +# [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on +# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf +# states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00. + +# From Sharef Mustafa (2018-03-16): +# Palestine summer time will start on Mar 24th 2018 ... +# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e7a42ab7-ee23-435a-b9c8-a4f7e81f3817 + +# From Even Scharning (2019-03-23): +# http://pnn.ps/news/401130 +# http://palweather.ps/ar/node/50136.html +# +# From Sharif Mustafa (2019-03-26): +# The Palestinian cabinet announced today that the switch to DST will +# be on Fri Mar 29th 2019 by advancing the clock by 60 minutes. +# http://palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e54e9ea1-50ee-4137-84df-0d6c78da259b +# +# From Even Scharning (2019-04-10): +# Our source in Palestine said it happened Friday 29 at 00:00 local time.... + +# From Sharef Mustafa (2019-10-18): +# Palestine summer time will end on midnight Oct 26th 2019 ... +# +# From Steffen Thorsen (2020-10-20): +# Some sources such as these say, and display on clocks, that DST ended at +# midnight last year... +# https://www.amad.ps/ar/post/320006 +# +# From Tim Parenti (2020-10-20): +# The report of the Palestinian Cabinet meeting of 2019-10-14 confirms +# a decision on (translated): "The start of the winter time in Palestine, by +# delaying the clock by sixty minutes, starting from midnight on Friday / +# Saturday corresponding to 26/10/2019." +# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/portal/meeting/details/43948 + +# From Sharef Mustafa (2020-10-20): +# As per the palestinian cabinet announcement yesterday , the day light saving +# shall [end] on Oct 24th 2020 at 01:00AM by delaying the clock by 60 minutes. +# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/portal/Meeting/Details/51584 + +# From Pierre Cashon (2020-10-20): +# The summer time this year started on March 28 at 00:00. +# https://wafa.ps/ar_page.aspx?id=GveQNZa872839351758aGveQNZ +# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/portal/meeting/details/50284 +# The winter time in 2015 started on October 23 at 01:00. +# https://wafa.ps/ar_page.aspx?id=CgpCdYa670694628582aCgpCdY +# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/portal/meeting/details/27583 + +# From P Chan (2021-10-18): +# http://wafa.ps/Pages/Details/34701 +# Palestine winter time will start from midnight 2021-10-29 (Thursday-Friday). +# +# From Heba Hemad, Palestine Ministry of Telecom & IT (2021-10-20): +# ... winter time will begin in Palestine from Friday 10-29, 01:00 AM +# by 60 minutes backwards. +# +# From Tim Parenti (2021-10-25), per Paul Eggert (2021-10-24): +# Guess future fall transitions at 01:00 on the Friday preceding October's +# last Sunday (i.e., Fri>=23), as this is more consistent with recent practice. + +# From Heba Hamad (2022-03-10): +# summer time will begin in Palestine from Sunday 03-27-2022, 00:00 AM. + +# From Heba Hamad (2022-08-30): +# winter time will begin in Palestine from Saturday 10-29, 02:00 AM by +# 60 minutes backwards. Also the state of Palestine adopted the summer +# and winter time for the years: 2023,2024,2025,2026 ... +# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/attachments/20220830/9f024566/Time-0001.pdf +# (2022-08-31): ... the Saturday before the last Sunday in March and October +# at 2:00 AM ,for the years from 2023 to 2026. +# (2022-09-05): https://mtit.pna.ps/Site/New/1453 + +# From Heba Hamad (2023-03-22): +# ... summer time will begin in Palestine from Saturday 04-29-2023, +# 02:00 AM by 60 minutes forward. +# From Heba Hemad (2023-10-09): +# ... winter time will begin in Palestine from Saturday 10-28-2023, +# 02:00 AM by 60 minutes back. +# +# From Heba Hamad (2024-01-25): +# the summer time for the years 2024,2025 will begin in Palestine +# from Saturday at 02:00 AM by 60 minutes forward as shown below: +# year date +# 2024 2024-04-20 +# 2025 2025-04-12 +# +# From Paul Eggert (2024-01-25): +# For now, guess that spring and fall transitions will normally +# continue to use 2022's rules, that during DST Palestine will switch +# to standard time at 02:00 the last Saturday before Ramadan and back +# to DST at 02:00 the second Saturday after Ramadan, and that +# if the normal spring-forward or fall-back transition occurs during +# Ramadan the former is delayed and the latter advanced. +# To implement this, I predicted Ramadan-oriented transition dates for +# 2026 through 2086 by running the following program under GNU Emacs 29.2, +# with the results integrated by hand into the table below. +# Predictions after 2086 are approximated without Ramadan. +# +# (let ((islamic-year 1447)) +# (require 'cal-islam) +# (while (< islamic-year 1510) +# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) +# (b (+ 1 (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))) +# (saturday 6)) +# (while (/= saturday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) +# (while (/= saturday (mod b 7)) +# (setq b (1+ b))) +# (setq b (+ 7 b)) +# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) +# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) +# (insert +# (format +# (concat "Rule Palestine\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t2:00\t0\t-\n" +# "Rule Palestine\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t2:00\t1:00\tS\n") +# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) +# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) +# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S +Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S +Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - +Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - + +Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep 4 1:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2013 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2014 only - Oct 24 0:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2015 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2015 only - Oct 23 1:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2016 2018 - Mar Sat<=30 1:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2016 2018 - Oct Sat<=30 1:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2019 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2019 only - Oct Sat<=30 0:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2020 2021 - Mar Sat<=30 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2020 only - Oct 24 1:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2021 only - Oct 29 1:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2022 only - Mar 27 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2022 2035 - Oct Sat<=30 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2023 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2024 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2025 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2026 2054 - Mar Sat<=30 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2036 only - Oct 18 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2037 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2038 only - Sep 25 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2039 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2040 only - Sep 1 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2040 only - Oct 20 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2040 2067 - Oct Sat<=30 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2041 only - Aug 24 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2041 only - Oct 5 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2042 only - Aug 16 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2042 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2043 only - Aug 1 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2043 only - Sep 19 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2044 only - Jul 23 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2044 only - Sep 3 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2045 only - Jul 15 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2045 only - Aug 26 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2046 only - Jun 30 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2046 only - Aug 18 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2047 only - Jun 22 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2047 only - Aug 3 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2048 only - Jun 6 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2048 only - Jul 25 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2049 only - May 29 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2049 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2050 only - May 21 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2050 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2051 only - May 6 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2051 only - Jun 24 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2052 only - Apr 27 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2052 only - Jun 8 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2053 only - Apr 12 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2053 only - May 31 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2054 only - Apr 4 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2054 only - May 23 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2055 only - May 8 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2056 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2057 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2058 only - Apr 6 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2059 max - Mar Sat<=30 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2068 only - Oct 20 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2069 only - Oct 12 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2070 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2071 only - Sep 19 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2072 only - Sep 10 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2072 only - Oct 22 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2072 max - Oct Sat<=30 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2073 only - Sep 2 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2073 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2074 only - Aug 18 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2074 only - Oct 6 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2075 only - Aug 10 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2075 only - Sep 21 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2076 only - Jul 25 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2076 only - Sep 12 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2077 only - Jul 17 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2077 only - Sep 4 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2078 only - Jul 9 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2078 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2079 only - Jun 24 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2079 only - Aug 12 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2080 only - Jun 15 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2080 only - Jul 27 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2081 only - Jun 7 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2081 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2082 only - May 23 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2082 only - Jul 11 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2083 only - May 15 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2083 only - Jun 26 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2084 only - Apr 29 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2084 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2085 only - Apr 21 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2085 only - Jun 9 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2086 only - Apr 13 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2086 only - May 25 2:00 1:00 S + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct + 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15 + 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 + 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 + 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 + 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00 + 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep + 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010 + 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01 + 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1 + 2:00 - EET 2012 + 2:00 Palestine EE%sT + +Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct + 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15 + 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 + 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 + 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 + 2:00 Palestine EE%sT + +# Paracel Is +# no information + +# Philippines + +# From Paul Eggert (2024-01-21): +# The Spanish initially used American (west-of-Greenwich) time. +# It is unknown what time Manila kept when the British occupied it from +# 1762-10-06 through 1764-04; for now assume it kept American time. +# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the +# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to +# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's +# History of the International Date Line +# https://webspace.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm +# The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger. + +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26): +# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: +# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ +# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, +# but no details] + +# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14): +# The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again +# March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed +# during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details. +# Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time. +# Philippine Star 2014-08-05 +# http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time + +# From Paul Goyette (2018-06-15): +# In the Philippines, there is a national law, Republic Act No. 10535 +# which declares the official time here as "Philippine Standard Time". +# The act [1] even specifies use of PST as the abbreviation, although +# the FAQ provided by PAGASA [2] uses the "acronym PhST to distinguish +# it from the Pacific Standard Time (PST)." +# [1] http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2013/05/15/republic-act-no-10535/ +# [2] https://www1.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/astronomy/philippine-standard-time#republic-act-10535 +# +# From Paul Eggert (2018-06-19): +# I surveyed recent news reports, and my impression is that "PST" is +# more popular among reliable English-language news sources. This is +# not just a measure of Google hit counts: it's also the sizes and +# influence of the sources. There is no current abbreviation for DST, +# so use "PDT", the usual American style. + +# From P Chan (2021-05-10): +# Here's a fairly comprehensive article in Japanese: +# https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/Philippine%20Time +# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-10): +# The info in the Japanese table has not been absorbed (yet) below. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 + 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 + 8:00 Phil P%sT 1942 May + 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov + 8:00 Phil P%sT + +# Bahrain +# Qatar +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha + 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun + 3:00 - +03 + +# Kuwait +# Saudi Arabia +# Yemen +# +# Japan's year-round bases in Antarctica match this since 1970. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2018-08-29): +# Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not +# standardized until 1968 or so; we don't know exactly when, and possibly it +# has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to +# modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines +# observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar +# time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12 +# o'clock for "Arab" time). +# +# Timekeeping differed depending on who you were and which part of Saudi +# Arabia you were in. In 1969, Elias Antar wrote that although a common +# practice had been to set one's watch to 12:00 (i.e., midnight) at sunset - +# which meant that the time on one side of a mountain could differ greatly from +# the time on the other side - many foreigners set their watches to 6pm +# instead, while airlines instead used UTC +03 (except in Dhahran, where they +# used UTC +04), Aramco used UTC +03 with DST, and the Trans-Arabian Pipe Line +# Company used Aramco time in eastern Saudi Arabia and airline time in western. +# (The American Military Aid Advisory Group used plain UTC.) Antar writes, +# "A man named Higgins, so the story goes, used to run a local power +# station. One day, the whole thing became too much for Higgins and he +# assembled his staff and laid down the law. 'I've had enough of this,' he +# shrieked. 'It is now 12 o'clock Higgins Time, and from now on this station is +# going to run on Higgins Time.' And so, until last year, it did." See: +# Antar E. Dinner at When? Saudi Aramco World, 1969 March/April. 2-3. +# http://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/196902/dinner.at.when.htm +# Also see: Antar EN. Arabian flying is confusing. +# Port Angeles (WA) Evening News. 1965-03-10. page 3. +# +# The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best +# we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics +# Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated +# a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and +# Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the +# earlier date. +# +# Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two +# time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of +# the country. Presumably this is documenting airline time. Ignore this, +# as it's before our 1970 cutoff. +# +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14 + 3:00 - +03 + +# Singapore +# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) +# https://web.archive.org/web/20190822231045/http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/~mathelmr/teaching/timezone.html +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 + 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. + 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1 + 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1 + 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1 + 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16 + 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 + 7:30 - +0730 1981 Dec 31 16:00u + 8:00 - +08 + +# Spratly Is +# no information + +# Sri Lanka + +# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): +# Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo +# mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably +# from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with +# Shanks and Pottenger. + +# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): +# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" +# (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24, +# no longer available as of 1999-08-17) +# reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at +# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'." +# +# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted +# by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section +# <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26): +# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 +# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. + +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online +# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13): +# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) +# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). + +# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: +# http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML +# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply +# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean +# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. +# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): +# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'], +# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. + +# From Sadika Sumanapala (2016-10-19): +# According to http://www.sltime.org (maintained by Measurement Units, +# Standards & Services Department, Sri Lanka) abbreviation for Sri Lanka +# standard time is SLST. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-18): +# "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely used outside time +# zone nerd sources. I searched Google News and found three uses of +# it in the International Business Times of India in February and +# March of this year when discussing cricket match times, but nothing +# since then (though there has been a lot of cricket) and nothing in +# other English-language news sources. Our old abbreviation "LKT" is +# even worse. For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can +# switch to "SLST" if it catches on. + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 + 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time + 5:30 - +0530 1942 Jan 5 + 5:30 0:30 +06 1942 Sep + 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 16 2:00 + 5:30 - +0530 1996 May 25 0:00 + 6:30 - +0630 1996 Oct 26 0:30 + 6:00 - +06 2006 Apr 15 0:30 + 5:30 - +0530 + +# Syria +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - +# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; +# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, +# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; +# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22; +# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger, +# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan). +Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S +# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18): +# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC] +# this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt. +Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - +# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): +# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday." +# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php +Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S +# From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27): +# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will +# not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or +# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than +# having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the +# weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now +# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend... +# +# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27): +# Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote: +# +# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1 +# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour." +# +# I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic): +# http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247 +# +# which using Google's translate tools says: +# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on +# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th +# minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007. +Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 - + +# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17): +# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for +# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so.... +# Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST +# Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date +# Variation +# Syrian Arab +# Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300 +# 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300 +# 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300 + +# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17): +# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News +# Agency (SANA)... +# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm +# ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the +# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April +# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd." +# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times +# shown above match up with midnight in Syria. + +# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): +# My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1"; +# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone +# compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel). +# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07): +# Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year, +# according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA). +# +# The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to +# winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting +# clocks back 60 minutes). +# +# http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19): +# Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources, +# two examples: +# +# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm +# (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency) +# http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209 +# (Arabic, gov-site) +# +# We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year. +# +# Our summary +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27): +# The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will +# revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday +# 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30: +# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic) + +# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): +# We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last +# Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or +# something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17): +# The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of +# Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday +# 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday): +# http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic) + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): +# Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday +# (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years. +# +# From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic: +# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm +# +# Our brief summary: +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2022-10-05): +# Syria is adopting year-round DST, starting this autumn.... +# From https://www.enabbaladi.net/archives/607812 +# "This [the decision] came after the weekly government meeting today, +# Tuesday 4 October ..." +# +# From Paul Eggert (2022-10-05): +# Like Jordan, model this as a transition from EEST +03 (DST) to plain +03 +# (non-DST) at the point where DST would otherwise have ended. + +Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 2012 2022 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 2009 2022 - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 - + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq + 2:00 Syria EE%sT 2022 Oct 28 0:00 + 3:00 - +03 + +# Tajikistan +# From Shanks & Pottenger. +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 + 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 5:00 1:00 +06 1991 Sep 9 2:00s + 5:00 - +05 + +# Cambodia +# Christmas I +# Laos +# Thailand +# Vietnam (northern) +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 + 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time + 7:00 - +07 + +# Turkmenistan +# From Shanks & Pottenger. +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad + 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00 + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00 + 5:00 - +05 + +# Oman +# Réunion +# Seychelles +# United Arab Emirates +# +# The Crozet Is also observe Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file. +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 + 4:00 - +04 + +# Uzbekistan +# Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53. +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 + 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 + 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 + 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 + 5:00 - +05 +# Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8. + #STDOFF 4:37:10.8 +Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 + 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00 + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 + 5:00 - +05 + +# Vietnam (southern) + +# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04): +# Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being +# used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways +# from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks +# and Pottenger for LMT before 1906. + +# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): +# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh +# City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. + +# From Paul Eggert (2024-01-14) after a 2014 heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân +# and a 2024-01-14 heads-up from Đoàn Trần Công Danh: +# Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)" +# (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50, +# is quoted verbatim in: +# http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01 +# is translated by Brian Inglis in: +# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html +# and is the basis for the information below. +# +# The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to +# Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104° 17' 17" east of Paris. +# It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or +# the Paris Meridian; for now guess the former and round the exact +# 07:06:30.1333... to 07:06:30.13 as the legal spec used 66 2/3 ms precision. +# which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory +# is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT. +# +# The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954) +# and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954): +# To 07:00 on 1911-05-01. +# To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00. +# To 09:00 on 1945-03-14 at 23:00. +# To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam. +# To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina. +# To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam. +# To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam. +# To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam. +# +# Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above. +# +# Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội, +# No. 9, Paris, February 1982. +# +# Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)", +# NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000. +# +# Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu", +# NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995. +# +# Here is the decision for the September 1945 transition: +# Võ Nguyên Giáp, Việt Nam Dân Quốc Công Báo, No. 1 (1945-09-29), page 13 +# http://baochi.nlv.gov.vn/baochi/cgi-bin/baochi?a=d&d=JwvzO19450929.2.5&dliv=none +# It says that on 1945-09-01 at 24:00, Vietnam moved back two hours, to +07. +# It also mentions a 1945-03-29 decree (by a Japanese Goveror-General) +# to set the time zone to +09, but does not say whether that decree +# merely legalized an earlier change to +09. +# +# July 1955 transition: +# Ngô Đình Diệm, Công Báo Việt Nam, No. 92 (1955-07-02), page 1780-1781 +# Ordinance (Dụ) No. 46 (1955-06-25) +# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/32341#?c=0&m=29&s=0&cv=4&r=0&xywh=-89%2C342%2C1724%2C1216 +# It says that on 1955-07-01 at 01:00, South Vietnam moved back 1 hour (to +07). +# +# December 1959 transition: +# Ngô Đình Diệm, Công Báo Việt Nam Cộng Hòa, 1960 part 1 (1960-01-02), page 62 +# Decree (Sắc lệnh) No. 362-TTP (1959-12-30) +# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/32341#?c=0&m=138&s=0&cv=793&r=0&xywh=-54%2C1504%2C1705%2C1202 +# It says that on 1959-12-31 at 23:00, South Vietnam moved forward 1 hour (to +08). + + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] + #STDOFF 7:06:30.13 +Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:30 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 + 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 # Phù Liễn MT + 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00 + 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00 + 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 1 24:00 + 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1 + 8:00 - +08 1955 Jul 1 01:00 + 7:00 - +07 1959 Dec 31 23:00 + 8:00 - +08 1975 Jun 13 + 7:00 - +07 + +# From Paul Eggert (2019-02-19): +# +# The Ho Chi Minh entry suffices for most purposes as it agrees with all of +# Vietnam since 1975-06-13. Presumably clocks often changed in south Vietnam +# in the early 1970s as locations changed hands during the war; however the +# details are unknown and would likely be too voluminous for this database. +# +# For timestamps in north Vietnam back to 1970 (the tzdb cutoff), +# use Asia/Bangkok; see the VN entries in the file zone1970.tab. +# For timestamps before 1970, see Asia/Hanoi in the file 'backzone'. diff --git a/australasia b/australasia new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0e9c259 --- /dev/null +++ b/australasia @@ -0,0 +1,2226 @@ +# tzdb data for Australasia and environs, and for much of the Pacific + +# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of +# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. + +# This file also includes Pacific islands. + +# Notes are at the end of this file + +############################################################################### + +# Australia + +# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S +Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S +Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S +Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00s 1:00 D + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +# Northern Territory +Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb + 9:00 - ACST 1899 May + 9:30 Aus AC%sT +# Western Australia +# +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S +Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S +Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S +Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S +Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D +Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec + 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul + 8:00 AW AW%sT +Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec + 8:45 Aus +0845/+0945 1943 Jul + 8:45 AW +0845/+0945 + +# Queensland +# +# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): +# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast +# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after +# Queensland ceased to. +# +# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): +# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, +# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. +# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, +# so use Lindeman. +# +# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): +# There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday +# islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the +# north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and +# Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone +# applies to all of the Whitsundays. +# http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands +# +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S +Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S +Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S +Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 + 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 + 10:00 AQ AE%sT +Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 + 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 + 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul + 10:00 Holiday AE%sT + +# South Australia +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S +Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S +Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S +Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S +Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S +Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S +Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S +Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S +Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S +Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S +Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S +Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb + 9:00 - ACST 1899 May + 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 + 9:30 AS AC%sT + +# Tasmania +# +# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): +# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml +# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. +# +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule AT 1916 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule AT 1917 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S +Rule AT 1917 1918 - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule AT 1918 1919 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S +Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule AT 1968 only - Mar Sun>=29 2:00s 0 S +Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S +Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S +Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S +Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S +Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S +Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S +Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S +Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S +Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S +Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep + 10:00 AT AE%sT 1919 Oct 24 + 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 + 10:00 AT AE%sT + +# Victoria +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S +Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S +Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S +Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S +Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S +Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S +Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S +Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S +Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb + 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 + 10:00 AV AE%sT + +# New South Wales +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S +Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S +Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S +Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S +Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S +Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S +Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S +Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S +Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S +Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S +Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb + 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 + 10:00 AN AE%sT +Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb + 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 + 9:00 - ACST 1899 May + 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 + 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 + 9:30 AS AC%sT + +# Lord Howe Island +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - +Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - +Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - +Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - +Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - +Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - +Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - +Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - +Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - +Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - +Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - +Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - +Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - +Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - +Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb + 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar + 10:30 LH +1030/+1130 1985 Jul + 10:30 LH +1030/+11 + +# Australian miscellany +# +# Ashmore Is, Cartier +# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers +# no times are set +# +# Coral Sea Is +# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists +# no times are set +# +# Macquarie +# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; +# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the +# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island +# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 +# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 +# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. +# +# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): +# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: +# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not +# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do +# on 4 April. +# +# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): +# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics +# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; +# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by +# pre-2013 versions of localtime. +Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov + 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 + 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb + 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s + 0 - -00 1948 Mar 25 + 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 + 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 + 10:00 1:00 AEDT 2011 + 10:00 AT AE%sT + +# Fiji + +# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): +# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST +# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. +# +# "Daylight savings to commence this month" +# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): +# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved +# amendments: +# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): +# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on +# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. +# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March +# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). +# +# Official source: +# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 +# +# A bit more background info here: +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): +# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 +# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... +# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, +# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: +# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): +# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date +# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). +# +# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 +# which says +# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in +# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to +# 2am on February 26 next year. + +# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) +# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for +# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. +# +# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 +# states: +# +# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 +# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. +# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start +# on the 23rd of October, 2011. + +# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: +# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate +# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st +# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. +# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 + +# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: +# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... +# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am +# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): +# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: +# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-(1).aspx + +# From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): +# DST will start Nov. 2 this year. +# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx + +# From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77 +# in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28), +# via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02): +# the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time +# commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at +# 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016. + +# From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04): +# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx +# "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when +# clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am.... Daylight Saving will +# end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017." + +# From Paul Eggert (2017-08-21): +# Dominic Fok writes (2017-08-20) that DST ends 2018-01-14, citing +# Extraordinary Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 21 (2017-08-27), +# [Legal Notice No. 41] of an order of the previous day by J Usamate. + +# From Raymond Kumar (2018-07-13): +# http://www.fijitimes.com/government-approves-2018-daylight-saving/ +# ... The daylight saving period will end at 3am on Sunday January 13, 2019. + +# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-06): +# Today Raymond Kumar reported the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 27 +# (2019-08-02) said that Fiji observes DST "commencing at 2.00 am on +# Sunday, 10 November 2019 and ending at 3.00 am on Sunday, 12 January 2020." +# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the second Sunday in November to 03:00 +# the first Sunday on or after January 12. January transitions reportedly +# depend on when school terms start. Although the guess is ad hoc, it matches +# transitions planned this year and seems more likely to match future practice +# than guessing no DST. +# From Michael Deckers (2019-08-06): +# https://www.laws.gov.fj/LawsAsMade/downloadfile/848 + +# From Raymond Kumar (2020-10-08): +# [DST in Fiji] is from December 20th 2020, till 17th January 2021. +# From Alan Mintz (2020-10-08): +# https://www.laws.gov.fj/LawsAsMade/GetFile/1071 +# From Tim Parenti (2020-10-08): +# https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Daylight-saving-from-Dec-20th-this-year-to-Jan-17th-2021-8rf4x5/ +# "Minister for Employment, Parveen Bala says they had never thought of +# stopping daylight saving. He says it was just to decide on when it should +# start and end. Bala says it is a short period..." +# +# From Tim Parenti (2021-10-11), per Jashneel Kumar (2021-10-11) and P Chan +# (2021-10-12): +# https://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Centre/Speeches/English/PM-BAINIMARAMA-S-COVID-19-ANNOUNCEMENT-10-10-21 +# https://www.fbcnews.com.fj/news/covid-19/curfew-moved-back-to-11pm/ +# In a 2021-10-10 speech concerning updated Covid-19 mitigation measures in +# Fiji, prime minister Josaia Voreqe "Frank" Bainimarama announced the +# suspension of DST for the 2021/2022 season: "Given that we are in the process +# of readjusting in the midst of so many changes, we will also put Daylight +# Savings Time on hold for this year. It will also make the reopening of +# scheduled commercial air service much smoother if we don't have to be +# concerned shifting arrival and departure times, which may look like a simple +# thing but requires some significant logistical adjustments domestically and +# internationally." + +# From Shalvin Narayan (2022-10-27): +# Please note that there will not be any daylight savings time change +# in Fiji for 2022-2023.... +# https://www.facebook.com/FijianGovernment/posts/pfbid0mmWVTYmTibn66ybpFda75pDcf34SSpoSaskJW5gXwaKo5Sgc7273Q4fXWc6kQV6Hl + +# From Almaz Mingaleev (2023-10-06): +# Cabinet approved the suspension of Daylight Saving and appropriate +# legislative changes will be considered including the repeal of the +# Daylight Saving Act 1998 +# https://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Centre/Speeches/English/CABINET-DECISIONS-3-OCTOBER-2023 +# +# From Paul Eggert (2023-10-06): +# For now, assume DST is suspended indefinitely. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - +Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - +Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - +Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - +Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - +Rule Fiji 2014 2018 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Fiji 2015 2021 - Jan Sun>=12 3:00 0 - +Rule Fiji 2019 only - Nov Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Fiji 2020 only - Dec 20 2:00 1:00 - +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva + 12:00 Fiji +12/+13 + +# French Polynesia +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct 1 # Rikitea + -9:00 - -09 +Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 1 + -9:30 - -0930 +Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct 1 # Papeete + -10:00 - -10 +# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; +# it is uninhabited. + + +# Guam +# N Mariana Is + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +# http://guamlegislature.com/Public_Laws_5th/PL05-025.pdf +# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-59-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-May-6-1959.pdf +Rule Guam 1959 only - Jun 27 2:00 1:00 D +# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-61-5-Revocation-of-Daylight-Saving-Time-and-Restoratio.pdf +Rule Guam 1961 only - Jan 29 2:00 0 S +# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-67-13-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf +Rule Guam 1967 only - Sep 1 2:00 1:00 D +# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-2-Repeal-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf +Rule Guam 1969 only - Jan 26 0:01 0 S +# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf +Rule Guam 1969 only - Jun 22 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Guam 1969 only - Aug 31 2:00 0 S +# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf +# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-30-End-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf +# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-71-5-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf +Rule Guam 1970 1971 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Guam 1970 1971 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 S +# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-73-28.-Guam-Day-light-Saving-Time.pdf +Rule Guam 1973 only - Dec 16 2:00 1:00 D +# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-74-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-Rescinded.pdf +Rule Guam 1974 only - Feb 24 2:00 0 S +# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-13-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf +Rule Guam 1976 only - May 26 2:00 1:00 D +# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-25-Revocation-of-E.O.-76-13.pdf +Rule Guam 1976 only - Aug 22 2:01 0 S +# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-4-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf +Rule Guam 1977 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 D +# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-18-Guam-Standard-Time.pdf +Rule Guam 1977 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 S + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 + 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana + 10:00 - GST 1941 Dec 10 # Guam + 9:00 - +09 1944 Jul 31 + 10:00 Guam G%sT 2000 Dec 23 + 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time + + +# Kiribati (Gilbert Is) +# Marshall Is +# Tuvalu +# Wake +# Wallis & Futuna +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki + 12:00 - +12 + +# Kiribati (except Gilbert Is) +# See Pacific/Tarawa for the Gilbert Is. +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Kanton 0 - -00 1937 Aug 31 + -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct + -11:00 - -11 1994 Dec 31 + 13:00 - +13 +Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 + -10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct + -10:00 - -10 1994 Dec 31 + 14:00 - +14 + +# Marshall Is +# See Pacific/Tarawa for most locations. +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 + 11:00 - +11 1937 + 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 + 9:00 - +09 1944 Feb 6 + 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct + -12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20 24:00 + 12:00 - +12 + +# Micronesia +# For Chuuk and Yap see Pacific/Port_Moresby. +# For Pohnpei see Pacific/Guadalcanal. +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Kosrae -13:08:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 + 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 + 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct + 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 + 11:00 - +11 1937 + 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 + 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug + 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct + 12:00 - +12 1999 + 11:00 - +11 + +# Nauru +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe + 11:30 - +1130 1942 Aug 29 + 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 8 + 11:30 - +1130 1979 Feb 10 2:00 + 12:00 - +12 + +# New Caledonia +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 - +Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - +Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 - +# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. +Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa + 11:00 NC +11/+12 + + +############################################################################### + +# New Zealand +# McMurdo Station and Scott Base in Antarctica use Auckland time. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S +Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M +Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S +Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M +Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M +Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S +Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S +# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but until 2018a +# there was no documented single notation for the date and time of this +# transition. Duplicate the Rule lines for now, to give the 2018a change +# time to percolate out. +Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - +Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S +Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 - +Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - +Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S +Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - +Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 - +Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - +Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S +Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 - +Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - +Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S +Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 + 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 + 12:00 NZ NZ%sT + +Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 + 12:15 - +1215 1946 Jan 1 + 12:45 Chatham +1245/+1345 + +# Auckland Is +# uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, +# and scientific personnel have wintered + +# Campbell I +# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 +# scientific station operated 1941/1995; +# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered +# was probably like Pacific/Auckland + +# Cook Is +# +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2021-03-24): +# In 1899 the Cook Islands celebrated Christmas twice to correct the calendar. +# According to the old books, missionaries were unaware of +# the International Date line, when they came from Sydney. +# Thus the Cook Islands were one day ahead.... +# http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-KloDisc-t1-body-d18.html +# ... Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1900 +# https://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&d=AJHR1900-I.2.1.2.3 +# (page 20) +# +# From Michael Deckers (2021-03-24): +# ... in the Cook Island Act of 1915-10-11, online at +# http://www.paclii.org/ck/legis/ck-nz_act/cia1915132/ +# "651. The hour of the day shall in each of the islands included in the +# Cook Islands be determined in accordance with the meridian of that island." +# so that local (mean?) time was still used in Rarotonga (and Niue) in 1915. +# This was changed in the Cook Island Amendment Act of 1952-10-16 ... +# http://www.paclii.org/ck/legis/ck-nz_act/ciaa1952212/ +# "651 (1) The hour of the day in each of the islands included in the Cook +# Islands, other than Niue, shall be determined as if each island were +# situated on the meridian one hundred and fifty-seven degrees thirty minutes +# West of Greenwich. (2) The hour of the day in the Island of Niue shall be +# determined as if that island were situated on the meridian one hundred and +# seventy degrees West of Greenwich." +# This act does not state when it takes effect, so one has to assume it +# applies since 1952-10-16. But there is the possibility that the act just +# legalized prior existing practice, as we had seen with the Guernsey law of +# 1913-06-18 for the switch in 1909-04-19. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2021-03-24): +# Transitions after 1952 are from Shanks & Pottenger. +# +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 - +Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - +Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 - +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Rarotonga 13:20:56 - LMT 1899 Dec 26 # Avarua + -10:39:04 - LMT 1952 Oct 16 + -10:30 - -1030 1978 Nov 12 + -10:00 Cook -10/-0930 + +############################################################################### + + +# Niue +# See Pacific/Rarotonga comments for 1952 transition. +# +# From Tim Parenti (2021-09-13): +# Consecutive contemporaneous editions of The Air Almanac listed -11:20 for +# Niue as of Apr 1964 but -11 as of Aug 1964: +# Apr 1964: https://books.google.com/books?id=_1So677Y5vUC&pg=SL1-PA23 +# Aug 1964: https://books.google.com/books?id=MbJloqd-zyUC&pg=SL1-PA23 +# Without greater specificity, guess 1964-07-01 for this transition. + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1952 Oct 16 # Alofi + -11:20 - -1120 1964 Jul + -11:00 - -11 + +# Norfolk +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston + 11:12 - +1112 1951 + 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00s + 11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00s + 11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00s + 11:00 - +11 2019 Jul + 11:00 AN +11/+12 + +# Palau (Belau) +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Palau -15:02:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Koror + 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 + 9:00 - +09 + +# Papua New Guinea +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 + 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time + 10:00 - +10 +# +# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): +# Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have +# the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. +# +# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates +# are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. +# The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. +# The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, +# according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia +# https://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm +# and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. +# +# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11 +# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time". +# See: +# http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ +# +Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 + 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 + 10:00 - +10 1942 Jul + 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 21 + 10:00 - +10 2014 Dec 28 2:00 + 11:00 - +11 + +# Pitcairn +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown + -8:30 - -0830 1998 Apr 27 0:00 + -8:00 - -08 + +# American Samoa +# Midway +Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 + -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 + -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa + +# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): +# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received +# the following info: +# +# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year +# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first +# Sunday of April 2011." +# +# Background info: +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html +# +# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not +# contain any dates: +# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20(English)%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf + +# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): +# Please see +# http://www.mcil.gov.ws +# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday +# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight +# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks +# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" + +# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): +# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] +# +# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am +# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to +# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock +# (3:00am or 0300Hrs). + +# From David Zülke (2011-05-09): +# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line +# +# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 + +# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): +# The International Date Line Act 2011 +# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf +# changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on +# Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted +# accordingly. + +# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): +# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html +# +# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change +# +# DST +# Year End Time Start Time +# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am +# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - +# +# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 +# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours +# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours +# +# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): +# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and +# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... +# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html +# +# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): +# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. +# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. +# +# From Geoffrey D. Bennett (2021-09-20): +# https://www.mcil.gov.ws/storage/2021/09/MCIL-Scan_20210920_120553.pdf +# DST has been cancelled for this year. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 - +Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 - +Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 - +Rule WS 2012 2021 - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 - +Rule WS 2012 2020 - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 - +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 + -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 + -11:30 - -1130 1950 + -11:00 WS -11/-10 2011 Dec 29 24:00 + 13:00 WS +13/+14 + +# Solomon Is +# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct 1 # Honiara + 11:00 - +11 + +# Tokelau +# +# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) +# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping +# December 31 this year ... +# +# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) +# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking +# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... +# Shanks says UT-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change +# actually was to UT-11 back then. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) +# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of +# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, +# <https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau +# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger +# are off by an hour starting in 1901. + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 + -11:00 - -11 2011 Dec 30 + 13:00 - +13 + +# Tonga +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 - +Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - +Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - +Rule Tonga 2016 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Tonga 2017 only - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:12 - LMT 1945 Sep 10 + 12:20 - +1220 1961 + 13:00 - +13 1999 + 13:00 Tonga +13/+14 + + +# US minor outlying islands + +# Howland, Baker +# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British +# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. +# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; +# uninhabited thereafter. +# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937; +# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, +# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). +# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 +# until they were abandoned after the war. + +# Jarvis +# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. +# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; +# uninhabited thereafter. +# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati + +# Johnston +# +# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): +# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. +# Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so +# treat it like Hawaii for now. Since Johnston is now uninhabited, +# its link to Pacific/Honolulu is in the 'backward' file. +# +# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 +# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, +# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM +# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and +# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. +# +# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): +# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used +# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, +# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the +# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last +# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, +# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the +# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. +# https://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf +# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a +# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time +# Minus One Hour". + +# Kingman +# uninhabited + +# Palmyra +# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati + + +# Vanuatu + +# From P Chan (2020-11-27): +# Joint Daylight Saving Regulation No 59 of 1973 +# New Hebrides Condominium Gazette No 336. December 1973 +# http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUNHGovGaz//1973/11.pdf#page=15 +# +# Joint Daylight Saving (Repeal) Regulation No 10 of 1974 +# New Hebrides Condominium Gazette No 336. March 1974 +# http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUNHGovGaz//1974/3.pdf#page=11 +# +# Summer Time Act No. 35 of 1982 [commenced 1983-09-01] +# http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUGovGaz/1982/32.pdf#page=48 +# +# Summer Time Act (Cap 157) +# Laws of the Republic of Vanuatu Revised Edition 1988 +# http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/sinodisp/vu/legis/consol_act1988/sta147/sta147.html +# +# Summer Time (Amendment) Act No. 6 of 1991 [commenced 1991-11-11] +# http://www.paclii.org/vu/legis/num_act/sta1991227/ +# +# Summer Time (Repeal) Act No. 4 of 1993 [commenced 1993-05-03] +# http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUGovGaz/1993/15.pdf#page=59 + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Vanuatu 1973 only - Dec 22 12:00u 1:00 - +Rule Vanuatu 1974 only - Mar 30 12:00u 0 - +Rule Vanuatu 1983 1991 - Sep Sat>=22 24:00 1:00 - +Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sat>=22 24:00 0 - +Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sat>=22 24:00 0 - +Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sat>=22 24:00 1:00 - +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila + 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12 + +############################################################################### + +# NOTES + +# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, +# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to +# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see +# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. + +# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): +# +# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: +# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), +# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). +# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. +# +# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source +# for time zone data was the International Air Transport +# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), +# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries +# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, +# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. +# +# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, +# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which +# I found in the UCLA library. +# +# For data circa 1899, a common source is: +# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. +# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 +# +# For the 1911/1912 establishment of standard time in French possessions, see: +# Société Française de Physique, Recueil de constantes physiques (1913), +# page 752, 18b. +# +# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is +# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). +# +# I invented the abbreviation marked "*". +# The following abbreviations are from other sources. +# Corrections are welcome! +# std dst +# LMT Local Mean Time +# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia +# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia +# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia +# 10:00 GST GDT* Guam through 2000 +# 10:00 ChST Chamorro +# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 +# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present +# -11:00 SST Samoa +# -10:00 HST Hawaii +# +# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. +# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is. + +############################################################################### + +# Australia + +# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): +# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting +# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. +# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving +# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native +# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was +# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a +# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded +# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables +# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." +# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) +# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm + +# From P Chan (2020-11-20): +# Daylight Saving Act 1916 (No. 40 of 1916) [1916-12-21, commenced 1917-01-01] +# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/num_act/dsa1916401916192/ +# +# Daylight Saving Repeal Act 1917 (No. 35 of 1917) [1917-09-25] +# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/num_act/dsra1917351917243/ +# +# Statutory Rules 1941, No. 323 [1941-12-24] +# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1941L00323 +# +# Statutory Rules 1942, No. 392 [1942-09-10] +# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1942L00392 +# +# Statutory Rules 1943, No. 241 [1943-09-29] +# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1943L00241 +# +# All transition times should be 02:00 standard time. + + +# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): +# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia +# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml +# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. + +# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): +# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales +# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving +# covers New South Wales in particular. + +# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): +# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. +# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' +# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the +# abbreviation does _not_ change... +# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least +# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the +# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses +# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight +# time'. +# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian +# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' +# or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the +# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers +# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases +# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; +# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. + +# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): +# +# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this +# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer +# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". +# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common +# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints +# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. +# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; +# what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web +# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for +# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an +# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the +# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: +# +# 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] +# 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au +# 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au +# 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au +# 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au +# 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au +# 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] +# 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] +# 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au +# 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au +# +# 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] +# 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au +# +# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but +# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages +# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since +# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: +# +# 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au +# 226 "western standard time" WST site:au +# +# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as +# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" +# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. +# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers +# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, +# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, +# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). +# +# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations +# like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> +# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style +# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't +# fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations +# like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather +# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column +# (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not +# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." +# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and +# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel +# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two +# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political +# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." +# +# I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: +# +# The Australian Government (2014-03-26) +# http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time +# (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) +# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT +# +# Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) +# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml +# EST CST WST EDT CDT +# +# Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) +# http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml +# EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) +# +# Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) +# http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp +# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT +# +# Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) +# https://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf +# EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used +# +# The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, +# and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. +# Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: +# 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". +# "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to +# appear in reports of events with international implications. +# +# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in +# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although +# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in +# the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it +# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all +# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, +# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current +# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and +# "AEDT" for Australian time zones. + +# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): +# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. +# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper +# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, +# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 +# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. +# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. + +# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): +# +# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, +# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more +# relevant entries in this database. +# +# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): +# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) +# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html +# ACT +# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 +# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html +# SA +# Standard Time Act, 1898 +# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html + +# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): +# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by +# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. +# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday +# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. +# +# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): +# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan +# to extend DST together in 2006. +# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt +# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html +# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html +# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 +# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles +# allude to it. +# But not Queensland +# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html + +# Northern Territory + +# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): +# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] +# # [ Nov 1990 ] +# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. +# ... +# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST + +# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): +# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... +# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. + +# Western Australia + +# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): +# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] +# # [ Nov 1990 ] +# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to +# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but +# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus +# # before reaching parliament. +# ... +# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST +# ... +# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W +# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W + +# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): +# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... +# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. + +# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): +# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney +# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at +# work at 9.00am.) +# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse +# everybody again. + +# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): +# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; +# it matches what was used in the past. + +# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ +# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm +# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses +# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. + +# From Paul Eggert (2018-04-01): +# The Guardian Express of Perth, Australia reported today that the +# government decided to advance the clocks permanently on January 1, +# 2019, from UT +08 to UT +09. The article noted that an exemption +# would be made for people aged 61 and over, who "can apply in writing +# to have the extra hour of sunshine removed from their area." See: +# Daylight saving coming to WA in 2019. Guardian Express. 2018-04-01. +# https://www.communitynews.com.au/guardian-express/news/exclusive-daylight-savings-coming-wa-summer-2018/ +# [The article ends with "Today's date is April 1."] + +# Queensland + +# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-26): +# I lack access to the following source for Queensland DST: +# Pearce C. History of daylight saving time in Queensland. +# Queensland Hist J. 2017 Aug;23(6):389-403 +# https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=994682348436426;res=IELHSS + +# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): +# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] +# # [ Dec 1990 ] +# ... +# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST +# ... +# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E +# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E + +# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): +# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from +# October 1989). + +# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): +# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... +# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving +# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... + +# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): +# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact +# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised +# me.) + +# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): +# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted +# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... +# ... +# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S +# ... + +# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): +# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. + +# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning +# from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01): +# WA are trialing DST for three years. +# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf + +# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): +# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the +# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western +# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The +# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so +# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the +# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South +# Australia and Western Australia.... +# +# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): +# This is confirmed by the section entitled +# "What's the deal with time zones???" in +# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html +# +# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): +# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, +# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern +# coast of the continent. +# +# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no +# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border +# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west +# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is +# the largest population centre in this zone.... +# +# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the +# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I +# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, +# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. +# +# (2006-12-09): +# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving +# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis +# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well +# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. +# +# From Gilmore Davidson (2019-04-08): +# https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-04-08/this-remote-stretch-of-desert-has-its-own-custom-time-zone/10981000 +# ... include[s] a rough description of the geographical boundaries... +# "The time zone exists for about 340 kilometres and takes in the tiny +# roadhouse communities of Cocklebiddy, Madura, Eucla and Border Village." +# ... and an indication that the zone has definitely been in existence +# since before the 1970 cut-off of the database ... +# From Paul Eggert (2019-05-17): +# That ABC Esperance story by Christien de Garis also says: +# Although the Central Western Time Zone is not officially recognised (your +# phones won't automatically change), there is a sign instructing you which +# way to wind your clocks 45 minutes and scrawled underneath one of them in +# Texta is the word: 'Why'? +# "Good question," Mr Pike said. +# "I don't even know that, and it's been going for over 50 years." + +# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): +# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the +# introduction of standard time in 1895. + + +# southeast Australia +# +# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): +# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT +# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. +# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html + + +# South Australia + +# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): +# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... +# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving +# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... + +# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): +# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] +# # [ Nov 1990 ] +# ... +# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST +# ... +# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C +# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C +# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C + +# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): +# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide +# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, +# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." + +# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): +# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) +# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even +# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival +# is on... + +# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): +# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... +# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... +# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). + +# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): +# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, +# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can +# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... + +# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): +# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... +# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... +# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. + +# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): +# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. + +# Tasmania + +# From P Chan (2020-11-20): +# Tasmania observed DST in 1916-1919. +# +# Daylight Saving Act, 1916 (7 Geo V, No 2) [1916-09-22] +# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/tdsa19167gvn2267/ +# +# Daylight Saving Amendment Act, 1917 (8 Geo V, No 5) [1917-10-01] +# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/tdsaa19178gvn5347/ +# +# Daylight Saving Act Repeal Act, 1919 (10 Geo V, No 9) [1919-10-24] +# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/tdsara191910gvn9339/ +# +# King Island is mentioned in the 1967 Act but not the 1968 Act. +# Therefore it possibly observed DST from 1968/69. +# +# Daylight Saving Act 1967 (No. 33 of 1967) [1967-09-22] +# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/dsa196733o1967211/ +# +# Daylight Saving Act 1968 (No. 42 of 1968) [1968-10-15] +# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/dsa196842o1968211/ + +# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd +# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): +# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] +# # [ Nov 1990 ] + +# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): +# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have +# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia +# (but nothing new about that). + +# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): +# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the +# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, +# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria +# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 +# instead of the first Sunday in October. + +# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: +# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 + +# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): +# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. + +# Victoria + +# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd +# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): +# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] +# # [ Nov 1990 ] + +# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): +# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an +# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was +# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar +# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located +# in Melbourne, Australia. +# +# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which +# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day +# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's +# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, +# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the +# expected time. +# +# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had +# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of +# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps +# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. +# +# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html +# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au + +# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): +# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. + +# New South Wales + +# From Arthur David Olson: +# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. +# Based on law library research by John Mackin, +# who notes: +# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the +# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" +# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common +# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the +# legislation. This is very important to understand. +# I have researched New South Wales time only... + +# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): +# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual +# October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, +# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). +# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html + +# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): +# See the following official NSW source: +# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. +# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ +# +# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of +# daylight saving next year. See: +# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving +# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm +# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. +# +# Victoria will follow NSW. See: +# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) +# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm +# +# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: +# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) +# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm +# +# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: +# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics +# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm +# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying +# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time +# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very +# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of +# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. +# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." +# +# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: +# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) +# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm + +# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian +# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken +# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. + +# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: +# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW +# towns to use Queensland time. + +# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): +# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. + +# Yancowinna + +# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): +# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. + +# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): +# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] +# # [ Dec 1990 ] +# ... +# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the +# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings +# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government +# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have +# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not +# # presently available. +# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST +# ... +# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C +# [followed by other Rules] + +# Lord Howe Island + +# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): +# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] +# [ Dec 1990 ] +# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an +# hour ahead of NSW time. + +# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): +# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same +# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the +# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is +# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time +# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour +# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents +# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing +# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will +# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. + +# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): +# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards +# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently +# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as +# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start +# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. + +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and +# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. + +# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): +# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): +# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight +# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 +# summer (southern hemisphere). +# +# From +# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf +# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling +# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. +# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each +# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. +# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia +# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and +# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... +# +# We have a wrap-up here: +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html +############################################################################### + +# New Zealand + +# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): +# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. +# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for +# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). +# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. + +# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): +# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! +# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. +# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] +# # [ Nov 1990 ] +# ... +# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D +# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S +# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S +# ... +# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand +# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island + +# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): +# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 +# rather than the October 1 value. + +# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); +# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. +# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight +# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard +# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. +# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, +# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.html for the full references. +# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. +# +# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with +# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham +# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. + +# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): +# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the +# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning +# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. +# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended + +# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): +# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by +# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). +# https://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf +# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand +# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard +# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New +# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." +# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time +# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match +# LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did +# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. + +############################################################################### + + +# Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands and Marcus Island (Minami-Tori-shima) + +# From Wakaba (2019-01-28) via Phake Nick: +# National Diet Library of Japan has several reports by Japanese Government +# officers that describe the time used in islands when they visited there. +# According to them (and other sources such as newspapers), standard time UTC +# + 10 (JST + 1) and DST UTC + 11 (JST + 2) was used until its return to Japan +# at 1968-06-26 00:00 JST. The exact periods of DST are still unknown. +# I guessed Guam, Mariana, and Bonin and Marcus districts might have +# synchronized their DST periods, but reports imply they had their own +# decisions, i.e. there were three or more different time zones.... +# +# https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/小笠原諸島の標準時 + +# From Phake Nick (2019-02-12): +# Because their last time change to return to Japanese time when they returned +# to Japanese rule was right before 1970, ... per the current tz database +# rule, the information doesn't warrant creation of a new timezone for Bonin +# Islands itself and is thus as an anecdotal note for interest purpose only. +# ... [The abovementioned link] described some special timekeeping phenomenon +# regarding Marcus island, another remote island currently owned by Japanese +# in the same administrative unit as Bonin Islands. Many reports claim that +# the American coastal guard on the American quarter of the island use its own +# coastal guard time, and most sources describe the time as UTC+11, being two +# hours faster than JST used by some Japanese personnel on the island. Some +# sites describe it as same as Wake Island/Guam time although it would be +# incorrect to be same as Guam. And then in a few Japanese governmental +# report from 1980s (from National Institute of Information and Communications +# Technology) regarding the construction of VLBI facility on the Marcus +# Island, it claimed that there are three time standards being used on the +# island at the time which include not just JST (UTC+9) or [US]CG time +# (UTC+11) but also a JMSDF time (UTC+10) (Japan Maritime Self-Defense +# Force). Unfortunately there are no other sources that mentioned such time +# and there are also no information on things like how the time was used. + + +# Fiji + +# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji +# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time +# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). + +# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): +# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 +# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will +# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. + +# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): +# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. + +# From the BBC World Service in +# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): +# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to +# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also +# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning +# of the new millennium. + +# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) +# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. + + +# Kiribati + +# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): +# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati +# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" +# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. + +# From Kerry Shetline (2018-02-03): +# December 31 was the day that was skipped, so that the transition +# would be from Friday December 30, 1994 to Sunday January 1, 1995. +# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-04): +# One source for this is page 202 of: Bartky IR. One Time Fits All: +# The Campaigns for Global Uniformity (2007). + +# Kanton + +# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-27): +# Kiribati's +13 timezone is represented by Kanton, its only populated +# island. (It was formerly spelled "Canton", but Gilbertese lacks "C".) +# Kanton was settled on 1937-08-31 by two British radio operators +# <https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1937v02/d94>; +# Americans came the next year and built an airfield, partly to +# establish airline service and perhaps partly anticipating the +# next war. Aside from the war, the airfield was used by commercial +# airlines until long-range jets became standard; although currently +# for emergency use only, China says it is considering rebuilding the +# airfield for high-end niche tourism. Kanton has about two dozen +# people, caretakers who rotate in from the rest of Kiribati in 2-5 +# year shifts, and who use some of the leftover structures +# <http://pipa.neaq.org/2012/06/images-of-kanton-island.html>. + +# Kwajalein + +# From an AP article (1993-08-22): +# "The nearly 3,000 Americans living on this remote Pacific atoll have a good +# excuse for not remembering Saturday night: there wasn't one. Residents were +# going to bed Friday night and waking up Sunday morning because at midnight +# -- 8 A.M. Eastern daylight time on Saturday -- Kwajalein was jumping from +# one side of the international date line to the other." +# "In Marshall Islands, Friday is followed by Sunday", NY Times. 1993-08-22. +# https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/22/world/in-marshall-islands-friday-is-followed-by-sunday.html + +# From Paul Eggert (2022-03-31): +# Phake Nick (2018-10-27) noted <https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時>'s +# citation of a 1993 AP article published in the New York Times saying +# Kwajalein synchronized its day with the US mainland about 40 years earlier. +# However the AP article is vague and possibly wrong about this. The article +# says the earlier switch was "about 40 years ago when the United States +# Army established a missile test range here". However, the Kwajalein Test +# Center was established on 1960-10-01 and was run by the US Navy. It was +# transferred to the US Army on 1964-07-01. See "Seize the High Ground" +# <https://history.army.mil/html/books/070/70-88-1/cmhPub_70-88-1.pdf>. +# Given that Shanks was right on the money about the 1993 change, I'm inclined +# to take Shanks's word for the 1969 change unless we find better evidence. + + +# N Mariana Is, Guam + +# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): +# Guam Island was briefly annexed by Japan during ... year 1941-1944 ... +# however there are no detailed information about what time it use during that +# period. It would probably be reasonable to assume Guam use GMT+9 during +# that period of time like the surrounding area. + +# From Paul Eggert (2023-01-23): +# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the +# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones +# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. +# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; +# see Asia/Manila. +# +# Use 1941-12-10 and 1944-07-31 for Guam WWII transitions, as the rough start +# and end of Japanese control of Agana. We don't know whether the Northern +# Marianas followed Guam's DST rules from 1959 through 1977; for now, assume +# they did as that avoids the need for a separate zone due to our 1970 cutoff. +# +# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time, +# under the name "Chamorro standard time". There is no official abbreviation, +# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, +# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". + +# See also the commentary for Micronesia. + + +# Marshall Is +# See the commentary for Micronesia. + + +# Micronesia (and nearby) + +# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): +# Like the Ladrones (see Guam commentary), assume the Spanish East Indies +# kept American time until the Philippines switched at the end of 1844. + +# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): +# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in +# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) +# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html +# that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11. +# We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now. + +# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): +# +# From a Japanese wiki site https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時 +# ... +# For "Southern Islands" (modern region of Mariana + Palau + Federation of +# Micronesia + Marshall Islands): +# +# A 1906 Japanese magazine shown the Caroline Islands and Mariana Islands +# who was occupied by Germany at the time as GMT+10, together with the like +# of German New Guinea. However there is a marking saying it have not been +# implemented (yet). No further information after that were found. +# +# Japan invaded those islands in 1914, and records shows that they were +# instructed to use JST at the time. +# +# 1915 January telecommunication record on the Jaluit Atoll shows they use +# the meridian of 170E as standard time (GMT+11:20), which is similar to the +# longitude of the atoll. +# 1915 February record say the 170E standard time is to be used until +# February 9 noon, and after February 9 noon they are to use JST. +# However these are time used within the Japanese Military at the time and +# probably does not reflect the time used by local resident at the time (that +# is if they keep their own time back then) +# +# In January 1919 the occupying force issued a command that split the area +# into three different timezone with meridian of 135E, 150E, 165E (JST+0, +1, +# +2), and the command was to become effective from February 1 of the same +# year. Despite the target of the command is still only for the occupying +# force itself, further publication have described the time as the standard +# time for the occupied area and thus it can probably be seen as such. +# * Area that use meridian of 135E: Palau and Yap civil administration area +# (Southern Islands Western Standard Time) +# * Area that use meridian of 150E: Truk (Chuuk) and Saipan civil +# administration area (Southern Islands Central Standard Time) +# * Area that use meridian of 165E: Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit civil +# administration area (Southern Islands Eastern Standard Time). +# * In the next few years Japanese occupation of those islands have been +# formalized via League of Nation Mandate (South Pacific Mandate) and formal +# governance structure have been established, these district [become +# subprefectures] and timezone classification have been inherited as standard +# time of the area. +# * Saipan subprefecture include Mariana islands (exclude Guam which was +# occupied by America at the time), Palau and Yap subprefecture rule the +# Western Caroline Islands with 137E longitude as border, Truk and Ponape +# subprefecture rule the Eastern Caroline Islands with 154E as border, Ponape +# subprefecture also rule part of Marshall Islands to the west of 164E +# starting from (1918?) and Jaluit subprefecture rule the rest of the +# Marshall Islands. +# +# And then in year 1937, an announcement was made to change the time in the +# area into 2 timezones: +# * Area that use meridian of 135E: area administered by Palau, Yap and +# Saipan subprefecture (Southern Islands Western Standard Time) +# * Area that use meridian of 150E: area administered by Truk (Chuuk), +# Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit subprefecture (Southern Islands Eastern +# Standard Time) +# +# Another announcement issued in 1941 say that on April 1 that year, +# standard time of the Southern Islands would be changed to use the meridian +# of 135E (GMT+9), and thus abolishing timezone different within the area. +# +# Then Pacific theater of WWII started and Japan slowly lose control on the +# island. The webpage I linked above contain no information during this +# period of time.... +# +# After the end of WWII, in 1946 February, a document written by the +# (former?) Japanese military personnel describe there are 3 hours time +# different between Caroline islands time/Wake island time and the Chungking +# time, which would mean the time being used there at the time was GMT+10. +# +# After that, the area become Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands +# under American administration from year 1947. The site listed some +# American/International books/maps/publications about time used in those +# area during this period of time but they doesn't seems to be reliable +# information so it would be the best if someone know where can more reliable +# information can be found. +# +# +# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): +# +# For the above, use vague dates like "1914" and "1945" for transitions that +# plausibly exist but for which the details are not known. The information +# for Wake is too sketchy to act on. +# +# The 1906 GMT+10 info about German-controlled islands might not have been +# done, so omit it from the data for now. +# +# The Jaluit info governs Kwajalein. + + +# Midway + +# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), +# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection +# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): +# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight +# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, +# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 +# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to +# air at 6am your time. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): +# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they +# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years +# in Midway, but we have no record of it. + +# Nauru + +# From Phake Nick (2018-10-31): +# Currently, the tz database say Nauru use LMT until 1921, and then +# switched to GMT+11:30 for the next two decades. +# However, a number of timezone map published in America/Japan back then +# showed its timezone as GMT+11 per https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/ナウルの標準時 +# And it would also be nice if the 1921 transition date could be sourced. +# ... +# The "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change" +# http://ronlaw.gov.nr/nauru_lpms/files/gazettes/4b23a17d2030150404db7a5fa5872f52.pdf#page=3 +# based on "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change" +# http://www.paclii.org/nr/legis/num_act/nsta1978207/ defined that "Nauru +# Alternative Time" (GMT+12) should be in effect from 1979 Feb. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-19): +# The 1921-01-15 introduction of standard time is in Shanks; it is also in +# "Standard Time Throughout the World", US National Bureau of Standards (1935), +# page 3, which does not give the UT offset. In response to a comment by +# Phake Nick I set the Nauru time of occupation by Japan to +# 1942-08-29/1945-09-08 by using dates from: +# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Nauru + +# Norfolk + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23): +# Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100: +# https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text +# ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015. +# http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf + +# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-28): +# Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted +# the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's +# Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST +# other than in 1974/5. See: +# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html +# However, disagree with timeanddate about the 1975-03-02 transition; +# timeanddate has 02:00 but 02:00s corresponds to what the NSW law said +# (thanks to Michael Deckers). + +# Norfolk started observing Australian DST in spring 2019. +# From Kyle Czech (2019-08-13): +# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2018L01702 +# From Michael Deckers (2019-08-14): +# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2019C00010 + +# Palau +# See commentary for Micronesia. + +# Pitcairn + +# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): +# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 +# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. +# +# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be +# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known +# as Pitcairn Standard Time. +# +# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several +# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation +# somehow in light of this proclamation. + +# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): +# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 +# ... at midnight. + +# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: +# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as +# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be ½ hour different from us here in +# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. + + +# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa + +# Howse writes (p 153) that after the 1879 standardization on Antipodean +# time by the British governor of Fiji, the King of Samoa decided to change +# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, +# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that +# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." +# This happened in 1892, according to the Evening News (Sydney) of 1892-07-20. +# https://webspace.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_alaska_samoa.htm + +# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30 +# in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11 +# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards +# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. +# Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950, +# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a +# day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New +# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. + + +# Tonga + +# From Paul Eggert (2021-03-04): +# In 1943 "The standard time kept is 12 hrs. 19 min. 12 sec. fast +# on Greenwich mean time." according to the Admiralty's Hydrographic +# Dept., Pacific Islands Pilot, Vol. II, 7th ed., 1943, p 360. + +# From Michael Deckers (2021-03-03): +# [Ian R Bartky: "One Time Fits All: The Campaigns for Global Uniformity". +# Stanford University Press. 2007. p. 255]: +# On 10 September 1945 Tonga adopted a standard time 12 hours, +# 20 minutes in advance of Greenwich. + +# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): +# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting +# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." +# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. + +# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle +# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': +# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm +# +# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST +# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its +# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its +# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of +# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13° +# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). +# +# Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince +# Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time +# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. +# +# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer +# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 +# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 +# minutes we have lost?" +# +# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that +# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth +# to say your prayers in the morning." +# +# From Tim Parenti (2021-09-13), per Paul Eggert (2006-03-22) and Michael +# Deckers (2021-03-03): +# Mundell places the transition from +12:20 to +13 in 1941, while Shanks & +# Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01. +# +# The Air Almanac published contemporaneous tables of standard times, +# which listed +12:20 as of Nov 1960 and +13 as of Mar 1961: +# Nov 1960: https://books.google.com/books?id=bVgtWM6kPZUC&pg=SL1-PA19 +# Mar 1961: https://books.google.com/books?id=W2nItAul4g0C&pg=SL1-PA19 +# (Thanks to P Chan for pointing us toward these sources.) +# This agrees with Bartky, who writes that "since 1961 [Tonga's] official time +# has been thirteen hours in advance of Greenwich time" (p. 202) and further +# writes in an endnote that this was because "the legislation was amended" on +# 1960-10-19. (p. 255) +# +# Without greater specificity, presume that Bartky and the Air Almanac point to +# a 1961-01-01 transition, as Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV was still Crown Prince in +# 1961 and this still jives with the gist of Mundell's telling, and go with +# this over Shanks & Pottenger. + +# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): +# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium +# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. +# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from +# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan +# Government. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): +# * Tonga will introduce DST in November +# +# I was given this link by John Letts: +# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm +# +# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November +# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead +# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead +# (12 + 1 hour DST). + +# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): +# According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: +# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 +# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the +# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on +# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and +# set back an hour on the closing date." +# Alas, no indication of the time of day. + +# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): +# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. +# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): +# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com +# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 +# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article +# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the +# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. +# (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) + +# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): +# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. + +# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: +# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom +# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday +# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one +# hour to 1:00am. + +# From Pulu ʻAnau (2002-11-05): +# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. + +# From Pulu ʻAnau (2016-10-27): +# http://mic.gov.to/news-today/press-releases/6375-daylight-saving-set-to-run-from-6-november-2016-to-15-january-2017 +# Cannot find anyone who knows the rules, has seen the duration or has seen +# the cabinet decision, but it appears we are following Fiji's rule set. +# +# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-26): +# Assume Tonga will observe DST from the first Sunday in November at 02:00 +# through the third Sunday in January at 03:00, like Fiji, for now. + +# From David Wade (2017-10-18): +# In August government was dissolved by the King. The current prime minister +# continued in office in care taker mode. It is easy to see that few +# decisions will be made until elections 16th November. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): +# For now, guess that DST is discontinued. That's what the IATA is guessing. + + +############################################################################### + +# The International Date Line + +# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): +# +# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, +# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. +# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on +# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. +# +# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and +# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL +# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most +# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line +# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific +# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international +# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is +# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some +# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not +# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the +# correct date is ambiguous. + +# From Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautical_time> (2023-01-23): +# The nautical time zone system is analogous to the terrestrial time zone +# system for use on high seas. Under the system time changes are required for +# changes of longitude in one-hour steps. The one-hour step corresponds to a +# time zone width of 15° longitude. The 15° gore that is offset from GMT or +# UT1 (not UTC) by twelve hours is bisected by the nautical date line into two +# 7°30' gores that differ from GMT by ±12 hours. A nautical date line is +# implied but not explicitly drawn on time zone maps. It follows the 180th +# meridian except where it is interrupted by territorial waters adjacent to +# land, forming gaps: it is a pole-to-pole dashed line. + +# From Paul Eggert (2023-01-23): +# The American Practical Navigator <https://msi.nga.mil/Publications/APN>, +# 2019 edition, merely says that the International Date Line +# "coincides with the 180th meridian over most of its length." diff --git a/backward b/backward new file mode 100644 index 0000000..65c711b --- /dev/null +++ b/backward @@ -0,0 +1,318 @@ +# tzdb links for backward compatibility + +# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of +# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. + +# This file provides links from old or merged timezone names to current ones. +# Many names changed in 1993 and in 1995, and many merged names moved here +# in the period from 2013 through 2022. Several of these names are +# also present in the file 'backzone', which has data important only +# for pre-1970 timestamps and so is out of scope for tzdb proper. + +# Although this file is optional and tzdb will work if you omit it by +# building with 'make BACKWARD=', in practice downstream users +# typically use this file for backward compatibility. + +# This file is divided into sections, one for each major reason for a +# backward compatibility link. Each section is sorted by link name. + +# A "#= TARGET1" comment labels each link inserted only because some +# .zi parsers (including tzcode through 2022e) mishandle links to links. +# The comment says what the target would be if these parsers were fixed +# so that data could contain links to links. For example, the line +# "Link Australia/Sydney Australia/ACT #= Australia/Canberra" would be +# "Link Australia/Canberra Australia/ACT" were it not that data lines +# refrain from linking to links like Australia/Canberra, which means +# the Australia/ACT line links instead to Australia/Sydney, +# Australia/Canberra's target. + + +# Pre-1993 naming conventions + +# Link TARGET LINK-NAME #= TARGET1 +Link Australia/Sydney Australia/ACT #= Australia/Canberra +Link Australia/Lord_Howe Australia/LHI +Link Australia/Sydney Australia/NSW +Link Australia/Darwin Australia/North +Link Australia/Brisbane Australia/Queensland +Link Australia/Adelaide Australia/South +Link Australia/Hobart Australia/Tasmania +Link Australia/Melbourne Australia/Victoria +Link Australia/Perth Australia/West +Link Australia/Broken_Hill Australia/Yancowinna +Link America/Rio_Branco Brazil/Acre #= America/Porto_Acre +Link America/Noronha Brazil/DeNoronha +Link America/Sao_Paulo Brazil/East +Link America/Manaus Brazil/West +Link America/Halifax Canada/Atlantic +Link America/Winnipeg Canada/Central +# This line is commented out, as the name exceeded the 14-character limit +# and was an unused misnomer. +#Link America/Regina Canada/East-Saskatchewan +Link America/Toronto Canada/Eastern +Link America/Edmonton Canada/Mountain +Link America/St_Johns Canada/Newfoundland +Link America/Vancouver Canada/Pacific +Link America/Regina Canada/Saskatchewan +Link America/Whitehorse Canada/Yukon +Link America/Santiago Chile/Continental +Link Pacific/Easter Chile/EasterIsland +Link America/Havana Cuba +Link Africa/Cairo Egypt +Link Europe/Dublin Eire +# Vanguard section, for most .zi parsers. +#Link GMT Etc/GMT +#Link GMT Etc/GMT+0 +#Link GMT Etc/GMT-0 +#Link GMT Etc/GMT0 +#Link GMT Etc/Greenwich +# Rearguard section, for TZUpdater 2.3.2 and earlier. +Link Etc/GMT Etc/GMT+0 +Link Etc/GMT Etc/GMT-0 +Link Etc/GMT Etc/GMT0 +Link Etc/GMT Etc/Greenwich +# End of rearguard section. +Link Etc/UTC Etc/UCT +Link Etc/UTC Etc/Universal +Link Etc/UTC Etc/Zulu +Link Europe/London GB +Link Europe/London GB-Eire +# Vanguard section, for most .zi parsers. +#Link GMT GMT+0 +#Link GMT GMT-0 +#Link GMT GMT0 +#Link GMT Greenwich +# Rearguard section, for TZUpdater 2.3.2 and earlier. +Link Etc/GMT GMT+0 +Link Etc/GMT GMT-0 +Link Etc/GMT GMT0 +Link Etc/GMT Greenwich +# End of rearguard section. +Link Asia/Hong_Kong Hongkong +Link Africa/Abidjan Iceland #= Atlantic/Reykjavik +Link Asia/Tehran Iran +Link Asia/Jerusalem Israel +Link America/Jamaica Jamaica +Link Asia/Tokyo Japan +Link Pacific/Kwajalein Kwajalein +Link Africa/Tripoli Libya +Link America/Tijuana Mexico/BajaNorte +Link America/Mazatlan Mexico/BajaSur +Link America/Mexico_City Mexico/General +Link Pacific/Auckland NZ +Link Pacific/Chatham NZ-CHAT +Link America/Denver Navajo #= America/Shiprock +Link Asia/Shanghai PRC +Link Europe/Warsaw Poland +Link Europe/Lisbon Portugal +Link Asia/Taipei ROC +Link Asia/Seoul ROK +Link Asia/Singapore Singapore +Link Europe/Istanbul Turkey +Link Etc/UTC UCT +Link America/Anchorage US/Alaska +Link America/Adak US/Aleutian +Link America/Phoenix US/Arizona +Link America/Chicago US/Central +Link America/Indiana/Indianapolis US/East-Indiana +Link America/New_York US/Eastern +Link Pacific/Honolulu US/Hawaii +Link America/Indiana/Knox US/Indiana-Starke +Link America/Detroit US/Michigan +Link America/Denver US/Mountain +Link America/Los_Angeles US/Pacific +Link Pacific/Pago_Pago US/Samoa +Link Etc/UTC UTC +Link Etc/UTC Universal +Link Europe/Moscow W-SU +Link Etc/UTC Zulu + + +# Two-part names that were renamed mostly to three-part names in 1995 + +# Link TARGET LINK-NAME #= TARGET1 +Link America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires America/Buenos_Aires +Link America/Argentina/Catamarca America/Catamarca +Link America/Argentina/Cordoba America/Cordoba +Link America/Indiana/Indianapolis America/Indianapolis +Link America/Argentina/Jujuy America/Jujuy +Link America/Indiana/Knox America/Knox_IN +Link America/Kentucky/Louisville America/Louisville +Link America/Argentina/Mendoza America/Mendoza +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Virgin #= America/St_Thomas +Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Samoa + + +# Pre-2013 practice, which typically had a Zone per zone.tab line + +# Link TARGET LINK-NAME +Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Accra +Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa +Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara +Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako +Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui +Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul +Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre +Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville +Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura +Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry +Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar +Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam +Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti +Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala +Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown +Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone +Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare +Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala +Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali +Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa +Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville +Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome +Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda +Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi +Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka +Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo +Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru +Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane +Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu +Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey +Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott +Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou +Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Anguilla +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Antigua +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Aruba +Link America/Panama America/Atikokan +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Blanc-Sablon +Link America/Panama America/Cayman +Link America/Phoenix America/Creston +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Curacao +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Dominica +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Grenada +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Guadeloupe +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Kralendijk +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Lower_Princes +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Marigot +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Montserrat +Link America/Toronto America/Nassau +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Port_of_Spain +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/St_Barthelemy +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/St_Kitts +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/St_Lucia +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/St_Thomas +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/St_Vincent +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Tortola +Link Pacific/Port_Moresby Antarctica/DumontDUrville +Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo +Link Asia/Riyadh Antarctica/Syowa +Link Europe/Berlin Arctic/Longyearbyen +Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden +Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain +Link Asia/Kuching Asia/Brunei +Link Asia/Singapore Asia/Kuala_Lumpur +Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait +Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat +Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh +Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane +Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/Reykjavik +Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena +Link Europe/Brussels Europe/Amsterdam +Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava +Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen +Link Europe/Berlin Europe/Copenhagen +Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey +Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man +Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey +Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana +Link Europe/Brussels Europe/Luxembourg +Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn +Link Europe/Paris Europe/Monaco +Link Europe/Berlin Europe/Oslo +Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica +Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino +Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo +Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje +Link Europe/Berlin Europe/Stockholm +Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz +Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican +Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb +Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo +Link Asia/Bangkok Indian/Christmas +Link Asia/Yangon Indian/Cocos +Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro +Link Indian/Maldives Indian/Kerguelen +Link Asia/Dubai Indian/Mahe +Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte +Link Asia/Dubai Indian/Reunion +Link Pacific/Port_Moresby Pacific/Chuuk +Link Pacific/Tarawa Pacific/Funafuti +Link Pacific/Tarawa Pacific/Majuro +Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway +Link Pacific/Guadalcanal Pacific/Pohnpei +Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan +Link Pacific/Tarawa Pacific/Wake +Link Pacific/Tarawa Pacific/Wallis + + +# Non-zone.tab locations with timestamps since 1970 that duplicate +# those of an existing location + +# Link TARGET LINK-NAME +Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Timbuktu +Link America/Argentina/Catamarca America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia +Link America/Adak America/Atka +Link America/Panama America/Coral_Harbour +Link America/Tijuana America/Ensenada +Link America/Indiana/Indianapolis America/Fort_Wayne +Link America/Toronto America/Montreal +Link America/Toronto America/Nipigon +Link America/Iqaluit America/Pangnirtung +Link America/Rio_Branco America/Porto_Acre +Link America/Winnipeg America/Rainy_River +Link America/Argentina/Cordoba America/Rosario +Link America/Tijuana America/Santa_Isabel +Link America/Denver America/Shiprock +Link America/Toronto America/Thunder_Bay +Link America/Edmonton America/Yellowknife +Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/South_Pole +Link Asia/Shanghai Asia/Chongqing +Link Asia/Shanghai Asia/Harbin +Link Asia/Urumqi Asia/Kashgar +Link Asia/Jerusalem Asia/Tel_Aviv +Link Europe/Berlin Atlantic/Jan_Mayen +Link Australia/Sydney Australia/Canberra +Link Australia/Hobart Australia/Currie +Link Europe/London Europe/Belfast +Link Europe/Chisinau Europe/Tiraspol +Link Europe/Kyiv Europe/Uzhgorod +Link Europe/Kyiv Europe/Zaporozhye +Link Pacific/Kanton Pacific/Enderbury +Link Pacific/Honolulu Pacific/Johnston +Link Pacific/Port_Moresby Pacific/Yap + + +# Alternate names for the same location + +# Link TARGET LINK-NAME #= TARGET1 +Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmera #= Africa/Asmara +Link America/Nuuk America/Godthab +Link Asia/Ashgabat Asia/Ashkhabad +Link Asia/Kolkata Asia/Calcutta +Link Asia/Shanghai Asia/Chungking #= Asia/Chongqing +Link Asia/Dhaka Asia/Dacca +# Istanbul is in both continents. +Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul +Link Asia/Kathmandu Asia/Katmandu +Link Asia/Macau Asia/Macao +Link Asia/Yangon Asia/Rangoon +Link Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh Asia/Saigon +Link Asia/Thimphu Asia/Thimbu +Link Asia/Makassar Asia/Ujung_Pandang +Link Asia/Ulaanbaatar Asia/Ulan_Bator +Link Atlantic/Faroe Atlantic/Faeroe +Link Europe/Kyiv Europe/Kiev +# Classically, Cyprus is in Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. +# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. +Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia +Link Pacific/Guadalcanal Pacific/Ponape #= Pacific/Pohnpei +Link Pacific/Port_Moresby Pacific/Truk #= Pacific/Chuuk diff --git a/backzone b/backzone new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f452503 --- /dev/null +++ b/backzone @@ -0,0 +1,1834 @@ +# Zones that go back beyond the scope of the tz database + +# This file is in the public domain. + +# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know +# better, go ahead and edit it (and please send any changes to +# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see +# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. + +# When proposing changes to this file, please use 'git format-patch' +# format, either by attaching the resulting .patch file to your email, +# or by using 'git send-email'. This will help maintainers save time. + + +# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31): + +# This file contains data outside the normal scope of the tz database, +# in that its zones do not differ from normal tz zones after 1970. +# Links in this file point to zones in this file, superseding links in +# the file 'backward'. + +# Although zones in this file may be of some use for analyzing +# pre-1970 timestamps, they are less reliable, cover only a tiny +# sliver of the pre-1970 era, and cannot feasibly be improved to cover +# most of the era. Because the zones are out of normal scope for the +# database, less effort is put into maintaining this file. Many of +# the zones were formerly in other source files, but were removed or +# replaced by links as their data entries were questionable and/or they +# differed from other zones only in pre-1970 timestamps. + +# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: +# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), +# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). +# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. + +# This file is not intended to be compiled standalone, as it +# assumes rules from other files. In the tz distribution, use +# 'make PACKRATDATA=backzone zones' to compile and install this file. + + +# From Paul Eggert (2020-04-15): +# The following remarks should be incorporated into this table sometime. +# Patches in 'git format-patch' format would be welcome. +# +# From Phake Nick (2020-04-15): +# ... the historical timezone data for those China zones seems to be +# incorrect. The transition to GMT+8 date given there for these zones +# were 1980 which also contradict the file description that they do +# not disagree with normal zone after 1970. According to sources that +# have also been cited in the asia file, except Xinjiang and Tibet, +# they should have adopted the Beijing Time from around 1949/1950 +# depends on exactly when each of those cities were taken over by the +# communist army. And they should also follow the DST setting of +# Asia/Shanghai after that point of time. In addition, +# http://gaz.ncl.edu.tw/detail.jsp?sysid=E1091792 the document from +# Chongqing Nationalist government say in year 1945 all of China +# should adopt summer time due to the war (not sure whether it +# continued after WWII ends)(Probably only enforced in area under +# their rule at the time?) The Asia/Harbin's 1932 and 1940 entry +# should also be incorrect. As per sources recorded at +# https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/%E6%BA%80%E5%B7%9E%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AE%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%99%82 +# , in 1932 Harbin should have adopted UTC+8:00 instead of data +# currently listed in the tz database according to official +# announcement from Manchuko. And they should have adopted GMT+9 in +# 1937 January 1st according to official announcement at the time +# being cited on the webpage. + + +# Zones are sorted by zone name. Each zone is preceded by the +# name of the country that the zone is in, along with any other +# commentary and rules associated with the entry. +# If the zone overrides links in the main data, it +# is followed by the corresponding Link lines. +# If the zone overrides main-data links only when building with +# PACKRATLIST=zone.tab, it is followed by a commented-out Link line +# that starts with "#PACKRATLIST zone.tab". +# +# As explained in the zic man page, the zone columns are: +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +# and the rule columns are: +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S + + +# Ghana + +# From P Chan (2020-11-20): +# Interpretation Amendment Ordinance, 1915 (No.24 of 1915) [1915-11-02] +# Ordinances of the Gold Coast, Ashanti, Northern Territories 1915, p 69-71 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=ErA-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA70 +# This Ordinance added "'Time' shall mean Greenwich Mean Time" to the +# Interpretation Ordinance, 1876. +# +# Determination of the Time Ordinance, 1919 (No. 18 of 1919) [1919-11-24] +# Ordinances of the Gold Coast, Ashanti, Northern Territories 1919, p 75-76 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=MbA-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA75 +# This Ordinance removed the previous definition of time and introduced DST. +# +# Time Determination Ordinance (Cap. 214) +# The Laws of the Gold Coast (including Togoland Under British Mandate) +# Vol. II (1937), p 2328 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=Z7M-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA2328 +# Revised edition of the 1919 Ordinance. +# +# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1940 (No. 9 of 1940) [1940-04-06] +# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: +# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1940, p 22 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=1ao-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA22 +# This Ordinance changed the forward transition from September to May. +# +# Defence (Time Determination Ordinance Amendment) Regulations, 1942 +# (Regulations No. 6 of 1942) [1942-01-31, commenced on 1942-02-08] +# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: +# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1942, p 48 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=Das-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA48 +# These regulations advanced the [standard] time by thirty minutes. +# +# Defence (Time Determination Ordinance Amendment (No.2)) Regulations, +# 1942 (Regulations No. 28 of 1942) [1942-04-25] +# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: +# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1942, p 87 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=Das-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA87 +# These regulations abolished DST and changed the time to GMT+0:30. +# +# Defence (Revocation) (No.4) Regulations, 1945 (Regulations No. 45 of +# 1945) [1945-10-24, commenced on 1946-01-06] +# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: +# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1945, p 256 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=9as-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA256 +# These regulations revoked the previous two sets of Regulations. +# +# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1945 (No. 18 of 1945) [1946-01-06] +# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: +# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1945, p 69 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=9as-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA69 +# This Ordinance abolished DST. +# +# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1950 (No. 26 of 1950) [1950-07-22] +# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: +# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1950, p 35 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=e60-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA35 +# This Ordinance restored DST but with thirty minutes offset. +# +# Time Determination Ordinance (Cap. 264) +# The Laws of the Gold Coast, Vol. V (1954), p 380 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=Mqc-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA380 +# Revised edition of the Time Determination Ordinance. +# +# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1956 (No. 21 of 1956) [1956-08-29] +# Annual Volume of the Ordinances of the Gold Coast Enacted During the +# Year 1956, p 83 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=VLE-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA83 +# This Ordinance abolished DST. + +Rule Ghana 1919 only - Nov 24 0:00 0:20 +0020 +Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT +Rule Ghana 1920 1939 - Sep 1 2:00 0:20 +0020 +Rule Ghana 1940 1941 - May 1 2:00 0:20 +0020 +Rule Ghana 1950 1955 - Sep 1 2:00 0:30 +0030 +Rule Ghana 1951 1956 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT + +Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1915 Nov 2 + 0:00 Ghana %s 1942 Feb 8 + 0:30 - +0030 1946 Jan 6 + 0:00 Ghana %s + +# Ethiopia +# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31): +# Like the Swahili of Kenya and Tanzania, many Ethiopians keep a +# 12-hour clock starting at our 06:00, so their "8 o'clock" is our +# 02:00 or 14:00. Keep this in mind when you ask the time in Amharic. +# +# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly spaced time +# zones between 1870 and 1890, that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in +# 1890, and that they switched to 3:00 on 1936-05-05. Perhaps 38E50 +# was for Adis Dera. Quite likely the Shanks data entries are wrong +# anyway. +Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 + 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT + 3:00 - EAT + +# Eritrea +Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 + 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time + 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT + 3:00 - EAT +Link Africa/Asmara Africa/Asmera + +# Mali (southern) +Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912 + 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 + -1:00 - -01 1960 Jun 20 + 0:00 - GMT +#PACKRATLIST zone.tab Link Africa/Bamako Africa/Timbuktu + +# Central African Republic +Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912 + 1:00 - WAT + +# The Gambia +# From P Chan (2020-12-09): +# Standard time of GMT-1 was adopted on 1933-04-01. On 1942-02-01, GMT was +# adopted as a war time measure. This was made permanent in 1946. +# +# Interpretation Ordinance, 1914 (No. 12 of 1914) [1914-09-29] +# Interpretation Ordinance, 1933 (No. 10 of 1933) [1933-03-31] +# Notice No. 5 of 1942, Colony of the Gambia Government Gazette, Vol. LIX, +# No.2, 1942-01-15, p 2 +# Interpretation (Amendment) Ordinance, 1946 (No. 3 of 1946) [1946-07-15] +Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912 + -1:06:36 - BMT 1933 Apr 1 # Banjul Mean Time + -1:00 - -01 1942 Feb 1 0:00 + 0:00 - GMT + +# Malawi +# From P Chan (2020-12-09): +# In 1911, Zomba mean time was adopted as the legal time of Nyasaland. In +# 1914, Zomba mean time switched from GMT+2:21:10 to GMT+2:21. On 1925-07-01, +# GMT+2 was adopted. +# +# Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance, 1911 (No. 12 of 1911) +# [1911-07-24] +# Notice No. 124 of 1914, 1914-06-30, The Nyasaland Government Gazette, Vol. +# XXI, No. 8, 1914-06-30, p 122 +# Interpretation and General Clauses (Amendment) Ordinance, 1925 (No. 3 of +# 1925) [1925-04-02] +Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1911 Jul 24 + 2:21:10 - ZMT 1914 Jun 30 # Zomba Mean Time + 2:21 - ZMT 1925 Jul 1 + 2:00 - CAT + +# Republic of the Congo +Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912 + 1:00 - WAT + +# Burundi +Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890 + 2:00 - CAT + +# Guinea +Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912 + 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 + -1:00 - -01 1960 + 0:00 - GMT + +# Senegal +Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912 + -1:00 - -01 1941 Jun + 0:00 - GMT + +# Tanzania +Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 + 3:00 - EAT 1948 + 2:45 - +0245 1961 + 3:00 - EAT + +# Djibouti +Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul + 3:00 - EAT + +# Cameroon +# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger. +Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912 + 1:00 - WAT +# Sierra Leone +# From P Chan (2020-12-09): +# Standard time of GMT-1 was adopted on 1913-07-01. Twenty minutes of DST was +# introduce[d] in 1932 and was suspended in 1939. In 1941, GMT was adopted by +# Defence Regulations. This was made permanent in 1946. +# +# Government Notice No. 121 of 1913, 1913-06-06, Sierra Leone Royal Gazette, +# Vol. XLIV, No. 1384, 1913-06-14, p 347 +# Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1932 (No. 34 of 1932) [1932-12-01] +# Alteration of Time (Amendment) Ordinance, 1938 (No. 25 of 1938) [1938-11-24] +# Defence Regulations (No. 9), 1939 (Regulations No. 9 of 1939), 1939-09-05 +# Defence Regulations (No. 11), 1939 (Regulations No. 11 of 1939), 1939-09-27 +# Defence (Amendment) (No. 17) Regulations, 1941 (Public Notice No. 157 of +# 1941), 1914-12-04 +# Alteration of Time (Amendment) Ordinance, 1946 (No. 2 of 1946) [1946-02-07] + +# From Tim Parenti (2021-03-02), per P Chan (2021-02-25): +# For Sierra Leone in 1957-1962, the standard time was defined in the +# Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1932 (as amended in 1946, renamed to Local Time +# Ordinance in 1960 and Local Time Act in 1961). It was unamended throughout +# that period. See references to "Time" in the Alphabetical Index of the +# Legislation in force on the 31st day of December, +# 1957: https://books.google.com/books?id=lvQ-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA49 +# 1958: https://books.google.com/books?id=4fQ-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA50 +# 1959: https://books.google.com/books?id=p_U-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA55 +# 1960: https://books.google.com/books?id=JPY-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA37 +# 1961: https://books.google.com/books?id=7vY-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA41 +# 1962: https://books.google.com/books?id=W_c-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA44 +# 1963: https://books.google.com/books?id=9vk-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA47 +# +# Although Shanks & Pottenger had DST from Jun 1 00:00 to Sep 1 00:00 in this +# period, many contemporaneous almanacs agree that it wasn't used: +# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2021-February/029866.html +# Go with the above. + +Rule SL 1932 only - Dec 1 0:00 0:20 -0040 +Rule SL 1933 1938 - Mar 31 24:00 0 -01 +Rule SL 1933 1939 - Aug 31 24:00 0:20 -0040 +Rule SL 1939 only - May 31 24:00 0 -01 + +Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882 + -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jul 1 # Freetown MT + -1:00 SL %s 1939 Sep 5 + -1:00 - -01 1941 Dec 6 24:00 + 0:00 - GMT + +# Botswana +# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): +# Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899; +# assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did. +Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 + 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar + 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 + 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 + 2:00 - CAT + +# Zimbabwe +Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar + 2:00 - CAT + +# Uganda +Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul + 3:00 - EAT 1930 + 2:30 - +0230 1948 + 2:45 - +0245 1957 + 3:00 - EAT + +# Rwanda +Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun + 2:00 - CAT + +# Democratic Republic of the Congo (west) +Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 + 1:00 - WAT + +# Gabon +Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912 + 1:00 - WAT + +# Togo +Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893 + 0:00 - GMT + +# Angola +# +# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): +# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, +# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree +# (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect. +# +Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892 + 0:52:04 - LMT 1911 Dec 31 23:00u # Luanda MT? + 1:00 - WAT + +# Democratic Republic of the Congo (east) +# +# From Alois Treindl (2022-02-28): +# My main source for its time zone history is +# Henri le Corre, Régimes horaires pour l'Europe et l'Afrique. +# Shanks follows le Corre. As does Françoise Schneider-Gauquelin in her book +# Problèmes de l'heure résolus pour le monde entier. +# +Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 + 1:00 - WAT 1920 Apr 25 + 2:00 - CAT + +# Zambia +Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar + 2:00 - CAT + +# Equatorial Guinea +# +# Although Shanks says that Malabo switched from UT +00 to +01 on 1963-12-15, +# a Google Books search says that London Calling, Issues 432-465 (1948), p 19, +# says that Spanish Guinea was at +01 back then. The Shanks data entries +# are most likely wrong, but we have nothing better; use them here for now. +# +Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912 + 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15 + 1:00 - WAT + +# Lesotho +Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar + 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00 + 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 + 2:00 - SAST + +# Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) +Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar + 2:00 - SAST + +# Somalia +Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov + 3:00 - EAT 1931 + 2:30 - +0230 1957 + 3:00 - EAT + +# Niger +Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912 + -1:00 - -01 1934 Feb 26 + 0:00 - GMT 1960 + 1:00 - WAT + +# Mauritania +Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912 + 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 + -1:00 - -01 1960 Nov 28 + 0:00 - GMT + +# Burkina Faso +Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912 + 0:00 - GMT + +# Benin +# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; +# go with Shanks & Pottenger. +Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 + 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 + 1:00 - WAT + +# Mali (northern) +Zone Africa/Timbuktu -0:12:04 - LMT 1912 + 0:00 - GMT + +# Anguilla +Zone America/Anguilla -4:12:16 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 + -4:00 - AST + +# Antigua and Barbuda +Zone America/Antigua -4:07:12 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 + -5:00 - EST 1951 + -4:00 - AST + +# Chubut, Argentina +# The name "Comodoro Rivadavia" exceeds the 14-byte POSIX limit. +Zone America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia -4:30:00 - LMT 1894 Oct 31 + -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May + -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec + -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1991 Mar 3 + -4:00 - -04 1991 Oct 20 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1999 Oct 3 + -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3 + -3:00 - -03 2004 Jun 1 + -4:00 - -04 2004 Jun 20 + -3:00 - -03 + +# Aruba +Zone America/Aruba -4:40:24 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Oranjestad + -4:30 - -0430 1965 + -4:00 - AST + +# Atikokan, Ontario + +# From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17): +# Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star +# says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST, +# but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT. +# He also writes that the Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9) +# http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html +# says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT. +# Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report +# concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): +# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and +# New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes +# CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in +# violation of the official Ontario rules. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09): +# Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the +# 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said: +# +# The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round. +# This means they spend about half the time on central time and +# the other half on eastern time. +# +# For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said. +# +# "The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern +# Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he +# said. "I don't see any changes happening here." +# +# Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang +# [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice." + +# From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton: +# I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory +# and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he +# can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current +# time keeping since 1952, at least. + +# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17): +# Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River +# ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from +# McKinnon sounds more authoritative. For now, assume that Atikokan +# switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time +# ended. This matches the old (less populous) America/Coral_Harbour +# entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move +# America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file. + +Zone America/Atikokan -6:06:28 - LMT 1895 + -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29 + -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s + -6:00 Canada C%sT 1945 Sep 30 2:00 + -5:00 - EST +#PACKRATLIST zone.tab Link America/Atikokan America/Coral_Harbour + +# Quebec east of Natashquan + +# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-09): +# H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map +# "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998) +# http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/alacarte.asp +# says that Quebec east of the -63 meridian is supposed to observe +# AST, but residents as far east as Natashquan use EST/EDT, and +# residents east of Natashquan use AST. +# The Quebec department of justice writes in +# "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Côte-Nord" +# https://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/en/department/ministre/functions-and-responsabilities/legal-time-in-quebec/the-situation-in-minganie-and-basse-cote-nord/ +# that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon +# observes Atlantic standard time all year round. +# This common practice was codified into law as of 2007; see Legal Time Act, +# CQLR c T-5.1 <http://legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/ShowDoc/cs/T-5.1>. +# For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to +# Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT. + +Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 - LMT 1884 + -4:00 Canada A%sT 1970 + -4:00 - AST + +# Cayman Is +Zone America/Cayman -5:25:32 - LMT 1890 # Georgetown + -5:07:10 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time + -5:00 - EST + +# United States +# +# From Paul Eggert (2018-03-18): +# America/Chillicothe would be tricky, as it was a city of two-timers: +# "To prevent a constant mixup at Chillicothe, caused by the courthouse +# clock running on central time and the city running on 'daylight saving' +# time, a third hand was added to the dial of the courthouse clock." +# -- Ohio news in brief. The Cedarville Herald. 1920-05-21;43(21):1 (col. 5) +# https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/cedarville_herald/794 + +# Canada +Zone America/Coral_Harbour -5:32:40 - LMT 1884 + -5:00 NT_YK E%sT 1946 + -5:00 - EST + +# From Chris Walton (2011-12-01): +# There are two areas within the Canadian province of British Columbia +# that do not currently observe daylight saving: +# a) The Creston Valley (includes the town of Creston and surrounding area) +# b) The eastern half of the Peace River Regional District +# (includes the cities of Dawson Creek and Fort St. John) + +# Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time +# keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the +# manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009. +# http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260 +# According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918. +# i.e. Creston has been stuck on UT-7 for 93 years. +# Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972. + +# Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains +# unknown and will be difficult to ascertain. I e-mailed Tammy a few months +# ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess. She said it was just +# as plausible as any other date (in June). She also said that after writing +# the article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the +# subject of another article which she wrote in October 2010. +# http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56 + +# Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history: +# 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7) +# Exact date unknown +# 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8) +# Exact date in October unknown; Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess. +# 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7) +# Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess. +# note 1: +# On Oct 27/1918 when daylight saving ended in the rest of Canada, +# Creston did not change its clocks. +# note 2: +# During WWII when the Federal Government legislated a mandatory clock change, +# Creston did not oblige. +# note 3: +# There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time +# (UTC-7) forever. +# The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council. +# http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html + +# During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada. +# In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying +# summer time to cause the offset to be -7:00, the same as it had been before +# the change. It can be argued that the timezone abbreviation during this +# period should be PDT rather than MST, but that doesn't seem important enough +# (to anyone) to further complicate the rules. + +# The transition dates (and times) are guesses. + +Zone America/Creston -7:46:04 - LMT 1884 + -7:00 - MST 1916 Oct 1 + -8:00 - PST 1918 Jun 2 + -7:00 - MST + +# Curaçao +# Milne gives 4:35:46.9 for Curaçao mean time; round to nearest. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# Shanks & Pottenger say that The Bottom and Philipsburg have been at +# -4:00 since standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that +# Kralendijk and Rincon used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from +# 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01. The former is dubious, since S&P also say +# Saba Island has been like Curaçao. +# This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though. +# +# By July 2007 Curaçao and St Maarten are planned to become +# associated states within the Netherlands, much like Aruba; +# Bonaire, Saba and St Eustatius would become directly part of the +# Netherlands as Kingdom Islands. This won't affect their time zones +# though, as far as we know. +# +Zone America/Curacao -4:35:47 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Willemstad + -4:30 - -0430 1965 + -4:00 - AST +Link America/Curacao America/Kralendijk +Link America/Curacao America/Lower_Princes + +# Dominica +Zone America/Dominica -4:05:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Roseau + -4:00 - AST + +# Baja California +# See 'northamerica' for why this entry is here rather than there. +Zone America/Ensenada -7:46:28 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:13:32 + -8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 + -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 16 + -8:00 - PST 1942 Apr + -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14 + -8:00 - PST 1996 + -8:00 Mexico P%sT + +# Grenada +Zone America/Grenada -4:07:00 - LMT 1911 Jul # St George's + -4:00 - AST + +# Guadeloupe +Zone America/Guadeloupe -4:06:08 - LMT 1911 Jun 8 # Pointe-à-Pitre + -4:00 - AST + + +# Canada +# +# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-24): +# Since 1970 most of Quebec has been like Toronto; see +# America/Toronto. However, earlier versions of the tz database +# mistakenly relied on data from Shanks & Pottenger saying that Quebec +# differed from Ontario after 1970, and the following rules and zone +# were created for most of Quebec from the incorrect Shanks & +# Pottenger data. The post-1970 entries have been corrected, but the +# pre-1970 entries are unchecked and probably have errors. +# +Rule Mont 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Mont 1917 only - Apr 24 0:00 0 S +Rule Mont 1919 only - Mar 31 2:30 1:00 D +Rule Mont 1919 only - Oct 25 2:30 0 S +Rule Mont 1920 only - May 2 2:30 1:00 D +Rule Mont 1920 1922 - Oct Sun>=1 2:30 0 S +Rule Mont 1921 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Mont 1922 only - Apr 30 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Mont 1924 only - May 17 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Mont 1924 1926 - Sep lastSun 2:30 0 S +Rule Mont 1925 1926 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Mont 1927 1937 - Apr lastSat 24:00 1:00 D +Rule Mont 1927 1937 - Sep lastSat 24:00 0 S +Rule Mont 1938 1940 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Mont 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S +Rule Mont 1946 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Mont 1945 1948 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Mont 1949 1950 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Mont 1951 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Mont 1957 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Zone America/Montreal -4:54:16 - LMT 1884 + -5:00 Mont E%sT 1918 + -5:00 Canada E%sT 1919 + -5:00 Mont E%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s + -5:00 Canada E%sT 1946 + -5:00 Mont E%sT 1974 + -5:00 Canada E%sT + +# Montserrat +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# In 1995 volcanic eruptions forced evacuation of Plymouth, the capital. +# world.gazetteer.com says Cork Hill is the most populous location now. +Zone America/Montserrat -4:08:52 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Cork Hill + -4:00 - AST + +# The Bahamas +# +# For 1899 Milne gives -5:09:29.5; round that. +# +# From P Chan (2020-11-27, corrected on 2020-12-02): +# There were two periods of DST observed in 1942-1945: 1942-05-01 +# midnight to 1944-12-31 midnight and 1945-02-01 to 1945-10-17 midnight. +# "midnight" should mean 24:00 from the context. +# +# War Time Order 1942 [1942-05-01] and War Time (No. 2) Order 1942 [1942-09-29] +# Appendix to the Statutes of 7 George VI. and the Year 1942. p 34, 43 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA34 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA43 +# +# War Time Order 1943 [1943-03-31] and War Time Order 1944 [1943-12-29] +# Appendix to the Statutes of 8 George VI. and the Year 1943. p 9-10, 28-29 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA4-PA9 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA4-PA28 +# +# War Time Order 1945 [1945-01-31] and the Order which revoke War Time Order +# 1945 [1945-10-16] Appendix to the Statutes of 9 George VI. and the Year +# 1945. p 160, 247-248 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA6-PA160 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA6-PA247 +# +# From Sue Williams (2006-12-07): +# The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST +# rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007.... +# http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412 + +Rule Bahamas 1942 only - May 1 24:00 1:00 W +Rule Bahamas 1944 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 S +Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Feb 1 0:00 1:00 W +Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace +Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Oct 17 24:00 0 S +Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D + +Zone America/Nassau -5:09:30 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 + -5:00 Bahamas E%sT 1976 + -5:00 US E%sT + +# Canada +# From Chris Walton (2022-10-15): +# I would also like to see America/Nipigon and America/Rainy_River converted +# into link entries because I have zero faith in the current Shanks based data. +# From Paul Eggert (2022-10-15): +# These are now links in the primary data. Also see America/Thunder_Bay. +Zone America/Nipigon -5:53:04 - LMT 1895 + -5:00 Canada E%sT 1940 Sep 29 + -5:00 1:00 EDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s + -5:00 Canada E%sT + +# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): +# On October 31, when the rest of Nunavut went to Central time, +# Pangnirtung wobbled. Here is the result of their wobble: +# +# The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Central Time: +# +# First Air, Power Corp, Nunavut Construction, Health Center, RCMP, +# Eastern Arctic National Parks, A & D Specialist +# +# The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Eastern Time: +# +# Hamlet office, All other businesses, Both schools, Airport operator +# +# This has made for an interesting situation there, which warranted the news. +# No one there that I spoke with seems concerned, or has plans to +# change the local methods of keeping time, as it evidently does not +# really interfere with any activities or make things difficult locally. +# They plan to celebrate New Year's turn-over twice, one hour apart, +# so it appears that the situation will last at least that long. +# The Nunavut Intergovernmental Affairs hopes that they will "come to +# their senses", but the locals evidently don't see any problem with +# the current state of affairs. + +# From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the +# Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19): +# http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html +# Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones, +# central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time +# for municipal offices and schools.... Igloolik [was similar but then] +# made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6. + +# From Chris Walton (2022-11-06): +# The implication is that Pangnirtung and Qikiqtarjuaq have observed Eastern +# Time as far back as 1984 (and likely even further back than that). +# It is possible that these communities never actually observed Atlantic +# Time, but that would be difficult to prove. +# From Paul Eggert (2022-11-06): +# This is in 'backzone' as we have no good evidence that Pangnirtung differs +# from America/Iqaluit since 1970. A Google Books snippet view of +# volume 2, page 186 of "Pilot of Arctic Canada", published 1959 by +# the Canadian Hydrographic Service, suggests (though does not state) +# that Pangnirtung observed EST then. +# +# aka Panniqtuuq +Zone America/Pangnirtung 0 - -00 1921 # trading post est. + -5:00 NT_YK E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00 + -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00 + -5:00 Canada E%sT + +# United States +# +# From Paul Eggert (2018-03-18): +# America/Palm_Springs would be tricky, as it kept two sets of clocks +# in 1946/7. See the following notes. +# +# From Steve Allen (2018-01-19): +# The shadow of Mt. San Jacinto brings darkness very early in the winter +# months. In 1946 the chamber of commerce decided to put the clocks of Palm +# Springs forward by an hour in the winter. +# https://www.desertsun.com/story/life/2017/12/27/palm-springs-struggle-daylight-savings-time-and-idea-sun-time/984416001/ +# Desert Sun, Number 18, 1 November 1946 +# https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19461101 +# has proposal for meeting on front page and page 21. +# Desert Sun, Number 19, 5 November 1946 +# https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19461105 +# reports that Sun Time won at the meeting on front page and page 5. +# Desert Sun, Number 37, 7 January 1947 +# https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19470107.2.12 +# front page reports request to abandon Sun Time and page 7 notes a "class war". +# Desert Sun, Number 38, 10 January 1947 +# https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19470110 +# front page reports on end. + +# Trinidad and Tobago +Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 + -4:00 - AST +Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Marigot +Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Barthelemy + +# Canada +# From Chris Walton (2022-10-15): +# I would also like to see America/Nipigon and America/Rainy_River converted +# into link entries because I have zero faith in the current Shanks based data. +# From Paul Eggert (2022-10-15): +# These are now links in the primary data. Also see America/Thunder_Bay. +Zone America/Rainy_River -6:18:16 - LMT 1895 + -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29 + -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s + -6:00 Canada C%sT + +# Argentina +# This entry was intended for the following areas, but has been superseded by +# more detailed zones. +# Santa Fe (SF), Entre Ríos (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN), Chaco (CC), +# Formosa (FM), La Pampa (LP), Chubut (CH) +Zone America/Rosario -4:02:40 - LMT 1894 Nov + -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May + -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec + -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1991 Jul + -3:00 - -03 1999 Oct 3 0:00 + -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3 0:00 + -3:00 - -03 + +# St Kitts-Nevis +Zone America/St_Kitts -4:10:52 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 # Basseterre + -4:00 - AST + +# St Lucia +Zone America/St_Lucia -4:04:00 - LMT 1890 # Castries + -4:04:00 - CMT 1912 # Castries Mean Time + -4:00 - AST + +# US Virgin Is +Zone America/St_Thomas -4:19:44 - LMT 1911 Jul # Charlotte Amalie + -4:00 - AST +Link America/St_Thomas America/Virgin + +# St Vincent and the Grenadines +Zone America/St_Vincent -4:04:56 - LMT 1890 # Kingstown + -4:04:56 - KMT 1912 # Kingstown Mean Time + -4:00 - AST + +# Canada +# +# From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27): +# Willett (1914-03) writes (p. 17) "In the Cities of Fort William, and +# Port Arthur, Ontario, the principle of the Bill has been in +# operation for the past three years, and in the City of Moose Jaw, +# Saskatchewan, for one year." +# +# From David Bryan via Tory Tronrud, Director/Curator, +# Thunder Bay Museum (2003-11-12): +# There is some suggestion, however, that, by-law or not, daylight +# savings time was being practiced in Fort William and Port Arthur +# before 1909.... [I]n 1910, the line between the Eastern and Central +# Time Zones was permanently moved about two hundred miles west to +# include the Thunder Bay area.... When Canada adopted daylight +# savings time in 1916, Fort William and Port Arthur, having done so +# already, did not change their clocks.... During the Second World +# War,... [t]he cities agreed to implement DST during the summer +# months for the remainder of the war years. +# +# From Jeffery Nichols (2020-02-06): +# According to the [Shanks] atlas, those western Ontario zones are huge, +# covering most of Ontario northwest of Sault Ste Marie and Timmins. +# The zones seem to include towns bigger than the ones they're named after, +# like Dryden in America/Rainy_River and Wawa (and maybe Attawapiskat) in +# America/Nipigon. I assume it's too much trouble to change the name of the +# zone (like when you found out that America/Glace_Bay includes Sydney, Nova +# Scotia).... +# +# From Chris Walton (2022-10-15): +# The TZ database currently shows that Thunder Bay has observed daylight +# saving every year from 1970 onwards with the exception of 1973. +# Back in July I raised some doubts on this mailing list about the 1973 data. +# I now have more proof that it is wrong. +# [attached Chronicle-Journal front pages, 1973-04-28 and 1973-10-27] +# +# From Paul Eggert (2022-10-15): +# This is now a link in the primary data. The following entry is +# from Shanks & Pottenger, with corrections as noted above. +# +Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 - LMT 1895 + -6:00 - CST 1910 + -5:00 - EST 1942 + -5:00 Canada E%sT 1970 + -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1974 + -5:00 Canada E%sT + +# British Virgin Is +Zone America/Tortola -4:18:28 - LMT 1911 Jul # Road Town + -4:00 - AST + +# Yellowknife, Northwest Territories +Zone America/Yellowknife 0 - -00 1935 # Yellowknife founded? + -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1980 + -7:00 Canada M%sT + +# Dumont d'Urville, Île des Pétrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11 +# <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station> (2005-12-05) +# +# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947. +# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. +# +Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - -00 1947 + 10:00 - +10 1952 Jan 14 + 0 - -00 1956 Nov + 10:00 - +10 + +# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12 +Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - -00 1956 + 12:00 NZ NZ%sT +Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole + +# Syowa, Antarctica +# +# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06): +# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time. +# +# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan, +# was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main +# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location. +# See: +# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17) +# http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html +Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - -00 1957 Jan 29 + 3:00 - +03 + +# Yemen +# Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden, +# and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia. +Zone Asia/Aden 2:59:54 - LMT 1950 + 3:00 - +03 + +# Bahrain +# +# From Paul Eggert (2020-07-23): +# Most of this data comes from: +# Stewart A. Why Gulf Standard Time is far from standard: the fascinating story +# behind the time zone's invention. The National (Abu Dhabi). 2020-07-22. +# https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/why-gulf-standard-time-is-far-from-standard-the-fascinating-story-behind-the-time-zone-s-invention-1.1052589 +# Stewart writes that before 1941 some companies in Bahrain were at +0330 and +# others at +0323. Reginald George Alban, a British political agent based in +# Manama, worked to standardize this, and from 1941-07-20 Bahrain was at +# +0330. However, BOAC asked that clocks be moved to gain more light at day's +# end, so Bahrain switched to +04 on 1944-01-01. +# +# Re the 1941 transition, Stewart privately sent me this citation: +# "File 16/53 Enquiries Re: Calculation of Local Time", British Library: India +# Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/2/1564, in Qatar Digital Library +# https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100000000282.0x00012b +# It says there was no real standard in Bahrain before 1941-07-20. +# +0330 was used by steamers of the British India Co, by Petroleum Concessions +# and by Cable & Wireless; +0323 was used by the Eastern Bank Ltd, BOAC, and +# Bahrein Petroleum (Bapco), and California Arabian Standard Oil Co (Casoc) +# adopted DST effective 1941-05-24. Alban suggested adopting DST, R.B. Coomb +# of C&W countersuggested +0330, and although C.A. Rodstrom of Casoc (formerly +# of Bapco) stated that Bahrain had formerly used +0330 before Bapco arrived +# but Bapco switched to +0323 because of "constant confusion", the consensus +# was +0330. The government adopted +0330 in 1941-07-20 and companies seem to +# have switched by 08-01. No time of day was given for the 1940s transitions. +Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1941 Jul 20 # Manamah + 3:30 - +0330 1944 Jan 1 + 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun + 3:00 - +03 + +# Brunei +Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan + 7:30 - +0730 1933 + 8:00 - +08 + +# India +# +# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06): +# The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 305 says that Madras +# civil time was 5:20:57.3. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-21): +# In tomorrow's The Hindu, Nitya Menon reports that India had two civil time +# zones starting in 1884, one in Bombay and one in Calcutta, and that railways +# used a third time zone based on Madras time (80° 18' 30" E). Also, +# in 1881 Bombay briefly switched to Madras time, but switched back. See: +# http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/madras-375-when-madras-clocked-the-time/article6339393.ece +#Zone Asia/Chennai [not enough info to complete] + +# China +# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) +# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; +# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong +# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, +# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. +Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking + 7:00 - +07 1980 May + 8:00 PRC C%sT +Link Asia/Chongqing Asia/Chungking + +# Vietnam +# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): +# See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for this data. +# Trần's book says the 1954-55 transition to 07:00 in Hanoi was in +# October 1954, with exact date and time unspecified. +Zone Asia/Hanoi 7:03:24 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 + 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 + 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00 + 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00 + 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2 + 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1 + 8:00 - +08 1954 Oct + 7:00 - +07 + +# China +# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) +# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin +Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin + 8:30 - +0830 1932 Mar + 8:00 - CST 1940 + 9:00 - +09 1966 May + 8:30 - +0830 1980 May + 8:00 PRC C%sT + +# far west China +Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar + 5:30 - +0530 1940 + 5:00 - +05 1980 May + 8:00 PRC C%sT + +# peninsular Malaysia +# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) +# https://web.archive.org/web/20190822231045/http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/~mathelmr/teaching/timezone.html +# This agrees with Singapore since 1905-06-01. +Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 + 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. + 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1 + 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1 + 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1 + 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16 + 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 + 7:30 - +0730 1981 Dec 31 16:00u + 8:00 - +08 + +# Kuwait +Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950 + 3:00 - +03 + + +# Oman +# Milne says 3:54:24 was the meridian of the Muscat Tidal Observatory. +Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:24 - LMT 1920 + 4:00 - +04 + +# India +# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne: +# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26) +# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf +# Portuguese India switched to UT +05 on 1912-01-01. +#Zone Asia/Panaji [not enough info to complete] + +# Cambodia + +# From an adoptive daughter of the late Cambodian ruler Prince Sihanouk, +# via Alois Treindl (2019-08-08): +# +# King Sihanouk said that, during the Japanese occupation, starting with +# what historians refer to as "le coup de force du 9 mars 1945", Cambodia, +# like the entire French Indochina, used Tokyo time zone. After Japan +# surrendered, 2 September 1945, Cambodia fell under French rule again and +# adopted Hanoi time zone again. +# +# However, on 7 January 1946, Sihanouk and Tioulong managed to obtain a +# status of "internal autonomy" from the government of Charles de Gaulle. +# Although many fields remained under the administration of the French +# (customs, taxes, justice, defence, foreign affairs, etc.), the Cambodian +# administration was responsible for religious matters and traditional +# celebrations, which included our calendar and time. The time zone was GMT +# + 7 and _no_ DST was applied. +# +# After Sihanouk and Tioulong achieved full independence, on 9 November 1953, +# GMT + 7 was maintained. + +# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-26): +# See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for most of rest of this data. + +Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 + 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 + 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00 + 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00 + 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2 + 7:00 - +07 + +# Israel +Zone Asia/Tel_Aviv 2:19:04 - LMT 1880 + 2:21 - JMT 1918 + 2:00 Zion I%sT + +# Laos +# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-11): +# See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for most of this data. +# Trần's book says that Laos reverted to UT +07 on 1955-04-15. +# Also, guess that Laos reverted to +07 on 1945-09-02, when Vietnam did; +# this is probably wrong but it's better than guessing no transition. +Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 + 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 + 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00 + 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00 + 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2 + 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1 + 8:00 - +08 1955 Apr 15 + 7:00 - +07 + +# Jan Mayen +# From Whitman: +Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - -01 + +# Iceland +# +# From Adam David (1993-11-06): +# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. +# +# (1993-12-05): +# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of +# Iceland Almanak. +# +# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour +# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts +# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavík mean solar time which +# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. +# +# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks +# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the +# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always +# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. +# +# (1993-12-10): +# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the +# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus +# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. +# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day +# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. +# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" +# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it +# might mean something else (???). +# +# From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22): +# The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see +# http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html +# +Rule Iceland 1917 1919 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 - +Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - +Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 - +Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 - +Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 23 1:00 0 - +Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 - +Rule Iceland 1939 only - Oct 29 2:00 0 - +Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Iceland 1940 1941 - Nov Sun>=2 1:00s 0 - +Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 - +# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter +Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 - +Rule Iceland 1942 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - +# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter +Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 - +# 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week +Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - +Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - +Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - + +Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908 + -1:00 Iceland -01/+00 1968 Apr 7 1:00s + 0:00 - GMT +Link Atlantic/Reykjavik Iceland + +# St Helena +Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown + -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time + 0:00 - GMT + +# King Island +Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep + 10:00 AT AE%sT 1919 Oct 24 + 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1968 Oct 15 + 10:00 AT AE%sT + + +# Netherlands + +# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, +# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. + +# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): +# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 +# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including +# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time +# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the +# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was +# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. +# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and +# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). +# +# (2001-04-08): +# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to +# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common +# practice of following Amsterdam mean time. +# +# (2001-04-09): +# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the +# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe +# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was +# actually followed. +# +# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to +# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of +# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most +# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically +# adopted Amsterdam mean time. +# +# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety +# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it +# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe +# Amsterdam mean time. + +# The data entries before 1945 are taken from +# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm + +# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-09): +# I invented the abbreviations AMT for Amsterdam Mean Time and NST for +# Netherlands Summer Time, used in the Netherlands from 1835 to 1937. + +Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time +Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time +Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT +Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT +Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT +Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST +# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week +# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. +Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - +Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - + #STDOFF 0:19:32.13 +Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 + 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 + 0:20 Neth +0020/+0120 1940 May 16 0:00 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 + 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 + 1:00 EU CE%sT + + +# Northern Ireland +Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 + -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 + # DMT = Dublin/Dunsink MT + -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s + # IST = Irish Summer Time + 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 + 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u + 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 + 0:00 EU GMT/BST + + +# Denmark + +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26): +# the law [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... +# The page https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1893/83 +# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. +# +# The EU [actually, EEC and Euratom] treaty with effect from 1973: +# https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1972/21100 +# +# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes +# in subsequent decrees with the law +# https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1974/223 +# +# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have +# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST +# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to +# 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from +# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know +# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only +# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981: +# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning +# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which +# was suspended on that night): +# https://web.archive.org/web/20140104053304/https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=60267 + +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11): +# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between +# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. + +# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11): +# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not +# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980. + +Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - +Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - +Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - +Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - +Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - +# +Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 + 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT + 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 + 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 + 1:00 EU CE%sT + +# Guernsey +# Data from Joseph S. Myers +# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2013-September/019883.html +# References to be added +# LMT is for Town Church, St. Peter Port, 49° 27' 17" N, 2° 32' 10" W. +Zone Europe/Guernsey -0:10:09 - LMT 1913 Jun 18 + 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1940 Jul 2 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 + 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 + 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u + 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 + 0:00 EU GMT/BST + +# Isle of Man +# +# From Lester Caine (2013-09-04): +# The Isle of Man legislation is now on-line at +# <https://www.legislation.gov.im>, starting with the original Statutory +# Time Act in 1883 and including additional confirmation of some of +# the dates of the 'Summer Time' orders originating at +# Westminster. There is a little uncertainty as to the starting date +# of the first summer time in 1916 which may have been announced a +# couple of days late. There is still a substantial number of +# documents to work through, but it is thought that every GB change +# was also implemented on the island. +# +# AT4 of 1883 - The Statutory Time et cetera Act 1883 - +# LMT Location - 54.1508N -4.4814E - Tynwald Hill ( Manx parliament ) +Zone Europe/Isle_of_Man -0:17:55 - LMT 1883 Mar 30 0:00s + 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 + 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u + 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 + 0:00 EU GMT/BST + +# Jersey +# Data from Joseph S. Myers +# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2013-September/019883.html +# References to be added +# LMT is for Parish Church, St. Helier, 49° 11' 0.57" N, 2° 6' 24.33" W. +Zone Europe/Jersey -0:08:26 - LMT 1898 Jun 11 16:00u + 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1940 Jul 2 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 + 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 + 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u + 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 + 0:00 EU GMT/BST + +# Slovenia +Zone Europe/Ljubljana 0:58:04 - LMT 1884 + 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s + 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s + 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 + 1:00 EU CE%sT + + +# Luxembourg + +# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; +# go with Shanks & Pottenger. +Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - +Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S + +Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun + 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 + 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s + 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 + 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 + 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 + 1:00 EU CE%sT + +# Monaco +# +# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-12): +# In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1892-05-24, online at +# https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/b1c67c12c5af11b41ea888fb048e4fe8.pdf +# we read: ... +# [In virtue of a Sovereign Ordinance of the May 13 of the current [year], +# legal time in the Principality will be set to, from the date of June 1, +# 1892 onwards, to the meridian of Paris, as in France.] +# In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1911-03-28, online at +# https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/de74ffb7db53d4f599059fe8f0ed482a.pdf +# we read an ordinance of 1911-03-16: ... +# [Legal time in the Principality will be set, from the date of promulgation +# of the present ordinance, to legal time in France.... Consequently, legal +# time will be retarded by 9 minutes and 21 seconds.] +# +Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1892 Jun 1 + 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 29 # Paris Mean Time + 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 + 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 + 1:00 EU CE%sT + + +# Norway + +# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks & +# Pottenger. +Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S +Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - +Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - +Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - +Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S + +Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 + 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 + 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 + 1:00 EU CE%sT +Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen +#PACKRATLIST zone.tab Link Europe/Oslo Atlantic/Jan_Mayen + +# Bosnia and Herzegovina +Zone Europe/Sarajevo 1:13:40 - LMT 1884 + 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s + 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s + 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 + 1:00 EU CE%sT + +# North Macedonia +Zone Europe/Skopje 1:25:44 - LMT 1884 + 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s + 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s + 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 + 1:00 EU CE%sT + + +# Sweden + +# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger: +# +# The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: +# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all +# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at +# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the +# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. +# +# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18° 03' 30" +# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the +# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... +# +# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk +# författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning +# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at +# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English +# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west +# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated +# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time +# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. +# +# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states +# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is +# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... +# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". +# +# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish +# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are +# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available +# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type +# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click +# the Sök-button). +# +# (2001-05-13): +# +# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 +# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show +# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some +# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already +# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another +# hour before the event took place. +# +# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. + +# An extra-special abbreviation style is SET for Swedish Time (svensk +# normaltid) 1879-1899, 3° west of the Stockholm Observatory. + +Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 + 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time + 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 + 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00 + 1:00 - CET 1980 + 1:00 EU CE%sT + + +# Moldova / Transnistria +Zone Europe/Tiraspol 1:58:32 - LMT 1880 + 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT + 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT + 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 + 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 + 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD + +# Ukraine +# +# Although Shanks & Pottenger say Transcarpathia used CET 1990/1991, +# this unreliable source contradicts contemporaneous government resolutions +# (see the commentary for Ukraine in the 'europe' file) +# so for now this dubious zone is in 'backzone'. +# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian spelling, but +# "Uzhgorod" was a common English spelling when this dubious zone was +# added to TZDB in 1999. +Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct + 1:00 - CET 1940 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct + 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 + 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 + 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 + 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 + 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 20 + 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1996 May 13 + 2:00 EU EE%sT + +# Liechtenstein + +# From Paul Eggert (2022-07-21): +# Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich starting June 1894. + +# From Alois Treindl (2019-07-04): +# I was able to access the online archive of the Vaduz paper Vaterland ... +# I could confirm from the paper that Liechtenstein did in fact follow +# the same DST in 1941 and 1942 as Switzerland did. + +Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun + 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 + 1:00 EU CE%sT + +# Croatia +Zone Europe/Zagreb 1:03:52 - LMT 1884 + 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s + 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s + 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 + 1:00 EU CE%sT + +# Ukraine + +# Although Shanks & Pottenger say Zaporizhzhia and eastern Lugansk +# observed DST 1990/1991, this unreliable source contradicts contemporaneous +# government resolutions (see the commentary for Ukraine in the 'europe' file) +# so for now this dubious zone is in 'backzone'. +# "Zaporizhzhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but +# "Zaporozhye" was a common English spelling when this dubious zone was +# added to TZDB in 1999. +Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 + 2:20 - +0220 1924 May 2 + 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 + 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 + 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1992 Mar 20 + 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1996 May 13 + 2:00 EU EE%sT + +# Madagascar +Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul + 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s + 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s + 3:00 - EAT + +# Christmas +Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb + 7:00 - +07 + +# Cocos (Keeling) Is +# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. +# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. +Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 + 6:30 - +0630 + +# Comoros +Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro + 3:00 - EAT + +# Kerguelen +Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - -00 1950 # Port-aux-Français + 5:00 - +05 + +# Seychelles +# +# From P Chan (2020-11-27): +# Standard Time was adopted on 1907-01-01. +# +# Standard Time Ordinance (Chapter 237) +# The Laws of Seychelles in Force on the 31st December, 1971, Vol. 6, p 571 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=efE-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA571 +# +# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-05): +# A footnote on https://books.google.com/books?id=DYdDAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1689 +# confirms that Ordinance No. 9 of 1906 "was brought into force on the 1st +# January, 1907." + +Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1907 Jan 1 # Victoria + 4:00 - +04 +# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): +# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the +# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory +# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know +# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. +# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. + + +# Mayotte +Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou + 3:00 - EAT + +# Réunion +Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis + 4:00 - +04 +# +# Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows. +# The following information about them is taken from +# Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, +# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). +# We have no info about their time zone histories. +# +# Bassas da India - uninhabited +# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families +# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 +# Juan de Nova - uninhabited +# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 + +# Micronesia +# Also see Pacific/Pohnpei and commentary for Micronesia in 'australasia'. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): +# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), +# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' +# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." +# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11 +# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. +Zone Pacific/Chuuk -13:52:52 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 + 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 + 10:00 - +10 1914 Oct + 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 + 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 + 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug + 10:00 - +10 +Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Truk +Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Yap + +# Phoenix Islands, Kiribati +# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-27): +# Enderbury was inhabited 1860/1880s to mine guano, and 1938-03-06/1942-02-09 +# for aviation (ostensibly commercial, but military uses foreseen). +# The 19th-century dates are approximate. See Pacific/Kanton for +# the currently inhabited representative for this timezone. +Zone Pacific/Enderbury 0 - -00 1860 + -11:24:20 - LMT 1885 + 0 - -00 1938 Mar 6 + -12:00 - -12 1942 Feb 9 + 0 - -00 + +# Tuvalu +Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 + 12:00 - +12 + +# Johnston +Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST + +# Marshall Is +Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 + 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct + 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 + 11:00 - +11 1937 + 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 + 9:00 - +09 1944 Jan 30 + 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct + 12:00 - +12 + +# Midway +# +# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): +# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, +# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] +# reproduced a Pan American Airways timetable from 1936, for their weekly +# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting +# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone +# designations that I've never seen before:.... +# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. +# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " +# +Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 + -11:00 - -11 1956 Jun 3 + -11:00 1:00 -10 1956 Sep 2 + -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa + +# Micronesia +# Also see Pacific/Chuuk and commentary for Micronesia in 'australasia'. +Zone Pacific/Pohnpei -13:27:08 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Kolonia + 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 + 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct + 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 + 11:00 - +11 1937 + 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 + 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug + 11:00 - +11 +Link Pacific/Pohnpei Pacific/Ponape + +# N Mariana Is +# +# From Paul Eggert (2022-08-16): +# Although Shanks & Pottenger say Saipan used +09 and then switched +# to Guam time in October 1969, this is surely wrong. +# Saipan used Guam time in the late 1950s; see page 4 of the minutes on the +# conference of the 12th Saipan Legislature and the Select Committee on +# Saipan Mission, 5th Guam Legislature (1959-09-11): +# http://www.nmhcouncil.org/nmhc_archives/U.S.%20Navy%20Civil%20Affairs%20Files%201944-1962/1959/1959%2009%2017%20letter,%20minutes%20of%20conference,%20Borja.pdf +# For now, assume Saipan switched to Guam time after the Battle of Saipan. +# +Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 + 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 + 9:00 - +09 1944 Jul 9 + 10:00 Guam G%sT 2000 Dec 23 + 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time + + +# Wake + +# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, +# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): +# +# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the +# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the +# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we +# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time +# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost +# impossible. +# +# https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm + +# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): +# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. + +# Also see commentary for Micronesia in 'australasia'. +Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 + 12:00 - +12 + + +# Wallis and Futuna +Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 + 12:00 - +12 + +# Local Variables: +# coding: utf-8 +# End: diff --git a/calendars b/calendars new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f4ed9e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/calendars @@ -0,0 +1,173 @@ +----- Calendrical issues ----- + +As mentioned in Theory.html, although calendrical issues are out of +scope for tzdb, they indicate the sort of problems that we would run +into if we extended tzdb further into the past. The following +information and sources go beyond Theory.html's brief discussion. +They sometimes disagree. + + +France + +Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-12-20. +French Revolutionary calendar used 1793-11-24 through 1805-12-31, +and (in Paris only) 1871-05-06 through 1871-05-23. + + +Russia + +From Chris Carrier (1996-12-02): +On 1929-10-01 the Soviet Union instituted an "Eternal Calendar" +with 30-day months plus 5 holidays, with a 5-day week. +On 1931-12-01 it changed to a 6-day week; in 1934 it reverted to the +Gregorian calendar while retaining the 6-day week; on 1940-06-27 it +reverted to the 7-day week. With the 6-day week the usual days +off were the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 30th of the month. +(Source: Evitiar Zerubavel, _The Seven Day Circle_) + + +Mark Brader reported a similar story in "The Book of Calendars", edited +by Frank Parise (1982, Facts on File, ISBN 0-8719-6467-8), page 377. But: + +From: Petteri Sulonen (via Usenet) +Date: 14 Jan 1999 00:00:00 GMT +... + +If your source is correct, how come documents between 1929 and 1940 were +still dated using the conventional, Gregorian calendar? + +I can post a scan of a document dated December 1, 1934, signed by +Yenukidze, the secretary, on behalf of Kalinin, the President of the +Executive Committee of the Supreme Soviet, if you like. + + + +Sweden (and Finland) + +From: Mark Brader +Subject: Re: Gregorian reform - a part of locale? +<news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@sq.com> +Date: 1996-07-06 + +In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian. Sweden +decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of +those unsightly calendar gaps :-), they simply decreed that the next leap +year after 1696 would be in 1744 - putting the whole country on a calendar +different from both Julian and Gregorian for a period of 40 years. + +However, in 1704 something went wrong and the plan was not carried through; +they did, after all, have a leap year that year. And one in 1708. In 1712 +they gave it up and went back to Julian, putting 30 days in February that +year!... + +Then in 1753, Sweden made the transition to Gregorian in the usual manner, +getting there only 13 years behind the original schedule. + +(A previous posting of this story was challenged, and Swedish readers +produced the following references to support it: "Tideräkning och historia" +by Natanael Beckman (1924) and "Tid, en bok om tideräkning och +kalenderväsen" by Lars-Olof Lodén (1968). + + +Grotefend's data + +From: "Michael Palmer" [with two obvious typos fixed] +Subject: Re: Gregorian Calendar (was Re: Another FHC related question +Newsgroups: soc.genealogy.german +Date: Tue, 9 Feb 1999 02:32:48 -800 +... + +The following is a(n incomplete) listing, arranged chronologically, of +European states, with the date they converted from the Julian to the +Gregorian calendar: + +04/15 Oct 1582 - Italy (with exceptions), Spain, Portugal, Poland (Roman + Catholics and Danzig only) +09/20 Dec 1582 - France, Lorraine + +21 Dec 1582/ + 01 Jan 1583 - Holland, Brabant, Flanders, Hennegau +10/21 Feb 1583 - bishopric of Liege (Lüttich) +13/24 Feb 1583 - bishopric of Augsburg +04/15 Oct 1583 - electorate of Trier +05/16 Oct 1583 - Bavaria, bishoprics of Freising, Eichstedt, Regensburg, + Salzburg, Brixen +13/24 Oct 1583 - Austrian Oberelsaß and Breisgau +20/31 Oct 1583 - bishopric of Basel +02/13 Nov 1583 - duchy of Jülich-Berg +02/13 Nov 1583 - electorate and city of Köln +04/15 Nov 1583 - bishopric of Würzburg +11/22 Nov 1583 - electorate of Mainz +16/27 Nov 1583 - bishopric of Strassburg and the margraviate of Baden +17/28 Nov 1583 - bishopric of Münster and duchy of Cleve +14/25 Dec 1583 - Steiermark + +06/17 Jan 1584 - Austria and Bohemia +11/22 Jan 1584 - Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz, Zug, Freiburg, Solothurn +12/23 Jan 1584 - Silesia and the Lausitz +22 Jan/ + 02 Feb 1584 - Hungary (legally on 21 Oct 1587) + Jun 1584 - Unterwalden +01/12 Jul 1584 - duchy of Westfalen + +16/27 Jun 1585 - bishopric of Paderborn + +14/25 Dec 1590 - Transylvania + +22 Aug/ + 02 Sep 1612 - duchy of Prussia + +13/24 Dec 1614 - Pfalz-Neuburg + + 1617 - duchy of Kurland (reverted to the Julian calendar in + 1796) + + 1624 - bishopric of Osnabrück + + 1630 - bishopric of Minden + +15/26 Mar 1631 - bishopric of Hildesheim + + 1655 - Kanton Wallis + +05/16 Feb 1682 - city of Strassburg + +18 Feb/ + 01 Mar 1700 - Protestant Germany (including Swedish possessions in + Germany), Denmark, Norway +30 Jun/ + 12 Jul 1700 - Gelderland, Zutphen +10 Nov/ + 12 Dec 1700 - Utrecht, Overijssel + +31 Dec 1700/ + 12 Jan 1701 - Friesland, Groningen, Zürich, Bern, Basel, Geneva, + Thurgau, and Schaffhausen + + 1724 - Glarus, Appenzell, and the city of St. Gallen + +01 Jan 1750 - Pisa and Florence + +02/14 Sep 1752 - Great Britain + +17 Feb/ + 01 Mar 1753 - Sweden + +1760-1812 - Graubünden + +The Russian empire (including Finland and the Baltic states) did not +convert to the Gregorian calendar until the Soviet revolution of 1917. + +Source: H. Grotefend, _Taschenbuch der Zeitrechnung des deutschen +Mittelalters und der Neuzeit_, herausgegeben von Dr. O. Grotefend +(Hannover: Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 1941), pp. 26-28. + +----- + +This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2009-05-17 by +Arthur David Olson. + +----- +Local Variables: +coding: utf-8 +End: diff --git a/checklinks.awk b/checklinks.awk new file mode 100644 index 0000000..82a5fea --- /dev/null +++ b/checklinks.awk @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +# Check links in tz tables. + +# Contributed by Paul Eggert. This file is in the public domain. + +BEGIN { + # Special marker indicating that the name is defined as a Zone. + # It is a newline so that it cannot match a valid name. + # It is not null so that its slot does not appear unset. + Zone = "\n" +} + +/^Z/ { + if (defined[$2]) { + if (defined[$2] == Zone) { + printf "%s: Zone has duplicate definition\n", $2 + } else { + printf "%s: Link with same name as Zone\n", $2 + } + status = 1 + } + defined[$2] = Zone +} + +/^L/ { + if (defined[$3]) { + if (defined[$3] == Zone) { + printf "%s: Link with same name as Zone\n", $3 + } else if (defined[$3] == $2) { + printf "%s: Link has duplicate definition\n", $3 + } else { + printf "%s: Link to both %s and %s\n", $3, defined[$3], $2 + } + status = 1 + } + if (backcheck && FILENAME != backcheck && $3 != "GMT") { + printf "%s: Link should be in '%s'\n", $3, backcheck + status = 1 + } + if ($4 == "#=") { + shortcut[$5] = $3 + } + used[$2] = 1 + defined[$3] = $2 +} + +END { + for (tz in used) { + if (defined[tz] != Zone) { + if (!defined[tz]) { + printf "%s: Link to nowhere\n", tz + status = 1 + } else if (DATAFORM != "vanguard") { + printf "%s: Link to link\n", tz + status = 1 + } + } + } + for (tz in shortcut) { + if (defined[shortcut[tz]] != defined[tz]) { + target = (!defined[tz] ? "absence" \ + : defined[tz] == "\n" ? "zone" \ + : defined[tz]) + printf "%s: target %s disagrees with %s's target %s\n", \ + tz, target, shortcut[tz], defined[shortcut[tz]] + status = 1 + } + } + + exit status +} diff --git a/checknow.awk b/checknow.awk new file mode 100644 index 0000000..57ff3c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/checknow.awk @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +# Check zonenow.tab for consistency with primary data. + +# Contributed by Paul Eggert. This file is in the public domain. + +function record_zone(zone, data) { + if (zone) { + zone_data[zone] = data + zones[data] = zones[data] " " zone + } +} + +BEGIN { + while (getline <zdump_table) { + if ($0 ~ /^TZ/) { + record_zone(zone, data) + zone = $0 + sub(/.*\.dir\//, "", zone) + sub(/\/\//, "/", zone) + sub(/"/, "", zone) + data = "" + } else if ($0 ~ /./) + data = data $0 "\n" + } + record_zone(zone, data) + FS = "\t" +} + +/^[^#]/ { + zone = $3 + data = zone_data[zone] + if (!data) { + printf "%s: no data\n", zone + status = 1 + } else { + zone2 = zonenow[data] + if (zone2) { + printf "zones %s and %s identical from now on\n", zone, zone2 + status = 1 + } else + zonenow[data] = zone + } +} + +END { + for (zone in zone_data) { + data = zone_data[zone] + if (!zonenow[data]) { + printf "zonenow.tab should have one of:%s\n", zones[data] + zonenow[data] = zone # This suppresses duplicate diagnostics. + status = 1 + } + } + exit status +} diff --git a/checktab.awk b/checktab.awk new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9a26e46 --- /dev/null +++ b/checktab.awk @@ -0,0 +1,193 @@ +# Check tz tables for consistency. + +# Contributed by Paul Eggert. This file is in the public domain. + +BEGIN { + FS = "\t" + + if (!iso_table) iso_table = "iso3166.tab" + if (!zone_table) zone_table = "zone1970.tab" + if (!want_warnings) want_warnings = -1 + + while (getline <iso_table) { + iso_NR++ + if ($0 ~ /^#/) continue + if (NF != 2) { + printf "%s:%d: wrong number of columns\n", \ + iso_table, iso_NR >>"/dev/stderr" + status = 1 + } + cc = $1 + name = $2 + if (cc !~ /^[A-Z][A-Z]$/) { + printf "%s:%d: invalid country code '%s'\n", \ + iso_table, iso_NR, cc >>"/dev/stderr" + status = 1 + } + if (cc <= cc0) { + if (cc == cc0) { + s = "duplicate"; + } else { + s = "out of order"; + } + + printf "%s:%d: country code '%s' is %s\n", \ + iso_table, iso_NR, cc, s \ + >>"/dev/stderr" + status = 1 + } + cc0 = cc + if (name2cc[name]) { + printf "%s:%d: '%s' and '%s' have the same name\n", \ + iso_table, iso_NR, name2cc[name], cc \ + >>"/dev/stderr" + status = 1 + } + name2cc[name] = cc + cc2name[cc] = name + cc2NR[cc] = iso_NR + } + + cc0 = "" + + while (getline <zone_table) { + zone_NR++ + if ($0 ~ /^#/) continue + if (NF != 3 && NF != 4) { + printf "%s:%d: wrong number of columns\n", \ + zone_table, zone_NR >>"/dev/stderr" + status = 1 + } + ccs = input_ccs[zone_NR] = $1 + coordinates = $2 + tz = $3 + comments = input_comments[zone_NR] = $4 + split(ccs, cca, /,/) + cc = cca[1] + + # Don't complain about a special case for Crimea in zone.tab. + # FIXME: zone.tab should be removed, since it is obsolete. + # Or at least put just "XX" in its country-code column. + if (cc < cc0 \ + && !(zone_table == "zone.tab" \ + && tz0 == "Europe/Simferopol")) { + printf "%s:%d: country code '%s' is out of order\n", \ + zone_table, zone_NR, cc >>"/dev/stderr" + status = 1 + } + cc0 = cc + tz0 = tz + tztab[tz] = 1 + tz2NR[tz] = zone_NR + for (i in cca) { + cc = cca[i] + if (cc2name[cc]) { + cc_used[cc]++ + } else if (! (cc == "XX" && zone_table == "zonenow.tab")) { + printf "%s:%d: %s: unknown country code\n", \ + zone_table, zone_NR, cc >>"/dev/stderr" + status = 1 + } + } + if (coordinates !~ /^[-+][0-9][0-9][0-5][0-9][-+][01][0-9][0-9][0-5][0-9]$/ \ + && coordinates !~ /^[-+][0-9][0-9][0-5][0-9][0-5][0-9][-+][01][0-9][0-9][0-5][0-9][0-5][0-9]$/) { + printf "%s:%d: %s: invalid coordinates\n", \ + zone_table, zone_NR, coordinates >>"/dev/stderr" + status = 1 + } + } + + for (i = 1; i <= zone_NR; i++) { + ccs = input_ccs[i] + if (!ccs) continue + comments = input_comments[i] + split(ccs, cca, /,/) + used_max = 0 + for (j in cca) { + cc = cca[j] + if (used_max < cc_used[cc]) { + used_max = cc_used[cc] + used_max_cc = cc + } + } + if (used_max <= 1 && comments && zone_table != "zonenow.tab") { + printf "%s:%d: unnecessary comment '%s'\n", \ + zone_table, i, comments \ + >>"/dev/stderr" + status = 1 + } else if (1 < used_max && !comments) { + printf "%s:%d: missing comment for %s\n", \ + zone_table, i, used_max_cc \ + >>"/dev/stderr" + status = 1 + } + } + FS = " " +} + +$1 ~ /^#/ { next } + +{ + tz = rules = "" + if ($1 == "Zone") { + tz = $2 + ruleUsed[$4] = 1 + if ($5 ~ /%/) rulePercentUsed[$4] = 1 + } else if ($1 == "Link" && zone_table == "zone.tab") { + # Ignore Link commands if source and destination basenames + # are identical, e.g. Europe/Istanbul versus Asia/Istanbul. + src = $2 + dst = $3 + while ((i = index(src, "/"))) src = substr(src, i+1) + while ((i = index(dst, "/"))) dst = substr(dst, i+1) + if (src != dst) tz = $3 + } else if ($1 == "Rule") { + ruleDefined[$2] = 1 + if ($10 != "-") ruleLetters[$2] = 1 + } else { + ruleUsed[$2] = 1 + if ($3 ~ /%/) rulePercentUsed[$2] = 1 + } + if (tz && tz ~ /\// && tz !~ /^Etc\//) { + if (!tztab[tz] && FILENAME != "backward" \ + && zone_table != "zonenow.tab") { + printf "%s: no data for '%s'\n", zone_table, tz \ + >>"/dev/stderr" + status = 1 + } + zoneSeen[tz] = 1 + } +} + +END { + for (tz in ruleDefined) { + if (!ruleUsed[tz]) { + printf "%s: Rule never used\n", tz + status = 1 + } + } + for (tz in ruleLetters) { + if (!rulePercentUsed[tz]) { + printf "%s: Rule contains letters never used\n", tz + status = 1 + } + } + for (tz in tztab) { + if (!zoneSeen[tz] && tz !~ /^Etc\//) { + printf "%s:%d: no Zone table for '%s'\n", \ + zone_table, tz2NR[tz], tz >>"/dev/stderr" + status = 1 + } + } + if (0 < want_warnings) { + for (cc in cc2name) { + if (!cc_used[cc]) { + printf "%s:%d: warning: " \ + "no Zone entries for %s (%s)\n", \ + iso_table, cc2NR[cc], cc, cc2name[cc] + } + } + } + + exit status +} diff --git a/etcetera b/etcetera new file mode 100644 index 0000000..29fbed9 --- /dev/null +++ b/etcetera @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +# tzdb data for ships at sea and other miscellany + +# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of +# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. + +# These entries are for uses not otherwise covered by the tz database. +# Their main practical use is for platforms like Android that lack +# support for POSIX.1-2017-style TZ strings. On such platforms these entries +# can be useful if the timezone database is wrong or if a ship or +# aircraft at sea is not in a timezone. + +# Starting with POSIX 1003.1-2001, the entries below are all +# unnecessary as settings for the TZ environment variable. E.g., +# instead of TZ='Etc/GMT+4' one can use the POSIX setting TZ='<-04>+4'. +# +# Do not use a POSIX TZ setting like TZ='GMT+4', which is four hours +# behind GMT but uses the completely misleading abbreviation "GMT". + +# The following zone is used by tzcode functions like gmtime, +# which load the "UTC" file to handle seconds properly. +Zone Etc/UTC 0 - UTC + +# Functions like gmtime load the "GMT" file to handle leap seconds properly. +# Vanguard section, which works with most .zi parsers. +#Zone GMT 0 - GMT +# Rearguard section, for TZUpdater 2.3.2 and earlier. +Zone Etc/GMT 0 - GMT + +# The following link uses older naming conventions, +# but it belongs here, not in the file 'backward', +# as it is needed for tzcode releases through 2022a, +# where functions like gmtime load "GMT" instead of the "Etc/UTC". +# We want this to work even on installations that omit 'backward'. +Link Etc/GMT GMT +# End of rearguard section. + +# Be consistent with POSIX TZ settings in the Zone names, +# even though this is the opposite of what many people expect. +# POSIX has positive signs west of Greenwich, but many people expect +# positive signs east of Greenwich. For example, TZ='Etc/GMT+4' uses +# the abbreviation "-04" and corresponds to 4 hours behind UT +# (i.e. west of Greenwich) even though many people would expect it to +# mean 4 hours ahead of UT (i.e. east of Greenwich). + +# Earlier incarnations of this package were not POSIX-compliant, +# and had lines such as +# Zone GMT-12 -12 - GMT-1200 +# We did not want things to change quietly if someone accustomed to the old +# way does a +# zic -l GMT-12 +# so we moved the names into the Etc subdirectory. +# Also, the time zone abbreviations are now compatible with %z. + +Zone Etc/GMT-14 14 - +14 +Zone Etc/GMT-13 13 - +13 +Zone Etc/GMT-12 12 - +12 +Zone Etc/GMT-11 11 - +11 +Zone Etc/GMT-10 10 - +10 +Zone Etc/GMT-9 9 - +09 +Zone Etc/GMT-8 8 - +08 +Zone Etc/GMT-7 7 - +07 +Zone Etc/GMT-6 6 - +06 +Zone Etc/GMT-5 5 - +05 +Zone Etc/GMT-4 4 - +04 +Zone Etc/GMT-3 3 - +03 +Zone Etc/GMT-2 2 - +02 +Zone Etc/GMT-1 1 - +01 +Zone Etc/GMT+1 -1 - -01 +Zone Etc/GMT+2 -2 - -02 +Zone Etc/GMT+3 -3 - -03 +Zone Etc/GMT+4 -4 - -04 +Zone Etc/GMT+5 -5 - -05 +Zone Etc/GMT+6 -6 - -06 +Zone Etc/GMT+7 -7 - -07 +Zone Etc/GMT+8 -8 - -08 +Zone Etc/GMT+9 -9 - -09 +Zone Etc/GMT+10 -10 - -10 +Zone Etc/GMT+11 -11 - -11 +Zone Etc/GMT+12 -12 - -12 @@ -0,0 +1,3914 @@ +# tzdb data for Europe and environs + +# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of +# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. + +# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, +# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to +# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see +# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. + +# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): +# +# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: +# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), +# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). +# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. +# +# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source +# for time zone data was the International Air Transport +# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), +# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries +# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, +# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. +# +# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is +# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). +# +# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for +# entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. +# +# Other sources occasionally used include: +# +# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, +# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), +# which I found in the UCLA library. +# +# William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition +# <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf> +# [PDF] (1914-03) +# +# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 +# <https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes: +# "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables +# may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society, +# Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org. +# +# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. +# This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see +# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html +# The full Russian citation is: +# Бялокоз, Евгений Людвигович. Новый счет времени в течении суток +# введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с 1-го +# июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград: +# Десятая гос. тип., 1919. +# http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf +# +# Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO), +# History of Summer Time +# <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm> +# (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) +# +# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; +# the rest are variants of the "xMT" pattern for a city's mean time, +# or are from other sources. Corrections are welcome! +# std dst 2dst +# LMT Local Mean Time +# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic +# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer +# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer +# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe +# 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971) +# 1:00 IST GMT Irish Standard (1968-) with winter DST +# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe +# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899) +# 1:36:34 RMT* LST* Riga, Latvian Summer (1880-1926)* +# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe +# 3:00 MSK MSD MDST* Moscow + +# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), re EEC/EC/EU members: +# The original six: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, +# Luxembourg, the Netherlands. +# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. +# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. +# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. +# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for +# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% +# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous +# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice. +# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.) +# ... +# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. +# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. +# ... +# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. +# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact +# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the +# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed +# in the Directive. + + +############################################################################### + +# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) + +# From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06): +# +# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about +# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo +# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph +# of the text said: +# +# 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands +# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude +# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed +# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They +# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, +# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking +# along the towpath within a few yards of it.' +# +# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's +# position is 51° 28' 30" N, 0° 18' 45" W. The longitude should +# be within about ±2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. +# +# [This yields STDOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] + +# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): +# +# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. +# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, +# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. +# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) +# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). +# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway +# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most +# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the +# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be +# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it. +# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian, +# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many +# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public +# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock +# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, +# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal +# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading +# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. +# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition +# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. +# +# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single +# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much +# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. + +# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-19): +# The ancients had no need for daylight saving, as they kept time +# informally or via hours whose length depended on the time of year. +# Daylight saving time in its modern sense was invented by the +# New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (1867-1946), +# whose day job as a postal clerk led him to value +# after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research. +# In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society +# that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift. See: +# Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30°. +# Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1895;28:734 +# http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html +# Although some interest was expressed in New Zealand, his proposal +# did not find its way into law and eventually it was almost forgotten. +# +# In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (1857-1915), +# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society +# who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907) +# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, +# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. +# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, +# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. +# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and +# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. +# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18). +# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in +# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular +# subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith, +# designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial, +# which is permanently set to Summer Time. + +# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28): +# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of +# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country +# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which +# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the +# foundations of civilization throughout the world. +# -- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly; +# republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26 +# https://www.winstonchurchill.org/publications/finest-hour/finest-hour-114/a-silent-toast-to-william-willett-by-winston-s-churchill + +# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08): +# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving" +# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this +# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the +# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer". +# The term "Summer Time" was introduced by Herbert Samuel, Home Secretary; see: +# Viscount Samuel. Leisure in a Democracy. Cambridge University Press +# ISBN 978-1-107-49471-8 (1949, reissued 2015), p 8. + +# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): +# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's +# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. + +# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) +# From: Jonathan Leffler +# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. +# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in +# politics making a fortune, not computing. + +# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14): +# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the +# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published +# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and +# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." + +# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): +# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the +# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) +# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). + +# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03): +# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir +# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any +# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't +# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British +# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally. +# https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png +# https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png + +# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): +# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time +# which is to be introduced in May.... +# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time" +# which could not be said to run counter to any official description. + +# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): +# Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common +# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first, +# so we use 'BDST'. + +# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length +# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. +# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating +# and extending this list, which can be found in +# https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ + +# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06): +# +# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; +# see Lord Tanlaw's speech +# https://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0 +# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976). + +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# +# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948. +# +# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger +# are incorrect: +# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until +# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. +# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. +# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. +# It actually just had one transition. +# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. +# Actually, it conformed to Britain. +# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. +# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. +# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). +# +# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger: +# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT +# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to +# conform with Great Britain. +# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. +# +# The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful; +# we'll ignore it for now. +# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. + +# From Paul Eggert (2017-12-04): +# +# Dunsink Observatory (8 km NW of Dublin's center) was to Dublin as +# Greenwich was to London. For example: +# +# "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time." +# -- James Joyce, Ulysses +# +# The abbreviation DMT stood for "Dublin Mean Time" or "Dunsink Mean Time"; +# this being Ireland, opinions differed. +# +# Whitman says Dublin/Dunsink Mean Time was UT-00:25:21, which agrees +# with measurements of recent visitors to the Meridian Room of Dunsink +# Observatory; see Malone D. Dunsink and timekeeping. 2016-01-24. +# <https://www.maths.tcd.ie/~dwmalone/time/dunsink.html>. Malone +# writes that the Nautical Almanac listed UT-00:25:22 until 1896, when +# it moved to UT-00:25:21.1 (I confirmed that the 1893 edition used +# the former and the 1896 edition used the latter). Evidently the +# news of this change propagated slowly, as Milne 1899 still lists +# UT-00:25:22 and cites the International Telegraph Bureau. As it is +# not clear that there was any practical significance to the change +# from UT-00:25:22 to UT-00:25:21.1 in civil timekeeping, omit this +# transition for now and just use the latter value. + +# "Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time +# was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that +# would 'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn Féin) camp'. She claimed +# Irish 'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'." +# -- Parsons M. Dublin lost its time zone - and 25 minutes - after 1916 Rising. +# Irish Times 2014-10-27. +# https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-rising-1.1977411 + +# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26): +# Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>. +# These include various relating to legal time, for example: +# +# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html +# +# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html +# ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html +# +# ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html +# ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html +# ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html +# +# ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html +# ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html +# ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html +# +# [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is +# <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.] +# +# (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these +# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover +# the laws applicable in Ireland.) +# +# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined +# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it +# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time +# being GMT+1.) + +# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): +# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) +# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time +# (CT), equivalent to French civil time. +# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that +# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) +# and Frethun run in CT. +# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, +# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities, +# and that the time depends on who you're talking to. +# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason, +# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST. +# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST. + +# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): +# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, +# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive No. 94/21/EC. +# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate +# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of +# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is +# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". +# +# From Paul Eggert (2017-12-07): +# The 1996 anonymous contributor's goal was to determine the correct +# abbreviation for summer time in Dublin and so the contributor +# focused on the "IST", not on the "Irish Summer Time". Though the +# "IST" was correct, the "Irish Summer Time" appears to have been an +# error, as Ireland's Standard Time (Amendment) Act, 1971 states that +# standard time in Ireland remains at UT +01 and is observed in +# summer, and that Greenwich mean time is observed in winter. (Thanks +# to Derick Rethans for pointing out the error.) That is, when +# Ireland amended the 1968 act that established UT +01 as Irish +# Standard Time, it left standard time unchanged and established GMT +# as a negative daylight saving time in winter. So, in this database +# IST stands for Irish Summer Time for timestamps before 1968, and for +# Irish Standard Time after that. See: +# http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1971/act/17/enacted/en/print + +# Michael Deckers (2017-06-01) gave the following URLs for Ireland's +# Summer Time Act, 1925 and Summer Time Orders, 1926 and 1947: +# http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1925/act/8/enacted/en/print +# http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1926/sro/919/made/en/print +# http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1947/sro/71/made/en/print + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +# Summer Time Act, 1916 +Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT +# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 +Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT +# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 +Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT +# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 +Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT +# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 +Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST +# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 +Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT +# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 +Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT +# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 +Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT +# The Summer Time Act, 1922 +Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT +Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST +# The Summer Time Act, 1925 +Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT +Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST +# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 +Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT +# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 +Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST +# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 +Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST +Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST +# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 +Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST +# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 +Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST +# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 +Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST +Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST +# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 +Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT +Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST +# The Summer Time Act, 1947 +Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST +Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT +# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) +Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT +# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) +Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT +# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) +# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) +# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) +Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT +# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 +Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT +Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST +# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) +# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) +# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) +Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT +# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) +# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) +# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) +Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST +# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) +Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST +# The British Standard Time Act, 1968 +# (no summer time) +# The Summer Time Act, 1972 +Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT +# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) +# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) +# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) +# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) +Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT +# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) +# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) +# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) +Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT +# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) +# See EU for rules starting in 1996. +# +# Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man. + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 + 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 + 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u + 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 + 0:00 EU GMT/BST + +# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-15): +# In January 2018 we discovered that the negative SAVE values in the +# Eire rules cause problems with tests for ICU: +# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-January/025825.html +# and with tests for OpenJDK: +# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-January/025822.html +# +# To work around this problem, the build procedure can translate the +# following data into two forms, one with negative SAVE values and the +# other form with a traditional approximation for Irish timestamps +# after 1971-10-31 02:00 UTC; although this approximation has tm_isdst +# flags that are reversed, its UTC offsets are correct and this often +# suffices.... +# +# The following is like GB-Eire and EU, except with standard time in +# summer and negative daylight saving time in winter. It is for when +# negative SAVE values are used. +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Eire 1971 only - Oct 31 2:00u -1:00 - +Rule Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00u 0 - +Rule Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00u -1:00 - +Rule Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 0 - +Rule Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u -1:00 - +Rule Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u -1:00 - +Rule Eire 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u -1:00 - + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] + #STDOFF -0:25:21.1 +Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 + -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00s + -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s + 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence + 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00s + 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00s + 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00s + 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00s + 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00s + 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 +# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. + 1:00 Eire IST/GMT +# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. +# 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u +# 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 +# 0:00 EU GMT/IST +# End of rearguard section. + + +############################################################################### + +# Europe + +# The following rules are for the European Union and for its +# predecessor organization, the European Communities. +# For brevity they are called "EU rules" elsewhere in this file. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S +Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - +Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - +Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - +Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S +Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - +# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See: +# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council +# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements. +# http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT + +# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. +Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S +Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - +Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - +Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - +Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S +Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - + +# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. +# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. +Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S +Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - +Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - +Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - +Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - +Rule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S +# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. +Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-07-13): +# +# I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s +# in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was +# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the +# tz database itself, as seen below: +# +# Zone Europe/Paris ... +# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 +# +# Zone Europe/Monaco ... +# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 +# +# Zone Europe/Belgrade ... +# 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s +# +# Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - +# Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - +# Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - +# +# The rule line to be changed is: +# +# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 - +# +# It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on +# 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no +# countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items +# affected are apparently these fictitious zones that translate acronyms +# CET and MET: +# +# Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT +# Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT +# +# It this is right then the corrected version would look like: +# +# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - +# +# A small step for mankind though 8-) +Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - +Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - +Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - + +# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. +Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - +Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - +Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S +Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - + + +# Daylight saving time for Russia and the Soviet Union +# +# The 1917-1921 decree URLs are from Alexander Belopolsky (2016-08-23). + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time +# +# Decree No. 142 (1917-12-22) http://istmat.info/node/28137 +Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time +# +# Decree No. 497 (1918-05-30) http://istmat.info/node/30001 +Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time +Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST +# +# Decree No. 258 (1919-05-29) http://istmat.info/node/37949 +Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST +# +Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 0:00u 1:00 MSD +Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK +# +# Decree No. 63 (1921-02-03) http://istmat.info/node/45840 +Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD +# +# Decree No. 121 (1921-03-07) http://istmat.info/node/45949 +Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 +05 +# +Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD +Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +# Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): +Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +# Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in +# Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): +Rule Russia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule Russia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S +# +Rule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - +# As described below, Russia's 2014 change affects Zone data, not Rule data. + +# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): +# Wikipedia and other sources refer to the Act of the Council of +# Ministers of the USSR from 1988-01-04 No. 5 and the Act of the +# Council of Ministers of the USSR from 1989-03-14 No. 227. +# +# I did not find full texts of these acts. For the 1989 one we have +# title at https://base.garant.ru/70754136/ : +# "About change in calculation of time on the territories of +# Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR and Estonian SSR, Astrakhan, +# Kaliningrad, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk and Uralsk oblasts". +# And http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt appears to +# contain quotes from both acts: Since last Sunday of March 1988 rules +# of the second time belt are installed in Volgograd and Saratov +# oblasts. Since last Sunday of March 1989: +# a) Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, Estonian SSR, Kaliningrad oblast: +# second time belt rules without extra hour (Moscow-1); +# b) Astrakhan, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk oblasts: second time belt +# rules (Moscow time) +# c) Uralsk oblast: third time belt rules (Moscow+1). + +# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27): +# Unamended version of the act of the +# Government of the Russian Federation No. 23 from 08.01.1992 +# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102014034&rdk=0 +# says that every year clocks were to be moved forward on last Sunday +# of March at 2 hours and moved backwards on last Sunday of September +# at 3 hours. It was amended in 1996 to replace September with October. + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14): +# According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev +# signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011. +# According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time. +# +# Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian): +# http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583 +# +# Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian): +# https://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html + +# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): +# Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered +# to be standard. + +# These are for backward compatibility with older versions. + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT +Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT +Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT +Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT + +# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST +# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. + +# From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12): +# The official German names ... are +# +# Mitteleuropäische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 +# Mitteleuropäische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 +# +# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz über die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), +# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... +# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution +# +# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) +# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" +# Postfach 3345 +# D-38023 Braunschweig +# phone: +49 531 592-0 +# +# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB +# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the +# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as +# +# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 +# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 + + +# Albania +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - +Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - +Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - +Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - +Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - +Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - +Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - +Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - +Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - +Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - +Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 + 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 + 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul + 1:00 EU CE%sT + +# Andorra +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 + 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 + 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 + 1:00 EU CE%sT + +# Austria + +# Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21. + +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and +# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and +# Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged" +# date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition +# Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV, +# and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12. + +# From Alois Treindl (2019-07-22): +# In 1946 the end of DST was on Monday, 7 October 1946, at 3:00 am. +# Shanks had this right. Source: Die Weltpresse, 5. Oktober 1946, page 5. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - +Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Austria 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - +Rule Austria 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920 + 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s + 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s + 1:00 - CET 1946 + 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 + 1:00 EU CE%sT + +# Belarus +# +# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-02): +# http://www.lawbelarus.com/repub/sub30/texf9611.htm +# (Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus from +# 1992-03-25 No. 157) ... says clocks were to be moved forward at 2:00 +# on last Sunday of March and backward at 3:00 on last Sunday of September +# (the same as previous USSR and contemporary Russian regulations). +# +# From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16): +# By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to +# GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST). +# +# Sources (Russian language): +# http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html +# http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/ +# https://news.tut.by/society/250578.html +# +# From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09): +# Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time.... +# http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html +# +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 + 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time + 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 + 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 + 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 3:00 - +03 + +# Belgium +# Luxembourg +# Netherlands +# +# From Michael Deckers (2019-08-25): +# The exposition in the web page +# https://www.bestor.be/wiki/index.php/Voyager_dans_le_temps._L%E2%80%99introduction_de_la_norme_de_Greenwich_en_Belgique +# gives several contemporary sources from which one can conclude that +# the switch in Europe/Brussels on 1892-05-01 was from 00:17:30 to 00:00:00. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-28): +# This quote helps explain the late-1914 situation: +# In early November 1914, the Germans imposed the time zone used in central +# Europe and forced the inhabitants to set their watches and public clocks +# sixty minutes ahead. Many were reluctant to accept "German time" and +# continued to use "Belgian time" among themselves. Reflecting the spirit of +# resistance that arose in the population, a song made fun of this change.... +# The song ended: +# Putting your clock forward +# Will but hasten the happy hour +# When we kick out the Boches! +# See: Pluvinage G. Brussels on German time. Cahiers Bruxellois - +# Brusselse Cahiers. 2014;XLVI(1E):15-38. +# https://www.cairn.info/revue-cahiers-bruxellois-2014-1E-page-15.htm +# +# Entries from 1914 through 1917 are taken from "De tijd in België" +# <https://www.astro.oma.be/GENERAL/INFO/nli001a.html>. +# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: +# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, +# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe année, 1991 +# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), +# pp 8-9. +# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for the 1918/1991 references. +# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. +# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect. +# +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - +Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - +Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - +Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - +Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S +# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd +# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier), +# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15 +# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT. +Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - +Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - +Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - +Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - +Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 + 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 00:17:30 + 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 + 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u + 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 + 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 + 1:00 EU CE%sT + +# Bulgaria +# +# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): +# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No. 94/1997) says: +# EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... +# EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October +# +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - +Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - +Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 + 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? + 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 + 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00 + 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 + 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 3:00 + 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 + 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 + 2:00 EU EE%sT + +# Cyprus +# Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia. + +# Czech Republic (Czechia) +# Slovakia +# +# From Ivan Benovic (2024-01-30): +# https://www.slov-lex.sk/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/1946/54/ +# (This is an official link to the Czechoslovak Summer Time Act of +# March 8, 1946 that authorizes the Czechoslovak government to set the +# exact dates of change to summer time and back to Central European Time. +# The act also implicitly confirms Central European Time as the +# official time zone of Czechoslovakia and currently remains in force +# in both the Czech Republic and Slovakia.) +# https://www.psp.cz/eknih/1945pns/tisky/t0216_00.htm +# (This is a link to the original legislative proposal dating back to +# February 22, 1946. The accompanying memorandum to the proposal says +# that an advisory committee on European railroad transportation that +# met in Brussels in October 1945 decided that the change of time +# should be carried out in all participating countries in a strictly +# coordinated manner....) +# +# From Paul Eggert (2024-01-30): +# The source for Czech data is: Kdy začíná a končí letní čas. +# https://kalendar.beda.cz/kdy-zacina-a-konci-letni-cas +# Its main text disagrees with its quoted sources only in 1918, +# where the main text says spring and autumn transitions +# occurred at 02:00 and 03:00 respectively (as usual), +# whereas the 1918 source "Oznámení o zavedení letního času v roce 1918" +# says transitions were at 01:00 and 02:00 respectively. +# As the 1918 source appears to be a humorous piece, and it is +# unlikely that Prague would have disagreed with its neighbors by an hour, +# go with the main text for now. +# +# We know of no English-language name for historical Czech winter time; +# abbreviate it as "GMT", as it happened to be GMT. +# +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Czech 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - +Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +Rule Czech 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 + 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 9 + 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1946 Dec 1 3:00 +# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. + 1:00 -1:00 GMT 1947 Feb 23 2:00 +# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. +# 0:00 - GMT 1947 Feb 23 2:00 +# End of rearguard section. + 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 + 1:00 EU CE%sT + +# Faroe Is +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn + 0:00 - WET 1981 + 0:00 EU WE%sT + +# Greenland +# +# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31): +# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in +# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones. +# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2017-12-10): +# Greenland joined the European Communities as part of Denmark, +# obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, and left the European Communities +# on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU +# rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthåb +# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU +# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. + +# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing +# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15), +# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen: +# +# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC +# is according to the following time line: +# +# The military zone near Thule UTC-4 +# Standard Greenland time UTC-3 +# Scoresbysund UTC-1 +# Danmarkshavn UTC +# +# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be +# introduced. + +# From Rives McDow (2001-11-01): +# +# I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at +# the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have +# not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have +# info from earlier correspondence.] +# +# According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule +# Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight +# savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time.... +# +# The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund +# uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst. +# There are just a few stations on this coast, including the +# Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th +# email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in +# Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the +# DPC research station at Zackenberg. +# +# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use +# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthåb). +# +# The rest of Greenland, including Godthåb (this area, although it +# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time +# UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules. +# +# It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and +# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators +# maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of +# this area is that it sticks with Godthåb time. This area might be +# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this. + +# From Rives McDow (2001-11-19): +# I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place +# there at 2:00 AM. + +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; +# the 1995 map as like Godthåb. +# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthåb before 1996. +# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error, +# so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year. +# For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules. + +# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): +# "Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund" is officially named +# "National Park" by Executive Order: +# http://naalakkersuisut.gl/~/media/Nanoq/Files/Attached%20Files/Engelske-tekster/Legislation/Executive%20Order%20National%20Park.rtf +# It is their only National Park. + +# From Jonas Nyrup (2022-11-24): +# On last Saturday in October 2023 when DST ends America/Nuuk will switch +# from -03/-02 to -02/-01 +# https://sermitsiaq.ag/forslagtidsforskel-danmark-mindskes-sommertid-beholdes +# ... +# https://sermitsiaq.ag/groenland-skifte-tidszone-trods-bekymringer +# +# From Jürgen Appel (2022-11-25): +# https://ina.gl/samlinger/oversigt-over-samlinger/samling/dagsordener/dagsorden.aspx?lang=da&day=24-11-2022 +# +# From Thomas M. Steenholdt (2022-12-02): +# - The bill to move America/Nuuk from UTC-03 to UTC-02 passed. +# - The bill to stop observing DST did not (Greenland will stop observing DST +# when EU does). +# Details on the implementation are here (section 6): +# https://ina.gl/dvd/EM%202022/pdf/media/2553529/pkt17_em2022_tidens_bestemmelse_bem_da.pdf +# This is how the change will be implemented: +# 1. The shift *to* DST in 2023 happens as normal. +# 2. The shift *from* DST in 2023 happens as normal, but coincides with the +# shift to UTC-02 normaltime (people will not change their clocks here). +# 3. After this, DST is still observed, but as -02/-01 instead of -03/-02. +# +# From Múte Bourup Egede via Jógvan Svabo Samuelsen (2023-03-15): +# Greenland will not switch to Daylight Saving Time this year, 2023, +# because the standard time for Greenland will change from UTC -3 to UTC -2. +# However, Greenland will change to Daylight Saving Time again in 2024 +# and onwards. + +# From a contributor who wishes to remain anonymous for now (2023-10-29): +# https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/seneste/i-nat-skal-uret-stilles-en-time-tilbage-men-foerste-gang-sker-det-ikke-i-groenland +# with a link to that page: +# https://naalakkersuisut.gl/Nyheder/2023/10/2710_sommertid +# ... Ittoqqortoormiit joins the time of Nuuk at March 2024. +# What would mean that America/Scoresbysund would either be in -01 year round +# or in -02/-01 like America/Nuuk, but no longer in -01/+00. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2023-10-29): +# For now, assume it will be like America/Nuuk. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S +# +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 + -3:00 - -03 1980 Apr 6 2:00 + -3:00 EU -03/-02 1996 + 0:00 - GMT +# +# Use the old name Scoresbysund, as the current name Ittoqqortoormiit +# exceeds tzdb's 14-letter limit and has no common English abbreviation. +Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit + -2:00 - -02 1980 Apr 6 2:00 + -2:00 C-Eur -02/-01 1981 Mar 29 + -1:00 EU -01/+00 2024 Mar 31 + -2:00 EU -02/-01 +Zone America/Nuuk -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Godthåb + -3:00 - -03 1980 Apr 6 2:00 + -3:00 EU -03/-02 2023 Mar 26 1:00u + -2:00 - -02 2023 Oct 29 1:00u + -2:00 EU -02/-01 +Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik + -4:00 Thule A%sT + +# Estonia +# +# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): +# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). +# +# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15): +# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards +# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, +# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... +# +# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28): +# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, +# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] +# "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different +# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules +# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... +# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on +# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to +# summer time next spring." + +# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited: +# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law +# http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390 +# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between +# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120). +# +# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation +# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" +# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). + +# From The Baltic Times <https://www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09) +# via Steffen Thorsen: +# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, +# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... +# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European +# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory +# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do +# after that. + +# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29): +# Regulation No. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation +# No. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all +# the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. + +# From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21): +# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics. +# Now we are using again EU rules. +# +# From Urmet Jänes (2002-03-28): +# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21. + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 + 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul + 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May + 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 + 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s + 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s + 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 + 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Oct 31 4:00 + 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21 + 2:00 EU EE%sT + +# Finland + +# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC): +# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, +# and it's supposed to change at 4am... + +# From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15): +# +# I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982. +# During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour +# earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made +# according to the central European standards. +# +# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac +# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in +# Finnish) at +# https://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf +# +# Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings +# transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills. +# +# This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at: +# http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401 +# +# The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not +# exist tonight." + +# From Konstantin Hyppönen (2014-06-13): +# [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013] +# https://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf +# pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942 +# say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942, +# 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper +# mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday".... +# On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14): +# Go with Oja over Shanks. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 2 24:00 1:00 S +Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 4 1:00 0 - +Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - + +# Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document). + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] + #STDOFF 1:39:49.2 +Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:49 - LMT 1878 May 31 + 1:39:49 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time + 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983 + 2:00 EU EE%sT + +# France +# Monaco + +# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20): +# +# Henri Le Corre, Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, Éditions +# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993 +# +# Gabriel, Traité de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Trédaniel, +# Paris, 1991 +# +# Françoise Gauquelin, Problèmes de l'heure résolus en astrologie, +# Guy Trédaniel, Paris 1987 + +# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-11): +# the law of 1891 <https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k64415343.texteImage> +# was published on 1891-03-15, so it could only take force on 1891-03-16. + +# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-10): +# Le Gaulois, 1911-03-11, page 1/6, online at +# https://www.retronews.fr/societe/echo-de-presse/2018/01/29/1911-change-lheure-de-paris +# ... [ Instantly, all pressure driven clock dials halted... Nine minutes and +# twenty-one seconds later the hands resumed their circular motion. ] +# There are also precise reports about how the change was prepared in train +# stations: all the publicly visible clocks stopped at midnight railway time +# (or were covered), only the chief of service had a watch, labeled +# "Heure ancienne", that he kept running until it reached 00:04:21, when +# he announced "Heure nouvelle". See the "Le Petit Journal 1911-03-11". +# https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6192911/f1.item.zoom +# +# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-12): +# That "all French clocks stopped" for 00:09:21 is a misreading of French +# newspapers; this sort of adjustment applies only to certain +# remote-controlled clocks ("pendules pneumatiques", of which there existed +# perhaps a dozen in Paris, and which simply could not be set back remotely), +# but not to all the clocks in all French towns and villages. For instance, +# the following story in the "Courrier de Saône-et-Loire" 1911-03-11, page 2: +# only works if legal time was stepped back (was not monotone): ... +# [One can observe that children who had been born at midnight less 5 +# minutes and who had died at midnight of the old time, would turn out to +# be dead before being born, time having been set back and having +# suppressed 9 minutes and 25 seconds of their existence, that is, more +# than they could spend.] +# +# From Paul Eggert (2020-06-12): +# French time in railway stations was legally five minutes behind civil time, +# which explains why railway "old time" ran to 00:04:21 instead of to 00:09:21. +# The law's text (which Michael Deckers noted is at +# <https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k2022333z/f2>) says only that +# at 1911-03-11 00:00 legal time was that of Paris mean time delayed by +# nine minutes and twenty-one seconds, and does not say how the +# transition from Paris mean time was to occur. +# +# tzdb has no way to represent stopped clocks. As the railway practice +# was to keep a watch running on "old time" to decide when to restart +# the other clocks, this could be modeled as a transition for "old time" at +# 00:09:21. However, since the law was ambiguous and clocks outside railway +# stations were probably done haphazardly with the popular impression being +# that the transition was done at 00:00 "old time", simply leave the time +# blank; this causes zic to default to 00:00 "old time" which is good enough. +# Do something similar for the 1891-03-16 transition. There are similar +# problems in Algiers, Monaco and Tunis. + +# +# Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman. +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - +Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - +Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - +Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S +# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st +# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions +# were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger. +Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - +Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - +Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S +# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger +# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations. +# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arnéguy, Orthez, +# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Marœuil, La +# Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes, +# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin, +# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Saône, Arbois, +# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie). +Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer +# Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, +# but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12), +# who quotes the Ephémérides astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes +# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. +Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S +Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M +Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S +Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M +Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S +Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M +Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S +Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M +Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - +# Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; +# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. +Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S +Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - +# Howse writes that the time in France was officially based +# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 16 + 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time +# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre. + 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 +# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation; +# go with Shanks & Pottenger. + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 + 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 + 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 + 1:00 EU CE%sT + +# Denmark +# Germany +# Norway +# Sweden + +# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29): +# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische +# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. +# [See tz-link.html for the URL.] + +# From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23): +# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by +# https://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/ +# General [Nikolai] Bersarin. + +# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08): +# http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf +# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20. +# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so +# this was equivalent to UT +03, not +04. + +# Svalbard & Jan Mayen + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01): +# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and +# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the +# time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared +# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan +# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From +# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html> and +# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html>). The law/regulation +# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came +# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a +# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From +# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html>) I have not been +# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100) +# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabited" since 1921 by +# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever +# since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since +# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere +# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive). + +# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04): +# +# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II, +# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was +# keeping Berlin time. +# +# <https://www.jan-mayen.no/history.htm> says that the meteorologists +# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in +# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite +# frequent air attacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a +# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly +# the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that +# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules. +# +# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an +# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says +# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ +# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were +# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, +# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954) +# http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html +# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named +# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. +# +# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Berlin +# for these regions. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - +Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +# https://www.ptb.de/cms/en/ptb/fachabteilungen/abt4/fb-44/ag-441/realisation-of-legal-time-in-germany/dst-and-midsummer-dst-in-germany-until-1979.html +# says the following transition occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ +# given in Shanks & Pottenger. Go with the PTB. +Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S +Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M +Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S +Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S + +Rule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer +Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S +Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00 + 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946 + 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 + 1:00 EU CE%sT + +# Georgia +# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi. +# Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni) +# is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part. + +# Gibraltar +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 + 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 + 1:00 - CET 1982 + 1:00 EU CE%sT + +# Greece +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger. +Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - +# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. +Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S +# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. +Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - +Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - +# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. +Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - +Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - +Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - +Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - +Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - +Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S +Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - +Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 + 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT + 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 + 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 + 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 + # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981; + # go with EU rules instead, since Greece joined Jan 1. + 2:00 EU EE%sT + +# Hungary + +# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-09): +# an Austrian encyclopedia of railroads of 1913, online at +# http://www.zeno.org/Roell-1912/A/Eisenbahnzeit +# says that the switch [to CET] happened on 1890-11-01. + +# From Géza Nyáry (2020-06-07): +# Data for 1918-1983 are based on the archive database of Library Hungaricana. +# The dates are collected from original, scanned governmental orders, +# bulletins, instructions and public press. +# [See URLs below.] + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1918/?pg=238 +# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1919/?pg=808 +# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1920/?pg=201 +Rule Hungary 1918 1919 - Apr 15 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Hungary 1918 1920 - Sep Mon>=15 3:00 0 - +Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00 1:00 S +# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1945/?pg=882 +Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - +# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Delmagyarorszag_1946_03/?pg=49 +Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S +# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Delmagyarorszag_1946_09/?pg=54 +Rule Hungary 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 - +# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/KulfBelfHirek_1947_04_1__001-123/?pg=90 +# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DunantuliNaplo_1947_09/?pg=128 +# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/KulfBelfHirek_1948_03_3__001-123/?pg=304 +# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Zala_1948_09/?pg=64 +# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/SatoraljaujhelyiLeveltar_ZempleniNepujsag_1948/?pg=53 +# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/SatoraljaujhelyiLeveltar_ZempleniNepujsag_1948/?pg=160 +# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/UjSzo_1949_01-04/?pg=102 +# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/KeletMagyarorszag_1949_03/?pg=96 +# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Delmagyarorszag_1949_09/?pg=94 +Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1954/?pg=513 +Rule Hungary 1954 only - May 23 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Hungary 1954 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - +# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1955/?pg=398 +Rule Hungary 1955 only - May 22 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Hungary 1955 only - Oct 2 3:00 0 - +# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/HevesMegyeiNepujsag_1956_06/?pg=0 +# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/EszakMagyarorszag_1956_06/?pg=6 +# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/SzolnokMegyeiNeplap_1957_04/?pg=120 +# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/PestMegyeiHirlap_1957_09/?pg=143 +Rule Hungary 1956 1957 - Jun Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Hungary 1956 1957 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - +# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1980/?pg=189 +Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Hungary 1980 only - Sep 28 1:00 0 - +# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1980/?pg=1227 +# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Delmagyarorszag_1981_01/?pg=79 +# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1982/?pg=115 +# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1983/?pg=85 +Rule Hungary 1981 1983 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Hungary 1981 1983 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - +# +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Nov 1 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 +# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1941/?pg=1204 +# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1942/?pg=3955 + 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 7 23:00 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 + 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1984 + 1:00 EU CE%sT + +# Italy +# San Marino +# Vatican City +# +# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): +# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893, +# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32). +# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time. +# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff, +# so record only the time in Rome. +# +# From Stephen Trainor (2019-05-06): +# http://www.ac-ilsestante.it/MERIDIANE/ora_legale/ORA_LEGALE_ESTIVA_IN_ITALIA.htm +# ... the [1866] law went into effect on 12 December 1866, rather than +# the date of the decree (22 Sep 1866) +# https://web.archive.org/web/20070824155341/http://www.iav.it/planetario/didastro/didastro/english.htm +# ... "In Italy in 1866 there were 6 railway times (Torino, Verona, Firenze, +# Roma, Napoli, Palermo). On that year it was decided to unify them, adopting +# the average time of Rome (even if this city was not yet part of the +# kingdom). On the 12th December 1866, on the starting of the winter time +# table, it took effect in the railways, the post office and the telegraph, +# not only for the internal service but also for the public.... Milano set +# the public watches on the Rome time on the same day (12th December 1866), +# Torino and Bologna on the 1st January 1867, Venezia the 1st May 1880 and the +# last city was Cagliari in 1886." +# +# From Luigi Rosa (2019-05-07): +# this is the scan of the decree: +# http://www.radiomarconi.com/marconi/filopanti/1866c.jpg +# +# From Michael Deckers (2016-10-24): +# http://www.ac-ilsestante.it/MERIDIANE/ora_legale quotes a law of 1893-08-10 +# ... [translated as] "The preceding dispositions will enter into +# force at the instant at which, according to the time specified in +# the 1st article, the 1st of November 1893 will begin...." +# +# From Pierpaolo Bernardi (2016-10-20): +# The authoritative source for time in Italy is the national metrological +# institute, which has a summary page of historical DST data at +# http://www.inrim.it/res/tf/ora_legale_i.shtml +# [now at http://oldsite.inrim.it/res/tf/ora_legale_i.shtml as of 2017] +# (2016-10-24): +# http://www.renzobaldini.it/le-ore-legali-in-italia/ +# has still different data for 1944. It divides Italy in two, as +# there were effectively two governments at the time, north of Gothic +# Line German controlled territory, official government RSI, and south +# of the Gothic Line, controlled by allied armies. +# +# From Brian Inglis (2016-10-23): +# Viceregal LEGISLATIVE DECREE. 14 September 1944, no. 219. +# Restoration of Standard Time. (044U0219) (OJ 62 of 30.9.1944) ... +# Given the R. law decreed on 1944-03-29, no. 92, by which standard time is +# advanced to sixty minutes later starting at hour two on 1944-04-02; ... +# Starting at hour three on the date 1944-09-17 standard time will be resumed. +# +# From Alois Treindl (2019-07-02): +# I spent 6 Euros to buy two archive copies of Il Messaggero, a Roman paper, +# for 1 and 2 April 1944. The edition of 2 April has this note: "Tonight at 2 +# am, put forward the clock by one hour. Remember that in the night between +# today and Monday the 'ora legale' will come in force again." That makes it +# clear that in Rome the change was on Monday, 3 April 1944 at 2 am. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2021-10-05): +# Go with INRiM for DST rules, except as corrected by Inglis for 1944 +# for the Kingdom of Italy. This is consistent with Renzo Baldini. +# Model Rome's occupation by using C-Eur rules from 1943-09-10 +# to 1944-06-04; although Rome was an open city during this period, it +# was effectively controlled by Germany. Using C-Eur is consistent +# with Treindl's comment about Rome in April 1944, as the "Rule Italy" +# lines during German occupation do not affect Europe/Rome +# (though they do affect Europe/Malta). +# +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 24:00 1:00 S +Rule Italy 1916 1917 - Sep 30 24:00 0 - +Rule Italy 1917 only - Mar 31 24:00 1:00 S +Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 9 24:00 1:00 S +Rule Italy 1918 only - Oct 6 24:00 0 - +Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 1 24:00 1:00 S +Rule Italy 1919 only - Oct 4 24:00 0 - +Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 S +Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 18 24:00 0 - +Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 14 24:00 1:00 S +Rule Italy 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - +Rule Italy 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Italy 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - +Rule Italy 1944 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - +Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 1:00 0 - +Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - +Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - +Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - +Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Italy 1966 only - Sep 24 24:00 0 - +Rule Italy 1967 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00s 0 - +Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - +Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - +Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - +Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - +Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - +Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - +Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Dec 12 + 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Oct 31 23:00u # Rome Mean + 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1943 Sep 10 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jun 4 + 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 + 1:00 EU CE%sT + +# Latvia + +# From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17): + +# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy +# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the +# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about +# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... +# +# Act No. 35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... +# according to the Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 +# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning +# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00) +# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00). +# +# Act No. 592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ... +# according to the Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13 +# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning +# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 +# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of +# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). +# +# Act No. 81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ... +# according to the Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14 +# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, +# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the +# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia +# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 +# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of +# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 +# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is +# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... +# +# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of +# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of +# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. + +# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): +# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in +# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of +# 29-Feb-2000 (No. 79) <http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm>, +# in Latvian for subscribers only). + +# From RFE/RL Newsline +# http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html +# (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow: +# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will +# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported. +# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their +# clocks one hour in the spring.... +# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvītis noted that Latvia had too few +# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European +# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving +# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government +# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it +# appears that they will not do so.... + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - + +# Milne 1899 says Riga was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time). +# Byalokoz 1919 says Latvia was 1:36:34. +# Go with Byalokoz. + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:34 - LMT 1880 + 1:36:34 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 # Riga MT + 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 # Latvian ST + 1:36:34 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 + 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 + 1:36:34 - RMT 1926 May 11 + 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 + 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s + 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s + 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 + 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 + 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2 + 2:00 EU EE%sT + +# Lithuania + +# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): +# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). + +# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): +# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is +# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. + +# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07): +# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone +# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. + +# From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) <http://www.elta.lt/>, +# via Steffen Thorsen: +# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) +# to be valid here starting from October 31, +# as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... +# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a +# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was +# already done by Estonia. + +# From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism +# <http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm> (2000-03-27): +# Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving. + +# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07): +# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will +# observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid +# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its +# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of +# 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at +# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm + + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 + 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time + 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time + 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 + 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 + 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 + 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s + 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 + 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u + 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u + 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1 + 2:00 EU EE%sT + +# Malta +# +# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-21): +# Assume 1900-1972 was like Rome, overriding Shanks. +# +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - +Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - +Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - +Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta + 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 + 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 + 1:00 EU CE%sT + +# Moldova + +# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): +# the act of the government of the Republic of Moldova Nr. 132 from 1990-05-04 +# http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=298782&lang=2 +# ... says that since 1990-05-06 on the territory of the Moldavian SSR +# time would be calculated as the standard time of the second time belt +# plus one hour of the "summer" time. To implement that clocks would be +# adjusted one hour backwards at 1990-05-06 2:00. After that "summer" +# time would be cancelled last Sunday of September at 3:00 and +# reintroduced last Sunday of March at 2:00. + +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write +# that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00. +# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence +# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree). +# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area +# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time. +# But [two people] separately reported via +# Jesper Nørgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau. +# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now. +# +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17): +# Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as +# "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition +# to the Winter Time). +# +# News (in Russian): +# http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html +# http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html +# +# The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry) +# is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17) +# +# From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19) +# In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol +# a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32. +# +# (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed) +# +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26) +# NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point. +# As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own +# decision to abolish DST this winter. +# Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- +# Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011. +# News from Moldova (in russian): +# https://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html + +# From Roman Tudos (2015-07-02): +# http://lex.justice.md/index.php?action=view&view=doc&lang=1&id=355077 +# From Paul Eggert (2015-07-01): +# The abovementioned official link to IGO1445-868/2014 states that +# 2014-10-26's fallback transition occurred at 03:00 local time. Also, +# https://www.trm.md/en/social/la-30-martie-vom-trece-la-ora-de-vara +# says the 2014-03-30 spring-forward transition was at 02:00 local time. +# Guess that since 1997 Moldova has switched one hour before the EU. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Moldova 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Moldova 1997 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 + 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT + 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT + 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 + 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 May 6 2:00 + 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 + 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 +# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. + 2:00 Moldova EE%sT + +# Poland + +# The 1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urzędowy nr 1 (1919-03-20), +# <http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/publication/32156> pp 1-2. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - +Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S +# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger. +Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - +# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger. +Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - +# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski, +# Toruń Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U., +# https://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1 +# Thanks to Przemysław Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference. +# He also gives these further references: +# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm> +# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf> +Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - +Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S +Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - +Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S +Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S +Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - +Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S +Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S +Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 + 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 + 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun + 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct + 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 + 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988 + 1:00 EU CE%sT + +# Portugal + +# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne: +# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26) +# https://dre.pt/application/dir/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf +# Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00. +# +# From Michael Deckers (2018-02-15): +# article 5 [of the 1911 decree; Deckers's translation] ...: +# These dispositions shall enter into force at the instant at which, +# according to the 2nd article, the civil day January 1, 1912 begins, +# all clocks therefore having to be advanced or set back correspondingly ... + +# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12): +# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone +# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. +# +# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve +# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. +# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. +# +# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): +# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions +# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. +# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. +# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. +# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal +# harmonized with EU rules), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. +# +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not +# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules. +# Go with Shanks & Pottenger. +Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S +# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. +Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - +Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - +Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - +Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - +Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S +# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger. +Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - +Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S +# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger. +Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - +# Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. +Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S +# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger. +Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S +# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. +Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - +Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S +# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. +Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - +Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer +Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - +Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M +Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M +Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - +# Whitman says DST was not observed in 1950; go with Shanks & Pottenger. +# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. +Rule Port 1947 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1947 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - +Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - +Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - +Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S +# +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] + #STDOFF -0:36:44.68 +Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884 + -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 0:00u # Lisbon MT + 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 + 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 + 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s + 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s + 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u + 0:00 EU WE%sT +Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada + -1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 2:00u # Horta MT +# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support %z. +# -2:00 Port %z 1966 Apr 3 2:00 +# -1:00 Port %z 1983 Sep 25 1:00s +# -1:00 W-Eur %z 1992 Sep 27 1:00s +# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking %z; see ziguard.awk. + -2:00 Port -02/-01 1942 Apr 25 22:00s + -2:00 Port +00 1942 Aug 15 22:00s + -2:00 Port -02/-01 1943 Apr 17 22:00s + -2:00 Port +00 1943 Aug 28 22:00s + -2:00 Port -02/-01 1944 Apr 22 22:00s + -2:00 Port +00 1944 Aug 26 22:00s + -2:00 Port -02/-01 1945 Apr 21 22:00s + -2:00 Port +00 1945 Aug 25 22:00s + -2:00 Port -02/-01 1966 Apr 3 2:00 + -1:00 Port -01/+00 1983 Sep 25 1:00s + -1:00 W-Eur -01/+00 1992 Sep 27 1:00s +# End of rearguard section. + 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u + -1:00 EU -01/+00 +Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal + -1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u # Funchal MT +# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support %z. +# -1:00 Port %z 1966 Apr 3 2:00 +# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking %z; see ziguard.awk. + -1:00 Port -01/+00 1942 Apr 25 22:00s + -1:00 Port +01 1942 Aug 15 22:00s + -1:00 Port -01/+00 1943 Apr 17 22:00s + -1:00 Port +01 1943 Aug 28 22:00s + -1:00 Port -01/+00 1944 Apr 22 22:00s + -1:00 Port +01 1944 Aug 26 22:00s + -1:00 Port -01/+00 1945 Apr 21 22:00s + -1:00 Port +01 1945 Aug 25 22:00s + -1:00 Port -01/+00 1966 Apr 3 2:00 +# End of rearguard section. + 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s + 0:00 EU WE%sT + +# Romania +# +# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): +# Nine O'clock <http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html> +# (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at +# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, +# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, +# the same year as Bulgaria. +# +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - +Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - +Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - +Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct + 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT + 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s + 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 + 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 + 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 + 2:00 EU EE%sT + + +# Russia + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15): +# Based on last Russian Government Decree No. 725 on August 31, 2011 +# (Government document +# http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/ +# in Russian) +# there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones... +# All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English +# by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below: +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm + +# From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27): +# Scans of [Decree No. 23 of January 8, 1992] are available at: +# http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966 +# They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian). + +# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): +# Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia +# changed in September 2011: +# +# One source is +# http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/ +# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31, +# 2011 No. 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information. +# +# Another source is +# https://rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html +# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the +# Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also +# contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on: +# in the 'RG' - Federal Issue No. 5573 September 6, 2011" but which +# does not contain any "effective date" information. +# +# Another source is +# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7 +# which, in note 8, contains "Resolution No. 725 of August 31, 2011... +# Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" +# but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011. +# +# The Wikipedia article refers to +# http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896 +# which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page. +# +# Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's +# "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" +# with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to +# get September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias +# Conradi notes). +# +# None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks. +# +# Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s. + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01): +# According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency) +# http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562 +# the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to +# winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones. The new +# regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ... +# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(Spravka)?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02 +# Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N +# 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding +# areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English): +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html +# +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22): +# Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian) +# http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711 +# http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660 +# http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279 +# From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will look like this: +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html + +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, +# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger, +# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat +# 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. +# +# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): +# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! +# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; +# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching +# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. +# +# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04): +# 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with +# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... +# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor +# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. +# +# From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30): +# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from +# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... +# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. +# +# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from +# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07): +# News - often false - is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was +# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with +# the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began +# enforcing curfew at the wrong time. +# +# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05): +# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in +# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the +# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan +# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok +# since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are +# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have +# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan. + +# From Marat Nigametzianov (2018-07-16): +# this is link to order from 1956 about timezone in USSR +# http://astro.uni-altai.ru/~orion/blog/2011/11/novyie-granitsyi-chasovyih-poyasov-v-sssr/ +# +# From Paul Eggert (2018-07-16): +# Perhaps someone could translate the above-mentioned link and use it +# to correct our data for the ex-Soviet Union. It cites the following: +# «Поясное время и новые границы часовых поясов» / сост. П.Н. Долгов, +# отв. ред. Г.Д. Бурдун - М: Комитет стандартов, мер и измерительных +# приборов при Совете Министров СССР, Междуведомственная комиссия +# единой службы времени, 1956 г. +# This book looks like it would be a helpful resource for the Soviet +# Union through 1956. Although a copy was in the Scientific Library +# of Tomsk State University, I have not been able to track down a copy nearby. +# +# From Stepan Golosunov (2018-07-21): +# http://astro.uni-altai.ru/~orion/blog/2015/05/center-reforma-ischisleniya-vremeni-br-na-territorii-sssr-v-1957-godu-center/ +# says that the 1956 decision to change time belts' borders was not +# implemented as planned in 1956 and the change happened in 1957. +# There is also the problem that actual time zones were different from +# the official time belts (and from many time belts' maps) as there were +# numerous exceptions to application of time belt rules. For example, +# https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Московское_время#Перемещение_границы_применения_московского_времени_на_восток +# says that by 1962 there were many regions in the 3rd time belt that +# were on Moscow time, referring to a 1962 map. By 1989 number of such +# exceptions grew considerably. + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): +# The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist +# with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions +# are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative +# listing. The region codes listed come from +# https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498 +# and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their +# future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level +# divisions where available. + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): +# Europe/Kaliningrad covers... +# 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast + +# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-25): +# Although Shanks lists 1945-01-01 as the date for transition from +# +01/+02 to +02/+03, more likely this is a placeholder. Guess that +# the transition occurred at 1945-04-10 00:00, which is about when +# Königsberg surrendered to Soviet troops. (Thanks to Alois Treindl.) + +# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): +# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). + +# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): +# http://www.rgo.ru/ru/kaliningradskoe-oblastnoe-otdelenie/ob-otdelenii/publikacii/kak-nam-zhilos-bez-letnego-vremeni +# confirms that the 1989 change to Moscow-1 was implemented. +# (The article, though, is misattributed to 1990 while saying that +# summer->winter transition would be done on the 24 of September. But +# 1990-09-24 was Monday, while 1989-09-24 was Sunday as expected.) +# ... +# http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091 +# says that Kaliningrad switched to Moscow-1 on 1989-03-26, avoided +# at the last moment switch to Moscow-1 on 1991-03-31, switched to +# Moscow on 1991-11-03, switched to Moscow-1 on 1992-01-19. + +Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 10 + 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1946 Apr 7 + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s + 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 3:00 - +03 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 2:00 - EET + + +# From Paul Eggert (2016-02-21), per Tim Parenti (2014-07-03) and +# Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): +# Europe/Moscow covers... +# 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of +# 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of +# 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of +# 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic +# 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of +# 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic +# 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of +# 11 RU-KO Komi Republic +# 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic +# 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of +# 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of +# 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of +# 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic +# 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic +# 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai +# 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai +# 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast +# 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast +# 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast +# 33 RU-VLA Vladimir Oblast +# 35 RU-VLG Vologda Oblast +# 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast +# 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast +# 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast +# 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast +# 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast +# 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast +# 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast +# 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast +# 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast +# 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast +# 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast +# 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast +# 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast +# 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast +# 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast +# 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast +# 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast +# 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast +# 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast +# 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast +# 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast +# 77 RU-MOW Moscow +# 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg +# 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug + +# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23): +# The Soviets switched to UT-based time in 1919. Decree No. 59 +# (1919-02-08) http://istmat.info/node/35567 established UT-based time +# zones, and Decree No. 147 (1919-03-29) http://istmat.info/node/35854 +# specified a transition date of 1919-07-01, apparently at 00:00 UT. +# No doubt only the Soviet-controlled regions switched on that date; +# later transitions to UT-based time in other parts of Russia are +# taken from what appear to be guesses by Shanks. +# (Thanks to Alexander Belopolsky for pointers to the decrees.) + +# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): +# 11. Regions-violators, 1981-1982. +# Wikipedia refers to +# http://maps.monetonos.ru/maps/raznoe/Old_Maps/Old_Maps/Articles/022/3_1981.html +# http://besp.narod.ru/nauka_1981_3.htm +# +# The second link provides two articles scanned from the Nauka i Zhizn +# magazine No. 3, 1981 and a scan of the short article attributed to +# the Trud newspaper from February 1982. The first link provides the +# same Nauka i Zhizn articles converted to the text form (but misses +# time belt changes map). +# +# The second Nauka i Zhizn article says that in addition to +# introduction of summer time on 1981-04-01 there are some time belt +# border changes on 1981-10-01, mostly affecting Nenets Autonomous +# Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Yakutia, Magadan Oblast and Chukotka +# according to the provided map (colored one). In addition to that +# "time violators" (regions which were not using rules of the time +# belts in which they were located) would not be moving off the DST on +# 1981-10-01 to restore the decree time usage. (Komi ASSR was +# supposed to repeat that move in October 1982 to account for the 2 +# hour difference.) Map depicting "time violators" before 1981-10-01 +# is also provided. +# +# The article from Trud says that 1981-10-01 changes caused problems +# and some territories would be moved to pre-1981-10-01 time by not +# moving to summer time on 1982-04-01. Namely: Dagestan, +# Kabardino-Balkar, Kalmyk, Komi, Mari, Mordovian, North Ossetian, +# Tatar, Chechen-Ingush and Chuvash ASSR, Krasnodar and Stavropol +# krais, Arkhangelsk, Vladimir, Vologda, Voronezh, Gorky, Ivanovo, +# Kostroma, Lipetsk, Penza, Rostov, Ryazan, Tambov, Tyumen and +# Yaroslavl oblasts, Nenets and Evenk autonomous okrugs, Khatangsky +# district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. As a result Evenk Autonomous +# Okrug and Khatangsky district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug would end +# up on Moscow+4, Tyumen Oblast on Moscow+2 and the rest on Moscow +# time. +# +# http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt +# attributes the 1982 changes to the Act of the Council of Ministers +# of the USSR No. 126 from 18.02.1982. 1980-925.txt also adds +# Udmurtia to the list of affected territories and lists Khatangsky +# district separately from Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. Probably erroneously. +# +# The affected territories are currently listed under Europe/Moscow, +# Asia/Yekaterinburg and Asia/Krasnoyarsk. +# +# 12. Udmurtia +# The fact that Udmurtia is depicted as a violator in the Nauka i +# Zhizn article hints at Izhevsk being on different time from +# Kuybyshev before 1981-10-01. Udmurtia is not mentioned in the 1989 act. +# http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt +# implies Udmurtia was on Moscow time after 1982-04-01. +# Wikipedia implies Udmurtia being on Moscow+1 until 1991. +# +# ... +# +# All Russian zones are supposed to have by default a -1 change at +# 1991-03-31 2:00 (cancellation of the decree time in the USSR) and a +1 +# change at 1992-01-19 2:00 (restoration of the decree time in Russia). +# +# There were some exceptions, though. +# Wikipedia says newspapers listed Astrakhan, Saratov, Kirov, Volgograd, +# Izhevsk, Grozny, Kazan and Samara as such exceptions for the 1992 +# change. (Different newspapers providing different lists. And some +# lists found in the internet are quite wild.) +# +# And apparently some exceptions were reverted in the last moment. +# http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091 +# says that Kaliningrad decided not to be an exception 2 days before the +# 1991-03-31 switch and one person at +# https://izhevsk.ru/forum_light_message/50/682597-m8369040.html +# says he remembers that Samara opted out of the 1992-01-19 exception +# 2 days before the switch. +# +# From Alois Treindl (2022-02-15): +# the Russian wikipedia page +# https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Московское_время#Перемещение_границы_применения_московского_времени_на_восток +# contains the sentence (in Google translation) "In the autumn of +# 1981, Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Yaroslavl, Ivanovo, Vladimir, Ryazan, +# Lipetsk, Voronezh, Rostov-on-Don, Krasnodar and regions to the east +# of those named (about 30 in total) parted ways with Moscow time. +# However, the convenience of common time with Moscow turned out to be +# decisive - in 1982, these regions again switched to Moscow time." +# Shanks International atlas has similar information, and also the +# Russian book Zaitsev A., Kutalev D. A new astrologer's reference +# book. Coordinates of cities and time corrections, - The World of +# Urania, 2012 (Russian: Зайцев А., Куталёв Д., Новый справочник +# астролога. Координаты городов и временные поправки). +# To me it seems that an extra zone is needed, which starts with LMT +# util 1919, later follows Moscow since 1930, but deviates from it +# between 1 October 1981 until 1 April 1982. +# +# +# From Paul Eggert (2022-02-15): +# Given the above, we appear to be missing some Zone entries for the +# chaotic early 1980s in Russia. It's not clear what these entries +# should be. For now, sweep this under the rug and just document the +# time in Moscow. + +# From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08): +# LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow +# Observatory (coordinates: 55° 45' 29.70", 37° 34' 05.30").... +# LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard. +# (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.) +# The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by +# Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow +# was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory +# coordinates: 59° 46' 18.70", 30° 19' 40.70") so 30° 19' 40.70" > +# 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 = +# 2:31:19 ... +# +# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): +# Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in +# Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895). +# Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in +# Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky. + +Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880 + 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time + 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 0:00u + 3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct + 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 3:00 - MSK + + +# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-06): +# Europe/Simferopol covers Crimea. + +Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 + 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T + 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 + 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 + 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 + 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 20 +# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2022-07-21): +# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reported that central Crimea switched +# from Kyiv to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. +# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened +# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say +# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it +# changed in May. This change evidently didn't last long; see below. + 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1994 May +# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also said that Kerch is still like Kyiv. + 3:00 C-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 0:00s + 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s +# IATA SSIM (1997-09) said Crimea switched to EET/EEST. +# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. + 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17): +# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014 +# https://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html +# From Tim Parenti (2022-07-01), per Paul Eggert (2014-03-30): +# The clocks at the railway station in Simferopol were put forward from 22:00 +# to 24:00 the previous day in a "symbolic ceremony"; however, per +# contemporaneous news reports, "ordinary Crimeans [made] the daylight savings +# time switch at 2am" on Sunday. +# https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/crimea-to-set-clocks-to-russia-time-114033000014_1.html +# https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-crimea-time/crimea-switches-to-moscow-time-amid-incorporation-frenzy-idUKBREA2S0LT20140329 +# https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-26806583 + 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00 + 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 3:00 - MSK + + +# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): +# Europe/Astrakhan covers: +# 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast +# +# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-12): +# On February 10, 2016 Astrakhan Oblast got approval by the Federation +# Council to change its time zone to UTC+4 (from current UTC+3 Moscow time).... +# This Federal Law shall enter into force on 27 March 2016 at 02:00. +# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09): +# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201602150056 + +Zone Europe/Astrakhan 3:12:12 - LMT 1924 May + 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 + 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s + 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s + 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s + 4:00 - +04 + +# From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11): +# Europe/Volgograd covers: +# 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast +# The 1988 transition is from USSR act No. 5 (1988-01-04). + +# From Alexander Fetisov (2018-09-20): +# Volgograd region in southern Russia (Europe/Volgograd) change +# timezone from UTC+3 to UTC+4 from 28oct2018. +# http://sozd.parliament.gov.ru/bill/452878-7 +# +# From Stepan Golosunov (2018-10-11): +# The law has been published today on +# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201810110037 + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2020-11-27): +# The State Duma approved (Nov 24, 2020) the transition of the Volgograd +# region to the Moscow time zone.... +# https://sozd.duma.gov.ru/bill/1012130-7 +# +# From Stepan Golosunov (2020-12-05): +# Currently proposed text for the second reading (expected on December 8) ... +# changes the date to December 27. https://v1.ru/text/gorod/2020/12/04/69601031/ +# +# From Stepan Golosunov (2020-12-22): +# The law was published today on +# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001202012220002 + +Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3 + 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 + 4:00 - +04 1961 Nov 11 + 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2:00s + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 3:00 - MSK 2018 Oct 28 2:00s + 4:00 - +04 2020 Dec 27 2:00s + 3:00 - MSK + +# From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11): +# Europe/Saratov covers: +# 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast + +# From Yuri Konotopov (2016-11-11): +# Dec 4, 2016 02:00 UTC+3.... Saratov Region's local time will be ... UTC+4. +# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-11): +# ... Byalokoz listed Saratov on 03:04:18. +# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-22): +# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201611220031 + +Zone Europe/Saratov 3:04:18 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u + 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 + 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2:00s + 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s + 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 3:00 - +03 2016 Dec 4 2:00s + 4:00 - +04 + +# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): +# Europe/Kirov covers: +# 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast +# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). +# +Zone Europe/Kirov 3:18:48 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u + 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 + 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 3:00 - MSK + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): +# Europe/Samara covers... +# 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic +# 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast + +# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): +# Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20. +# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). + +Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:20 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u + 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 + 4:00 - +04 1935 Jan 27 + 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s + 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 2:00 Russia +02/+03 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 3:00 - +03 1991 Oct 20 3:00 + 4:00 Russia +04/+05 2010 Mar 28 2:00s + 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 4:00 - +04 + +# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): +# Europe/Ulyanovsk covers: +# 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast + +# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17): +# Ulyanovsk ... on their way to change time zones by March 27, 2016 at 2am. +# Ulyanovsk Oblast ... from MSK to MSK+1 (UTC+3 to UTC+4) ... +# 920582-6 ... 02/17/2016 The State Duma passed the bill in the first reading. +# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09): +# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090051 + +Zone Europe/Ulyanovsk 3:13:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u + 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 + 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s + 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 2:00 Russia +02/+03 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s + 4:00 - +04 + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): +# Asia/Yekaterinburg covers... +# 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of +# 90 RU-PER Perm Krai +# 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast +# 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast +# 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast +# 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast +# 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast +# 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra +# 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug +# +# Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak +# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai. + +# Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9. +# Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05. +# Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard. +# The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks. + + #STDOFF 4:02:32.9 +Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1916 Jul 3 + 3:45:05 - PMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 + 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 + 5:00 Russia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 5:00 Russia +05/+06 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 6:00 - +06 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 5:00 - +05 + + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): +# Asia/Omsk covers... +# 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast + +# Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30. + +Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:30 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 + 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 + 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 5:00 Russia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 6:00 - +06 + +# From Paul Eggert (2016-02-22): +# Asia/Barnaul covers: +# 04 RU-AL Altai Republic +# 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai + +# Data before 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. + +# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): +# Letter of Bank of Russia from 1995-05-25 +# http://www.bestpravo.ru/rossijskoje/lj-akty/y3a.htm +# suggests that Altai Republic transitioned to Moscow+3 on +# 1995-05-28. +# +# https://regnum.ru/news/society/1957270.html +# has some historical data for Altai Krai: +# before 1957: west part on UT+6, east on UT+7 +# after 1957: UT+7 +# since 1995: UT+6 +# http://barnaul.rusplt.ru/index/pochemu_altajskij_kraj_okazalsja_v_neprivychnom_chasovom_pojase-17648.html +# confirms that and provides more details including 1995-05-28 transition date. + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17): +# Altai Krai and Altai Republic on their way to change time zones +# by March 27, 2016 at 2am.... +# Altai Republic / Gorno-Altaysk MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) ... +# Altai Krai / Barnaul MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) +# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09): +# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090043 +# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090038 + +Zone Asia/Barnaul 5:35:00 - LMT 1919 Dec 10 + 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 + 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1995 May 28 + 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 6:00 - +06 2016 Mar 27 2:00s + 7:00 - +07 + +# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): +# Asia/Novosibirsk covers: +# 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast + +# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-05-30): +# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(Spravka)?OpenAgent&RN=1085784-6 +# moves Novosibirsk oblast from UTC+6 to UTC+7. +# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-04): +# The law was signed yesterday and published today on +# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201607040064 + +Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 + 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 + 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P. + 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 6:00 - +06 2016 Jul 24 2:00s + 7:00 - +07 + +# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): +# Asia/Tomsk covers: +# 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast + +# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-24): +# Byalokoz listed Tomsk at 5:39:51. + +# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): +# Tomsk is still 4 hours ahead of Moscow. + +# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-19): +# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102075743 +# (fifth time belt being UTC+5+1(decree time) +# / UTC+5+1(decree time)+1(summer time)) ... +# Note that time belts (numbered from 2 (Moscow) to 12 according to their +# GMT/UTC offset and having too many exceptions like regions formally +# belonging to one belt but using time from another) were replaced +# with time zones in 2011 with different numbering (there was a +# 2-hour gap between second and third zones in 2011-2014). + +# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-04-12): +# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(SpravkaNew)?OpenAgent&RN=1006865-6 +# This bill was approved in the first reading today. It moves Tomsk oblast +# from UTC+6 to UTC+7 and is supposed to come into effect on 2016-05-29 at +# 2:00. The bill needs to be approved in the second and the third readings by +# the State Duma, approved by the Federation Council, signed by the President +# and published to become a law. Minor changes in the text are to be expected +# before the second reading (references need to be updated to account for the +# recent changes). +# +# Judging by the ultra-short one-day amendments period, recent similar laws, +# the State Duma schedule and the Federation Council schedule +# http://www.duma.gov.ru/legislative/planning/day-shedule/por_vesna_2016/ +# http://council.gov.ru/activity/meetings/schedule/63303 +# I speculate that the final text of the bill will be proposed tomorrow, the +# bill will be approved in the second and the third readings on Friday, +# approved by the Federation Council on 2016-04-20, signed by the President and +# published as a law around 2016-04-26. + +# From Matt Johnson (2016-04-26): +# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604260048 + +Zone Asia/Tomsk 5:39:51 - LMT 1919 Dec 22 + 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 + 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2002 May 1 3:00 + 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 6:00 - +06 2016 May 29 2:00s + 7:00 - +07 + + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): +# Asia/Novokuznetsk covers... +# 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13): +# Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on +# March 28, 2010: +# from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700 +# to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600 +# +# This is according to Government of Russia decree No. 740, on September +# 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth +# time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600) +# +# Russian Government web site (Russian language) +# http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm +# or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference +# map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010 +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html +# +# Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010 +# Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock. + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): +# The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus +# realigning itself with KRAT. + +Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - LMT 1924 May 1 + 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 + 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2010 Mar 28 2:00s + 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 7:00 - +07 + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): +# Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers... +# 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic +# 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of +# 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai +# +# Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr +# Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai. + +# Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26. + +Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:26 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 + 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 + 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 8:00 - +08 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 7:00 - +07 + + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): +# Asia/Irkutsk covers... +# 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of +# 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast +# +# Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was +# merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast. + +# Milne 1899 says Irkutsk was 6:57:15. +# Byalokoz 1919 says Irkutsk was 6:57:05. +# Go with Byalokoz. + +Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:05 - LMT 1880 + 6:57:05 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time + 7:00 - +07 1930 Jun 21 + 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 8:00 Russia +08/+09 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 9:00 - +09 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 8:00 - +08 + + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): +# Asia/Chita covers... +# 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai +# +# Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat +# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai. + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-02): +# [The] time zone in the Trans-Baikal Territory (Zabaykalsky Krai) - +# Asia/Chita [is changing] from UTC+8 to UTC+9. Effective date will +# be March 27, 2016 at 2:00am.... +# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201512300107 + +Zone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 + 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21 + 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 8:00 - +08 2016 Mar 27 2:00 + 9:00 - +09 + + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): +# Asia/Yakutsk covers... +# 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast +# +# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: +# 14-02 **** Aldansky District +# 14-04 **** Amginsky District +# 14-05 **** Anabarsky District +# 14-06 **** Bulunsky District +# 14-07 **** Verkhnevilyuysky District +# 14-10 **** Vilyuysky District +# 14-11 **** Gorny District +# 14-12 **** Zhigansky District +# 14-13 **** Kobyaysky District +# 14-14 **** Lensky District +# 14-15 **** Megino-Kangalassky District +# 14-16 **** Mirninsky District +# 14-18 **** Namsky District +# 14-19 **** Neryungrinsky District +# 14-21 **** Nyurbinsky District +# 14-23 **** Olenyoksky District +# 14-24 **** Olyokminsky District +# 14-26 **** Suntarsky District +# 14-27 **** Tattinsky District +# 14-29 **** Ust-Aldansky District +# 14-32 **** Khangalassky District +# 14-33 **** Churapchinsky District +# 14-34 **** Eveno-Bytantaysky National District + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): +# Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District. +# Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too. +# Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk. + +# Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58. + +Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:58 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 + 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21 + 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 9:00 - +09 + + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): +# Asia/Vladivostok covers... +# 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai +# 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai +# 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast +# +# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: +# 14-09 **** Verkhoyansky District +# 14-31 **** Ust-Yansky District + +# Milne 1899 says Vladivostok was 8:47:33.5. +# Byalokoz 1919 says Vladivostok was 8:47:31. +# Go with Byalokoz. + +Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:31 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 + 9:00 - +09 1930 Jun 21 + 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 10:00 - +10 + + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): +# Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: +# 14-28 **** Tomponsky District +# 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District + +# From Arthur David Olson (2022-03-21): +# Tomponsky and Ust-Maysky switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time +# in 2011. + +# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25): +# Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time. +# Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004. +# This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info. + +Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 + 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21 + 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2004 + 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 11:00 - +11 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? + 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 9:00 - +09 + + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): +# Asia/Sakhalin covers... +# 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast +# ...with the exception of: +# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands) + +# From Matt Johnson (2016-02-22): +# Asia/Sakhalin is moving (in entirety) from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ... +# (2016-03-09): +# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090044 + +# The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long. +Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 + 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 25 + 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T + 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s + 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 10:00 - +10 2016 Mar 27 2:00s + 11:00 - +11 + + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): +# Asia/Magadan covers... +# 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): +# Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however, +# several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of +# the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented +# until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11. These regions will +# need their own zone. + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-03-27): +# ... draft bill 948300-6 to change its time zone from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ... +# will take ... effect ... on April 24, 2016 at 2 o'clock +# +# From Matt Johnson (2016-04-05): +# ... signed by the President today ... +# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604050038 + +Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 10:00 - +10 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time + 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 12:00 - +12 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 10:00 - +10 2016 Apr 24 2:00s + 11:00 - +11 + + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): +# Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: +# 14-01 **** Abyysky District +# 14-03 **** Allaikhovsky District +# 14-08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District +# 14-17 **** Momsky District +# 14-20 **** Nizhnekolymsky District +# 14-25 **** Srednekolymsky District +# +# ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast: +# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands) + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02): +# Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with +# most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on +# 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District +# of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by +# Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11. + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): +# Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27. +# There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone +# Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary. +# +# Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these +# districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently +# lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females +# each! (Yikes!) +# https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276 +# https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493 +# Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one. +# +# Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have +# fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the +# 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most +# recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170. (See pages 195 and 197 of +# http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf +# in Russian.) In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older +# settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining. +# Go with Srednekolymsk. + +Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 10:00 - +10 1930 Jun 21 + 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 12:00 - +12 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 11:00 - +11 + + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): +# Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: +# 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District + +# From Arthur David Olson (2022-03-21): +# Oymyakonsky and the Kuril Islands switched from +# Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011. +# +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): +# It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch, +# as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of +# Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on +# UTC+12 since at least then, too. + +Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 + 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21 + 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1981 Apr 1 + 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 12:00 - +12 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? + 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 10:00 - +10 + + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): +# Asia/Kamchatka covers... +# 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai +# +# Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak +# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai. + +# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps +# Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long. +Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 + 11:00 - +11 1930 Jun 21 + 12:00 Russia +12/+13 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 12:00 Russia +12/+13 2010 Mar 28 2:00s + 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 12:00 - +12 + + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): +# Asia/Anadyr covers... +# 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug + +Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 12:00 - +12 1930 Jun 21 + 13:00 Russia +13/+14 1982 Apr 1 0:00s + 12:00 Russia +12/+13 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 12:00 Russia +12/+13 2010 Mar 28 2:00s + 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 12:00 - +12 + +# Bosnia & Herzegovina +# Croatia +# Kosovo +# Montenegro +# North Macedonia +# Serbia +# Slovenia +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 + 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 + 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s + 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s +# Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of +# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. +# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Koželj. + 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 + 1:00 EU CE%sT + +# Spain +# +# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-14): +# +# The source for Europe/Madrid before 2013 is: +# Planesas P. La hora oficial en España y sus cambios. +# Anuario del Observatorio Astronómico de Madrid (2013, in Spanish). +# http://astronomia.ign.es/rknowsys-theme/images/webAstro/paginas/documentos/Anuario/lahoraoficialenespana.pdf +# As this source says that historical time in the Canaries is obscure, +# and it does not discuss Ceuta, stick with Shanks for now for that data. +# +# In the 1918 and 1919 fallback transitions in Spain, the clock for +# the hour-longer day officially kept going after midnight, so that +# the repeated instances of that day's 00:00 hour were 24 hours apart, +# with a fallback transition from the second occurrence of 00:59... to +# the next day's 00:00. Our data format cannot represent this +# directly, and instead repeats the first hour of the next day, with a +# fallback transition from the next day's 00:59... to 00:00. + +# From Michael Deckers (2016-12-15): +# The Royal Decree of 1900-07-26 quoted by Planesas, online at +# https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1900/209/A00383-00384.pdf +# says in its article 5 (my translation): +# These dispositions will enter into force beginning with the +# instant at which, according to the time indicated in article 1, +# the 1st day of January of 1901 will begin. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Spain 1918 1919 - Oct 6 24:00s 0 - +Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 6 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 24:00s 0 - +Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 24:00s 0 - +Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S +# Republican Spain during the civil war; it controlled Madrid until 1939-03-28. +Rule Spain 1937 only - Jun 16 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Spain 1937 only - Oct 2 24:00s 0 - +Rule Spain 1938 only - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Spain 1938 only - Apr 30 23:00 2:00 M +Rule Spain 1938 only - Oct 2 24:00 1:00 S +# The following rules are for unified Spain again. +# +# Planesas does not say what happened in Madrid between its fall on +# 1939-03-28 and the Nationalist spring-forward transition on +# 1939-04-15. For lack of better info, assume Madrid's clocks did not +# change during that period. +# +# The first rule is commented out, as it is redundant for Republican Spain. +#Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Spain 1939 only - Oct 7 24:00s 0 - +Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 1:00 0 - +Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Spain 1943 1944 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - +Rule Spain 1945 1946 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - +Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Spain 1949 only - Oct 2 1:00 0 - +Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=12 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - +Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - +Rule Spain 1977 only - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Spain 1978 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - +# Nationalist Spain during the civil war +#Rule NatSpain 1937 only - May 22 23:00 1:00 S +#Rule NatSpain 1937 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 24:00s 0 - +#Rule NatSpain 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00 1:00 S +# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978, +# except with "S" letters. +Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S +Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S +Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - +Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - +Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - +Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00u + 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1940 Mar 16 23:00 + 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 + 1:00 EU CE%sT +Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00u + 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 + 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 + 0:00 - WET 1924 + 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 + 0:00 - WET 1967 # Help zishrink.awk. + 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 + 1:00 - CET 1986 + 1:00 EU CE%sT +Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. + -1:00 - -01 1946 Sep 30 1:00 + 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s + 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 1:00u + 0:00 EU WE%sT +# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. +# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. + + +# Germany (Busingen enclave) +# Liechtenstein +# Switzerland +# +# From Howse: +# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace +# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep +# mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 .... +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +# From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"): +# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S +# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - +# From Shanks & Pottenger: +# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S +# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - + +# From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17): +# I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies. +# +# As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values +# to be wrong. This is now verified. +# +# I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal +# government, in 'Eidgenössische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss +# federal law collection)... +# +# DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am +# DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am. +# +# DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am +# DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am +# +# There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully. +# It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law +# collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any +# other years are made. +# +# Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported +# about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous +# night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such +# a thing had happened in Switzerland. +# +# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traité de +# l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is +# false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled +# by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time. +# +# The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to: +# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S +# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - +# +# The 1940 rules must be deleted. +# +# One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for +# most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ... +# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of +# the Canton de Genève (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not +# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time. +# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed. +# +# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11): +# The Federal regulations say +# https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html +# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7° 26' 22.50". +# Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s. + +# From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11): +# the "Circulaire du conseil fédéral" (December 11 1893) +# http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353 +# clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight +# but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one +# hour before the beginning of service. + +# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11): +# Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46. +# +# We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland +# except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book: +# +# Jakob Messerli. Gleichmässig, pünktlich, schnell. Zeiteinteilung und +# Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995, +# ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797. +# +# suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not +# agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the +# most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the +# "Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on +# 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16 +# (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in +# practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph +# offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso" +# (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on +# 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and +# legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date. + +# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12): +# Büsingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton +# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE +# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did. +# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1, +# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin. +# +# Source for the time in Büsingen 1980: +# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3 +# +# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03): +# Büsingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S +Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment. + 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time + 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 + 1:00 EU CE%sT + +# Turkey + +# From Alois Treindl (2019-08-12): +# http://www.astrolojidergisi.com/yazsaati.htm has researched the time zone +# history of Turkey, based on newspaper archives and official documents. +# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-28): +# That source (Oya Vulaş, "Türkiye'de Yaz Saati Uygulamaları") +# is used for 1940/1972, where it seems more reliable than our other +# sources. + +# From Kıvanç Yazan (2019-08-12): +# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/14539.pdf#page=24 +# 1973-06-03 01:00 -> 02:00, 1973-11-04 02:00 -> 01:00 +# +# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/14829.pdf#page=1 +# 1974-03-31 02:00 -> 03:00, 1974-11-03 02:00 -> 01:00 +# +# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/15161.pdf#page=1 +# 1975-03-22 02:00 -> 03:00, 1975-11-02 02:00 -> 01:00 +# +# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/15535_1.pdf#page=1 +# 1976-03-21 02:00 -> 03:00, 1976-10-31 02:00 -> 01:00 +# +# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/15778.pdf#page=5 +# 1977-04-03 02:00 -> 03:00, 1977-10-16 02:00 -> 01:00, +# 1978-04-02 02:00 -> 03:00 (not applied, see below) +# 1978-10-15 02:00 -> 01:00 (not applied, see below) +# 1979-04-01 02:00 -> 03:00 (not applied, see below) +# 1979-10-14 02:00 -> 01:00 (not applied, see below) +# +# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/16245.pdf#page=17 +# This cancels the previous decision, and repeats it only for 1978. +# 1978-04-02 02:00 -> 03:00, 1978-10-15 02:00 -> 01:00 +# (not applied due to standard TZ change below) +# +# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/16331.pdf#page=3 +# This decision changes the default longitude for Turkish time zone from 30 +# degrees East to 45 degrees East. This means a standard TZ change, from +2 +# to +3. This is published & applied on 1978-06-29. At that time, Turkey was +# already on summer time (already on 45E). Hence, this new law just meant an +# "continuous summer time". Note that this was reversed in a few years. +# +# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/18119_1.pdf#page=1 +# 1983-07-31 02:00 -> 03:00 (note that this jumps TZ to +4) +# 1983-10-02 02:00 -> 01:00 (back to +3) +# +# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/18561.pdf (page 1 and 34) +# At this time, Turkey is still on +3 with no spring-forward on early +# 1984. This decision is published on 10/31/1984. Page 1 declares +# the decision of reverting the "default longitude change". So the +# standard time should go back to +3 (30E). And page 34 explains when +# that will happen: 1984-11-01 02:00 -> 01:00. You can think of this +# as "end of continuous summer time, change of standard time zone". +# +# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/18713.pdf#page=1 +# 1985-04-20 01:00 -> 02:00, 1985-09-28 02:00 -> 01:00 + +# From Kıvanç Yazan (2016-09-25): +# 1) For 1986-2006, DST started at 01:00 local and ended at 02:00 local, with +# no exceptions. +# 2) 1994's lastSun was overridden with Mar 20 ... +# Here are official papers: +# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19032.pdf#page=2 for 1986 +# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19400.pdf#page=4 for 1987 +# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19752.pdf#page=15 for 1988 +# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20102.pdf#page=6 for 1989 +# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20464.pdf#page=1 for 1990 - 1992 +# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21531.pdf#page=15 for 1993 - 1995 +# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21879.pdf#page=1 for overriding 1994 +# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/22588.pdf#page=1 for 1996, 1997 +# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/23286.pdf#page=10 for 1998 - 2000 +# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2001/03/20010324.htm#2 - for 2001 +# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2002/03/20020316.htm#2 - for 2002-2006 +# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-25): +# Prefer the above sources to Shanks & Pottenger for timestamps after 1985. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09): +# Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC +# start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07): +# http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp +# The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...: +# http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm +# I was able to locate the following seemingly official document +# (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006: +# http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm + +# From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10): +# According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer +# time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27. +# This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th. +# https://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872 +# Turkish: +# https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-bir-gun-ileri-alindi-17230464 + +# From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14): +# The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the +# Turkish Local election.... +# http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik +# ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m. +# From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15): +# Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31, +# I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST +# change delay. Maybe the word just didn't get out in time. +# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15): +# The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule +# change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not. See: +# Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency +# http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30. +# I guess the best we can do is document the official time. + +# From Fatih (2015-09-29): +# It's officially announced now by the Ministry of Energy. +# Turkey delays winter time to 8th of November 04:00 +# http://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-8-kasimda-sona-erecek/362217 +# +# From BBC News (2015-10-25): +# Confused Turks are asking "what's the time?" after automatic clocks defied a +# government decision ... "For the next two weeks #Turkey is on EEST... Erdogan +# Engineered Standard Time," said Twitter user @aysekarahasan. +# http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34631326 + +# From Burak AYDIN (2016-09-08): +# Turkey will stay in Daylight Saving Time even in winter.... +# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2016/09/20160908-2.pdf +# +# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-07): +# The change is permanent, so this is the new standard time in Turkey. +# It takes effect today, which is not much notice. + +# From Kıvanç Yazan (2017-10-28): +# Turkey will go back to Daylight Saving Time starting 2018-10. +# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2017/10/20171028-5.pdf +# +# From Even Scharning (2017-11-08): +# ... today it was announced that the DST will become "continuous": +# http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/son-dakika-yaz-saati-uygulamasi-surekli-hale-geldi-40637482 +# From Paul Eggert (2017-11-08): +# Although Google Translate misfires on that source, it looks like +# Turkey reversed last month's decision, and so will stay at +03. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - +# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; +# go with Shanks & Pottenger. +Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Turkey 1947 1951 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S +# DST for 15 months; unusual but we'll let it pass. +Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Turkey 1963 only - Oct 30 0:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S +Rule Turkey 1973 1976 - Oct Sun>=31 2:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 22 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Turkey 1976 only - Mar 21 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1978 only - Jun 29 0:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 1:00s 1:00 S +Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 1:00s 0 - +Rule Turkey 1986 1993 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S +Rule Turkey 1986 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - +Rule Turkey 1994 only - Mar 20 1:00s 1:00 S +Rule Turkey 1995 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S +Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 + 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? + 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Jun 29 + 3:00 Turkey +03/+04 1984 Nov 1 2:00 + 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007 + 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u + 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u + 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u + 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u + 2:00 EU EE%sT 2015 Oct 25 1:00u + 2:00 1:00 EEST 2015 Nov 8 1:00u + 2:00 EU EE%sT 2016 Sep 7 + 3:00 - +03 + +# Ukraine +# +# From Alois Treindl (2014-03-01): +# REGULATION A N O V A on March 20, 1992 N 139 ... means that from +# 1992 on, Ukraine had DST with begin time at 02:00 am, on last Sunday +# in March, and end time 03:00 am, last Sunday in September.... +# CABINET OF MINISTERS OF UKRAINE RESOLUTION on May 13, 1996 N 509 +# "On the order of computation time on the territory of Ukraine" .... +# As this cabinet decision is from May 1996, it seems likely that the +# transition in March 1996, which predates it, was still at 2:00 am +# and not at 3:00 as would have been under EU rules. +# This is why I have set the change to EU rules into May 1996, +# so that the change in March is stil covered by the Ukraine rule. +# The next change in October 1996 happened under EU rules. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2022-08-27): +# For now, assume that Ukraine's zones all followed the same rules, +# except that Crimea switched to Moscow time in 1994 as described elsewhere. + +# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice, +# via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27): +# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government +# regulations No. 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says: +# "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday +# of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of +# October the time at 4am is changing to 3am" + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20): +# On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to +# abolish the transfer clock to winter time. +# +# Bill No. 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got +# approval from 266 deputies. +# +# Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian) +# http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/ +# +# The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian) +# http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html +# +# Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian) +# https://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/ +# +# From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18): +# Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the +# Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter +# time this year after all. +# +# From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18): +# As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone +# (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar +# to Russia) was reverted today: +# http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995 +# +# Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted: +# The law documents themselves are at +# http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484 + +# From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kyiv time 1991/2 (2014-02-28): +# First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+3 to UTC+2 with DST: +# 03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1 Time Zone 3 with DST +# 07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST +# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 18.06.1990, No. 134. +# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T001500.html +# +# They did not end DST in September, 1990 (according to the law, +# "summer time" was still in action): +# 09 30 1990 03:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST +# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 21.09.1990, No. 272. +# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP900272.html +# +# Again no change in March, 1991 ("summer time" in action): +# 03 31 1991 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST +# +# DST ended in September 1991 ("summer time" ended): +# 09 29 1991 03:00 -02.00 0 Time Zone 2, no DST +# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 25.09.1991, No. 225. +# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_21/pg_iwgdoc.htm +# This is an answer. +# +# Since 1992 they had normal DST procedure: +# 03 29 1992 02:00 -02.00 1 DST started +# 09 27 1992 03:00 -02.00 0 DST ended +# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139. +# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Kyiv 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 + 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kyiv Mean Time + 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 + 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00 + 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00 + 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1996 May 13 + 2:00 EU EE%sT + +############################################################################### + +# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from +# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. +# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. +# +# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but +# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. +# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at +# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey +# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time +# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) + +# ... +# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 +# From: Tom Hofmann +# ... +# +# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when +# most European countries started DST. Before that year, only +# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according +# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on +# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following +# years... +# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions +# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST +# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep +# lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now. +# +# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the +# Soviet Union (as far as I know). +# +# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, +# 4002 Basle, Switzerland +# ... + +# ... +# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 +# From: Dik T. Winter +# ... +# +# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. +# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information +# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. +# +# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on +# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... +# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that +# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 +# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in +# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch +# dates... +# +# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. +# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... +# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not +# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations +# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always +# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the +# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours +# in advance of normal time. +# +# ... +# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland +# ... + +# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): +# ... +# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). +# Since 1978. Change at midnight. +# ... +# Monaco: has same DST as France. +# ... @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# tzdb data for noncommittal factory settings + +# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of +# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. + +# For distributors who don't want to specify a timezone in their +# installation procedures. Users who run 'date' will get the +# time zone abbreviation "-00", indicating that the actual time zone +# is unknown. + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT +Zone Factory 0 - -00 diff --git a/iso3166.tab b/iso3166.tab new file mode 100644 index 0000000..402c015 --- /dev/null +++ b/iso3166.tab @@ -0,0 +1,279 @@ +# ISO 3166 alpha-2 country codes +# +# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of +# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2023-09-06): +# This file contains a table of two-letter country codes. Columns are +# separated by a single tab. Lines beginning with '#' are comments. +# All text uses UTF-8 encoding. The columns of the table are as follows: +# +# 1. ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code, current as of +# ISO/TC 46 N1108 (2023-04-05). See: ISO/TC 46 Documents +# https://www.iso.org/committee/48750.html?view=documents +# 2. The usual English name for the coded region. This sometimes +# departs from ISO-listed names, sometimes so that sorted subsets +# of names are useful (e.g., "Samoa (American)" and "Samoa +# (western)" rather than "American Samoa" and "Samoa"), +# sometimes to avoid confusion among non-experts (e.g., +# "Czech Republic" and "Turkey" rather than "Czechia" and "Türkiye"), +# and sometimes to omit needless detail or churn (e.g., "Netherlands" +# rather than "Netherlands (the)" or "Netherlands (Kingdom of the)"). +# +# The table is sorted by country code. +# +# This table is intended as an aid for users, to help them select time +# zone data appropriate for their practical needs. It is not intended +# to take or endorse any position on legal or territorial claims. +# +#country- +#code name of country, territory, area, or subdivision +AD Andorra +AE United Arab Emirates +AF Afghanistan +AG Antigua & Barbuda +AI Anguilla +AL Albania +AM Armenia +AO Angola +AQ Antarctica +AR Argentina +AS Samoa (American) +AT Austria +AU Australia +AW Aruba +AX Åland Islands +AZ Azerbaijan +BA Bosnia & Herzegovina +BB Barbados +BD Bangladesh +BE Belgium +BF Burkina Faso +BG Bulgaria +BH Bahrain +BI Burundi +BJ Benin +BL St Barthelemy +BM Bermuda +BN Brunei +BO Bolivia +BQ Caribbean NL +BR Brazil +BS Bahamas +BT Bhutan +BV Bouvet Island +BW Botswana +BY Belarus +BZ Belize +CA Canada +CC Cocos (Keeling) Islands +CD Congo (Dem. Rep.) +CF Central African Rep. +CG Congo (Rep.) +CH Switzerland +CI Côte d'Ivoire +CK Cook Islands +CL Chile +CM Cameroon +CN China +CO Colombia +CR Costa Rica +CU Cuba +CV Cape Verde +CW Curaçao +CX Christmas Island +CY Cyprus +CZ Czech Republic +DE Germany +DJ Djibouti +DK Denmark +DM Dominica +DO Dominican Republic +DZ Algeria +EC Ecuador +EE Estonia +EG Egypt +EH Western Sahara +ER Eritrea +ES Spain +ET Ethiopia +FI Finland +FJ Fiji +FK Falkland Islands +FM Micronesia +FO Faroe Islands +FR France +GA Gabon +GB Britain (UK) +GD Grenada +GE Georgia +GF French Guiana +GG Guernsey +GH Ghana +GI Gibraltar +GL Greenland +GM Gambia +GN Guinea +GP Guadeloupe +GQ Equatorial Guinea +GR Greece +GS South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands +GT Guatemala +GU Guam +GW Guinea-Bissau +GY Guyana +HK Hong Kong +HM Heard Island & McDonald Islands +HN Honduras +HR Croatia +HT Haiti +HU Hungary +ID Indonesia +IE Ireland +IL Israel +IM Isle of Man +IN India +IO British Indian Ocean Territory +IQ Iraq +IR Iran +IS Iceland +IT Italy +JE Jersey +JM Jamaica +JO Jordan +JP Japan +KE Kenya +KG Kyrgyzstan +KH Cambodia +KI Kiribati +KM Comoros +KN St Kitts & Nevis +KP Korea (North) +KR Korea (South) +KW Kuwait +KY Cayman Islands +KZ Kazakhstan +LA Laos +LB Lebanon +LC St Lucia +LI Liechtenstein +LK Sri Lanka +LR Liberia +LS Lesotho +LT Lithuania +LU Luxembourg +LV Latvia +LY Libya +MA Morocco +MC Monaco +MD Moldova +ME Montenegro +MF St Martin (French) +MG Madagascar +MH Marshall Islands +MK North Macedonia +ML Mali +MM Myanmar (Burma) +MN Mongolia +MO Macau +MP Northern Mariana Islands +MQ Martinique +MR Mauritania +MS Montserrat +MT Malta +MU Mauritius +MV Maldives +MW Malawi +MX Mexico +MY Malaysia +MZ Mozambique +NA Namibia +NC New Caledonia +NE Niger +NF Norfolk Island +NG Nigeria +NI Nicaragua +NL Netherlands +NO Norway +NP Nepal +NR Nauru +NU Niue +NZ New Zealand +OM Oman +PA Panama +PE Peru +PF French Polynesia +PG Papua New Guinea +PH Philippines +PK Pakistan +PL Poland +PM St Pierre & Miquelon +PN Pitcairn +PR Puerto Rico +PS Palestine +PT Portugal +PW Palau +PY Paraguay +QA Qatar +RE Réunion +RO Romania +RS Serbia +RU Russia +RW Rwanda +SA Saudi Arabia +SB Solomon Islands +SC Seychelles +SD Sudan +SE Sweden +SG Singapore +SH St Helena +SI Slovenia +SJ Svalbard & Jan Mayen +SK Slovakia +SL Sierra Leone +SM San Marino +SN Senegal +SO Somalia +SR Suriname +SS South Sudan +ST Sao Tome & Principe +SV El Salvador +SX St Maarten (Dutch) +SY Syria +SZ Eswatini (Swaziland) +TC Turks & Caicos Is +TD Chad +TF French S. Terr. +TG Togo +TH Thailand +TJ Tajikistan +TK Tokelau +TL East Timor +TM Turkmenistan +TN Tunisia +TO Tonga +TR Turkey +TT Trinidad & Tobago +TV Tuvalu +TW Taiwan +TZ Tanzania +UA Ukraine +UG Uganda +UM US minor outlying islands +US United States +UY Uruguay +UZ Uzbekistan +VA Vatican City +VC St Vincent +VE Venezuela +VG Virgin Islands (UK) +VI Virgin Islands (US) +VN Vietnam +VU Vanuatu +WF Wallis & Futuna +WS Samoa (western) +YE Yemen +YT Mayotte +ZA South Africa +ZM Zambia +ZW Zimbabwe diff --git a/leap-seconds.list b/leap-seconds.list new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e52effc --- /dev/null +++ b/leap-seconds.list @@ -0,0 +1,120 @@ +# ATOMIC TIME. +# The Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is the reference time scale derived +# from The "Temps Atomique International" (TAI) calculated by the Bureau +# International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) using a worldwide network of atomic +# clocks. UTC differs from TAI by an integer number of seconds; it is the basis +# of all activities in the world. +# +# +# ASTRONOMICAL TIME (UT1) is the time scale based on the rate of rotation of the earth. +# It is now mainly derived from Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). The various +# irregular fluctuations progressively detected in the rotation rate of the Earth lead +# in 1972 to the replacement of UT1 by UTC as the reference time scale. +# +# +# LEAP SECOND +# Atomic clocks are more stable than the rate of the earth rotation since the latter +# undergoes a full range of geophysical perturbations at various time scales: lunisolar +# and core-mantle torques, atmospheric and oceanic effetcs, etc. +# Leap seconds are needed to keep the two time scales in agreement, i.e. UT1-UTC smaller +# than 0.9 second. Therefore, when necessary a "leap second" is applied to UTC. +# Since the adoption of this system in 1972 it has been necessary to add a number of seconds to UTC, +# firstly due to the initial choice of the value of the second (1/86400 mean solar day of +# the year 1820) and secondly to the general slowing down of the Earth's rotation. It is +# theorically possible to have a negative leap second (a second removed from UTC), but so far, +# all leap seconds have been positive (a second has been added to UTC). Based on what we know about +# the earth's rotation, it is unlikely that we will ever have a negative leap second. +# +# +# HISTORY +# The first leap second was added on June 30, 1972. Until yhe year 2000, it was necessary in average to add a +# leap second at a rate of 1 to 2 years. Since the year 2000 leap seconds are introduced with an +# average interval of 3 to 4 years due to the acceleration of the Earth rotation speed. +# +# +# RESPONSABILITY OF THE DECISION TO INTRODUCE A LEAP SECOND IN UTC +# The decision to introduce a leap second in UTC is the responsibility of the Earth Orientation Center of +# the International Earth Rotation and reference System Service (IERS). This center is located at Paris +# Observatory. According to international agreements, leap seconds should only be scheduled for certain dates: +# first preference is given to the end of December and June, and second preference at the end of March +# and September. Since the introduction of leap seconds in 1972, only dates in June and December were used. +# +# Questions or comments to: +# Christian Bizouard: christian.bizouard@obspm.fr +# Earth orientation Center of the IERS +# Paris Observatory, France +# +# +# +# COPYRIGHT STATUS OF THIS FILE +# This file is in the public domain. +# +# +# VALIDITY OF THE FILE +# It is important to express the validity of the file. These next two dates are +# given in units of seconds since 1900.0. +# +# 1) Last update of the file. +# +# Updated through IERS Bulletin C (https://hpiers.obspm.fr/iers/bul/bulc/bulletinc.dat) +# +# The following line shows the last update of this file in NTP timestamp: +# +#$ 3913697179 +# +# 2) Expiration date of the file given on a semi-annual basis: last June or last December +# +# File expires on 28 December 2024 +# +# Expire date in NTP timestamp: +# +#@ 3944332800 +# +# +# LIST OF LEAP SECONDS +# NTP timestamp (X parameter) is the number of seconds since 1900.0 +# +# MJD: The Modified Julian Day number. MJD = X/86400 + 15020 +# +# DTAI: The difference DTAI= TAI-UTC in units of seconds +# It is the quantity to add to UTC to get the time in TAI +# +# Day Month Year : epoch in clear +# +#NTP Time DTAI Day Month Year +# +2272060800 10 # 1 Jan 1972 +2287785600 11 # 1 Jul 1972 +2303683200 12 # 1 Jan 1973 +2335219200 13 # 1 Jan 1974 +2366755200 14 # 1 Jan 1975 +2398291200 15 # 1 Jan 1976 +2429913600 16 # 1 Jan 1977 +2461449600 17 # 1 Jan 1978 +2492985600 18 # 1 Jan 1979 +2524521600 19 # 1 Jan 1980 +2571782400 20 # 1 Jul 1981 +2603318400 21 # 1 Jul 1982 +2634854400 22 # 1 Jul 1983 +2698012800 23 # 1 Jul 1985 +2776982400 24 # 1 Jan 1988 +2840140800 25 # 1 Jan 1990 +2871676800 26 # 1 Jan 1991 +2918937600 27 # 1 Jul 1992 +2950473600 28 # 1 Jul 1993 +2982009600 29 # 1 Jul 1994 +3029443200 30 # 1 Jan 1996 +3076704000 31 # 1 Jul 1997 +3124137600 32 # 1 Jan 1999 +3345062400 33 # 1 Jan 2006 +3439756800 34 # 1 Jan 2009 +3550089600 35 # 1 Jul 2012 +3644697600 36 # 1 Jul 2015 +3692217600 37 # 1 Jan 2017 +# +# A hash code has been generated to be able to verify the integrity +# of this file. For more information about using this hash code, +# please see the readme file in the 'source' directory : +# https://hpiers.obspm.fr/iers/bul/bulc/ntp/sources/README +# +#h 9dac5845 8acd32c0 2947d462 daf4a943 f58d9391 diff --git a/leapseconds b/leapseconds new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ce150bf --- /dev/null +++ b/leapseconds @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +# Allowance for leap seconds added to each time zone file. + +# This file is in the public domain. + +# This file is generated automatically from the data in the public-domain +# NIST/IERS format leap-seconds.list file, which can be copied from +# <https://hpiers.obspm.fr/iers/bul/bulc/ntp/leap-seconds.list> +# or, in a variant with different comments, from +# <ftp://ftp.boulder.nist.gov/pub/time/leap-seconds.list>. +# For more about leap-seconds.list, please see +# The NTP Timescale and Leap Seconds +# <https://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/leap.html>. + +# The rules for leap seconds are specified in Annex 1 (Time scales) of: +# Standard-frequency and time-signal emissions. +# International Telecommunication Union - Radiocommunication Sector +# (ITU-R) Recommendation TF.460-6 (02/2002) +# <https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-TF.460-6-200202-I/>. +# The International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) +# periodically uses leap seconds to keep UTC to within 0.9 s of UT1 +# (a proxy for Earth's angle in space as measured by astronomers) +# and publishes leap second data in a copyrighted file +# <https://hpiers.obspm.fr/iers/bul/bulc/Leap_Second.dat>. +# See: Levine J. Coordinated Universal Time and the leap second. +# URSI Radio Sci Bull. 2016;89(4):30-6. doi:10.23919/URSIRSB.2016.7909995 +# <https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7909995>. + +# There were no leap seconds before 1972, as no official mechanism +# accounted for the discrepancy between atomic time (TAI) and the earth's +# rotation. The first ("1 Jan 1972") data line in leap-seconds.list +# does not denote a leap second; it denotes the start of the current definition +# of UTC. + +# All leap-seconds are Stationary (S) at the given UTC time. +# The correction (+ or -) is made at the given time, so in the unlikely +# event of a negative leap second, a line would look like this: +# Leap YEAR MON DAY 23:59:59 - S +# Typical lines look like this: +# Leap YEAR MON DAY 23:59:60 + S +Leap 1972 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S +Leap 1972 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S +Leap 1973 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S +Leap 1974 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S +Leap 1975 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S +Leap 1976 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S +Leap 1977 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S +Leap 1978 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S +Leap 1979 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S +Leap 1981 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S +Leap 1982 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S +Leap 1983 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S +Leap 1985 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S +Leap 1987 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S +Leap 1989 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S +Leap 1990 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S +Leap 1992 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S +Leap 1993 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S +Leap 1994 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S +Leap 1995 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S +Leap 1997 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S +Leap 1998 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S +Leap 2005 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S +Leap 2008 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S +Leap 2012 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S +Leap 2015 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S +Leap 2016 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S + +# UTC timestamp when this leap second list expires. +# Any additional leap seconds will come after this. +# This Expires line is commented out for now, +# so that pre-2020a zic implementations do not reject this file. +#Expires 2024 Dec 28 00:00:00 + +# POSIX timestamps for the data in this file: +#updated 1704708379 (2024-01-08 10:06:19 UTC) +#expires 1735344000 (2024-12-28 00:00:00 UTC) + +# Updated through IERS Bulletin C (https://hpiers.obspm.fr/iers/bul/bulc/bulletinc.dat) +# File expires on 28 December 2024 diff --git a/leapseconds.awk b/leapseconds.awk new file mode 100644 index 0000000..15e8501 --- /dev/null +++ b/leapseconds.awk @@ -0,0 +1,249 @@ +# Generate zic format 'leapseconds' from NIST/IERS format 'leap-seconds.list'. + +# This file is in the public domain. + +# This program uses awk arithmetic. POSIX requires awk to support +# exact integer arithmetic only through 10**10, which means for NTP +# timestamps this program works only to the year 2216, which is the +# year 1900 plus 10**10 seconds. However, in practice +# POSIX-conforming awk implementations invariably use IEEE-754 double +# and so support exact integers through 2**53. By the year 2216, +# POSIX will almost surely require at least 2**53 for awk, so for NTP +# timestamps this program should be good until the year 285,428,681 +# (the year 1900 plus 2**53 seconds). By then leap seconds will be +# long obsolete, as the Earth will likely slow down so much that +# there will be more than 25 hours per day and so some other scheme +# will be needed. + +BEGIN { + print "# Allowance for leap seconds added to each time zone file." + print "" + print "# This file is in the public domain." + print "" + print "# This file is generated automatically from the data in the public-domain" + print "# NIST/IERS format leap-seconds.list file, which can be copied from" + print "# <https://hpiers.obspm.fr/iers/bul/bulc/ntp/leap-seconds.list>" + print "# or, in a variant with different comments, from" + print "# <ftp://ftp.boulder.nist.gov/pub/time/leap-seconds.list>." + print "# For more about leap-seconds.list, please see" + print "# The NTP Timescale and Leap Seconds" + print "# <https://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/leap.html>." + print "" + print "# The rules for leap seconds are specified in Annex 1 (Time scales) of:" + print "# Standard-frequency and time-signal emissions." + print "# International Telecommunication Union - Radiocommunication Sector" + print "# (ITU-R) Recommendation TF.460-6 (02/2002)" + print "# <https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-TF.460-6-200202-I/>." + print "# The International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS)" + print "# periodically uses leap seconds to keep UTC to within 0.9 s of UT1" + print "# (a proxy for Earth's angle in space as measured by astronomers)" + print "# and publishes leap second data in a copyrighted file" + print "# <https://hpiers.obspm.fr/iers/bul/bulc/Leap_Second.dat>." + print "# See: Levine J. Coordinated Universal Time and the leap second." + print "# URSI Radio Sci Bull. 2016;89(4):30-6. doi:10.23919/URSIRSB.2016.7909995" + print "# <https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7909995>." + print "" + print "# There were no leap seconds before 1972, as no official mechanism" + print "# accounted for the discrepancy between atomic time (TAI) and the earth's" + print "# rotation. The first (\"1 Jan 1972\") data line in leap-seconds.list" + print "# does not denote a leap second; it denotes the start of the current definition" + print "# of UTC." + print "" + print "# All leap-seconds are Stationary (S) at the given UTC time." + print "# The correction (+ or -) is made at the given time, so in the unlikely" + print "# event of a negative leap second, a line would look like this:" + print "# Leap YEAR MON DAY 23:59:59 - S" + print "# Typical lines look like this:" + print "# Leap YEAR MON DAY 23:59:60 + S" + + monthabbr[ 1] = "Jan" + monthabbr[ 2] = "Feb" + monthabbr[ 3] = "Mar" + monthabbr[ 4] = "Apr" + monthabbr[ 5] = "May" + monthabbr[ 6] = "Jun" + monthabbr[ 7] = "Jul" + monthabbr[ 8] = "Aug" + monthabbr[ 9] = "Sep" + monthabbr[10] = "Oct" + monthabbr[11] = "Nov" + monthabbr[12] = "Dec" + + sstamp_init() +} + +# In case the input has CRLF form a la NIST. +{ sub(/\r$/, "") } + +/^#[ \t]*[Uu]pdated through/ || /^#[ \t]*[Ff]ile expires on/ { + last_lines = last_lines $0 "\n" +} + +/^#[$][ \t]/ { updated = $2 } +/^#[@][ \t]/ { expires = $2 } + +/^[ \t]*#/ { next } + +{ + NTP_timestamp = $1 + TAI_minus_UTC = $2 + if (old_TAI_minus_UTC) { + if (old_TAI_minus_UTC < TAI_minus_UTC) { + sign = "23:59:60\t+" + } else { + sign = "23:59:59\t-" + } + sstamp_to_ymdhMs(NTP_timestamp - 1, ss_NTP) + printf "Leap\t%d\t%s\t%d\t%s\tS\n", \ + ss_year, monthabbr[ss_month], ss_mday, sign + } + old_TAI_minus_UTC = TAI_minus_UTC +} + +END { + print "" + + if (expires) { + sstamp_to_ymdhMs(expires, ss_NTP) + + print "# UTC timestamp when this leap second list expires." + print "# Any additional leap seconds will come after this." + if (! EXPIRES_LINE) { + print "# This Expires line is commented out for now," + print "# so that pre-2020a zic implementations do not reject this file." + } + printf "%sExpires %.4d\t%s\t%.2d\t%.2d:%.2d:%.2d\n", \ + EXPIRES_LINE ? "" : "#", \ + ss_year, monthabbr[ss_month], ss_mday, ss_hour, ss_min, ss_sec + } else { + print "# (No Expires line, since the expires time is unknown.)" + } + + # The difference between the NTP and POSIX epochs is 70 years + # (including 17 leap days), each 24 hours of 60 minutes of 60 + # seconds each. + epoch_minus_NTP = ((1970 - 1900) * 365 + 17) * 24 * 60 * 60 + + print "" + print "# POSIX timestamps for the data in this file:" + if (updated) { + sstamp_to_ymdhMs(updated, ss_NTP) + printf "#updated %d (%.4d-%.2d-%.2d %.2d:%.2d:%.2d UTC)\n", \ + updated - epoch_minus_NTP, \ + ss_year, ss_month, ss_mday, ss_hour, ss_min, ss_sec + } else { + print "#(updated time unknown)" + } + if (expires) { + sstamp_to_ymdhMs(expires, ss_NTP) + printf "#expires %d (%.4d-%.2d-%.2d %.2d:%.2d:%.2d UTC)\n", \ + expires - epoch_minus_NTP, \ + ss_year, ss_month, ss_mday, ss_hour, ss_min, ss_sec + } else { + print "#(expires time unknown)" + } + printf "\n%s", last_lines +} + +# sstamp_to_ymdhMs - convert seconds timestamp to date and time +# +# Call as: +# +# sstamp_to_ymdhMs(sstamp, epoch_days) +# +# where: +# +# sstamp - is the seconds timestamp. +# epoch_days - is the timestamp epoch in Gregorian days since 1600-03-01. +# ss_NTP is appropriate for an NTP sstamp. +# +# Both arguments should be nonnegative integers. +# On return, the following variables are set based on sstamp: +# +# ss_year - Gregorian calendar year +# ss_month - month of the year (1-January to 12-December) +# ss_mday - day of the month (1-31) +# ss_hour - hour (0-23) +# ss_min - minute (0-59) +# ss_sec - second (0-59) +# ss_wday - day of week (0-Sunday to 6-Saturday) +# +# The function sstamp_init should be called prior to using sstamp_to_ymdhMs. + +function sstamp_init() +{ + # Days in month N, where March is month 0 and January month 10. + ss_mon_days[ 0] = 31 + ss_mon_days[ 1] = 30 + ss_mon_days[ 2] = 31 + ss_mon_days[ 3] = 30 + ss_mon_days[ 4] = 31 + ss_mon_days[ 5] = 31 + ss_mon_days[ 6] = 30 + ss_mon_days[ 7] = 31 + ss_mon_days[ 8] = 30 + ss_mon_days[ 9] = 31 + ss_mon_days[10] = 31 + + # Counts of days in a Gregorian year, quad-year, century, and quad-century. + ss_year_days = 365 + ss_quadyear_days = ss_year_days * 4 + 1 + ss_century_days = ss_quadyear_days * 25 - 1 + ss_quadcentury_days = ss_century_days * 4 + 1 + + # Standard day epochs, suitable for epoch_days. + # ss_MJD = 94493 + # ss_POSIX = 135080 + ss_NTP = 109513 +} + +function sstamp_to_ymdhMs(sstamp, epoch_days, \ + quadcentury, century, quadyear, year, month, day) +{ + ss_hour = int(sstamp / 3600) % 24 + ss_min = int(sstamp / 60) % 60 + ss_sec = sstamp % 60 + + # Start with a count of days since 1600-03-01 Gregorian. + day = epoch_days + int(sstamp / (24 * 60 * 60)) + + # Compute a year-month-day date with days of the month numbered + # 0-30, months (March-February) numbered 0-11, and years that start + # start March 1 and end after the last day of February. A quad-year + # starts on March 1 of a year evenly divisible by 4 and ends after + # the last day of February 4 years later. A century starts on and + # ends before March 1 in years evenly divisible by 100. + # A quad-century starts on and ends before March 1 in years divisible + # by 400. While the number of days in a quad-century is a constant, + # the number of days in each other time period can vary by 1. + # Any variation is in the last day of the time period (there might + # or might not be a February 29) where it is easy to deal with. + + quadcentury = int(day / ss_quadcentury_days) + day -= quadcentury * ss_quadcentury_days + ss_wday = (day + 3) % 7 + century = int(day / ss_century_days) + century -= century == 4 + day -= century * ss_century_days + quadyear = int(day / ss_quadyear_days) + day -= quadyear * ss_quadyear_days + year = int(day / ss_year_days) + year -= year == 4 + day -= year * ss_year_days + for (month = 0; month < 11; month++) { + if (day < ss_mon_days[month]) + break + day -= ss_mon_days[month] + } + + # Convert the date to a conventional day of month (1-31), + # month (1-12, January-December) and Gregorian year. + ss_mday = day + 1 + if (month <= 9) { + ss_month = month + 3 + } else { + ss_month = month - 9 + year++ + } + ss_year = 1600 + quadcentury * 400 + century * 100 + quadyear * 4 + year +} diff --git a/northamerica b/northamerica new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bbfce49 --- /dev/null +++ b/northamerica @@ -0,0 +1,3627 @@ +# tzdb data for North and Central America and environs + +# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of +# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. + +# also includes Central America and the Caribbean + +# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, +# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to +# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see +# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. + +# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22): +# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is +# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). + +############################################################################### + +# United States + +# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31): +# Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by +# Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904), +# Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY). +# His pamphlet "A System of National Time for Railroads" (1870) +# was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines +# in New York City (1869-10). His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC, +# but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich. + +# From Paul Eggert (2018-03-20): +# Dowd's proposal left many details unresolved, such as where to draw +# lines between time zones. The key individual who made time zones +# work in the US was William Frederick Allen - railway engineer, +# managing editor of the Travelers' Guide, and secretary of the +# General Time Convention, a railway standardization group. Allen +# spent months in dialogs with scientific and railway leaders, +# developed a workable plan to institute time zones, and presented it +# to the General Time Convention on 1883-04-11, saying that his plan +# meant "local time would be practically abolished" - a plus for +# railway scheduling. By the next convention on 1883-10-11 nearly all +# railroads had agreed and it took effect on 1883-11-18. That Sunday +# was called the "day of two noons", as some locations observed noon +# twice. Allen witnessed the transition in New York City, writing: +# +# I heard the bells of St. Paul's strike on the old time. Four +# minutes later, obedient to the electrical signal from the Naval +# Observatory ... the time-ball made its rapid descent, the chimes +# of old Trinity rang twelve measured strokes, and local time was +# abandoned, probably forever. +# +# Most of the US soon followed suit. See: +# Bartky IR. The adoption of standard time. Technol Cult 1989 Jan;30(1):25-56. +# https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3105430 + +# From Paul Eggert (2005-04-16): +# That 1883 transition occurred at 12:00 new time, not at 12:00 old time. +# See p 46 of David Prerau, Seize the daylight, Thunder's Mouth Press (2005). + +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# A good source for time zone historical data in the US is +# Thomas G. Shanks, The American Atlas (5th edition), +# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991). +# Make sure you have the errata sheet; the book is somewhat useless without it. +# It is the source for most of the pre-1991 US entries below. + +# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): +# Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin +# in his whimsical essay "An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost +# of Light" published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26). +# Not everyone is happy with the results: +# +# I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some +# agreement about it, but I object to being told that I am saving +# daylight when my reason tells me that I am doing nothing of the kind. +# I even object to the implication that I am wasting something +# valuable if I stay in bed after the sun has risen. As an admirer +# of moonlight I resent the bossy insistence of those who want to +# reduce my time for enjoying it. At the back of the Daylight Saving +# scheme I detect the bony, blue-fingered hand of Puritanism, eager +# to push people into bed earlier, and get them up earlier, to make +# them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves. +# +# -- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks, +# Clarke, Irwin (1947), XIX, Sunday +# +# For more about the first ten years of DST in the United States, see +# Robert Garland, Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint +# (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927). +# https://web.archive.org/web/20160517155308/http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html +# +# Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1918 and 1919. +# However, DST was imposed by the Standard Time Act of 1918, which +# was the first nationwide legal time standard, and apparently +# time was just called "Standard Time" or "Daylight Saving Time". + +# From Paul Eggert (2019-06-04): +# Here is the legal basis for the US federal rules. +# * Public Law 65-106 (1918-03-19) implemented standard and daylight saving +# time for the first time across the US, springing forward on March's last +# Sunday and falling back on October's last Sunday. +# https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/65th-congress/session-2/c65s2ch24.pdf +# * Public Law 66-40 (1919-08-20) repealed DST on October 1919's last Sunday. +# https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/66th-congress/session-1/c66s1ch51.pdf +# * Public Law 77-403 (1942-01-20) started wartime DST on 1942-02-09. +# https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/77th-congress/session-2/c77s2ch7.pdf +# * Public Law 79-187 (1945-09-25) ended wartime DST on 1945-09-30. +# https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/79th-congress/session-1/c79s1ch388.pdf +# * Public Law 89-387 (1966-04-13) reinstituted a national standard for DST, +# from April's last Sunday to October's last Sunday, effective 1967. +# https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-80/pdf/STATUTE-80-Pg107.pdf +# * Public Law 93-182 (1973-12-15) moved the 1974 spring-forward to 01-06. +# https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-87/pdf/STATUTE-87-Pg707.pdf +# * Public Law 93-434 (1974-10-05) moved the 1975 spring-forward to +# February's last Sunday. +# https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-88/pdf/STATUTE-88-Pg1209.pdf +# * Public Law 99-359 (1986-07-08) moved the spring-forward to April's first +# Sunday. +# https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-100/pdf/STATUTE-100-Pg764.pdf +# * Public Law 109-58 (2005-08-08), effective 2007, moved the spring-forward +# to March's second Sunday and the fall-back to November's first Sunday. +# https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-109publ58/pdf/PLAW-109publ58.pdf +# All transitions are at 02:00 local time. + +# From Arthur David Olson: +# Before the Uniform Time Act of 1966 took effect in 1967, observance of +# Daylight Saving Time in the US was by local option, except during wartime. + +# From Arthur David Olson (2000-09-25): +# Last night I heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 Arch Oboler radio drama. +# In the introduction, Oboler spoke of "Eastern Peace Time." +# An AltaVista search turned up: +# https://web.archive.org/web/20000926032210/http://rowayton.org/rhs/hstaug45.html +# "When the time is announced over the radio now, it is 'Eastern Peace +# Time' instead of the old familiar 'Eastern War Time.' Peace is wonderful." +# (August 1945) by way of confirmation. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2017-09-23): +# This was the V-J Day issue of the Clamdigger, a Rowayton, CT newsletter. + +# From Joseph Gallant citing +# George H. Douglas, _The Early Days of Radio Broadcasting_ (1987): +# At 7 P.M. (Eastern War Time) [on 1945-08-14], the networks were set +# to switch to London for Attlee's address, but the American people +# never got to hear his speech live. According to one press account, +# CBS' Bob Trout was first to announce the word of Japan's surrender, +# but a few seconds later, NBC, ABC and Mutual also flashed the word +# of surrender, all of whom interrupting the bells of Big Ben in +# London which were to precede Mr. Attlee's speech. + +# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): It was Robert St John, not Bob Trout. From +# Myrna Oliver's obituary of St John on page B16 of today's Los Angeles Times: +# +# ... a war-weary U.S. clung to radios, awaiting word of Japan's surrender. +# Any announcement from Asia would reach St. John's New York newsroom on a +# wire service teletype machine, which had prescribed signals for major news. +# Associated Press, for example, would ring five bells before spewing out +# typed copy of an important story, and 10 bells for news "of transcendental +# importance." +# +# On Aug. 14, stalling while talking steadily into the NBC networks' open +# microphone, St. John heard five bells and waited only to hear a sixth bell, +# before announcing confidently: "Ladies and gentlemen, World War II is over. +# The Japanese have agreed to our surrender terms." +# +# He had scored a 20-second scoop on other broadcasters. + +# From Arthur David Olson (2005-08-22): +# Paul has been careful to use the "US" rules only in those locations +# that are part of the United States; this reflects the real scope of +# U.S. government action. So even though the "US" rules have changed +# in the latest release, other countries won't be affected. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule US 1918 1919 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule US 1918 1919 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule US 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War +Rule US 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace +Rule US 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S +Rule US 1967 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule US 1967 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule US 1974 only - Jan 6 2:00 1:00 D +Rule US 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule US 1976 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule US 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule US 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D +Rule US 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S + +# From Arthur David Olson, 2005-12-19 +# We generate the files specified below to guard against old files with +# obsolete information being left in the time zone binary directory. +# We limit the list to names that have appeared in previous versions of +# this time zone package. +# We do these as separate Zones rather than as Links to avoid problems if +# a particular place changes whether it observes DST. +# We put these specifications here in the northamerica file both to +# increase the chances that they'll actually get compiled and to +# avoid the need to duplicate the US rules in another file. + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone EST -5:00 - EST +Zone MST -7:00 - MST +Zone HST -10:00 - HST +Zone EST5EDT -5:00 US E%sT +Zone CST6CDT -6:00 US C%sT +Zone MST7MDT -7:00 US M%sT +Zone PST8PDT -8:00 US P%sT + +# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): +# USA EASTERN 5 H BEHIND UTC NEW YORK, WASHINGTON +# USA EASTERN 4 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30 +# USA CENTRAL 6 H BEHIND UTC CHICAGO, HOUSTON +# USA CENTRAL 5 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30 +# USA MOUNTAIN 7 H BEHIND UTC DENVER +# USA MOUNTAIN 6 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30 +# USA PACIFIC 8 H BEHIND UTC L.A., SAN FRANCISCO +# USA PACIFIC 7 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30 +# USA ALASKA STD 9 H BEHIND UTC MOST OF ALASKA (AKST) +# USA ALASKA STD 8 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30 (AKDT) +# USA ALEUTIAN 10 H BEHIND UTC ISLANDS WEST OF 170W +# USA " 9 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30 +# USA HAWAII 10 H BEHIND UTC +# USA BERING 11 H BEHIND UTC SAMOA, MIDWAY + +# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-21): +# The above dates are for 1988. +# Note the "AKST" and "AKDT" abbreviations, the claim that there's +# no DST in Samoa, and the claim that there is DST in Alaska and the +# Aleutians. + +# From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13): +# Legal standard time zone names, from United States Code (1982 Edition and +# Supplement III), Title 15, Chapter 6, Section 260 and forward. First, names +# up to 1967-04-01 (when most provisions of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 +# took effect), as explained in sections 263 and 261: +# (none) +# United States standard eastern time +# United States standard mountain time +# United States standard central time +# United States standard Pacific time +# (none) +# United States standard Alaska time +# (none) +# Next, names from 1967-04-01 until 1983-11-30 (the date for +# public law 98-181): +# Atlantic standard time +# eastern standard time +# central standard time +# mountain standard time +# Pacific standard time +# Yukon standard time +# Alaska-Hawaii standard time +# Bering standard time +# And after 1983-11-30: +# Atlantic standard time +# eastern standard time +# central standard time +# mountain standard time +# Pacific standard time +# Alaska standard time +# Hawaii-Aleutian standard time +# Samoa standard time +# The law doesn't give abbreviations. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-19): +# Here are URLs for the 1918 and 1966 legislation: +# http://uscode.house.gov/statviewer.htm?volume=40&page=451 +# http://uscode.house.gov/statviewer.htm?volume=80&page=108 +# Although the 1918 names were officially "United States Standard +# Eastern Time" and similarly for "Central", "Mountain", "Pacific", +# and "Alaska", in practice "Standard" was placed just before "Time", +# as codified in 1966. In practice, Alaska time was abbreviated "AST" +# before 1968. Summarizing the 1967 name changes: +# 1918 names 1967 names +# -08 Standard Pacific Time (PST) Pacific standard time (PST) +# -09 (unofficial) Yukon (YST) Yukon standard time (YST) +# -10 Standard Alaska Time (AST) Alaska-Hawaii standard time (AHST) +# -11 (unofficial) Nome (NST) Bering standard time (BST) +# +# From Paul Eggert (2023-01-23), from a 2001-01-08 heads-up from Rives McDow: +# Public law 106-564 (2000-12-23) introduced "Chamorro standard time" +# for time in Guam and the Northern Marianas. See the file "australasia". +# Also see 15 U.S.C. §263 <https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/263>. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-17): +# HST and HDT are standardized abbreviations for Hawaii-Aleutian +# standard and daylight times. See section 9.47 (p 234) of the +# U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual (2008) +# https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2008/pdf/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2008.pdf + +# From Arthur David Olson, 2005-08-09 +# The following was signed into law on 2005-08-08. +# +# H.R. 6, Energy Policy Act of 2005, SEC. 110. DAYLIGHT SAVINGS. +# (a) Amendment.--Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15 +# U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended-- +# (1) by striking "first Sunday of April" and inserting "second +# Sunday of March"; and +# (2) by striking "last Sunday of October" and inserting "first +# Sunday of November'. +# (b) Effective Date.--Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the +# date of enactment of this Act or March 1, 2007, whichever is later. +# (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 9 months after the effective +# date stated in subsection (b), the Secretary shall report to Congress +# on the impact of this section on energy consumption in the United +# States. +# (d) Right to Revert.--Congress retains the right to revert the +# Daylight Saving Time back to the 2005 time schedules once the +# Department study is complete. + +# US eastern time, represented by New York + +# Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, most of Florida, +# Georgia, southeast Indiana (Dearborn and Ohio counties), eastern Kentucky +# (except America/Kentucky/Louisville below), Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, +# New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, +# Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, eastern Tennessee, +# Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia + +# From Dave Cantor (2004-11-02): +# Early this summer I had the occasion to visit the Mount Washington +# Observatory weather station atop (of course!) Mount Washington [, NH].... +# One of the staff members said that the station was on Eastern Standard Time +# and didn't change their clocks for Daylight Saving ... so that their +# reports will always have times which are 5 hours behind UTC. + +# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-26): +# According to today's Huntsville Times +# http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?/base/news/1125047783228320.xml&coll=1 +# a few towns on Alabama's "eastern border with Georgia, such as Phenix City +# in Russell County, Lanett in Chambers County and some towns in Lee County, +# set their watches and clocks on Eastern time." It quotes H.H. "Bubba" +# Roberts, city administrator in Phenix City. as saying "We are in the Central +# time zone, but we do go by the Eastern time zone because so many people work +# in Columbus." +# +# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22): +# Four cities are involved. The two not mentioned above are Smiths Station +# and Valley. Barbara Brooks, Valley's assistant treasurer, heard it started +# because West Point Pepperell textile mills were in Alabama while the +# corporate office was in Georgia, and residents voted to keep Eastern +# time even after the mills closed. See: Kazek K. Did you know which +# Alabama towns are in a different time zone? al.com 2017-02-06. +# http://www.al.com/living/index.ssf/2017/02/do_you_know_which_alabama_town.html + +# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06): +# Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 44, 4 (1884-02-08), 208 +# says that New York City Hall time was 3 minutes 58.4 seconds fast of +# Eastern time (i.e., -4:56:01.6) just before the 1883 switch. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER +Rule NYC 1920 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule NYC 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule NYC 1921 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule NYC 1921 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule NYC 1955 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] + #STDOFF -4:56:01.6 +Zone America/New_York -4:56:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 17:00u + -5:00 US E%sT 1920 + -5:00 NYC E%sT 1942 + -5:00 US E%sT 1946 + -5:00 NYC E%sT 1967 + -5:00 US E%sT + +# US central time, represented by Chicago + +# Alabama, Arkansas, Florida panhandle (Bay, Calhoun, Escambia, +# Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton, and +# Washington counties), Illinois, western Indiana +# (Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer, +# Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties), Iowa, most of Kansas, western +# Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, eastern +# Nebraska, eastern North Dakota, Oklahoma, eastern South Dakota, +# western Tennessee, most of Texas, Wisconsin + +# From Paul Eggert (2018-01-07): +# In 1869 the Chicago Astronomical Society contracted with the city to keep +# time. Though delayed by the Great Fire, by 1880 a wire ran from the +# Dearborn Observatory (on the University of Chicago campus) to City Hall, +# which then sent signals to police and fire stations. However, railroads got +# their time signals from the Allegheny Observatory, the Madison Observatory, +# the Ann Arbor Observatory, etc., so their clocks did not agree with each +# other or with the city's official time. The confusion took some years to +# clear up. See: +# Moser M. How Chicago gave America its time zones. Chicago. 2018-01-04. +# http://www.chicagomag.com/city-life/January-2018/How-Chicago-Gave-America-Its-Time-Zones/ + +# From Larry M. Smith (2006-04-26) re Wisconsin: +# https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/175.pdf +# is currently enforced at the 01:00 time of change. Because the local +# "bar time" in the state corresponds to 02:00, a number of citations +# are issued for the "sale of class 'B' alcohol after prohibited +# hours" within the deviated hour of this change every year.... +# +# From Douglas R. Bomberg (2007-03-12): +# Wisconsin has enacted (nearly eleventh-hour) legislation to get WI +# Statue 175 closer in synch with the US Congress' intent.... +# https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2007/related/acts/3 + +# From an email administrator of the City of Fort Pierre, SD (2015-12-21): +# Fort Pierre is technically located in the Mountain time zone as is +# the rest of Stanley County. Most of Stanley County and Fort Pierre +# uses the Central time zone due to doing most of their business in +# Pierre so it simplifies schedules. I have lived in Stanley County +# all my life and it has been that way since I can remember. (43 years!) +# +# From Paul Eggert (2015-12-25): +# Assume this practice predates 1970, so Fort Pierre can use America/Chicago. + +# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-06): +# In 1950s Nashville a public clock had dueling faces, one for conservatives +# and the other for liberals; the two sides didn't agree about the time of day. +# I haven't found a photo of this clock, nor have I tracked down the TIME +# magazine report cited below, but here's the story as told by the late +# American journalist John Seigenthaler, who was there: +# +# "The two [newspaper] owners held strongly contrasting political and +# ideological views. Evans was a New South liberal, Stahlman an Old South +# conservative, and their two papers frequently clashed editorially, often on +# the same day.... In the 1950s as the state legislature was grappling with +# the question of whether to approve daylight saving time for the entire state, +# TIME magazine reported: +# +# "'The Nashville Banner and The Nashville Tennessean rarely agree on anything +# but the time of day - and last week they couldn't agree on that.' +# +# "It was all too true. The clock on the front of the building had two faces - +# The Tennessean side of the building facing west, the other, east. When it +# was high noon Banner time, it was 11 a.m. Tennessean time." +# +# Seigenthaler J. For 100 years, Tennessean had it covered. +# The Tennessean 2007-05-11, republished 2015-04-06. +# https://www.tennessean.com/story/insider/extras/2015/04/06/archives-seigenthaler-for-100-years-the-tennessean-had-it-covered/25348545/ + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER +Rule Chicago 1920 only - Jun 13 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Chicago 1920 1921 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Chicago 1921 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Chicago 1922 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Chicago 1922 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Chicago 1955 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Chicago -5:50:36 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 18:00u + -6:00 US C%sT 1920 + -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1936 Mar 1 2:00 + -5:00 - EST 1936 Nov 15 2:00 + -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1942 + -6:00 US C%sT 1946 + -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1967 + -6:00 US C%sT +# Oliver County, ND switched from mountain to central time on 1992-10-25. +Zone America/North_Dakota/Center -6:45:12 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 19:00u + -7:00 US M%sT 1992 Oct 25 2:00 + -6:00 US C%sT +# Morton County, ND, switched from mountain to central time on +# 2003-10-26, except for the area around Mandan which was already central time. +# See <http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/p63/135818.pdf>. +# Officially this switch also included part of Sioux County, and +# Jones, Mellette, and Todd Counties in South Dakota; +# but in practice these other counties were already observing central time. +# See <http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2003/October/Day-28/i27056.htm>. +Zone America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -6:45:39 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 19:00u + -7:00 US M%sT 2003 Oct 26 2:00 + -6:00 US C%sT + +# From Josh Findley (2011-01-21): +# ...it appears that Mercer County, North Dakota, changed from the +# mountain time zone to the central time zone at the last transition from +# daylight-saving to standard time (on Nov. 7, 2010): +# https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm +# http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html + +# From Andy Lipscomb (2011-01-24): +# ...according to the Census Bureau, the largest city is Beulah (although +# it's commonly referred to as Beulah-Hazen, with Hazen being the next +# largest city in Mercer County). Google Maps places Beulah's city hall +# at 47° 15' 51" N, 101° 46' 40" W, which yields an offset of 6h47'07". + +Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 19:00u + -7:00 US M%sT 2010 Nov 7 2:00 + -6:00 US C%sT + +# US mountain time, represented by Denver +# +# Colorado, far western Kansas, Montana, western +# Nebraska, Nevada border (Jackpot, Owyhee, and Mountain City), +# New Mexico, southwestern North Dakota, +# western South Dakota, far western Texas (El Paso County, Hudspeth County, +# and Pine Springs and Nickel Creek in Culberson County), Utah, Wyoming +# +# From Paul Eggert (2018-10-25): +# On 1921-03-04 federal law placed all of Texas into the central time zone. +# However, El Paso ignored the law for decades and continued to observe +# mountain time, on the grounds that that's what they had always done +# and they weren't about to let the federal government tell them what to do. +# Eventually the federal government gave in and changed the law on +# 1970-04-10 to match what El Paso was actually doing. Although +# that's slightly after our 1970 cutoff, there is no need to create a +# separate zone for El Paso since they were ignoring the law anyway. See: +# Long T. El Pasoans were time rebels, fought to stay in Mountain zone. +# El Paso Times. 2018-10-24 06:40 -06. +# https://www.elpasotimes.com/story/news/local/el-paso/2018/10/24/el-pasoans-were-time-rebels-fought-stay-mountain-zone/1744509002/ +# +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER +Rule Denver 1920 1921 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Denver 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Denver 1921 only - May 22 2:00 0 S +Rule Denver 1965 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Denver 1965 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Denver -6:59:56 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 19:00u + -7:00 US M%sT 1920 + -7:00 Denver M%sT 1942 + -7:00 US M%sT 1946 + -7:00 Denver M%sT 1967 + -7:00 US M%sT + +# US Pacific time, represented by Los Angeles +# +# California, northern Idaho (Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, Clearwater, +# Kootenai, Latah, Lewis, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties, Idaho county +# north of the Salmon River, and the towns of Burgdorf and Warren), +# Nevada (except West Wendover), Oregon (except the northern ¾ of +# Malheur county), and Washington + +# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-20): +# In early February 1948, in response to California's electricity shortage, +# PG&E changed power frequency from 60 to 59.5 Hz during daylight hours, +# causing electric clocks to lose six minutes per day. (This did not change +# legal time, and is not part of the data here.) See: +# Ross SA. An energy crisis from the past: Northern California in 1948. +# Working Paper No. 8, Institute of Governmental Studies, UC Berkeley, +# 1973-11. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8x22k30c +# +# In another measure to save electricity, DST was instituted from 1948-03-14 +# at 02:01 to 1949-01-16 at 02:00, with the governor having the option to move +# the fallback transition earlier. See pages 3-4 of: +# http://clerk.assembly.ca.gov/sites/clerk.assembly.ca.gov/files/archive/Statutes/1948/48Vol1_Chapters.pdf +# +# In response: +# +# Governor Warren received a torrent of objecting mail, and it is not too much +# to speculate that the objections to Daylight Saving Time were one important +# factor in the defeat of the Dewey-Warren Presidential ticket in California. +# -- Ross, p 25 +# +# On December 8 the governor exercised the option, setting the date to January 1 +# (LA Times 1948-12-09). The transition time was 02:00 (LA Times 1949-01-01). +# +# Despite the controversy, in 1949 California voters approved Proposition 12, +# which established DST from April's last Sunday at 01:00 until September's +# last Sunday at 02:00. This was amended by 1962's Proposition 6, which changed +# the fall-back date to October's last Sunday. See: +# https://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1501&context=ca_ballot_props +# https://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1636&context=ca_ballot_props +# +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER +Rule CA 1948 only - Mar 14 2:01 1:00 D +Rule CA 1949 only - Jan 1 2:00 0 S +Rule CA 1950 1966 - Apr lastSun 1:00 1:00 D +Rule CA 1950 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule CA 1962 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 20:00u + -8:00 US P%sT 1946 + -8:00 CA P%sT 1967 + -8:00 US P%sT + +# Alaska +# AK%sT is the modern abbreviation for -09 per USNO. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2017-06-15): +# Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar, +# and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, when the US bought it from Russia. +# On Friday, 1867-10-18 (Gregorian), at precisely 15:30 local time, the +# Russian forts and fleet at Sitka fired salutes to mark the ceremony of +# formal transfer. See the Sacramento Daily Union (1867-11-14), p 3, col 2. +# https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SDU18671114.2.12.1 +# Sitka workers did not change their calendars until Sunday, 1867-10-20, +# and so celebrated two Sundays that week. See: Ahllund T (tr Hallamaa P). +# From the memoirs of a Finnish workman. Alaska History. 2006 Fall;21(2):1-25. +# http://alaskahistoricalsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Ahllund-2006-Memoirs-of-a-Finnish-Workman.pdf +# Include only the time zone part of this transition, ignoring the switch +# from Julian to Gregorian, since we can't represent the Julian calendar. +# +# As far as we know, of the locations mentioned below only Sitka was +# permanently inhabited in 1867 by anyone using either calendar. +# (Yakutat was colonized by the Russians in 1799, but the settlement was +# destroyed in 1805 by a Yakutat-kon war party.) Many of Alaska's inhabitants +# were unaware of the US acquisition of Alaska, much less of any calendar or +# time change. However, the Russian-influenced part of Alaska did observe +# Russian time, and it is more accurate to model this than to ignore it. +# The database format requires an exact transition time; use the Russian +# salute as a somewhat-arbitrary time for the formal transfer of control for +# all of Alaska. Sitka's UTC offset is -9:01:13; adjust its 15:30 to the +# local times of other Alaskan locations so that they change simultaneously. + +# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-18): +# One opinion of the early 1980s turmoil in Alaska over time zones and +# daylight saving time appeared as graffiti on a Juneau airport wall: +# "Welcome to Juneau. Please turn your watch back to the 19th century." +# See: Turner W. Alaska's four time zones now two. NY Times 1983-11-01. +# http://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/01/us/alaska-s-four-time-zones-now-two.html +# +# Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31) referred to the following source: +# Norris F. Keeping time in Alaska: national directives, local response. +# Alaska History 2001;16(1-2). +# http://alaskahistoricalsociety.org/discover-alaska/glimpses-of-the-past/keeping-time-in-alaska/ + +# From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-01): +# Here's database-relevant material from the 2001 "Alaska History" article: +# +# On September 20 [1979]...DOT...officials decreed that on April 27, +# 1980, Juneau and other nearby communities would move to Yukon Time. +# Sitka, Petersburg, Wrangell, and Ketchikan, however, would remain on +# Pacific Time. +# +# ...on September 22, 1980, DOT Secretary Neil E. Goldschmidt rescinded the +# Department's September 1979 decision. Juneau and other communities in +# northern Southeast reverted to Pacific Time on October 26. +# +# On October 28 [1983]...the Metlakatla Indian Community Council voted +# unanimously to keep the reservation on Pacific Time. +# +# According to DOT official Joanne Petrie, Indian reservations are not +# bound to follow time zones imposed by neighboring jurisdictions. +# +# (The last is consistent with how the database now handles the Navajo +# Nation.) + +# From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-09): +# I just spoke by phone with a staff member at the Metlakatla Indian +# Community office (using contact information available at +# http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla +# It's shortly after 1:00 here on the east coast of the United States; +# the staffer said it was shortly after 10:00 there. When I asked whether +# that meant they were on Pacific time, they said no - they were on their +# own time. I asked about daylight saving; they said it wasn't used. I +# did not inquire about practices in the past. + +# From Arthur David Olson (2011-08-17): +# For lack of better information, assume that Metlakatla's +# abandonment of use of daylight saving resulted from the 1983 vote. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-11-09): +# It seems Metlakatla did go off PST on Sunday, November 1, changing +# their time to AKST and are going to follow Alaska's DST, switching +# between AKST and AKDT from now on.... +# https://www.krbd.org/2015/10/30/annette-island-times-they-are-a-changing/ + +# From Ryan Stanley (2018-11-06): +# The Metlakatla community in Alaska has decided not to change its +# clock back an hour starting on November 4th, 2018 (day before yesterday). +# They will be gmtoff=-28800 year-round. +# https://www.facebook.com/141055983004923/photos/pb.141055983004923.-2207520000.1541465673./569081370202380/ + +# From Paul Eggert (2018-12-16): +# In a 2018-12-11 special election, Metlakatla voted to go back to +# Alaska time (including daylight saving time) starting next year. +# https://www.krbd.org/2018/12/12/metlakatla-to-follow-alaska-standard-time-allow-liquor-sales/ +# +# From Ryan Stanley (2019-01-11): +# The community will be changing back on the 20th of this month... +# From Tim Parenti (2019-01-11): +# Per an announcement on the Metlakatla community's official Facebook page, the +# "fall back" will be on Sunday 2019-01-20 at 02:00: +# https://www.facebook.com/141055983004923/photos/607150969728753/ +# So they won't be waiting for Alaska to join them on 2019-03-10, but will +# rather change their clocks twice in seven weeks. + +# From Paul Eggert (2023-01-23): +# America/Adak is for the Aleutian Islands that are part of Alaska +# and are west of 169.5° W. + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Juneau 15:02:19 - LMT 1867 Oct 19 15:33:32 + -8:57:41 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00 + -8:00 - PST 1942 + -8:00 US P%sT 1946 + -8:00 - PST 1969 + -8:00 US P%sT 1980 Apr 27 2:00 + -9:00 US Y%sT 1980 Oct 26 2:00 + -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00 + -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30 + -9:00 US AK%sT +Zone America/Sitka 14:58:47 - LMT 1867 Oct 19 15:30 + -9:01:13 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00 + -8:00 - PST 1942 + -8:00 US P%sT 1946 + -8:00 - PST 1969 + -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00 + -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30 + -9:00 US AK%sT +Zone America/Metlakatla 15:13:42 - LMT 1867 Oct 19 15:44:55 + -8:46:18 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00 + -8:00 - PST 1942 + -8:00 US P%sT 1946 + -8:00 - PST 1969 + -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00 + -8:00 - PST 2015 Nov 1 2:00 + -9:00 US AK%sT 2018 Nov 4 2:00 + -8:00 - PST 2019 Jan 20 2:00 + -9:00 US AK%sT +Zone America/Yakutat 14:41:05 - LMT 1867 Oct 19 15:12:18 + -9:18:55 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00 + -9:00 - YST 1942 + -9:00 US Y%sT 1946 + -9:00 - YST 1969 + -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30 + -9:00 US AK%sT +Zone America/Anchorage 14:00:24 - LMT 1867 Oct 19 14:31:37 + -9:59:36 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00 + -10:00 - AST 1942 + -10:00 US A%sT 1967 Apr + -10:00 - AHST 1969 + -10:00 US AH%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00 + -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30 + -9:00 US AK%sT +Zone America/Nome 12:58:22 - LMT 1867 Oct 19 13:29:35 + -11:01:38 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00 + -11:00 - NST 1942 + -11:00 US N%sT 1946 + -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr + -11:00 - BST 1969 + -11:00 US B%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00 + -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30 + -9:00 US AK%sT +Zone America/Adak 12:13:22 - LMT 1867 Oct 19 12:44:35 + -11:46:38 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00 + -11:00 - NST 1942 + -11:00 US N%sT 1946 + -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr + -11:00 - BST 1969 + -11:00 US B%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00 + -10:00 US AH%sT 1983 Nov 30 + -10:00 US H%sT +# The following switches don't make our 1970 cutoff. +# +# Kiska observed Tokyo date and time during Japanese occupation from +# 1942-06-06 to 1943-07-29, and similarly for Attu from 1942-06-07 to +# 1943-05-29 (all dates American). Both islands are now uninhabited. +# +# Shanks writes that part of southwest Alaska (e.g. Aniak) +# switched from -11:00 to -10:00 on 1968-09-22 at 02:00, +# and another part (e.g. Akiak) made the same switch five weeks later. +# +# From David Flater (2004-11-09): +# In e-mail, 2004-11-02, Ray Hudson, historian/liaison to the Unalaska +# Historic Preservation Commission, provided this information, which +# suggests that Unalaska deviated from statutory time from early 1967 +# possibly until 1983: +# +# Minutes of the Unalaska City Council Meeting, January 10, 1967: +# "Except for St. Paul and Akutan, Unalaska is the only important +# location not on Alaska Standard Time. The following resolution was +# made by William Robinson and seconded by Henry Swanson: Be it +# resolved that the City of Unalaska hereby goes to Alaska Standard +# Time as of midnight Friday, January 13, 1967 (1 A.M. Saturday, +# January 14, Alaska Standard Time.) This resolution was passed with +# three votes for and one against." + +# Hawaii + +# From Arthur David Olson (2010-12-09): +# "Hawaiian Time" by Robert C. Schmitt and Doak C. Cox appears on pages 207-225 +# of volume 26 of The Hawaiian Journal of History (1992). As of 2010-12-09, +# the article is available at +# https://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf +# and indicates that standard time was adopted effective noon, January +# 13, 1896 (page 218), that in "1933, the Legislature decreed daylight +# saving for the period between the last Sunday of each April and the +# last Sunday of each September, but less than a month later repealed the +# act," (page 220), that year-round daylight saving time was in effect +# from 1942-02-09 to 1945-09-30 (page 221, with no time of day given for +# when clocks changed) and that clocks were changed by 30 minutes +# effective the second Sunday of June, 1947 (page 219, with no time of +# day given for when clocks changed). A footnote for the 1933 changes +# cites Session Laws of Hawaii 1933, "Act. 90 (approved 26 Apr. 1933) +# and Act 163 (approved 21 May 1933)." + +# From Arthur David Olson (2011-01-19): +# The following is from "Laws of the Territory of Hawaii Passed by the +# Seventeenth Legislature: Regular Session 1933," available (as of +# 2011-01-19) at American University's Pence Law Library. Page 85: "Act +# 90...At 2 o'clock ante meridian of the last Sunday in April of each +# year, the standard time of this Territory shall be advanced one +# hour...This Act shall take effect upon its approval. Approved this 26th +# day of April, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M JUDD, Governor of the Territory of +# Hawaii." Page 172: "Act 163...Act 90 of the Session Laws of 1933 is +# hereby repealed...This Act shall take effect upon its approval, upon +# which date the standard time of this Territory shall be restored to +# that existing immediately prior to the taking effect of said Act 90. +# Approved this 21st day of May, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M. JUDD, Governor +# of the Territory of Hawaii." +# +# Note that 1933-05-21 was a Sunday. +# We're left to guess the time of day when Act 163 was approved; guess noon. + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Honolulu -10:31:26 - LMT 1896 Jan 13 12:00 + -10:30 - HST 1933 Apr 30 2:00 + -10:30 1:00 HDT 1933 May 21 12:00 + -10:30 US H%sT 1947 Jun 8 2:00 + -10:00 - HST + +# Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970. + +# Arizona mostly uses MST. + +# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-20): +# +# The information in the rest of this paragraph is derived from the +# Daylight Saving Time web page +# <http://www.dlapr.lib.az.us/links/daylight.htm> (2002-01-23) +# maintained by the Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records. +# Between 1944-01-01 and 1944-04-01 the State of Arizona used standard +# time, but by federal law railroads, airlines, bus lines, military +# personnel, and some engaged in interstate commerce continued to +# observe war (i.e., daylight saving) time. The 1944-03-17 Phoenix +# Gazette says that was the date the law changed, and that 04-01 was +# the date the state's clocks would change. In 1945 the State of +# Arizona used standard time all year, again with exceptions only as +# mandated by federal law. Arizona observed DST in 1967, but Arizona +# Laws 1968, ch. 183 (effective 1968-03-21) repealed DST. +# +# Shanks says the 1944 experiment came to an end on 1944-03-17. +# Go with the Arizona State Library instead. + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Phoenix -7:28:18 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 19:00u + -7:00 US M%sT 1944 Jan 1 0:01 + -7:00 - MST 1944 Apr 1 0:01 + -7:00 US M%sT 1944 Oct 1 0:01 + -7:00 - MST 1967 + -7:00 US M%sT 1968 Mar 21 + -7:00 - MST + +# From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13): +# A writer from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc., +# notes in private correspondence dated 1987-12-28 that "Presently, only the +# Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, due to its +# large size and location in three states." (The "only" means that other +# tribal nations don't use DST.) +# +# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-26): +# See America/Denver for a zone appropriate for the Navajo Nation. + +# Southern Idaho (Ada, Adams, Bannock, Bear Lake, Bingham, Blaine, +# Boise, Bonneville, Butte, Camas, Canyon, Caribou, Cassia, Clark, +# Custer, Elmore, Franklin, Fremont, Gem, Gooding, Jefferson, Jerome, +# Lemhi, Lincoln, Madison, Minidoka, Oneida, Owyhee, Payette, Power, +# Teton, Twin Falls, Valley, Washington counties, and the southern +# quarter of Idaho county) and eastern Oregon (most of Malheur County) +# switched four weeks late in 1974. +# +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Boise -7:44:49 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 20:00u + -8:00 US P%sT 1923 May 13 2:00 + -7:00 US M%sT 1974 + -7:00 - MST 1974 Feb 3 2:00 + -7:00 US M%sT + +# Indiana +# +# For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see: +# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_Indiana +# +# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-30): +# A brief but entertaining history of time in Indiana describes a 1949 debate +# in the Indiana House where city legislators (who favored "fast time") +# tussled with farm legislators (who didn't) over a bill to outlaw DST: +# "Lacking enough votes, the city faction tries to filibuster until time runs +# out on the session at midnight, but rural champion Rep. Herbert Copeland, +# R-Madison, leans over the gallery railing and forces the official clock +# back to 9 p.m., breaking it in the process. The clock sticks on 9 as the +# debate rages on into the night. The filibuster finally dies out and the +# bill passes, while outside the chamber, clocks read 3:30 a.m. In the end, +# it doesn't matter which side won. The law has no enforcement powers and +# is simply ignored by fast-time communities." +# How Indiana went from 'God's time' to split zones and daylight-saving. +# Indianapolis Star. 2018-11-27 14:58 -05. +# https://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2018/11/27/indianapolis-indiana-time-zone-history-central-eastern-daylight-savings-time/2126300002/ +# +# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): +# Since 1970, most of Indiana has been like America/Indiana/Indianapolis, +# with the following exceptions: +# +# - Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer, +# Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago. +# +# - Dearborn and Ohio counties have been like America/New_York. +# +# - Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties have been like +# America/Kentucky/Louisville. +# +# - Crawford, Daviess, Dubois, Knox, Martin, Perry, Pike, Pulaski, Starke, +# and Switzerland counties have their own time zone histories as noted below. +# +# Shanks partitioned Indiana into 345 regions, each with its own time history, +# and wrote "Even newspaper reports present contradictory information." +# Those Hoosiers! Such a flighty and changeable people! +# Fortunately, most of the complexity occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. +# +# Other than Indianapolis, the Indiana place names are so nondescript +# that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the 'America' level. +# So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory 'America/Indiana'. + +# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-26): +# https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2006/01/20/06-563/standard-time-zone-boundary-in-the-state-of-indiana +# says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke, +# Pulaski, Knox, Daviess, Martin, Pike, Dubois, and Perry Counties from the +# Eastern Time Zone to the Central Time Zone.... The effective date of +# this rule is 2 a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the +# changeover date from standard time to Daylight Saving Time." +# Strictly speaking, this meant the affected counties changed their +# clocks twice that night, but this obviously was in error. The intent +# was that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT. + +# From Gwillim Law (2007-02-10): +# The Associated Press has been reporting that Pulaski County, Indiana is +# going to switch from Central to Eastern Time on March 11, 2007.... +# http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070207/LOCAL190108/702070524/0/LOCAL + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER +Rule Indianapolis 1941 only - Jun 22 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Indianapolis 1941 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Indianapolis 1946 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 18:00u + -6:00 US C%sT 1920 + -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1942 + -6:00 US C%sT 1946 + -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1955 Apr 24 2:00 + -5:00 - EST 1957 Sep 29 2:00 + -6:00 - CST 1958 Apr 27 2:00 + -5:00 - EST 1969 + -5:00 US E%sT 1971 + -5:00 - EST 2006 + -5:00 US E%sT +# +# Eastern Crawford County, Indiana, left its clocks alone in 1974, +# as well as from 1976 through 2005. +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER +Rule Marengo 1951 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Marengo 1951 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Marengo 1954 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Marengo 1954 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Indiana/Marengo -5:45:23 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 18:00u + -6:00 US C%sT 1951 + -6:00 Marengo C%sT 1961 Apr 30 2:00 + -5:00 - EST 1969 + -5:00 US E%sT 1974 Jan 6 2:00 + -6:00 1:00 CDT 1974 Oct 27 2:00 + -5:00 US E%sT 1976 + -5:00 - EST 2006 + -5:00 US E%sT +# +# Daviess, Dubois, Knox, and Martin Counties, Indiana, +# switched from eastern to central time in April 2006, then switched back +# in November 2007. +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER +Rule Vincennes 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Vincennes 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Vincennes 1953 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Vincennes 1953 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Vincennes 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Vincennes 1956 1963 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Vincennes 1960 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Vincennes 1961 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Vincennes 1962 1963 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Indiana/Vincennes -5:50:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 18:00u + -6:00 US C%sT 1946 + -6:00 Vincennes C%sT 1964 Apr 26 2:00 + -5:00 - EST 1969 + -5:00 US E%sT 1971 + -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00 + -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Nov 4 2:00 + -5:00 US E%sT +# +# Perry County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in April 2006. +# From Alois Treindl (2019-07-09): +# The Indianapolis News, Friday 27 October 1967 states that Perry County +# returned to CST. It went again to EST on 27 April 1969, as documented by the +# Indianapolis star of Saturday 26 April. +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER +Rule Perry 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Perry 1955 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Perry 1956 1963 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Perry 1961 1963 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Indiana/Tell_City -5:47:03 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 18:00u + -6:00 US C%sT 1946 + -6:00 Perry C%sT 1964 Apr 26 2:00 + -5:00 - EST 1967 Oct 29 2:00 + -6:00 US C%sT 1969 Apr 27 2:00 + -5:00 US E%sT 1971 + -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00 + -6:00 US C%sT +# +# Pike County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1977, +# then switched back in 2006, then switched back again in 2007. +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER +Rule Pike 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Pike 1955 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Pike 1956 1964 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Pike 1961 1964 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Indiana/Petersburg -5:49:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 18:00u + -6:00 US C%sT 1955 + -6:00 Pike C%sT 1965 Apr 25 2:00 + -5:00 - EST 1966 Oct 30 2:00 + -6:00 US C%sT 1977 Oct 30 2:00 + -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00 + -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Nov 4 2:00 + -5:00 US E%sT +# +# Starke County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1991, +# then switched back in 2006. +# From Arthur David Olson (1991-10-28): +# An article on page A3 of the Sunday, 1991-10-27 Washington Post +# notes that Starke County switched from Central time to Eastern time as of +# 1991-10-27. +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER +Rule Starke 1947 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Starke 1947 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Starke 1955 1956 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Starke 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Starke 1959 1961 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Indiana/Knox -5:46:30 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 18:00u + -6:00 US C%sT 1947 + -6:00 Starke C%sT 1962 Apr 29 2:00 + -5:00 - EST 1963 Oct 27 2:00 + -6:00 US C%sT 1991 Oct 27 2:00 + -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00 + -6:00 US C%sT +# +# Pulaski County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in +# April 2006 and then switched back in March 2007. +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER +Rule Pulaski 1946 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Pulaski 1946 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Pulaski 1955 1956 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Pulaski 1957 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Indiana/Winamac -5:46:25 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 18:00u + -6:00 US C%sT 1946 + -6:00 Pulaski C%sT 1961 Apr 30 2:00 + -5:00 - EST 1969 + -5:00 US E%sT 1971 + -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00 + -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Mar 11 2:00 + -5:00 US E%sT +# +# Switzerland County, Indiana, did not observe DST from 1973 through 2005. +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Indiana/Vevay -5:40:16 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 18:00u + -6:00 US C%sT 1954 Apr 25 2:00 + -5:00 - EST 1969 + -5:00 US E%sT 1973 + -5:00 - EST 2006 + -5:00 US E%sT + +# From Paul Eggert (2018-03-20): +# The Louisville & Nashville Railroad's 1883-11-18 change occurred at +# 10:00 old local time; train were supposed to come to a standstill +# for precisely 18 minutes. See Bartky Fig. 1 (page 50). It is not +# clear how this matched civil time in Louisville, so for now continue +# to assume Louisville switched at noon new local time, like New York. +# +# From Michael Deckers (2019-08-06): +# From the contemporary source given by Alois Treindl, +# the switch in Louisville on 1946-04-28 was on 00:01 +# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-26): +# That source was the Louisville Courier-Journal, 1946-04-27, p 4. +# Shanks gives 02:00 for all 20th-century transition times in Louisville. +# Evidently this is wrong for spring 1946. Although also likely wrong +# for other dates, we have no data. +# +# Part of Kentucky left its clocks alone in 1974. +# This also includes Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties in Indiana. +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER +Rule Louisville 1921 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Louisville 1921 only - Sep 1 2:00 0 S +Rule Louisville 1941 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Louisville 1941 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Louisville 1946 only - Apr lastSun 0:01 1:00 D +Rule Louisville 1946 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 S +Rule Louisville 1950 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Louisville 1950 1955 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Louisville 1956 1961 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 18:00u + -6:00 US C%sT 1921 + -6:00 Louisville C%sT 1942 + -6:00 US C%sT 1946 + -6:00 Louisville C%sT 1961 Jul 23 2:00 + -5:00 - EST 1968 + -5:00 US E%sT 1974 Jan 6 2:00 + -6:00 1:00 CDT 1974 Oct 27 2:00 + -5:00 US E%sT +# +# Wayne County, Kentucky +# +# From Lake Cumberland LIFE +# http://www.lake-cumberland.com/life/archive/news990129time.shtml +# (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7: +# Clinton County has joined Wayne County in asking the DoT to change from +# the Central to the Eastern time zone.... The Wayne County government made +# the same request in December. And while Russell County officials have not +# taken action, the majority of respondents to a poll conducted there in +# August indicated they would like to change to "fast time" also. +# The three Lake Cumberland counties are the farthest east of any U.S. +# location in the Central time zone. +# +# From Rich Wales (2000-08-29): +# After prolonged debate, and despite continuing deep differences of opinion, +# Wayne County (central Kentucky) is switching from Central (-0600) to Eastern +# (-0500) time. They won't "fall back" this year. See Sara Shipley, +# The difference an hour makes, Nando Times (2000-08-29 15:33 -0400). +# +# From Paul Eggert (2001-07-16): +# The final rule was published in the +# Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), pp 50154-50158. +# https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2000-08-17/html/00-20854.htm +# +Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 18:00u + -6:00 US C%sT 1946 + -6:00 - CST 1968 + -6:00 US C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00 + -5:00 US E%sT + + +# From Rives McDow (2000-08-30): +# Here ... are all the changes in the US since 1985. +# Kearny County, KS (put all of county on central; +# previously split between MST and CST) ... 1990-10 +# Starke County, IN (from CST to EST) ... 1991-10 +# Oliver County, ND (from MST to CST) ... 1992-10 +# West Wendover, NV (from PST TO MST) ... 1999-10 +# Wayne County, KY (from CST to EST) ... 2000-10 +# +# From Paul Eggert (2001-07-17): +# We don't know where the line used to be within Kearny County, KS, +# so omit that change for now. +# See America/Indiana/Knox for the Starke County, IN change. +# See America/North_Dakota/Center for the Oliver County, ND change. +# West Wendover, NV officially switched from Pacific to mountain time on +# 1999-10-31. See the +# Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), pp 56705-56707. +# https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-1999-10-21/html/99-27240.htm +# However, the Federal Register says that West Wendover already operated +# on mountain time, and the rule merely made this official; +# hence a separate tz entry is not needed. + +# Michigan +# +# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): +# Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973. +# +# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31): +# Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885-09-18, +# but Howse writes (pp 124-125, referring to Popular Astronomy, 1901-01) +# that Detroit kept +# +# local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should +# be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time. Half the +# city obeyed, half refused. After considerable debate, the decision +# was rescinded and the city reverted to Sun time. A derisive offer to +# erect a sundial in front of the city hall was referred to the +# Committee on Sewers. Then, in 1905, Central time was adopted +# by city vote. +# +# This story is too entertaining to be false, so go with Howse over Shanks. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): +# Garland (1927) writes "Cleveland and Detroit advanced their clocks +# one hour in 1914." This change is not in Shanks. We have no more +# info, so omit this for now. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-06): +# Due to a complicated set of legal maneuvers, in 1967 Michigan did +# not start daylight saving time when the rest of the US did. +# Instead, it began DST on Jun 14 at 00:01. This was big news: +# the Detroit Free Press reported it at the top of Page 1 on +# 1967-06-14, in an article "State Adjusting to Switch to Fast Time" +# by Gary Blonston, above an article about Thurgood Marshall's +# confirmation to the US Supreme Court. Although Shanks says Detroit +# observed DST until 1967-10-29 00:01, that time of day seems to be +# incorrect, as the Free Press later said DST ended in Michigan at the +# same time as the rest of the US. Also, although Shanks reports no DST in +# Detroit in 1968, it did observe DST that year; in the November 1968 +# election Michigan voters narrowly repealed DST, effective 1969. +# +# Most of Michigan observed DST from 1973 on, but was a bit late in 1975. +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER +Rule Detroit 1948 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Detroit 1948 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Detroit -5:32:11 - LMT 1905 + -6:00 - CST 1915 May 15 2:00 + -5:00 - EST 1942 + -5:00 US E%sT 1946 + -5:00 Detroit E%sT 1967 Jun 14 0:01 + -5:00 US E%sT 1969 + -5:00 - EST 1973 + -5:00 US E%sT 1975 + -5:00 - EST 1975 Apr 27 2:00 + -5:00 US E%sT +# +# Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron, and Menominee Counties, Michigan, +# switched from EST to CST/CDT in 1973. +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER +Rule Menominee 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Menominee 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Menominee 1966 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Menominee 1966 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Menominee -5:50:27 - LMT 1885 Sep 18 12:00 + -6:00 US C%sT 1946 + -6:00 Menominee C%sT 1969 Apr 27 2:00 + -5:00 - EST 1973 Apr 29 2:00 + -6:00 US C%sT + +# Navassa +# administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service +# claimed by US under the provisions of the 1856 Guano Islands Act +# also claimed by Haiti +# occupied 1857/1900 by the Navassa Phosphate Co +# US lighthouse 1917/1996-09 +# currently uninhabited +# see Mark Fineman, "An Isle Rich in Guano and Discord", +# _Los Angeles Times_ (1998-11-10), A1, A10; it cites +# Jimmy Skaggs, _The Great Guano Rush_ (1994). + +################################################################################ + + +# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): +# +# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: +# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), +# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). +# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. +# +# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source +# for time zone data was the International Air Transport +# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), +# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries +# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, +# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. +# +# Other sources occasionally used include: +# +# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 +# <https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. +# +# Pearce C. The Great Daylight Saving Time Controversy. +# Australian Ebook Publisher. 2017. ISBN 978-1-925516-96-8. +# +# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, +# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), +# which I found in the UCLA library. +# +# William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition +# <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf> +# [PDF] (1914-03) +# +# For the 1911/1912 establishment of standard time in French possessions, see: +# Société Française de Physique, Recueil de constantes physiques (1913), +# page 752, 18b. +# +# See the 'europe' file for Greenland. + +# Canada + +# From Alain LaBonté (1994-11-14): +# I post here the time zone abbreviations standardized in Canada +# for both English and French in the CAN/CSA-Z234.4-89 standard.... +# +# UTC Standard time Daylight saving time +# offset French English French English +# -2:30 - - HAT NDT +# -3 - - HAA ADT +# -3:30 HNT NST - - +# -4 HNA AST HAE EDT +# -5 HNE EST HAC CDT +# -6 HNC CST HAR MDT +# -7 HNR MST HAP PDT +# -8 HNP PST HAY YDT +# -9 HNY YST - - +# +# HN: Heure Normale ST: Standard Time +# HA: Heure Avancée DT: Daylight saving Time +# +# A: de l'Atlantique Atlantic +# C: du Centre Central +# E: de l'Est Eastern +# M: Mountain +# N: Newfoundland +# P: du Pacifique Pacific +# R: des Rocheuses +# T: de Terre-Neuve +# Y: du Yukon Yukon +# +# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-22): +# Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software. + +# Unless otherwise specified, the data entries for Canada are all from Shanks +# & Pottenger. + +# From Chris Walton (2006-04-01, 2006-04-25, 2006-06-26, 2007-01-31, +# 2007-03-01): +# The British Columbia government announced yesterday that it will +# adjust daylight savings next year to align with changes in the +# U.S. and the rest of Canada.... +# https://archive.news.gov.bc.ca/releases/news_releases_2005-2009/2006AG0014-000330.htm +# ... +# Nova Scotia +# Daylight saving time will be extended by four weeks starting in 2007.... +# https://www.novascotia.ca/just/regulations/rg2/2006/ma1206.pdf +# +# [For New Brunswick] the new legislation dictates that the time change is to +# be done at 02:00 instead of 00:01. +# https://www.gnb.ca/0062/acts/BBA-2006/Chap-19.pdf +# ... +# Manitoba has traditionally changed the clock every fall at 03:00. +# As of 2006, the transition is to take place one hour earlier at 02:00. +# https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/o030e.php +# ... +# [Alberta, Ontario, Quebec] will follow US rules. +# http://www.qp.gov.ab.ca/documents/spring/CH03_06.CFM +# http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Source/Regs/English/2006/R06111_e.htm +# http://www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=5&file=2006C39A.PDF +# ... +# P.E.I. will follow US rules.... +# http://www.assembly.pe.ca/bills/pdf_chapter/62/3/chapter-41.pdf +# ... +# Province of Newfoundland and Labrador.... +# http://www.hoa.gov.nl.ca/hoa/bills/Bill0634.htm +# ... +# Yukon +# https://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic2006_127.pdf +# ... +# N.W.T. will follow US rules. Whoever maintains the government web site +# does not seem to believe in bookmarks. To see the news release, click the +# following link and search for "Daylight Savings Time Change". Press the +# "Daylight Savings Time Change" link; it will fire off a popup using +# JavaScript. +# http://www.exec.gov.nt.ca/currentnews/currentPR.asp?mode=archive +# ... +# Nunavut +# An amendment to the Interpretation Act was registered on February 19/2007.... +# http://action.attavik.ca/home/justice-gn/attach/2007/gaz02part2.pdf + +# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-18): +# H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map +# "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998) +# https://web.archive.org/web/19990827055050/https://canadiangeographic.ca/SO98/geomap.htm +# contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard +# time and daylight saving time arrangements in Canada circa 1998. +# +# National Research Council Canada maintains info about time zones and DST. +# https://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/time_zones.html +# https://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/faq/index.html#Q5 +# Its unofficial information is often taken from Matthews and Vincent. + +# From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27): +# For now, assume all of DST-observing Canada will fall into line with the +# new US DST rules, + +# From Chris Walton (2011-12-01) +# In the first of Tammy Hardwick's articles +# http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260 +# she quotes the Friday November 1/1918 edition of the Creston Review. +# The quote includes these two statements: +# 'Sunday the CPR went back to the old system of time...' +# '... The daylight saving scheme was dropped all over Canada at the same time,' +# These statements refer to a transition from daylight time to standard time +# that occurred nationally on Sunday October 27/1918. This transition was +# also documented in the Saturday October 26/1918 edition of the Toronto Star. + +# In light of that evidence, we alter the date from the earlier believed +# Oct 31, to Oct 27, 1918 (and Sunday is a more likely transition day +# than Thursday) in all Canadian rulesets. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Canada 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Canada 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S +Rule Canada 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War +Rule Canada 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace +Rule Canada 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S +Rule Canada 1974 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Canada 1974 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Canada 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Canada 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Canada 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S + + +# Newfoundland and Labrador + +# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-14): +# Legally Labrador should observe Newfoundland time; see: +# McLeod J. Labrador time - legal or not? St. John's Telegram, 2017-10-07 +# http://www.thetelegram.com/news/local/labrador-time--legal-or-not-154860/ +# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that the only part of Labrador +# that follows the rules is the southeast corner, including Port Hope +# Simpson and Mary's Harbour, but excluding, say, Black Tickle. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule StJohns 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00 1:00 D +Rule StJohns 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S +# Whitman gives 1919 Apr 5 and 1920 Apr 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger. +Rule StJohns 1919 only - May 5 23:00 1:00 D +Rule StJohns 1919 only - Aug 12 23:00 0 S +# For 1931-1935 Whitman gives Apr same date; go with Shanks & Pottenger. +Rule StJohns 1920 1935 - May Sun>=1 23:00 1:00 D +Rule StJohns 1920 1935 - Oct lastSun 23:00 0 S +# For 1936-1941 Whitman gives May Sun>=8 and Oct Sun>=1; go with Shanks & +# Pottenger. +Rule StJohns 1936 1941 - May Mon>=9 0:00 1:00 D +Rule StJohns 1936 1941 - Oct Mon>=2 0:00 0 S +# Whitman gives the following transitions: +# 1942 03-01/12-31, 1943 05-30/09-05, 1944 07-10/09-02, 1945 01-01/10-07 +# but go with Shanks & Pottenger and assume they used Canadian rules. +# For 1946-9 Whitman gives May 5,4,9,1 - Oct 1,5,3,2, and for 1950 he gives +# Apr 30 - Sep 24; go with Shanks & Pottenger. +Rule StJohns 1946 1950 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D +Rule StJohns 1946 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S +Rule StJohns 1951 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule StJohns 1951 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule StJohns 1960 1986 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): +# INMS (2000-09-12) says that, since 1988 at least, Newfoundland switches +# at 00:01 local time. For now, assume it started in 1987. + +# From Michael Pelley (2011-09-12): +# We received today, Monday, September 12, 2011, notification that the +# changes to the Newfoundland Standard Time Act have been proclaimed. +# The change in the Act stipulates that the change from Daylight Savings +# Time to Standard Time and from Standard Time to Daylight Savings Time +# now occurs at 2:00AM. +# ... +# http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/annualstatutes/2011/1106.chp.htm +# ... +# MICHAEL PELLEY | Manager of Enterprise Architecture - Solution Delivery +# Office of the Chief Information Officer +# Executive Council +# Government of Newfoundland & Labrador + +Rule StJohns 1987 only - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D +Rule StJohns 1987 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:01 0 S +Rule StJohns 1988 only - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 2:00 DD +Rule StJohns 1989 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D +Rule StJohns 2007 2011 - Mar Sun>=8 0:01 1:00 D +Rule StJohns 2007 2010 - Nov Sun>=1 0:01 0 S +# +# St John's has an apostrophe, but POSIX file names can't have apostrophes. +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/St_Johns -3:30:52 - LMT 1884 + -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT 1918 + -3:30:52 Canada N%sT 1919 + -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT 1935 Mar 30 + -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1942 May 11 + -3:30 Canada N%sT 1946 + -3:30 StJohns N%sT 2011 Nov + -3:30 Canada N%sT + +# most of east Labrador + +# The name 'Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use 'Goose Bay'. +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Goose_Bay -4:01:40 - LMT 1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay + -3:30:52 - NST 1918 + -3:30:52 Canada N%sT 1919 + -3:30:52 - NST 1935 Mar 30 + -3:30 - NST 1936 + -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1942 May 11 + -3:30 Canada N%sT 1946 + -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1966 Mar 15 2:00 + -4:00 StJohns A%sT 2011 Nov + -4:00 Canada A%sT + + +# west Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward I, +# Îles-de-la-Madeleine, Listuguj reserve + +# From Brian Inglis (2015-07-20): +# From the historical weather station records available at: +# https://weatherspark.com/history/28351/1971/Sydney-Nova-Scotia-Canada +# Sydney shares the same time history as Glace Bay, so was +# likely to be the same across the island.... +# Sydney, as the capital and most populous location, or Cape Breton, would +# have been better names for the zone had we known this in 1996. + +# From Paul Eggert (2015-07-20): +# Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has been like +# Halifax. Many locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1972; +# the Cape Breton area, represented by Glace Bay, is the largest we know of +# (Glace Bay was perhaps not the best name choice but no point changing now). +# Shanks & Pottenger also write that Liverpool, NS was the only town +# in Canada to observe DST in 1971 but not 1970; for now we'll assume +# this is a typo. + +# From Jeffery Nichols (2020-01-09): +# America/Halifax ... also applies to Îles-de-la-Madeleine and the Listuguj +# reserve in Quebec. Officially, this came into effect on January 1, 2007 +# (Legal Time Act, CQLR c T-5.1), but the legislative debates surrounding that +# bill say that it is "accommodating the customs and practices" of those +# regions, which suggests that they have always been in-line with Halifax. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Halifax 1916 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1920 only - May 9 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1920 only - Aug 29 0:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1921 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1921 1922 - Sep 5 0:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1922 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1923 1925 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1923 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1924 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1925 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1926 only - May 16 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1926 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1927 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1927 only - Sep 26 0:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1928 1931 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1928 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1929 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1930 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1931 1932 - Sep Mon>=24 0:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1932 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1933 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1933 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1934 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1934 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1935 only - Jun 2 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1935 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1936 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1936 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1937 1938 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1937 1941 - Sep Mon>=24 0:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1939 only - May 28 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1940 1941 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1946 1949 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1946 1949 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1951 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1951 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1956 1959 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1956 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1962 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1962 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Halifax -4:14:24 - LMT 1902 Jun 15 + -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1918 + -4:00 Canada A%sT 1919 + -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s + -4:00 Canada A%sT 1946 + -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1974 + -4:00 Canada A%sT +Zone America/Glace_Bay -3:59:48 - LMT 1902 Jun 15 + -4:00 Canada A%sT 1953 + -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1954 + -4:00 - AST 1972 + -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1974 + -4:00 Canada A%sT + +# New Brunswick + +# From Paul Eggert (2007-01-31): +# The Time Definition Act <http://www.gnb.ca/0062/PDF-acts/t-06.pdf> +# says they changed at 00:01 through 2006, and +# <http://www.canlii.org/nb/laws/sta/t-6/20030127/whole.html> makes it +# clear that this was the case since at least 1993. +# For now, assume it started in 1993. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Moncton 1933 1935 - Jun Sun>=8 1:00 1:00 D +Rule Moncton 1933 1935 - Sep Sun>=8 1:00 0 S +Rule Moncton 1936 1938 - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 D +Rule Moncton 1936 1938 - Sep Sun>=1 1:00 0 S +Rule Moncton 1939 only - May 27 1:00 1:00 D +Rule Moncton 1939 1941 - Sep Sat>=21 1:00 0 S +Rule Moncton 1940 only - May 19 1:00 1:00 D +Rule Moncton 1941 only - May 4 1:00 1:00 D +Rule Moncton 1946 1972 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Moncton 1946 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Moncton 1957 1972 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Moncton 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D +Rule Moncton 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:01 0 S +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Moncton -4:19:08 - LMT 1883 Dec 9 + -5:00 - EST 1902 Jun 15 + -4:00 Canada A%sT 1933 + -4:00 Moncton A%sT 1942 + -4:00 Canada A%sT 1946 + -4:00 Moncton A%sT 1973 + -4:00 Canada A%sT 1993 + -4:00 Moncton A%sT 2007 + -4:00 Canada A%sT + +# Quebec + +# From Paul Eggert (2020-01-10): +# See America/Toronto for most of Quebec, including Montreal. +# See America/Halifax for the Îles de la Madeleine and the Listuguj reserve. +# See America/Puerto_Rico for east of Natashquan. + +# Ontario + +# From Mark Brader (2003-07-26): +# [According to the Toronto Star] Orillia, Ontario, adopted DST +# effective Saturday, 1912-06-22, 22:00; the article mentions that +# Port Arthur (now part of Thunder Bay, Ontario) as well as Moose Jaw +# have already done so. In Orillia DST was to run until Saturday, +# 1912-08-31 (no time mentioned), but it was met with considerable +# hostility from certain segments of the public, and was revoked after +# only two weeks - I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but +# presumably that should be -07-06. (1912-06-19, -07-12; also letters +# earlier in June). +# +# Kenora, Ontario, was to abandon DST on 1914-06-01 (-05-21). +# +# From Paul Eggert (2017-07-08): +# For more on Orillia, see: Daubs K. Bold attempt at daylight saving +# time became a comic failure in Orillia. Toronto Star 2017-07-08. +# https://www.thestar.com/news/insight/2017/07/08/bold-attempt-at-daylight-saving-time-became-a-comic-failure-in-orillia.html + +# From Mark Brader (2010-03-06): +# +# In the (Toronto) Globe and Mail for Saturday, 1955-09-24, in the bottom +# right corner of page 1, it says that Toronto will return to standard +# time at 2 am Sunday morning (which agrees with the database), and that: +# +# The one-hour setback will go into effect throughout most of Ontario, +# except in areas like Windsor which remains on standard time all year. +# +# ... I don't know if Windsor began observing DST when Detroit did, +# or in 1974, or on some other date. +# +# By the way, the article continues by noting that: +# +# Some cities in the United States have pushed the deadline back +# three weeks and will change over from daylight saving in October. + +# From Chris Walton (2024-01-09): +# The [Toronto] changes in 1947, 1948, and 1949 took place at 2:00 a.m. local +# time instead of midnight.... Toronto Daily Star - ... +# April 2, 1947 - Page 39 ... April 7, 1948 - Page 13 ... +# April 2, 1949 - Page 1 ... April 7, 1949 - Page 24 ... +# November 25, 1949 - Page 52 ... April 21, 1950 - Page 14 ... +# September 19, 1950 - Page 46 ... September 20, 1950 - Page 3 ... +# November 24, 1950 - Page 21 + +# From Arthur David Olson (2010-07-17): +# +# "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" appeared in +# The Journal of The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, +# volume 26, number 2 (February 1932) and, as of 2010-07-17, +# was available at +# http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S +# +# It includes the text below (starting on page 57): +# +# A list of the places in Canada using daylight saving time would +# require yearly revision. From information kindly furnished by +# the provincial governments and by the postmasters in many cities +# and towns, it is found that the following places used daylight sav- +# ing in 1930. The information for the province of Quebec is definite, +# for the other provinces only approximate: +# +# Province Daylight saving time used +# Prince Edward Island Not used. +# Nova Scotia In Halifax only. +# New Brunswick In St. John only. +# Quebec In the following places: +# Montreal Lachine +# Quebec Mont-Royal +# Lévis Iberville +# St. Lambert Cap de la Madelèine +# Verdun Loretteville +# Westmount Richmond +# Outremont St. Jérôme +# Longueuil Greenfield Park +# Arvida Waterloo +# Chambly-Canton Beaulieu +# Melbourne La Tuque +# St. Théophile Buckingham +# Ontario Used generally in the cities and towns along +# the southerly part of the province. Not +# used in the northwesterly part. +# Manitoba Not used. +# Saskatchewan In Regina only. +# Alberta Not used. +# British Columbia Not used. +# +# With some exceptions, the use of daylight saving may be said to be limited +# to those cities and towns lying between Quebec city and Windsor, Ont. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Toronto 1919 only - Mar 30 23:30 1:00 D +Rule Toronto 1919 only - Oct 26 0:00 0 S +Rule Toronto 1920 only - May 2 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Toronto 1920 only - Sep 26 0:00 0 S +Rule Toronto 1921 only - May 15 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Toronto 1921 only - Sep 15 2:00 0 S +Rule Toronto 1922 1923 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D +# Shanks & Pottenger say 1923-09-19; assume it's a typo and that "-16" +# was meant. +Rule Toronto 1922 1926 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 S +Rule Toronto 1924 1927 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Toronto 1927 1937 - Sep Sun>=25 2:00 0 S +Rule Toronto 1928 1937 - Apr Sun>=25 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Toronto 1938 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Toronto 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Toronto 1945 1948 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Toronto 1946 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Toronto 1949 1950 - Nov lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Toronto 1951 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +# Shanks & Pottenger say Toronto ended DST a week early in 1971, +# namely on 1971-10-24, but Mark Brader wrote (2003-05-31) that this +# is wrong, and that he had confirmed it by checking the 1971-10-30 +# Toronto Star, which said that DST was ending 1971-10-31 as usual. +Rule Toronto 1957 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S + +# The Bahamas match Toronto since 1970. + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Toronto -5:17:32 - LMT 1895 + -5:00 Canada E%sT 1919 + -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s + -5:00 Canada E%sT 1946 + -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1974 + -5:00 Canada E%sT +# For Atikokan see America/Panama. + + +# Manitoba + +# From Rob Douglas (2006-04-06): +# the old Manitoba Time Act - as amended by Bill 2, assented to +# March 27, 1987 ... said ... +# "between two o'clock Central Standard Time in the morning of +# the first Sunday of April of each year and two o'clock Central +# Standard Time in the morning of the last Sunday of October next +# following, one hour in advance of Central Standard Time."... +# I believe that the English legislation [of the old time act] had +# been assented to (March 22, 1967).... +# Also, as far as I can tell, there was no order-in-council varying +# the time of Daylight Saving Time for 2005 and so the provisions of +# the 1987 version would apply - the changeover was at 2:00 Central +# Standard Time (i.e. not until 3:00 Central Daylight Time). + +# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-10): +# Shanks & Pottenger say Manitoba switched at 02:00 (not 02:00s) +# starting 1966. Since 02:00s is clearly correct for 1967 on, assume +# it was also 02:00s in 1966. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Winn 1916 only - Apr 23 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Winn 1916 only - Sep 17 0:00 0 S +Rule Winn 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Winn 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S +Rule Winn 1937 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Winn 1937 only - Sep 26 2:00 0 S +Rule Winn 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War +Rule Winn 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace +Rule Winn 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Winn 1946 only - May 12 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Winn 1946 only - Oct 13 2:00 0 S +Rule Winn 1947 1949 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Winn 1947 1949 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Winn 1950 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Winn 1950 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S +Rule Winn 1951 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Winn 1951 1958 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Winn 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Winn 1960 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Winn 1963 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Winn 1963 only - Sep 22 2:00 0 S +Rule Winn 1966 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule Winn 1966 2005 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 S +Rule Winn 1987 2005 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Winnipeg -6:28:36 - LMT 1887 Jul 16 + -6:00 Winn C%sT 2006 + -6:00 Canada C%sT + + +# Saskatchewan + +# From Mark Brader (2003-07-26): +# The first actual adoption of DST in Canada was at the municipal +# level. As the [Toronto] Star put it (1912-06-07), "While people +# elsewhere have long been talking of legislation to save daylight, +# the city of Moose Jaw [Saskatchewan] has acted on its own hook." +# DST in Moose Jaw began on Saturday, 1912-06-01 (no time mentioned: +# presumably late evening, as below), and would run until "the end of +# the summer". The discrepancy between municipal time and railroad +# time was noted. + +# From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27): +# Willett (1914-03) notes that DST "has been in operation ... in the +# City of Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, for one year." + +# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-25): +# Pearce's book says Regina observed DST in 1914-1917. No dates and times, +# unfortunately. It also says that in 1914 Saskatoon observed DST +# from 1 June to 6 July, and that DST was also tried out in Davidson, +# Melfort, and Prince Albert. + +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# Shanks & Pottenger say that since 1970 this region has mostly been as Regina. +# Some western towns (e.g. Swift Current) switched from MST/MDT to CST in 1972. +# Other western towns (e.g. Lloydminster) are like Edmonton. +# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Denare Beach and Creighton +# are like Winnipeg, in violation of Saskatchewan law. + +# From W. Jones (1992-11-06): +# The. . .below is based on information I got from our law library, the +# provincial archives, and the provincial Community Services department. +# A precise history would require digging through newspaper archives, and +# since you didn't say what you wanted, I didn't bother. +# +# Saskatchewan is split by a time zone meridian (105W) and over the years +# the boundary became pretty ragged as communities near it reevaluated +# their affiliations in one direction or the other. In 1965 a provincial +# referendum favoured legislating common time practices. +# +# On 15 April 1966 the Time Act (c. T-14, Revised Statutes of +# Saskatchewan 1978) was proclaimed, and established that the eastern +# part of Saskatchewan would use CST year round, that districts in +# northwest Saskatchewan would by default follow CST but could opt to +# follow Mountain Time rules (thus 1 hour difference in the winter and +# zero in the summer), and that districts in southwest Saskatchewan would +# by default follow MT but could opt to follow CST. +# +# It took a few years for the dust to settle (I know one story of a town +# on one time zone having its school in another, such that a mom had to +# serve her family lunch in two shifts), but presently it seems that only +# a few towns on the border with Alberta (e.g. Lloydminster) follow MT +# rules any more; all other districts appear to have used CST year round +# since sometime in the 1960s. + +# From Chris Walton (2006-06-26): +# The Saskatchewan time act which was last updated in 1996 is about 30 pages +# long and rather painful to read. +# http://www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/English/Statutes/Statutes/T14.pdf + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Regina 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Regina 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S +Rule Regina 1930 1934 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Regina 1930 1934 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S +Rule Regina 1937 1941 - Apr Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Regina 1937 only - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S +Rule Regina 1938 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S +Rule Regina 1939 1941 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S +Rule Regina 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War +Rule Regina 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace +Rule Regina 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Regina 1946 only - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Regina 1946 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0 S +Rule Regina 1947 1957 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Regina 1947 1957 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Regina 1959 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Regina 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +# +Rule Swift 1957 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Swift 1957 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Swift 1959 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Swift 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Swift 1960 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Regina -6:58:36 - LMT 1905 Sep + -7:00 Regina M%sT 1960 Apr lastSun 2:00 + -6:00 - CST +Zone America/Swift_Current -7:11:20 - LMT 1905 Sep + -7:00 Canada M%sT 1946 Apr lastSun 2:00 + -7:00 Regina M%sT 1950 + -7:00 Swift M%sT 1972 Apr lastSun 2:00 + -6:00 - CST + + +# Alberta + +# From Alois Treindl (2019-07-19): +# There was no DST in Alberta in 1967... Calgary Herald, 29 April 1967. +# 1969, no DST, from Edmonton Journal 18 April 1969 +# +# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-25): +# Pearce's book says that Alberta's 1948 Daylight Saving Act required +# Mountain Standard Time without DST, and that "anyone who broke that law +# could be fined up to $25 and costs". There seems to be no record of +# anybody paying the fine. The law was not changed until an August 1971 +# plebiscite reinstituted DST in 1972. This story is also mentioned in: +# Boyer JP. Forcing Choice: The Risky Reward of Referendums. Dundum. 2017. +# ISBN 978-1459739123. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Edm 1918 1919 - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Edm 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S +Rule Edm 1919 only - May 27 2:00 0 S +Rule Edm 1920 1923 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Edm 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Edm 1921 1923 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Edm 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War +Rule Edm 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace +Rule Edm 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Edm 1947 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Edm 1947 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Edm 1972 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Edm 1972 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Edmonton -7:33:52 - LMT 1906 Sep + -7:00 Edm M%sT 1987 + -7:00 Canada M%sT + + +# British Columbia + +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has +# been like Vancouver. +# Dawson Creek uses MST. Much of east BC is like Edmonton. + +# From Matt Johnson (2015-09-21): +# Fort Nelson, BC, Canada will cancel DST this year. So while previously they +# were aligned with America/Vancouver, they're now aligned with +# America/Dawson_Creek. +# http://www.northernrockies.ca/EN/meta/news/archives/2015/northern-rockies-time-change.html +# +# From Tim Parenti (2015-09-23): +# This requires a new zone for the Northern Rockies Regional Municipality, +# America/Fort_Nelson. The resolution of 2014-12-08 was reached following a +# 2014-11-15 poll with nearly 75% support. Effectively, the municipality has +# been on MST (-0700) like Dawson Creek since it advanced its clocks on +# 2015-03-08. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-25): +# Shanks says Fort Nelson did not observe DST in 1946, unlike Vancouver. +# Alois Treindl confirmed this on 07-22, citing the 1946-04-27 Vancouver Daily +# Province. He also cited the 1946-09-28 Victoria Daily Times, which said +# that Vancouver, Victoria, etc. "change at midnight Saturday"; for now, +# guess they meant 02:00 Sunday since 02:00 was common practice in Vancouver. +# +# Early Vancouver, Volume Four, by Major J.S. Matthews, V.D., 2011 edition +# says that a 1922 plebiscite adopted DST, but a 1923 plebiscite rejected it. +# http://former.vancouver.ca/ctyclerk/archives/digitized/EarlyVan/SearchEarlyVan/Vol4pdf/MatthewsEarlyVancouverVol4_DaylightSavings.pdf +# A catalog entry for a newspaper clipping seems to indicate that Vancouver +# observed DST in 1941 from 07-07 through 09-27; see +# https://searcharchives.vancouver.ca/daylight-saving-1918-starts-again-july-7-1941-start-d-s-sept-27-end-of-d-s-1941 +# We have no further details, so omit them for now. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Vanc 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Vanc 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S +Rule Vanc 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War +Rule Vanc 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace +Rule Vanc 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S +Rule Vanc 1946 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Vanc 1946 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 S +Rule Vanc 1947 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Vanc 1962 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Vancouver -8:12:28 - LMT 1884 + -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1987 + -8:00 Canada P%sT +Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 - LMT 1884 + -8:00 Canada P%sT 1947 + -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1972 Aug 30 2:00 + -7:00 - MST +Zone America/Fort_Nelson -8:10:47 - LMT 1884 + -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1946 + -8:00 - PST 1947 + -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1987 + -8:00 Canada P%sT 2015 Mar 8 2:00 + -7:00 - MST +# For Creston see America/Phoenix. + +# Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon + +# From Chris Walton (2022-11-06): +# Whitehorse Star - Thursday April 22, 1965 - page 1 +# title: DST Starts Monday ... +# https://www.newspapers.com/image/578587481/ +# The title of this first article is wrong and/or misleading. +# Also, the start time shown in the article is vague; it simply says "after +# midnight" when it probably should have stated 2:00a.m.... +# +# Whitehorse Star - Monday October 25, 1965 - page 15 ... +# https://www.newspapers.com/image/578589147/ +# The 1965 Yukon Council minutes can be found here: +# http://assets.yukonarchives.ca/PER_YG_06_1965_C20_S02_v1.pdf +# ... I do not currently believe that NWT touched any of its clocks in 1965.... +# +# Whitehorse Star - Thursday Feb 24,1966 - page 2 +# title: It's Time for YDT ... +# https://www.newspapers.com/image/578575979/ ... +# America/Whitehorse as a permanent change from UTC-9(YST) to +# UTC-8(PST) at 00:00 on Sunday February 27, 1966.... +# +# Whitehorse Star - Friday April 28,1972 - page 6 +# title: Daylight Saving Time for N.W.T.... +# https://www.newspapers.com/image/578701610/ ... +# Nunavut and NWT zones ... DST starting in 1972.... Start and End ... +# should be the same as the rest of Canada +# +# +# From Paul Eggert (2022-11-06): +# For now, assume Yukon's 1965-04-22 spring forward was 00:00 -> 02:00, as this +# seems likely than 02:00 -> 04:00 and matches "after midnight". + +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# Dawson switched to PST in 1973. Inuvik switched to MST in 1979. +# Mathew Englander (1996-10-07) gives the following refs: +# * 1967. Paragraph 28(34)(g) of the Interpretation Act, S.C. 1967-68, +# c. 7 defines Yukon standard time as UTC-9.... +# see Interpretation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-21, s. 35(1). +# [https://www.canlii.org/en/ca/laws/stat/rsc-1985-c-i-21/latest/rsc-1985-c-i-21.html] +# * C.O. 1973/214 switched Yukon to PST on 1973-10-28 00:00. +# * O.I.C. 1980/02 established DST. +# * O.I.C. 1987/056 changed DST to Apr firstSun 2:00 to Oct lastSun 2:00. + +# From Brian Inglis (2015-04-14): +# +# I tried to trace the history of Yukon time and found the following +# regulations, giving the reference title and URL if found, regulation name, +# and relevant quote if available. Each regulation specifically revokes its +# predecessor. The final reference is to the current Interpretation Act +# authorizing and resulting from these regulatory changes. +# +# Only recent regulations were retrievable via Yukon government site search or +# index, and only some via Canadian legal sources. Other sources used include +# articles titled "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" from JRASC via ADS +# Abstracts, cited by ADO for 1932 ..., and updated versions from 1958 and +# 1970 quoted below; each article includes current extracts from provincial +# and territorial ST and DST regulations at the end, summaries and details of +# standard times and daylight saving time at many locations across Canada, +# with time zone maps, tables and calculations for Canadian Sunrise, Sunset, +# and LMST; they also cover many countries and global locations, with a chart +# and table showing current Universal Time offsets, and may be useful as +# another source of information for 1970 and earlier. +# +# * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Smith, C.C.; JRASC, Vol. 26, +# pp.49-77; February 1932; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) +# http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1932JRASC..26...49S from p.75: +# Yukon Interpretation Ordinance +# Yukon standard time is the local mean time at the one hundred and +# thirty-fifth meridian. +# +# * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Smith, C.C.; Thomson, Malcolm M.; +# JRASC, Vol. 52, pp.193-223; October 1958; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System +# (ADS) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1958JRASC..52..193S from pp.220-1: +# Yukon Interpretation Ordinance, 1955, Chap. 16. +# +# (1) Subject to this section, standard time shall be reckoned as nine +# hours behind Greenwich Time and called Yukon Standard Time. +# +# (2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), the Commissioner may make regulations +# varying the manner of reckoning standard time. +# +# * Yukon Territory Commissioner's Order 1966-20 Interpretation Ordinance +# [no online source found] +# +# * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Thomson, Malcolm M.; JRASC, +# Vol. 64, pp.129-162; June 1970; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) +# http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1970JRASC..64..129T from p.156: Yukon +# Territory Commissioner's Order 1967-59 Interpretation Ordinance ... +# +# 1. Commissioner's Order 1966-20 dated at Whitehorse in the Yukon +# Territory on 27th January, 1966, is hereby revoked. +# +# 2. Yukon (East) Standard Time as defined by section 36 of the +# Interpretation Ordinance from and after mid-night on the 28th day of May, +# 1967 shall be reckoned in the same manner as Pacific Standard Time, that +# is to say, eight hours behind Greenwich Time in the area of the Yukon +# Territory lying east of the 138th degree longitude west. +# +# 3. In the remainder of the Territory, lying west of the 138th degree +# longitude west, Yukon (West) Standard Time shall be reckoned as nine +# hours behind Greenwich Time. +# +# * Yukon Standard Time defined as Pacific Standard Time, YCO 1973/214 +# https://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yco-1973-214/latest/yco-1973-214.html +# C.O. 1973/214 INTERPRETATION ACT ... +# +# 1. Effective October 28, 1973 Commissioner's Order 1967/59 is hereby +# revoked. +# +# 2. Yukon Standard Time as defined by section 36 of the Interpretation +# Act from and after midnight on the twenty-eighth day of October, 1973 +# shall be reckoned in the same manner as Pacific Standard Time, that is +# to say eight hours behind Greenwich Time. +# +# * O.I.C. 1980/02 INTERPRETATION ACT +# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/attachments/20201125/d5adc93b/CAYTOIC1980-02DST1980-01-04-0001.pdf +# +# * Yukon Daylight Saving Time, YOIC 1987/56 +# https://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yoic-1987-56/latest/yoic-1987-56.html +# O.I.C. 1987/056 INTERPRETATION ACT ... +# +# In every year between +# (a) two o'clock in the morning in the first Sunday in April, and +# (b) two o'clock in the morning in the last Sunday in October, +# Standard Time shall be reckoned as seven hours behind Greenwich Time and +# called Yukon Daylight Saving Time. +# ... +# Dated ... 9th day of March, A.D., 1987. +# +# * Yukon Daylight Saving Time 2006, YOIC 2006/127 +# https://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yoic-2006-127/latest/yoic-2006-127.html +# O.I.C. 2006/127 INTERPRETATION ACT ... +# +# 1. In Yukon each year the time for general purposes shall be 7 hours +# behind Greenwich mean time during the period commencing at two o'clock +# in the forenoon on the second Sunday of March and ending at two o'clock +# in the forenoon on the first Sunday of November and shall be called +# Yukon Daylight Saving Time. +# +# 2. Order-in-Council 1987/56 is revoked. +# +# 3. This order comes into force January 1, 2007. +# +# * Interpretation Act, RSY 2002, c 125 +# https://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/stat/rsy-2002-c-125/latest/rsy-2002-c-125.html + +# From Chris Walton (2022-11-06): +# The 5th edition of the Atlas of Canada contains a time zone map that +# shows both legislated and observed time zone boundaries. +# All communities on Baffin Island are shown to be observing Eastern time. +# The date on the map is 1984. +# https://ftp.maps.canada.ca/pub/nrcan_rncan/raster/atlas_5_ed/eng/other/referencemaps/mcr4056.pdf + +# From Rives McDow (1999-09-04): +# Nunavut ... moved ... to incorporate the whole territory into one time zone. +# Nunavut moves to single time zone Oct. 31 +# http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt90903_13.html + +# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): +# Basic Facts: The New Territory +# http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html +# (1999) reports that ... Coral Harbour does not observe DST. + +# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): +# Matthews and Vincent (1998) say the following, but we lack histories +# for these potential new Zones. +# +# The Canadian Forces station at Alert uses Eastern Time while the +# handful of residents at the Eureka weather station [in the Central +# zone] skip daylight savings. Baffin Island, which is crossed by the +# Central, Eastern and Atlantic Time zones only uses Eastern Time. +# Gjoa Haven, Taloyoak and Pelly Bay all use Mountain instead of +# Central Time and Southampton Island [in the Central zone] is not +# required to use daylight savings. + +# From <http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/archives/nunavut001130/nvt21110_02.html> +# Nunavut now has two time zones (2000-11-10): +# The Nunavut government would allow its employees in Kugluktuk and +# Cambridge Bay to operate on central time year-round, putting them +# one hour behind the rest of Nunavut for six months during the winter. +# At the end of October the two communities had rebelled against +# Nunavut's unified time zone, refusing to shift to eastern time with +# the rest of the territory for the winter. Cambridge Bay remained on +# central time, while Kugluktuk, even farther west, reverted to +# mountain time, which they had used before the advent of Nunavut's +# unified time zone in 1999. +# +# From Rives McDow (2001-01-20), quoting the Nunavut government: +# The preceding decision came into effect at midnight, Saturday Nov 4, 2000. + +# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): +# Let's just keep track of the official times for now. + +# From Rives McDow (2001-03-07): +# The premier of Nunavut has issued a ministerial statement advising +# that effective 2001-04-01, the territory of Nunavut will revert +# back to three time zones (mountain, central, and eastern). Of the +# cities in Nunavut, Coral Harbor is the only one that I know of that +# has said it will not observe dst, staying on EST year round. I'm +# checking for more info, and will get back to you if I come up with +# more. +# [Also see <http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt10309_06.html> (2001-03-09).] + +# From Gwillim Law (2005-05-21): +# According to ... +# http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp +# (from a 1998 Canadian Geographic article), the de facto and de jure time +# for Southampton Island (at the north end of Hudson Bay) is UTC-5 all year +# round. Using Google, it's easy to find other websites that confirm this. +# I wasn't able to find how far back this time regimen goes, but since it +# predates the creation of Nunavut, it probably goes back many years.... +# The Inuktitut name of Coral Harbour is Sallit, but it's rarely used. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-17): +# For lack of better information, assume that Southampton Island observed +# daylight saving only during wartime. Gwillim Law's email also +# mentioned maps now maintained by National Research Council Canada; +# see above for an up-to-date link. + +# From Chris Walton (2007-03-01): +# ... the community of Resolute (located on Cornwallis Island in +# Nunavut) moved from Central Time to Eastern Time last November. +# Basically the community did not change its clocks at the end of +# daylight saving.... +# http://www.nnsl.com/frames/newspapers/2006-11/nov13_06none.html + +# From Chris Walton (2011-03-21): +# Back in 2007 I initiated the creation of a new "zone file" for Resolute +# Bay. Resolute Bay is a small community located about 900km north of +# the Arctic Circle. The zone file was required because Resolute Bay had +# decided to use UTC-5 instead of UTC-6 for the winter of 2006-2007. +# +# According to new information which I received last week, Resolute Bay +# went back to using UTC-6 in the winter of 2007-2008... +# +# On March 11/2007 most of Canada went onto daylight saving. On March +# 14/2007 I phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office to do a "time check." I +# talked to somebody that was both knowledgeable and helpful. I was able +# to confirm that Resolute Bay was still operating on UTC-5. It was +# explained to me that Resolute Bay had been on the Eastern Time zone +# (EST) in the winter, and was now back on the Central Time zone (CDT). +# i.e. the time zone had changed twice in the last year but the clocks +# had not moved. The residents had to know which time zone they were in +# so they could follow the correct TV schedule... +# +# On Nov 02/2008 most of Canada went onto standard time. On Nov 03/2008 I +# phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office...[D]ue to the challenging nature +# of the phone call, I decided to seek out an alternate source of +# information. I found an e-mail address for somebody by the name of +# Stephanie Adams whose job was listed as "Inns North Support Officer for +# Arctic Co-operatives." I was under the impression that Stephanie lived +# and worked in Resolute Bay... +# +# On March 14/2011 I phoned the hamlet office again. I was told that +# Resolute Bay had been using Central Standard Time over the winter of +# 2010-2011 and that the clocks had therefore been moved one hour ahead +# on March 13/2011. The person I talked to was aware that Resolute Bay +# had previously experimented with Eastern Standard Time but he could not +# tell me when the practice had stopped. +# +# On March 17/2011 I searched the Web to find an e-mail address of +# somebody that might be able to tell me exactly when Resolute Bay went +# off Eastern Standard Time. I stumbled on the name "Aziz Kheraj." Aziz +# used to be the mayor of Resolute Bay and he apparently owns half the +# businesses including "South Camp Inn." This website has some info on +# Aziz: +# http://www.uphere.ca/node/493 +# +# I sent Aziz an e-mail asking when Resolute Bay had stopped using +# Eastern Standard Time. +# +# Aziz responded quickly with this: "hi, The time was not changed for the +# 1 year only, the following year, the community went back to the old way +# of "spring ahead-fall behind" currently we are zulu plus 5 hrs and in +# the winter Zulu plus 6 hrs" +# +# This of course conflicted with everything I had ascertained in November 2008. +# +# I sent Aziz a copy of my 2008 e-mail exchange with Stephanie. Aziz +# responded with this: "Hi, Stephanie lives in Winnipeg. I live here, You +# may want to check with the weather office in Resolute Bay or do a +# search on the weather through Env. Canada. web site" +# +# If I had realized the Stephanie did not live in Resolute Bay I would +# never have contacted her. I now believe that all the information I +# obtained in November 2008 should be ignored... +# I apologize for reporting incorrect information in 2008. + +# From Tim Parenti (2020-03-05): +# The government of Yukon announced [yesterday] the cessation of seasonal time +# changes. "After clocks are pushed ahead one hour on March 8, the territory +# will remain on [UTC-07]. ... [The government] found 93 per cent of +# respondents wanted to end seasonal time changes and, of that group, 70 per +# cent wanted 'permanent Pacific Daylight Saving Time.'" +# https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/yukon-end-daylight-saving-time-1.5486358 +# +# Although the government press release prefers PDT, we prefer MST for +# consistency with nearby Dawson Creek, Creston, and Fort Nelson. +# https://yukon.ca/en/news/yukon-end-seasonal-time-change + +# From Andrew G. Smith (2020-09-24): +# Yukon has completed its regulatory change to be on UTC -7 year-round.... +# http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic2020_125.pdf +# What we have done is re-defined Yukon Standard Time, as we are +# authorized to do under section 33 of our Interpretation Act: +# http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/acts/interpretation_c.pdf +# +# From Paul Eggert (2020-09-24): +# tzdb uses the obsolete YST abbreviation for standard time in Yukon through +# about 1970, and uses PST for standard time in Yukon since then. Consistent +# with that, use MST for -07, the new standard time in Yukon effective Nov. 1. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D +Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S +Rule NT_YK 1919 only - May 25 2:00 1:00 D +Rule NT_YK 1919 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S +Rule NT_YK 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War +Rule NT_YK 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace +Rule NT_YK 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S +Rule NT_YK 1972 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule NT_YK 1972 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule NT_YK 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Yukon 1965 only - Apr lastSun 0:00 2:00 DD +Rule Yukon 1965 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +# formerly Frobisher Bay +Zone America/Iqaluit 0 - -00 1942 Aug # Frobisher Bay est. + -5:00 NT_YK E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00 + -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00 + -5:00 Canada E%sT +# aka Qausuittuq +Zone America/Resolute 0 - -00 1947 Aug 31 # Resolute founded + -6:00 NT_YK C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00 + -5:00 - EST 2001 Apr 1 3:00 + -6:00 Canada C%sT 2006 Oct 29 2:00 + -5:00 - EST 2007 Mar 11 3:00 + -6:00 Canada C%sT +# aka Kangiqiniq +Zone America/Rankin_Inlet 0 - -00 1957 # Rankin Inlet founded + -6:00 NT_YK C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00 + -5:00 - EST 2001 Apr 1 3:00 + -6:00 Canada C%sT +# aka Iqaluktuuttiaq +Zone America/Cambridge_Bay 0 - -00 1920 # trading post est.? + -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00 + -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00 + -5:00 - EST 2000 Nov 5 0:00 + -6:00 - CST 2001 Apr 1 3:00 + -7:00 Canada M%sT +Zone America/Inuvik 0 - -00 1953 # Inuvik founded + -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1979 Apr lastSun 2:00 + -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1980 + -7:00 Canada M%sT +Zone America/Whitehorse -9:00:12 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 + -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1965 + -9:00 Yukon Y%sT 1966 Feb 27 0:00 + -8:00 - PST 1980 + -8:00 Canada P%sT 2020 Nov 1 + -7:00 - MST +Zone America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 + -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1965 + -9:00 Yukon Y%sT 1973 Oct 28 0:00 + -8:00 - PST 1980 + -8:00 Canada P%sT 2020 Nov 1 + -7:00 - MST + + +############################################################################### + +# Mexico + +# From Paul Eggert (2014-12-07): +# The Investigation and Analysis Service of the +# Mexican Library of Congress (MLoC) has published a +# history of Mexican local time (in Spanish) +# http://www.diputados.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/index.htm +# +# Here are the discrepancies between Shanks & Pottenger (S&P) and the MLoC. +# (In all cases we go with the MLoC.) +# S&P report that Baja was at -8:00 in 1922/1923. +# S&P say the 1930 transition in Baja was 1930-11-16. +# S&P report no DST during summer 1931. +# S&P report a transition at 1932-03-30 23:00, not 1932-04-01. + +# From Gwillim Law (2001-02-20): +# There are some other discrepancies between the Decrees page and the +# tz database. I think they can best be explained by supposing that +# the researchers who prepared the Decrees page failed to find some of +# the relevant documents. + +# From Alan Perry (1996-02-15): +# A guy from our Mexico subsidiary finally found the Presidential Decree +# outlining the timezone changes in Mexico. +# +# ------------- Begin Forwarded Message ------------- +# +# I finally got my hands on the Official Presidential Decree that sets up the +# rules for the DST changes. The rules are: +# +# 1. The country is divided in 3 timezones: +# - Baja California Norte (the Mexico/BajaNorte TZ) +# - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa and Sonora (the Mexico/BajaSur TZ) +# - The rest of the country (the Mexico/General TZ) +# +# 2. From the first Sunday in April at 2:00 AM to the last Sunday in October +# at 2:00 AM, the times in each zone are as follows: +# BajaNorte: GMT+7 +# BajaSur: GMT+6 +# General: GMT+5 +# +# 3. The rest of the year, the times are as follows: +# BajaNorte: GMT+8 +# BajaSur: GMT+7 +# General: GMT+6 +# +# The Decree was published in Mexico's Official Newspaper on January 4th. +# +# -------------- End Forwarded Message -------------- +# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12): +# For an English translation of the decree, see +# "Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover" (1996-01-04). +# http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html + +# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): +# The State of Quintana Roo has reverted back to central STD and DST times +# (i.e. UTC -0600 and -0500 as of 1998-08-02). + +# From Rives McDow (2000-01-10): +# Effective April 4, 1999 at 2:00 AM local time, Sonora changed to the time +# zone 5 hours from the International Date Line, and will not observe daylight +# savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of +# Arizona year round. + +# From Jesper Nørgaard, translating +# <http://www.reforma.com/nacional/articulo/064327/> (2001-01-17): +# In Oaxaca, the 55.000 teachers from the Section 22 of the National +# Syndicate of Education Workers, refuse to apply daylight saving each +# year, so that the more than 10,000 schools work at normal hour the +# whole year. + +# From Gwillim Law (2001-01-19): +# <http://www.reforma.com/negocios_y_dinero/articulo/064481/> ... says +# (translated):... +# January 17, 2000 - The Energy Secretary, Ernesto Martens, announced +# that Summer Time will be reduced from seven to five months, starting +# this year.... +# http://www.publico.com.mx/scripts/texto3.asp?action=pagina&pag=21&pos=p&secc=naci&date=01/17/2001 +# [translated], says "summer time will ... take effect on the first Sunday +# in May, and end on the last Sunday of September. + +# From Arthur David Olson (2001-01-25): +# The 2001-01-24 traditional Washington Post contained the page one +# story "Timely Issue Divides Mexicans."... +# http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A37383-2001Jan23.html +# ... Mexico City Mayor López Obrador "...is threatening to keep +# Mexico City and its 20 million residents on a different time than +# the rest of the country..." In particular, López Obrador would abolish +# observation of Daylight Saving Time. + +# Official statute published by the Energy Department +# http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/decretohorver2001.html#decre +# (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules, +# and Sonora with no DST. This was reported by Jesper Nørgaard (2001-02-03). + +# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03): +# +# https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-03-mn-32561-story.html +# James F. Smith writes in today's LA Times +# * Sonora will continue to observe standard time. +# * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andrés Manuel López Obrador decreed that +# the Federal District will not adopt DST. +# * 4 of 16 district leaders announced they'll ignore the decree. +# * The decree does not affect federal-controlled facilities including +# the airport, banks, hospitals, and schools. +# +# For now we'll assume that the Federal District will bow to federal rules. + +# From Jesper Nørgaard (2001-04-01): +# I found some references to the Mexican application of daylight +# saving, which modifies what I had already sent you, stating earlier +# that a number of northern Mexican states would go on daylight +# saving. The modification reverts this to only cover Baja California +# (Norte), while all other states (except Sonora, who has no daylight +# saving all year) will follow the original decree of president +# Vicente Fox, starting daylight saving May 6, 2001 and ending +# September 30, 2001. +# References: "Diario de Monterrey" <http://www.diariodemonterrey.com/index.asp> +# Palabra <http://palabra.infosel.com/010331/primera/ppri3101.pdf> (2001-03-31) + +# From Reuters (2001-09-04): +# Mexico's Supreme Court on Tuesday declared that daylight savings was +# unconstitutional in Mexico City, creating the possibility the +# capital will be in a different time zone from the rest of the nation +# next year.... The Supreme Court's ruling takes effect at 2:00 +# a.m. (0800 GMT) on Sept. 30, when Mexico is scheduled to revert to +# standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not +# subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said. + +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2002-03-12): +# ... consulting my local grocery store(!) and my coworkers, they all insisted +# that a new decision had been made to reinstate US style DST in Mexico.... +# http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/horaver2001_m1_2002.html (2002-02-20) +# confirms this. Sonora as usual is the only state where DST is not applied. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-12-28): +# +# Steffen Thorsen wrote: +# > Mexico's House of Representatives has approved a proposal for northern +# > Mexico's border cities to share the same daylight saving schedule as +# > the United States. +# Now this has passed both the Congress and the Senate, so starting from +# 2010, some border regions will be the same: +# http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/dec/28/clocks-will-match-both-sides-border/ +# http://www.elmananarey.com/diario/noticia/nacional/noticias/empatan_horario_de_frontera_con_eu/621939 +# (Spanish) +# +# Could not find the new law text, but the proposed law text changes are here: +# http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/20091210-V.pdf +# (Gaceta Parlamentaria) +# +# There is also a list of the votes here: +# http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/V2-101209.html +# +# Our page: +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/north-mexico-dst-change.html + +# From Arthur David Olson (2010-01-20): +# The page +# http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010 +# includes this text: +# En los municipios fronterizos de Tijuana y Mexicali en Baja California; +# Juárez y Ojinaga en Chihuahua; Acuña y Piedras Negras en Coahuila; +# Anáhuac en Nuevo León; y Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa y Matamoros en +# Tamaulipas, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá efecto +# desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a las dos +# horas del primer domingo de noviembre. +# En los municipios fronterizos que se encuentren ubicados en la franja +# fronteriza norte en el territorio comprendido entre la línea +# internacional y la línea paralela ubicada a una distancia de veinte +# kilómetros, así como la Ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, hacia el +# interior del país, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá +# efecto desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a +# las dos horas del primer domingo de noviembre. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2014-12-08), translated by Gwillim Law: +# The Mexican state of Quintana Roo will likely change to EST in 2015. +# +# http://www.unioncancun.mx/articulo/2014/12/04/medio-ambiente/congreso-aprueba-una-hora-mas-de-sol-en-qroo +# "With this change, the time conflict that has existed between the municipios +# of Quintana Roo and the municipio of Felipe Carrillo Puerto may come to an +# end. The latter declared itself in rebellion 15 years ago when a time change +# was initiated in Mexico, and since then it has refused to change its time +# zone along with the rest of the country." +# +# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-01-14), translated by Gwillim Law: +# http://sipse.com/novedades/confirman-aplicacion-de-nueva-zona-horaria-para-quintana-roo-132331.html +# "...the new time zone will come into effect at two o'clock on the first Sunday +# of February, when we will have to advance the clock one hour from its current +# time..." +# Also, the new zone will not use DST. +# +# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2015-02-02): +# The decree that modifies the Mexican Hour System Law has finally +# been published at the Diario Oficial de la Federación +# http://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5380123&fecha=31/01/2015 +# It establishes 5 zones for Mexico: +# 1- Zona Centro (Central Zone): Corresponds to longitude 90 W, +# includes most of Mexico, excluding what's mentioned below. +# 2- Zona Pacífico (Pacific Zone): Longitude 105 W, includes the +# states of Baja California Sur; Chihuahua; Nayarit (excluding Bahía +# de Banderas which lies in Central Zone); Sinaloa and Sonora. +# 3- Zona Noroeste (Northwest Zone): Longitude 120 W, includes the +# state of Baja California. +# 4- Zona Sureste (Southeast Zone): Longitude 75 W, includes the state +# of Quintana Roo. +# 5- The islands, reefs and keys shall take their timezone from the +# longitude they are located at. + +# From Paul Eggert (2022-10-28): +# The new Mexican law was published today: +# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5670045&fecha=28/10/2022 +# This abolishes DST except where US DST rules are observed, +# and in addition changes all of Chihuahua to -06 with no DST. + +# From Heitor David Pinto (2022-11-28): +# Now the northern [municipios] want to have the same time zone as the +# respective neighboring cities in the US, for example Juárez in UTC-7 with +# DST, matching El Paso, and Ojinaga in UTC-6 with DST, matching Presidio.... +# the president authorized the publication of the decree for November 29, +# so the time change would occur on November 30 at 0:00. +# http://puentelibre.mx/noticia/ciudad_juarez_cambio_horario_noviembre_2022/ + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Mexico 1931 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 D +Rule Mexico 1931 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Mexico 1939 only - Feb 5 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Mexico 1939 only - Jun 25 0:00 0 S +Rule Mexico 1940 only - Dec 9 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Mexico 1941 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Mexico 1943 only - Dec 16 0:00 1:00 W # War +Rule Mexico 1944 only - May 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Mexico 1950 only - Feb 12 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Mexico 1950 only - Jul 30 0:00 0 S +Rule Mexico 1996 2000 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Mexico 1996 2000 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Mexico 2001 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Mexico 2001 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Mexico 2002 2022 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Mexico 2002 2022 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +# Quintana Roo; represented by Cancún +Zone America/Cancun -5:47:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 6:00u + -6:00 - CST 1981 Dec 23 + -5:00 Mexico E%sT 1998 Aug 2 2:00 + -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2015 Feb 1 2:00 + -5:00 - EST +# Campeche, Yucatán; represented by Mérida +Zone America/Merida -5:58:28 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 6:00u + -6:00 - CST 1981 Dec 23 + -5:00 - EST 1982 Dec 2 + -6:00 Mexico C%sT +# Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (near US border) +# This includes the following municipios: +# in Coahuila: Acuña, Allende, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jiménez, Morelos, Nava, +# Ocampo, Piedras Negras, Villa Unión, Zaragoza +# in Nuevo León: Anáhuac +# in Tamaulipas: Nuevo Laredo, Guerrero, Mier, Miguel Alemán, Camargo, +# Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, Reynosa, Río Bravo, Valle Hermoso, Matamoros. +# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5670045&fecha=28/10/2022 +Zone America/Matamoros -6:30:00 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 6:00u + -6:00 - CST 1988 + -6:00 US C%sT 1989 + -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2010 + -6:00 US C%sT +# Durango; Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (away from US border) +Zone America/Monterrey -6:41:16 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 6:00u + -6:00 - CST 1988 + -6:00 US C%sT 1989 + -6:00 Mexico C%sT +# Central Mexico +Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 7:00u + -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 + -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15 + -7:00 Mexico M%sT 1932 Apr 1 + -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2001 Sep 30 2:00 + -6:00 - CST 2002 Feb 20 + -6:00 Mexico C%sT +# Chihuahua (near US border - western side) +# This includes the municipios of Janos, Ascensión, Juárez, Guadalupe, and +# Práxedis G Guerrero. +# http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/PDF/65/2a022/nov/20221124-VII.pdf +Zone America/Ciudad_Juarez -7:05:56 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 7:00u + -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 + -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15 + -7:00 Mexico M%sT 1932 Apr 1 + -6:00 - CST 1996 + -6:00 Mexico C%sT 1998 + -6:00 - CST 1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00 + -7:00 Mexico M%sT 2010 + -7:00 US M%sT 2022 Oct 30 2:00 + -6:00 - CST 2022 Nov 30 0:00 + -7:00 US M%sT +# Chihuahua (near US border - eastern side) +# This includes the municipios of Coyame del Sotol, Ojinaga, and Manuel +# Benavides. +# http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/PDF/65/2a022/nov/20221124-VII.pdf +Zone America/Ojinaga -6:57:40 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 7:00u + -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 + -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15 + -7:00 Mexico M%sT 1932 Apr 1 + -6:00 - CST 1996 + -6:00 Mexico C%sT 1998 + -6:00 - CST 1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00 + -7:00 Mexico M%sT 2010 + -7:00 US M%sT 2022 Oct 30 2:00 + -6:00 - CST 2022 Nov 30 0:00 + -6:00 US C%sT +# Chihuahua (away from US border) +Zone America/Chihuahua -7:04:20 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 7:00u + -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 + -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15 + -7:00 Mexico M%sT 1932 Apr 1 + -6:00 - CST 1996 + -6:00 Mexico C%sT 1998 + -6:00 - CST 1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00 + -7:00 Mexico M%sT 2022 Oct 30 2:00 + -6:00 - CST +# Sonora +Zone America/Hermosillo -7:23:52 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 7:00u + -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 + -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15 + -7:00 Mexico M%sT 1932 Apr 1 + -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24 + -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14 + -8:00 - PST 1970 + -7:00 Mexico M%sT 1999 + -7:00 - MST + +# Baja California Sur, Nayarit (except Bahía de Banderas), Sinaloa +Zone America/Mazatlan -7:05:40 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 7:00u + -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 + -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15 + -7:00 Mexico M%sT 1932 Apr 1 + -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24 + -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14 + -8:00 - PST 1970 + -7:00 Mexico M%sT + +# Bahía de Banderas + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-21): +# According to news, Bahía de Banderas (Mexican state of Nayarit) +# changed time zone UTC-7 to new time zone UTC-6 on April 4, 2010 (to +# share the same time zone as nearby city Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco). +# +# (Spanish) +# Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario al del centro del +# país, a partir de este domingo +# http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748 +# +# Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario con el del Centro del +# País +# http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50 +# +# (English) +# Puerto Vallarta and Bahía de Banderas: One Time Zone +# http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mexico08.html +# +# "Mexico's Senate approved the amendments to the Mexican Schedule System that +# will allow Bahía de Banderas and Puerto Vallarta to share the same time +# zone ..." +# Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa + +# From Arthur David Olson (2010-05-01): +# Use "Bahia_Banderas" to keep the name to fourteen characters. + +Zone America/Bahia_Banderas -7:01:00 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 7:00u + -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 + -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15 + -7:00 Mexico M%sT 1932 Apr 1 + -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24 + -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14 + -8:00 - PST 1970 + -7:00 Mexico M%sT 2010 Apr 4 2:00 + -6:00 Mexico C%sT + +# Baja California +Zone America/Tijuana -7:48:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 7:00u + -7:00 - MST 1924 + -8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 + -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 15 + -8:00 - PST 1931 Apr 1 + -8:00 1:00 PDT 1931 Sep 30 + -8:00 - PST 1942 Apr 24 + -8:00 1:00 PWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u + -8:00 1:00 PPT 1945 Nov 12 # Peace + -8:00 - PST 1948 Apr 5 + -8:00 1:00 PDT 1949 Jan 14 + -8:00 - PST 1954 + -8:00 CA P%sT 1961 + -8:00 - PST 1976 + -8:00 US P%sT 1996 + -8:00 Mexico P%sT 2001 + -8:00 US P%sT 2002 Feb 20 + -8:00 Mexico P%sT 2010 + -8:00 US P%sT +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# Formerly there was an America/Ensenada zone, which differed from +# America/Tijuana only in that it did not observe DST from 1976 +# through 1995. This was as per Shanks (1999). But Shanks & Pottenger say +# Ensenada did not observe DST from 1948 through 1975. Guy Harris reports +# that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicali, San Felipe and +# Tijuana observe DST," which agrees with Shanks & Pottenger but implies that +# DST-observance was a town-by-town matter back then. This concerns +# data after 1970 so most likely there should be at least one Zone +# other than America/Tijuana for Baja, but it's not clear yet what its +# name or contents should be. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2015-10-08): +# Formerly there was an America/Santa_Isabel zone, but this appears to +# have come from a misreading of +# http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010 +# It has been moved to the 'backward' file. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2022-10-28): +# Today's new law states that the entire state of Baja California +# follows US DST rules, which agrees with simplifications noted above. +# +# +# Revillagigedo Is +# no information + +############################################################################### + +# Barbados + +# For 1899 Milne gives -3:58:29.2. + +# From P Chan (2020-12-09 and 2020-12-11): +# Standard time of GMT-4 was adopted in 1911. +# Definition of Time Act, 1911 (1911-7) [1911-08-28] +# 1912, Laws of Barbados (5 v.), OCLC Number: 919801291, Vol. 4, Image No. 522 +# 1944, Laws of Barbados (5 v.), OCLC Number: 84548697, Vol. 4, Image No. 122 +# http://llmc.com/browse.aspx?type=2&coll=85&div=297 +# +# DST was observed in 1942-44. +# Defence (Daylight Saving) Regulations, 1942, 1942-04-13 +# Defence (Daylight Saving) (Repeal) Regulations, 1942, 1942-08-22 +# Defence (Daylight Saving) Regulations, 1943, 1943-04-16 +# Defence (Daylight Saving) (Repeal) Regulations, 1943, 1943-09-01 +# Defence (Daylight Saving) Regulations, 1944, 1944-03-21 +# [Defence (Daylight Saving) (Amendment) Regulations 1944, 1944-03-28] +# Defence (Daylight Saving) (Repeal) Regulations, 1944, 1944-08-30 +# +# 1914-, Subsidiary Legis., Annual Vols. OCLC Number: 226290591 +# 1942: Image Nos. 527-528, 555-556 +# 1943: Image Nos. 178-179, 198 +# 1944: Image Nos. 113-115, 129 +# http://llmc.com/titledescfull.aspx?type=2&coll=85&div=297&set=98437 +# +# From Tim Parenti (2021-02-20): +# The transitions below are derived from P Chan's sources, except that the 1977 +# through 1980 transitions are from Shanks & Pottenger since we have no better +# data there. Of particular note, the 1944 DST regulation only advanced the +# time to "exactly three and a half hours later than Greenwich mean time", as +# opposed to "three hours" in the 1942 and 1943 regulations. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Barb 1942 only - Apr 19 5:00u 1:00 D +Rule Barb 1942 only - Aug 31 6:00u 0 S +Rule Barb 1943 only - May 2 5:00u 1:00 D +Rule Barb 1943 only - Sep 5 6:00u 0 S +Rule Barb 1944 only - Apr 10 5:00u 0:30 - +Rule Barb 1944 only - Sep 10 6:00u 0 S +Rule Barb 1977 only - Jun 12 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Barb 1977 1978 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 S +Rule Barb 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Barb 1979 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S +Rule Barb 1980 only - Sep 25 2:00 0 S +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] + #STDOFF -3:58:29.2 +Zone America/Barbados -3:58:29 - LMT 1911 Aug 28 # Bridgetown + -4:00 Barb A%sT 1944 + -4:00 Barb AST/-0330 1945 + -4:00 Barb A%sT + +# Belize + +# From P Chan (2020-11-03): +# Below are some laws related to the time in British Honduras/Belize: +# +# Definition of Time Ordinance, 1927 (No.4 of 1927) [1927-04-01] +# Ordinances of British Honduras Passed in the Year 1927, p 19-20 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=LqEpAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA3-PA19 +# +# Definition of Time (Amendment) Ordinance, 1942 (No. 5 of 1942) [1942-06-27] +# Ordinances of British Honduras Passed in the Year 1942, p 31-32 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=h6MpAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA6-PA95-IA44 +# +# Definition of Time Ordinance, 1945 (No. 19 of 1945) [1945-12-15] +# Ordinances of British Honduras Passed in the Year 1945, p 49-50 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=xaMpAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PP1 +# +# Definition of Time Ordinance, 1947 (No. 1 of 1947) [1947-03-11] +# Ordinances of British Honduras Passed in the Year 1947, p 1-2 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=xaMpAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA3-PA1 +# +# Time (Definition of) Ordinance (Chapter 180) +# The Laws of British Honduras in Force on the 15th Day of September, 1958 , Volume IV, p 2580 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=v5QpAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA2580 +# +# Time (Definition of) (Amendment) Ordinance, 1968 (No. 13 of 1968) [1968-08-03] +# https://books.google.com/books?id=xij7KEB_58wC&pg=RA1-PA428-IA9 +# +# Definition of Time Act (Chapter 339) +# Law of Belize, Revised Edition 2000 +# http://www.belizelaw.org/web/lawadmin/PDF%20files/cap339.pdf + +# From Paul Eggert (2020-11-03): +# The transitions below are derived from P Chan's sources, except that the +# 1973 through 1983 transitions are from Shanks & Pottenger since we have +# no better data there. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Belize 1918 1941 - Oct Sat>=1 24:00 0:30 -0530 +Rule Belize 1919 1942 - Feb Sat>=8 24:00 0 CST +Rule Belize 1942 only - Jun 27 24:00 1:00 CWT +Rule Belize 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 CPT +Rule Belize 1945 only - Dec 15 24:00 0 CST +Rule Belize 1947 1967 - Oct Sat>=1 24:00 0:30 -0530 +Rule Belize 1948 1968 - Feb Sat>=8 24:00 0 CST +Rule Belize 1973 only - Dec 5 0:00 1:00 CDT +Rule Belize 1974 only - Feb 9 0:00 0 CST +Rule Belize 1982 only - Dec 18 0:00 1:00 CDT +Rule Belize 1983 only - Feb 12 0:00 0 CST +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Belize -5:52:48 - LMT 1912 Apr 1 + -6:00 Belize %s + +# Bermuda + +# From Paul Eggert (2022-07-27): +# For 1899 Milne gives -4:19:18.3 as the meridian of the clock tower, +# Bermuda dockyard, Ireland I. This agrees with standard offset given in the +# Daylight Saving Act, 1917 cited below. +# It is not known when this time became standard for Bermuda; guess 1890. +# The transition to -04 was specified by: +# 1930: The Time Zone Act, 1929 (1929: No. 39) [1929-11-08] +# https://books.google.com/books?id=7tdMAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA54-PP1 + +# From P Chan (2020-11-20): +# Most of the information can be found online from the Bermuda National +# Library - Digital Collection which includes The Royal Gazette (RG) until 1957 +# https://bnl.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/ +# I will cite the ID. For example, [10000] means +# https://bnl.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/BermudaNP02/id/10000 +# +# 1917: Apr 5 midnight to Sep 30 midnight +# Daylight Saving Act, 1917 (1917 No. 13) [1917-04-02] +# Bermuda Acts and Resolves 1917, p 37-38 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=M-lCAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA36-IA2 +# RG, 1917-04-04, p 6 [42340] gives the spring forward date. +# +# 1918: Apr 13 midnight to Sep 15 midnight +# Daylight Saving Act, 1918 (1918 No. 9) [1918-04-06] +# Bermuda Acts and Resolves 1917, p 13 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=K-lCAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA7 +# +# Note that local mean time was still used before 1930. +# +# During WWII, DST was introduced by Defence Regulations +# 1942: Jan 11 02:00 to Oct 18 02:00 [113646], [115726] +# 1943: Mar 21 02:00 to Oct 31 02:00 [116704], [118193] +# 1944: Mar 12 02:00 to Nov 5 02:00 [119225], [121593] +# 1945: Mar 11 02:00 to Nov 4 02:00 [122369], [124461] +# RG, 1942-01-08, p 2, 1942-10-12, p 2 , 1943-03-06, p 2, 1943-09-03, p 1, +# 1944-02-29, p 6, 1944-09-20, p 2, 1945-02-13, p 2, 1945-11-03, p 1 +# +# In 1946, the House of Assembly rejected DST twice. [128686], [128076] +# RG, 1946-03-16 p 1,1946-04-13 p 1 +# +# 1947: third Sunday in May 02:00 to second Sunday in September 02:00 +# DST in 1947 was defined in the Daylight Saving Act, 1947 (1947: No. 12) +# which expired at the end of the year. [125784] ,[132405], [144454], [138226] +# RG, 1947-02-27, p 1, 1947-05-15, p 1, 1947-09-13, p 1, 1947-12-30, p 1 +# +# 1948-1952: fourth Sunday in May 02:00 to first Sunday in September 02:00 +# DST in 1948 was defined in the Daylight Saving Act, 1948 (1948 : No. 12) +# which was set to expired at the end of the year but it was extended until +# the end of 1952 and was not further extended. +# [129802], [139403], [146008], [135240], [144330], [139049], [143309], +# [148271], [149773], [153589], [153802], [155924] +# RG, 1948-04-13, p 1, 1948-05-22, p 1, 1948-09-04, p 1, 1949-05-21, p1, +# 1949-09-03, p 1, 1950-05-27 p 1, 1950-09-02, p 1, 1951-05-27, p 1, +# 1951-09-01, p 1, 1952-05-23, p 1, 1952-09-26, p 1, 1952-12-21, p 8 +# +# In 1953-1955, the House of Assembly rejected DST each year. [158996], +# [162620], [166720] RG, 1953-05-02, p 1, 1954-04-01 p 1, 1955-03-12, p 1 +# +# 1956: fourth Sunday in May 02:00 to last Sunday in October 02:00 +# Time Zone (Seasonal Variation) Act, 1956 (1956: No.44) [1956-05-25] +# Bermuda Public Acts 1956, p 331-332 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=Xs1AlmD_cEwC&pg=PA63 +# +# The extension of the Act was rejected by the House of Assembly. [176218] +# RG, 1956-12-13, p 1 +# +# From the Chronological Table of Public and Private Acts up to 1985, it seems +# that there does not exist other Acts related to DST before 1973. +# https://books.google.com/books?id=r9hMAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA23-PA1 +# Public Acts of the Legislature of the Islands of Bermuda, Together with +# Statutory Instruments in Force Thereunder, Vol VII + +# From Dan Jones, reporting in The Royal Gazette (2006-06-26): +# Next year, however, clocks in the US will go forward on the second Sunday +# in March, until the first Sunday in November. And, after the Time Zone +# (Seasonal Variation) Bill 2006 was passed in the House of Assembly on +# Friday, the same thing will happen in Bermuda. +# http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060529/NEWS/105290135 + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Bermuda 1917 only - Apr 5 24:00 1:00 - +Rule Bermuda 1917 only - Sep 30 24:00 0 - +Rule Bermuda 1918 only - Apr 13 24:00 1:00 - +Rule Bermuda 1918 only - Sep 15 24:00 0 S +Rule Bermuda 1942 only - Jan 11 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Bermuda 1942 only - Oct 18 2:00 0 S +Rule Bermuda 1943 only - Mar 21 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Bermuda 1943 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S +Rule Bermuda 1944 1945 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Bermuda 1944 1945 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S +Rule Bermuda 1947 only - May Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Bermuda 1947 only - Sep Sun>=8 2:00 0 S +Rule Bermuda 1948 1952 - May Sun>=22 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Bermuda 1948 1952 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 S +Rule Bermuda 1956 only - May Sun>=22 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Bermuda 1956 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] + #STDOFF -4:19:18.3 +Zone Atlantic/Bermuda -4:19:18 - LMT 1890 # Hamilton + -4:19:18 Bermuda BMT/BST 1930 Jan 1 2:00 + -4:00 Bermuda A%sT 1974 Apr 28 2:00 + -4:00 Canada A%sT 1976 + -4:00 US A%sT + +# Costa Rica + +# Milne gives -5:36:13.3 as San José mean time. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule CR 1979 1980 - Feb lastSun 0:00 1:00 D +Rule CR 1979 1980 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 0 S +Rule CR 1991 1992 - Jan Sat>=15 0:00 1:00 D +# IATA SSIM (1991-09) says the following was at 1:00; +# go with Shanks & Pottenger. +Rule CR 1991 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S +Rule CR 1992 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S +# There are too many San Josés elsewhere, so we'll use 'Costa Rica'. +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] + #STDOFF -5:36:13.3 +Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:13 - LMT 1890 # San José + -5:36:13 - SJMT 1921 Jan 15 # San José Mean Time + -6:00 CR C%sT +# Coco +# no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica + +# Cuba + +# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): +# Milne gives -5:28:50.45 for the observatory at Havana, -5:29:23.57 +# for the port, and -5:30 for meteorological observations. +# For now, stick with Shanks & Pottenger. + +# From Arthur David Olson (1999-03-29): +# The 1999-03-28 exhibition baseball game held in Havana, Cuba, between +# the Cuban National Team and the Baltimore Orioles was carried live on +# the Orioles Radio Network, including affiliate WTOP in Washington, DC. +# During the game, play-by-play announcer Jim Hunter noted that +# "We'll be losing two hours of sleep...Cuba switched to Daylight Saving +# Time today." (The "two hour" remark referred to losing one hour of +# sleep on 1999-03-28 - when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched +# to DST - and one more hour on 1999-04-04 - when the announcers will have +# returned to Baltimore, which switches on that date.) + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-11-11): +# DST start in Cuba in 2004 ... does not follow the same rules as the +# years before. The correct date should be Sunday 2004-03-28 00:00 ... +# https://web.archive.org/web/20040402060750/http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2004/marzo/sab27/reloj.html + +# From Evert van der Veer via Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-28): +# Cuba is not going back to standard time this year. +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2004/septiembre/juev30/41medid-i.html +# says that it's due to a problem at the Antonio Guiteras +# thermoelectric plant, and says "This October there will be no return +# to normal hours (after daylight saving time)". +# For now, let's assume that it's a temporary measure. + +# From Carlos A. Carnero Delgado (2005-11-12): +# This year (just like in 2004-2005) there's no change in time zone +# adjustment in Cuba. We will stay in daylight saving time: +# http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2005/noviembre/mier9/horario.html + +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-21): +# An article in GRANMA INTERNACIONAL claims that Cuba will end +# the 3 years of permanent DST next weekend, see +# http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2006/octubre/lun16/43horario.html +# "On Saturday night, October 28 going into Sunday, October 29, at 01:00, +# watches should be set back one hour - going back to 00:00 hours - returning +# to the normal schedule.... + +# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-02): +# <http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/english/news/art89.html>, dated yesterday, +# says Cuban clocks will advance at midnight on March 10. +# For lack of better information, assume Cuba will use US rules, +# except that it switches at midnight standard time as usual. +# +# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-25): +# Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz informed me that Cuba will end DST one week +# earlier - on the last Sunday of October, just like in 2006. +# +# He supplied these references: +# +# http://www.prensalatina.com.mx/article.asp?ID={4CC32C1B-A9F7-42FB-8A07-8631AFC923AF}&language=ES +# http://actualidad.terra.es/sociedad/articulo/cuba_llama_ahorrar_energia_cambio_1957044.htm +# +# From Alex Krivenyshev (2007-10-25): +# Here is also article from Granma (Cuba): +# +# Regirá el Horario Normal desde el próximo domingo 28 de octubre +# http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2007/10/24/nacional/artic07.html +# +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba03.html + +# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-09): +# I'm in Maryland which is now observing United States Eastern Daylight +# Time. At 9:44 local time I used RealPlayer to listen to +# http://media.enet.cu/radioreloj +# a Cuban information station, and heard +# the time announced as "ocho cuarenta y cuatro" ("eight forty-four"), +# indicating that Cuba is still on standard time. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-12): +# It seems that Cuba will start DST on Sunday, 2007-03-16... +# It was announced yesterday, according to this source (in Spanish): +# http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/marzo-2008/cien-1-11-3-08.htm +# +# Some more background information is posted here: +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-march-16.html +# +# The article also says that Cuba has been observing DST since 1963, +# while Shanks (and tzdata) has 1965 as the first date (except in the +# 1940's). Many other web pages in Cuba also claim that it has been +# observed since 1963, but with the exception of 1970 - an exception +# which is not present in tzdata/Shanks. So there is a chance we need to +# change some historic records as well. +# +# One example: +# http://www.radiohc.cu/espanol/noticias/mar07/11mar/hor.htm + +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-03-13): +# The Cuban time change has just been confirmed on the most authoritative +# web site, the Granma. Please check out +# http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2008/03/13/nacional/artic10.html +# +# Basically as expected after Steffen Thorsen's information, the change +# will take place midnight between Saturday and Sunday. + +# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-12): +# Assume Sun>=15 (third Sunday) going forward. + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-04) +# According to the Radio Reloj - Cuba will start Daylight Saving Time on +# midnight between Saturday, March 07, 2009 and Sunday, March 08, 2009- +# not on midnight March 14 / March 15 as previously thought. +# +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba05.html +# (in Spanish) + +# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-09) +# I listened over the Internet to +# http://media.enet.cu/readioreloj +# this morning; when it was 10:05 a. m. here in Bethesda, Maryland the +# the time was announced as "diez cinco" - the same time as here, indicating +# that has indeed switched to DST. Assume second Sunday from 2009 forward. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-03-08): +# Granma announced that Cuba is going to start DST on 2011-03-20 00:00:00 +# this year. Nothing about the end date known so far (if that has +# changed at all). +# +# Source: +# http://granma.co.cu/2011/03/08/nacional/artic01.html +# +# Our info: +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2011.html +# +# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-30) +# Cuba will end DST two weeks later this year. Instead of going back +# tonight, it has been delayed to 2011-11-13 at 01:00. +# +# One source (Spanish) +# http://www.radioangulo.cu/noticias/cuba/17105-cuba-restablecera-el-horario-del-meridiano-de-greenwich.html +# +# Our page: +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-time-changes-2011.html +# +# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-01) +# According to Radio Reloj, Cuba will start DST on Midnight between March +# 31 and April 1. +# +# Radio Reloj has the following info (Spanish): +# http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/71-miscelaneas/7529-cuba-aplicara-el-horario-de-verano-desde-el-1-de-abril +# +# Our info on it: +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2012.html + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-11-03): +# Radio Reloj and many other sources report that Cuba is changing back +# to standard time on 2012-11-04: +# http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/36-nacionales/9961-regira-horario-normal-en-cuba-desde-el-domingo-cuatro-de-noviembre +# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-03): +# For now, assume the future rule is first Sunday in November. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Cuba 1928 only - Jun 10 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 1928 only - Oct 10 0:00 0 S +Rule Cuba 1940 1942 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 1940 1942 - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 0 S +Rule Cuba 1945 1946 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 1945 1946 - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 0 S +Rule Cuba 1965 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 1965 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S +Rule Cuba 1966 only - May 29 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 1966 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 S +Rule Cuba 1967 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 1967 1968 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S +Rule Cuba 1968 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 1969 1977 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 1969 1971 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S +Rule Cuba 1972 1974 - Oct 8 0:00 0 S +Rule Cuba 1975 1977 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S +Rule Cuba 1978 only - May 7 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 1978 1990 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S +Rule Cuba 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 1981 1985 - May Sun>=5 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=14 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 1990 1997 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 1991 1995 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00s 0 S +Rule Cuba 1996 only - Oct 6 0:00s 0 S +Rule Cuba 1997 only - Oct 12 0:00s 0 S +Rule Cuba 1998 1999 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 1998 2003 - Oct lastSun 0:00s 0 S +Rule Cuba 2000 2003 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 2004 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 2006 2010 - Oct lastSun 0:00s 0 S +Rule Cuba 2007 only - Mar Sun>=8 0:00s 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 2008 only - Mar Sun>=15 0:00s 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 2009 2010 - Mar Sun>=8 0:00s 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 2011 only - Mar Sun>=15 0:00s 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 2011 only - Nov 13 0:00s 0 S +Rule Cuba 2012 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 2012 max - Nov Sun>=1 0:00s 0 S +Rule Cuba 2013 max - Mar Sun>=8 0:00s 1:00 D + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Havana -5:29:28 - LMT 1890 + -5:29:36 - HMT 1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT + -5:00 Cuba C%sT + +# Dominican Republic + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-30): +# Enrique Morales reported to me that the Dominican Republic has changed the +# time zone to Eastern Standard Time as of Sunday 29 at 2 am.... +# http://www.listin.com.do/antes/261000/republica/princi.html + +# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): +# That URL (2000-10-26, in Spanish) says they planned to use US-style DST. + +# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): +# Dominican Republic changed its mind and presidential decree on Tuesday, +# November 28, 2000, with a new decree. On Sunday, December 3 at 1:00 AM the +# Dominican Republic will be reverting to 8 hours from the International Date +# Line, and will not be using DST in the foreseeable future. The reason they +# decided to use DST was to be in synch with Puerto Rico, who was also going +# to implement DST. When Puerto Rico didn't implement DST, the president +# decided to revert. + + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule DR 1966 only - Oct 30 0:00 1:00 EDT +Rule DR 1967 only - Feb 28 0:00 0 EST +Rule DR 1969 1973 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 -0430 +Rule DR 1970 only - Feb 21 0:00 0 EST +Rule DR 1971 only - Jan 20 0:00 0 EST +Rule DR 1972 1974 - Jan 21 0:00 0 EST +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 - LMT 1890 + -4:40 - SDMT 1933 Apr 1 12:00 # S. Dom. MT + -5:00 DR %s 1974 Oct 27 + -4:00 - AST 2000 Oct 29 2:00 + -5:00 US E%sT 2000 Dec 3 1:00 + -4:00 - AST + +# El Salvador + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Salv 1987 1988 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Salv 1987 1988 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S +# There are too many San Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/El_Salvador +# instead of America/San_Salvador. +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 - LMT 1921 # San Salvador + -6:00 Salv C%sT + +# Guatemala +# +# From Gwillim Law (2006-04-22), after a heads-up from Oscar van Vlijmen: +# Diario Co Latino, at +# <http://www.diariocolatino.com/internacionales/detalles.asp?NewsID=8079>, +# says in an article dated 2006-04-19 that the Guatemalan government had +# decided on that date to advance official time by 60 minutes, to lessen the +# impact of the elevated cost of oil.... Daylight saving time will last from +# 2006-04-29 24:00 (Guatemalan standard time) to 2006-09-30 (time unspecified). +# From Paul Eggert (2006-06-22): +# The Ministry of Energy and Mines, press release CP-15/2006 +# (2006-04-19), says DST ends at 24:00. See +# http://www.sieca.org.gt/Sitio_publico/Energeticos/Doc/Medidas/Cambio_Horario_Nac_190406.pdf + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Guat 1973 only - Nov 25 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Guat 1974 only - Feb 24 0:00 0 S +Rule Guat 1983 only - May 21 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Guat 1983 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S +Rule Guat 1991 only - Mar 23 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Guat 1991 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S +Rule Guat 2006 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Guat 2006 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Guatemala -6:02:04 - LMT 1918 Oct 5 + -6:00 Guat C%sT + +# Haiti +# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-15): +# Risto O. Nykänen wrote me that Haiti is now on DST. +# I searched for confirmation, and I found a press release +# on the Web page of the Haitian Consulate in Chicago (2005-03-31), +# <http://www.haitianconsulate.org/time.doc>. Translated from French, it says: +# +# "The Prime Minister's Communication Office notifies the public in general +# and the press in particular that, following a decision of the Interior +# Ministry and the Territorial Collectivities [I suppose that means the +# provinces], Haiti will move to Eastern Daylight Time in the night from next +# Saturday the 2nd to Sunday the 3rd. +# +# "Consequently, the Prime Minister's Communication Office wishes to inform +# the population that the country's clocks will be set forward one hour +# starting at midnight. This provision will hold until the last Saturday in +# October 2005. +# +# "Port-au-Prince, March 31, 2005" +# +# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-04-04): +# I have been informed by users that Haiti observes DST this year like +# last year, so the current "only" rule for 2005 might be changed to a +# "max" rule or to last until 2006. (Who knows if they will observe DST +# next year or if they will extend their DST like US/Canada next year). +# +# I have found this article about it (in French): +# http://www.haitipressnetwork.com/news.cfm?articleID=7612 +# +# The reason seems to be an energy crisis. + +# From Stephen Colebourne (2007-02-22): +# Some IATA info: Haiti won't be having DST in 2007. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-11): +# According to several news sources, Haiti will observe DST this year, +# apparently using the same start and end date as USA/Canada. +# So this means they have already changed their time. +# +# http://www.alterpresse.org/spip.php?article12510 +# http://radiovision2000haiti.net/home/?p=13253 +# +# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-11): +# The alterpresse.org source seems to show a US-style leap from 2:00 a.m. to +# 3:00 a.m. rather than the traditional Haitian jump at midnight. +# Assume a US-style fall back as well. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-10): +# It appears that Haiti is observing DST this year as well, same rules +# as US/Canada. They did it last year as well, and it looks like they +# are going to observe DST every year now... +# +# http://radiovision2000haiti.net/public/haiti-avis-changement-dheure-dimanche/ +# http://www.canalplushaiti.net/?p=6714 + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-12): +# Jean Antoine, editor of www.haiti-reference.com informed us that Haiti +# are not going on DST this year. Several other resources confirm this: ... +# https://www.radiotelevisioncaraibes.com/presse/heure_d_t_pas_de_changement_d_heure_pr_vu_pour_cet_ann_e.html +# https://www.vantbefinfo.com/changement-dheure-pas-pour-haiti/ +# http://news.anmwe.com/haiti-lheure-nationale-ne-sera-ni-avancee-ni-reculee-cette-annee/ + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-03-12): +# We have received 4 mails from different people telling that Haiti +# has started DST again today, and this source seems to confirm that, +# I have not been able to find a more authoritative source: +# https://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-20319-haiti-notices-time-change-in-haiti.html + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Haiti 1983 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Haiti 1984 1987 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Haiti 1983 1987 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S +# Shanks & Pottenger say AT is 2:00, but IATA SSIM (1991/1997) says 1:00s. +# Go with IATA. +Rule Haiti 1988 1997 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D +Rule Haiti 1988 1997 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 S +Rule Haiti 2005 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Haiti 2005 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S +Rule Haiti 2012 2015 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Haiti 2012 2015 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S +Rule Haiti 2017 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Haiti 2017 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 - LMT 1890 + -4:49 - PPMT 1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT + -5:00 Haiti E%sT + +# Honduras +# Shanks & Pottenger say 1921 Jan 1; go with Whitman's more precise Apr 1. + +# From Paul Eggert (2006-05-05): +# worldtimezone.com reports a 2006-05-02 Spanish-language AP article +# saying Honduras will start using DST midnight Saturday, effective 4 +# months until September. La Tribuna reported today +# <http://www.latribuna.hn/99299.html> that Manuel Zelaya, the president +# of Honduras, refused to back down on this. + +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-08-08): +# It seems that Honduras has returned from DST to standard time this Monday at +# 00:00 hours (prolonging Sunday to 25 hours duration). +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_honduras04.html + +# From Paul Eggert (2006-08-08): +# Also see Diario El Heraldo, The country returns to standard time (2006-08-08). +# http://www.elheraldo.hn/nota.php?nid=54941&sec=12 +# It mentions executive decree 18-2006. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): +# Honduras will observe DST from 2007 to 2009, exact dates are not +# published, I have located this authoritative source: +# http://www.presidencia.gob.hn/noticia.aspx?nId=47 + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-30): +# http://www.laprensahn.com/pais_nota.php?id04962=7386 +# So it seems that Honduras will not enter DST this year.... + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Hond 1987 1988 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Hond 1987 1988 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S +Rule Hond 2006 only - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Hond 2006 only - Aug Mon>=1 0:00 0 S +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 - LMT 1921 Apr + -6:00 Hond C%sT +# +# Great Swan I ceded by US to Honduras in 1972 + +# Jamaica +# Shanks & Pottenger give -5:07:12, but Milne records -5:07:10.41 from an +# unspecified official document, and says "This time is used throughout the +# island". Go with Milne. +# +# Shanks & Pottenger give April 28 for the 1974 spring-forward transition, but +# Lance Neita writes that Prime Minister Michael Manley decreed it January 5. +# Assume Neita meant Jan 6 02:00, the same as the US. Neita also writes that +# Manley's supporters associated this act with Manley's nickname "Joshua" +# (recall that in the Bible the sun stood still at Joshua's request), +# and with the Rod of Correction which Manley said he had received from +# Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia. See: +# Neita L. The politician in all of us. Jamaica Observer 2014-09-20 +# http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/columns/The-politician-in-all-of-us_17573647 +# +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] + #STDOFF -5:07:10.41 +Zone America/Jamaica -5:07:10 - LMT 1890 # Kingston + -5:07:10 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time + -5:00 - EST 1974 + -5:00 US E%sT 1984 + -5:00 - EST + +# Martinique +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 - LMT 1890 # Fort-de-France + -4:04:20 - FFMT 1911 May 1 # Fort-de-France MT + -4:00 - AST 1980 Apr 6 + -4:00 1:00 ADT 1980 Sep 28 + -4:00 - AST + +# Nicaragua +# +# This uses Shanks & Pottenger for times before 2005. +# +# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-04-12): +# I've got reports from 8 different people that Nicaragua just started +# DST on Sunday 2005-04-10, in order to save energy because of +# expensive petroleum. The exact end date for DST is not yet +# announced, only "September" but some sites also say "mid-September". +# Some background information is available on the President's official site: +# http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/Presidencia/Files_index/Secretaria/Notas%20de%20Prensa/Presidente/2005/ABRIL/Gobierno-de-nicaragua-adelanta-hora-oficial-06abril.htm +# The Decree, no 23-2005 is available here: +# http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2005/Decreto%2023-2005%20Se%20adelanta%20en%20una%20hora%20en%20todo%20el%20territorio%20nacional%20apartir%20de%20las%2024horas%20del%2009%20de%20Abril.pdf +# +# From Paul Eggert (2005-05-01): +# The decree doesn't say anything about daylight saving, but for now let's +# assume that it is daylight saving.... +# +# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-21): +# The Associated Press story on the time change, which can be found at +# http://www.lapalmainteractivo.com/guias/content/gen/ap/America_Latina/AMC_GEN_NICARAGUA_HORA.html +# and elsewhere, says (fifth paragraph, translated from Spanish): "The last +# time that a change of clocks was applied to save energy was in the year 2000 +# during the Arnoldo Alemán administration."... +# The northamerica file says that Nicaragua has been on UTC-6 continuously +# since December 1998. I wasn't able to find any details of Nicaraguan time +# changes in 2000. Perhaps a note could be added to the northamerica file, to +# the effect that we have indirect evidence that DST was observed in 2000. +# +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-11-02): +# Nicaragua left DST the 2005-10-02 at 00:00 (local time). +# http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/presidencia/files_index/secretaria/comunicados/2005/septiembre/26septiembre-cambio-hora.htm +# (2005-09-26) +# +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-05-05): +# http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2006/05/01/nacionales/18410 +# (my informal translation) +# By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolaños, Nicaragua +# advanced by sixty minutes their official time, yesterday at 2 in the +# morning, and will stay that way until 30th of September. +# +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-09-30): +# http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2006/D-063-2006P-PRN-Cambio-Hora.pdf +# My informal translation runs: +# The natural sun time is restored in all the national territory, in that the +# time is returned one hour at 01:00 am of October 1 of 2006. +# +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Jun Mon>=23 0:00 0 S +Rule Nic 2005 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Nic 2005 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S +Rule Nic 2006 only - Apr 30 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Nic 2006 only - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 S +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Managua -5:45:08 - LMT 1890 + -5:45:12 - MMT 1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time? + -6:00 - CST 1973 May + -5:00 - EST 1975 Feb 16 + -6:00 Nic C%sT 1992 Jan 1 4:00 + -5:00 - EST 1992 Sep 24 + -6:00 - CST 1993 + -5:00 - EST 1997 + -6:00 Nic C%sT + +# Cayman Is +# Panama +# +# Atikokan and Coral Harbour, Canada, match Panama since 1970. +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Panama -5:18:08 - LMT 1890 + -5:19:36 - CMT 1908 Apr 22 # Colón Mean Time + -5:00 - EST + +# Anguilla +# Antigua & Barbuda +# Aruba +# Caribbean Netherlands +# Curaçao +# Dominica +# Grenada +# Guadeloupe +# Montserrat +# Puerto Rico +# St Barthélemy +# St Kitts-Nevis +# Sint Maarten / St Martin +# St Lucia +# St Vincent & the Grenadines +# Trinidad & Tobago +# Virgin Is (UK & US) +# +# There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use 'Puerto_Rico'. +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 - LMT 1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan + -4:00 - AST 1942 May 3 + -4:00 US A%sT 1946 + -4:00 - AST + +# St Pierre and Miquelon +# There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use 'Miquelon'. +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Miquelon -3:44:40 - LMT 1911 Jun 15 # St Pierre + -4:00 - AST 1980 May + -3:00 - -03 1987 + -3:00 Canada -03/-02 + +# Turks and Caicos +# +# From Chris Dunn in +# https://bugs.debian.org/415007 +# (2007-03-15): In the Turks & Caicos Islands (America/Grand_Turk) the +# daylight saving dates for time changes have been adjusted to match +# the recent U.S. change of dates. +# +# From Brian Inglis (2007-04-28): +# http://www.turksandcaicos.tc/calendar/index.htm [2007-04-26] +# there is an entry for Nov 4 "Daylight Savings Time Ends 2007" and three +# rows before that there is an out of date entry for Oct: +# "Eastern Standard Times Begins 2007 +# Clocks are set back one hour at 2:00 a.m. local Daylight Saving Time" +# indicating that the normal ET rules are followed. + +# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-19): +# The 2014-08-13 Cabinet meeting decided to stay on UT -04 year-round. See: +# http://tcweeklynews.com/daylight-savings-time-to-be-maintained-p5353-127.htm +# Model this as a switch from EST/EDT to AST ... +# From Chris Walton (2014-11-04): +# ... the TCI government appears to have delayed the switch to +# "permanent daylight saving time" by one year.... +# http://tcweeklynews.com/time-change-to-go-ahead-this-november-p5437-127.htm +# +# From the Turks & Caicos Cabinet (2017-07-20), heads-up from Steffen Thorsen: +# ... agreed to the reintroduction in TCI of Daylight Saving Time (DST) +# during the summer months and Standard Time, also known as Local +# Time, during the winter months with effect from April 2018 ... +# https://www.gov.uk/government/news/turks-and-caicos-post-cabinet-meeting-statement--3 +# From Paul Eggert (2017-08-26): +# The date of effect of the spring 2018 change appears to be March 11, +# which makes more sense. See: Hamilton D. Time change back +# by March 2018 for TCI. Magnetic Media. 2017-08-25. +# http://magneticmediatv.com/2017/08/time-change-back-by-march-2018-for-tci/ +# +# From P Chan (2020-11-27): +# Standard Time Declaration Order 2015 (L.N. 15/2015) +# http://online.fliphtml5.com/fizd/czin/#p=2 +# +# Standard Time Declaration Order 2017 (L.N. 31/2017) +# http://online.fliphtml5.com/fizd/dmcu/#p=2 +# +# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-05): +# Although L.N. 31/2017 reads that it "shall come into operation at 2:00 a.m. +# on 11th March 2018", a precise interpretation here poses some problems. The +# order states that "the standard time to be observed throughout the Turks and +# Caicos Islands shall be the same time zone as the Eastern United States of +# America" and further clarifies "[f]or the avoidance of doubt" that it +# "applies to the Eastern Standard Time as well as any changes thereto for +# Daylight Saving Time." However, as clocks in Turks and Caicos approached +# 02:00 -04, and thus the declared implementation time, it was still 01:00 EST +# (-05), as DST in the Eastern US would not start until an hour later. +# +# Since it is unlikely that those on the islands switched their clocks twice in +# the span of an hour, we assume instead that the adoption of EDT actually took +# effect once clocks in the Eastern US had sprung forward, from 03:00 -04. +# This discrepancy only affects the time zone abbreviation and DST flag for the +# intervening hour, not wall clock times, as -04 was maintained throughout. + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 - LMT 1890 + #STDOFF -5:07:10.41 + -5:07:10 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time + -5:00 - EST 1979 + -5:00 US E%sT 2015 Mar 8 2:00 + -4:00 - AST 2018 Mar 11 3:00 + -5:00 US E%sT + +# Local Variables: +# coding: utf-8 +# End: diff --git a/southamerica b/southamerica new file mode 100644 index 0000000..344e67f --- /dev/null +++ b/southamerica @@ -0,0 +1,2019 @@ +# tzdb data for South America and environs + +# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of +# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. + +# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, +# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to +# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see +# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. + +# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-05): +# +# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: +# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), +# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). +# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. +# +# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source +# for time zone data was the International Air Transport +# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), +# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries +# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, +# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. +# +# For data circa 1899, a common source is: +# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. +# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 +# +# These tables use numeric abbreviations like -03 and -0330 for +# integer hour and minute UT offsets. Although earlier editions used +# alphabetic time zone abbreviations, these abbreviations were +# invented and did not reflect common practice. + +############################################################################### + +############################################################################### + +# Argentina + +# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): +# Argentina: first Sunday in October to first Sunday in April since 1976. +# Double Summer time from 1969 to 1974. Switches at midnight. + +# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1988-01-19): +# ARGENTINA 3 H BEHIND UTC + +# From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26): +# I am sending modifications to the Argentine time zone table... +# AR was chosen because they are the ISO letters that represent Argentina. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Arg 1930 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Arg 1931 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Arg 1931 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Arg 1932 1940 - Mar 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Arg 1932 1939 - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Arg 1940 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Arg 1941 only - Jun 15 0:00 0 - +Rule Arg 1941 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Arg 1943 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Arg 1943 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Arg 1946 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Arg 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Arg 1963 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Arg 1963 only - Dec 15 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Arg 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Arg 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Arg 1967 only - Apr 2 0:00 0 - +Rule Arg 1967 1968 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Arg 1968 1969 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 - +Rule Arg 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Arg 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Arg 1988 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 - +# +# From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26): +# These corrections were contributed by InterSoft Argentina S.A., +# obtaining the data from the: +# Talleres de Hidrografía Naval Argentina +# (Argentine Naval Hydrography Institute) +Rule Arg 1989 1993 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - +Rule Arg 1989 1992 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 - +# +# From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26): +# From this moment on, the law that mandated the daylight saving +# time corrections was derogated and no more modifications +# to the time zones (for daylight saving) are now made. +# +# From Rives McDow (2000-01-10): +# On October 3, 1999, 0:00 local, Argentina implemented daylight savings time, +# which did not result in the switch of a time zone, as they stayed 9 hours +# from the International Date Line. +Rule Arg 1999 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 - +# From Paul Eggert (2007-12-28): +# DST was set to expire on March 5, not March 3, but since it was converted +# to standard time on March 3 it's more convenient for us to pretend that +# it ended on March 3. +Rule Arg 2000 only - Mar 3 0:00 0 - +# +# From Peter Gradelski via Steffen Thorsen (2000-03-01): +# We just checked with our São Paulo office and they say the government of +# Argentina decided not to become one of the countries that go on or off DST. +# So Buenos Aires should be -3 hours from GMT at all times. +# +# From Fabián L. Arce Jofré (2000-04-04): +# The law that claimed DST for Argentina was derogated by President Fernando +# de la Rúa on March 2, 2000, because it would make people spend more energy +# in the winter time, rather than less. The change took effect on March 3. +# +# From Mariano Absatz (2001-06-06): +# one of the major newspapers here in Argentina said that the 1999 +# Timezone Law (which never was effectively applied) will (would?) be +# in effect.... The article is at +# http://ar.clarin.com/diario/2001-06-06/e-01701.htm +# ... The Law itself is "Ley No. 25155", sanctioned on 1999-08-25, enacted +# 1999-09-17, and published 1999-09-21. The official publication is at: +# http://www.boletin.jus.gov.ar/BON/Primera/1999/09-Septiembre/21/PDF/BO21-09-99LEG.PDF +# Regretfully, you have to subscribe (and pay) for the on-line version.... +# +# (2001-06-12): +# the timezone for Argentina will not change next Sunday. +# Apparently it will do so on Sunday 24th.... +# http://ar.clarin.com/diario/2001-06-12/s-03501.htm +# +# (2001-06-25): +# Last Friday (yes, the last working day before the date of the change), the +# Senate annulled the 1999 law that introduced the changes later postponed. +# http://www.clarin.com.ar/diario/2001-06-22/s-03601.htm +# It remains the vote of the Deputies..., but it will be the same.... +# This kind of things had always been done this way in Argentina. +# We are still -03:00 all year round in all of the country. +# +# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-12-21): +# A user (Leonardo Chaim) reported that Argentina will adopt DST.... +# all of the country (all Zone-entries) are affected. News reports like +# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/opinion/nota.asp?nota_id=973037 indicate +# that Argentina will use DST next year as well, from October to +# March, although exact rules are not given. +# +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-12-26) +# The last hurdle of Argentina DST is over, the proposal was approved in +# the lower chamber too (Diputados) with a vote 192 for and 2 against. +# By the way thanks to Mariano Absatz and Daniel Mario Vega for the link to +# the original scanned proposal, where the dates and the zero hours are +# clear and unambiguous...This is the article about final approval: +# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/politica/nota.asp?nota_id=973996 +# +# From Paul Eggert (2007-12-22): +# For dates after mid-2008, the following rules are my guesses and +# are quite possibly wrong, but are more likely than no DST at all. + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-09-05): +# As per message from Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz (Nicaragua), +# Argentina will start DST on Sunday October 19, 2008. +# +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina03.html +# http://www.impulsobaires.com.ar/nota.php?id=57832 (in spanish) + +# From Juan Manuel Docile in https://bugs.gentoo.org/240339 (2008-10-07) +# via Rodrigo Severo: +# Argentinian law No. 25.155 is no longer valid. +# http://www.infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/60000-64999/60036/norma.htm +# The new one is law No. 26.350 +# http://www.infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/135000-139999/136191/norma.htm +# So there is no summer time in Argentina for now. + +# From Mariano Absatz (2008-10-20): +# Decree 1693/2008 applies Law 26.350 for the summer 2008/2009 establishing DST +# in Argentina from 2008-10-19 until 2009-03-15. +# http://www.boletinoficial.gov.ar/Bora.Portal/CustomControls/PdfContent.aspx?fp=16102008&pi=3&pf=4&s=0&sec=01 +# + +# Decree 1705/2008 excepting 12 Provinces from applying DST in the summer +# 2008/2009: Catamarca, La Rioja, Mendoza, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, La +# Pampa, Neuquén, Rio Negro, Chubut, Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego +# http://www.boletinoficial.gov.ar/Bora.Portal/CustomControls/PdfContent.aspx?fp=17102008&pi=1&pf=1&s=0&sec=01 +# +# Press release 235 dated Saturday October 18th, from the Government of the +# Province of Jujuy saying it will not apply DST either (even when it was not +# included in Decree 1705/2008). +# http://www.jujuy.gov.ar/index2/partes_prensa/18_10_08/235-181008.doc + +# From fullinet (2009-10-18): +# As announced in +# http://www.argentina.gob.ar/argentina/portal/paginas.dhtml?pagina=356 +# (an official .gob.ar) under title: "Sin Cambio de Hora" +# (English: "No hour change"). +# +# "Por el momento, el Gobierno Nacional resolvió no modificar la hora +# oficial, decisión que estaba en estudio para su implementación el +# domingo 18 de octubre. Desde el Ministerio de Planificación se anunció +# que la Argentina hoy, en estas condiciones meteorológicas, no necesita +# la modificación del huso horario, ya que 2009 nos encuentra con +# crecimiento en la producción y distribución energética." + +Rule Arg 2007 only - Dec 30 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Arg 2008 2009 - Mar Sun>=15 0:00 0 - +Rule Arg 2008 only - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 - + +# From Mariano Absatz (2004-05-21): +# Today it was officially published that the Province of Mendoza is changing +# its timezone this winter... starting tomorrow night.... +# http://www.gobernac.mendoza.gov.ar/boletin/pdf/20040521-27158-normas.pdf +# From Paul Eggert (2004-05-24): +# It's Law No. 7,210. This change is due to a public power emergency, so for +# now we'll assume it's for this year only. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2018-01-31): +# Hora de verano para la República Argentina +# http://buenasiembra.com.ar/esoterismo/astrologia/hora-de-verano-de-la-republica-argentina-27.html +# says that standard time in Argentina from 1894-10-31 +# to 1920-05-01 was -4:16:48.25. Go with this more precise value +# over Shanks & Pottenger. It is upward compatible with Milne, who +# says Córdoba time was -4:16:48.2. + +# +# From Mariano Absatz (2004-06-05): +# These media articles from a major newspaper mostly cover the current state: +# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/05/27/de_604825.asp +# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/05/28/de_605203.asp +# +# The following eight (8) provinces pulled clocks back to UTC-04:00 at +# midnight Monday May 31st. (that is, the night between 05/31 and 06/01). +# Apparently, all nine provinces would go back to UTC-03:00 at the same +# time in October 17th. +# +# Catamarca, Chubut, La Rioja, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz, +# Tierra del Fuego, Tucumán. +# +# From Mariano Absatz (2004-06-14): +# ... this weekend, the Province of Tucumán decided it'd go back to UTC-03:00 +# yesterday midnight (that is, at 24:00 Saturday 12th), since the people's +# annoyance with the change is much higher than the power savings obtained.... +# +# From Gwillim Law (2004-06-14): +# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/06/10/de_609078.asp ... +# "The time change in Tierra del Fuego was a conflicted decision from +# the start. The government had decreed that the measure would take +# effect on June 1, but a normative error forced the new time to begin +# three days earlier, from a Saturday to a Sunday.... +# Our understanding was that the change was originally scheduled to take place +# on June 1 at 00:00 in Chubut, Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego (and some other +# provinces). Sunday was May 30, only two days earlier. So the article +# contains a contradiction. I would give more credence to the Saturday/Sunday +# date than the "three days earlier" phrase, and conclude that Tierra del +# Fuego set its clocks back at 2004-05-30 00:00. +# +# From Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-05): +# The previous law 7210 which changed the province of Mendoza's time zone +# back in May have been modified slightly in a new law 7277, which set the +# new end date to 2004-09-26 (original date was 2004-10-17). +# http://www.gobernac.mendoza.gov.ar/boletin/pdf/20040924-27244-normas.pdf +# +# From Mariano Absatz (2004-10-05): +# San Juan changed from UTC-03:00 to UTC-04:00 at midnight between +# Sunday, May 30th and Monday, May 31st. It changed back to UTC-03:00 +# at midnight between Saturday, July 24th and Sunday, July 25th.... +# http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000329.html +# http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000426.html +# http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000441.html + +# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-01-17): +# Here are articles that Argentina Province San Luis is planning to end DST +# as earlier as upcoming Monday January 21, 2008 or February 2008: +# +# Provincia argentina retrasa reloj y marca diferencia con resto del país +# (Argentine Province delayed clock and mark difference with the rest of the +# country) +# http://cl.invertia.com/noticias/noticia.aspx?idNoticia=200801171849_EFE_ET4373&idtel +# +# Es inminente que en San Luis atrasen una hora los relojes +# (It is imminent in San Luis clocks one hour delay) +# https://www.lagaceta.com.ar/nota/253414/Economia/Es-inminente-que-en-San-Luis-atrasen-una-hora-los-relojes.html +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina02.html + +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-01-18): +# The page of the San Luis provincial government +# http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/notas.asp?idCanal=0&id=22812 +# confirms what Alex Krivenyshev has earlier sent to the tz +# emailing list about that San Luis plans to return to standard +# time much earlier than the rest of the country. It also +# confirms that upon request the provinces San Juan and Mendoza +# refused to follow San Luis in this change. +# +# The change is supposed to take place Monday the 21st at 0:00 +# hours. As far as I understand it if this goes ahead, we need +# a new timezone for San Luis (although there are also documented +# independent changes in the southamerica file of San Luis in +# 1990 and 1991 which has not been confirmed). + +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-01-25): +# Unfortunately the below page has become defunct, about the San Luis +# time change. Perhaps because it now is part of a group of pages "Most +# important pages of 2008." +# +# You can use +# http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/notas.asp?idCanal=8141&id=22834 +# instead it seems. Or use "Buscador" from the main page of the San Luis +# government, and fill in "huso" and click OK, and you will get 3 pages +# from which the first one is identical to the above. + +# From Mariano Absatz (2008-01-28): +# I can confirm that the Province of San Luis (and so far only that +# province) decided to go back to UTC-3 effective midnight Jan 20th 2008 +# (that is, Monday 21st at 0:00 is the time the clocks were delayed back +# 1 hour), and they intend to keep UTC-3 as their timezone all year round +# (that is, unless they change their mind any minute now). +# +# So we'll have to add yet another city to 'southamerica' (I think San +# Luis city is the mos populated city in the Province, so it'd be +# America/Argentina/San_Luis... of course I can't remember if San Luis's +# history of particular changes goes along with Mendoza or San Juan :-( +# (I only remember not being able to collect hard facts about San Luis +# back in 2004, when these provinces changed to UTC-4 for a few days, I +# mailed them personally and never got an answer). + +# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12): +# Unless otherwise specified, data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger through +# 1992, from the IATA otherwise. As noted below, Shanks & Pottenger say that +# America/Cordoba split into 6 subregions during 1991/1992, one of which +# was America/San_Luis, but we haven't verified this yet so for now we'll +# keep America/Cordoba a single region rather than splitting it into the +# other 5 subregions. + +# From Mariano Absatz (2009-03-13): +# Yesterday (with our usual 2-day notice) the Province of San Luis +# decided that next Sunday instead of "staying" @utc-03:00 they will go +# to utc-04:00 until the second Saturday in October... +# +# The press release is at +# http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/SL/Paginas/NoticiaDetalle.asp?TemaId=1&InfoPrensaId=3102 +# (I couldn't find the decree, but www.sanluis.gov.ar +# is the official page for the Province Government.) +# +# There's also a note in only one of the major national papers ... +# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.asp?nota_id=1107912 +# +# The press release says [quick and dirty translation]: +# ... announced that next Sunday, at 00:00, Puntanos (the San Luis +# inhabitants) will have to turn back one hour their clocks +# +# Since then, San Luis will establish its own Province timezone. Thus, +# during 2009, this timezone change will run from 00:00 the third Sunday +# in March until 24:00 of the second Saturday in October. + +# From Mariano Absatz (2009-10-16): +# ...the Province of San Luis is a case in itself. +# +# The Law at +# http://www.diputadossanluis.gov.ar/diputadosasp/paginas/verNorma.asp?NormaID=276 +# is ambiguous because establishes a calendar from the 2nd Sunday in +# October at 0:00 thru the 2nd Saturday in March at 24:00 and the +# complement of that starting on the 2nd Sunday of March at 0:00 and +# ending on the 2nd Saturday of March at 24:00. +# +# This clearly breaks every time the 1st of March or October is a Sunday. +# +# IMHO, the "spirit of the Law" is to make the changes at 0:00 on the 2nd +# Sunday of October and March. +# +# The problem is that the changes in the rest of the Provinces that did +# change in 2007/2008, were made according to the Federal Law and Decrees +# that did so on the 3rd Sunday of October and March. +# +# In fact, San Luis actually switched from UTC-4 to UTC-3 last Sunday +# (October 11th) at 0:00. +# +# So I guess a new set of rules, besides "Arg", must be made and the last +# America/Argentina/San_Luis entries should change to use these... +# ... + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-09): +# According to news reports from El Diario de la República Province San +# Luis, Argentina (standard time UTC-04) will keep Daylight Saving Time +# after April 11, 2010 - will continue to have same time as rest of +# Argentina (UTC-3) (no DST). +# +# Confirmaron la prórroga del huso horario de verano (Spanish) +# http://www.eldiariodelarepublica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29383&Itemid=9 +# or (some English translation): +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina08.html + +# From Mariano Absatz (2010-04-12): +# yes...I can confirm this...and given that San Luis keeps calling +# UTC-03:00 "summer time", we should't just let San Luis go back to "Arg" +# rules...San Luis is still using "Western ARgentina Time" and it got +# stuck on Summer daylight savings time even though the summer is over. + +# From Paul Eggert (2018-01-23): +# Perhaps San Luis operates on the legal fiction that it is at -04 +# with perpetual daylight saving time, but ordinary usage typically seems to +# just say it's at -03; see, for example, +# https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora_oficial_argentina +# We've documented similar situations as being plain changes to +# standard time, so let's do that here too. This does not change UTC +# offsets, only tm_isdst and the time zone abbreviations. One minor +# plus is that this silences a zic complaint that there's no POSIX TZ +# setting for timestamps past 2038. + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +# +# Buenos Aires (BA), Capital Federal (CF), +Zone America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT 1894 Oct 31 + #STDOFF -4:16:48.25 + -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May # Córdoba Mean Time + -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec + -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1999 Oct 3 + -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 +# +# Córdoba (CB), Santa Fe (SF), Entre Ríos (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN), +# Chaco (CC), Formosa (FM), Santiago del Estero (SE) +# +# Shanks & Pottenger also make the following claims, which we haven't verified: +# - Formosa switched to -3:00 on 1991-01-07. +# - Misiones switched to -3:00 on 1990-12-29. +# - Chaco switched to -3:00 on 1991-01-04. +# - Santiago del Estero switched to -4:00 on 1991-04-01, +# then to -3:00 on 1991-04-26. +# + #STDOFF -4:16:48.25 +Zone America/Argentina/Cordoba -4:16:48 - LMT 1894 Oct 31 + -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May + -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec + -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1991 Mar 3 + -4:00 - -04 1991 Oct 20 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1999 Oct 3 + -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 +# +# Salta (SA), La Pampa (LP), Neuquén (NQ), Rio Negro (RN) +Zone America/Argentina/Salta -4:21:40 - LMT 1894 Oct 31 + #STDOFF -4:16:48.25 + -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May + -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec + -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1991 Mar 3 + -4:00 - -04 1991 Oct 20 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1999 Oct 3 + -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 2008 Oct 18 + -3:00 - -03 +# +# Tucumán (TM) +Zone America/Argentina/Tucuman -4:20:52 - LMT 1894 Oct 31 + #STDOFF -4:16:48.25 + -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May + -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec + -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1991 Mar 3 + -4:00 - -04 1991 Oct 20 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1999 Oct 3 + -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3 + -3:00 - -03 2004 Jun 1 + -4:00 - -04 2004 Jun 13 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 +# +# La Rioja (LR) +Zone America/Argentina/La_Rioja -4:27:24 - LMT 1894 Oct 31 + #STDOFF -4:16:48.25 + -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May + -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec + -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1991 Mar 1 + -4:00 - -04 1991 May 7 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1999 Oct 3 + -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3 + -3:00 - -03 2004 Jun 1 + -4:00 - -04 2004 Jun 20 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 2008 Oct 18 + -3:00 - -03 +# +# San Juan (SJ) +Zone America/Argentina/San_Juan -4:34:04 - LMT 1894 Oct 31 + #STDOFF -4:16:48.25 + -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May + -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec + -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1991 Mar 1 + -4:00 - -04 1991 May 7 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1999 Oct 3 + -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3 + -3:00 - -03 2004 May 31 + -4:00 - -04 2004 Jul 25 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 2008 Oct 18 + -3:00 - -03 +# +# Jujuy (JY) +Zone America/Argentina/Jujuy -4:21:12 - LMT 1894 Oct 31 + #STDOFF -4:16:48.25 + -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May + -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec + -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1990 Mar 4 + -4:00 - -04 1990 Oct 28 + -4:00 1:00 -03 1991 Mar 17 + -4:00 - -04 1991 Oct 6 + -3:00 1:00 -02 1992 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1999 Oct 3 + -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 2008 Oct 18 + -3:00 - -03 +# +# Catamarca (CT), Chubut (CH) +Zone America/Argentina/Catamarca -4:23:08 - LMT 1894 Oct 31 + #STDOFF -4:16:48.25 + -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May + -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec + -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1991 Mar 3 + -4:00 - -04 1991 Oct 20 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1999 Oct 3 + -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3 + -3:00 - -03 2004 Jun 1 + -4:00 - -04 2004 Jun 20 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 2008 Oct 18 + -3:00 - -03 +# +# Mendoza (MZ) +Zone America/Argentina/Mendoza -4:35:16 - LMT 1894 Oct 31 + #STDOFF -4:16:48.25 + -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May + -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec + -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1990 Mar 4 + -4:00 - -04 1990 Oct 15 + -4:00 1:00 -03 1991 Mar 1 + -4:00 - -04 1991 Oct 15 + -4:00 1:00 -03 1992 Mar 1 + -4:00 - -04 1992 Oct 18 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1999 Oct 3 + -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3 + -3:00 - -03 2004 May 23 + -4:00 - -04 2004 Sep 26 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 2008 Oct 18 + -3:00 - -03 +# +# San Luis (SL) + +Rule SanLuis 2008 2009 - Mar Sun>=8 0:00 0 - +Rule SanLuis 2007 2008 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 - + +Zone America/Argentina/San_Luis -4:25:24 - LMT 1894 Oct 31 + #STDOFF -4:16:48.25 + -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May + -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec + -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1990 + -3:00 1:00 -02 1990 Mar 14 + -4:00 - -04 1990 Oct 15 + -4:00 1:00 -03 1991 Mar 1 + -4:00 - -04 1991 Jun 1 + -3:00 - -03 1999 Oct 3 + -4:00 1:00 -03 2000 Mar 3 + -3:00 - -03 2004 May 31 + -4:00 - -04 2004 Jul 25 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 2008 Jan 21 + -4:00 SanLuis -04/-03 2009 Oct 11 + -3:00 - -03 +# +# Santa Cruz (SC) +Zone America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -4:36:52 - LMT 1894 Oct 31 + #STDOFF -4:16:48.25 + -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May + -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec + -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1999 Oct 3 + -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3 + -3:00 - -03 2004 Jun 1 + -4:00 - -04 2004 Jun 20 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 2008 Oct 18 + -3:00 - -03 +# +# Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur (TF) +Zone America/Argentina/Ushuaia -4:33:12 - LMT 1894 Oct 31 + #STDOFF -4:16:48.25 + -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May + -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec + -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1999 Oct 3 + -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3 + -3:00 - -03 2004 May 30 + -4:00 - -04 2004 Jun 20 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 2008 Oct 18 + -3:00 - -03 + +# Bolivia +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/La_Paz -4:32:36 - LMT 1890 + -4:32:36 - CMT 1931 Oct 15 # Calamarca MT + -4:32:36 1:00 BST 1932 Mar 21 # Bolivia ST + -4:00 - -04 + +# Brazil + +# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): +# The mayor of Rio recently attempted to change the time zone rules +# just in his city, in order to leave more summer time for the tourist trade. +# The rule change lasted only part of the day; +# the federal government refused to follow the city's rules, and business +# was in a chaos, so the mayor backed down that afternoon. + +# From IATA SSIM (1996-02): +# _Only_ the following states in BR1 observe DST: Rio Grande do Sul (RS), +# Santa Catarina (SC), Paraná (PR), São Paulo (SP), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), +# Espírito Santo (ES), Minas Gerais (MG), Bahia (BA), Goiás (GO), +# Distrito Federal (DF), Tocantins (TO), Sergipe [SE] and Alagoas [AL]. +# [The last three states are new to this issue of the IATA SSIM.] + +# From Gwillim Law (1996-10-07): +# Geography, history (Tocantins was part of Goiás until 1989), and other +# sources of time zone information lead me to believe that AL, SE, and TO were +# always in BR1, and so the only change was whether or not they observed DST.... +# The earliest issue of the SSIM I have is 2/91. Each issue from then until +# 9/95 says that DST is observed only in the ten states I quoted from 9/95, +# along with Mato Grosso (MT) and Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), which are in BR2 +# (UTC-4).... The other two time zones given for Brazil are BR3, which is +# UTC-5, no DST, and applies only in the state of Acre (AC); and BR4, which is +# UTC-2, and applies to Fernando de Noronha (formerly FN, but I believe it's +# become part of the state of Pernambuco). The boundary between BR1 and BR2 +# has never been clearly stated. They've simply been called East and West. +# However, some conclusions can be drawn from another IATA manual: the Airline +# Coding Directory, which lists close to 400 airports in Brazil. For each +# airport it gives a time zone which is coded to the SSIM. From that +# information, I'm led to conclude that the states of Amapá (AP), Ceará (CE), +# Maranhão (MA), Paraíba (PR), Pernambuco (PE), Piauí (PI), and Rio Grande do +# Norte (RN), and the eastern part of Pará (PA) are all in BR1 without DST. + +# From Marcos Tadeu (1998-09-27): +# Brazilian official page <http://pcdsh01.on.br/verao1.html> + +# From Jesper Nørgaard (2000-11-03): +# [For an official list of which regions in Brazil use which time zones, see:] +# http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbr.htm +# http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbrhv.htm + +# From Celso Doria via David Madeo (2002-10-09): +# The reason for the delay this year has to do with elections in Brazil. +# +# Unlike in the United States, elections in Brazil are 100% computerized and +# the results are known almost immediately. Yesterday, it was the first +# round of the elections when 115 million Brazilians voted for President, +# Governor, Senators, Federal Deputies, and State Deputies. Nobody is +# counting (or re-counting) votes anymore and we know there will be a second +# round for the Presidency and also for some Governors. The 2nd round will +# take place on October 27th. +# +# The reason why the DST will only begin November 3rd is that the thousands +# of electoral machines used cannot have their time changed, and since the +# Constitution says the elections must begin at 8:00 AM and end at 5:00 PM, +# the Government decided to postpone DST, instead of changing the Constitution +# (maybe, for the next elections, it will be possible to change the clock)... + +# From Rodrigo Severo (2004-10-04): +# It's just the biannual change made necessary by the much hyped, supposedly +# modern Brazilian ... voting machines which, apparently, can't deal +# with a time change between the first and the second rounds of the elections. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-20): +# Brazil will start DST on 2007-10-14 00:00 and end on 2008-02-17 00:00: +# http://www.mme.gov.br/site/news/detail.do;jsessionid=BBA06811AFCAAC28F0285210913513DA?newsId=13975 + +# From Paul Schulze (2008-06-24): +# ...by law number 11.662 of April 24, 2008 (published in the "Diario +# Oficial da União"...) in Brazil there are changes in the timezones, +# effective today (00:00am at June 24, 2008) as follows: +# +# a) The timezone UTC+5 is extinguished, with all the Acre state and the +# part of the Amazonas state that had this timezone now being put to the +# timezone UTC+4 +# b) The whole Pará state now is put at timezone UTC+3, instead of just +# part of it, as was before. +# +# This change follows a proposal of senator Tiao Viana of Acre state, that +# proposed it due to concerns about open television channels displaying +# programs inappropriate to youths in the states that had the timezone +# UTC+5 too early in the night. In the occasion, some more corrections +# were proposed, trying to unify the timezones of any given state. This +# change modifies timezone rules defined in decree 2.784 of 18 June, +# 1913. + +# From Rodrigo Severo (2008-06-24): +# Just correcting the URL: +# https://www.in.gov.br/imprensa/visualiza/index.jsp?jornal=do&secao=1&pagina=1&data=25/04/2008 +# +# As a result of the above Decree I believe the America/Rio_Branco +# timezone shall be modified from UTC-5 to UTC-4 and a new timezone shall +# be created to represent the...west side of the Pará State. I +# suggest this new timezone be called Santarem as the most +# important/populated city in the affected area. +# +# This new timezone would be the same as the Rio_Branco timezone up to +# the 2008/06/24 change which would be to UTC-3 instead of UTC-4. + +# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-24): +# This is a quick reference page for New and Old Brazil Time Zones map. +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/brazil-time-new-old.php +# +# - 4 time zones replaced by 3 time zones - eliminating time zone UTC-05 +# (state Acre and the part of the Amazonas will be UTC/GMT-04) - western +# part of Par state is moving to one timezone UTC-03 (from UTC-04). + +# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-10): +# The official decrees referenced below are mostly taken from +# Decretos sobre o Horário de Verão no Brasil. +# http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-29): +# As announced by the government and many newspapers in Brazil late +# yesterday, Brazil will start DST on 2008-10-19 (need to change rule) and +# it will end on 2009-02-15 (current rule for Brazil is fine). Based on +# past years experience with the elections, there was a good chance that +# the start was postponed to November, but it did not happen this year. +# +# It has not yet been posted to http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html +# +# An official page about it: +# http://www.mme.gov.br/site/news/detail.do?newsId=16722 +# Note that this link does not always work directly, but must be accessed +# by going to +# http://www.mme.gov.br/first +# +# One example link that works directly: +# http://jornale.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13530&Itemid=54 +# (Portuguese) +# +# We have a written a short article about it as well: +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/brazil-dst-2008-2009.html +# +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-04): +# State Bahia will return to Daylight savings time this year after 8 years off. +# The announcement was made by Governor Jaques Wagner in an interview to a +# television station in Salvador. + +# In Portuguese: +# http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2011/10/governador-jaques-wagner-confirma-horario-de-verao-na-bahia.html +# https://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/noticias/0,,OI5390887-EI8139,00-Bahia+volta+a+ter+horario+de+verao+apos+oito+anos.html + +# From Guilherme Bernardes Rodrigues (2011-10-07): +# There is news in the media, however there is still no decree about it. +# I just send a e-mail to Zulmira Brandao at http://pcdsh01.on.br/ the +# official agency about time in Brazil, and she confirmed that the old rule is +# still in force. + +# From Guilherme Bernardes Rodrigues (2011-10-14) +# It's official, the President signed a decree that includes Bahia in summer +# time. +# [ and in a second message (same day): ] +# I found the decree. +# +# DECRETO No. 7.584, DE 13 DE OUTUBRO DE 2011 +# Link : +# http://www.in.gov.br/visualiza/index.jsp?data=13/10/2011&jornal=1000&pagina=6&totalArquivos=6 + +# From Kelley Cook (2012-10-16): +# The governor of state of Bahia in Brazil announced on Thursday that +# due to public pressure, he is reversing the DST policy they implemented +# last year and will not be going to Summer Time on October 21st.... +# http://www.correio24horas.com.br/r/artigo/apos-pressoes-wagner-suspende-horario-de-verao-na-bahia + +# From Rodrigo Severo (2012-10-16): +# Tocantins state will have DST. +# https://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/noticias/0,,OI6232536-EI306.html + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-20): +# Tocantins in Brazil is very likely not to observe DST from October.... +# http://conexaoto.com.br/2013/09/18/ministerio-confirma-que-tocantins-esta-fora-do-horario-de-verao-em-2013-mas-falta-publicacao-de-decreto +# We will keep this article updated when this is confirmed: +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/brazil-starts-dst-2013.html + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-10-17): +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/acre-amazonas-change-time-zone.html +# Senator Jorge Viana announced that Acre will change time zone on November 10. +# He did not specify the time of the change, nor if western parts of Amazonas +# will change as well. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-17): +# For now, assume western Amazonas will change as well. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +# Decree 20,466 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV20466.htm> (1931-10-01) +# Decree 21,896 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV21896.htm> (1932-01-10) +Rule Brazil 1931 only - Oct 3 11:00 1:00 - +Rule Brazil 1932 1933 - Apr 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Brazil 1932 only - Oct 3 0:00 1:00 - +# Decree 23,195 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV23195.htm> (1933-10-10) +# revoked DST. +# Decree 27,496 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV27496.htm> (1949-11-24) +# Decree 27,998 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV27998.htm> (1950-04-13) +Rule Brazil 1949 1952 - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Brazil 1950 only - Apr 16 1:00 0 - +Rule Brazil 1951 1952 - Apr 1 0:00 0 - +# Decree 32,308 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV32308.htm> (1953-02-24) +Rule Brazil 1953 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 - +# Decree 34,724 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV34724.htm> (1953-11-30) +# revoked DST. +# Decree 52,700 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV52700.htm> (1963-10-18) +# established DST from 1963-10-23 00:00 to 1964-02-29 00:00 +# in SP, RJ, GB, MG, ES, due to the prolongation of the drought. +# Decree 53,071 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV53071.htm> (1963-12-03) +# extended the above decree to all of the national territory on 12-09. +Rule Brazil 1963 only - Dec 9 0:00 1:00 - +# Decree 53,604 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV53604.htm> (1964-02-25) +# extended summer time by one day to 1964-03-01 00:00 (start of school). +Rule Brazil 1964 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 - +# Decree 55,639 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV55639.htm> (1965-01-27) +Rule Brazil 1965 only - Jan 31 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Brazil 1965 only - Mar 31 0:00 0 - +# Decree 57,303 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV57303.htm> (1965-11-22) +Rule Brazil 1965 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 - +# Decree 57,843 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV57843.htm> (1966-02-18) +Rule Brazil 1966 1968 - Mar 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Brazil 1966 1967 - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 - +# Decree 63,429 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV63429.htm> (1968-10-15) +# revoked DST. +# Decree 91,698 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV91698.htm> (1985-09-27) +Rule Brazil 1985 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 - +# Decree 92,310 (1986-01-21) +# Decree 92,463 (1986-03-13) +Rule Brazil 1986 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 - +# Decree 93,316 (1986-10-01) +Rule Brazil 1986 only - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Brazil 1987 only - Feb 14 0:00 0 - +# Decree 94,922 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV94922.htm> (1987-09-22) +Rule Brazil 1987 only - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Brazil 1988 only - Feb 7 0:00 0 - +# Decree 96,676 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV96676.htm> (1988-09-12) +# except for the states of AC, AM, PA, RR, RO, and AP (then a territory) +Rule Brazil 1988 only - Oct 16 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Brazil 1989 only - Jan 29 0:00 0 - +# Decree 98,077 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV98077.htm> (1989-08-21) +# with the same exceptions +Rule Brazil 1989 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Brazil 1990 only - Feb 11 0:00 0 - +# Decree 99,530 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV99530.htm> (1990-09-17) +# adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, GO, MS, DF. +# Decree 99,629 (1990-10-19) adds BA, MT. +Rule Brazil 1990 only - Oct 21 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Brazil 1991 only - Feb 17 0:00 0 - +# Unnumbered decree <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1991.htm> (1991-09-25) +# adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, BA, GO, MT, MS, DF. +Rule Brazil 1991 only - Oct 20 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Brazil 1992 only - Feb 9 0:00 0 - +# Unnumbered decree <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1992.htm> (1992-10-16) +# adopted by same states. +Rule Brazil 1992 only - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Brazil 1993 only - Jan 31 0:00 0 - +# Decree 942 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV942.htm> (1993-09-28) +# adopted by same states, plus AM. +# Decree 1,252 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1252.htm> (1994-09-22; +# web page corrected 2004-01-07) adopted by same states, minus AM. +# Decree 1,636 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1636.htm> (1995-09-14) +# adopted by same states, plus MT and TO. +# Decree 1,674 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1674.htm> (1995-10-13) +# adds AL, SE. +Rule Brazil 1993 1995 - Oct Sun>=11 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Brazil 1994 1995 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 - +Rule Brazil 1996 only - Feb 11 0:00 0 - +# Decree 2,000 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV2000.htm> (1996-09-04) +# adopted by same states, minus AL, SE. +Rule Brazil 1996 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Brazil 1997 only - Feb 16 0:00 0 - +# From Daniel C. Sobral (1998-02-12): +# In 1997, the DS began on October 6. The stated reason was that +# because international television networks ignored Brazil's policy on DS, +# they bought the wrong times on satellite for coverage of Pope's visit. +# This year, the ending date of DS was postponed to March 1 +# to help dealing with the shortages of electric power. +# +# Decree 2,317 (1997-09-04), adopted by same states. +Rule Brazil 1997 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 - +# Decree 2,495 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV2495.JPG> +# (1998-02-10) +Rule Brazil 1998 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 - +# Decree 2,780 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/Hv98.jpg> (1998-09-11) +# adopted by the same states as before. +Rule Brazil 1998 only - Oct 11 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Brazil 1999 only - Feb 21 0:00 0 - +# Decree 3,150 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV3150.gif> +# (1999-08-23) adopted by same states. +# Decree 3,188 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV99.gif> (1999-09-30) +# adds SE, AL, PB, PE, RN, CE, PI, MA and RR. +Rule Brazil 1999 only - Oct 3 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Brazil 2000 only - Feb 27 0:00 0 - +# Decree 3,592 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/DEC3592.htm> (2000-09-06) +# adopted by the same states as before. +# Decree 3,630 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/Dec3630.jpg> (2000-10-13) +# repeals DST in PE and RR, effective 2000-10-15 00:00. +# Decree 3,632 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/Dec3632.jpg> (2000-10-17) +# repeals DST in SE, AL, PB, RN, CE, PI and MA, effective 2000-10-22 00:00. +# Decree 3,916 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV3916.gif> +# (2001-09-13) reestablishes DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE. +Rule Brazil 2000 2001 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Brazil 2001 2006 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 - +# Decree 4,399 (2002-10-01) repeals DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE. +# 4,399 <http://www.presidencia.gov.br/CCIVIL/decreto/2002/D4399.htm> +Rule Brazil 2002 only - Nov 3 0:00 1:00 - +# Decree 4,844 (2003-09-24; corrected 2003-09-26) repeals DST in BA, MT, TO. +# 4,844 <http://www.presidencia.gov.br/CCIVIL/decreto/2003/D4844.htm> +Rule Brazil 2003 only - Oct 19 0:00 1:00 - +# Decree 5,223 (2004-10-01) reestablishes DST in MT. +# 5,223 <http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2004-2006/2004/Decreto/D5223.htm> +Rule Brazil 2004 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 - +# Decree 5,539 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV5539.gif> (2005-09-19), +# adopted by the same states as before. +Rule Brazil 2005 only - Oct 16 0:00 1:00 - +# Decree 5,920 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV5920.gif> (2006-10-03), +# adopted by the same states as before. +Rule Brazil 2006 only - Nov 5 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Brazil 2007 only - Feb 25 0:00 0 - +# Decree 6,212 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV6212.gif> (2007-09-26), +# adopted by the same states as before. +Rule Brazil 2007 only - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 - +# From Frederico A. C. Neves (2008-09-10): +# According to this decree +# http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2007-2010/2008/Decreto/D6558.htm +# [t]he DST period in Brazil now on will be from the 3rd Oct Sunday to the +# 3rd Feb Sunday. There is an exception on the return date when this is +# the Carnival Sunday then the return date will be the next Sunday... +Rule Brazil 2008 2017 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Brazil 2008 2011 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 - +# Decree 7,584 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HVdecreto7584_20111013.jpg> (2011-10-13) +# added Bahia. +Rule Brazil 2012 only - Feb Sun>=22 0:00 0 - +# Decree 7,826 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HVdecreto7826_20121015.jpg> (2012-10-15) +# removed Bahia and added Tocantins. +# Decree 8,112 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HVdecreto8112_20130930.JPG> (2013-09-30) +# removed Tocantins. +Rule Brazil 2013 2014 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 - +Rule Brazil 2015 only - Feb Sun>=22 0:00 0 - +Rule Brazil 2016 2019 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 - +# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-12-18): +# According to many media sources, next year's DST start in Brazil will move to +# the first Sunday of November +# ... https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/brazil-delays-dst-2018.html +# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-12-20): +# http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2015-2018/2017/decreto/D9242.htm +# From Fábio Gomes (2018-10-04): +# The Brazilian president just announced a new change on this year DST. +# It was scheduled to start on November 4th and it was changed to November 18th. +# From Rodrigo Brüning Wessler (2018-10-15): +# The Brazilian government just announced that the change in DST was +# canceled.... Maybe the president Michel Temer also woke up one hour +# earlier today. :) +Rule Brazil 2018 only - Nov Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 - +# The last ruleset listed above says that the following states observed DST: +# DF, ES, GO, MG, MS, MT, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. +# +# From Steffen Thorsen (2019-04-05): +# According to multiple sources the Brazilian president wants to get rid of DST. +# https://gmconline.com.br/noticias/politica/bolsonaro-horario-de-verao-deve-acabar-este-ano +# https://g1.globo.com/economia/noticia/2019/04/05/governo-anuncia-fim-do-horario-de-verao.ghtml +# From Marcus Diniz (2019-04-25): +# Brazil no longer has DST changes - decree signed today +# https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2019/04/25/bolsonaro-assina-decreto-que-acaba-com-o-horario-de-verao.ghtml +# From Daniel Soares de Oliveira (2019-04-26): +# http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2019-2022/2019/Decreto/D9772.htm + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +# +# Fernando de Noronha (administratively part of PE) +Zone America/Noronha -2:09:40 - LMT 1914 + -2:00 Brazil -02/-01 1990 Sep 17 + -2:00 - -02 1999 Sep 30 + -2:00 Brazil -02/-01 2000 Oct 15 + -2:00 - -02 2001 Sep 13 + -2:00 Brazil -02/-01 2002 Oct 1 + -2:00 - -02 +# Other Atlantic islands have no permanent settlement. +# These include Trindade and Martim Vaz (administratively part of ES), +# Rocas Atoll (RN), and the St Peter and St Paul Archipelago (PE). +# Fernando de Noronha was a separate territory from 1942-09-02 to 1989-01-01; +# it also included the Penedos. +# +# Amapá (AP), east Pará (PA) +# East Pará includes Belém, Marabá, Serra Norte, and São Félix do Xingu. +# The division between east and west Pará is the river Xingu. +# In the north a very small part from the river Javary (now Jari I guess, +# the border with Amapá) to the Amazon, then to the Xingu. +Zone America/Belem -3:13:56 - LMT 1914 + -3:00 Brazil -03/-02 1988 Sep 12 + -3:00 - -03 +# +# west Pará (PA) +# West Pará includes Altamira, Óbidos, Prainha, Oriximiná, and Santarém. +Zone America/Santarem -3:38:48 - LMT 1914 + -4:00 Brazil -04/-03 1988 Sep 12 + -4:00 - -04 2008 Jun 24 0:00 + -3:00 - -03 +# +# Maranhão (MA), Piauí (PI), Ceará (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN), +# Paraíba (PB) +Zone America/Fortaleza -2:34:00 - LMT 1914 + -3:00 Brazil -03/-02 1990 Sep 17 + -3:00 - -03 1999 Sep 30 + -3:00 Brazil -03/-02 2000 Oct 22 + -3:00 - -03 2001 Sep 13 + -3:00 Brazil -03/-02 2002 Oct 1 + -3:00 - -03 +# +# Pernambuco (PE) (except Atlantic islands) +Zone America/Recife -2:19:36 - LMT 1914 + -3:00 Brazil -03/-02 1990 Sep 17 + -3:00 - -03 1999 Sep 30 + -3:00 Brazil -03/-02 2000 Oct 15 + -3:00 - -03 2001 Sep 13 + -3:00 Brazil -03/-02 2002 Oct 1 + -3:00 - -03 +# +# Tocantins (TO) +Zone America/Araguaina -3:12:48 - LMT 1914 + -3:00 Brazil -03/-02 1990 Sep 17 + -3:00 - -03 1995 Sep 14 + -3:00 Brazil -03/-02 2003 Sep 24 + -3:00 - -03 2012 Oct 21 + -3:00 Brazil -03/-02 2013 Sep + -3:00 - -03 +# +# Alagoas (AL), Sergipe (SE) +Zone America/Maceio -2:22:52 - LMT 1914 + -3:00 Brazil -03/-02 1990 Sep 17 + -3:00 - -03 1995 Oct 13 + -3:00 Brazil -03/-02 1996 Sep 4 + -3:00 - -03 1999 Sep 30 + -3:00 Brazil -03/-02 2000 Oct 22 + -3:00 - -03 2001 Sep 13 + -3:00 Brazil -03/-02 2002 Oct 1 + -3:00 - -03 +# +# Bahia (BA) +# There are too many Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/Bahia instead +# of America/Salvador. +Zone America/Bahia -2:34:04 - LMT 1914 + -3:00 Brazil -03/-02 2003 Sep 24 + -3:00 - -03 2011 Oct 16 + -3:00 Brazil -03/-02 2012 Oct 21 + -3:00 - -03 +# +# Goiás (GO), Distrito Federal (DF), Minas Gerais (MG), +# Espírito Santo (ES), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), São Paulo (SP), Paraná (PR), +# Santa Catarina (SC), Rio Grande do Sul (RS) +Zone America/Sao_Paulo -3:06:28 - LMT 1914 + -3:00 Brazil -03/-02 1963 Oct 23 0:00 + -3:00 1:00 -02 1964 + -3:00 Brazil -03/-02 +# +# Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) +Zone America/Campo_Grande -3:38:28 - LMT 1914 + -4:00 Brazil -04/-03 +# +# Mato Grosso (MT) +Zone America/Cuiaba -3:44:20 - LMT 1914 + -4:00 Brazil -04/-03 2003 Sep 24 + -4:00 - -04 2004 Oct 1 + -4:00 Brazil -04/-03 +# +# Rondônia (RO) +Zone America/Porto_Velho -4:15:36 - LMT 1914 + -4:00 Brazil -04/-03 1988 Sep 12 + -4:00 - -04 +# +# Roraima (RR) +Zone America/Boa_Vista -4:02:40 - LMT 1914 + -4:00 Brazil -04/-03 1988 Sep 12 + -4:00 - -04 1999 Sep 30 + -4:00 Brazil -04/-03 2000 Oct 15 + -4:00 - -04 +# +# east Amazonas (AM): Boca do Acre, Jutaí, Manaus, Floriano Peixoto +# The great circle line from Tabatinga to Porto Acre divides +# east from west Amazonas. +Zone America/Manaus -4:00:04 - LMT 1914 + -4:00 Brazil -04/-03 1988 Sep 12 + -4:00 - -04 1993 Sep 28 + -4:00 Brazil -04/-03 1994 Sep 22 + -4:00 - -04 +# +# west Amazonas (AM): Atalaia do Norte, Boca do Maoco, Benjamin Constant, +# Eirunepé, Envira, Ipixuna +Zone America/Eirunepe -4:39:28 - LMT 1914 + -5:00 Brazil -05/-04 1988 Sep 12 + -5:00 - -05 1993 Sep 28 + -5:00 Brazil -05/-04 1994 Sep 22 + -5:00 - -05 2008 Jun 24 0:00 + -4:00 - -04 2013 Nov 10 + -5:00 - -05 +# +# Acre (AC) +Zone America/Rio_Branco -4:31:12 - LMT 1914 + -5:00 Brazil -05/-04 1988 Sep 12 + -5:00 - -05 2008 Jun 24 0:00 + -4:00 - -04 2013 Nov 10 + -5:00 - -05 + +# Chile + +# From Paul Eggert (2022-03-15): +# Shanks & Pottenger says America/Santiago introduced standard time in +# 1890 and rounds its UT offset to 70W40; guess that in practice this +# was the same offset as in 1916-1919. It also says Pacific/Easter +# standardized on 109W22 in 1890; assume this didn't change the clocks. +# +# Dates for America/Santiago from 1910 to 2004 are primarily from +# the following source, cited by Oscar van Vlijmen (2006-10-08): +# [1] Chile Law +# http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/chile.html +# This contains a copy of this official table: +# Cambios en la hora oficial de Chile desde 1900 (retrieved 2008-03-30) +# https://web.archive.org/web/20080330200901/http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm +# [1] needs several corrections, though. +# +# The first set of corrections is from: +# [2] History of the Official Time of Chile +# http://www.horaoficial.cl/ing/horaof_ing.html (retrieved 2012-03-06). See: +# https://web.archive.org/web/20120306042032/http://www.horaoficial.cl/ing/horaof_ing.html +# This is an English translation of: +# Historia de la hora oficial de Chile (retrieved 2012-10-24). See: +# https://web.archive.org/web/20121024234627/http://www.horaoficial.cl/horaof.htm +# A fancier Spanish version (requiring mouse-clicking) is at: +# http://www.horaoficial.cl/historia_hora.php +# Conflicts between [1] and [2] were resolved as follows: +# +# - [1] says the 1910 transition was Jan 1, [2] says Jan 10 and cites +# Boletín No. 1, Aviso No. 1 (1910). Go with [2]. +# +# - [1] says SMT was -4:42:45, [2] says Chile's official time from +# 1916 to 1919 was -4:42:46.3, the meridian of Chile's National +# Astronomical Observatory (OAN), then located in what is now +# Quinta Normal in Santiago. Go with [1], as this matches the meridian +# referred to by the relevant Chilean laws to this day. +# +# - [1] says the 1918 transition was Sep 1, [2] says Sep 10 and cites +# Boletín No. 22, Aviso No. 129/1918 (1918-08-23). Go with [2]. +# +# - [1] does not give times for transitions; assume they occur +# at midnight mainland time, the current common practice. However, +# go with [2]'s specification of 23:00 for the 1947-05-21 transition. +# +# Another correction to [1] is from Jesper Nørgaard Welen, who +# wrote (2006-10-08), "I think that there are some obvious mistakes in +# the suggested link from Oscar van Vlijmen,... for instance entry 66 +# says that GMT-4 ended 1990-09-12 while entry 67 only begins GMT-3 at +# 1990-09-15 (they should have been 1990-09-15 and 1990-09-16 +# respectively), but anyhow it clears up some doubts too." +# +# Data for Pacific/Easter from 1910 through 1967 come from Shanks & +# Pottenger. After that, for lack of better info assume +# Pacific/Easter is always two hours behind America/Santiago; +# this is known to work for DST transitions starting in 2008 and +# may well be true for earlier transitions. + +# From Tim Parenti (2022-07-06): +# For a brief period of roughly six weeks in 1946, DST was only observed on an +# emergency basis in specific regions of central Chile; namely, "the national +# territory between the provinces of Coquimbo and Concepción, inclusive". +# This was enacted by Decree 3,891, dated 1946-07-13, and took effect +# 1946-07-14 24:00, advancing these central regions to -03. +# https://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/versiones-anteriores/do-h/19460715/#page/1 +# The decree contemplated "[t]hat this advancement of the Official Time, even +# though it has been proposed for the cities of Santiago and Valparaíso only, +# must be agreed with that of other cities, due to the connection of various +# activities that require it, such as, for example, the operation of rail +# services". It was originally set to expire after 30 days but was extended +# through 1946-08-31 by Decree 4,506, dated 1946-08-13. +# https://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/versiones-anteriores/do-h/19460814/#page/1 +# +# Law Number 8,522, promulgated 1946-08-27, reunified Chilean clocks at their +# new "Summer Time" of -04, reckoned as that of "the meridian of the +# Astronomical Observatory of Lo Espejo, advanced by 42 minutes and 45 +# seconds". Although this law specified the new Summer Time to start on 1 +# September each year, a special "transitional article" started it a few days +# early, as soon as the law took effect. As the law was to take force "from +# the date of its publication in the 'Diario Oficial', which happened the +# following day, presume the change took place in Santiago and its environs +# from 24:00 -03 to 23:00 -04 on Wednesday 1946-08-28. Although this was a +# no-op for wall clocks in the north and south of the country, put their formal +# start to DST an hour later when they reached 24:00 -04. +# https://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/versiones-anteriores/do-h/19460828/#page/1 +# After a brief "Winter Time" stint at -05 beginning 1947-04-01, Law Number +# 8,777, promulgated 1947-05-17, established year-round -04 "from 23:00 on the +# second day after it is published in the 'Diario Oficial'." It was published +# on Monday 1947-05-19 and so took effect from Wednesday 1947-05-21 23:00. +# https://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/versiones-anteriores/do-h/19470519/#page/1 + +# From Eduardo Krell (1995-10-19): +# The law says to switch to DST at midnight [24:00] on the second SATURDAY +# of October.... The law is the same for March and October. +# (1998-09-29): +# Because of the drought this year, the government decided to go into +# DST earlier (saturday 9/26 at 24:00). This is a one-time change only ... +# (unless there's another dry season next year, I guess). + +# From Julio I. Pacheco Troncoso (1999-03-18): +# Because of the same drought, the government decided to end DST later, +# on April 3, (one-time change). + +# From Germán Poo-Caamaño (2008-03-03): +# Due to drought, Chile extends Daylight Time in three weeks. This +# is one-time change (Saturday 3/29 at 24:00 for America/Santiago +# and Saturday 3/29 at 22:00 for Pacific/Easter) +# The Supreme Decree is located at +# http://www.shoa.cl/servicios/supremo316.pdf +# +# From José Miguel Garrido (2008-03-05): +# http://www.shoa.cl/noticias/2008/04hora/hora.htm + +# From Angel Chiang (2010-03-04): +# Subject: DST in Chile exceptionally extended to 3 April due to earthquake +# http://www.gobiernodechile.cl/viewNoticia.aspx?idArticulo=30098 +# +# From Arthur David Olson (2010-03-06): +# Angel Chiang's message confirmed by Julio Pacheco; Julio provided a patch. + +# From Glenn Eychaner (2011-03-28): +# http://diario.elmercurio.com/2011/03/28/_portada/_portada/noticias/7565897A-CA86-49E6-9E03-660B21A4883E.htm?id=3D{7565897A-CA86-49E6-9E03-660B21A4883E} +# In English: +# Chile's clocks will go back an hour this year on the 7th of May instead +# of this Saturday. They will go forward again the 3rd Saturday in +# August, not in October as they have since 1968. + +# From Mauricio Parada (2012-02-22), translated by Glenn Eychaner (2012-02-23): +# As stated in the website of the Chilean Energy Ministry +# http://www.minenergia.cl/ministerio/noticias/generales/gobierno-anuncia-fechas-de-cambio-de.html +# The Chilean Government has decided to postpone the entrance into winter time +# (to leave DST) from March 11 2012 to April 28th 2012.... +# Quote from the website communication: +# +# 6. For the year 2012, the dates of entry into winter time will be as follows: +# a. Saturday April 28, 2012, clocks should go back 60 minutes; that is, at +# 23:59:59, instead of passing to 0:00, the time should be adjusted to be 23:00 +# of the same day. +# b. Saturday, September 1, 2012, clocks should go forward 60 minutes; that is, +# at 23:59:59, instead of passing to 0:00, the time should be adjusted to be +# 01:00 on September 2. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-02-15): +# According to several news sources, Chile has extended DST this year, +# they will end DST later and start DST earlier than planned. They +# hope to save energy. The new end date is 2013-04-28 00:00 and new +# start date is 2013-09-08 00:00.... +# http://www.gob.cl/informa/2013/02/15/gobierno-anuncia-fechas-de-cambio-de-hora-para-el-ano-2013.htm + +# From José Miguel Garrido (2014-02-19): +# Today appeared in the Diario Oficial a decree amending the time change +# dates to 2014. +# DST End: last Saturday of April 2014 (Sun 27 Apr 2014 03:00 UTC) +# DST Start: first Saturday of September 2014 (Sun 07 Sep 2014 04:00 UTC) +# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl//media/2014/02/19/do-20140219.pdf + +# From Eduardo Romero Urra (2015-03-03): +# Today has been published officially that Chile will use the DST time +# permanently until March 25 of 2017 +# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/media/2015/03/03/1-large.jpg +# +# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03): +# For now, assume that the extension will persist indefinitely. + +# From Juan Correa (2016-03-18): +# The decree regarding DST has been published in today's Official Gazette: +# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/versiones-anteriores/do/20160318/ +# http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=1088502 +# It does consider the second Saturday of May and August as the dates +# for the transition; and it lists DST dates until 2019, but I think +# this scheme will stick. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): +# For now, assume the pattern holds for the indefinite future. +# The decree says transitions occur at 24:00; in practice this appears +# to mean 24:00 mainland time, not 24:00 local time, so that Easter +# Island is always two hours behind the mainland. + +# From Juan Correa (2016-12-04): +# Magallanes region ... will keep DST (UTC -3) all year round.... +# http://www.soychile.cl/Santiago/Sociedad/2016/12/04/433428/Bachelet-firmo-el-decreto-para-establecer-un-horario-unico-para-la-Region-de-Magallanes.aspx +# From Deborah Goldsmith (2017-01-19): +# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/publicaciones/2017/01/17/41660/01/1169626.pdf + +# From Juan Correa (2018-08-13): +# As of moments ago, the Ministry of Energy in Chile has announced the new +# schema for DST. ... Announcement in video (in Spanish): +# https://twitter.com/MinEnergia/status/1029000399129374720 +# From Yonathan Dossow (2018-08-13): +# The video says "first Saturday of September", we all know it means Sunday at +# midnight. +# From Tim Parenti (2018-08-13): +# Translating the captions on the video at 0:44-0:55, "We want to announce as +# Government that from 2019, Winter Time will be increased to 5 months, between +# the first Saturday of April and the first Saturday of September." +# At 2:08-2:20, "The Magallanes region will maintain its current time, as +# decided by the citizens during 2017, but our Government will promote a +# regional dialogue table to gather their opinion on this matter." +# https://twitter.com/MinEnergia/status/1029009354001973248 +# "We will keep the new time policy unchanged for at least the next 4 years." +# So we extend the new rules on Saturdays at 24:00 mainland time indefinitely. +# From Juan Correa (2019-02-04): +# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/publicaciones/2018/11/23/42212/01/1498738.pdf + +# From Juan Correa (2022-04-02): +# I found there was a decree published last Thursday that will keep +# Magallanes region to UTC -3 "indefinitely". The decree is available at +# https://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/publicaciones/2022/03/31/43217-B/01/2108910.pdf + +# From Juan Correa (2022-08-09): +# the Internal Affairs Ministry (Ministerio del Interior) informed DST +# for America/Santiago will start on midnight of September 11th; +# and will end on April 1st, 2023. Magallanes region (America/Punta_Arenas) +# will keep UTC -3 "indefinitely"... This is because on September 4th +# we will have a voting whether to approve a new Constitution. +# +# From Eduardo Romero Urra (2022-08-17): +# https://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/publicaciones/2022/08/13/43327/01/2172567.pdf +# +# From Paul Eggert (2022-08-17): +# Although the presidential decree stops at fall 2026, assume that +# similar DST rules will continue thereafter. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Chile 1927 1931 - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Chile 1928 1932 - Apr 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Chile 1968 only - Nov 3 4:00u 1:00 - +Rule Chile 1969 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 - +Rule Chile 1969 only - Nov 23 4:00u 1:00 - +Rule Chile 1970 only - Mar 29 3:00u 0 - +Rule Chile 1971 only - Mar 14 3:00u 0 - +Rule Chile 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 - +Rule Chile 1972 1986 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - +Rule Chile 1973 only - Sep 30 4:00u 1:00 - +Rule Chile 1974 1987 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 - +Rule Chile 1987 only - Apr 12 3:00u 0 - +Rule Chile 1988 1990 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - +Rule Chile 1988 1989 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 - +Rule Chile 1990 only - Sep 16 4:00u 1:00 - +Rule Chile 1991 1996 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - +Rule Chile 1991 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 - +Rule Chile 1997 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 - +Rule Chile 1998 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - +Rule Chile 1998 only - Sep 27 4:00u 1:00 - +Rule Chile 1999 only - Apr 4 3:00u 0 - +Rule Chile 1999 2010 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 - +Rule Chile 2000 2007 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - +# N.B.: the end of March 29 in Chile is March 30 in Universal time, +# which is used below in specifying the transition. +Rule Chile 2008 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 - +Rule Chile 2009 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - +Rule Chile 2010 only - Apr Sun>=1 3:00u 0 - +Rule Chile 2011 only - May Sun>=2 3:00u 0 - +Rule Chile 2011 only - Aug Sun>=16 4:00u 1:00 - +Rule Chile 2012 2014 - Apr Sun>=23 3:00u 0 - +Rule Chile 2012 2014 - Sep Sun>=2 4:00u 1:00 - +Rule Chile 2016 2018 - May Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - +Rule Chile 2016 2018 - Aug Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 - +Rule Chile 2019 max - Apr Sun>=2 3:00u 0 - +Rule Chile 2019 2021 - Sep Sun>=2 4:00u 1:00 - +Rule Chile 2022 only - Sep Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 - +Rule Chile 2023 max - Sep Sun>=2 4:00u 1:00 - +# IATA SSIM anomalies: (1992-02) says 1992-03-14; +# (1996-09) says 1998-03-08. Ignore these. +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Santiago -4:42:45 - LMT 1890 + -4:42:45 - SMT 1910 Jan 10 # Santiago Mean Time + -5:00 - -05 1916 Jul 1 + -4:42:45 - SMT 1918 Sep 10 + -4:00 - -04 1919 Jul 1 + -4:42:45 - SMT 1927 Sep 1 + -5:00 Chile -05/-04 1932 Sep 1 + -4:00 - -04 1942 Jun 1 + -5:00 - -05 1942 Aug 1 + -4:00 - -04 1946 Jul 14 24:00 + -4:00 1:00 -03 1946 Aug 28 24:00 # central CL + -5:00 1:00 -04 1947 Mar 31 24:00 + -5:00 - -05 1947 May 21 23:00 + -4:00 Chile -04/-03 +Zone America/Punta_Arenas -4:43:40 - LMT 1890 + -4:42:45 - SMT 1910 Jan 10 + -5:00 - -05 1916 Jul 1 + -4:42:45 - SMT 1918 Sep 10 + -4:00 - -04 1919 Jul 1 + -4:42:45 - SMT 1927 Sep 1 + -5:00 Chile -05/-04 1932 Sep 1 + -4:00 - -04 1942 Jun 1 + -5:00 - -05 1942 Aug 1 + -4:00 - -04 1946 Aug 28 24:00 + -5:00 1:00 -04 1947 Mar 31 24:00 + -5:00 - -05 1947 May 21 23:00 + -4:00 Chile -04/-03 2016 Dec 4 + -3:00 - -03 +Zone Pacific/Easter -7:17:28 - LMT 1890 + -7:17:28 - EMT 1932 Sep # Easter Mean Time + -7:00 Chile -07/-06 1982 Mar 14 3:00u # Easter Time + -6:00 Chile -06/-05 +# +# Salas y Gómez Island is uninhabited. +# Other Chilean locations, including Juan Fernández Is, Desventuradas Is, +# and Antarctic bases, are like America/Santiago. + +# Antarctic base using South American rules +# (See the file 'antarctica' for more.) +# +# Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968) +# +# From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06): +# It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us +# and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line.... +# I verified with someone who was there that since 1980, +# Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War, +# Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina. +# +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - -00 1965 + -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1982 May + -4:00 Chile -04/-03 2016 Dec 4 + -3:00 - -03 + +# Colombia + +# Milne gives 4:56:16.4 for Bogotá time in 1899. He writes, +# "A variation of fifteen minutes in the public clocks of Bogota is not rare." + +# From Alois Treindl (2022-11-10): +# End of time change in Colombia 1993 ... should be 6 February 24h ... +# DECRETO 267 DE 1993 +# https://www.suin-juriscol.gov.co/viewDocument.asp?ruta=Decretos/1061335 + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule CO 1992 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 - +Rule CO 1993 only - Feb 6 24:00 0 - +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] + #STDOFF -4:56:16.4 +Zone America/Bogota -4:56:16 - LMT 1884 Mar 13 + -4:56:16 - BMT 1914 Nov 23 # Bogotá Mean Time + -5:00 CO -05/-04 +# Malpelo, Providencia, San Andres +# no information; probably like America/Bogota + + +# Ecuador +# +# Milne says the Central and South American Telegraph Company used -5:24:15. +# +# From Alois Treindl (2016-12-15): +# https://www.elcomercio.com/actualidad/hora-sixto-1993.html +# ... Whether the law applied also to Galápagos, I do not know. +# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-15): +# https://www.elcomercio.com/afull/modificacion-husohorario-ecuador-presidentes-decreto.html +# This says President Sixto Durán Ballén signed decree No. 285, which +# established DST from 1992-11-28 to 1993-02-05; it does not give transition +# times. The people called it "hora de Sixto" ("Sixto hour"). The change did +# not go over well; a popular song "Qué hora es" by Jaime Guevara had lyrics +# that included "Amanecía en mitad de la noche, los guaguas iban a clase sin +# sol" ("It was dawning in the middle of the night, the buses went to class +# without sun"). Although Ballén's campaign slogan was "Ni un paso atrás" +# (Not one step back), the clocks went back in 1993 and the experiment was not +# repeated. For now, assume transitions were at 00:00 local time country-wide. +# +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Ecuador 1992 only - Nov 28 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Ecuador 1993 only - Feb 5 0:00 0 - +# +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Guayaquil -5:19:20 - LMT 1890 + -5:14:00 - QMT 1931 # Quito Mean Time + -5:00 Ecuador -05/-04 +Zone Pacific/Galapagos -5:58:24 - LMT 1931 # Puerto Baquerizo Moreno + -5:00 - -05 1986 + -6:00 Ecuador -06/-05 + +# Falklands + +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# Between 1990 and 2000 inclusive, Shanks & Pottenger and the IATA agree except +# the IATA gives 1996-09-08. Go with Shanks & Pottenger. + +# From Falkland Islands Government Office, London (2001-01-22) +# via Jesper Nørgaard: +# ... the clocks revert back to Local Mean Time at 2 am on Sunday 15 +# April 2001 and advance one hour to summer time at 2 am on Sunday 2 +# September. It is anticipated that the clocks will revert back at 2 +# am on Sunday 21 April 2002 and advance to summer time at 2 am on +# Sunday 1 September. + +# From Rives McDow (2001-02-13): +# +# I have communicated several times with people there, and the last +# time I had communications that was helpful was in 1998. Here is +# what was said then: +# +# "The general rule was that Stanley used daylight saving and the Camp +# did not. However for various reasons many people in the Camp have +# started to use daylight saving (known locally as 'Stanley Time') +# There is no rule as to who uses daylight saving - it is a matter of +# personal choice and so it is impossible to draw a map showing who +# uses it and who does not. Any list would be out of date as soon as +# it was produced. This year daylight saving ended on April 18/19th +# and started again on September 12/13th. I do not know what the rule +# is, but can find out if you like. We do not change at the same time +# as UK or Chile." +# +# I did have in my notes that the rule was "Second Saturday in Sep at +# 0:00 until third Saturday in Apr at 0:00". I think that this does +# not agree in some cases with Shanks; is this true? +# +# Also, there is no mention in the list that some areas in the +# Falklands do not use DST. I have found in my communications there +# that these areas are on the western half of East Falkland and all of +# West Falkland. Stanley is the only place that consistently observes +# DST. Again, as in other places in the world, the farmers don't like +# it. West Falkland is almost entirely sheep farmers. +# +# I know one lady there that keeps a list of which farm keeps DST and +# which doesn't each year. She runs a shop in Stanley, and says that +# the list changes each year. She uses it to communicate to her +# customers, catching them when they are home for lunch or dinner. + +# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05): +# For now, we'll just record the time in Stanley, since we have no +# better info. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-04-01): +# The Falkland Islands will not turn back clocks this winter, but stay on +# daylight saving time. +# +# One source: +# http://www.falklandnews.com/public/story.cfm?get=5914&source=3 +# +# We have gotten this confirmed by a clerk of the legislative assembly: +# Normally the clocks revert to Local Mean Time (UTC/GMT -4 hours) on the +# third Sunday of April at 0200hrs and advance to Summer Time (UTC/GMT -3 +# hours) on the first Sunday of September at 0200hrs. +# +# IMPORTANT NOTE: During 2011, on a trial basis, the Falkland Islands +# will not revert to local mean time, but clocks will remain on Summer +# time (UTC/GMT - 3 hours) throughout the whole of 2011. Any long term +# change to local time following the trial period will be notified. +# +# From Andrew Newman (2012-02-24) +# A letter from Justin McPhee, Chief Executive, +# Cable & Wireless Falkland Islands (dated 2012-02-22) +# states... +# The current Atlantic/Stanley entry under South America expects the +# clocks to go back to standard Falklands Time (FKT) on the 15th April. +# The database entry states that in 2011 Stanley was staying on fixed +# summer time on a trial basis only. FIG need to contact IANA and/or +# the maintainers of the database to inform them we're adopting +# the same policy this year and suggest recommendations for future years. +# +# For now we will assume permanent -03 for the Falklands +# until advised differently (to apply for 2012 and beyond, after the 2011 +# experiment was apparently successful.) +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Falk 1937 1938 - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Falk 1938 1942 - Mar Sun>=19 0:00 0 - +Rule Falk 1939 only - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Falk 1940 1942 - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Falk 1943 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Falk 1983 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Falk 1984 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 0 - +Rule Falk 1984 only - Sep 16 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Falk 1985 2000 - Sep Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Falk 1986 2000 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 0 - +Rule Falk 2001 2010 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 0 - +Rule Falk 2001 2010 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Atlantic/Stanley -3:51:24 - LMT 1890 + -3:51:24 - SMT 1912 Mar 12 # Stanley Mean Time + -4:00 Falk -04/-03 1983 May + -3:00 Falk -03/-02 1985 Sep 15 + -4:00 Falk -04/-03 2010 Sep 5 2:00 + -3:00 - -03 + +# French Guiana +# For the 1911/1912 establishment of standard time in French possessions, see: +# Société Française de Physique, Recueil de constantes physiques (1913), +# page 752, 18b. +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Cayenne -3:29:20 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 + -4:00 - -04 1967 Oct + -3:00 - -03 + +# Guyana + +# From P Chan (2020-11-27): +# https://books.google.com/books?id=5-5CAQAAMAAJ&pg=SA1-PA547 +# The Official Gazette of British Guiana. (New Series.) Vol. XL. July to +# December, 1915, p 1547, lists as several notes: +# "Local Mean Time 3 hours 52 mins. 39 secs. slow of Greenwich Mean Time +# (Georgetown.) From 1st August, 1911, British Guiana Standard Mean Time 4 +# hours slow of Greenwich Mean Time, by notice in Official Gazette on 1st July, +# 1911. From 1st March, 1915, British Guiana Standard Mean Time 3 hours 45 +# mins. 0 secs. slow of Greenwich Mean Time, by notice in Official Gazette on +# 23rd January, 1915." +# +# https://parliament.gov.gy/documents/acts/10923-act_no._27_of_1975_-_interpretation_and_general_clauses_(amendment)_act_1975.pdf +# Interpretation and general clauses (Amendment) Act 1975 (Act No. 27 of 1975) +# [dated 1975-07-31] +# "This Act...shall come into operation on 1st August, 1975." +# "...where any expression of time occurs...the time referred to shall signify +# the standard time of Guyana which shall be three hours behind Greenwich Mean +# Time." +# +# Circular No. 10/1992 dated 1992-03-20 +# https://dps.gov.gy/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/1992-03-20-Circular-010.pdf +# "...cabinet has decided that with effect from Sunday 29th March, 1992, Guyana +# Standard Time would be re-established at 01:00 hours by adjusting the hands +# of the clock back to 24:00 hours." +# Legislated in the Interpretation and general clauses (Amendment) Act 1992 +# (Act No. 6 of 1992) [passed 1992-03-27, published 1992-04-18] +# https://parliament.gov.gy/documents/acts/5885-6_of_1992_interpretation_and_general_clauses_(amendment)_act_1992.pdf + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Guyana -3:52:39 - LMT 1911 Aug 1 # Georgetown + -4:00 - -04 1915 Mar 1 + -3:45 - -0345 1975 Aug 1 + -3:00 - -03 1992 Mar 29 1:00 + -4:00 - -04 + +# Paraguay +# +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# Shanks & Pottenger say that spring transitions are 01:00 -> 02:00, +# and autumn transitions are 00:00 -> 23:00. Go with pre-1999 +# editions of Shanks, and with the IATA, who say transitions occur at 00:00. +# +# From Waldemar Villamayor-Venialbo (2013-09-20): +# No time of the day is established for the adjustment, so people normally +# adjust their clocks at 0 hour of the given dates. +# +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Para 1975 1988 - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Para 1975 1978 - Mar 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Para 1979 1991 - Apr 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Para 1989 only - Oct 22 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Para 1990 only - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Para 1991 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Para 1992 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Para 1992 only - Oct 5 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Para 1993 only - Mar 31 0:00 0 - +Rule Para 1993 1995 - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Para 1994 1995 - Feb lastSun 0:00 0 - +Rule Para 1996 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 - +# IATA SSIM (2000-02) says 1999-10-10; ignore this for now. +# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-02): +# I have three independent reports that Paraguay changed to DST this Sunday +# (10-01). +# +# Translated by Gwillim Law (2001-02-27) from +# Noticias, a daily paper in Asunción, Paraguay (2000-10-01): +# http://www.diarionoticias.com.py/011000/nacional/naciona1.htm +# Starting at 0:00 today, the clock will be set forward 60 minutes, in +# fulfillment of Decree No. 7,273 of the Executive Power.... The time change +# system has been operating for several years. Formerly there was a separate +# decree each year; the new law has the same effect, but permanently. Every +# year, the time will change on the first Sunday of October; likewise, the +# clock will be set back on the first Sunday of March. +# +Rule Para 1996 2001 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 - +# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Mar 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger. +Rule Para 1997 only - Feb lastSun 0:00 0 - +# Shanks & Pottenger say 1999-02-28; IATA SSIM (1999-02) says 1999-02-27, but +# (1999-09) reports no date; go with above sources and Gerd Knops (2001-02-27). +Rule Para 1998 2001 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - +# From Rives McDow (2002-02-28): +# A decree was issued in Paraguay (No. 16350) on 2002-02-26 that changed the +# dst method to be from the first Sunday in September to the first Sunday in +# April. +Rule Para 2002 2004 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 - +Rule Para 2002 2003 - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 - +# +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-01-02): +# There are several sources that claim that Paraguay made +# a timezone rule change in autumn 2004. +# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-01-05): +# Decree 1,867 (2004-03-05) +# From Carlos Raúl Perasso via Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-13) +# http://www.presidencia.gov.py/decretos/D1867.pdf +Rule Para 2004 2009 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Para 2005 2009 - Mar Sun>=8 0:00 0 - +# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2010-02-18): +# By decree number 3958 issued yesterday +# http://www.presidencia.gov.py/v1/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/decreto3958.pdf +# Paraguay changes its DST schedule, postponing the March rule to April and +# modifying the October date. The decree reads: +# ... +# Art. 1. It is hereby established that from the second Sunday of the month of +# April of this year (2010), the official time is to be set back 60 minutes, +# and that on the first Sunday of the month of October, it is to be set +# forward 60 minutes, in all the territory of the Paraguayan Republic. +# ... +Rule Para 2010 max - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Para 2010 2012 - Apr Sun>=8 0:00 0 - +# +# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-07): +# Paraguay will end DST on 2013-03-24 00:00.... +# http://www.ande.gov.py/interna.php?id=1075 +# +# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2013-03-15): +# The change in Paraguay is now final. Decree number 10780 +# http://www.presidencia.gov.py/uploads/pdf/presidencia-3b86ff4b691c79d4f5927ca964922ec74772ce857c02ca054a52a37b49afc7fb.pdf +# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2014-02-28): +# Decree 1264 can be found at: +# http://www.presidencia.gov.py/archivos/documentos/DECRETO1264_ey9r8zai.pdf +# +# From Paul Eggert (2023-07-26): +# Transition dates are now set by Law No. 7115, not by presidential decree. +# https://www.abc.com.py/politica/2023/07/12/promulgacion-el-cambio-de-hora-sera-por-ley/ +# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2023-07-27): +# http://silpy.congreso.gov.py/descarga/ley-144138 +Rule Para 2013 max - Mar Sun>=22 0:00 0 - + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Asuncion -3:50:40 - LMT 1890 + -3:50:40 - AMT 1931 Oct 10 # Asunción Mean Time + -4:00 - -04 1972 Oct + -3:00 - -03 1974 Apr + -4:00 Para -04/-03 + +# Peru +# +# From Evelyn C. Leeper via Mark Brader (2003-10-26) +# <news:xrGmb.39935$gA1.13896113@news4.srv.hcvlny.cv.net>: +# When we were in Peru in 1985-1986, they apparently switched over +# sometime between December 29 and January 3 while we were on the Amazon. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# Shanks & Pottenger don't have this transition. Assume 1986 was like 1987. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Peru 1938 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Peru 1938 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Peru 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Peru 1939 1940 - Mar Sun>=24 0:00 0 - +Rule Peru 1986 1987 - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Peru 1986 1987 - Apr 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Peru 1990 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Peru 1990 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 - +# IATA is ambiguous for 1993/1995; go with Shanks & Pottenger. +Rule Peru 1994 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Peru 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 - +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Lima -5:08:12 - LMT 1890 + -5:08:36 - LMT 1908 Jul 28 # Lima Mean Time? + -5:00 Peru -05/-04 + +# South Georgia +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 - LMT 1890 # Grytviken + -2:00 - -02 + +# South Sandwich Is +# uninhabited; scientific personnel have wintered + +# Suriname +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Paramaribo -3:40:40 - LMT 1911 + -3:40:52 - PMT 1935 # Paramaribo Mean Time + -3:40:36 - PMT 1945 Oct # The capital moved? + -3:30 - -0330 1984 Oct + -3:00 - -03 + +# Uruguay +# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): +# Uruguay wins the prize for the strangest peacetime manipulation of the rules. +# +# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-20), per Jeremie Bonjour (2018-01-31) and Michael +# Deckers (2018-02-20): +# ... At least they kept good records... +# +# http://www.armada.mil.uy/ContenidosPDFs/sohma/web/almanaque/almanaque_2018.pdf#page=36 +# Page 36 of Almanaque 2018, published by the Oceanography, Hydrography, and +# Meteorology Service of the Uruguayan Navy, seems to give many transitions +# with greater clarity than we've had before. It directly references many laws +# and decrees which are, in turn, referenced below. They can be viewed in the +# public archives of the Diario Oficial (in Spanish) at +# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/ +# +# Ley No. 3920 of 1908-06-10 placed the determination of legal time under the +# auspices of the National Institute for the Prediction of Time. It is unclear +# exactly what offset was used during this period, though Ley No. 7200 of +# 1920-04-23 used the Observatory of the National Meteorological Institute in +# Montevideo (34° 54' 33" S, 56° 12' 45" W) as its reference meridian, +# retarding legal time by 15 minutes 9 seconds from 1920-04-30 24:00, +# resulting in UT-04. Assume the corresponding LMT of UT-03:44:51 (given on +# page 725 of the Proceedings of the Second Pan-American Scientific Congress, +# 1915-1916) was in use, and merely became official from 1908-06-10. +# https://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1908/06/18/12 +# https://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1920/04/27/9 +# +# Ley No. 7594 of 1923-06-28 specified legal time as Observatory time advanced +# by 44 minutes 51 seconds (UT-03) "from 30 September to 31 March", and by 14 +# minutes 51 seconds (UT-03:30) "the rest of the year"; a message from the +# National Council of Administration the same day, published directly below the +# law in the Diario Oficial, specified the first transition to be 1923-09-30 +# 24:00. This effectively established standard time at UT-03:30 with 30 +# minutes DST. Assume transitions at 24:00 on the specified days until Ley No. +# 7919 of 1926-03-05 ended this arrangement, repealing all "laws and other +# provisions which oppose" it, resulting in year-round UT-03:30; a Resolución +# of 1926-03-11 puts the final transition at 1926-03-31 24:00, the same as it +# would have been under the previous law. +# https://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1923/07/02/2 +# https://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1926/03/10/2 +# https://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1926/03/18/2 +# +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Uruguay 1923 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0:30 - +Rule Uruguay 1924 1926 - Apr 1 0:00 0 - +# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15): +# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1933/10/27/6 +# +# It appears Ley No. 9122 of 1933 was never published as such in the Diario +# Oficial, but instead appeared as Document 26 in the Diario on Friday +# 1933-10-27 as a decree made Monday 1933-10-23 and filed under the Ministry of +# National Defense. It reinstituted a DST of 30 minutes (to UT-03) "from the +# last Sunday of October...until the last Saturday of March." In accordance +# with this provision, the first transition was explicitly specified in Article +# 2 of the decree as Saturday 1933-10-28 at 24:00; that is, Sunday 1933-10-29 +# at 00:00. Assume transitions at 00:00 Sunday throughout. +# +# Departing from the matter-of-fact nature of previous timekeeping laws, the +# 1933 decree "consider[s] the advantages of...the advance of legal time": +# +# "Whereas: The measure adopted by almost all nations at the time of the last +# World War still persists in North America and Europe, precisely because of +# the economic, hygienic, and social advantages derived from such an +# emergency measure... +# +# Whereas: The advance of the legal time during the summer seasons, by +# displacing social activity near sunrise, favors the citizen populations +# and especially the society that creates and works..." +# +# It further specified that "necessary measures" be taken to ensure that +# "public spectacles finish, in general, before [01:00]." +Rule Uruguay 1933 1938 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 - +Rule Uruguay 1934 1941 - Mar lastSat 24:00 0 - +# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15): +# Most of the Rules below, and their contemporaneous Zone lines, have been +# updated simply to match the Almanaque 2018. Although the document does not +# list exact transition times, midnight transitions were already present in our +# data here for all transitions through 2004-09, and this is both consistent +# with prior transitions and verified in several decrees marked below between +# 1939-09 and 2004-09, wherein the relevant text was typically of the form: +# +# "From 0 hours on [date], the legal time of the entire Republic will be... +# +# In accordance with [the preceding], on [previous date] at 24 hours, all +# clocks throughout the Republic will be [advanced/retarded] by..." +# +# It is possible that there is greater specificity to be found for the Rules +# below, but it is buried in no fewer than 40 different decrees individually +# referenced by the Almanaque for the period from 1939-09 to 2014-09. +# Four-fifths of these were promulgated less than two weeks before taking +# effect; more than half within a week and none more than 5 weeks. Only the +# handful with comments below have been checked with any thoroughness. +Rule Uruguay 1939 only - Oct 1 0:00 0:30 - +Rule Uruguay 1940 only - Oct 27 0:00 0:30 - +# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15): +# Decreto 1145 of the Ministry of National Defense, dated 1941-07-26, specified +# UT-03 from Friday 1941-08-01 00:00, citing an "urgent...need to save fuel". +# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1941/08/04/1 +Rule Uruguay 1941 only - Aug 1 0:00 0:30 - +# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15): +# Decreto 1866 of the Ministry of National Defense, dated 1942-12-09, specified +# further advancement (to UT-02:30) from Sunday 1942-12-13 24:00. Since clocks +# never went back to UT-03:30 thereafter, this is modeled as advancing standard +# time by 30 minutes to UT-03, while retaining 30 minutes of DST. +# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1942/12/16/3 +Rule Uruguay 1942 only - Dec 14 0:00 0:30 - +Rule Uruguay 1943 only - Mar 14 0:00 0 - +Rule Uruguay 1959 only - May 24 0:00 0:30 - +Rule Uruguay 1959 only - Nov 15 0:00 0 - +Rule Uruguay 1960 only - Jan 17 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Uruguay 1960 only - Mar 6 0:00 0 - +Rule Uruguay 1965 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Uruguay 1965 only - Sep 26 0:00 0 - +# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15): +# Decreto 321/968 of 1968-05-25, citing emergency drought measures decreed the +# day before, brought clocks forward 30 minutes from Monday 1968-05-27 00:00. +# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1968/05/30/5 +Rule Uruguay 1968 only - May 27 0:00 0:30 - +Rule Uruguay 1968 only - Dec 1 0:00 0 - +# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15): +# Decreto 188/970 of 1970-04-23 instituted restrictions on electricity +# consumption "as a consequence of the current rainfall regime in the country". +# Articles 13 and 14 advanced clocks by an hour from Saturday 1970-04-25 00:00. +# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1970/04/29/4 +Rule Uruguay 1970 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Uruguay 1970 only - Jun 14 0:00 0 - +Rule Uruguay 1972 only - Apr 23 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Uruguay 1972 only - Jul 16 0:00 0 - +# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15): +# Decreto 29/974 of 1974-01-11, citing "the international rise in the price of +# oil", advanced clocks by 90 minutes (to UT-01:30). Decreto 163/974 of +# 1974-03-04 returned 60 of those minutes (to UT-02:30), and the remaining 30 +# minutes followed in Decreto 679/974 of 1974-08-29. +# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1974/01/22/11 +# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1974/03/14/3 +# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1974/09/04/6 +Rule Uruguay 1974 only - Jan 13 0:00 1:30 - +Rule Uruguay 1974 only - Mar 10 0:00 0:30 - +Rule Uruguay 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Uruguay 1974 only - Dec 22 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Uruguay 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 0 - +Rule Uruguay 1976 only - Dec 19 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Uruguay 1977 only - Mar 6 0:00 0 - +Rule Uruguay 1977 only - Dec 4 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Uruguay 1978 1979 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - +Rule Uruguay 1978 only - Dec 17 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Uruguay 1979 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Uruguay 1980 only - Mar 16 0:00 0 - +# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15): +# Decreto 725/987 of 1987-12-04 cited "better use of national tourist +# attractions" to advance clocks one hour from Monday 1987-12-14 00:00. +# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1988/01/25/1 +Rule Uruguay 1987 only - Dec 14 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Uruguay 1988 only - Feb 28 0:00 0 - +Rule Uruguay 1988 only - Dec 11 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Uruguay 1989 only - Mar 5 0:00 0 - +Rule Uruguay 1989 only - Oct 29 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Uruguay 1990 only - Feb 25 0:00 0 - +# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15), per Paul Eggert (1999-11-04): +# IATA agrees as below for 1990-10 through 1993-02. Per Almanaque 2018, the +# 1992/1993 season appears to be the first in over half a century where DST +# both began and ended pursuant to the same decree. +Rule Uruguay 1990 1991 - Oct Sun>=21 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Uruguay 1991 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - +Rule Uruguay 1992 only - Oct 18 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Uruguay 1993 only - Feb 28 0:00 0 - +# From Eduardo Cota (2004-09-20): +# The Uruguayan government has decreed a change in the local time.... +# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15): +# Decreto 328/004 of 2004-09-15. +# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/2004/09/23/documentos.pdf#page=1 +Rule Uruguay 2004 only - Sep 19 0:00 1:00 - +# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-03-11): +# Uruguay's DST was scheduled to end on Sunday, 2005-03-13, but in order to +# save energy ... it was postponed two weeks.... +# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15): +# This 2005 postponement is not in Almanaque 2018. Go with the contemporaneous +# reporting, which is confirmed by Decreto 107/005 of 2005-03-10 amending +# Decreto 328/004: +# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/2005/03/15/documentos.pdf#page=1 +# The original decree specified a transition of 2005-03-12 24:00, but the new +# one specified 2005-03-27 02:00. +Rule Uruguay 2005 only - Mar 27 2:00 0 - +# From Eduardo Cota (2005-09-27): +# ...from 2005-10-09 at 02:00 local time, until 2006-03-12 at 02:00 local time, +# official time in Uruguay will be at GMT -2. +# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15): +# Decreto 318/005 of 2005-09-19. +# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/2005/09/23/documentos.pdf#page=1 +Rule Uruguay 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Uruguay 2006 2015 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 0 - +# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15), per Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-09-06): +# Decreto 311/006 of 2006-09-04 established regular DST from the first Sunday +# of October at 02:00 through the second Sunday of March at 02:00. Almanaque +# 2018 appears to have a few typoed dates through this period; ignore them. +# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/2006/09/08/documentos.pdf#page=1 +Rule Uruguay 2006 2014 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - +# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-06-30): +# ... it looks like they will not be using DST the coming summer: +# http://www.elobservador.com.uy/gobierno-resolvio-que-no-habra-cambio-horario-verano-n656787 +# http://www.republica.com.uy/este-ano-no-se-modificara-el-huso-horario-en-uruguay/523760/ +# From Paul Eggert (2015-06-30): +# Apparently restaurateurs complained that DST caused people to go to the beach +# instead of out to dinner. +# From Pablo Camargo (2015-07-13): +# http://archivo.presidencia.gub.uy/sci/decretos/2015/06/cons_min_201.pdf +# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15): +# Decreto 178/015 of 2015-06-29; repeals Decreto 311/006. + +# This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z. +Zone America/Montevideo -3:44:51 - LMT 1908 Jun 10 + -3:44:51 - MMT 1920 May 1 # Montevideo MT + -4:00 - -04 1923 Oct 1 + -3:30 Uruguay -0330/-03 1942 Dec 14 + -3:00 Uruguay -03/-0230 1960 + -3:00 Uruguay -03/-02 1968 + -3:00 Uruguay -03/-0230 1970 + -3:00 Uruguay -03/-02 1974 + -3:00 Uruguay -03/-0130 1974 Mar 10 + -3:00 Uruguay -03/-0230 1974 Dec 22 + -3:00 Uruguay -03/-02 + +# Venezuela +# +# From Paul Eggert (2015-07-28): +# For the 1965 transition see Gaceta Oficial No. 27.619 (1964-12-15), p 205.533 +# http://www.pgr.gob.ve/dmdocuments/1964/27619.pdf +# +# From John Stainforth (2007-11-28): +# ... the change for Venezuela originally expected for 2007-12-31 has +# been brought forward to 2007-12-09. The official announcement was +# published today in the "Gaceta Oficial de la República Bolivariana +# de Venezuela, número 38.819" (official document for all laws or +# resolution publication) +# http://www.globovision.com/news.php?nid=72208 + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-04-15): +# https://actualidad.rt.com/actualidad/204758-venezuela-modificar-huso-horario-sequia-elnino +# +# From Paul Eggert (2016-04-15): +# Clocks advance 30 minutes on 2016-05-01 at 02:30.... +# "'Venezuela's new time-zone: hours without light, hours without water, +# hours of presidential broadcasts, hours of lines,' quipped comedian +# Jean Mary Curró ...". See: Cawthorne A, Kai D. Venezuela scraps +# half-hour time difference set by Chavez. Reuters 2016-04-15 14:50 -0400 +# https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-timezone-idUSKCN0XC2BE +# +# From Matt Johnson (2016-04-20): +# ... published in the official Gazette [2016-04-18], here: +# http://historico.tsj.gob.ve/gaceta_ext/abril/1842016/E-1842016-4551.pdf + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Caracas -4:27:44 - LMT 1890 + -4:27:40 - CMT 1912 Feb 12 # Caracas Mean Time? + -4:30 - -0430 1965 Jan 1 0:00 + -4:00 - -04 2007 Dec 9 3:00 + -4:30 - -0430 2016 May 1 2:30 + -4:00 - -04 diff --git a/theory.html b/theory.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..516d2a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/theory.html @@ -0,0 +1,1506 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html> +<html lang="en"> +<head> + <title>Theory and pragmatics of the tz code and data</title> + <meta charset="UTF-8"> + <style> + pre {margin-left: 2em; white-space: pre-wrap;} + </style> +</head> + +<body> +<h1>Theory and pragmatics of the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> code and data</h1> + <h3>Outline</h3> + <nav> + <ul> + <li><a href="#scope">Scope of the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> + database</a></li> + <li><a href="#naming">Timezone identifiers</a></li> + <li><a href="#abbreviations">Time zone abbreviations</a></li> + <li><a href="#accuracy">Accuracy of the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> + database</a></li> + <li><a href="#functions">Time and date functions</a></li> + <li><a href="#stability">Interface stability</a></li> + <li><a href="#leapsec">Leap seconds</a></li> + <li><a href="#calendar">Calendrical issues</a></li> + <li><a href="#planets">Time and time zones off earth</a></li> + </ul> + </nav> + +<section> + <h2 id="scope">Scope of the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database</h2> +<p> +The <a +href="https://www.iana.org/time-zones"><code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> +database</a> attempts to record the history and predicted future of +civil time scales. +It organizes <a href="tz-link.html">time zone and daylight saving time +data</a> by partitioning the world into <a +href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones"><dfn>timezones</dfn></a> +whose clocks all agree about timestamps that occur after the <a +href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_time">POSIX Epoch</a> +(1970-01-01 00:00:00 <a +href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time"><abbr +title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</abbr></a>). +Although 1970 is a somewhat-arbitrary cutoff, there are significant +challenges to moving the cutoff earlier even by a decade or two, due +to the wide variety of local practices before computer timekeeping +became prevalent. +Most timezones correspond to a notable location and the database +records all known clock transitions for that location; +some timezones correspond instead to a fixed <abbr>UTC</abbr> offset. +</p> + +<p> +Each timezone typically corresponds to a geographical region that is +smaller than a traditional time zone, because clocks in a timezone +all agree after 1970 whereas a traditional time zone merely +specifies current standard time. For example, applications that deal +with current and future timestamps in the traditional North +American mountain time zone can choose from the timezones +<code>America/Denver</code> which observes US-style daylight saving +time (<abbr>DST</abbr>), +and <code>America/Phoenix</code> which does not observe <abbr>DST</abbr>. +Applications that also deal with past timestamps in the mountain time +zone can choose from over a dozen timezones, such as +<code>America/Boise</code>, <code>America/Edmonton</code>, and +<code>America/Hermosillo</code>, each of which currently uses mountain +time but differs from other timezones for some timestamps after 1970. +</p> + +<p> +Clock transitions before 1970 are recorded for location-based timezones, +because most systems support timestamps before 1970 and could +misbehave if data entries were omitted for pre-1970 transitions. +However, the database is not designed for and does not suffice for +applications requiring accurate handling of all past times everywhere, +as it would take far too much effort and guesswork to record all +details of pre-1970 civil timekeeping. +Although some information outside the scope of the database is +collected in a file <code>backzone</code> that is distributed along +with the database proper, this file is less reliable and does not +necessarily follow database guidelines. +</p> + +<p> +As described below, reference source code for using the +<code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database is also available. +The <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> code is upwards compatible with <a +href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POSIX">POSIX</a>, an international +standard for <a +href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix">UNIX</a>-like systems. +As of this writing, the current edition of POSIX is: <a +href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/"> The Open +Group Base Specifications Issue 7</a>, IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, 2018 +Edition. +Because the database's scope encompasses real-world changes to civil +timekeeping, its model for describing time is more complex than the +standard and daylight saving times supported by POSIX.1-2017. +A <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> timezone corresponds to a ruleset that can +have more than two changes per year, these changes need not merely +flip back and forth between two alternatives, and the rules themselves +can change at times. +Whether and when a timezone changes its clock, +and even the timezone's notional base offset from <abbr>UTC</abbr>, +are variable. +It does not always make sense to talk about a timezone's +"base offset", which is not necessarily a single number. +</p> + +</section> + +<section> + <h2 id="naming">Timezone identifiers</h2> +<p> +Each timezone has a name that uniquely identifies the timezone. +Inexperienced users are not expected to select these names unaided. +Distributors should provide documentation and/or a simple selection +interface that explains each name via a map or via descriptive text like +"Czech Republic" instead of the timezone name "<code>Europe/Prague</code>". +If geolocation information is available, a selection interface can +locate the user on a timezone map or prioritize names that are +geographically close. For an example selection interface, see the +<code>tzselect</code> program in the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> code. +The <a href="https://cldr.unicode.org">Unicode Common Locale Data +Repository</a> contains data that may be useful for other selection +interfaces; it maps timezone names like <code>Europe/Prague</code> to +locale-dependent strings like "Prague", "Praha", "Прага", and "布拉格". +</p> + +<p> +The naming conventions attempt to strike a balance +among the following goals: +</p> + +<ul> + <li> + Uniquely identify every timezone where clocks have agreed since 1970. + This is essential for the intended use: static clocks keeping local + civil time. + </li> + <li> + Indicate to experts where the timezone's clocks typically are. + </li> + <li> + Be robust in the presence of political changes. + For example, names are typically not tied to countries, to avoid + incompatibilities when countries change their name (e.g., + Swaziland→Eswatini) or when locations change countries (e.g., Hong + Kong from UK colony to China). + There is no requirement that every country or national + capital must have a timezone name. + </li> + <li> + Be portable to a wide variety of implementations. + </li> + <li> + Use a consistent naming conventions over the entire world. + </li> +</ul> + +<p> +Names normally have the form +<var>AREA</var><code>/</code><var>LOCATION</var>, where +<var>AREA</var> is a continent or ocean, and +<var>LOCATION</var> is a specific location within the area. +North and South America share the same area, '<code>America</code>'. +Typical names are '<code>Africa/Cairo</code>', +'<code>America/New_York</code>', and '<code>Pacific/Honolulu</code>'. +Some names are further qualified to help avoid confusion; for example, +'<code>America/Indiana/Petersburg</code>' distinguishes Petersburg, +Indiana from other Petersburgs in America. +</p> + +<p> +Here are the general guidelines used for +choosing timezone names, +in decreasing order of importance: +</p> + +<ul> + <li> + Use only valid POSIX file name components (i.e., the parts of + names other than '<code>/</code>'). + Do not use the file name components '<code>.</code>' and + '<code>..</code>'. + Within a file name component, use only <a + href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII">ASCII</a> letters, + '<code>.</code>', '<code>-</code>' and '<code>_</code>'. + Do not use digits, as that might create an ambiguity with <a + href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap08.html#tag_08_03">POSIX.1-2017 + <code>TZ</code> strings</a>. + A file name component must not exceed 14 characters or start with + '<code>-</code>'. + E.g., prefer <code>America/Noronha</code> to + <code>America/Fernando_de_Noronha</code>. + Exceptions: see the discussion of legacy names below. + </li> + <li> + A name must not be empty, or contain '<code>//</code>', or + start or end with '<code>/</code>'. + </li> + <li> + Do not use names that differ only in case. + Although the reference implementation is case-sensitive, some + other implementations are not, and they would mishandle names + differing only in case. + </li> + <li> + If one name <var>A</var> is an initial prefix of another + name <var>AB</var> (ignoring case), then <var>B</var> must not + start with '<code>/</code>', as a regular file cannot have the + same name as a directory in POSIX. + For example, <code>America/New_York</code> precludes + <code>America/New_York/Bronx</code>. + </li> + <li> + Uninhabited regions like the North Pole and Bouvet Island + do not need locations, since local time is not defined there. + </li> + <li> + If all the clocks in a timezone have agreed since 1970, + do not bother to include more than one timezone + even if some of the clocks disagreed before 1970. + Otherwise these tables would become annoyingly large. + </li> + <li> + If boundaries between regions are fluid, such as during a war or + insurrection, do not bother to create a new timezone merely + because of yet another boundary change. This helps prevent table + bloat and simplifies maintenance. + </li> + <li> + If a name is ambiguous, use a less ambiguous alternative; + e.g., many cities are named San José and Georgetown, so + prefer <code>America/Costa_Rica</code> to + <code>America/San_Jose</code> and <code>America/Guyana</code> + to <code>America/Georgetown</code>. + </li> + <li> + Keep locations compact. + Use cities or small islands, not countries or regions, so that any + future changes do not split individual locations into different + timezones. + E.g., prefer <code>Europe/Paris</code> to <code>Europe/France</code>, + since + <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_France#History">France + has had multiple time zones</a>. + </li> + <li> + Use mainstream English spelling, e.g., prefer + <code>Europe/Rome</code> to <code>Europa/Roma</code>, and + prefer <code>Europe/Athens</code> to the Greek + <code>Ευρώπη/Αθήνα</code> or the Romanized + <code>Evrópi/Athína</code>. + The POSIX file name restrictions encourage this guideline. + </li> + <li> + Use the most populous among locations in a region, + e.g., prefer <code>Asia/Shanghai</code> to + <code>Asia/Beijing</code>. + Among locations with similar populations, pick the best-known + location, e.g., prefer <code>Europe/Rome</code> to + <code>Europe/Milan</code>. + </li> + <li> + Use the singular form, e.g., prefer <code>Atlantic/Canary</code> to + <code>Atlantic/Canaries</code>. + </li> + <li> + Omit common suffixes like '<code>_Islands</code>' and + '<code>_City</code>', unless that would lead to ambiguity. + E.g., prefer <code>America/Cayman</code> to + <code>America/Cayman_Islands</code> and + <code>America/Guatemala</code> to + <code>America/Guatemala_City</code>, but prefer + <code>America/Mexico_City</code> to + <code>America/Mexico</code> + because <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_Mexico">the + country of Mexico has several time zones</a>. + </li> + <li> + Use '<code>_</code>' to represent a space. + </li> + <li> + Omit '<code>.</code>' from abbreviations in names. + E.g., prefer <code>Atlantic/St_Helena</code> to + <code>Atlantic/St._Helena</code>. + </li> + <li> + Do not change established names if they only marginally violate + the above guidelines. + For example, do not change the existing name <code>Europe/Rome</code> to + <code>Europe/Milan</code> merely because Milan's population has grown + to be somewhat greater than Rome's. + </li> + <li> + If a name is changed, put its old spelling in the + '<code>backward</code>' file as a link to the new spelling. + This means old spellings will continue to work. + Ordinarily a name change should occur only in the rare case when + a location's consensus English-language spelling changes; for example, + in 2008 <code>Asia/Calcutta</code> was renamed to <code>Asia/Kolkata</code> + due to long-time widespread use of the new city name instead of the old. + </li> +</ul> + +<p> +Guidelines have evolved with time, and names following old versions of +these guidelines might not follow the current version. When guidelines +have changed, old names continue to be supported. Guideline changes +have included the following: +</p> + +<ul> +<li> +Older versions of this package used a different naming scheme. +See the file '<code>backward</code>' for most of these older names +(e.g., '<code>US/Eastern</code>' instead of '<code>America/New_York</code>'). +The other old-fashioned names still supported are +'<code>WET</code>', '<code>CET</code>', '<code>MET</code>', and +'<code>EET</code>' (see the file '<code>europe</code>'). +</li> + +<li> +Older versions of this package defined legacy names that are +incompatible with the first guideline of location names, but which are +still supported. +These legacy names are mostly defined in the file +'<code>etcetera</code>'. +Also, the file '<code>backward</code>' defines the legacy names +'<code>Etc/GMT0</code>', '<code>Etc/GMT-0</code>', '<code>Etc/GMT+0</code>', +'<code>GMT0</code>', '<code>GMT-0</code>' and '<code>GMT+0</code>', +and the file '<code>northamerica</code>' defines the legacy names +'<code>EST5EDT</code>', '<code>CST6CDT</code>', +'<code>MST7MDT</code>', and '<code>PST8PDT</code>'. +</li> + +<li> +Older versions of these guidelines said that +there should typically be at least one name for each <a +href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1"><abbr +title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</abbr> +3166-1</a> officially assigned two-letter code for an inhabited +country or territory. +This old guideline has been dropped, as it was not needed to handle +timestamps correctly and it increased maintenance burden. +</li> +</ul> + +<p> +The file <code>zone1970.tab</code> lists geographical locations used +to name timezones. +It is intended to be an exhaustive list of names for geographic +regions as described above; this is a subset of the timezones in the data. +Although a <code>zone1970.tab</code> location's +<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitude">longitude</a> +corresponds to +its <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_mean_time">local mean +time (<abbr>LMT</abbr>)</a> offset with one hour for every 15° +east longitude, this relationship is not exact. +The backward-compatibility file <code>zone.tab</code> is similar +but conforms to the older-version guidelines related to <abbr>ISO</abbr> 3166-1; +it lists only one country code per entry and unlike <code>zone1970.tab</code> +it can list names defined in <code>backward</code>. +Applications that process only timestamps from now on can instead use the file +<code>zonenow.tab</code>, which partitions the world more coarsely, +into regions where clocks agree now and in the predicted future; +this file is smaller and simpler than <code>zone1970.tab</code> +and <code>zone.tab</code>. +</p> + +<p> +The database defines each timezone name to be a zone, or a link to a zone. +The source file <code>backward</code> defines links for backward +compatibility; it does not define zones. +Although <code>backward</code> was originally designed to be optional, +nowadays distributions typically use it +and no great weight should be attached to whether a link +is defined in <code>backward</code> or in some other file. +The source file <code>etcetera</code> defines names that may be useful +on platforms that do not support POSIX.1-2017-style <code>TZ</code> strings; +no other source file other than <code>backward</code> +contains links to its zones. +One of <code>etcetera</code>'s names is <code>Etc/UTC</code>, +used by functions like <code>gmtime</code> to obtain leap +second information on platforms that support leap seconds. +Another <code>etcetera</code> name, <code>GMT</code>, +is used by older code releases. +</p> +</section> + +<section> + <h2 id="abbreviations">Time zone abbreviations</h2> +<p> +When this package is installed, it generates time zone abbreviations +like '<code>EST</code>' to be compatible with human tradition and POSIX. +Here are the general guidelines used for choosing time zone abbreviations, +in decreasing order of importance: +</p> + +<ul> + <li> + Use three to six characters that are ASCII alphanumerics or + '<code>+</code>' or '<code>-</code>'. + Previous editions of this database also used characters like + space and '<code>?</code>', but these characters have a + special meaning to the + <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_shell">UNIX shell</a> + and cause commands like + '<code><a href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/V3_chap02.html#set">set</a> + `<a href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/date.html">date</a>`</code>' + to have unexpected effects. + Previous editions of this guideline required upper-case letters, but the + Congressman who introduced + <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamorro_Time_Zone">Chamorro + Standard Time</a> preferred "ChST", so lower-case letters are now + allowed. + Also, POSIX from 2001 on relaxed the rule to allow '<code>-</code>', + '<code>+</code>', and alphanumeric characters from the portable + character set in the current locale. + In practice ASCII alphanumerics and '<code>+</code>' and + '<code>-</code>' are safe in all locales. + + <p> + In other words, in the C locale the POSIX extended regular + expression <code>[-+[:alnum:]]{3,6}</code> should match the + abbreviation. + This guarantees that all abbreviations could have been specified by a + POSIX.1-2017 <code>TZ</code> string. + </p> + </li> + <li> + Use abbreviations that are in common use among English-speakers, + e.g., 'EST' for Eastern Standard Time in North America. + We assume that applications translate them to other languages + as part of the normal localization process; for example, + a French application might translate 'EST' to 'HNE'. + + <p> + <small>These abbreviations (for standard/daylight/etc. time) are: + ACST/ACDT Australian Central, + AST/ADT/APT/AWT/ADDT Atlantic, + AEST/AEDT Australian Eastern, + AHST/AHDT Alaska-Hawaii, + AKST/AKDT Alaska, + AWST/AWDT Australian Western, + BST/BDT Bering, + CAT/CAST Central Africa, + CET/CEST/CEMT Central European, + ChST Chamorro, + CST/CDT/CWT/CPT Central [North America], + CST/CDT China, + GMT/BST/IST/BDST Greenwich, + EAT East Africa, + EST/EDT/EWT/EPT Eastern [North America], + EET/EEST Eastern European, + GST/GDT Guam, + HST/HDT/HWT/HPT Hawaii, + HKT/HKST/HKWT Hong Kong, + IST India, + IST/GMT Irish, + IST/IDT/IDDT Israel, + JST/JDT Japan, + KST/KDT Korea, + MET/MEST Middle European (a backward-compatibility alias for + Central European), + MSK/MSD Moscow, + MST/MDT/MWT/MPT Mountain, + NST/NDT/NWT/NPT/NDDT Newfoundland, + NST/NDT/NWT/NPT Nome, + NZMT/NZST New Zealand through 1945, + NZST/NZDT New Zealand 1946–present, + PKT/PKST Pakistan, + PST/PDT/PWT/PPT Pacific, + PST/PDT Philippine, + SAST South Africa, + SST Samoa, + UTC Universal, + WAT/WAST West Africa, + WET/WEST/WEMT Western European, + WIB Waktu Indonesia Barat, + WIT Waktu Indonesia Timur, + WITA Waktu Indonesia Tengah, + YST/YDT/YWT/YPT/YDDT Yukon</small>. + </p> + </li> + <li> + <p> + For times taken from a city's longitude, use the + traditional <var>x</var>MT notation. + The only abbreviation like this in current use is '<abbr>GMT</abbr>'. + The others are for timestamps before 1960, + except that Monrovia Mean Time persisted until 1972. + Typically, numeric abbreviations (e.g., '<code>-</code>004430' for + MMT) would cause trouble here, as the numeric strings would exceed + the POSIX length limit. + </p> + + <p> + <small>These abbreviations are: + AMT Asunción, Athens; + BMT Baghdad, Bangkok, Batavia, Bermuda, Bern, Bogotá, + Brussels, Bucharest; + CMT Calamarca, Caracas, Chisinau, Colón, Córdoba; + DMT Dublin/Dunsink; + EMT Easter; + FFMT Fort-de-France; + FMT Funchal; + GMT Greenwich; + HMT Havana, Helsinki, Horta, Howrah; + IMT Irkutsk, Istanbul; + JMT Jerusalem; + KMT Kaunas, Kyiv, Kingston; + LMT Lima, Lisbon, local; + MMT Macassar, Madras, Malé, Managua, Minsk, Monrovia, Montevideo, + Moratuwa, Moscow; + PLMT Phù Liễn; + PMT Paramaribo, Paris, Perm, Pontianak, Prague; + PMMT Port Moresby; + PPMT Port-au-Prince; + QMT Quito; + RMT Rangoon, Riga, Rome; + SDMT Santo Domingo; + SJMT San José; + SMT Santiago, Simferopol, Singapore, Stanley; + TBMT Tbilisi; + TMT Tallinn, Tehran; + WMT Warsaw.</small> + </p> + + <p> + <small>A few abbreviations also follow the pattern that + <abbr>GMT</abbr>/<abbr>BST</abbr> established for time in the UK. + They are: + BMT/BST for Bermuda 1890–1930, + CMT/BST for Calamarca Mean Time and Bolivian Summer Time + 1890–1932, + DMT/IST for Dublin/Dunsink Mean Time and Irish Summer Time + 1880–1916, + MMT/MST/MDST for Moscow 1880–1919, and + RMT/LST for Riga Mean Time and Latvian Summer time 1880–1926. + </small> + </p> + </li> + <li> + Use '<abbr>LMT</abbr>' for local mean time of locations before the + introduction of standard time; see "<a href="#scope">Scope of the + <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database</a>". + </li> + <li> + If there is no common English abbreviation, use numeric offsets like + <code>-</code>05 and <code>+</code>0530 that are generated + by <code>zic</code>'s <code>%z</code> notation. + </li> + <li> + Use current abbreviations for older timestamps to avoid confusion. + For example, in 1910 a common English abbreviation for time + in central Europe was 'MEZ' (short for both "Middle European + Zone" and for "Mitteleuropäische Zeit" in German). + Nowadays 'CET' ("Central European Time") is more common in + English, and the database uses 'CET' even for circa-1910 + timestamps as this is less confusing for modern users and avoids + the need for determining when 'CET' supplanted 'MEZ' in common + usage. + </li> + <li> + Use a consistent style in a timezone's history. + For example, if a history tends to use numeric + abbreviations and a particular entry could go either way, use a + numeric abbreviation. + </li> + <li> + Use + <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Time">Universal Time</a> + (<abbr>UT</abbr>) (with time zone abbreviation '<code>-</code>00') for + locations while uninhabited. + The leading '<code>-</code>' is a flag that the <abbr>UT</abbr> offset is in + some sense undefined; this notation is derived + from <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3339">Internet + <abbr title="Request For Comments">RFC</abbr> 3339</a>. + </li> +</ul> + +<p> +Application writers should note that these abbreviations are ambiguous +in practice: e.g., 'CST' means one thing in China and something else +in North America, and 'IST' can refer to time in India, Ireland or +Israel. +To avoid ambiguity, use numeric <abbr>UT</abbr> offsets like +'<code>-</code>0600' instead of time zone abbreviations like 'CST'. +</p> +</section> + +<section> + <h2 id="accuracy">Accuracy of the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database</h2> +<p> +The <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database is not authoritative, and it +surely has errors. +Corrections are welcome and encouraged; see the file <code>CONTRIBUTING</code>. +Users requiring authoritative data should consult national standards +bodies and the references cited in the database's comments. +</p> + +<p> +Errors in the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database arise from many sources: +</p> + +<ul> + <li> + The <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database predicts future + timestamps, and current predictions + will be incorrect after future governments change the rules. + For example, if today someone schedules a meeting for 13:00 next + October 1, Casablanca time, and tomorrow Morocco changes its + daylight saving rules, software can mess up after the rule change + if it blithely relies on conversions made before the change. + </li> + <li> + The pre-1970 entries in this database cover only a tiny sliver of how + clocks actually behaved; the vast majority of the necessary + information was lost or never recorded. + Thousands more timezones would be needed if + the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database's scope were extended to + cover even just the known or guessed history of standard time; for + example, the current single entry for France would need to split + into dozens of entries, perhaps hundreds. + And in most of the world even this approach would be misleading + due to widespread disagreement or indifference about what times + should be observed. + In her 2015 book + <cite><a + href="https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674286146">The + Global Transformation of Time, 1870–1950</a></cite>, + Vanessa Ogle writes + "Outside of Europe and North America there was no system of time + zones at all, often not even a stable landscape of mean times, + prior to the middle decades of the twentieth century". + See: Timothy Shenk, <a +href="https://www.dissentmagazine.org/blog/booked-a-global-history-of-time-vanessa-ogle">Booked: + A Global History of Time</a>. <cite>Dissent</cite> 2015-12-17. + </li> + <li> + Most of the pre-1970 data entries come from unreliable sources, often + astrology books that lack citations and whose compilers evidently + invented entries when the true facts were unknown, without + reporting which entries were known and which were invented. + These books often contradict each other or give implausible entries, + and on the rare occasions when they are checked they are + typically found to be incorrect. + </li> + <li> + For the UK the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database relies on + years of first-class work done by + Joseph Myers and others; see + "<a href="https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/">History of + legal time in Britain</a>". + Other countries are not done nearly as well. + </li> + <li> + Sometimes, different people in the same city maintain clocks + that differ significantly. + Historically, railway time was used by railroad companies (which + did not always + agree with each other), church-clock time was used for birth + certificates, etc. + More recently, competing political groups might disagree about + clock settings. Often this is merely common practice, but + sometimes it is set by law. + For example, from 1891 to 1911 the <abbr>UT</abbr> offset in France + was legally <abbr>UT</abbr> +00:09:21 outside train stations and + <abbr>UT</abbr> +00:04:21 inside. Other examples include + Chillicothe in 1920, Palm Springs in 1946/7, and Jerusalem and + Ürümqi to this day. + </li> + <li> + Although a named location in the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> + database stands for the containing region, its pre-1970 data + entries are often accurate for only a small subset of that region. + For example, <code>Europe/London</code> stands for the United + Kingdom, but its pre-1847 times are valid only for locations that + have London's exact meridian, and its 1847 transition + to <abbr>GMT</abbr> is known to be valid only for the L&NW and + the Caledonian railways. + </li> + <li> + The <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database does not record the + earliest time for which a timezone's + data entries are thereafter valid for every location in the region. + For example, <code>Europe/London</code> is valid for all locations + in its region after <abbr>GMT</abbr> was made the standard time, + but the date of standardization (1880-08-02) is not in the + <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database, other than in commentary. + For many timezones the earliest time of + validity is unknown. + </li> + <li> + The <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database does not record a + region's boundaries, and in many cases the boundaries are not known. + For example, the timezone + <code>America/Kentucky/Louisville</code> represents a region + around the city of Louisville, the boundaries of which are + unclear. + </li> + <li> + Changes that are modeled as instantaneous transitions in the + <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> + database were often spread out over hours, days, or even decades. + </li> + <li> + Even if the time is specified by law, locations sometimes + deliberately flout the law. + </li> + <li> + Early timekeeping practices, even assuming perfect clocks, were + often not specified to the accuracy that the + <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database requires. + </li> + <li> + The <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database cannot represent stopped clocks. + However, on 1911-03-11 at 00:00, some public-facing French clocks + were changed by stopping them for a few minutes to effect a transition. + The <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database models this via a + backward transition; the relevant French legislation does not + specify exactly how the transition was to occur. + </li> + <li> + Sometimes historical timekeeping was specified more precisely + than what the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> code can handle. + For example, from 1880 to 1916 clocks in Ireland observed Dublin Mean + Time (estimated to be <abbr>UT</abbr> + −00:25:21.1); although the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> + source data can represent the .1 second, TZif files and the code cannot. + In practice these old specifications were rarely if ever + implemented to subsecond precision. + </li> + <li> + Even when all the timestamp transitions recorded by the + <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database are correct, the + <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> rules that generate them may not + faithfully reflect the historical rules. + For example, from 1922 until World War II the UK moved clocks + forward the day following the third Saturday in April unless that + was Easter, in which case it moved clocks forward the previous + Sunday. + Because the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database has no + way to specify Easter, these exceptional years are entered as + separate <code><abbr>tz</abbr> Rule</code> lines, even though the + legal rules did not change. + When transitions are known but the historical rules behind them are not, + the database contains <code>Zone</code> and <code>Rule</code> + entries that are intended to represent only the generated + transitions, not any underlying historical rules; however, this + intent is recorded at best only in commentary. + </li> + <li> + The <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database models time + using the <a + href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proleptic_Gregorian_calendar">proleptic + Gregorian calendar</a> with days containing 24 equal-length hours + numbered 00 through 23, except when clock transitions occur. + Pre-standard time is modeled as local mean time. + However, historically many people used other calendars and other timescales. + For example, the Roman Empire used + the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_calendar">Julian + calendar</a>, + and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_timekeeping">Roman + timekeeping</a> had twelve varying-length daytime hours with a + non-hour-based system at night. + And even today, some local practices diverge from the Gregorian + calendar with 24-hour days. These divergences range from + relatively minor, such as Japanese bars giving times like "24:30" for the + wee hours of the morning, to more-significant differences such as <a + href="https://theworld.org/stories/2015-01-30/if-you-have-meeting-ethiopia-you-better-double-check-time">the + east African practice of starting the day at dawn</a>, renumbering + the Western 06:00 to be 12:00. These practices are largely outside + the scope of the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> code and data, which + provide only limited support for date and time localization + such as that required by POSIX.1-2017. + If <abbr>DST</abbr> is not used a different time zone + can often do the trick; for example, in Kenya a <code>TZ</code> setting + like <code><-03>3</code> or <code>America/Cayenne</code> starts + the day six hours later than <code>Africa/Nairobi</code> does. + </li> + <li> + Early clocks were less reliable, and data entries do not represent + clock error. + </li> + <li> + The <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database assumes Universal Time + (<abbr>UT</abbr>) as an origin, even though <abbr>UT</abbr> is not + standardized for older timestamps. + In the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database commentary, + <abbr>UT</abbr> denotes a family of time standards that includes + Coordinated Universal Time (<abbr>UTC</abbr>) along with other + variants such as <abbr>UT1</abbr> and <abbr>GMT</abbr>, + with days starting at midnight. + Although <abbr>UT</abbr> equals <abbr>UTC</abbr> for modern + timestamps, <abbr>UTC</abbr> was not defined until 1960, so + commentary uses the more general abbreviation <abbr>UT</abbr> for + timestamps that might predate 1960. + Since <abbr>UT</abbr>, <abbr>UT1</abbr>, etc. disagree slightly, + and since pre-1972 <abbr>UTC</abbr> seconds varied in length, + interpretation of older timestamps can be problematic when + subsecond accuracy is needed. + </li> + <li> + Civil time was not based on atomic time before 1972, and we do not + know the history of + <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_rotation">earth's + rotation</a> accurately enough to map <a + href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Units"><abbr + title="International System of Units">SI</abbr></a> seconds to + historical <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_time">solar time</a> + to more than about one-hour accuracy. + See: Stephenson FR, Morrison LV, Hohenkerk CY. + <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2016.0404">Measurement of + the Earth's rotation: 720 BC to AD 2015</a>. + <cite>Proc Royal Soc A</cite>. 2016;472:20160404. + Also see: Espenak F. <a + href="https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEhelp/uncertainty2004.html">Uncertainty + in Delta T (ΔT)</a>. + </li> + <li> + The relationship between POSIX time (that is, <abbr>UTC</abbr> but + ignoring <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leap_second">leap + seconds</a>) and <abbr>UTC</abbr> is not agreed upon. + This affects time stamps during the leap second era (1972–2035). + Although the POSIX + clock officially stops during an inserted leap second, at least one + proposed standard has it jumping back a second instead; and in + practice POSIX clocks more typically either progress glacially during + a leap second, or are slightly slowed while near a leap second. + </li> + <li> + The <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database does not represent how + uncertain its information is. + Ideally it would contain information about when data entries are + incomplete or dicey. + Partial temporal knowledge is a field of active research, though, + and it is not clear how to apply it here. + </li> +</ul> + +<p> +In short, many, perhaps most, of the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> +database's pre-1970 and future timestamps are either wrong or +misleading. +Any attempt to pass the +<code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database off as the definition of time +should be unacceptable to anybody who cares about the facts. +In particular, the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database's +<abbr>LMT</abbr> offsets should not be considered meaningful, and +should not prompt creation of timezones +merely because two locations +differ in <abbr>LMT</abbr> or transitioned to standard time at +different dates. +</p> +</section> + +<section> + <h2 id="functions">Time and date functions</h2> +<p> +The <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> code contains time and date functions +that are upwards compatible with those of POSIX. +Code compatible with this package is already +<a href="tz-link.html#tzdb">part of many platforms</a>, where the +primary use of this package is to update obsolete time-related files. +To do this, you may need to compile the time zone compiler +'<code>zic</code>' supplied with this package instead of using the +system '<code>zic</code>', since the format of <code>zic</code>'s +input is occasionally extended, and a platform may still be shipping +an older <code>zic</code>. +</p> + +<h3 id="POSIX">POSIX.1-2017 properties and limitations</h3> +<ul> + <li> + <p> + In POSIX.1-2017, time display in a process is controlled by the + environment variable <code>TZ</code>. + Unfortunately, the POSIX.1-2017 + <code>TZ</code> string takes a form that is hard to describe and + is error-prone in practice. + Also, POSIX.1-2017 <code>TZ</code> strings cannot deal with daylight + saving time rules not based on the Gregorian calendar (as in + Morocco), or with situations where more than two time zone + abbreviations or <abbr>UT</abbr> offsets are used in an area. + </p> + + <p> + The POSIX.1-2017 <code>TZ</code> string takes the following form: + </p> + + <p> + <var>stdoffset</var>[<var>dst</var>[<var>offset</var>][<code>,</code><var>date</var>[<code>/</code><var>time</var>]<code>,</code><var>date</var>[<code>/</code><var>time</var>]]] + </p> + + <p> + where: + </p> + + <dl> + <dt><var>std</var> and <var>dst</var></dt><dd> + are 3 or more characters specifying the standard + and daylight saving time (<abbr>DST</abbr>) zone abbreviations. + Starting with POSIX.1-2001, <var>std</var> and <var>dst</var> + may also be in a quoted form like '<code><+09></code>'; + this allows "<code>+</code>" and "<code>-</code>" in the names. + </dd> + <dt><var>offset</var></dt><dd> + is of the form + '<code>[±]<var>hh</var>:[<var>mm</var>[:<var>ss</var>]]</code>' + and specifies the offset west of <abbr>UT</abbr>. + '<var>hh</var>' may be a single digit; + 0≤<var>hh</var>≤24. + The default <abbr>DST</abbr> offset is one hour ahead of + standard time. + </dd> + <dt><var>date</var>[<code>/</code><var>time</var>]<code>,</code><var>date</var>[<code>/</code><var>time</var>]</dt><dd> + specifies the beginning and end of <abbr>DST</abbr>. + If this is absent, the system supplies its own ruleset + for <abbr>DST</abbr>, typically current <abbr>US</abbr> + <abbr>DST</abbr> rules. + </dd> + <dt><var>time</var></dt><dd> + takes the form + '<var>hh</var><code>:</code>[<var>mm</var>[<code>:</code><var>ss</var>]]' + and defaults to 02:00. + This is the same format as the offset, except that a + leading '<code>+</code>' or '<code>-</code>' is not allowed. + </dd> + <dt><var>date</var></dt><dd> + takes one of the following forms: + <dl> + <dt>J<var>n</var> (1≤<var>n</var>≤365)</dt><dd> + origin-1 day number not counting February 29 + </dd> + <dt><var>n</var> (0≤<var>n</var>≤365)</dt><dd> + origin-0 day number counting February 29 if present + </dd> + <dt><code>M</code><var>m</var><code>.</code><var>n</var><code>.</code><var>d</var> + (0[Sunday]≤<var>d</var>≤6[Saturday], 1≤<var>n</var>≤5, + 1≤<var>m</var>≤12)</dt><dd> + for the <var>d</var>th day of week <var>n</var> of + month <var>m</var> of the year, where week 1 is the first + week in which day <var>d</var> appears, and + '<code>5</code>' stands for the last week in which + day <var>d</var> appears (which may be either the 4th or + 5th week). + Typically, this is the only useful form; the <var>n</var> + and <code>J</code><var>n</var> forms are rarely used. + </dd> + </dl> + </dd> + </dl> + + <p> + Here is an example POSIX.1-2017 <code>TZ</code> string for New + Zealand after 2007. + It says that standard time (<abbr>NZST</abbr>) is 12 hours ahead + of <abbr>UT</abbr>, and that daylight saving time + (<abbr>NZDT</abbr>) is observed from September's last Sunday at + 02:00 until April's first Sunday at 03:00: + </p> + + <pre><code>TZ='NZST-12NZDT,M9.5.0,M4.1.0/3'</code></pre> + + <p> + This POSIX.1-2017 <code>TZ</code> string is hard to remember, and + mishandles some timestamps before 2008. + With this package you can use this instead: + </p> + + <pre><code>TZ='Pacific/Auckland'</code></pre> + </li> + <li> + POSIX does not define the <abbr>DST</abbr> transitions + for <code>TZ</code> values like + "<code>EST5EDT</code>". + Traditionally the current <abbr>US</abbr> <abbr>DST</abbr> rules + were used to interpret such values, but this meant that the + <abbr>US</abbr> <abbr>DST</abbr> rules were compiled into each + time conversion package, and when + <abbr>US</abbr> time conversion rules changed (as in the United + States in 1987 and again in 2007), all packages that + interpreted <code>TZ</code> values had to be updated + to ensure proper results. + </li> + <li> + The <code>TZ</code> environment variable is process-global, which + makes it hard to write efficient, thread-safe applications that + need access to multiple timezones. + </li> + <li> + In POSIX, there is no tamper-proof way for a process to learn the + system's best idea of local (wall clock) time. + This is important for applications that an administrator wants + used only at certain times – without regard to whether the + user has fiddled the + <code>TZ</code> environment variable. + While an administrator can "do everything in <abbr>UT</abbr>" to + get around the problem, doing so is inconvenient and precludes + handling daylight saving time shifts – as might be required to + limit phone calls to off-peak hours. + </li> + <li> + POSIX.1-2017 provides no convenient and efficient way to determine + the <abbr>UT</abbr> offset and time zone abbreviation of arbitrary + timestamps, particularly for timezones + that do not fit into the POSIX model. + </li> + <li> + POSIX requires that <code>time_t</code> clock counts exclude leap + seconds. + </li> + <li> + The <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> code attempts to support all the + <code>time_t</code> implementations allowed by POSIX. + The <code>time_t</code> type represents a nonnegative count of seconds + since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 <abbr>UTC</abbr>, ignoring leap seconds. + In practice, <code>time_t</code> is usually a signed 64- or 32-bit + integer; 32-bit signed <code>time_t</code> values stop working after + 2038-01-19 03:14:07 <abbr>UTC</abbr>, so new implementations these + days typically use a signed 64-bit integer. + Unsigned 32-bit integers are used on one or two platforms, and 36-bit + and 40-bit integers are also used occasionally. + Although earlier POSIX versions allowed <code>time_t</code> to be a + floating-point type, this was not supported by any practical system, + and POSIX.1-2013 and the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> code both + require <code>time_t</code> to be an integer type. + </li> +</ul> + +<h3 id="POSIX-extensions">Extensions to POSIX.1-2017 in the +<code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> code</h3> +<ul> + <li> + <p> + The <code>TZ</code> environment variable is used in generating + the name of a file from which time-related information is read + (or is interpreted à la POSIX.1-2017); <code>TZ</code> is no longer + constrained to be a string containing abbreviations + and numeric data as described <a href="#POSIX">above</a>. + The file's format is <dfn><abbr>TZif</abbr></dfn>, + a timezone information format that contains binary data; see + <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/8536">Internet + <abbr>RFC</abbr> 8536</a>. + The daylight saving time rules to be used for a + particular timezone are encoded in the + <abbr>TZif</abbr> file; the format of the file allows <abbr>US</abbr>, + Australian, and other rules to be encoded, and + allows for situations where more than two time zone + abbreviations are used. + </p> + <p> + It was recognized that allowing the <code>TZ</code> environment + variable to take on values such as '<code>America/New_York</code>' + might cause "old" programs (that expect <code>TZ</code> to have a + certain form) to operate incorrectly; consideration was given to using + some other environment variable (for example, <code>TIMEZONE</code>) + to hold the string used to generate the <abbr>TZif</abbr> file's name. + In the end, however, it was decided to continue using + <code>TZ</code>: it is widely used for time zone purposes; + separately maintaining both <code>TZ</code> + and <code>TIMEZONE</code> seemed a nuisance; and systems where + "new" forms of <code>TZ</code> might cause problems can simply + use legacy <code>TZ</code> values such as "<code>EST5EDT</code>" which + can be used by "new" programs as well as by "old" programs that + assume pre-POSIX <code>TZ</code> values. + </p> + </li> + <li> + The code supports platforms with a <abbr>UT</abbr> offset member + in <code>struct tm</code>, e.g., <code>tm_gmtoff</code>, + or with a time zone abbreviation member in + <code>struct tm</code>, e.g., <code>tm_zone</code>. As noted + in <a href="https://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=1533">Austin + Group defect 1533</a>, a future version of POSIX is planned to + require <code>tm_gmtoff</code> and <code>tm_zone</code>. + </li> + <li> + Functions <code>tzalloc</code>, <code>tzfree</code>, + <code>localtime_rz</code>, and <code>mktime_z</code> for + more-efficient thread-safe applications that need to use multiple + timezones. + The <code>tzalloc</code> and <code>tzfree</code> functions + allocate and free objects of type <code>timezone_t</code>, + and <code>localtime_rz</code> and <code>mktime_z</code> are + like <code>localtime_r</code> and <code>mktime</code> with an + extra <code>timezone_t</code> argument. + The functions were inspired by <a href="https://netbsd.org/">NetBSD</a>. + </li> + <li> + Negative <code>time_t</code> values are supported, on systems + where <code>time_t</code> is signed. + </li> + <li> + These functions can account for leap seconds; + see <a href="#leapsec">Leap seconds</a> below. + </li> +</ul> + +<h3 id="vestigial">POSIX features no longer needed</h3> +<p> +POSIX and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_C"><abbr>ISO</abbr> C</a> +define some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/API"><abbr +title="application programming interface">API</abbr>s</a> that are vestigial: +they are not needed, and are relics of a too-simple model that does +not suffice to handle many real-world timestamps. +Although the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> code supports these +vestigial <abbr>API</abbr>s for backwards compatibility, they should +be avoided in portable applications. +The vestigial <abbr>API</abbr>s are: +</p> +<ul> + <li> + The POSIX <code>tzname</code> variable does not suffice and is no + longer needed. + To get a timestamp's time zone abbreviation, consult + the <code>tm_zone</code> member if available; otherwise, + use <code>strftime</code>'s <code>"%Z"</code> conversion + specification. + </li> + <li> + The POSIX <code>daylight</code> and <code>timezone</code> + variables do not suffice and are no longer needed. + To get a timestamp's <abbr>UT</abbr> offset, consult + the <code>tm_gmtoff</code> member if available; otherwise, + subtract values returned by <code>localtime</code> + and <code>gmtime</code> using the rules of the Gregorian calendar, + or use <code>strftime</code>'s <code>"%z"</code> conversion + specification if a string like <code>"+0900"</code> suffices. + </li> + <li> + The <code>tm_isdst</code> member is almost never needed and most of + its uses should be discouraged in favor of the abovementioned + <abbr>API</abbr>s. + Although it can still be used in arguments to + <code>mktime</code> to disambiguate timestamps near + a <abbr>DST</abbr> transition when the clock jumps back on + platforms lacking <code>tm_gmtoff</code>, this + disambiguation does not work when standard time itself jumps back, + which can occur when a location changes to a time zone with a + lesser <abbr>UT</abbr> offset. + </li> +</ul> + +<h3 id="other-portability">Other portability notes</h3> +<ul> + <li> + The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Version_7_Unix">7th Edition + UNIX</a> <code>timezone</code> function is not present in this + package; it is impossible to reliably map <code>timezone</code>'s + arguments (a "minutes west of <abbr>GMT</abbr>" value and a + "daylight saving time in effect" flag) to a time zone + abbreviation, and we refuse to guess. + Programs that in the past used the <code>timezone</code> function + may now examine <code>localtime(&clock)->tm_zone</code> + (if <code>TM_ZONE</code> is defined) or + <code>tzname[localtime(&clock)->tm_isdst]</code> + (if <code>HAVE_TZNAME</code> is nonzero) to learn the correct time + zone abbreviation to use. + </li> + <li> + The <a + href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Berkeley_Software_Distribution#4.2BSD"><abbr>4.2BSD</abbr></a> + <code>gettimeofday</code> function is not + used in this package. + This formerly let users obtain the current <abbr>UTC</abbr> offset + and <abbr>DST</abbr> flag, but this functionality was removed in + later versions of <abbr>BSD</abbr>. + </li> + <li> + In <abbr>SVR2</abbr>, time conversion fails for near-minimum or + near-maximum <code>time_t</code> values when doing conversions + for places that do not use <abbr>UT</abbr>. + This package takes care to do these conversions correctly. + A comment in the source code tells how to get compatibly wrong + results. + </li> + <li> + The functions that are conditionally compiled + if <code>STD_INSPIRED</code> is nonzero should, at this point, be + looked on primarily as food for thought. + They are not in any sense "standard compatible" – some are + not, in fact, specified in <em>any</em> standard. + They do, however, represent responses of various authors to + standardization proposals. + </li> + <li> + Other time conversion proposals, in particular those supported by the + <a href="https://howardhinnant.github.io/date/tz.html">Time Zone + Database Parser</a>, offer a wider selection of functions + that provide capabilities beyond those provided here. + The absence of such functions from this package is not meant to + discourage the development, standardization, or use of such + functions. + Rather, their absence reflects the decision to make this package + contain valid extensions to POSIX, to ensure its broad + acceptability. + If more powerful time conversion functions can be standardized, so + much the better. + </li> +</ul> +</section> + +<section> + <h2 id="stability">Interface stability</h2> +<p> +The <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> code and data supply the following interfaces: +</p> + +<ul> + <li> + A set of timezone names as per + "<a href="#naming">Timezone identifiers</a>" above. + </li> + <li> + Library functions described in "<a href="#functions">Time and date + functions</a>" above. + </li> + <li> + The programs <code>tzselect</code>, <code>zdump</code>, + and <code>zic</code>, documented in their man pages. + </li> + <li> + The format of <code>zic</code> input files, documented in + the <code>zic</code> man page. + </li> + <li> + The format of <code>zic</code> output files, documented in + the <code>tzfile</code> man page. + </li> + <li> + The format of zone table files, documented in <code>zone1970.tab</code>. + </li> + <li> + The format of the country code file, documented in <code>iso3166.tab</code>. + </li> + <li> + The version number of the code and data, as the first line of + the text file '<code>version</code>' in each release. + </li> +</ul> + +<p> +Interface changes in a release attempt to preserve compatibility with +recent releases. +For example, <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> data files typically do not +rely on recently added <code>zic</code> features, so that users can +run older <code>zic</code> versions to process newer data files. +<a href="tz-link.html#download">Downloading +the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database</a> describes how releases +are tagged and distributed. +</p> + +<p> +Interfaces not listed above are less stable. +For example, users should not rely on particular <abbr>UT</abbr> +offsets or abbreviations for timestamps, as data entries are often +based on guesswork and these guesses may be corrected or improved. +</p> + +<p> +Timezone boundaries are not part of the stable interface. +For example, even though the <samp>Asia/Bangkok</samp> timezone +currently includes Chang Mai, Hanoi, and Phnom Penh, this is not part +of the stable interface and the timezone can split at any time. +If a calendar application records a future event in some location other +than Bangkok by putting "<samp>Asia/Bangkok</samp>" in the event's record, +the application should be robust in the presence of timezone splits +between now and the future time. +</p> +</section> + +<section> + <h2 id="leapsec">Leap seconds</h2> +<p> +Leap seconds were introduced in 1972 to accommodate the +difference between atomic time and the less regular rotation of the earth. +Unfortunately they caused so many problems with civil +timekeeping that they +are <a href="https://www.bipm.org/en/cgpm-2022/resolution-4">planned +to be discontinued by 2035</a>, with some as-yet-undetermined +mechanism replacing them, perhaps after the year 2135. +Despite their impending obsolescence, a record of leap seconds is still +needed to resolve timestamps from 1972 through 2035. +</p> + +<p> +The <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> code and data can account for leap seconds, +thanks to code contributed by Bradley White. +However, the leap second support of this package is rarely used directly +because POSIX requires leap seconds to be excluded and many +software packages would mishandle leap seconds if they were present. +Instead, leap seconds are more commonly handled by occasionally adjusting +the operating system kernel clock as described in +<a href="tz-link.html#precision">Precision timekeeping</a>, +and this package by default installs a <samp>leapseconds</samp> file +commonly used by +<a href="https://www.ntp.org"><abbr title="Network Time Protocol">NTP</abbr></a> +software that adjusts the kernel clock. +However, kernel-clock twiddling approximates UTC only roughly, +and systems needing more precise UTC can use this package's leap +second support directly. +</p> + +<p> +The directly supported mechanism assumes that <code>time_t</code> +counts of seconds since the POSIX epoch normally include leap seconds, +as opposed to POSIX <code>time_t</code> counts which exclude leap seconds. +This modified timescale is converted to <abbr>UTC</abbr> +at the same point that time zone and <abbr>DST</abbr> +adjustments are applied – +namely, at calls to <code>localtime</code> and analogous functions – +and the process is driven by leap second information +stored in alternate versions of the <abbr>TZif</abbr> files. +Because a leap second adjustment may be needed even +if no time zone correction is desired, +calls to <code>gmtime</code>-like functions +also need to consult a <abbr>TZif</abbr> file, +conventionally named <samp><abbr>Etc/UTC</abbr></samp> +(<samp><abbr>GMT</abbr></samp> in previous versions), +to see whether leap second corrections are needed. +To convert an application's <code>time_t</code> timestamps to or from +POSIX <code>time_t</code> timestamps (for use when, say, +embedding or interpreting timestamps in portable +<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tar_(computing)"><code>tar</code></a> +files), +the application can call the utility functions +<code>time2posix</code> and <code>posix2time</code> +included with this package. +</p> + +<p> +If the POSIX-compatible <abbr>TZif</abbr> file set is installed +in a directory whose basename is <samp>zoneinfo</samp>, the +leap-second-aware file set is by default installed in a separate +directory <samp>zoneinfo-leaps</samp>. +Although each process can have its own time zone by setting +its <code>TZ</code> environment variable, there is no support for some +processes being leap-second aware while other processes are +POSIX-compatible; the leap-second choice is system-wide. +So if you configure your kernel to count leap seconds, you should also +discard <samp>zoneinfo</samp> and rename <samp>zoneinfo-leaps</samp> +to <samp>zoneinfo</samp>. +Alternatively, you can install just one set of <abbr>TZif</abbr> files +in the first place; see the <code>REDO</code> variable in this package's +<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makefile">makefile</a>. +</p> +</section> + +<section> + <h2 id="calendar">Calendrical issues</h2> +<p> +Calendrical issues are a bit out of scope for a time zone database, +but they indicate the sort of problems that we would run into if we +extended the time zone database further into the past. +An excellent resource in this area is Edward M. Reingold +and Nachum Dershowitz, <cite><a +href="https://www.cambridge.org/fr/academic/subjects/computer-science/computing-general-interest/calendrical-calculations-ultimate-edition-4th-edition">Calendrical +Calculations: The Ultimate Edition</a></cite>, Cambridge University Press (2018). +Other information and sources are given in the file '<code>calendars</code>' +in the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> distribution. +They sometimes disagree. +</p> +</section> + +<section> + <h2 id="planets">Time and time zones off Earth</h2> +<p> +The European Space Agency is <a +href='https://www.esa.int/Applications/Navigation/Telling_time_on_the_Moon'>considering</a> +the establishment of a reference timescale for the Moon, which has +days roughly equivalent to 29.5 Earth days, and where relativistic +effects cause clocks to tick slightly faster than on Earth. +</p> + +<p> +Some people's work schedules have used +<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timekeeping_on_Mars">Mars time</a>. +Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) coordinators kept Mars time on +and off during the +<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Pathfinder">Mars +Pathfinder</a> mission (1997). +Some of their family members also adapted to Mars time. +Dozens of special Mars watches were built for JPL workers who kept +Mars time during the +<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover">Mars +Exploration Rovers (MER)</a> mission (2004–2018). +These timepieces looked like normal Seikos and Citizens but were adjusted +to use Mars seconds rather than terrestrial seconds, although +unfortunately the adjusted watches were unreliable and appear to have +had only limited use. +</p> + +<p> +A Mars solar day is called a "sol" and has a mean period equal to +about 24 hours 39 minutes 35.244 seconds in terrestrial time. +It is divided into a conventional 24-hour clock, so each Mars second +equals about 1.02749125 terrestrial seconds. +(One MER worker noted, "If I am working Mars hours, and Mars hours are +2.5% more than Earth hours, shouldn't I get an extra 2.5% pay raise?") +</p> + +<p> +The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_meridian">prime +meridian</a> of Mars goes through the center of the crater +<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airy-0">Airy-0</a>, named in +honor of the British astronomer who built the Greenwich telescope that +defines Earth's prime meridian. +Mean solar time on the Mars prime meridian is +called Mars Coordinated Time (<abbr>MTC</abbr>). +</p> + +<p> +Each landed mission on Mars has adopted a different reference for +solar timekeeping, so there is no real standard for Mars time zones. +For example, the MER mission defined two time zones "Local +Solar Time A" and "Local Solar Time B" for its two missions, each zone +designed so that its time equals local true solar time at +approximately the middle of the nominal mission. +The A and B zones differ enough so that an MER worker assigned to +the A zone might suffer "Mars lag" when switching to work in the B zone. +Such a "time zone" is not particularly suited for any application +other than the mission itself. +</p> + +<p> +Many calendars have been proposed for Mars, but none have achieved +wide acceptance. +Astronomers often use Mars Sol Date (<abbr>MSD</abbr>) which is a +sequential count of Mars solar days elapsed since about 1873-12-29 +12:00 <abbr>GMT</abbr>. +</p> + +<p> +In our solar system, Mars is the planet with time and calendar most +like Earth's. +On other planets, Sun-based time and calendars would work quite +differently. +For example, although Mercury's +<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_period">sidereal +rotation period</a> is 58.646 Earth days, Mercury revolves around the +Sun so rapidly that an observer on Mercury's equator would see a +sunrise only every 175.97 Earth days, i.e., a Mercury year is 0.5 of a +Mercury day. +Venus is more complicated, partly because its rotation is slightly +<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrograde_motion">retrograde</a>: +its year is 1.92 of its days. +Gas giants like Jupiter are trickier still, as their polar and +equatorial regions rotate at different rates, so that the length of a +day depends on latitude. +This effect is most pronounced on Neptune, where the day is about 12 +hours at the poles and 18 hours at the equator. +</p> + +<p> +Although the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database does not support +time on other planets, it is documented here in the hopes that support +will be added eventually. +</p> + +<p> +Sources for time on other planets: +</p> + +<ul> + <li> + Michael Allison and Robert Schmunk, + "<a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/tools/mars24/help/notes.html">Technical + Notes on Mars Solar Time as Adopted by the Mars24 Sunclock</a>" + (2020-03-08). + </li> + <li> + Zara Mirmalek, + <em><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/making-time-mars">Making + Time on Mars</a></em>, MIT Press (March 2020), ISBN 978-0262043854. + </li> + <li> + Jia-Rui Chong, + "<a href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-jan-14-sci-marstime14-story.html">Workdays + Fit for a Martian</a>", <cite>Los Angeles Times</cite> + (2004-01-14), pp A1, A20–A21. + </li> + <li> + Tom Chmielewski, + "<a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/02/jet-lag-is-worse-on-mars/386033/">Jet + Lag Is Worse on Mars</a>", <cite>The Atlantic</cite> (2015-02-26) + </li> + <li> + Matt Williams, + "<a href="https://www.universetoday.com/37481/days-of-the-planets/">How + long is a day on the other planets of the solar system?</a>" + (2016-01-20). + </li> +</ul> +</section> + +<footer> + <hr> + This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2009-05-17 by + Arthur David Olson. +</footer> +</body> +</html> @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +2024a diff --git a/ziguard.awk b/ziguard.awk new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7a3404f --- /dev/null +++ b/ziguard.awk @@ -0,0 +1,386 @@ +# Convert tzdata source into vanguard or rearguard form. + +# Contributed by Paul Eggert. This file is in the public domain. + +# This is not a general-purpose converter; it is designed for current tzdata. +# It just converts from current source to main, vanguard, and rearguard forms. +# Although it might be nice for it to be idempotent, or to be useful +# for converting back and forth between vanguard and rearguard formats, +# it does not do these nonessential tasks now. +# +# Although main and vanguard forms are currently equivalent, +# this need not always be the case. When the two forms differ, +# this script can convert either from main to vanguard form (needed then), +# or from vanguard to main form (this conversion would be needed later, +# after main became rearguard and vanguard became main). +# There is no need to convert rearguard to other forms. +# +# When converting to vanguard form, the output can use the line +# "Zone GMT 0 - GMT" which TZUpdater 2.3.2 mistakenly rejects. +# +# When converting to vanguard form, the output can use negative SAVE +# values. +# +# When converting to rearguard form, the output uses only nonnegative +# SAVE values. The idea is for the output data to simulate the behavior +# of the input data as best it can within the constraints of the +# rearguard format. + +# Given a FIELD like "-0:30", return a minute count like -30. +function get_minutes(field, \ + sign, hours, minutes) +{ + sign = field ~ /^-/ ? -1 : 1 + hours = +field + if (field ~ /:/) { + minutes = field + sub(/[^:]*:/, "", minutes) + } + return 60 * hours + sign * minutes +} + +# Given an OFFSET, which is a minute count like 300 or 330, +# return a %z-style abbreviation like "+05" or "+0530". +function offset_abbr(offset, \ + hours, minutes, sign) +{ + hours = int(offset / 60) + minutes = offset % 60 + if (minutes) { + return sprintf("%+.4d", hours * 100 + minutes); + } else { + return sprintf("%+.2d", hours) + } +} + +# Round TIMESTAMP (a +-hh:mm:ss.dddd string) to the nearest second. +function round_to_second(timestamp, \ + hh, mm, ss, seconds, dot_dddd, subseconds) +{ + dot_dddd = timestamp + if (!sub(/^[+-]?[0-9]+:[0-9]+:[0-9]+\./, ".", dot_dddd)) + return timestamp + hh = mm = ss = timestamp + sub(/^[-+]?[0-9]+:[0-9]+:/, "", ss) + sub(/^[-+]?[0-9]+:/, "", mm) + sub(/^[-+]?/, "", hh) + seconds = 3600 * hh + 60 * mm + ss + subseconds = +dot_dddd + seconds += 0.5 < subseconds || ((subseconds == 0.5) && (seconds % 2)); + return sprintf("%s%d:%.2d:%.2d", timestamp ~ /^-/ ? "-" : "", \ + seconds / 3600, seconds / 60 % 60, seconds % 60) +} + +BEGIN { + dataform_type["vanguard"] = 1 + dataform_type["main"] = 1 + dataform_type["rearguard"] = 1 + + if (PACKRATLIST) { + while (getline <PACKRATLIST) { + if ($0 ~ /^#/) continue + packratlist[$3] = 1 + } + } + + # The command line should set DATAFORM. + if (!dataform_type[DATAFORM]) exit 1 +} + +$1 == "#PACKRATLIST" && $2 == PACKRATLIST { + sub(/^#PACKRATLIST[\t ]+[^\t ]+[\t ]+/, "") +} + +/^Zone/ { zone = $2 } + +DATAFORM != "main" { + in_comment = $0 ~ /^#/ + uncomment = comment_out = 0 + + # If this line should differ due to Czechoslovakia using negative SAVE values, + # uncomment the desired version and comment out the undesired one. + if (zone == "Europe/Prague" && $0 ~ /^#?[\t ]+[01]:00[\t ]/ \ + && $0 ~ /1947 Feb 23/) { + if (($(in_comment + 2) != "-") == (DATAFORM != "rearguard")) { + uncomment = in_comment + } else { + comment_out = !in_comment + } + } + + # If this line should differ due to Ireland using negative SAVE values, + # uncomment the desired version and comment out the undesired one. + Rule_Eire = $0 ~ /^#?Rule[\t ]+Eire[\t ]/ + Zone_Dublin_post_1968 \ + = (zone == "Europe/Dublin" && $0 ~ /^#?[\t ]+[01]:00[\t ]/ \ + && (!$(in_comment + 4) || 1968 < $(in_comment + 4))) + if (Rule_Eire || Zone_Dublin_post_1968) { + if ((Rule_Eire \ + || (Zone_Dublin_post_1968 && $(in_comment + 3) == "IST/GMT")) \ + == (DATAFORM != "rearguard")) { + uncomment = in_comment + } else { + comment_out = !in_comment + } + } + + # If this line should differ due to Namibia using negative SAVE values, + # uncomment the desired version and comment out the undesired one. + Rule_Namibia = $0 ~ /^#?Rule[\t ]+Namibia[\t ]/ + Zone_using_Namibia_rule \ + = (zone == "Africa/Windhoek" && $0 ~ /^#?[\t ]+[12]:00[\t ]/ \ + && ($(in_comment + 2) == "Namibia" \ + || ($(in_comment + 2) == "-" && $(in_comment + 3) == "CAT" \ + && ((1994 <= $(in_comment + 4) && $(in_comment + 4) <= 2017) \ + || in_comment + 3 == NF)))) + if (Rule_Namibia || Zone_using_Namibia_rule) { + if ((Rule_Namibia \ + ? ($9 ~ /^-/ || ($9 == 0 && $10 == "CAT")) \ + : $(in_comment + 1) == "2:00" && $(in_comment + 2) == "Namibia") \ + == (DATAFORM != "rearguard")) { + uncomment = in_comment + } else { + comment_out = !in_comment + } + } + + # If this line should differ due to Portugal benefiting from %z if supported, + # uncomment the desired version and comment out the undesired one. + if ($0 ~ /^#?[\t ]+-[12]:00[\t ]+Port[\t ]+[%+-]/) { + if (($0 ~ /%z/) == (DATAFORM == "vanguard")) { + uncomment = in_comment + } else { + comment_out = !in_comment + } + } + + # In vanguard form, use the line "Zone GMT 0 - GMT" instead of + # "Zone Etc/GMT 0 - GMT" and adjust Link lines accordingly. + # This works around a bug in TZUpdater 2.3.2. + if (/^#?(Zone|Link)[\t ]+(Etc\/)?GMT[\t ]/) { + if (($2 == "GMT") == (DATAFORM == "vanguard")) { + uncomment = in_comment + } else { + comment_out = !in_comment + } + } + + if (uncomment) { + sub(/^#/, "") + } + if (comment_out) { + sub(/^/, "#") + } + + # Prefer %z in vanguard form, explicit abbreviations otherwise. + if (DATAFORM == "vanguard") { + sub(/^(Zone[\t ]+[^\t ]+)?[\t ]+[^\t ]+[\t ]+[^\t ]+[\t ]+[-+][^\t ]+/, \ + "&CHANGE-TO-%z") + sub(/-00CHANGE-TO-%z/, "-00") + sub(/[-+][^\t ]+CHANGE-TO-/, "") + } else { + if ($0 ~ /^[^#]*%z/) { + stdoff_column = 2 * ($0 ~ /^Zone/) + 1 + rules_column = stdoff_column + 1 + stdoff = get_minutes($stdoff_column) + rules = $rules_column + stdabbr = offset_abbr(stdoff) + if (rules == "-") { + abbr = stdabbr + } else { + dstabbr_only = rules ~ /^[+0-9-]/ + if (dstabbr_only) { + dstoff = get_minutes(rules) + } else { + # The DST offset is normally an hour, but there are special cases. + if (rules == "Morocco" && NF == 3) { + dstoff = -60 + } else if (rules == "NBorneo") { + dstoff = 20 + } else if (((rules == "Cook" || rules == "LH") && NF == 3) \ + || (rules == "Uruguay" \ + && $0 ~ /[\t ](1942 Dec 14|1960|1970|1974 Dec 22)$/)) { + dstoff = 30 + } else if (rules == "Uruguay" && $0 ~ /[\t ]1974 Mar 10$/) { + dstoff = 90 + } else { + dstoff = 60 + } + } + dstabbr = offset_abbr(stdoff + dstoff) + if (dstabbr_only) { + abbr = dstabbr + } else { + abbr = stdabbr "/" dstabbr + } + } + sub(/%z/, abbr) + } + } + + # Normally, prefer whole seconds. However, prefer subseconds + # if generating vanguard form and the otherwise-undocumented + # VANGUARD_SUBSECONDS environment variable is set. + # This relies on #STDOFF comment lines in the data. + # It is for hypothetical clients that support UT offsets that are + # not integer multiples of one second (e.g., Europe/Lisbon, 1884 to 1912). + # No known clients need this currently, and this experimental + # feature may be changed or withdrawn in future releases. + if ($1 == "#STDOFF") { + stdoff = $2 + rounded_stdoff = round_to_second(stdoff) + if (DATAFORM == "vanguard" && ENVIRON["VANGUARD_SUBSECONDS"]) { + stdoff_subst[0] = rounded_stdoff + stdoff_subst[1] = stdoff + } else { + stdoff_subst[0] = stdoff + stdoff_subst[1] = rounded_stdoff + } + } else if (stdoff_subst[0]) { + stdoff_column = 2 * ($0 ~ /^Zone/) + 1 + stdoff_column_val = $stdoff_column + if (stdoff_column_val == stdoff_subst[0]) { + sub(stdoff_subst[0], stdoff_subst[1]) + } else if (stdoff_column_val != stdoff_subst[1]) { + stdoff_subst[0] = 0 + } + } + + # In rearguard form, change the Japan rule line with "Sat>=8 25:00" + # to "Sun>=9 1:00", to cater to zic before 2007 and to older Java. + if ($0 ~ /^Rule/ && $2 == "Japan") { + if (DATAFORM == "rearguard") { + if ($7 == "Sat>=8" && $8 == "25:00") { + sub(/Sat>=8/, "Sun>=9") + sub(/25:00/, " 1:00") + } + } else { + if ($7 == "Sun>=9" && $8 == "1:00") { + sub(/Sun>=9/, "Sat>=8") + sub(/ 1:00/, "25:00") + } + } + } + + # In rearguard form, change the Morocco lines with negative SAVE values + # to use positive SAVE values. + if ($2 == "Morocco") { + if ($0 ~ /^Rule/) { + if ($4 ~ /^201[78]$/ && $6 == "Oct") { + if (DATAFORM == "rearguard") { + sub(/\t2018\t/, "\t2017\t") + } else { + sub(/\t2017\t/, "\t2018\t") + } + } + + if (2019 <= $3) { + if ($8 == "2:00") { + if (DATAFORM == "rearguard") { + sub(/\t0\t/, "\t1:00\t") + } else { + sub(/\t1:00\t/, "\t0\t") + } + } else { + if (DATAFORM == "rearguard") { + sub(/\t-1:00\t/, "\t0\t") + } else { + sub(/\t0\t/, "\t-1:00\t") + } + } + } + } + if ($1 ~ /^[+0-9-]/ && NF == 3) { + if (DATAFORM == "rearguard") { + sub(/1:00\tMorocco/, "0:00\tMorocco") + sub(/\t\+01\/\+00$/, "\t+00/+01") + } else { + sub(/0:00\tMorocco/, "1:00\tMorocco") + sub(/\t\+00\/+01$/, "\t+01/+00") + } + } + } +} + +/^Zone/ { + packrat_ignored = FILENAME == PACKRATDATA && PACKRATLIST && !packratlist[$2]; +} +{ + if (packrat_ignored && $0 !~ /^Rule/) { + sub(/^/, "#") + } +} + +# Return a link line resulting by changing OLDLINE to link to TARGET +# from LINKNAME, instead of linking to OLDTARGET from LINKNAME. +# Align data columns the same as they were in OLDLINE. +# Also, replace any existing white space followed by comment with COMMENT. +function make_linkline(oldline, target, linkname, oldtarget, comment, \ + oldprefix, oldprefixlen, oldtargettabs, \ + replsuffix, targettabs) +{ + oldprefix = "Link\t" oldtarget "\t" + oldprefixlen = length(oldprefix) + if (substr(oldline, 1, oldprefixlen) == oldprefix) { + # Use tab stops to preserve LINKNAME's column. + replsuffix = substr(oldline, oldprefixlen + 1) + sub(/[\t ]*#.*/, "", replsuffix) + oldtargettabs = int(length(oldtarget) / 8) + 1 + targettabs = int(length(target) / 8) + 1 + for (; targettabs < oldtargettabs; targettabs++) { + replsuffix = "\t" replsuffix + } + for (; oldtargettabs < targettabs && replsuffix ~ /^\t/; targettabs--) { + replsuffix = substr(replsuffix, 2) + } + } else { + # Odd format line; don't bother lining up its replacement nicely. + replsuffix = linkname + } + return "Link\t" target "\t" replsuffix comment +} + +/^Link/ && $4 == "#=" && DATAFORM == "vanguard" { + $0 = make_linkline($0, $5, $3, $2) +} + +# If a Link line is followed by a Link or Zone line for the same data, comment +# out the Link line. This can happen if backzone overrides a Link +# with a Zone or a different Link. +/^Zone/ { + sub(/^Link/, "#Link", line[linkline[$2]]) +} +/^Link/ { + sub(/^Link/, "#Link", line[linkline[$3]]) + linkline[$3] = NR + linktarget[$3] = $2 +} + +{ line[NR] = $0 } + +function cut_link_chains_short( \ + l, linkname, t, target) +{ + for (linkname in linktarget) { + target = linktarget[linkname] + t = linktarget[target] + if (t) { + # TARGET is itself a link name. Replace the line "Link TARGET LINKNAME" + # with "Link T LINKNAME #= TARGET", where T is at the end of the chain + # of links that LINKNAME points to. + while ((u = linktarget[t])) { + t = u + } + l = linkline[linkname] + line[l] = make_linkline(line[l], t, linkname, target, "\t#= " target) + } + } +} + +END { + if (DATAFORM != "vanguard") { + cut_link_chains_short() + } + for (i = 1; i <= NR; i++) + print line[i] +} diff --git a/zishrink.awk b/zishrink.awk new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c98dc6a --- /dev/null +++ b/zishrink.awk @@ -0,0 +1,388 @@ +# Convert tzdata source into a smaller version of itself. + +# Contributed by Paul Eggert. This file is in the public domain. + +# This is not a general-purpose converter; it is designed for current tzdata. +# 'zic' should treat this script's output as if it were identical to +# this script's input. + +# Record a hash N for the new name NAME, checking for collisions. + +function record_hash(n, name) +{ + if (used_hashes[n]) { + printf "# ! collision: %s %s\n", used_hashes[n], name + exit 1 + } + used_hashes[n] = name +} + +# Return a shortened rule name representing NAME, +# and record this relationship to the hash table. + +function gen_rule_name(name, \ + n) +{ + # Use a simple mnemonic: the first two letters. + n = substr(name, 1, 2) + record_hash(n, name) + # printf "# %s = %s\n", n, name + return n +} + +function prehash_rule_names( \ + name) +{ + # Rule names are not part of the tzdb API, so substitute shorter + # ones. Shortening them consistently from one release to the next + # simplifies comparison of the output. That being said, the + # 1-letter names below are not standardized in any way, and can + # change arbitrarily from one release to the next, as the main goal + # here is compression not comparison. + + # Abbreviating these rules names to one letter saved the most space + # circa 2018e. + rule["Arg"] = "A" + rule["Brazil"] = "B" + rule["Canada"] = "C" + rule["Denmark"] = "D" + rule["EU"] = "E" + rule["France"] = "F" + rule["GB-Eire"] = "G" + rule["Halifax"] = "H" + rule["Italy"] = "I" + rule["Jordan"] = "J" + rule["Egypt"] = "K" # "Kemet" in ancient Egyptian + rule["Libya"] = "L" + rule["Morocco"] = "M" + rule["Neth"] = "N" + rule["Poland"] = "O" # arbitrary + rule["Palestine"] = "P" + rule["Cuba"] = "Q" # Its start sounds like "Q". + rule["Russia"] = "R" + rule["Syria"] = "S" + rule["Turkey"] = "T" + rule["Uruguay"] = "U" + rule["Vincennes"] = "V" + rule["Winn"] = "W" + rule["Mongol"] = "X" # arbitrary + rule["NT_YK"] = "Y" + rule["Zion"] = "Z" + rule["Austria"] = "a" + rule["Belgium"] = "b" + rule["C-Eur"] = "c" + rule["Algeria"] = "d" # country code DZ + rule["E-Eur"] = "e" + rule["Taiwan"] = "f" # Formosa + rule["Greece"] = "g" + rule["Hungary"] = "h" + rule["Iran"] = "i" + rule["StJohns"] = "j" + rule["Chatham"] = "k" # arbitrary + rule["Lebanon"] = "l" + rule["Mexico"] = "m" + rule["Tunisia"] = "n" # country code TN + rule["Moncton"] = "o" # arbitrary + rule["Port"] = "p" + rule["Albania"] = "q" # arbitrary + rule["Regina"] = "r" + rule["Spain"] = "s" + rule["Toronto"] = "t" + rule["US"] = "u" + rule["Louisville"] = "v" # ville + rule["Iceland"] = "w" # arbitrary + rule["Chile"] = "x" # arbitrary + rule["Para"] = "y" # country code PY + rule["Romania"] = "z" # arbitrary + rule["Macau"] = "_" # arbitrary + + # Use ISO 3166 alpha-2 country codes for remaining names that are countries. + # This is more systematic, and avoids collisions (e.g., Malta and Moldova). + rule["Armenia"] = "AM" + rule["Aus"] = "AU" + rule["Azer"] = "AZ" + rule["Barb"] = "BB" + rule["Dhaka"] = "BD" + rule["Bulg"] = "BG" + rule["Bahamas"] = "BS" + rule["Belize"] = "BZ" + rule["Swiss"] = "CH" + rule["Cook"] = "CK" + rule["PRC"] = "CN" + rule["Cyprus"] = "CY" + rule["Czech"] = "CZ" + rule["Germany"] = "DE" + rule["DR"] = "DO" + rule["Ecuador"] = "EC" + rule["Finland"] = "FI" + rule["Fiji"] = "FJ" + rule["Falk"] = "FK" + rule["Ghana"] = "GH" + rule["Guat"] = "GT" + rule["Hond"] = "HN" + rule["Haiti"] = "HT" + rule["Eire"] = "IE" + rule["Iraq"] = "IQ" + rule["Japan"] = "JP" + rule["Kyrgyz"] = "KG" + rule["ROK"] = "KR" + rule["Latvia"] = "LV" + rule["Lux"] = "LX" + rule["Moldova"] = "MD" + rule["Malta"] = "MT" + rule["Mauritius"] = "MU" + rule["Namibia"] = "NA" + rule["Nic"] = "NI" + rule["Norway"] = "NO" + rule["Peru"] = "PE" + rule["Phil"] = "PH" + rule["Pakistan"] = "PK" + rule["Sudan"] = "SD" + rule["Salv"] = "SV" + rule["Tonga"] = "TO" + rule["Vanuatu"] = "VU" + + # Avoid collisions. + rule["Detroit"] = "Dt" # De = Denver + + for (name in rule) { + record_hash(rule[name], name) + } +} + +function make_line(n, field, \ + f, r) +{ + r = field[1] + for (f = 2; f <= n; f++) + r = r " " field[f] + return r +} + +# Process the input line LINE and save it for later output. + +function process_input_line(line, \ + f, field, end, n, outline, r, \ + linkline, ruleline, zoneline) +{ + # Remove comments, normalize spaces, and append a space to each line. + sub(/#.*/, "", line) + line = line " " + gsub(/[\t ]+/, " ", line) + + # Abbreviate keywords and determine line type. + linkline = sub(/^Link /, "L ", line) + ruleline = sub(/^Rule /, "R ", line) + zoneline = sub(/^Zone /, "Z ", line) + + # Replace FooAsia rules with the same rules without "Asia", as they + # are duplicates. + if (match(line, /[^ ]Asia /)) { + if (ruleline) return + line = substr(line, 1, RSTART) substr(line, RSTART + 5) + } + + # Abbreviate times. + while (match(line, /[: ]0+[0-9]/)) + line = substr(line, 1, RSTART) substr(line, RSTART + RLENGTH - 1) + while (match(line, /:0[^:]/)) + line = substr(line, 1, RSTART - 1) substr(line, RSTART + 2) + + # Abbreviate weekday names. + while (match(line, / (last)?(Mon|Wed|Fri)[ <>]/)) { + end = RSTART + RLENGTH + line = substr(line, 1, end - 4) substr(line, end - 1) + } + while (match(line, / (last)?(Sun|Tue|Thu|Sat)[ <>]/)) { + end = RSTART + RLENGTH + line = substr(line, 1, end - 3) substr(line, end - 1) + } + + # Abbreviate "max", "min", "only" and month names. + # Although "max" and "min" can both be abbreviated to just "m", + # the longer forms "ma" and "mi" are needed with zic 2023d and earlier. + gsub(/ max /, dataform == "vanguard" ? " m " : " ma ", line) + gsub(/ min /, dataform == "vanguard" ? " m " : " mi ", line) + gsub(/ only /, " o ", line) + gsub(/ Jan /, " Ja ", line) + gsub(/ Feb /, " F ", line) + gsub(/ Apr /, " Ap ", line) + gsub(/ Aug /, " Au ", line) + gsub(/ Sep /, " S ", line) + gsub(/ Oct /, " O ", line) + gsub(/ Nov /, " N ", line) + gsub(/ Dec /, " D ", line) + + # Strip leading and trailing space. + sub(/^ /, "", line) + sub(/ $/, "", line) + + # Remove unnecessary trailing zero fields. + sub(/ 0+$/, "", line) + + # Remove unnecessary trailing days-of-month "1". + if (match(line, /[A-Za-z] 1$/)) + line = substr(line, 1, RSTART) + + # Remove unnecessary trailing " Ja" (for January). + sub(/ Ja$/, "", line) + + n = split(line, field) + + # Record which rule names are used, and generate their abbreviations. + f = zoneline ? 4 : linkline || ruleline ? 0 : 2 + r = field[f] + if (r ~ /^[^-+0-9]/) { + rule_used[r] = 1 + } + + if (zoneline) + zonename = startdef = field[2] + else if (linkline) + zonename = startdef = field[3] + else if (ruleline) + zonename = "" + + # Save the information for later output. + outline = make_line(n, field) + if (ruleline) + rule_output_line[nrule_out++] = outline + else if (linkline) { + # In vanguard format with Gawk, links are output sorted by destination. + if (dataform == "vanguard" && PROCINFO["version"]) + linkdef[zonename] = field[2] + else + link_output_line[nlink_out++] = outline + }else + zonedef[zonename] = (zoneline ? "" : zonedef[zonename] "\n") outline +} + +function omit_unused_rules( \ + i, field) +{ + for (i = 0; i < nrule_out; i++) { + split(rule_output_line[i], field) + if (!rule_used[field[2]]) + rule_output_line[i] = "" + } +} + +function abbreviate_rule_names( \ + abbr, f, field, i, n, newdef, newline, r, \ + zoneline, zonelines, zonename) +{ + for (i = 0; i < nrule_out; i++) { + n = split(rule_output_line[i], field) + if (n) { + r = field[2] + if (r ~ /^[^-+0-9]/) { + abbr = rule[r] + if (!abbr) { + rule[r] = abbr = gen_rule_name(r) + } + field[2] = abbr + rule_output_line[i] = make_line(n, field) + } + } + } + for (zonename in zonedef) { + zonelines = split(zonedef[zonename], zoneline, /\n/) + newdef = "" + for (i = 1; i <= zonelines; i++) { + newline = zoneline[i] + n = split(newline, field) + f = i == 1 ? 4 : 2 + r = rule[field[f]] + if (r) { + field[f] = r + newline = make_line(n, field) + } + newdef = (newdef ? newdef "\n" : "") newline + } + zonedef[zonename] = newdef + } +} + +function output_saved_lines( \ + i, zonename) +{ + for (i = 0; i < nrule_out; i++) + if (rule_output_line[i]) + print rule_output_line[i] + + # When using gawk, output zones sorted by name. + # This makes the output a bit more compressible. + PROCINFO["sorted_in"] = "@ind_str_asc" + for (zonename in zonedef) + print zonedef[zonename] + + if (nlink_out) + for (i = 0; i < nlink_out; i++) + print link_output_line[i] + else { + # When using gawk, output links sorted by destination. + # This also helps compressibility a bit. + PROCINFO["sorted_in"] = "@val_type_asc" + for (zonename in linkdef) + printf "L %s %s\n", linkdef[zonename], zonename + } +} + +BEGIN { + # Files that the output normally depends on. + default_dep["africa"] = 1 + default_dep["antarctica"] = 1 + default_dep["asia"] = 1 + default_dep["australasia"] = 1 + default_dep["backward"] = 1 + default_dep["etcetera"] = 1 + default_dep["europe"] = 1 + default_dep["factory"] = 1 + default_dep["northamerica"] = 1 + default_dep["southamerica"] = 1 + default_dep["ziguard.awk"] = 1 + default_dep["zishrink.awk"] = 1 + + # Output a version string from 'version' and related configuration variables + # supported by tzdb's Makefile. If you change the makefile or any other files + # that affect the output of this script, you should append '-SOMETHING' + # to the contents of 'version', where SOMETHING identifies what was changed. + + ndeps = split(deps, dep) + ddeps = "" + for (i = 1; i <= ndeps; i++) { + if (default_dep[dep[i]]) { + default_dep[dep[i]]++ + } else { + ddeps = ddeps " " dep[i] + } + } + for (d in default_dep) { + if (default_dep[d] == 1) { + ddeps = ddeps " !" d + } + } + print "# version", version + if (dataform != "main") { + print "# dataform", dataform + } + if (redo != "posix_right") { + print "# redo " redo + } + if (ddeps) { + print "# ddeps" ddeps + } + print "# This zic input file is in the public domain." + + prehash_rule_names() +} + +/^[\t ]*[^#\t ]/ { + process_input_line($0) +} + +END { + omit_unused_rules() + abbreviate_rule_names() + output_saved_lines() +} diff --git a/zone.tab b/zone.tab new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3fa9306 --- /dev/null +++ b/zone.tab @@ -0,0 +1,448 @@ +# tzdb timezone descriptions (deprecated version) +# +# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of +# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2021-09-20): +# This file is intended as a backward-compatibility aid for older programs. +# New programs should use zone1970.tab. This file is like zone1970.tab (see +# zone1970.tab's comments), but with the following additional restrictions: +# +# 1. This file contains only ASCII characters. +# 2. The first data column contains exactly one country code. +# +# Because of (2), each row stands for an area that is the intersection +# of a region identified by a country code and of a timezone where civil +# clocks have agreed since 1970; this is a narrower definition than +# that of zone1970.tab. +# +# Unlike zone1970.tab, a row's third column can be a Link from +# 'backward' instead of a Zone. +# +# This table is intended as an aid for users, to help them select timezones +# appropriate for their practical needs. It is not intended to take or +# endorse any position on legal or territorial claims. +# +#country- +#code coordinates TZ comments +AD +4230+00131 Europe/Andorra +AE +2518+05518 Asia/Dubai +AF +3431+06912 Asia/Kabul +AG +1703-06148 America/Antigua +AI +1812-06304 America/Anguilla +AL +4120+01950 Europe/Tirane +AM +4011+04430 Asia/Yerevan +AO -0848+01314 Africa/Luanda +AQ -7750+16636 Antarctica/McMurdo New Zealand time - McMurdo, South Pole +AQ -6617+11031 Antarctica/Casey Casey +AQ -6835+07758 Antarctica/Davis Davis +AQ -6640+14001 Antarctica/DumontDUrville Dumont-d'Urville +AQ -6736+06253 Antarctica/Mawson Mawson +AQ -6448-06406 Antarctica/Palmer Palmer +AQ -6734-06808 Antarctica/Rothera Rothera +AQ -690022+0393524 Antarctica/Syowa Syowa +AQ -720041+0023206 Antarctica/Troll Troll +AQ -7824+10654 Antarctica/Vostok Vostok +AR -3436-05827 America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires Buenos Aires (BA, CF) +AR -3124-06411 America/Argentina/Cordoba Argentina (most areas: CB, CC, CN, ER, FM, MN, SE, SF) +AR -2447-06525 America/Argentina/Salta Salta (SA, LP, NQ, RN) +AR -2411-06518 America/Argentina/Jujuy Jujuy (JY) +AR -2649-06513 America/Argentina/Tucuman Tucuman (TM) +AR -2828-06547 America/Argentina/Catamarca Catamarca (CT), Chubut (CH) +AR -2926-06651 America/Argentina/La_Rioja La Rioja (LR) +AR -3132-06831 America/Argentina/San_Juan San Juan (SJ) +AR -3253-06849 America/Argentina/Mendoza Mendoza (MZ) +AR -3319-06621 America/Argentina/San_Luis San Luis (SL) +AR -5138-06913 America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos Santa Cruz (SC) +AR -5448-06818 America/Argentina/Ushuaia Tierra del Fuego (TF) +AS -1416-17042 Pacific/Pago_Pago +AT +4813+01620 Europe/Vienna +AU -3133+15905 Australia/Lord_Howe Lord Howe Island +AU -5430+15857 Antarctica/Macquarie Macquarie Island +AU -4253+14719 Australia/Hobart Tasmania +AU -3749+14458 Australia/Melbourne Victoria +AU -3352+15113 Australia/Sydney New South Wales (most areas) +AU -3157+14127 Australia/Broken_Hill New South Wales (Yancowinna) +AU -2728+15302 Australia/Brisbane Queensland (most areas) +AU -2016+14900 Australia/Lindeman Queensland (Whitsunday Islands) +AU -3455+13835 Australia/Adelaide South Australia +AU -1228+13050 Australia/Darwin Northern Territory +AU -3157+11551 Australia/Perth Western Australia (most areas) +AU -3143+12852 Australia/Eucla Western Australia (Eucla) +AW +1230-06958 America/Aruba +AX +6006+01957 Europe/Mariehamn +AZ +4023+04951 Asia/Baku +BA +4352+01825 Europe/Sarajevo +BB +1306-05937 America/Barbados +BD +2343+09025 Asia/Dhaka +BE +5050+00420 Europe/Brussels +BF +1222-00131 Africa/Ouagadougou +BG +4241+02319 Europe/Sofia +BH +2623+05035 Asia/Bahrain +BI -0323+02922 Africa/Bujumbura +BJ +0629+00237 Africa/Porto-Novo +BL +1753-06251 America/St_Barthelemy +BM +3217-06446 Atlantic/Bermuda +BN +0456+11455 Asia/Brunei +BO -1630-06809 America/La_Paz +BQ +120903-0681636 America/Kralendijk +BR -0351-03225 America/Noronha Atlantic islands +BR -0127-04829 America/Belem Para (east), Amapa +BR -0343-03830 America/Fortaleza Brazil (northeast: MA, PI, CE, RN, PB) +BR -0803-03454 America/Recife Pernambuco +BR -0712-04812 America/Araguaina Tocantins +BR -0940-03543 America/Maceio Alagoas, Sergipe +BR -1259-03831 America/Bahia Bahia +BR -2332-04637 America/Sao_Paulo Brazil (southeast: GO, DF, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS) +BR -2027-05437 America/Campo_Grande Mato Grosso do Sul +BR -1535-05605 America/Cuiaba Mato Grosso +BR -0226-05452 America/Santarem Para (west) +BR -0846-06354 America/Porto_Velho Rondonia +BR +0249-06040 America/Boa_Vista Roraima +BR -0308-06001 America/Manaus Amazonas (east) +BR -0640-06952 America/Eirunepe Amazonas (west) +BR -0958-06748 America/Rio_Branco Acre +BS +2505-07721 America/Nassau +BT +2728+08939 Asia/Thimphu +BW -2439+02555 Africa/Gaborone +BY +5354+02734 Europe/Minsk +BZ +1730-08812 America/Belize +CA +4734-05243 America/St_Johns Newfoundland, Labrador (SE) +CA +4439-06336 America/Halifax Atlantic - NS (most areas), PE +CA +4612-05957 America/Glace_Bay Atlantic - NS (Cape Breton) +CA +4606-06447 America/Moncton Atlantic - New Brunswick +CA +5320-06025 America/Goose_Bay Atlantic - Labrador (most areas) +CA +5125-05707 America/Blanc-Sablon AST - QC (Lower North Shore) +CA +4339-07923 America/Toronto Eastern - ON & QC (most areas) +CA +6344-06828 America/Iqaluit Eastern - NU (most areas) +CA +484531-0913718 America/Atikokan EST - ON (Atikokan), NU (Coral H) +CA +4953-09709 America/Winnipeg Central - ON (west), Manitoba +CA +744144-0944945 America/Resolute Central - NU (Resolute) +CA +624900-0920459 America/Rankin_Inlet Central - NU (central) +CA +5024-10439 America/Regina CST - SK (most areas) +CA +5017-10750 America/Swift_Current CST - SK (midwest) +CA +5333-11328 America/Edmonton Mountain - AB, BC(E), NT(E), SK(W) +CA +690650-1050310 America/Cambridge_Bay Mountain - NU (west) +CA +682059-1334300 America/Inuvik Mountain - NT (west) +CA +4906-11631 America/Creston MST - BC (Creston) +CA +5546-12014 America/Dawson_Creek MST - BC (Dawson Cr, Ft St John) +CA +5848-12242 America/Fort_Nelson MST - BC (Ft Nelson) +CA +6043-13503 America/Whitehorse MST - Yukon (east) +CA +6404-13925 America/Dawson MST - Yukon (west) +CA +4916-12307 America/Vancouver Pacific - BC (most areas) +CC -1210+09655 Indian/Cocos +CD -0418+01518 Africa/Kinshasa Dem. Rep. of Congo (west) +CD -1140+02728 Africa/Lubumbashi Dem. Rep. of Congo (east) +CF +0422+01835 Africa/Bangui +CG -0416+01517 Africa/Brazzaville +CH +4723+00832 Europe/Zurich +CI +0519-00402 Africa/Abidjan +CK -2114-15946 Pacific/Rarotonga +CL -3327-07040 America/Santiago most of Chile +CL -5309-07055 America/Punta_Arenas Region of Magallanes +CL -2709-10926 Pacific/Easter Easter Island +CM +0403+00942 Africa/Douala +CN +3114+12128 Asia/Shanghai Beijing Time +CN +4348+08735 Asia/Urumqi Xinjiang Time +CO +0436-07405 America/Bogota +CR +0956-08405 America/Costa_Rica +CU +2308-08222 America/Havana +CV +1455-02331 Atlantic/Cape_Verde +CW +1211-06900 America/Curacao +CX -1025+10543 Indian/Christmas +CY +3510+03322 Asia/Nicosia most of Cyprus +CY +3507+03357 Asia/Famagusta Northern Cyprus +CZ +5005+01426 Europe/Prague +DE +5230+01322 Europe/Berlin most of Germany +DE +4742+00841 Europe/Busingen Busingen +DJ +1136+04309 Africa/Djibouti +DK +5540+01235 Europe/Copenhagen +DM +1518-06124 America/Dominica +DO +1828-06954 America/Santo_Domingo +DZ +3647+00303 Africa/Algiers +EC -0210-07950 America/Guayaquil Ecuador (mainland) +EC -0054-08936 Pacific/Galapagos Galapagos Islands +EE +5925+02445 Europe/Tallinn +EG +3003+03115 Africa/Cairo +EH +2709-01312 Africa/El_Aaiun +ER +1520+03853 Africa/Asmara +ES +4024-00341 Europe/Madrid Spain (mainland) +ES +3553-00519 Africa/Ceuta Ceuta, Melilla +ES +2806-01524 Atlantic/Canary Canary Islands +ET +0902+03842 Africa/Addis_Ababa +FI +6010+02458 Europe/Helsinki +FJ -1808+17825 Pacific/Fiji +FK -5142-05751 Atlantic/Stanley +FM +0725+15147 Pacific/Chuuk Chuuk/Truk, Yap +FM +0658+15813 Pacific/Pohnpei Pohnpei/Ponape +FM +0519+16259 Pacific/Kosrae Kosrae +FO +6201-00646 Atlantic/Faroe +FR +4852+00220 Europe/Paris +GA +0023+00927 Africa/Libreville +GB +513030-0000731 Europe/London +GD +1203-06145 America/Grenada +GE +4143+04449 Asia/Tbilisi +GF +0456-05220 America/Cayenne +GG +492717-0023210 Europe/Guernsey +GH +0533-00013 Africa/Accra +GI +3608-00521 Europe/Gibraltar +GL +6411-05144 America/Nuuk most of Greenland +GL +7646-01840 America/Danmarkshavn National Park (east coast) +GL +7029-02158 America/Scoresbysund Scoresbysund/Ittoqqortoormiit +GL +7634-06847 America/Thule Thule/Pituffik +GM +1328-01639 Africa/Banjul +GN +0931-01343 Africa/Conakry +GP +1614-06132 America/Guadeloupe +GQ +0345+00847 Africa/Malabo +GR +3758+02343 Europe/Athens +GS -5416-03632 Atlantic/South_Georgia +GT +1438-09031 America/Guatemala +GU +1328+14445 Pacific/Guam +GW +1151-01535 Africa/Bissau +GY +0648-05810 America/Guyana +HK +2217+11409 Asia/Hong_Kong +HN +1406-08713 America/Tegucigalpa +HR +4548+01558 Europe/Zagreb +HT +1832-07220 America/Port-au-Prince +HU +4730+01905 Europe/Budapest +ID -0610+10648 Asia/Jakarta Java, Sumatra +ID -0002+10920 Asia/Pontianak Borneo (west, central) +ID -0507+11924 Asia/Makassar Borneo (east, south), Sulawesi/Celebes, Bali, Nusa Tengarra, Timor (west) +ID -0232+14042 Asia/Jayapura New Guinea (West Papua / Irian Jaya), Malukus/Moluccas +IE +5320-00615 Europe/Dublin +IL +314650+0351326 Asia/Jerusalem +IM +5409-00428 Europe/Isle_of_Man +IN +2232+08822 Asia/Kolkata +IO -0720+07225 Indian/Chagos +IQ +3321+04425 Asia/Baghdad +IR +3540+05126 Asia/Tehran +IS +6409-02151 Atlantic/Reykjavik +IT +4154+01229 Europe/Rome +JE +491101-0020624 Europe/Jersey +JM +175805-0764736 America/Jamaica +JO +3157+03556 Asia/Amman +JP +353916+1394441 Asia/Tokyo +KE -0117+03649 Africa/Nairobi +KG +4254+07436 Asia/Bishkek +KH +1133+10455 Asia/Phnom_Penh +KI +0125+17300 Pacific/Tarawa Gilbert Islands +KI -0247-17143 Pacific/Kanton Phoenix Islands +KI +0152-15720 Pacific/Kiritimati Line Islands +KM -1141+04316 Indian/Comoro +KN +1718-06243 America/St_Kitts +KP +3901+12545 Asia/Pyongyang +KR +3733+12658 Asia/Seoul +KW +2920+04759 Asia/Kuwait +KY +1918-08123 America/Cayman +KZ +4315+07657 Asia/Almaty most of Kazakhstan +KZ +4448+06528 Asia/Qyzylorda Qyzylorda/Kyzylorda/Kzyl-Orda +KZ +5312+06337 Asia/Qostanay Qostanay/Kostanay/Kustanay +KZ +5017+05710 Asia/Aqtobe Aqtobe/Aktobe +KZ +4431+05016 Asia/Aqtau Mangghystau/Mankistau +KZ +4707+05156 Asia/Atyrau Atyrau/Atirau/Gur'yev +KZ +5113+05121 Asia/Oral West Kazakhstan +LA +1758+10236 Asia/Vientiane +LB +3353+03530 Asia/Beirut +LC +1401-06100 America/St_Lucia +LI +4709+00931 Europe/Vaduz +LK +0656+07951 Asia/Colombo +LR +0618-01047 Africa/Monrovia +LS -2928+02730 Africa/Maseru +LT +5441+02519 Europe/Vilnius +LU +4936+00609 Europe/Luxembourg +LV +5657+02406 Europe/Riga +LY +3254+01311 Africa/Tripoli +MA +3339-00735 Africa/Casablanca +MC +4342+00723 Europe/Monaco +MD +4700+02850 Europe/Chisinau +ME +4226+01916 Europe/Podgorica +MF +1804-06305 America/Marigot +MG -1855+04731 Indian/Antananarivo +MH +0709+17112 Pacific/Majuro most of Marshall Islands +MH +0905+16720 Pacific/Kwajalein Kwajalein +MK +4159+02126 Europe/Skopje +ML +1239-00800 Africa/Bamako +MM +1647+09610 Asia/Yangon +MN +4755+10653 Asia/Ulaanbaatar most of Mongolia +MN +4801+09139 Asia/Hovd Bayan-Olgiy, Govi-Altai, Hovd, Uvs, Zavkhan +MN +4804+11430 Asia/Choibalsan Dornod, Sukhbaatar +MO +221150+1133230 Asia/Macau +MP +1512+14545 Pacific/Saipan +MQ +1436-06105 America/Martinique +MR +1806-01557 Africa/Nouakchott +MS +1643-06213 America/Montserrat +MT +3554+01431 Europe/Malta +MU -2010+05730 Indian/Mauritius +MV +0410+07330 Indian/Maldives +MW -1547+03500 Africa/Blantyre +MX +1924-09909 America/Mexico_City Central Mexico +MX +2105-08646 America/Cancun Quintana Roo +MX +2058-08937 America/Merida Campeche, Yucatan +MX +2540-10019 America/Monterrey Durango; Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (most areas) +MX +2550-09730 America/Matamoros Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (US border) +MX +2838-10605 America/Chihuahua Chihuahua (most areas) +MX +3144-10629 America/Ciudad_Juarez Chihuahua (US border - west) +MX +2934-10425 America/Ojinaga Chihuahua (US border - east) +MX +2313-10625 America/Mazatlan Baja California Sur, Nayarit (most areas), Sinaloa +MX +2048-10515 America/Bahia_Banderas Bahia de Banderas +MX +2904-11058 America/Hermosillo Sonora +MX +3232-11701 America/Tijuana Baja California +MY +0310+10142 Asia/Kuala_Lumpur Malaysia (peninsula) +MY +0133+11020 Asia/Kuching Sabah, Sarawak +MZ -2558+03235 Africa/Maputo +NA -2234+01706 Africa/Windhoek +NC -2216+16627 Pacific/Noumea +NE +1331+00207 Africa/Niamey +NF -2903+16758 Pacific/Norfolk +NG +0627+00324 Africa/Lagos +NI +1209-08617 America/Managua +NL +5222+00454 Europe/Amsterdam +NO +5955+01045 Europe/Oslo +NP +2743+08519 Asia/Kathmandu +NR -0031+16655 Pacific/Nauru +NU -1901-16955 Pacific/Niue +NZ -3652+17446 Pacific/Auckland most of New Zealand +NZ -4357-17633 Pacific/Chatham Chatham Islands +OM +2336+05835 Asia/Muscat +PA +0858-07932 America/Panama +PE -1203-07703 America/Lima +PF -1732-14934 Pacific/Tahiti Society Islands +PF -0900-13930 Pacific/Marquesas Marquesas Islands +PF -2308-13457 Pacific/Gambier Gambier Islands +PG -0930+14710 Pacific/Port_Moresby most of Papua New Guinea +PG -0613+15534 Pacific/Bougainville Bougainville +PH +1435+12100 Asia/Manila +PK +2452+06703 Asia/Karachi +PL +5215+02100 Europe/Warsaw +PM +4703-05620 America/Miquelon +PN -2504-13005 Pacific/Pitcairn +PR +182806-0660622 America/Puerto_Rico +PS +3130+03428 Asia/Gaza Gaza Strip +PS +313200+0350542 Asia/Hebron West Bank +PT +3843-00908 Europe/Lisbon Portugal (mainland) +PT +3238-01654 Atlantic/Madeira Madeira Islands +PT +3744-02540 Atlantic/Azores Azores +PW +0720+13429 Pacific/Palau +PY -2516-05740 America/Asuncion +QA +2517+05132 Asia/Qatar +RE -2052+05528 Indian/Reunion +RO +4426+02606 Europe/Bucharest +RS +4450+02030 Europe/Belgrade +RU +5443+02030 Europe/Kaliningrad MSK-01 - Kaliningrad +RU +554521+0373704 Europe/Moscow MSK+00 - Moscow area +# The obsolescent zone.tab format cannot represent Europe/Simferopol well. +# Put it in RU section and list as UA. See "territorial claims" above. +# Programs should use zone1970.tab instead; see above. +UA +4457+03406 Europe/Simferopol Crimea +RU +5836+04939 Europe/Kirov MSK+00 - Kirov +RU +4844+04425 Europe/Volgograd MSK+00 - Volgograd +RU +4621+04803 Europe/Astrakhan MSK+01 - Astrakhan +RU +5134+04602 Europe/Saratov MSK+01 - Saratov +RU +5420+04824 Europe/Ulyanovsk MSK+01 - Ulyanovsk +RU +5312+05009 Europe/Samara MSK+01 - Samara, Udmurtia +RU +5651+06036 Asia/Yekaterinburg MSK+02 - Urals +RU +5500+07324 Asia/Omsk MSK+03 - Omsk +RU +5502+08255 Asia/Novosibirsk MSK+04 - Novosibirsk +RU +5322+08345 Asia/Barnaul MSK+04 - Altai +RU +5630+08458 Asia/Tomsk MSK+04 - Tomsk +RU +5345+08707 Asia/Novokuznetsk MSK+04 - Kemerovo +RU +5601+09250 Asia/Krasnoyarsk MSK+04 - Krasnoyarsk area +RU +5216+10420 Asia/Irkutsk MSK+05 - Irkutsk, Buryatia +RU +5203+11328 Asia/Chita MSK+06 - Zabaykalsky +RU +6200+12940 Asia/Yakutsk MSK+06 - Lena River +RU +623923+1353314 Asia/Khandyga MSK+06 - Tomponsky, Ust-Maysky +RU +4310+13156 Asia/Vladivostok MSK+07 - Amur River +RU +643337+1431336 Asia/Ust-Nera MSK+07 - Oymyakonsky +RU +5934+15048 Asia/Magadan MSK+08 - Magadan +RU +4658+14242 Asia/Sakhalin MSK+08 - Sakhalin Island +RU +6728+15343 Asia/Srednekolymsk MSK+08 - Sakha (E), N Kuril Is +RU +5301+15839 Asia/Kamchatka MSK+09 - Kamchatka +RU +6445+17729 Asia/Anadyr MSK+09 - Bering Sea +RW -0157+03004 Africa/Kigali +SA +2438+04643 Asia/Riyadh +SB -0932+16012 Pacific/Guadalcanal +SC -0440+05528 Indian/Mahe +SD +1536+03232 Africa/Khartoum +SE +5920+01803 Europe/Stockholm +SG +0117+10351 Asia/Singapore +SH -1555-00542 Atlantic/St_Helena +SI +4603+01431 Europe/Ljubljana +SJ +7800+01600 Arctic/Longyearbyen +SK +4809+01707 Europe/Bratislava +SL +0830-01315 Africa/Freetown +SM +4355+01228 Europe/San_Marino +SN +1440-01726 Africa/Dakar +SO +0204+04522 Africa/Mogadishu +SR +0550-05510 America/Paramaribo +SS +0451+03137 Africa/Juba +ST +0020+00644 Africa/Sao_Tome +SV +1342-08912 America/El_Salvador +SX +180305-0630250 America/Lower_Princes +SY +3330+03618 Asia/Damascus +SZ -2618+03106 Africa/Mbabane +TC +2128-07108 America/Grand_Turk +TD +1207+01503 Africa/Ndjamena +TF -492110+0701303 Indian/Kerguelen +TG +0608+00113 Africa/Lome +TH +1345+10031 Asia/Bangkok +TJ +3835+06848 Asia/Dushanbe +TK -0922-17114 Pacific/Fakaofo +TL -0833+12535 Asia/Dili +TM +3757+05823 Asia/Ashgabat +TN +3648+01011 Africa/Tunis +TO -210800-1751200 Pacific/Tongatapu +TR +4101+02858 Europe/Istanbul +TT +1039-06131 America/Port_of_Spain +TV -0831+17913 Pacific/Funafuti +TW +2503+12130 Asia/Taipei +TZ -0648+03917 Africa/Dar_es_Salaam +UA +5026+03031 Europe/Kyiv most of Ukraine +UG +0019+03225 Africa/Kampala +UM +2813-17722 Pacific/Midway Midway Islands +UM +1917+16637 Pacific/Wake Wake Island +US +404251-0740023 America/New_York Eastern (most areas) +US +421953-0830245 America/Detroit Eastern - MI (most areas) +US +381515-0854534 America/Kentucky/Louisville Eastern - KY (Louisville area) +US +364947-0845057 America/Kentucky/Monticello Eastern - KY (Wayne) +US +394606-0860929 America/Indiana/Indianapolis Eastern - IN (most areas) +US +384038-0873143 America/Indiana/Vincennes Eastern - IN (Da, Du, K, Mn) +US +410305-0863611 America/Indiana/Winamac Eastern - IN (Pulaski) +US +382232-0862041 America/Indiana/Marengo Eastern - IN (Crawford) +US +382931-0871643 America/Indiana/Petersburg Eastern - IN (Pike) +US +384452-0850402 America/Indiana/Vevay Eastern - IN (Switzerland) +US +415100-0873900 America/Chicago Central (most areas) +US +375711-0864541 America/Indiana/Tell_City Central - IN (Perry) +US +411745-0863730 America/Indiana/Knox Central - IN (Starke) +US +450628-0873651 America/Menominee Central - MI (Wisconsin border) +US +470659-1011757 America/North_Dakota/Center Central - ND (Oliver) +US +465042-1012439 America/North_Dakota/New_Salem Central - ND (Morton rural) +US +471551-1014640 America/North_Dakota/Beulah Central - ND (Mercer) +US +394421-1045903 America/Denver Mountain (most areas) +US +433649-1161209 America/Boise Mountain - ID (south), OR (east) +US +332654-1120424 America/Phoenix MST - AZ (except Navajo) +US +340308-1181434 America/Los_Angeles Pacific +US +611305-1495401 America/Anchorage Alaska (most areas) +US +581807-1342511 America/Juneau Alaska - Juneau area +US +571035-1351807 America/Sitka Alaska - Sitka area +US +550737-1313435 America/Metlakatla Alaska - Annette Island +US +593249-1394338 America/Yakutat Alaska - Yakutat +US +643004-1652423 America/Nome Alaska (west) +US +515248-1763929 America/Adak Alaska - western Aleutians +US +211825-1575130 Pacific/Honolulu Hawaii +UY -345433-0561245 America/Montevideo +UZ +3940+06648 Asia/Samarkand Uzbekistan (west) +UZ +4120+06918 Asia/Tashkent Uzbekistan (east) +VA +415408+0122711 Europe/Vatican +VC +1309-06114 America/St_Vincent +VE +1030-06656 America/Caracas +VG +1827-06437 America/Tortola +VI +1821-06456 America/St_Thomas +VN +1045+10640 Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh +VU -1740+16825 Pacific/Efate +WF -1318-17610 Pacific/Wallis +WS -1350-17144 Pacific/Apia +YE +1245+04512 Asia/Aden +YT -1247+04514 Indian/Mayotte +ZA -2615+02800 Africa/Johannesburg +ZM -1525+02817 Africa/Lusaka +ZW -1750+03103 Africa/Harare diff --git a/zone1970.tab b/zone1970.tab new file mode 100644 index 0000000..abd9489 --- /dev/null +++ b/zone1970.tab @@ -0,0 +1,375 @@ +# tzdb timezone descriptions +# +# This file is in the public domain. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2018-06-27): +# This file contains a table where each row stands for a timezone where +# civil timestamps have agreed since 1970. Columns are separated by +# a single tab. Lines beginning with '#' are comments. All text uses +# UTF-8 encoding. The columns of the table are as follows: +# +# 1. The countries that overlap the timezone, as a comma-separated list +# of ISO 3166 2-character country codes. See the file 'iso3166.tab'. +# 2. Latitude and longitude of the timezone's principal location +# in ISO 6709 sign-degrees-minutes-seconds format, +# either ±DDMM±DDDMM or ±DDMMSS±DDDMMSS, +# first latitude (+ is north), then longitude (+ is east). +# 3. Timezone name used in value of TZ environment variable. +# Please see the theory.html file for how these names are chosen. +# If multiple timezones overlap a country, each has a row in the +# table, with each column 1 containing the country code. +# 4. Comments; present if and only if countries have multiple timezones, +# and useful only for those countries. For example, the comments +# for the row with countries CH,DE,LI and name Europe/Zurich +# are useful only for DE, since CH and LI have no other timezones. +# +# If a timezone covers multiple countries, the most-populous city is used, +# and that country is listed first in column 1; any other countries +# are listed alphabetically by country code. The table is sorted +# first by country code, then (if possible) by an order within the +# country that (1) makes some geographical sense, and (2) puts the +# most populous timezones first, where that does not contradict (1). +# +# This table is intended as an aid for users, to help them select timezones +# appropriate for their practical needs. It is not intended to take or +# endorse any position on legal or territorial claims. +# +#country- +#codes coordinates TZ comments +AD +4230+00131 Europe/Andorra +AE,OM,RE,SC,TF +2518+05518 Asia/Dubai Crozet +AF +3431+06912 Asia/Kabul +AL +4120+01950 Europe/Tirane +AM +4011+04430 Asia/Yerevan +AQ -6617+11031 Antarctica/Casey Casey +AQ -6835+07758 Antarctica/Davis Davis +AQ -6736+06253 Antarctica/Mawson Mawson +AQ -6448-06406 Antarctica/Palmer Palmer +AQ -6734-06808 Antarctica/Rothera Rothera +AQ -720041+0023206 Antarctica/Troll Troll +AQ -7824+10654 Antarctica/Vostok Vostok +AR -3436-05827 America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires Buenos Aires (BA, CF) +AR -3124-06411 America/Argentina/Cordoba most areas: CB, CC, CN, ER, FM, MN, SE, SF +AR -2447-06525 America/Argentina/Salta Salta (SA, LP, NQ, RN) +AR -2411-06518 America/Argentina/Jujuy Jujuy (JY) +AR -2649-06513 America/Argentina/Tucuman Tucumán (TM) +AR -2828-06547 America/Argentina/Catamarca Catamarca (CT), Chubut (CH) +AR -2926-06651 America/Argentina/La_Rioja La Rioja (LR) +AR -3132-06831 America/Argentina/San_Juan San Juan (SJ) +AR -3253-06849 America/Argentina/Mendoza Mendoza (MZ) +AR -3319-06621 America/Argentina/San_Luis San Luis (SL) +AR -5138-06913 America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos Santa Cruz (SC) +AR -5448-06818 America/Argentina/Ushuaia Tierra del Fuego (TF) +AS,UM -1416-17042 Pacific/Pago_Pago Midway +AT +4813+01620 Europe/Vienna +AU -3133+15905 Australia/Lord_Howe Lord Howe Island +AU -5430+15857 Antarctica/Macquarie Macquarie Island +AU -4253+14719 Australia/Hobart Tasmania +AU -3749+14458 Australia/Melbourne Victoria +AU -3352+15113 Australia/Sydney New South Wales (most areas) +AU -3157+14127 Australia/Broken_Hill New South Wales (Yancowinna) +AU -2728+15302 Australia/Brisbane Queensland (most areas) +AU -2016+14900 Australia/Lindeman Queensland (Whitsunday Islands) +AU -3455+13835 Australia/Adelaide South Australia +AU -1228+13050 Australia/Darwin Northern Territory +AU -3157+11551 Australia/Perth Western Australia (most areas) +AU -3143+12852 Australia/Eucla Western Australia (Eucla) +AZ +4023+04951 Asia/Baku +BB +1306-05937 America/Barbados +BD +2343+09025 Asia/Dhaka +BE,LU,NL +5050+00420 Europe/Brussels +BG +4241+02319 Europe/Sofia +BM +3217-06446 Atlantic/Bermuda +BO -1630-06809 America/La_Paz +BR -0351-03225 America/Noronha Atlantic islands +BR -0127-04829 America/Belem Pará (east), Amapá +BR -0343-03830 America/Fortaleza Brazil (northeast: MA, PI, CE, RN, PB) +BR -0803-03454 America/Recife Pernambuco +BR -0712-04812 America/Araguaina Tocantins +BR -0940-03543 America/Maceio Alagoas, Sergipe +BR -1259-03831 America/Bahia Bahia +BR -2332-04637 America/Sao_Paulo Brazil (southeast: GO, DF, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS) +BR -2027-05437 America/Campo_Grande Mato Grosso do Sul +BR -1535-05605 America/Cuiaba Mato Grosso +BR -0226-05452 America/Santarem Pará (west) +BR -0846-06354 America/Porto_Velho Rondônia +BR +0249-06040 America/Boa_Vista Roraima +BR -0308-06001 America/Manaus Amazonas (east) +BR -0640-06952 America/Eirunepe Amazonas (west) +BR -0958-06748 America/Rio_Branco Acre +BT +2728+08939 Asia/Thimphu +BY +5354+02734 Europe/Minsk +BZ +1730-08812 America/Belize +CA +4734-05243 America/St_Johns Newfoundland, Labrador (SE) +CA +4439-06336 America/Halifax Atlantic - NS (most areas), PE +CA +4612-05957 America/Glace_Bay Atlantic - NS (Cape Breton) +CA +4606-06447 America/Moncton Atlantic - New Brunswick +CA +5320-06025 America/Goose_Bay Atlantic - Labrador (most areas) +CA,BS +4339-07923 America/Toronto Eastern - ON & QC (most areas) +CA +6344-06828 America/Iqaluit Eastern - NU (most areas) +CA +4953-09709 America/Winnipeg Central - ON (west), Manitoba +CA +744144-0944945 America/Resolute Central - NU (Resolute) +CA +624900-0920459 America/Rankin_Inlet Central - NU (central) +CA +5024-10439 America/Regina CST - SK (most areas) +CA +5017-10750 America/Swift_Current CST - SK (midwest) +CA +5333-11328 America/Edmonton Mountain - AB, BC(E), NT(E), SK(W) +CA +690650-1050310 America/Cambridge_Bay Mountain - NU (west) +CA +682059-1334300 America/Inuvik Mountain - NT (west) +CA +5546-12014 America/Dawson_Creek MST - BC (Dawson Cr, Ft St John) +CA +5848-12242 America/Fort_Nelson MST - BC (Ft Nelson) +CA +6043-13503 America/Whitehorse MST - Yukon (east) +CA +6404-13925 America/Dawson MST - Yukon (west) +CA +4916-12307 America/Vancouver Pacific - BC (most areas) +CH,DE,LI +4723+00832 Europe/Zurich Büsingen +CI,BF,GH,GM,GN,IS,ML,MR,SH,SL,SN,TG +0519-00402 Africa/Abidjan +CK -2114-15946 Pacific/Rarotonga +CL -3327-07040 America/Santiago most of Chile +CL -5309-07055 America/Punta_Arenas Region of Magallanes +CL -2709-10926 Pacific/Easter Easter Island +CN +3114+12128 Asia/Shanghai Beijing Time +CN +4348+08735 Asia/Urumqi Xinjiang Time +CO +0436-07405 America/Bogota +CR +0956-08405 America/Costa_Rica +CU +2308-08222 America/Havana +CV +1455-02331 Atlantic/Cape_Verde +CY +3510+03322 Asia/Nicosia most of Cyprus +CY +3507+03357 Asia/Famagusta Northern Cyprus +CZ,SK +5005+01426 Europe/Prague +DE,DK,NO,SE,SJ +5230+01322 Europe/Berlin most of Germany +DO +1828-06954 America/Santo_Domingo +DZ +3647+00303 Africa/Algiers +EC -0210-07950 America/Guayaquil Ecuador (mainland) +EC -0054-08936 Pacific/Galapagos Galápagos Islands +EE +5925+02445 Europe/Tallinn +EG +3003+03115 Africa/Cairo +EH +2709-01312 Africa/El_Aaiun +ES +4024-00341 Europe/Madrid Spain (mainland) +ES +3553-00519 Africa/Ceuta Ceuta, Melilla +ES +2806-01524 Atlantic/Canary Canary Islands +FI,AX +6010+02458 Europe/Helsinki +FJ -1808+17825 Pacific/Fiji +FK -5142-05751 Atlantic/Stanley +FM +0519+16259 Pacific/Kosrae Kosrae +FO +6201-00646 Atlantic/Faroe +FR,MC +4852+00220 Europe/Paris +GB,GG,IM,JE +513030-0000731 Europe/London +GE +4143+04449 Asia/Tbilisi +GF +0456-05220 America/Cayenne +GI +3608-00521 Europe/Gibraltar +GL +6411-05144 America/Nuuk most of Greenland +GL +7646-01840 America/Danmarkshavn National Park (east coast) +GL +7029-02158 America/Scoresbysund Scoresbysund/Ittoqqortoormiit +GL +7634-06847 America/Thule Thule/Pituffik +GR +3758+02343 Europe/Athens +GS -5416-03632 Atlantic/South_Georgia +GT +1438-09031 America/Guatemala +GU,MP +1328+14445 Pacific/Guam +GW +1151-01535 Africa/Bissau +GY +0648-05810 America/Guyana +HK +2217+11409 Asia/Hong_Kong +HN +1406-08713 America/Tegucigalpa +HT +1832-07220 America/Port-au-Prince +HU +4730+01905 Europe/Budapest +ID -0610+10648 Asia/Jakarta Java, Sumatra +ID -0002+10920 Asia/Pontianak Borneo (west, central) +ID -0507+11924 Asia/Makassar Borneo (east, south), Sulawesi/Celebes, Bali, Nusa Tengarra, Timor (west) +ID -0232+14042 Asia/Jayapura New Guinea (West Papua / Irian Jaya), Malukus/Moluccas +IE +5320-00615 Europe/Dublin +IL +314650+0351326 Asia/Jerusalem +IN +2232+08822 Asia/Kolkata +IO -0720+07225 Indian/Chagos +IQ +3321+04425 Asia/Baghdad +IR +3540+05126 Asia/Tehran +IT,SM,VA +4154+01229 Europe/Rome +JM +175805-0764736 America/Jamaica +JO +3157+03556 Asia/Amman +JP +353916+1394441 Asia/Tokyo +KE,DJ,ER,ET,KM,MG,SO,TZ,UG,YT -0117+03649 Africa/Nairobi +KG +4254+07436 Asia/Bishkek +KI,MH,TV,UM,WF +0125+17300 Pacific/Tarawa Gilberts, Marshalls, Wake +KI -0247-17143 Pacific/Kanton Phoenix Islands +KI +0152-15720 Pacific/Kiritimati Line Islands +KP +3901+12545 Asia/Pyongyang +KR +3733+12658 Asia/Seoul +KZ +4315+07657 Asia/Almaty most of Kazakhstan +KZ +4448+06528 Asia/Qyzylorda Qyzylorda/Kyzylorda/Kzyl-Orda +KZ +5312+06337 Asia/Qostanay Qostanay/Kostanay/Kustanay +KZ +5017+05710 Asia/Aqtobe Aqtöbe/Aktobe +KZ +4431+05016 Asia/Aqtau Mangghystaū/Mankistau +KZ +4707+05156 Asia/Atyrau Atyraū/Atirau/Gur'yev +KZ +5113+05121 Asia/Oral West Kazakhstan +LB +3353+03530 Asia/Beirut +LK +0656+07951 Asia/Colombo +LR +0618-01047 Africa/Monrovia +LT +5441+02519 Europe/Vilnius +LV +5657+02406 Europe/Riga +LY +3254+01311 Africa/Tripoli +MA +3339-00735 Africa/Casablanca +MD +4700+02850 Europe/Chisinau +MH +0905+16720 Pacific/Kwajalein Kwajalein +MM,CC +1647+09610 Asia/Yangon +MN +4755+10653 Asia/Ulaanbaatar most of Mongolia +MN +4801+09139 Asia/Hovd Bayan-Ölgii, Govi-Altai, Hovd, Uvs, Zavkhan +MN +4804+11430 Asia/Choibalsan Dornod, Sükhbaatar +MO +221150+1133230 Asia/Macau +MQ +1436-06105 America/Martinique +MT +3554+01431 Europe/Malta +MU -2010+05730 Indian/Mauritius +MV,TF +0410+07330 Indian/Maldives Kerguelen, St Paul I, Amsterdam I +MX +1924-09909 America/Mexico_City Central Mexico +MX +2105-08646 America/Cancun Quintana Roo +MX +2058-08937 America/Merida Campeche, Yucatán +MX +2540-10019 America/Monterrey Durango; Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (most areas) +MX +2550-09730 America/Matamoros Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (US border) +MX +2838-10605 America/Chihuahua Chihuahua (most areas) +MX +3144-10629 America/Ciudad_Juarez Chihuahua (US border - west) +MX +2934-10425 America/Ojinaga Chihuahua (US border - east) +MX +2313-10625 America/Mazatlan Baja California Sur, Nayarit (most areas), Sinaloa +MX +2048-10515 America/Bahia_Banderas Bahía de Banderas +MX +2904-11058 America/Hermosillo Sonora +MX +3232-11701 America/Tijuana Baja California +MY,BN +0133+11020 Asia/Kuching Sabah, Sarawak +MZ,BI,BW,CD,MW,RW,ZM,ZW -2558+03235 Africa/Maputo Central Africa Time +NA -2234+01706 Africa/Windhoek +NC -2216+16627 Pacific/Noumea +NF -2903+16758 Pacific/Norfolk +NG,AO,BJ,CD,CF,CG,CM,GA,GQ,NE +0627+00324 Africa/Lagos West Africa Time +NI +1209-08617 America/Managua +NP +2743+08519 Asia/Kathmandu +NR -0031+16655 Pacific/Nauru +NU -1901-16955 Pacific/Niue +NZ,AQ -3652+17446 Pacific/Auckland New Zealand time +NZ -4357-17633 Pacific/Chatham Chatham Islands +PA,CA,KY +0858-07932 America/Panama EST - ON (Atikokan), NU (Coral H) +PE -1203-07703 America/Lima +PF -1732-14934 Pacific/Tahiti Society Islands +PF -0900-13930 Pacific/Marquesas Marquesas Islands +PF -2308-13457 Pacific/Gambier Gambier Islands +PG,AQ,FM -0930+14710 Pacific/Port_Moresby Papua New Guinea (most areas), Chuuk, Yap, Dumont d'Urville +PG -0613+15534 Pacific/Bougainville Bougainville +PH +1435+12100 Asia/Manila +PK +2452+06703 Asia/Karachi +PL +5215+02100 Europe/Warsaw +PM +4703-05620 America/Miquelon +PN -2504-13005 Pacific/Pitcairn +PR,AG,CA,AI,AW,BL,BQ,CW,DM,GD,GP,KN,LC,MF,MS,SX,TT,VC,VG,VI +182806-0660622 America/Puerto_Rico AST - QC (Lower North Shore) +PS +3130+03428 Asia/Gaza Gaza Strip +PS +313200+0350542 Asia/Hebron West Bank +PT +3843-00908 Europe/Lisbon Portugal (mainland) +PT +3238-01654 Atlantic/Madeira Madeira Islands +PT +3744-02540 Atlantic/Azores Azores +PW +0720+13429 Pacific/Palau +PY -2516-05740 America/Asuncion +QA,BH +2517+05132 Asia/Qatar +RO +4426+02606 Europe/Bucharest +RS,BA,HR,ME,MK,SI +4450+02030 Europe/Belgrade +RU +5443+02030 Europe/Kaliningrad MSK-01 - Kaliningrad +RU +554521+0373704 Europe/Moscow MSK+00 - Moscow area +# Mention RU and UA alphabetically. See "territorial claims" above. +RU,UA +4457+03406 Europe/Simferopol Crimea +RU +5836+04939 Europe/Kirov MSK+00 - Kirov +RU +4844+04425 Europe/Volgograd MSK+00 - Volgograd +RU +4621+04803 Europe/Astrakhan MSK+01 - Astrakhan +RU +5134+04602 Europe/Saratov MSK+01 - Saratov +RU +5420+04824 Europe/Ulyanovsk MSK+01 - Ulyanovsk +RU +5312+05009 Europe/Samara MSK+01 - Samara, Udmurtia +RU +5651+06036 Asia/Yekaterinburg MSK+02 - Urals +RU +5500+07324 Asia/Omsk MSK+03 - Omsk +RU +5502+08255 Asia/Novosibirsk MSK+04 - Novosibirsk +RU +5322+08345 Asia/Barnaul MSK+04 - Altai +RU +5630+08458 Asia/Tomsk MSK+04 - Tomsk +RU +5345+08707 Asia/Novokuznetsk MSK+04 - Kemerovo +RU +5601+09250 Asia/Krasnoyarsk MSK+04 - Krasnoyarsk area +RU +5216+10420 Asia/Irkutsk MSK+05 - Irkutsk, Buryatia +RU +5203+11328 Asia/Chita MSK+06 - Zabaykalsky +RU +6200+12940 Asia/Yakutsk MSK+06 - Lena River +RU +623923+1353314 Asia/Khandyga MSK+06 - Tomponsky, Ust-Maysky +RU +4310+13156 Asia/Vladivostok MSK+07 - Amur River +RU +643337+1431336 Asia/Ust-Nera MSK+07 - Oymyakonsky +RU +5934+15048 Asia/Magadan MSK+08 - Magadan +RU +4658+14242 Asia/Sakhalin MSK+08 - Sakhalin Island +RU +6728+15343 Asia/Srednekolymsk MSK+08 - Sakha (E), N Kuril Is +RU +5301+15839 Asia/Kamchatka MSK+09 - Kamchatka +RU +6445+17729 Asia/Anadyr MSK+09 - Bering Sea +SA,AQ,KW,YE +2438+04643 Asia/Riyadh Syowa +SB,FM -0932+16012 Pacific/Guadalcanal Pohnpei +SD +1536+03232 Africa/Khartoum +SG,MY +0117+10351 Asia/Singapore peninsular Malaysia +SR +0550-05510 America/Paramaribo +SS +0451+03137 Africa/Juba +ST +0020+00644 Africa/Sao_Tome +SV +1342-08912 America/El_Salvador +SY +3330+03618 Asia/Damascus +TC +2128-07108 America/Grand_Turk +TD +1207+01503 Africa/Ndjamena +TH,CX,KH,LA,VN +1345+10031 Asia/Bangkok north Vietnam +TJ +3835+06848 Asia/Dushanbe +TK -0922-17114 Pacific/Fakaofo +TL -0833+12535 Asia/Dili +TM +3757+05823 Asia/Ashgabat +TN +3648+01011 Africa/Tunis +TO -210800-1751200 Pacific/Tongatapu +TR +4101+02858 Europe/Istanbul +TW +2503+12130 Asia/Taipei +UA +5026+03031 Europe/Kyiv most of Ukraine +US +404251-0740023 America/New_York Eastern (most areas) +US +421953-0830245 America/Detroit Eastern - MI (most areas) +US +381515-0854534 America/Kentucky/Louisville Eastern - KY (Louisville area) +US +364947-0845057 America/Kentucky/Monticello Eastern - KY (Wayne) +US +394606-0860929 America/Indiana/Indianapolis Eastern - IN (most areas) +US +384038-0873143 America/Indiana/Vincennes Eastern - IN (Da, Du, K, Mn) +US +410305-0863611 America/Indiana/Winamac Eastern - IN (Pulaski) +US +382232-0862041 America/Indiana/Marengo Eastern - IN (Crawford) +US +382931-0871643 America/Indiana/Petersburg Eastern - IN (Pike) +US +384452-0850402 America/Indiana/Vevay Eastern - IN (Switzerland) +US +415100-0873900 America/Chicago Central (most areas) +US +375711-0864541 America/Indiana/Tell_City Central - IN (Perry) +US +411745-0863730 America/Indiana/Knox Central - IN (Starke) +US +450628-0873651 America/Menominee Central - MI (Wisconsin border) +US +470659-1011757 America/North_Dakota/Center Central - ND (Oliver) +US +465042-1012439 America/North_Dakota/New_Salem Central - ND (Morton rural) +US +471551-1014640 America/North_Dakota/Beulah Central - ND (Mercer) +US +394421-1045903 America/Denver Mountain (most areas) +US +433649-1161209 America/Boise Mountain - ID (south), OR (east) +US,CA +332654-1120424 America/Phoenix MST - AZ (most areas), Creston BC +US +340308-1181434 America/Los_Angeles Pacific +US +611305-1495401 America/Anchorage Alaska (most areas) +US +581807-1342511 America/Juneau Alaska - Juneau area +US +571035-1351807 America/Sitka Alaska - Sitka area +US +550737-1313435 America/Metlakatla Alaska - Annette Island +US +593249-1394338 America/Yakutat Alaska - Yakutat +US +643004-1652423 America/Nome Alaska (west) +US +515248-1763929 America/Adak Alaska - western Aleutians +US +211825-1575130 Pacific/Honolulu Hawaii +UY -345433-0561245 America/Montevideo +UZ +3940+06648 Asia/Samarkand Uzbekistan (west) +UZ +4120+06918 Asia/Tashkent Uzbekistan (east) +VE +1030-06656 America/Caracas +VN +1045+10640 Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh south Vietnam +VU -1740+16825 Pacific/Efate +WS -1350-17144 Pacific/Apia +ZA,LS,SZ -2615+02800 Africa/Johannesburg +# +# The next section contains experimental tab-separated comments for +# use by user agents like tzselect that identify continents and oceans. +# +# For example, the comment "#@AQ<tab>Antarctica/" means the country code +# AQ is in the continent Antarctica regardless of the Zone name, +# so Pacific/Auckland should be listed under Antarctica as well as +# under the Pacific because its line's country codes include AQ. +# +# If more than one country code is affected each is listed separated +# by commas, e.g., #@IS,SH<tab>Atlantic/". If a country code is in +# more than one continent or ocean, each is listed separated by +# commas, e.g., the second column of "#@CY,TR<tab>Asia/,Europe/". +# +# These experimental comments are present only for country codes where +# the continent or ocean is not already obvious from the Zone name. +# For example, there is no such comment for RU since it already +# corresponds to Zone names starting with both "Europe/" and "Asia/". +# +#@AQ Antarctica/ +#@IS,SH Atlantic/ +#@CY,TR Asia/,Europe/ +#@SJ Arctic/ +#@CC,CX,KM,MG,YT Indian/ diff --git a/zonenow.tab b/zonenow.tab new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b6f2910 --- /dev/null +++ b/zonenow.tab @@ -0,0 +1,303 @@ +# tzdb timezone descriptions, for users who do not care about old timestamps +# +# This file is in the public domain. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2023-12-18): +# This file contains a table where each row stands for a timezone +# where civil timestamps are predicted to agree from now on. +# This file is like zone1970.tab (see zone1970.tab's coments), +# but with the following changes: +# +# 1. Each timezone corresponds to a set of clocks that are planned +# to agree from now on. This is a larger set of clocks than in +# zone1970.tab, where each timezone's clocks must agree from 1970 on. +# 2. The first column is irrelevant and ignored. +# 3. The table is sorted in a different way: +# first by standard time UTC offset; +# then, if DST is used, by daylight saving UTC offset; +# then by time zone abbreviation. +# 4. Every timezone has a nonempty comments column, with wording +# distinguishing the timezone only from other timezones with the +# same UTC offset at some point during the year. +# +# The format of this table is experimental, and may change in future versions. +# +# This table is intended as an aid for users, to help them select timezones +# appropriate for their practical needs. It is not intended to take or +# endorse any position on legal or territorial claims. +# +#XX coordinates TZ comments +# +# -11 - SST +XX -1416-17042 Pacific/Pago_Pago Midway; Samoa ("SST") +# +# -11 +XX -1901-16955 Pacific/Niue Niue +# +# -10 - HST +XX +211825-1575130 Pacific/Honolulu Hawaii ("HST") +# +# -10 +XX -1732-14934 Pacific/Tahiti Tahiti; Cook Islands +# +# -10/-09 - HST / HDT (North America DST) +XX +515248-1763929 America/Adak western Aleutians in Alaska ("HST/HDT") +# +# -09:30 +XX -0900-13930 Pacific/Marquesas Marquesas +# +# -09 +XX -2308-13457 Pacific/Gambier Gambier +# +# -09/-08 - AKST/AKDT (North America DST) +XX +611305-1495401 America/Anchorage most of Alaska ("AKST/AKDT") +# +# -08 +XX -2504-13005 Pacific/Pitcairn Pitcairn +# +# -08/-07 - PST/PDT (North America DST) +XX +340308-1181434 America/Los_Angeles Pacific ("PST/PDT") - US & Canada; Mexico near US border +# +# -07 - MST +XX +332654-1120424 America/Phoenix Mountain Standard ("MST") - Arizona; western Mexico; Yukon +# +# -07/-06 - MST/MDT (North America DST) +XX +394421-1045903 America/Denver Mountain ("MST/MDT") - US & Canada; Mexico near US border +# +# -06 +XX -0054-08936 Pacific/Galapagos Galápagos +# +# -06 - CST +XX +1924-09909 America/Mexico_City Central Standard ("CST") - Saskatchewan; central Mexico; Central America +# +# -06/-05 (Chile DST) +XX -2709-10926 Pacific/Easter Easter Island +# +# -06/-05 - CST/CDT (North America DST) +XX +415100-0873900 America/Chicago Central ("CST/CDT") - US & Canada; Mexico near US border +# +# -05 +XX -1203-07703 America/Lima eastern South America +# +# -05 - EST +XX +175805-0764736 America/Jamaica Eastern Standard ("EST") - Caymans; Jamaica; eastern Mexico; Panama +# +# -05/-04 - CST/CDT (Cuba DST) +XX +2308-08222 America/Havana Cuba +# +# -05/-04 - EST/EDT (North America DST) +XX +404251-0740023 America/New_York Eastern ("EST/EDT") - US & Canada +# +# -04 +XX +1030-06656 America/Caracas western South America +# +# -04 - AST +XX +1828-06954 America/Santo_Domingo Atlantic Standard ("AST") - eastern Caribbean +# +# -04/-03 (Chile DST) +XX -3327-07040 America/Santiago most of Chile +# +# -04/-03 (Paraguay DST) +XX -2516-05740 America/Asuncion Paraguay +# +# -04/-03 - AST/ADT (North America DST) +XX +4439-06336 America/Halifax Atlantic ("AST/ADT") - Canada; Bermuda +# +# -03:30/-02:30 - NST/NDT (North America DST) +XX +4734-05243 America/St_Johns Newfoundland ("NST/NDT") +# +# -03 +XX -2332-04637 America/Sao_Paulo eastern South America +# +# -03/-02 (North America DST) +XX +4703-05620 America/Miquelon St Pierre & Miquelon +# +# -02 +XX -0351-03225 America/Noronha Fernando de Noronha; South Georgia +# +# -02/-01 (EU DST) +XX +6411-05144 America/Nuuk most of Greenland +# +# -01 +XX +1455-02331 Atlantic/Cape_Verde Cape Verde +# +# -01/+00 (EU DST) +XX +3744-02540 Atlantic/Azores Azores +# -01/+00 (EU DST) until 2024-03-31; then -02/-01 (EU DST) +XX +7029-02158 America/Scoresbysund Ittoqqortoormiit +# +# +00 - GMT +XX +0519-00402 Africa/Abidjan far western Africa; Iceland ("GMT") +# +# +00/+01 - GMT/BST (EU DST) +XX +513030-0000731 Europe/London United Kingdom ("GMT/BST") +# +# +00/+01 - WET/WEST (EU DST) +XX +3843-00908 Europe/Lisbon western Europe ("WET/WEST") +# +# +00/+02 - Troll DST +XX -720041+0023206 Antarctica/Troll Troll Station in Antarctica +# +# +01 - CET +XX +3647+00303 Africa/Algiers Algeria, Tunisia ("CET") +# +# +01 - WAT +XX +0627+00324 Africa/Lagos western Africa ("WAT") +# +# +01/+00 - IST/GMT (EU DST in reverse) +XX +5320-00615 Europe/Dublin Ireland ("IST/GMT") +# +# +01/+00 - (Morocco DST) +XX +3339-00735 Africa/Casablanca Morocco +# +# +01/+02 - CET/CEST (EU DST) +XX +4852+00220 Europe/Paris central Europe ("CET/CEST") +# +# +02 - CAT +XX -2558+03235 Africa/Maputo central Africa ("CAT") +# +# +02 - EET +XX +3254+01311 Africa/Tripoli Libya; Kaliningrad ("EET") +# +# +02 - SAST +XX -2615+02800 Africa/Johannesburg southern Africa ("SAST") +# +# +02/+03 - EET/EEST (EU DST) +XX +3758+02343 Europe/Athens eastern Europe ("EET/EEST") +# +# +02/+03 - EET/EEST (Egypt DST) +XX +3003+03115 Africa/Cairo Egypt +# +# +02/+03 - EET/EEST (Lebanon DST) +XX +3353+03530 Asia/Beirut Lebanon +# +# +02/+03 - EET/EEST (Moldova DST) +XX +4700+02850 Europe/Chisinau Moldova +# +# +02/+03 - EET/EEST (Palestine DST) +XX +3130+03428 Asia/Gaza Palestine +# +# +02/+03 - IST/IDT (Israel DST) +XX +314650+0351326 Asia/Jerusalem Israel +# +# +03 +XX +4101+02858 Europe/Istanbul Near East; Belarus +# +# +03 - EAT +XX -0117+03649 Africa/Nairobi eastern Africa ("EAT") +# +# +03 - MSK +XX +554521+0373704 Europe/Moscow Moscow ("MSK") +# +# +03:30 +XX +3540+05126 Asia/Tehran Iran +# +# +04 +XX +2518+05518 Asia/Dubai Russia; Caucasus; Persian Gulf; Seychelles; Réunion +# +# +04:30 +XX +3431+06912 Asia/Kabul Afghanistan +# +# +05 +XX +4120+06918 Asia/Tashkent Russia; west Kazakhstan; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Maldives +# +# +05 - PKT +XX +2452+06703 Asia/Karachi Pakistan ("PKT") +# +# +05:30 +XX +0656+07951 Asia/Colombo Sri Lanka +# +# +05:30 - IST +XX +2232+08822 Asia/Kolkata India ("IST") +# +# +05:45 +XX +2743+08519 Asia/Kathmandu Nepal +# +# +06 +XX +2343+09025 Asia/Dhaka Russia; Kyrgyzstan; Bhutan; Bangladesh; Chagos +# +06 until 2024-03-01; then +05 +XX +4315+07657 Asia/Almaty Kazakhstan (except western areas) +# +# +06:30 +XX +1647+09610 Asia/Yangon Myanmar; Cocos +# +# +07 +XX +1345+10031 Asia/Bangkok Russia; Indochina; Christmas Island +# +# +07 - WIB +XX -0610+10648 Asia/Jakarta Indonesia ("WIB") +# +# +08 +XX +0117+10351 Asia/Singapore Russia; Brunei; Malaysia; Singapore +# +# +08 - AWST +XX -3157+11551 Australia/Perth Western Australia ("AWST") +# +# +08 - CST +XX +3114+12128 Asia/Shanghai China ("CST") +# +# +08 - HKT +XX +2217+11409 Asia/Hong_Kong Hong Kong ("HKT") +# +# +08 - PHT +XX +1435+12100 Asia/Manila Philippines ("PHT") +# +# +08 - WITA +XX -0507+11924 Asia/Makassar Indonesia ("WITA") +# +# +08:45 +XX -3143+12852 Australia/Eucla Eucla +# +# +09 +XX +5203+11328 Asia/Chita Russia; Palau; East Timor +# +# +09 - JST +XX +353916+1394441 Asia/Tokyo Japan ("JST") +# +# +09 - KST +XX +3733+12658 Asia/Seoul Korea ("KST") +# +# +09 - WIT +XX -0232+14042 Asia/Jayapura Indonesia ("WIT") +# +# +09:30 - ACST +XX -1228+13050 Australia/Darwin Northern Territory ("ACST") +# +# +09:30/+10:30 - ACST/ACDT (Australia DST) +XX -3455+13835 Australia/Adelaide South Australia ("ACST/ACDT") +# +# +10 +XX +4310+13156 Asia/Vladivostok Russia; Yap; Chuuk; Papua New Guinea; Dumont d'Urville +# +# +10 - AEST +XX -2728+15302 Australia/Brisbane Queensland ("AEST") +# +# +10 - ChST +XX +1328+14445 Pacific/Guam Mariana Islands ("ChST") +# +# +10/+11 - AEST/AEDT (Australia DST) +XX -3352+15113 Australia/Sydney southeast Australia ("AEST/AEDT") +# +# +10:30/+11 +XX -3133+15905 Australia/Lord_Howe Lord Howe Island +# +# +11 +XX -0613+15534 Pacific/Bougainville Russia; Kosrae; Bougainville; Solomons +# +# +11/+12 (Australia DST) +XX -2903+16758 Pacific/Norfolk Norfolk Island +# +# +12 +XX +5301+15839 Asia/Kamchatka Russia; Tuvalu; Fiji; etc. +# +# +12/+13 (New Zealand DST) +XX -3652+17446 Pacific/Auckland New Zealand ("NZST/NZDT") +# +# +12:45/+13:45 (Chatham DST) +XX -4357-17633 Pacific/Chatham Chatham Islands +# +# +13 +XX -210800-1751200 Pacific/Tongatapu Kanton; Tokelau; Samoa (western); Tonga +# +# +14 +XX +0152-15720 Pacific/Kiritimati Kiritimati |