Adding upstream version 2:9.0.1378.upstream/2%9.0.1378upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

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+*os_win32.txt*  For Vim version 9.0.  Last change: 2022 Sep 18
+
+
+		  VIM REFERENCE MANUAL    by George Reilly
+
+
+						*win32* *Win32* *MS-Windows*
+This file documents the idiosyncrasies of the Win32 version of Vim.
+
+The Win32 version of Vim works on Windows 7, 8, 10 and 11.  There are both
+console and GUI versions.
+
+If you have Windows XP or Vista then Vim 9.0 up to patch level 495 can be
+used.
+
+The 32 bit version also runs on 64 bit MS-Windows systems.
+
+1. Known problems		|win32-problems|
+2. Startup			|win32-startup|
+3. Restore screen contents	|win32-restore|
+4. Using the mouse		|win32-mouse|
+5. Running under Windows 95	|win32-win95|
+6. Running under Windows 3.1	|win32-win3.1|
+7. Installation package		|win32-installer|
+8. Win32 mini FAQ		|win32-faq|
+
+Additionally, there are a number of common Win32 and DOS items:
+File locations			|dos-locations|
+Using backslashes		|dos-backslash|
+Standard mappings		|dos-standard-mappings|
+Screen output and colors	|dos-colors|
+File formats			|dos-file-formats|
+:cd command			|dos-:cd|
+Interrupting			|dos-CTRL-Break|
+Temp files			|dos-temp-files|
+Shell option default		|dos-shell|
+PowerShell defaults		|dos-powershell|
+
+Win32 GUI			|gui-w32|
+
+Credits:
+The Win32 version was written by George V. Reilly <george@reilly.org>.
+The original Windows NT port was done by Roger Knobbe <RogerK@wonderware.com>.
+The GUI version was made by George V. Reilly and Robert Webb.
+
+For compiling see "src/INSTALLpc.txt".			*win32-compiling*
+
+							*WSL*
+When using Vim on WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux) the remarks here do not
+apply, `has('win32')` will return false then.  In case you need to know
+whether Vim is running on WSL you can use `exists('$WSLENV')`.
+
+==============================================================================
+1. Known problems					*win32-problems*
+
+When doing file name completion, Vim also finds matches for the short file
+name.  But Vim will still find and use the corresponding long file name.  For
+example, if you have the long file name "this_is_a_test" with the short file
+name "this_i~1", the command ":e *1" will start editing "this_is_a_test".
+
+==============================================================================
+2. Startup						*win32-startup*
+
+Current directory					*win32-curdir*
+
+If Vim is started with a single file name argument, and it has a full path
+(starts with "x:\"), Vim assumes it was started from the file explorer and
+will set the current directory to where that file is.  To avoid this when
+typing a command to start Vim, use a forward slash instead of a backslash.
+Example: >
+
+	vim c:\text\files\foo.txt
+
+Will change to the "C:\text\files" directory. >
+
+	vim c:/text\files\foo.txt
+
+Will use the current directory.
+
+
+Term option						*win32-term*
+
+The only kind of terminal type that the Win32 version of Vim understands is
+"win32", which is built-in.  If you set 'term' to anything else, you will
+probably get very strange behavior from Vim.  Therefore Vim does not obtain
+the default value of 'term' from the environment variable "TERM".
+
+$PATH							*win32-PATH*
+
+The directory of the Vim executable is appended to $PATH.  This is mostly to
+make "!xxd" work, as it is in the Tools menu.  And it also means that when
+executable() returns 1 the executable can actually be executed.
+
+Command line arguments					*win32-cmdargs*
+
+Analysis of a command line into parameters is not standardised in MS-Windows.
+Vim and gvim used to use different logic to parse it (before 7.4.432), and the
+logic was also depended on what it was compiled with.  Now Vim and gvim both
+use the CommandLineToArgvW() Win32 API, so they behave in the same way.
+
+The basic rules are:					*win32-backslashes*
+      a) A parameter is a sequence of graphic characters.
+      b) Parameters are separated by white space.
+      c) A parameter can be enclosed in double quotes to include white space.
+      d) A sequence of zero or more backslashes (\) and a double quote (")
+	is special.  The effective number of backslashes is halved, rounded
+	down.  An even number of backslashes reverses the acceptability of
+	spaces and tabs, an odd number of backslashes produces a literal
+	double quote.
+
+So:
+	"	is a special double quote
+	\"	is a literal double quote
+	\\"	is a literal backslash and a special double quote
+	\\\"	is a literal backslash and a literal double quote
+	\\\\"	is 2 literal backslashes and a special double quote
+	\\\\\"	is 2 literal backslashes and a literal double quote
+	etc.
+
+Example: >
+	vim "C:\My Music\freude" +"set ignorecase" +/"\"foo\\" +\"bar\\\"
+
+opens "C:\My Music\freude" and executes the line mode commands: >
+	set ignorecase; /"foo\ and /bar\"
+
+These rules are also described in the reference of the CommandLineToArgvW API:
+    https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb776391.aspx
+
+							*win32-quotes*
+There are additional rules for quotes (which are not well documented).
+As described above, quotes inside a file name (or any other command line
+argument) can be escaped with a backslash.  E.g. >
+	vim -c "echo 'foo\"bar'"
+
+Alternatively use three quotes to get one: >
+	vim -c "echo 'foo"""bar'"
+
+The quotation rules are:
+
+1. A `"` starts quotation.
+2. Another `"` or `""` ends quotation. If the quotation ends with `""`, a `"`
+   is produced at the end of the quoted string.
+
+Examples, with [] around an argument:
+        "foo"           -> [foo]
+        "foo""          -> [foo"]
+        "foo"bar        -> [foobar]
+        "foo" bar       -> [foo], [bar]
+        "foo""bar       -> [foo"bar]
+        "foo"" bar      -> [foo"], [bar]
+        "foo"""bar"     -> [foo"bar]
+
+
+==============================================================================
+3. Restore screen contents				*win32-restore*
+
+When 'restorescreen' is set (which is the default), Vim will restore the
+original contents of the console when exiting or when executing external
+commands.  If you don't want this, use ":set nors".	|'restorescreen'|
+
+==============================================================================
+4. Using the mouse					*win32-mouse*
+
+The Win32 version of Vim supports using the mouse.  If you have a two-button
+mouse, the middle button can be emulated by pressing both left and right
+buttons simultaneously - but note that in the Win32 GUI, if you have the right
+mouse button pop-up menu enabled (see 'mouse'), you should err on the side of
+pressing the left button first.				|mouse-using|
+
+When the mouse doesn't work, try disabling the "Quick Edit Mode" feature of
+the console.
+
+==============================================================================
+5. Running under Windows 95				*win32-win95*
+					*windows95* *windows98* *windowsme*
+Windows 95/98/ME support was removed in patch 8.0.0029  If you want to use it
+you will need to get a version older than that.
+
+==============================================================================
+6. Running under Windows 3.1				*win32-win3.1*
+
+				*win32s* *windows-3.1* *gui-w32s* *win16*
+There was a special version of gvim that runs under Windows 3.1 and 3.11.
+Support was removed in patch 7.4.1364.
+
+==============================================================================
+7. Installation package					*win32-installer*
+
+A simple installer for windows is available at http://www.vim.org/download.php
+(stable version) and nightly builds are also available at
+https://github.com/vim/vim-win32-installer/releases/
+
+The nightly builds include 32bit and 64bit builds, have most features enabled
+and usually also contain an extra cryptographic signed installer, so Windows
+will not complain.
+
+To use the installer, simply run the exe file.  The following switches are
+also supported: >
+
+    gvim_<version>.exe /S           -> silent install without any dialogues
+    gvim_<version>.exe /D=C:\vim    -> Install into directory c:\vim
+                                    -> /D must be the last argument
+    gvim_<version>.exe /S /D=c:\vim -> silent install into c:\vim
+<
+The default installation directory can alternatively be given by setting the
+$VIM environment variable.
+
+==============================================================================
+8. Win32 mini FAQ					*win32-faq*
+
+Q. How do I change the font?
+A. In the GUI version, you can use the 'guifont' option.  Example: >
+	:set guifont=Lucida_Console:h15:cDEFAULT
+<  In the console version, you need to set the font of the console itself.
+   You cannot do this from within Vim.
+
+Q. How do I type dead keys on Windows NT?
+A. Dead keys work on NT 3.51.  Just type them as you would in any other
+   application.
+   On NT 4.0, you need to make sure that the default locale (set in the
+   Keyboard part of the Control Panel) is the same as the currently active
+   locale.  Otherwise the NT code will get confused and crash!  This is a NT
+   4.0 problem, not really a Vim problem.
+
+Q. I'm using Vim to edit a symbolically linked file on a Unix NFS file server.
+   When I write the file, Vim does not "write through" the symlink.  Instead,
+   it deletes the symbolic link and creates a new file in its place.  Why?
+A. On Unix, Vim is prepared for links (symbolic or hard).  A backup copy of
+   the original file is made and then the original file is overwritten.  This
+   assures that all properties of the file remain the same.  On non-Unix
+   systems, the original file is renamed and a new file is written.  Only the
+   protection bits are set like the original file.  However, this doesn't work
+   properly when working on an NFS-mounted file system where links and other
+   things exist.  The only way to fix this in the current version is not
+   making a backup file, by ":set nobackup nowritebackup"     |'writebackup'|
+
+Q. I'm using Vim to edit a file on a Unix file server through Samba.  When I
+   write the file, the owner of the file is changed.  Why?
+A. When writing a file Vim renames the original file, this is a backup (in
+   case writing the file fails halfway).  Then the file is written as a new
+   file.  Samba then gives it the default owner for the file system, which may
+   differ from the original owner.
+   To avoid this set the 'backupcopy' option to "yes".  Vim will then make a
+   copy of the file for the backup, and overwrite the original file.  The
+   owner isn't changed then.
+
+Q. How do I get to see the output of ":make" while it's running?
+A. Basically what you need is to put a tee program that will copy its input
+   (the output from make) to both stdout and to the errorfile.  You can find a
+   copy of tee (and a number of other GNU tools) at
+   http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net or http://unxutils.sourceforge.net
+   Alternatively, try the more recent Cygnus version of the GNU tools at
+   http://www.cygwin.com  Other Unix-style tools for Win32 are listed at
+   http://directory.google.com/Top/Computers/Software/Operating_Systems/Unix/Win32/
+   When you do get a copy of tee, you'll need to add >
+	:set shellpipe=\|\ tee
+<  to your _vimrc.
+
+Q. I'm storing files on a remote machine that works with VisionFS, and files
+   disappear!
+A. VisionFS can't handle certain dot (.) three letter extension file names.
+   SCO declares this behavior required for backwards compatibility with 16bit
+   DOS/Windows environments.  The two commands below demonstrate the behavior:
+>
+	echo Hello > file.bat~
+	dir > file.bat
+<
+   The result is that the "dir" command updates the "file.bat~" file, instead
+   of creating a new "file.bat" file.  This same behavior is exhibited in Vim
+   when editing an existing file named "foo.bat" because the default behavior
+   of Vim is to create a temporary file with a '~' character appended to the
+   name.  When the file is written, it winds up being deleted.
+
+   Solution: Add this command to your _vimrc file: >
+	:set backupext=.temporary
+
+Q. How do I change the blink rate of the cursor?
+A. You can't!  This is a limitation of the NT console.  NT 5.0 is reported to
+   be able to set the blink rate for all console windows at the same time.
+
+							*:!start*
+Q. How can I asynchronously run an external command or program, or open a
+   document or URL with its default program?
+A. When using :! to run an external command, you can run it with "start". For
+   example, to run notepad: >
+	:!start notepad
+<   To open "image.jpg" with the default image viewer: >
+        :!start image.jpg
+<   To open the folder of the current file in Windows Explorer: >
+        :!start %:h
+<   To open the Vim home page with the default browser: >
+        :!start http://www.vim.org/
+<
+   Using "start" stops Vim switching to another screen, opening a new console,
+   or waiting for the program to complete; it indicates that you are running a
+   program that does not affect the files you are editing.  Programs begun
+   with :!start do not get passed Vim's open file handles, which means they do
+   not have to be closed before Vim.
+   To avoid this special treatment, use ":! start".
+   There are two optional arguments (see the next Q):
+       /min  the window will be minimized
+       /b    no console window will be opened
+   You can use only one of these flags at a time.  A second one will be
+   treated as the start of the command.
+						*windows-asynchronously*
+Q. How do I avoid getting a window for programs that I run asynchronously?
+A. You have two possible solutions depending on what you want:
+   1) You may use the /min flag in order to run program in a minimized state
+      with no other changes. It will work equally for console and GUI
+      applications.
+   2) You can use the /b flag to run console applications without creating a
+      console window for them (GUI applications are not affected). But you
+      should use this flag only if the application you run doesn't require any
+      input.  Otherwise it will get an EOF error because its input stream
+      (stdin) would be redirected to \\.\NUL (stdout and stderr too).
+
+   Example for a console application, run Exuberant ctags: >
+        :!start /min ctags -R .
+<   When it has finished you should see file named "tags" in your current
+   directory.  You should notice the window title blinking on your taskbar.
+   This is more noticeable for commands that take longer.
+   Now delete the "tags" file and run this command: >
+        :!start /b ctags -R .
+<   You should have the same "tags" file, but this time there will be no
+   blinking on the taskbar.
+   Example for a GUI application: >
+        :!start /min notepad
+        :!start /b notepad
+<   The first command runs notepad minimized and the second one runs it
+   normally.
+
+						*windows-icon*
+Q. I don't like the Vim icon, can I change it?
+A. Yes, place your favorite icon in bitmaps/vim.ico in a directory of
+   'runtimepath'.  For example ~/vimfiles/bitmaps/vim.ico.
+
+
+ vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: