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diff --git a/doc/arm/general.rst b/doc/arm/general.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c4af278 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/arm/general.rst @@ -0,0 +1,432 @@ +.. Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") +.. +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0 +.. +.. This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public +.. License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this +.. file, you can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. +.. +.. See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional +.. information regarding copyright ownership. + +.. General: + +General DNS Reference Information +================================= + +.. _rfcs: + +Requests for Comment (RFCs) +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Specification documents for the Internet protocol suite, including the +DNS, are published as part of the `Request for Comments`_ (RFCs) series +of technical notes. The standards themselves are defined by the +`Internet Engineering Task Force`_ (IETF) and the `Internet Engineering +Steering Group`_ (IESG). RFCs can be viewed online at: +https://www.rfc-editor.org/. + +While reading RFCs, please keep in mind that :rfc:`not all RFCs are +standards <1796>`, and also that the validity of documents does change +over time. Every RFC needs to be interpreted in the context of other +documents. + +BIND 9 strives for strict compliance with IETF standards. To the best +of our knowledge, BIND 9 complies with the following RFCs, with +the caveats and exceptions listed in the numbered notes below. Many +of these RFCs were written by current or former ISC staff members. +The list is non-exhaustive. + +.. _Internet Engineering Steering Group: https://www.ietf.org/about/groups/iesg/ +.. _Internet Engineering Task Force: https://www.ietf.org/about/ +.. _Request for Comments: https://www.ietf.org/standards/rfcs/ + +Some of these RFCs, though DNS-related, are not concerned with implementing +software. + +Protocol Specifications +----------------------- + +:rfc:`1034` - P. Mockapetris. *Domain Names — Concepts and Facilities.* November +1987. + +:rfc:`1035` - P. Mockapetris. *Domain Names — Implementation and Specification.* +November 1987. [#rfc1035_1]_ [#rfc1035_2]_ + +:rfc:`1183` - C. F. Everhart, L. A. Mamakos, R. Ullmann, P. Mockapetris. *New DNS RR +Definitions.* October 1990. + +:rfc:`1706` - B. Manning and R. Colella. *DNS NSAP Resource Records.* October 1994. + +:rfc:`1712` - C. Farrell, M. Schulze, S. Pleitner, and D. Baldoni. *DNS Encoding of +Geographical Location.* November 1994. + +:rfc:`1876` - C. Davis, P. Vixie, T. Goodwin, and I. Dickinson. *A Means for Expressing +Location Information in the Domain Name System.* January 1996. + +:rfc:`1982` - R. Elz and R. Bush. *Serial Number Arithmetic.* August 1996. + +:rfc:`1995` - M. Ohta. *Incremental Zone Transfer in DNS.* August 1996. + +:rfc:`1996` - P. Vixie. *A Mechanism for Prompt Notification of Zone Changes (DNS NOTIFY).* +August 1996. + +:rfc:`2136` - P. Vixie, S. Thomson, Y. Rekhter, and J. Bound. *Dynamic Updates in the +Domain Name System (DNS UPDATE).* April 1997. + +:rfc:`2163` - A. Allocchio. *Using the Internet DNS to Distribute MIXER +Conformant Global Address Mapping (MCGAM).* January 1998. + +:rfc:`2181` - R. Elz and R. Bush. *Clarifications to the DNS Specification.* July 1997. + +:rfc:`2230` - R. Atkinson. *Key Exchange Delegation Record for the DNS.* November +1997. + +:rfc:`2308` - M. Andrews. *Negative Caching of DNS Queries (DNS NCACHE).* March 1998. + +:rfc:`2539` - D. Eastlake, 3rd. *Storage of Diffie-Hellman Keys in the Domain Name +System (DNS).* March 1999. + +:rfc:`2782` - A. Gulbrandsen, P. Vixie, and L. Esibov. *A DNS RR for Specifying the +Location of Services (DNS SRV).* February 2000. + +:rfc:`2930` - D. Eastlake, 3rd. *Secret Key Establishment for DNS (TKEY RR).* +September 2000. + +:rfc:`2931` - D. Eastlake, 3rd. *DNS Request and Transaction Signatures (SIG(0)s).* +September 2000. [#rfc2931]_ + +:rfc:`3007` - B. Wellington. *Secure Domain Name System (DNS) Dynamic Update.* +November 2000. + +:rfc:`3110` - D. Eastlake, 3rd. *RSA/SHA-1 SIGs and RSA KEYs in the Domain Name +System (DNS).* May 2001. + +:rfc:`3123` - P. Koch. *A DNS RR Type for Lists of Address Prefixes (APL RR).* June +2001. + +:rfc:`3225` - D. Conrad. *Indicating Resolver Support of DNSSEC.* December 2001. + +:rfc:`3226` - O. Gudmundsson. *DNSSEC and IPv6 A6 Aware Server/Resolver +Message Size Requirements.* December 2001. + +:rfc:`3363` - R. Bush, A. Durand, B. Fink, O. Gudmundsson, and T. Hain. +*Representing Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Addresses in the Domain Name +System (DNS).* August 2002. [#rfc3363]_ + +:rfc:`3403` - M. Mealling. +*Dynamic Delegation Discovery System (DDDS). Part Three: The Domain Name System +(DNS) Database.* +October 2002. + +:rfc:`3492` - A. Costello. *Punycode: A Bootstring Encoding of Unicode for +Internationalized Domain Names in Applications (IDNA).* March 2003. + +:rfc:`3493` - R. Gilligan, S. Thomson, J. Bound, J. McCann, and W. Stevens. +*Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6.* March 2003. + +:rfc:`3496` - A. G. Malis and T. Hsiao. *Protocol Extension for Support of +Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Service Class-aware Multiprotocol Label +Switching (MPLS) Traffic Engineering.* March 2003. + +:rfc:`3596` - S. Thomson, C. Huitema, V. Ksinant, and M. Souissi. *DNS Extensions to +Support IP Version 6.* October 2003. + +:rfc:`3597` - A. Gustafsson. *Handling of Unknown DNS Resource Record (RR) Types.* +September 2003. + +:rfc:`3645` - S. Kwan, P. Garg, J. Gilroy, L. Esibov, J. Westhead, and R. Hall. *Generic +Security Service Algorithm for Secret Key Transaction Authentication for +DNS (GSS-TSIG).* October 2003. + +:rfc:`4025` - M. Richardson. *A Method for Storing IPsec Keying Material in +DNS.* March 2005. + +:rfc:`4033` - R. Arends, R. Austein, M. Larson, D. Massey, and S. Rose. *DNS Security +Introduction and Requirements.* March 2005. + +:rfc:`4034` - R. Arends, R. Austein, M. Larson, D. Massey, and S. Rose. *Resource Records for +the DNS Security Extensions.* March 2005. + +:rfc:`4035` - R. Arends, R. Austein, M. Larson, D. Massey, and S. Rose. *Protocol +Modifications for the DNS Security Extensions.* March 2005. + +:rfc:`4255` - J. Schlyter and W. Griffin. *Using DNS to Securely Publish Secure +Shell (SSH) Key Fingerprints.* January 2006. + +:rfc:`4343` - D. Eastlake, 3rd. *Domain Name System (DNS) Case Insensitivity +Clarification.* January 2006. + +:rfc:`4398` - S. Josefsson. *Storing Certificates in the Domain Name System (DNS).* March 2006. + +:rfc:`4470` - S. Weiler and J. Ihren. *Minimally covering NSEC Records and +DNSSEC On-line Signing.* April 2006. [#rfc4470]_ + +:rfc:`4509` - W. Hardaker. *Use of SHA-256 in DNSSEC Delegation Signer +(DS) Resource Records (RRs).* May 2006. + +:rfc:`4592` - E. Lewis. *The Role of Wildcards in the Domain Name System.* July 2006. + +:rfc:`4635` - D. Eastlake, 3rd. *HMAC SHA (Hashed Message Authentication +Code, Secure Hash Algorithm) TSIG Algorithm Identifiers.* August 2006. + +:rfc:`4701` - M. Stapp, T. Lemon, and A. Gustafsson. *A DNS Resource Record +(RR) for Encoding Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Information (DHCID +RR).* October 2006. + +:rfc:`4955` - D. Blacka. *DNS Security (DNSSEC) Experiments.* July 2007. [#rfc4955]_ + +:rfc:`5001` - R. Austein. *DNS Name Server Identifier (NSID) Option.* August 2007. + +:rfc:`5011` - M. StJohns. *Automated Updates of DNS Security (DNSSEC) Trust Anchors.* + +:rfc:`5155` - B. Laurie, G. Sisson, R. Arends, and D. Blacka. *DNS Security +(DNSSEC) Hashed Authenticated Denial of Existence.* March 2008. + +:rfc:`5205` - P. Nikander and J. Laganier. *Host Identity Protocol (HIP) +Domain Name System (DNS) Extension.* April 2008. + +:rfc:`5452` - A. Hubert and R. van Mook. *Measures for Making DNS More +Resilient Against Forged Answers.* January 2009. [#rfc5452]_ + +:rfc:`5702` - J. Jansen. *Use of SHA-2 Algorithms with RSA in DNSKEY and +RRSIG Resource Records for DNSSEC.* October 2009. + +:rfc:`5891` - J. Klensin. +*Internationalized Domain Names in Applications (IDNA): Protocol.* +August 2010 + +:rfc:`5936` - E. Lewis and A. Hoenes, Ed. *DNS Zone Transfer Protocol (AXFR).* +June 2010. + +:rfc:`5952` - S. Kawamura and M. Kawashima. *A Recommendation for IPv6 Address +Text Representation.* August 2010. + +:rfc:`6052` - C. Bao, C. Huitema, M. Bagnulo, M. Boucadair, and X. Li. *IPv6 +Addressing of IPv4/IPv6 Translators.* October 2010. + +:rfc:`6147` - M. Bagnulo, A. Sullivan, P. Matthews, and I. van Beijnum. +*DNS64: DNS Extensions for Network Address Translation from IPv6 Clients to +IPv4 Servers.* April 2011. [#rfc6147]_ + +:rfc:`6604` - D. Eastlake, 3rd. *xNAME RCODE and Status Bits Clarification.* +April 2012. + +:rfc:`6605` - P. Hoffman and W. C. A. Wijngaards. *Elliptic Curve Digital +Signature Algorithm (DSA) for DNSSEC.* April 2012. [#rfc6605]_ + +:rfc:`6672` - S. Rose and W. Wijngaards. *DNAME Redirection in the DNS.* +June 2012. + +:rfc:`6698` - P. Hoffman and J. Schlyter. *The DNS-Based Authentication of +Named Entities (DANE) Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol: TLSA.* +August 2012. + +:rfc:`6725` - S. Rose. *DNS Security (DNSSEC) DNSKEY Algorithm IANA Registry +Updates.* August 2012. [#rfc6725]_ + +:rfc:`6742` - RJ Atkinson, SN Bhatti, U. St. Andrews, and S. Rose. *DNS +Resource Records for the Identifier-Locator Network Protocol (ILNP).* +November 2012. + +:rfc:`6840` - S. Weiler, Ed., and D. Blacka, Ed. *Clarifications and +Implementation Notes for DNS Security (DNSSEC).* February 2013. [#rfc6840]_ + +:rfc:`6891` - J. Damas, M. Graff, and P. Vixie. *Extension Mechanisms for DNS +(EDNS(0)).* April 2013. + +:rfc:`7043` - J. Abley. *Resource Records for EUI-48 and EUI-64 Addresses +in the DNS.* October 2013. + +:rfc:`7208` - S. Kitterman. +*Sender Policy Framework (SPF) for Authorizing Use of Domains in Email, +Version 1.* +April 2014. + +:rfc:`7314` - M. Andrews. *Extension Mechanisms for DNS (EDNS) EXPIRE Option.* +July 2014. + +:rfc:`7344` - W. Kumari, O. Gudmundsson, and G. Barwood. *Automating DNSSEC +Delegation Trust Maintenance.* September 2014. [#rfc7344]_ + +:rfc:`7477` - W. Hardaker. *Child-to-Parent Synchronization in DNS.* March +2015. + +:rfc:`7553` - P. Faltstrom and O. Kolkman. *The Uniform Resource Identifier +(URI) DNS Resource Record.* June 2015. + +:rfc:`7583` - S. Morris, J. Ihren, J. Dickinson, and W. Mekking. *DNSSEC Key +Rollover Timing Considerations.* October 2015. + +:rfc:`7766` - J. Dickinson, S. Dickinson, R. Bellis, A. Mankin, and D. +Wessels. *DNS Transport over TCP - Implementation Requirements.* March 2016. + +:rfc:`7828` - P. Wouters, J. Abley, S. Dickinson, and R. Bellis. +*The edns-tcp-keepalive EDNS0 Option.* April 2016. + +:rfc:`7830` - A. Mayrhofer. *The EDNS(0) Padding Option.* May 2016. [#rfc7830]_ + +:rfc:`7929` - P. Wouters. *DNS-Based Authentication of Named Entities (DANE) +Bindings for OpenPGP.* August 2016. + +:rfc:`8078` - O. Gudmundsson and P. Wouters. *Managing DS Records from the +Parent via CDS/CDNSKEY.* March 2017. [#rfc8078]_ + +:rfc:`8080` - O. Sury and R. Edmonds. *Edwards-Curve Digital Security Algorithm +(EdDSA) for DNSSEC.* February 2017. + +:rfc:`8624` - P. Wouters and O. Sury. *Algorithm Implementation Requirements +and Usage Guidance for DNSSEC.* June 2019. + +:rfc:`8659` - P. Hallam-Baker, R. Stradling, and J. Hoffman-Andrews. +*DNS Certification Authority Authorization (CAA) Resource Record.* +November 2019. + +:rfc:`8945` - F. Dupont, S. Morris, P. Vixie, D. Eastlake 3rd, O. Gudmundsson, +and B. Wellington. +*Secret Key Transaction Authentication for DNS (TSIG).* +November 2020. + +Best Current Practice RFCs +-------------------------- + +:rfc:`2219` - M. Hamilton and R. Wright. *Use of DNS Aliases for Network Services.* +October 1997. + +:rfc:`2317` - H. Eidnes, G. de Groot, and P. Vixie. *Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA Delegation.* +March 1998. + +:rfc:`2606` - D. Eastlake, 3rd and A. Panitz. *Reserved Top Level DNS Names.* June +1999. [#rfc2606]_ + +:rfc:`3901` - A. Durand and J. Ihren. *DNS IPv6 Transport Operational Guidelines.* +September 2004. + +:rfc:`5625` - R. Bellis. *DNS Proxy Implementation Guidelines.* August 2009. + +:rfc:`6303` - M. Andrews. *Locally Served DNS Zones.* July 2011. + +:rfc:`7793` - M. Andrews. *Adding 100.64.0.0/10 Prefixes to the IPv4 +Locally-Served DNS Zones Registry.* May 2016. + +:rfc:`8906` - M. Andrews and R. Bellis. *A Common Operational Problem in DNS +Servers: Failure to Communicate.* September 2020. + +For Your Information +-------------------- + +:rfc:`1101` - P. Mockapetris. *DNS Encoding of Network Names and Other Types.* +April 1989. + +:rfc:`1123` - R. Braden. *Requirements for Internet Hosts - Application and +Support.* October 1989. + +:rfc:`1535` - E. Gavron. *A Security Problem and Proposed Correction With Widely +Deployed DNS Software.* October 1993. + +:rfc:`1536` - A. Kumar, J. Postel, C. Neuman, P. Danzig, and S. Miller. *Common DNS +Implementation Errors and Suggested Fixes.* October 1993. + +:rfc:`1912` - D. Barr. *Common DNS Operational and Configuration Errors.* February +1996. + +:rfc:`2874` - M. Crawford and C. Huitema. *DNS Extensions to Support IPv6 Address +Aggregation and Renumbering.* July 2000. [#rfc2874]_ + +:rfc:`3833` - D. Atkins and R. Austein. *Threat Analysis of the Domain Name System +(DNS).* August 2004. + +:rfc:`4074` - Y. Morishita and T. Jinmei. *Common Misbehavior Against DNS Queries for +IPv6 Addresses.* June 2005. + +:rfc:`4431` - M. Andrews and S. Weiler. *The DNSSEC Lookaside Validation +(DLV) DNS Resource Record.* February 2006. [#rfc4431]_ + +:rfc:`4892` - S. Woolf and D. Conrad. *Requirements for a Mechanism +Identifying a Name Server Instance.* June 2007. + +:rfc:`6781` - O. Kolkman, W. Mekking, and R. Gieben. *DNSSEC Operational +Practices, Version 2.* December 2012. + +:rfc:`7129` - R. Gieben and W. Mekking. *Authenticated Denial of Existence +in the DNS.* February 2014. + +:rfc:`8749` - W. Mekking and D. Mahoney. *Moving DNSSEC Lookaside Validation +(DLV) to Historic Status.* March 2020. + +Notes +~~~~~ + +.. [#rfc1035_1] Queries to zones that have failed to load return SERVFAIL rather + than a non-authoritative response. This is considered a feature. + +.. [#rfc1035_2] CLASS ANY queries are not supported. This is considered a + feature. + +.. [#rfc2931] When receiving a query signed with a SIG(0), the server is + only able to verify the signature if it has the key in its local + authoritative data; it cannot do recursion or validation to + retrieve unknown keys. + +.. [#rfc2874] Compliance is with loading and serving of A6 records only. + A6 records were moved to the experimental category by :rfc:`3363`. + +.. [#rfc4431] Compliance is with loading and serving of DLV records only. + DLV records were moved to the historic category by :rfc:`8749`. + +.. [#rfc4470] Minimally Covering NSEC records are accepted but not generated. + +.. [#rfc4955] BIND 9 interoperates with correctly designed experiments. + +.. [#rfc5452] ``named`` only uses ports to extend the ID space; addresses are not + used. + +.. [#rfc6147] Section 5.5 does not match reality. ``named`` uses the presence + of DO=1 to detect if validation may be occurring. CD has no bearing + on whether validation occurs. + +.. [#rfc6605] Compliance is conditional on the OpenSSL library being linked against + a supporting ECDSA. + +.. [#rfc6725] RSAMD5 support has been removed. See :rfc:`8624`. + +.. [#rfc6840] Section 5.9 - Always set CD=1 on queries. This is *not* done, as + it prevents DNSSEC from working correctly through another recursive server. + + When talking to a recursive server, the best algorithm is to send + CD=0 and then send CD=1 iff SERVFAIL is returned, in case the recursive + server has a bad clock and/or bad trust anchor. Alternatively, one + can send CD=1 then CD=0 on validation failure, in case the recursive + server is under attack or there is stale/bogus authoritative data. + +.. [#rfc7344] Updating of parent zones is not yet implemented. + +.. [#rfc7830] ``named`` does not currently encrypt DNS requests, so the PAD option + is accepted but not returned in responses. + +.. [#rfc3363] Section 4 is ignored. + +.. [#rfc2606] This does not apply to DNS server implementations. + +.. [#rfc1521] Only the Base 64 encoding specification is supported. + +.. [#idna] BIND 9 requires ``--with-libidn2`` to enable entry of IDN labels within + dig, host, and nslookup at compile time. ACE labels are supported + everywhere with or without ``--with-libidn2``. + +.. [#rfc4294] Section 5.1 - DNAME records are fully supported. + +.. [#rfc8078] Updating of parent zones is not yet implemented. + +.. _internet_drafts: + +Internet Drafts +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Internet Drafts (IDs) are rough-draft working documents of the Internet +Engineering Task Force (IETF). They are, in essence, RFCs in the preliminary +stages of development. Implementors are cautioned not to regard IDs as +archival, and they should not be quoted or cited in any formal documents +unless accompanied by the disclaimer that they are "works in progress." +IDs have a lifespan of six months, after which they are deleted unless +updated by their authors. |