Adding upstream version 2.36.1.upstream/2.36.1upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 418 insertions, 0 deletions

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+.\" Copyright 1993, 1994, 1995 by Theodore Ts'o.  All Rights Reserved.
+.\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License.
+.\"
+.TH FSCK 8 "February 2009" "util-linux" "System Administration"
+.SH NAME
+fsck \- check and repair a Linux filesystem
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B fsck
+.RB [ \-lsAVRTMNP ]
+.RB [ \-r
+.RI [ fd ]]
+.RB [ \-C
+.RI [ fd ]]
+.RB [ \-t
+.IR fstype ]
+.RI [ filesystem \&...\&]
+.RB [ \-\- ]
+.RI [ fs-specific-options ]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B fsck
+is used to check and optionally repair one or more Linux filesystems.
+.I filesys
+can be a device name (e.g.,
+.IR /dev/hdc1 ", " /dev/sdb2 ),
+a mount point (e.g.,
+.IR / ", " /usr ", " /home ),
+or an filesystem label or UUID specifier (e.g.,
+UUID=8868abf6-88c5-4a83-98b8-bfc24057f7bd or LABEL=root).
+Normally, the
+.B fsck
+program will try to handle filesystems on different physical disk drives
+in parallel to reduce the total amount of time needed to check all of them.
+.PP
+If no filesystems are specified on the command line, and the
+.B \-A
+option is not specified,
+.B fsck
+will default to checking filesystems in
+.I /etc/fstab
+serially.  This is equivalent to the
+.B \-As
+options.
+.PP
+The exit status returned by
+.B fsck
+is the sum of the following conditions:
+.PP
+.RS
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B 0
+No errors
+.TP
+.B 1
+Filesystem errors corrected
+.TP
+.B 2
+System should be rebooted
+.TP
+.B 4
+Filesystem errors left uncorrected
+.TP
+.B 8
+Operational error
+.TP
+.B 16
+Usage or syntax error
+.TP
+.B 32
+Checking canceled by user request
+.TP
+.B 128
+Shared-library error
+.PD
+.RE
+.PP
+The exit status returned when multiple filesystems are checked
+is the bit-wise OR of the exit statuses for each
+filesystem that is checked.
+.PP
+In actuality,
+.B fsck
+is simply a front-end for the various filesystem checkers
+(\fBfsck\fR.\fIfstype\fR) available under Linux.  The
+filesystem-specific checker is searched for in the
+PATH environment variable. If the PATH is undefined then
+fallback to "/sbin".
+.PP
+Please see the filesystem-specific checker manual pages for
+further details.
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP
+.B \-l
+Create an exclusive
+.BR flock (2)
+lock file (/run/fsck/<diskname>.lock) for whole-disk device.
+This option can be used with one device only (this means that \fB\-A\fR and
+\fB\-l\fR are mutually exclusive).  This option is recommended when more
+.BR fsck (8)
+instances are executed in the same time.  The option is ignored when used for
+multiple devices or for non-rotating disks.  \fBfsck\fR does not lock underlying
+devices when executed to check stacked devices (e.g.\& MD or DM) \(en this feature is
+not implemented yet.
+.TP
+.BR \-r \ [ \fIfd\fR ]
+Report certain statistics for each fsck when it completes.  These statistics
+include the exit status, the maximum run set size (in kilobytes), the elapsed
+all-clock time and the user and system CPU time used by the fsck run.  For
+example:
+
+/dev/sda1: status 0, rss 92828, real 4.002804, user 2.677592, sys 0.86186
+
+GUI front-ends may specify a file descriptor
+.IR fd ,
+in which case the progress bar information will be sent to that file descriptor
+in a machine parsable format.  For example:
+
+/dev/sda1 0 92828 4.002804 2.677592 0.86186
+.TP
+.B \-s
+Serialize
+.B fsck
+operations.  This is a good idea if you are checking multiple
+filesystems and the checkers are in an interactive mode.  (Note:
+.BR e2fsck (8)
+runs in an interactive mode by default.  To make
+.BR e2fsck (8)
+run in a non-interactive mode, you must either specify the
+.B \-p
+or
+.B \-a
+option, if you wish for errors to be corrected automatically, or the
+.B \-n
+option if you do not.)
+.TP
+.BI \-t " fslist"
+Specifies the type(s) of filesystem to be checked.  When the
+.B \-A
+flag is specified, only filesystems that match
+.I fslist
+are checked.  The
+.I fslist
+parameter is a comma-separated list of filesystems and options
+specifiers.  All of the filesystems in this comma-separated list may be
+prefixed by a negation operator
+.RB ' no '
+or
+.RB ' ! ',
+which requests that only those filesystems not listed in
+.I fslist
+will be checked.  If none of the filesystems in
+.I fslist
+is prefixed by a negation operator, then only those listed filesystems
+will be checked.
+.sp
+Options specifiers may be included in the comma-separated
+.IR fslist .
+They must have the format
+.BI opts= fs-option\fR.
+If an options specifier is present, then only filesystems which contain
+.I fs-option
+in their mount options field of
+.I /etc/fstab
+will be checked.  If the options specifier is prefixed by a negation
+operator, then only
+those filesystems that do not have
+.I fs-option
+in their mount options field of
+.I /etc/fstab
+will be checked.
+.sp
+For example, if
+.B opts=ro
+appears in
+.IR fslist ,
+then only filesystems listed in
+.I /etc/fstab
+with the
+.B ro
+option will be checked.
+.sp
+For compatibility with Mandrake distributions whose boot scripts
+depend upon an unauthorized UI change to the
+.B fsck
+program, if a filesystem type of
+.B loop
+is found in
+.IR fslist ,
+it is treated as if
+.B opts=loop
+were specified as an argument to the
+.B \-t
+option.
+.sp
+Normally, the filesystem type is deduced by searching for
+.I filesys
+in the
+.I /etc/fstab
+file and using the corresponding entry.
+If the type cannot be deduced, and there is only a single filesystem
+given as an argument to the
+.B \-t
+option,
+.B fsck
+will use the specified filesystem type.  If this type is not
+available, then the default filesystem type (currently ext2) is used.
+.TP
+.B \-A
+Walk through the
+.I /etc/fstab
+file and try to check all filesystems in one run.  This option is
+typically used from the
+.I /etc/rc
+system initialization file, instead of multiple commands for checking
+a single filesystem.
+.sp
+The root filesystem will be checked first unless the
+.B \-P
+option is specified (see below).  After that,
+filesystems will be checked in the order specified by the
+.I fs_passno
+(the sixth) field in the
+.I /etc/fstab
+file.
+Filesystems with a
+.I fs_passno
+value of 0 are skipped and are not checked at all.  Filesystems with a
+.I fs_passno
+value of greater than zero will be checked in order,
+with filesystems with the lowest
+.I fs_passno
+number being checked first.
+If there are multiple filesystems with the same pass number,
+.B fsck
+will attempt to check them in parallel, although it will avoid running
+multiple filesystem checks on the same physical disk.
+.sp
+.B fsck
+does not check stacked devices (RAIDs, dm-crypt, \&...\&) in parallel with any other
+device.  See below for FSCK_FORCE_ALL_PARALLEL setting.  The /sys filesystem is
+used to determine dependencies between devices.
+.sp
+Hence, a very common configuration in
+.I /etc/fstab
+files is to set the root filesystem to have a
+.I fs_passno
+value of 1
+and to set all other filesystems to have a
+.I fs_passno
+value of 2.  This will allow
+.B fsck
+to automatically run filesystem checkers in parallel if it is advantageous
+to do so.  System administrators might choose
+not to use this configuration if they need to avoid multiple filesystem
+checks running in parallel for some reason \(en for example, if the
+machine in question is short on memory so that
+excessive paging is a concern.
+.sp
+.B fsck
+normally does not check whether the device actually exists before
+calling a filesystem specific checker.  Therefore non-existing
+devices may cause the system to enter filesystem repair mode during
+boot if the filesystem specific checker returns a fatal error.  The
+.I /etc/fstab
+mount option
+.B nofail
+may be used to have
+.B fsck
+skip non-existing devices.
+.B fsck
+also skips non-existing devices that have the special filesystem type
+.BR auto .
+.TP
+.BR \-C \ [ \fIfd\fR ]
+Display completion/progress bars for those filesystem checkers (currently
+only for ext[234]) which support them.  \fBfsck\fR will manage the
+filesystem checkers so that only one of them will display
+a progress bar at a time.  GUI front-ends may specify a file descriptor
+.IR fd ,
+in which case the progress bar information will be sent to that file descriptor.
+.TP
+.B \-M
+Do not check mounted filesystems and return an exit status of 0
+for mounted filesystems.
+.TP
+.B \-N
+Don't execute, just show what would be done.
+.TP
+.B \-P
+When the
+.B \-A
+flag is set, check the root filesystem in parallel with the other filesystems.
+This is not the safest thing in the world to do,
+since if the root filesystem is in doubt things like the
+.BR e2fsck (8)
+executable might be corrupted!  This option is mainly provided
+for those sysadmins who don't want to repartition the root
+filesystem to be small and compact (which is really the right solution).
+.TP
+.B \-R
+When checking all filesystems with the
+.B \-A
+flag, skip the root filesystem.  (This is useful in case the root
+filesystem has already been mounted read-write.)
+.TP
+.B \-T
+Don't show the title on startup.
+.TP
+.B \-V
+Produce verbose output, including all filesystem-specific commands
+that are executed.
+.TP
+\fB\-?\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+Display help text and exit.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-version\fR
+Display version information and exit.
+.SH FILESYSTEM SPECIFIC OPTIONS
+.B Options which are not understood by fsck are passed to the filesystem-specific checker!
+.PP
+These options
+.B must
+not take arguments, as there is no
+way for
+.B fsck
+to be able to properly guess which options take arguments and which
+don't.
+.PP
+Options and arguments which follow the
+.B \-\-
+are treated as filesystem-specific options to be passed to the
+filesystem-specific checker.
+.PP
+Please note that \fBfsck\fR is not
+designed to pass arbitrarily complicated options to filesystem-specific
+checkers.  If you're doing something complicated, please just
+execute the filesystem-specific checker directly.  If you pass
+.B fsck
+some horribly complicated options and arguments, and it doesn't do
+what you expect,
+.B don't bother reporting it as a bug.
+You're almost certainly doing something that you shouldn't be doing
+with
+.BR fsck .
+Options to different filesystem-specific fsck's are not standardized.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+The
+.B fsck
+program's behavior is affected by the following environment variables:
+.TP
+.B FSCK_FORCE_ALL_PARALLEL
+If this environment variable is set,
+.B fsck
+will attempt to check all of the specified filesystems in parallel, regardless of
+whether the filesystems appear to be on the same device.  (This is useful for
+RAID systems or high-end storage systems such as those sold by companies such
+as IBM or EMC.)  Note that the fs_passno value is still used.
+.TP
+.B FSCK_MAX_INST
+This environment variable will limit the maximum number of filesystem
+checkers that can be running at one time.  This allows configurations
+which have a large number of disks to avoid
+.B fsck
+starting too many filesystem checkers at once, which might overload
+CPU and memory resources available on the system.  If this value is
+zero, then an unlimited number of processes can be spawned.  This is
+currently the default, but future versions of
+.B fsck
+may attempt to automatically determine how many filesystem checks can
+be run based on gathering accounting data from the operating system.
+.TP
+.B PATH
+The
+.B PATH
+environment variable is used to find filesystem checkers.
+.TP
+.B FSTAB_FILE
+This environment variable allows the system administrator
+to override the standard location of the
+.I /etc/fstab
+file.  It is also useful for developers who are testing
+.BR fsck .
+.TP
+.B LIBBLKID_DEBUG=all
+enables libblkid debug output.
+.TP
+.B LIBMOUNT_DEBUG=all
+enables libmount debug output.
+.SH FILES
+.I /etc/fstab
+.SH AUTHORS
+.nf
+Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
+Karel Zak <kzak@redhat.com>
+.fi
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.na
+.BR fstab (5),
+.BR mkfs (8),
+.BR fsck.ext2 (8)
+or
+.BR fsck.ext3 (8)
+or
+.BR e2fsck (8),
+.BR fsck.cramfs (8),
+.BR fsck.jfs (8),
+.BR fsck.nfs (8),
+.BR fsck.minix (8),
+.BR fsck.msdos (8),
+.BR fsck.vfat (8),
+.BR fsck.xfs (8),
+.BR reiserfsck (8)
+.ad
+.SH AVAILABILITY
+The fsck command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
+.UR https://\:www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/
+Linux Kernel Archive
+.UE .