Adding upstream version 247.3.upstream/247.3upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 705 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/basic/virt.c b/src/basic/virt.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d78a40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/virt.c
@@ -0,0 +1,705 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
+#include <cpuid.h>
+#endif
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "dirent-util.h"
+#include "env-util.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "process-util.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+#include "string-table.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "virt.h"
+
+#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
+static const char *const vm_table[_VIRTUALIZATION_MAX] = {
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_XEN]       = "XenVMMXenVMM",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_KVM]       = "KVMKVMKVM",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_QEMU]      = "TCGTCGTCGTCG",
+        /* http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=1009458 */
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_VMWARE]    = "VMwareVMware",
+        /* https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/virtualization/hyper-v-on-windows/reference/tlfs */
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_MICROSOFT] = "Microsoft Hv",
+        /* https://wiki.freebsd.org/bhyve */
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_BHYVE]     = "bhyve bhyve ",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_QNX]       = "QNXQVMBSQG",
+        /* https://projectacrn.org */
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_ACRN]      = "ACRNACRNACRN",
+};
+
+DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_FROM_STRING(vm, int);
+#endif
+
+static int detect_vm_cpuid(void) {
+
+        /* CPUID is an x86 specific interface. */
+#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
+
+        uint32_t eax, ebx, ecx, edx;
+        bool hypervisor;
+
+        /* http://lwn.net/Articles/301888/ */
+
+        /* First detect whether there is a hypervisor */
+        if (__get_cpuid(1, &eax, &ebx, &ecx, &edx) == 0)
+                return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
+
+        hypervisor = ecx & 0x80000000U;
+
+        if (hypervisor) {
+                union {
+                        uint32_t sig32[3];
+                        char text[13];
+                } sig = {};
+                int v;
+
+                /* There is a hypervisor, see what it is */
+                __cpuid(0x40000000U, eax, ebx, ecx, edx);
+
+                sig.sig32[0] = ebx;
+                sig.sig32[1] = ecx;
+                sig.sig32[2] = edx;
+
+                log_debug("Virtualization found, CPUID=%s", sig.text);
+
+                v = vm_from_string(sig.text);
+                if (v < 0)
+                        return VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER;
+
+                return v;
+        }
+#endif
+        log_debug("No virtualization found in CPUID");
+
+        return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
+}
+
+static int detect_vm_device_tree(void) {
+#if defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__powerpc64__)
+        _cleanup_free_ char *hvtype = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = read_one_line_file("/proc/device-tree/hypervisor/compatible", &hvtype);
+        if (r == -ENOENT) {
+                _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *dir = NULL;
+                struct dirent *dent;
+
+                if (access("/proc/device-tree/ibm,partition-name", F_OK) == 0 &&
+                    access("/proc/device-tree/hmc-managed?", F_OK) == 0 &&
+                    access("/proc/device-tree/chosen/qemu,graphic-width", F_OK) != 0)
+                        return VIRTUALIZATION_POWERVM;
+
+                dir = opendir("/proc/device-tree");
+                if (!dir) {
+                        if (errno == ENOENT) {
+                                log_debug_errno(errno, "/proc/device-tree: %m");
+                                return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
+                        }
+                        return -errno;
+                }
+
+                FOREACH_DIRENT(dent, dir, return -errno)
+                        if (strstr(dent->d_name, "fw-cfg")) {
+                                log_debug("Virtualization QEMU: \"fw-cfg\" present in /proc/device-tree/%s", dent->d_name);
+                                return VIRTUALIZATION_QEMU;
+                        }
+
+                log_debug("No virtualization found in /proc/device-tree/*");
+                return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
+        } else if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        log_debug("Virtualization %s found in /proc/device-tree/hypervisor/compatible", hvtype);
+        if (streq(hvtype, "linux,kvm"))
+                return VIRTUALIZATION_KVM;
+        else if (strstr(hvtype, "xen"))
+                return VIRTUALIZATION_XEN;
+        else if (strstr(hvtype, "vmware"))
+                return VIRTUALIZATION_VMWARE;
+        else
+                return VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER;
+#else
+        log_debug("This platform does not support /proc/device-tree");
+        return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
+#endif
+}
+
+static int detect_vm_dmi(void) {
+#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__)
+
+        static const char *const dmi_vendors[] = {
+                "/sys/class/dmi/id/product_name", /* Test this before sys_vendor to detect KVM over QEMU */
+                "/sys/class/dmi/id/sys_vendor",
+                "/sys/class/dmi/id/board_vendor",
+                "/sys/class/dmi/id/bios_vendor"
+        };
+
+        static const struct {
+                const char *vendor;
+                int id;
+        } dmi_vendor_table[] = {
+                { "KVM",                 VIRTUALIZATION_KVM       },
+                { "QEMU",                VIRTUALIZATION_QEMU      },
+                { "VMware",              VIRTUALIZATION_VMWARE    }, /* https://kb.vmware.com/s/article/1009458 */
+                { "VMW",                 VIRTUALIZATION_VMWARE    },
+                { "innotek GmbH",        VIRTUALIZATION_ORACLE    },
+                { "Oracle Corporation",  VIRTUALIZATION_ORACLE    },
+                { "Xen",                 VIRTUALIZATION_XEN       },
+                { "Bochs",               VIRTUALIZATION_BOCHS     },
+                { "Parallels",           VIRTUALIZATION_PARALLELS },
+                /* https://wiki.freebsd.org/bhyve */
+                { "BHYVE",               VIRTUALIZATION_BHYVE     },
+        };
+        unsigned i;
+        int r;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(dmi_vendors); i++) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
+                unsigned j;
+
+                r = read_one_line_file(dmi_vendors[i], &s);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                                continue;
+
+                        return r;
+                }
+
+                for (j = 0; j < ELEMENTSOF(dmi_vendor_table); j++)
+                        if (startswith(s, dmi_vendor_table[j].vendor)) {
+                                log_debug("Virtualization %s found in DMI (%s)", s, dmi_vendors[i]);
+                                return dmi_vendor_table[j].id;
+                        }
+        }
+#endif
+
+        log_debug("No virtualization found in DMI");
+
+        return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
+}
+
+static int detect_vm_xen(void) {
+
+        /* Check for Dom0 will be executed later in detect_vm_xen_dom0
+           The presence of /proc/xen indicates some form of a Xen domain */
+        if (access("/proc/xen", F_OK) < 0) {
+                log_debug("Virtualization XEN not found, /proc/xen does not exist");
+                return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
+        }
+
+        log_debug("Virtualization XEN found (/proc/xen exists)");
+        return VIRTUALIZATION_XEN;
+}
+
+#define XENFEAT_dom0 11 /* xen/include/public/features.h */
+#define PATH_FEATURES "/sys/hypervisor/properties/features"
+/* Returns -errno, or 0 for domU, or 1 for dom0 */
+static int detect_vm_xen_dom0(void) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *domcap = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = read_one_line_file(PATH_FEATURES, &domcap);
+        if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
+                return r;
+        if (r >= 0) {
+                unsigned long features;
+
+                /* Here, we need to use sscanf() instead of safe_atoul()
+                 * as the string lacks the leading "0x". */
+                r = sscanf(domcap, "%lx", &features);
+                if (r == 1) {
+                        r = !!(features & (1U << XENFEAT_dom0));
+                        log_debug("Virtualization XEN, found %s with value %08lx, "
+                                  "XENFEAT_dom0 (indicating the 'hardware domain') is%s set.",
+                                  PATH_FEATURES, features, r ? "" : " not");
+                        return r;
+                }
+                log_debug("Virtualization XEN, found %s, unhandled content '%s'",
+                          PATH_FEATURES, domcap);
+        }
+
+        r = read_one_line_file("/proc/xen/capabilities", &domcap);
+        if (r == -ENOENT) {
+                log_debug("Virtualization XEN because /proc/xen/capabilities does not exist");
+                return 0;
+        }
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        for (const char *i = domcap;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *cap = NULL;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&i, &cap, ",", 0);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0) {
+                        log_debug("Virtualization XEN DomU found (/proc/xen/capabilities)");
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                if (streq(cap, "control_d")) {
+                        log_debug("Virtualization XEN Dom0 ignored (/proc/xen/capabilities)");
+                        return 1;
+                }
+        }
+}
+
+static int detect_vm_hypervisor(void) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *hvtype = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = read_one_line_file("/sys/hypervisor/type", &hvtype);
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        log_debug("Virtualization %s found in /sys/hypervisor/type", hvtype);
+
+        if (streq(hvtype, "xen"))
+                return VIRTUALIZATION_XEN;
+        else
+                return VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER;
+}
+
+static int detect_vm_uml(void) {
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Detect User-Mode Linux by reading /proc/cpuinfo */
+        f = fopen("/proc/cpuinfo", "re");
+        if (!f) {
+                if (errno == ENOENT) {
+                        log_debug("/proc/cpuinfo not found, assuming no UML virtualization.");
+                        return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
+                }
+                return -errno;
+        }
+
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
+                const char *t;
+
+                r = read_line(f, LONG_LINE_MAX, &line);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                t = startswith(line, "vendor_id\t: ");
+                if (t) {
+                        if (startswith(t, "User Mode Linux")) {
+                                log_debug("UML virtualization found in /proc/cpuinfo");
+                                return VIRTUALIZATION_UML;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                }
+        }
+
+        log_debug("UML virtualization not found in /proc/cpuinfo.");
+        return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
+}
+
+static int detect_vm_zvm(void) {
+
+#if defined(__s390__)
+        _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = get_proc_field("/proc/sysinfo", "VM00 Control Program", WHITESPACE, &t);
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        log_debug("Virtualization %s found in /proc/sysinfo", t);
+        if (streq(t, "z/VM"))
+                return VIRTUALIZATION_ZVM;
+        else
+                return VIRTUALIZATION_KVM;
+#else
+        log_debug("This platform does not support /proc/sysinfo");
+        return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
+#endif
+}
+
+/* Returns a short identifier for the various VM implementations */
+int detect_vm(void) {
+        static thread_local int cached_found = _VIRTUALIZATION_INVALID;
+        bool other = false;
+        int r, dmi;
+
+        if (cached_found >= 0)
+                return cached_found;
+
+        /* We have to use the correct order here:
+         *
+         * → First, try to detect Oracle Virtualbox, even if it uses KVM, as well as Xen even if it cloaks as Microsoft
+         *   Hyper-V. Attempt to detect uml at this stage also since it runs as a user-process nested inside other VMs.
+         *
+         * → Second, try to detect from CPUID, this will report KVM for whatever software is used even if info in DMI is
+         *   overwritten.
+         *
+         * → Third, try to detect from DMI. */
+
+        dmi = detect_vm_dmi();
+        if (IN_SET(dmi, VIRTUALIZATION_ORACLE, VIRTUALIZATION_XEN)) {
+                r = dmi;
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        /* Detect UML */
+        r = detect_vm_uml();
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER)
+                other = true;
+        else if (r != VIRTUALIZATION_NONE)
+                goto finish;
+
+        /* Detect from CPUID */
+        r = detect_vm_cpuid();
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER)
+                other = true;
+        else if (r != VIRTUALIZATION_NONE)
+                goto finish;
+
+        /* Now, let's get back to DMI */
+        if (dmi < 0)
+                return dmi;
+        if (dmi == VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER)
+                other = true;
+        else if (dmi != VIRTUALIZATION_NONE) {
+                r = dmi;
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        /* x86 xen will most likely be detected by cpuid. If not (most likely
+         * because we're not an x86 guest), then we should try the /proc/xen
+         * directory next. If that's not found, then we check for the high-level
+         * hypervisor sysfs file.
+         */
+
+        r = detect_vm_xen();
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER)
+                other = true;
+        else if (r != VIRTUALIZATION_NONE)
+                goto finish;
+
+        r = detect_vm_hypervisor();
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER)
+                other = true;
+        else if (r != VIRTUALIZATION_NONE)
+                goto finish;
+
+        r = detect_vm_device_tree();
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER)
+                other = true;
+        else if (r != VIRTUALIZATION_NONE)
+                goto finish;
+
+        r = detect_vm_zvm();
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+finish:
+        /* x86 xen Dom0 is detected as XEN in hypervisor and maybe others.
+         * In order to detect the Dom0 as not virtualization we need to
+         * double-check it */
+        if (r == VIRTUALIZATION_XEN) {
+                int dom0;
+
+                dom0 = detect_vm_xen_dom0();
+                if (dom0 < 0)
+                        return dom0;
+                if (dom0 > 0)
+                        r = VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
+        } else if (r == VIRTUALIZATION_NONE && other)
+                r = VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER;
+
+        cached_found = r;
+        log_debug("Found VM virtualization %s", virtualization_to_string(r));
+        return r;
+}
+
+static const char *const container_table[_VIRTUALIZATION_MAX] = {
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_LXC]            = "lxc",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_LXC_LIBVIRT]    = "lxc-libvirt",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_SYSTEMD_NSPAWN] = "systemd-nspawn",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_DOCKER]         = "docker",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_PODMAN]         = "podman",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_RKT]            = "rkt",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_WSL]            = "wsl",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_PROOT]          = "proot",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_POUCH]          = "pouch",
+};
+
+DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_FROM_STRING(container, int);
+
+int detect_container(void) {
+        static thread_local int cached_found = _VIRTUALIZATION_INVALID;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *m = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *o = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+        const char *e = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        if (cached_found >= 0)
+                return cached_found;
+
+        /* /proc/vz exists in container and outside of the container, /proc/bc only outside of the container. */
+        if (access("/proc/vz", F_OK) >= 0 &&
+            access("/proc/bc", F_OK) < 0) {
+                r = VIRTUALIZATION_OPENVZ;
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        /* "Official" way of detecting WSL https://github.com/Microsoft/WSL/issues/423#issuecomment-221627364 */
+        r = read_one_line_file("/proc/sys/kernel/osrelease", &o);
+        if (r >= 0 &&
+            (strstr(o, "Microsoft") || strstr(o, "WSL"))) {
+                r = VIRTUALIZATION_WSL;
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        /* proot doesn't use PID namespacing, so we can just check if we have a matching tracer for this
+         * invocation without worrying about it being elsewhere.
+         */
+        r = get_proc_field("/proc/self/status", "TracerPid", WHITESPACE, &p);
+        if (r == 0 && !streq(p, "0")) {
+                pid_t ptrace_pid;
+                r = parse_pid(p, &ptrace_pid);
+                if (r == 0) {
+                        const char *pf = procfs_file_alloca(ptrace_pid, "comm");
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *ptrace_comm = NULL;
+                        r = read_one_line_file(pf, &ptrace_comm);
+                        if (r >= 0 && startswith(ptrace_comm, "proot")) {
+                                r = VIRTUALIZATION_PROOT;
+                                goto finish;
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+
+        /* The container manager might have placed this in the /run/host hierarchy for us, which is best
+         * because we can be consumed just like that, without special privileges. */
+        r = read_one_line_file("/run/host/container-manager", &m);
+        if (r > 0) {
+                e = m;
+                goto translate_name;
+        }
+        if (!IN_SET(r, -ENOENT, 0))
+                return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to read /run/systemd/container-manager: %m");
+
+        if (getpid_cached() == 1) {
+                /* If we are PID 1 we can just check our own environment variable, and that's authoritative.
+                 * We distinguish three cases:
+                 * - the variable is not defined → we jump to other checks
+                 * - the variable is defined to an empty value → we are not in a container
+                 * - anything else → some container, either one of the known ones or "container-other"
+                 */
+                e = getenv("container");
+                if (!e)
+                        goto check_sched;
+                if (isempty(e)) {
+                        r = VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+
+                goto translate_name;
+        }
+
+        /* Otherwise, PID 1 might have dropped this information into a file in /run. This is better than accessing
+         * /proc/1/environ, since we don't need CAP_SYS_PTRACE for that. */
+        r = read_one_line_file("/run/systemd/container", &m);
+        if (r > 0) {
+                e = m;
+                goto translate_name;
+        }
+        if (!IN_SET(r, -ENOENT, 0))
+                return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to read /run/systemd/container: %m");
+
+        /* Fallback for cases where PID 1 was not systemd (for example, cases where init=/bin/sh is used. */
+        r = getenv_for_pid(1, "container", &m);
+        if (r > 0) {
+                e = m;
+                goto translate_name;
+        }
+        if (r < 0) /* This only works if we have CAP_SYS_PTRACE, hence let's better ignore failures here */
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to read $container of PID 1, ignoring: %m");
+
+        /* Interestingly /proc/1/sched actually shows the host's PID for what we see as PID 1. If the PID
+         * shown there is not 1, we know we are in a PID namespace and hence a container. */
+ check_sched:
+        r = read_one_line_file("/proc/1/sched", &m);
+        if (r >= 0) {
+                const char *t;
+
+                t = strrchr(m, '(');
+                if (!t)
+                        return -EIO;
+
+                if (!startswith(t, "(1,")) {
+                        r = VIRTUALIZATION_CONTAINER_OTHER;
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+        } else if (r != -ENOENT)
+                return r;
+
+        /* If that didn't work, give up, assume no container manager. */
+        r = VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
+        goto finish;
+
+translate_name:
+        r = container_from_string(e);
+        if (r < 0)
+                r = VIRTUALIZATION_CONTAINER_OTHER;
+
+finish:
+        log_debug("Found container virtualization %s.", virtualization_to_string(r));
+        cached_found = r;
+        return r;
+}
+
+int detect_virtualization(void) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = detect_container();
+        if (r == 0)
+                r = detect_vm();
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int userns_has_mapping(const char *name) {
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
+        size_t n_allocated = 0;
+        ssize_t n;
+        uint32_t a, b, c;
+        int r;
+
+        f = fopen(name, "re");
+        if (!f) {
+                log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to open %s: %m", name);
+                return errno == ENOENT ? false : -errno;
+        }
+
+        n = getline(&buf, &n_allocated, f);
+        if (n < 0) {
+                if (feof(f)) {
+                        log_debug("%s is empty, we're in an uninitialized user namespace", name);
+                        return true;
+                }
+
+                return log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to read %s: %m", name);
+        }
+
+        r = sscanf(buf, "%"PRIu32" %"PRIu32" %"PRIu32, &a, &b, &c);
+        if (r < 3)
+                return log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to parse %s: %m", name);
+
+        if (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == UINT32_MAX) {
+                /* The kernel calls mappings_overlap() and does not allow overlaps */
+                log_debug("%s has a full 1:1 mapping", name);
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        /* Anything else implies that we are in a user namespace */
+        log_debug("Mapping found in %s, we're in a user namespace", name);
+        return true;
+}
+
+int running_in_userns(void) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = userns_has_mapping("/proc/self/uid_map");
+        if (r != 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = userns_has_mapping("/proc/self/gid_map");
+        if (r != 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* "setgroups" file was added in kernel v3.18-rc6-15-g9cc46516dd. It is also
+         * possible to compile a kernel without CONFIG_USER_NS, in which case "setgroups"
+         * also does not exist. We cannot distinguish those two cases, so assume that
+         * we're running on a stripped-down recent kernel, rather than on an old one,
+         * and if the file is not found, return false.
+         */
+        r = read_one_line_file("/proc/self/setgroups", &line);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_debug_errno(r, "/proc/self/setgroups: %m");
+                return r == -ENOENT ? false : r;
+        }
+
+        truncate_nl(line);
+        r = streq(line, "deny");
+        /* See user_namespaces(7) for a description of this "setgroups" contents. */
+        log_debug("/proc/self/setgroups contains \"%s\", %s user namespace", line, r ? "in" : "not in");
+        return r;
+}
+
+int running_in_chroot(void) {
+        int r;
+
+        if (getenv_bool("SYSTEMD_IGNORE_CHROOT") > 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/", 0);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return r == 0;
+}
+
+static const char *const virtualization_table[_VIRTUALIZATION_MAX] = {
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_NONE] = "none",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_KVM] = "kvm",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_QEMU] = "qemu",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_BOCHS] = "bochs",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_XEN] = "xen",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_UML] = "uml",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_VMWARE] = "vmware",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_ORACLE] = "oracle",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_MICROSOFT] = "microsoft",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_ZVM] = "zvm",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_PARALLELS] = "parallels",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_BHYVE] = "bhyve",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_QNX] = "qnx",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_ACRN] = "acrn",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_POWERVM] = "powervm",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER] = "vm-other",
+
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_SYSTEMD_NSPAWN] = "systemd-nspawn",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_LXC_LIBVIRT] = "lxc-libvirt",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_LXC] = "lxc",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_OPENVZ] = "openvz",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_DOCKER] = "docker",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_PODMAN] = "podman",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_RKT] = "rkt",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_WSL] = "wsl",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_PROOT] = "proot",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_POUCH] = "pouch",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_CONTAINER_OTHER] = "container-other",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(virtualization, int);