Adding upstream version 247.3.upstream/247.3upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 1851 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/boot/bootctl.c b/src/boot/bootctl.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..511b010
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/boot/bootctl.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1851 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <ftw.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <linux/magic.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "sd-id128.h"
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "blkid-util.h"
+#include "bootspec.h"
+#include "copy.h"
+#include "dirent-util.h"
+#include "efi-loader.h"
+#include "efivars.h"
+#include "env-util.h"
+#include "escape.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
+#include "locale-util.h"
+#include "main-func.h"
+#include "mkdir.h"
+#include "pager.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "pretty-print.h"
+#include "random-util.h"
+#include "rm-rf.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+#include "stdio-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "terminal-util.h"
+#include "tmpfile-util.h"
+#include "umask-util.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "util.h"
+#include "verbs.h"
+#include "virt.h"
+
+static char *arg_esp_path = NULL;
+static char *arg_xbootldr_path = NULL;
+static bool arg_print_esp_path = false;
+static bool arg_print_dollar_boot_path = false;
+static bool arg_touch_variables = true;
+static PagerFlags arg_pager_flags = 0;
+static bool arg_graceful = false;
+
+STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_esp_path, freep);
+STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_xbootldr_path, freep);
+
+static const char *arg_dollar_boot_path(void) {
+        /* $BOOT shall be the XBOOTLDR partition if it exists, and otherwise the ESP */
+        return arg_xbootldr_path ?: arg_esp_path;
+}
+
+static int acquire_esp(
+                bool unprivileged_mode,
+                uint32_t *ret_part,
+                uint64_t *ret_pstart,
+                uint64_t *ret_psize,
+                sd_id128_t *ret_uuid) {
+
+        char *np;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Find the ESP, and log about errors. Note that find_esp_and_warn() will log in all error cases on
+         * its own, except for ENOKEY (which is good, we want to show our own message in that case,
+         * suggesting use of --esp-path=) and EACCESS (only when we request unprivileged mode; in this case
+         * we simply eat up the error here, so that --list and --status work too, without noise about
+         * this). */
+
+        r = find_esp_and_warn(arg_esp_path, unprivileged_mode, &np, ret_part, ret_pstart, ret_psize, ret_uuid);
+        if (r == -ENOKEY)
+                return log_error_errno(r,
+                                       "Couldn't find EFI system partition. It is recommended to mount it to /boot or /efi.\n"
+                                       "Alternatively, use --esp-path= to specify path to mount point.");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        free_and_replace(arg_esp_path, np);
+        log_debug("Using EFI System Partition at %s.", arg_esp_path);
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int acquire_xbootldr(bool unprivileged_mode, sd_id128_t *ret_uuid) {
+        char *np;
+        int r;
+
+        r = find_xbootldr_and_warn(arg_xbootldr_path, unprivileged_mode, &np, ret_uuid);
+        if (r == -ENOKEY) {
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Didn't find an XBOOTLDR partition, using the ESP as $BOOT.");
+                if (ret_uuid)
+                        *ret_uuid = SD_ID128_NULL;
+                arg_xbootldr_path = mfree(arg_xbootldr_path);
+                return 0;
+        }
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        free_and_replace(arg_xbootldr_path, np);
+        log_debug("Using XBOOTLDR partition at %s as $BOOT.", arg_xbootldr_path);
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+/* search for "#### LoaderInfo: systemd-boot 218 ####" string inside the binary */
+static int get_file_version(int fd, char **v) {
+        struct stat st;
+        char *buf;
+        const char *s, *e;
+        char *x = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+        assert(v);
+
+        if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to stat EFI binary: %m");
+
+        r = stat_verify_regular(&st);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "EFI binary is not a regular file: %m");
+
+        if (st.st_size < 27) {
+                *v = NULL;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        buf = mmap(NULL, st.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
+        if (buf == MAP_FAILED)
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to memory map EFI binary: %m");
+
+        s = memmem(buf, st.st_size - 8, "#### LoaderInfo: ", 17);
+        if (!s)
+                goto finish;
+        s += 17;
+
+        e = memmem(s, st.st_size - (s - buf), " ####", 5);
+        if (!e || e - s < 3) {
+                r = log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "Malformed version string.");
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        x = strndup(s, e - s);
+        if (!x) {
+                r = log_oom();
+                goto finish;
+        }
+        r = 1;
+
+finish:
+        (void) munmap(buf, st.st_size);
+        *v = x;
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int enumerate_binaries(const char *esp_path, const char *path, const char *prefix) {
+        _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
+        struct dirent *de;
+        const char *p;
+        int c = 0, r;
+
+        assert(esp_path);
+        assert(path);
+
+        p = prefix_roota(esp_path, path);
+        d = opendir(p);
+        if (!d) {
+                if (errno == ENOENT)
+                        return 0;
+
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to read \"%s\": %m", p);
+        }
+
+        FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *v = NULL;
+                _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+
+                if (!endswith_no_case(de->d_name, ".efi"))
+                        continue;
+
+                if (prefix && !startswith_no_case(de->d_name, prefix))
+                        continue;
+
+                fd = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
+                if (fd < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open \"%s/%s\" for reading: %m", p, de->d_name);
+
+                r = get_file_version(fd, &v);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r > 0)
+                        printf("         File: %s/%s/%s (%s%s%s)\n", special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_TREE_RIGHT), path, de->d_name, ansi_highlight(), v, ansi_normal());
+                else
+                        printf("         File: %s/%s/%s\n", special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_TREE_RIGHT), path, de->d_name);
+
+                c++;
+        }
+
+        return c;
+}
+
+static int status_binaries(const char *esp_path, sd_id128_t partition) {
+        int r;
+
+        printf("Available Boot Loaders on ESP:\n");
+
+        if (!esp_path) {
+                printf("          ESP: Cannot find or access mount point of ESP.\n\n");
+                return -ENOENT;
+        }
+
+        printf("          ESP: %s", esp_path);
+        if (!sd_id128_is_null(partition))
+                printf(" (/dev/disk/by-partuuid/" SD_ID128_UUID_FORMAT_STR ")", SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(partition));
+        printf("\n");
+
+        r = enumerate_binaries(esp_path, "EFI/systemd", NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto finish;
+        if (r == 0)
+                log_info("systemd-boot not installed in ESP.");
+
+        r = enumerate_binaries(esp_path, "EFI/BOOT", "boot");
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto finish;
+        if (r == 0)
+                log_info("No default/fallback boot loader installed in ESP.");
+
+        r = 0;
+
+finish:
+        printf("\n");
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int print_efi_option(uint16_t id, bool in_order) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *title = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
+        sd_id128_t partition;
+        bool active;
+        int r;
+
+        r = efi_get_boot_option(id, &title, &partition, &path, &active);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* print only configured entries with partition information */
+        if (!path || sd_id128_is_null(partition))
+                return 0;
+
+        efi_tilt_backslashes(path);
+
+        printf("        Title: %s%s%s\n", ansi_highlight(), strna(title), ansi_normal());
+        printf("           ID: 0x%04X\n", id);
+        printf("       Status: %sactive%s\n", active ? "" : "in", in_order ? ", boot-order" : "");
+        printf("    Partition: /dev/disk/by-partuuid/" SD_ID128_UUID_FORMAT_STR "\n",
+               SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(partition));
+        printf("         File: %s%s\n", special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_TREE_RIGHT), path);
+        printf("\n");
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int status_variables(void) {
+        _cleanup_free_ uint16_t *options = NULL, *order = NULL;
+        int n_options, n_order, i;
+
+        n_options = efi_get_boot_options(&options);
+        if (n_options == -ENOENT)
+                return log_error_errno(n_options,
+                                       "Failed to access EFI variables, efivarfs"
+                                       " needs to be available at /sys/firmware/efi/efivars/.");
+        if (n_options < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(n_options, "Failed to read EFI boot entries: %m");
+
+        n_order = efi_get_boot_order(&order);
+        if (n_order == -ENOENT)
+                n_order = 0;
+        else if (n_order < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(n_order, "Failed to read EFI boot order: %m");
+
+        /* print entries in BootOrder first */
+        printf("Boot Loaders Listed in EFI Variables:\n");
+        for (i = 0; i < n_order; i++)
+                print_efi_option(order[i], true);
+
+        /* print remaining entries */
+        for (i = 0; i < n_options; i++) {
+                int j;
+
+                for (j = 0; j < n_order; j++)
+                        if (options[i] == order[j])
+                                goto next_option;
+
+                print_efi_option(options[i], false);
+
+        next_option:
+                continue;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int boot_entry_file_check(const char *root, const char *p) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *path;
+
+        path = path_join(root, p);
+        if (!path)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        if (access(path, F_OK) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static void boot_entry_file_list(const char *field, const char *root, const char *p, int *ret_status) {
+        int status = boot_entry_file_check(root, p);
+
+        printf("%13s%s ", strempty(field), field ? ":" : " ");
+        if (status < 0) {
+                errno = -status;
+                printf("%s%s%s (%m)\n", ansi_highlight_red(), p, ansi_normal());
+        } else
+                printf("%s\n", p);
+
+        if (*ret_status == 0 && status < 0)
+                *ret_status = status;
+}
+
+static int boot_entry_show(const BootEntry *e, bool show_as_default) {
+        int status = 0;
+
+        /* Returns 0 on success, negative on processing error, and positive if something is wrong with the
+           boot entry itself. */
+
+        assert(e);
+
+        printf("        title: %s%s%s" "%s%s%s\n",
+               ansi_highlight(), boot_entry_title(e), ansi_normal(),
+               ansi_highlight_green(), show_as_default ? " (default)" : "", ansi_normal());
+
+        if (e->id)
+                printf("           id: %s\n", e->id);
+        if (e->path) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL;
+
+                /* Let's urlify the link to make it easy to view in an editor, but only if it is a text
+                 * file. Unified images are binary ELFs, and EFI variables are not pure text either. */
+                if (e->type == BOOT_ENTRY_CONF)
+                        (void) terminal_urlify_path(e->path, NULL, &link);
+
+                printf("       source: %s\n", link ?: e->path);
+        }
+        if (e->version)
+                printf("      version: %s\n", e->version);
+        if (e->machine_id)
+                printf("   machine-id: %s\n", e->machine_id);
+        if (e->architecture)
+                printf(" architecture: %s\n", e->architecture);
+        if (e->kernel)
+                boot_entry_file_list("linux", e->root, e->kernel, &status);
+
+        char **s;
+        STRV_FOREACH(s, e->initrd)
+                boot_entry_file_list(s == e->initrd ? "initrd" : NULL,
+                                     e->root,
+                                     *s,
+                                     &status);
+        if (!strv_isempty(e->options)) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *t2 = NULL;
+                _cleanup_strv_free_ char **ts = NULL;
+
+                t = strv_join(e->options, " ");
+                if (!t)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                ts = strv_split_newlines(t);
+                if (!ts)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                t2 = strv_join(ts, "\n              ");
+                if (!t2)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                printf("      options: %s\n", t2);
+        }
+        if (e->device_tree)
+                boot_entry_file_list("devicetree", e->root, e->device_tree, &status);
+
+        return -status;
+}
+
+static int status_entries(
+                const char *esp_path,
+                sd_id128_t esp_partition_uuid,
+                const char *xbootldr_path,
+                sd_id128_t xbootldr_partition_uuid) {
+
+        _cleanup_(boot_config_free) BootConfig config = {};
+        sd_id128_t dollar_boot_partition_uuid;
+        const char *dollar_boot_path;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(esp_path || xbootldr_path);
+
+        if (xbootldr_path) {
+                dollar_boot_path = xbootldr_path;
+                dollar_boot_partition_uuid = xbootldr_partition_uuid;
+        } else {
+                dollar_boot_path = esp_path;
+                dollar_boot_partition_uuid = esp_partition_uuid;
+        }
+
+        printf("Boot Loader Entries:\n"
+               "        $BOOT: %s", dollar_boot_path);
+        if (!sd_id128_is_null(dollar_boot_partition_uuid))
+                printf(" (/dev/disk/by-partuuid/" SD_ID128_UUID_FORMAT_STR ")",
+                       SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(dollar_boot_partition_uuid));
+        printf("\n\n");
+
+        r = boot_entries_load_config(esp_path, xbootldr_path, &config);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (config.default_entry < 0)
+                printf("%zu entries, no entry could be determined as default.\n", config.n_entries);
+        else {
+                printf("Default Boot Loader Entry:\n");
+
+                r = boot_entry_show(config.entries + config.default_entry, false);
+                if (r > 0)
+                        /* < 0 is already logged by the function itself, let's just emit an extra warning if
+                           the default entry is broken */
+                        printf("\nWARNING: default boot entry is broken\n");
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int compare_product(const char *a, const char *b) {
+        size_t x, y;
+
+        assert(a);
+        assert(b);
+
+        x = strcspn(a, " ");
+        y = strcspn(b, " ");
+        if (x != y)
+                return x < y ? -1 : x > y ? 1 : 0;
+
+        return strncmp(a, b, x);
+}
+
+static int compare_version(const char *a, const char *b) {
+        assert(a);
+        assert(b);
+
+        a += strcspn(a, " ");
+        a += strspn(a, " ");
+        b += strcspn(b, " ");
+        b += strspn(b, " ");
+
+        return strverscmp(a, b);
+}
+
+static int version_check(int fd_from, const char *from, int fd_to, const char *to) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *a = NULL, *b = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(fd_from >= 0);
+        assert(from);
+        assert(fd_to >= 0);
+        assert(to);
+
+        r = get_file_version(fd_from, &a);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0)
+                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                       "Source file \"%s\" does not carry version information!",
+                                       from);
+
+        r = get_file_version(fd_to, &b);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0 || compare_product(a, b) != 0)
+                return log_notice_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EEXIST),
+                                        "Skipping \"%s\", since it's owned by another boot loader.",
+                                        to);
+
+        if (compare_version(a, b) < 0)
+                return log_warning_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ESTALE), "Skipping \"%s\", since a newer boot loader version exists already.", to);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int copy_file_with_version_check(const char *from, const char *to, bool force) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd_from = -1, fd_to = -1;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        fd_from = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
+        if (fd_from < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open \"%s\" for reading: %m", from);
+
+        if (!force) {
+                fd_to = open(to, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
+                if (fd_to < 0) {
+                        if (errno != ENOENT)
+                                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open \"%s\" for reading: %m", to);
+                } else {
+                        r = version_check(fd_from, from, fd_to, to);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        if (lseek(fd_from, 0, SEEK_SET) == (off_t) -1)
+                                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to seek in \"%s\": %m", from);
+
+                        fd_to = safe_close(fd_to);
+                }
+        }
+
+        r = tempfn_random(to, NULL, &t);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        RUN_WITH_UMASK(0000) {
+                fd_to = open(t, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_EXCL|O_NOFOLLOW, 0644);
+                if (fd_to < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open \"%s\" for writing: %m", t);
+        }
+
+        r = copy_bytes(fd_from, fd_to, (uint64_t) -1, COPY_REFLINK);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                (void) unlink(t);
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to copy data from \"%s\" to \"%s\": %m", from, t);
+        }
+
+        (void) copy_times(fd_from, fd_to, 0);
+
+        if (fsync(fd_to) < 0) {
+                (void) unlink_noerrno(t);
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to copy data from \"%s\" to \"%s\": %m", from, t);
+        }
+
+        (void) fsync_directory_of_file(fd_to);
+
+        if (renameat(AT_FDCWD, t, AT_FDCWD, to) < 0) {
+                (void) unlink_noerrno(t);
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to rename \"%s\" to \"%s\": %m", t, to);
+        }
+
+        log_info("Copied \"%s\" to \"%s\".", from, to);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int mkdir_one(const char *prefix, const char *suffix) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+
+        p = path_join(prefix, suffix);
+        if (mkdir(p, 0700) < 0) {
+                if (errno != EEXIST)
+                        return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to create \"%s\": %m", p);
+        } else
+                log_info("Created \"%s\".", p);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static const char *const esp_subdirs[] = {
+        /* The directories to place in the ESP */
+        "EFI",
+        "EFI/systemd",
+        "EFI/BOOT",
+        "loader",
+        NULL
+};
+
+static const char *const dollar_boot_subdirs[] = {
+        /* The directories to place in the XBOOTLDR partition or the ESP, depending what exists */
+        "loader",
+        "loader/entries",  /* Type #1 entries */
+        "EFI",
+        "EFI/Linux",       /* Type #2 entries */
+        NULL
+};
+
+static int create_subdirs(const char *root, const char * const *subdirs) {
+        const char *const *i;
+        int r;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, subdirs) {
+                r = mkdir_one(root, *i);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int copy_one_file(const char *esp_path, const char *name, bool force) {
+        const char *e;
+        char *p, *q;
+        int r;
+
+        p = strjoina(BOOTLIBDIR "/", name);
+        q = strjoina(esp_path, "/EFI/systemd/", name);
+        r = copy_file_with_version_check(p, q, force);
+
+        e = startswith(name, "systemd-boot");
+        if (e) {
+                int k;
+                char *v;
+
+                /* Create the EFI default boot loader name (specified for removable devices) */
+                v = strjoina(esp_path, "/EFI/BOOT/BOOT", e);
+                ascii_strupper(strrchr(v, '/') + 1);
+
+                k = copy_file_with_version_check(p, v, force);
+                if (k < 0 && r == 0)
+                        r = k;
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int install_binaries(const char *esp_path, bool force) {
+        struct dirent *de;
+        _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
+        int r = 0;
+
+        d = opendir(BOOTLIBDIR);
+        if (!d)
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open \""BOOTLIBDIR"\": %m");
+
+        FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to read \""BOOTLIBDIR"\": %m")) {
+                int k;
+
+                if (!endswith_no_case(de->d_name, ".efi"))
+                        continue;
+
+                k = copy_one_file(esp_path, de->d_name, force);
+                if (k < 0 && r == 0)
+                        r = k;
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static bool same_entry(uint16_t id, sd_id128_t uuid, const char *path) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *opath = NULL;
+        sd_id128_t ouuid;
+        int r;
+
+        r = efi_get_boot_option(id, NULL, &ouuid, &opath, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return false;
+        if (!sd_id128_equal(uuid, ouuid))
+                return false;
+        if (!streq_ptr(path, opath))
+                return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+static int find_slot(sd_id128_t uuid, const char *path, uint16_t *id) {
+        _cleanup_free_ uint16_t *options = NULL;
+        int n, i;
+
+        n = efi_get_boot_options(&options);
+        if (n < 0)
+                return n;
+
+        /* find already existing systemd-boot entry */
+        for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+                if (same_entry(options[i], uuid, path)) {
+                        *id = options[i];
+                        return 1;
+                }
+
+        /* find free slot in the sorted BootXXXX variable list */
+        for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+                if (i != options[i]) {
+                        *id = i;
+                        return 1;
+                }
+
+        /* use the next one */
+        if (i == 0xffff)
+                return -ENOSPC;
+        *id = i;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int insert_into_order(uint16_t slot, bool first) {
+        _cleanup_free_ uint16_t *order = NULL;
+        uint16_t *t;
+        int n, i;
+
+        n = efi_get_boot_order(&order);
+        if (n <= 0)
+                /* no entry, add us */
+                return efi_set_boot_order(&slot, 1);
+
+        /* are we the first and only one? */
+        if (n == 1 && order[0] == slot)
+                return 0;
+
+        /* are we already in the boot order? */
+        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                if (order[i] != slot)
+                        continue;
+
+                /* we do not require to be the first one, all is fine */
+                if (!first)
+                        return 0;
+
+                /* move us to the first slot */
+                memmove(order + 1, order, i * sizeof(uint16_t));
+                order[0] = slot;
+                return efi_set_boot_order(order, n);
+        }
+
+        /* extend array */
+        t = reallocarray(order, n + 1, sizeof(uint16_t));
+        if (!t)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        order = t;
+
+        /* add us to the top or end of the list */
+        if (first) {
+                memmove(order + 1, order, n * sizeof(uint16_t));
+                order[0] = slot;
+        } else
+                order[n] = slot;
+
+        return efi_set_boot_order(order, n + 1);
+}
+
+static int remove_from_order(uint16_t slot) {
+        _cleanup_free_ uint16_t *order = NULL;
+        int n, i;
+
+        n = efi_get_boot_order(&order);
+        if (n <= 0)
+                return n;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                if (order[i] != slot)
+                        continue;
+
+                if (i + 1 < n)
+                        memmove(order + i, order + i+1, (n - i) * sizeof(uint16_t));
+                return efi_set_boot_order(order, n - 1);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int install_variables(const char *esp_path,
+                             uint32_t part, uint64_t pstart, uint64_t psize,
+                             sd_id128_t uuid, const char *path,
+                             bool first) {
+        const char *p;
+        uint16_t slot;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!is_efi_boot()) {
+                log_warning("Not booted with EFI, skipping EFI variable setup.");
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        p = prefix_roota(esp_path, path);
+        if (access(p, F_OK) < 0) {
+                if (errno == ENOENT)
+                        return 0;
+
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "Cannot access \"%s\": %m", p);
+        }
+
+        r = find_slot(uuid, path, &slot);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r,
+                                       r == -ENOENT ?
+                                       "Failed to access EFI variables. Is the \"efivarfs\" filesystem mounted?" :
+                                       "Failed to determine current boot order: %m");
+
+        if (first || r == 0) {
+                r = efi_add_boot_option(slot, "Linux Boot Manager",
+                                        part, pstart, psize,
+                                        uuid, path);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create EFI Boot variable entry: %m");
+
+                log_info("Created EFI boot entry \"Linux Boot Manager\".");
+        }
+
+        return insert_into_order(slot, first);
+}
+
+static int remove_boot_efi(const char *esp_path) {
+        _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
+        struct dirent *de;
+        const char *p;
+        int r, c = 0;
+
+        p = prefix_roota(esp_path, "/EFI/BOOT");
+        d = opendir(p);
+        if (!d) {
+                if (errno == ENOENT)
+                        return 0;
+
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open directory \"%s\": %m", p);
+        }
+
+        FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
+                _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+                _cleanup_free_ char *v = NULL;
+
+                if (!endswith_no_case(de->d_name, ".efi"))
+                        continue;
+
+                if (!startswith_no_case(de->d_name, "boot"))
+                        continue;
+
+                fd = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
+                if (fd < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open \"%s/%s\" for reading: %m", p, de->d_name);
+
+                r = get_file_version(fd, &v);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r > 0 && startswith(v, "systemd-boot ")) {
+                        r = unlinkat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, 0);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to remove \"%s/%s\": %m", p, de->d_name);
+
+                        log_info("Removed \"%s/%s\".", p, de->d_name);
+                }
+
+                c++;
+        }
+
+        return c;
+}
+
+static int rmdir_one(const char *prefix, const char *suffix) {
+        const char *p;
+
+        p = prefix_roota(prefix, suffix);
+        if (rmdir(p) < 0) {
+                bool ignore = IN_SET(errno, ENOENT, ENOTEMPTY);
+
+                log_full_errno(ignore ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_ERR, errno,
+                               "Failed to remove directory \"%s\": %m", p);
+                if (!ignore)
+                        return -errno;
+        } else
+                log_info("Removed \"%s\".", p);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int remove_subdirs(const char *root, const char *const *subdirs) {
+        int r, q;
+
+        /* We use recursion here to destroy the directories in reverse order. Which should be safe given how
+         * short the array is. */
+
+        if (!subdirs[0]) /* A the end of the list */
+                return 0;
+
+        r = remove_subdirs(root, subdirs + 1);
+        q = rmdir_one(root, subdirs[0]);
+
+        return r < 0 ? r : q;
+}
+
+static int remove_binaries(const char *esp_path) {
+        const char *p;
+        int r, q;
+
+        p = prefix_roota(esp_path, "/EFI/systemd");
+        r = rm_rf(p, REMOVE_ROOT|REMOVE_PHYSICAL);
+
+        q = remove_boot_efi(esp_path);
+        if (q < 0 && r == 0)
+                r = q;
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int remove_file(const char *root, const char *file) {
+        const char *p;
+
+        assert(root);
+        assert(file);
+
+        p = prefix_roota(root, file);
+        if (unlink(p) < 0) {
+                log_full_errno(errno == ENOENT ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_ERR, errno,
+                               "Failed to unlink file \"%s\": %m", p);
+
+                return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
+        }
+
+        log_info("Removed \"%s\".", p);
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int remove_variables(sd_id128_t uuid, const char *path, bool in_order) {
+        uint16_t slot;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!is_efi_boot())
+                return 0;
+
+        r = find_slot(uuid, path, &slot);
+        if (r != 1)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = efi_remove_boot_option(slot);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (in_order)
+                return remove_from_order(slot);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int remove_loader_variables(void) {
+        const char *p;
+        int r = 0;
+
+        /* Remove all persistent loader variables we define */
+
+        FOREACH_STRING(p,
+                       "LoaderConfigTimeout",
+                       "LoaderConfigTimeoutOneShot",
+                       "LoaderEntryDefault",
+                       "LoaderEntryOneShot",
+                       "LoaderSystemToken") {
+
+                int q;
+
+                q = efi_set_variable(EFI_VENDOR_LOADER, p, NULL, 0);
+                if (q == -ENOENT)
+                        continue;
+                if (q < 0) {
+                        log_warning_errno(q, "Failed to remove %s variable: %m", p);
+                        if (r >= 0)
+                                r = q;
+                } else
+                        log_info("Removed EFI variable %s.", p);
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int install_loader_config(const char *esp_path) {
+        _cleanup_(unlink_and_freep) char *t = NULL;
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+        const char *p;
+        int r;
+
+        p = prefix_roota(esp_path, "/loader/loader.conf");
+        if (access(p, F_OK) >= 0) /* Silently skip creation if the file already exists (early check) */
+                return 0;
+
+        fd = open_tmpfile_linkable(p, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC, &t);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(fd, "Failed to open \"%s\" for writing: %m", p);
+
+        f = take_fdopen(&fd, "w");
+        if (!f)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        fprintf(f, "#timeout 3\n"
+                   "#console-mode keep\n");
+
+        r = fflush_sync_and_check(f);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to write \"%s\": %m", p);
+
+        r = link_tmpfile(fileno(f), t, p);
+        if (r == -EEXIST)
+                return 0; /* Silently skip creation if the file exists now (recheck) */
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to move \"%s\" into place: %m", p);
+
+        t = mfree(t);
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int help(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = terminal_urlify_man("bootctl", "1", &link);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        printf("%1$s  [OPTIONS...] COMMAND ...\n"
+               "\n%5$sControl EFI firmware boot settings and manage boot loader.%6$s\n"
+               "\n%3$sGeneric EFI Firmware/Boot Loader Commands:%4$s\n"
+               "  status              Show status of installed boot loader and EFI variables\n"
+               "  reboot-to-firmware [BOOL]\n"
+               "                      Query or set reboot-to-firmware EFI flag\n"
+               "  systemd-efi-options [STRING]\n"
+               "                      Query or set system options string in EFI variable\n"
+               "\n%3$sBoot Loader Specification Commands:%4$s\n"
+               "  list                List boot loader entries\n"
+               "  set-default ID      Set default boot loader entry\n"
+               "  set-oneshot ID      Set default boot loader entry, for next boot only\n"
+               "\n%3$ssystemd-boot Commands:%4$s\n"
+               "  install             Install systemd-boot to the ESP and EFI variables\n"
+               "  update              Update systemd-boot in the ESP and EFI variables\n"
+               "  remove              Remove systemd-boot from the ESP and EFI variables\n"
+               "  is-installed        Test whether systemd-boot is installed in the ESP\n"
+               "  random-seed         Initialize random seed in ESP and EFI variables\n"
+               "\n%3$sOptions:%4$s\n"
+               "  -h --help            Show this help\n"
+               "     --version         Print version\n"
+               "     --esp-path=PATH   Path to the EFI System Partition (ESP)\n"
+               "     --boot-path=PATH  Path to the $BOOT partition\n"
+               "  -p --print-esp-path  Print path to the EFI System Partition\n"
+               "  -x --print-boot-path Print path to the $BOOT partition\n"
+               "     --no-variables    Don't touch EFI variables\n"
+               "     --no-pager        Do not pipe output into a pager\n"
+               "     --graceful        Don't fail when the ESP cannot be found or EFI\n"
+               "                       variables cannot be written\n"
+               "\nSee the %2$s for details.\n"
+               , program_invocation_short_name
+               , link
+               , ansi_underline(), ansi_normal()
+               , ansi_highlight(), ansi_normal()
+        );
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+        enum {
+                ARG_ESP_PATH = 0x100,
+                ARG_BOOT_PATH,
+                ARG_VERSION,
+                ARG_NO_VARIABLES,
+                ARG_NO_PAGER,
+                ARG_GRACEFUL,
+        };
+
+        static const struct option options[] = {
+                { "help",            no_argument,       NULL, 'h'                 },
+                { "version",         no_argument,       NULL, ARG_VERSION         },
+                { "esp-path",        required_argument, NULL, ARG_ESP_PATH        },
+                { "path",            required_argument, NULL, ARG_ESP_PATH        }, /* Compatibility alias */
+                { "boot-path",       required_argument, NULL, ARG_BOOT_PATH       },
+                { "print-esp-path",  no_argument,       NULL, 'p'                 },
+                { "print-path",      no_argument,       NULL, 'p'                 }, /* Compatibility alias */
+                { "print-boot-path", no_argument,       NULL, 'x'                 },
+                { "no-variables",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_VARIABLES    },
+                { "no-pager",        no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_PAGER        },
+                { "graceful",        no_argument,       NULL, ARG_GRACEFUL        },
+                {}
+        };
+
+        int c, r;
+
+        assert(argc >= 0);
+        assert(argv);
+
+        while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hpx", options, NULL)) >= 0)
+                switch (c) {
+
+                case 'h':
+                        help(0, NULL, NULL);
+                        return 0;
+
+                case ARG_VERSION:
+                        return version();
+
+                case ARG_ESP_PATH:
+                        r = free_and_strdup(&arg_esp_path, optarg);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_oom();
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_BOOT_PATH:
+                        r = free_and_strdup(&arg_xbootldr_path, optarg);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_oom();
+                        break;
+
+                case 'p':
+                        if (arg_print_dollar_boot_path)
+                                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                                       "--print-boot-path/-x cannot be combined with --print-esp-path/-p");
+                        arg_print_esp_path = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case 'x':
+                        if (arg_print_esp_path)
+                                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                                       "--print-boot-path/-x cannot be combined with --print-esp-path/-p");
+                        arg_print_dollar_boot_path = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_NO_VARIABLES:
+                        arg_touch_variables = false;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_NO_PAGER:
+                        arg_pager_flags |= PAGER_DISABLE;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_GRACEFUL:
+                        arg_graceful = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case '?':
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                default:
+                        assert_not_reached("Unknown option");
+                }
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static void read_loader_efi_var(const char *name, char **var) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = efi_get_variable_string(EFI_VENDOR_LOADER, name, var);
+        if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
+                log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to read EFI variable %s: %m", name);
+}
+
+static void print_yes_no_line(bool first, bool good, const char *name) {
+        printf("%s%s%s%s %s\n",
+               first ? "     Features: " : "               ",
+               good ? ansi_highlight_green() : ansi_highlight_red(),
+               good ? special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_CHECK_MARK) : special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_CROSS_MARK),
+               ansi_normal(),
+               name);
+}
+
+static int verb_status(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        sd_id128_t esp_uuid = SD_ID128_NULL, xbootldr_uuid = SD_ID128_NULL;
+        int r, k;
+
+        r = acquire_esp(geteuid() != 0, NULL, NULL, NULL, &esp_uuid);
+        if (arg_print_esp_path) {
+                if (r == -EACCES) /* If we couldn't acquire the ESP path, log about access errors (which is the only
+                                   * error the find_esp_and_warn() won't log on its own) */
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to determine ESP location: %m");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                puts(arg_esp_path);
+        }
+
+        r = acquire_xbootldr(geteuid() != 0, &xbootldr_uuid);
+        if (arg_print_dollar_boot_path) {
+                if (r == -EACCES)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to determine XBOOTLDR location: %m");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                const char *path = arg_dollar_boot_path();
+                if (!path)
+                        return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EACCES), "Failed to determine XBOOTLDR location: %m");
+
+                puts(path);
+        }
+
+        if (arg_print_esp_path || arg_print_dollar_boot_path)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = 0; /* If we couldn't determine the path, then don't consider that a problem from here on, just show what we
+                * can show */
+
+        (void) pager_open(arg_pager_flags);
+
+        if (is_efi_boot()) {
+                static const struct {
+                        uint64_t flag;
+                        const char *name;
+                } flags[] = {
+                        { EFI_LOADER_FEATURE_BOOT_COUNTING,           "Boot counting"                         },
+                        { EFI_LOADER_FEATURE_CONFIG_TIMEOUT,          "Menu timeout control"                  },
+                        { EFI_LOADER_FEATURE_CONFIG_TIMEOUT_ONE_SHOT, "One-shot menu timeout control"         },
+                        { EFI_LOADER_FEATURE_ENTRY_DEFAULT,           "Default entry control"                 },
+                        { EFI_LOADER_FEATURE_ENTRY_ONESHOT,           "One-shot entry control"                },
+                        { EFI_LOADER_FEATURE_XBOOTLDR,                "Support for XBOOTLDR partition"        },
+                        { EFI_LOADER_FEATURE_RANDOM_SEED,             "Support for passing random seed to OS" },
+                };
+
+                _cleanup_free_ char *fw_type = NULL, *fw_info = NULL, *loader = NULL, *loader_path = NULL, *stub = NULL;
+                sd_id128_t loader_part_uuid = SD_ID128_NULL;
+                uint64_t loader_features = 0;
+                size_t i;
+
+                read_loader_efi_var("LoaderFirmwareType", &fw_type);
+                read_loader_efi_var("LoaderFirmwareInfo", &fw_info);
+                read_loader_efi_var("LoaderInfo", &loader);
+                read_loader_efi_var("StubInfo", &stub);
+                read_loader_efi_var("LoaderImageIdentifier", &loader_path);
+                (void) efi_loader_get_features(&loader_features);
+
+                if (loader_path)
+                        efi_tilt_backslashes(loader_path);
+
+                k = efi_loader_get_device_part_uuid(&loader_part_uuid);
+                if (k < 0 && k != -ENOENT)
+                        r = log_warning_errno(k, "Failed to read EFI variable LoaderDevicePartUUID: %m");
+
+                printf("System:\n");
+                printf("     Firmware: %s%s (%s)%s\n", ansi_highlight(), strna(fw_type), strna(fw_info), ansi_normal());
+                printf("  Secure Boot: %sd\n", enable_disable(is_efi_secure_boot()));
+                printf("   Setup Mode: %s\n", is_efi_secure_boot_setup_mode() ? "setup" : "user");
+
+                k = efi_get_reboot_to_firmware();
+                if (k > 0)
+                        printf(" Boot into FW: %sactive%s\n", ansi_highlight_yellow(), ansi_normal());
+                else if (k == 0)
+                        printf(" Boot into FW: supported\n");
+                else if (k == -EOPNOTSUPP)
+                        printf(" Boot into FW: not supported\n");
+                else {
+                        errno = -k;
+                        printf(" Boot into FW: %sfailed%s (%m)\n", ansi_highlight_red(), ansi_normal());
+                }
+                printf("\n");
+
+                printf("Current Boot Loader:\n");
+                printf("      Product: %s%s%s\n", ansi_highlight(), strna(loader), ansi_normal());
+
+                for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(flags); i++)
+                        print_yes_no_line(i == 0, FLAGS_SET(loader_features, flags[i].flag), flags[i].name);
+
+                sd_id128_t bootloader_esp_uuid;
+                bool have_bootloader_esp_uuid = efi_loader_get_device_part_uuid(&bootloader_esp_uuid) >= 0;
+
+                print_yes_no_line(false, have_bootloader_esp_uuid, "Boot loader sets ESP partition information");
+                if (have_bootloader_esp_uuid && !sd_id128_equal(esp_uuid, bootloader_esp_uuid))
+                        printf("WARNING: The boot loader reports different ESP UUID then detected!\n");
+
+                if (stub)
+                        printf("         Stub: %s\n", stub);
+                if (!sd_id128_is_null(loader_part_uuid))
+                        printf("          ESP: /dev/disk/by-partuuid/" SD_ID128_UUID_FORMAT_STR "\n",
+                               SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(loader_part_uuid));
+                else
+                        printf("          ESP: n/a\n");
+                printf("         File: %s%s\n", special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_TREE_RIGHT), strna(loader_path));
+                printf("\n");
+
+                printf("Random Seed:\n");
+                printf(" Passed to OS: %s\n", yes_no(access("/sys/firmware/efi/efivars/LoaderRandomSeed-4a67b082-0a4c-41cf-b6c7-440b29bb8c4f", F_OK) >= 0));
+                printf(" System Token: %s\n", access("/sys/firmware/efi/efivars/LoaderSystemToken-4a67b082-0a4c-41cf-b6c7-440b29bb8c4f", F_OK) >= 0 ? "set" : "not set");
+
+                if (arg_esp_path) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+
+                        p = path_join(arg_esp_path, "/loader/random-seed");
+                        if (!p)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        printf("       Exists: %s\n", yes_no(access(p, F_OK) >= 0));
+                }
+
+                printf("\n");
+        } else
+                printf("System:\n    Not booted with EFI\n\n");
+
+        if (arg_esp_path) {
+                k = status_binaries(arg_esp_path, esp_uuid);
+                if (k < 0)
+                        r = k;
+        }
+
+        if (is_efi_boot()) {
+                k = status_variables();
+                if (k < 0)
+                        r = k;
+        }
+
+        if (arg_esp_path || arg_xbootldr_path) {
+                k = status_entries(arg_esp_path, esp_uuid, arg_xbootldr_path, xbootldr_uuid);
+                if (k < 0)
+                        r = k;
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int verb_list(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(boot_config_free) BootConfig config = {};
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **efi_entries = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        /* If we lack privileges we invoke find_esp_and_warn() in "unprivileged mode" here, which does two things: turn
+         * off logging about access errors and turn off potentially privileged device probing. Here we're interested in
+         * the latter but not the former, hence request the mode, and log about EACCES. */
+
+        r = acquire_esp(geteuid() != 0, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+        if (r == -EACCES) /* We really need the ESP path for this call, hence also log about access errors */
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to determine ESP: %m");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = acquire_xbootldr(geteuid() != 0, NULL);
+        if (r == -EACCES)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to determine XBOOTLDR partition: %m");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = boot_entries_load_config(arg_esp_path, arg_xbootldr_path, &config);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = efi_loader_get_entries(&efi_entries);
+        if (r == -ENOENT || ERRNO_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED(r))
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Boot loader reported no entries.");
+        else if (r < 0)
+                log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to determine entries reported by boot loader, ignoring: %m");
+        else
+                (void) boot_entries_augment_from_loader(&config, efi_entries, false);
+
+        if (config.n_entries == 0)
+                log_info("No boot loader entries found.");
+        else {
+                size_t n;
+
+                (void) pager_open(arg_pager_flags);
+
+                printf("Boot Loader Entries:\n");
+
+                for (n = 0; n < config.n_entries; n++) {
+                        r = boot_entry_show(config.entries + n, n == (size_t) config.default_entry);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        if (n+1 < config.n_entries)
+                                putchar('\n');
+                }
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int install_random_seed(const char *esp) {
+        _cleanup_(unlink_and_freep) char *tmp = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ void *buffer = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+        size_t sz, token_size;
+        ssize_t n;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(esp);
+
+        path = path_join(esp, "/loader/random-seed");
+        if (!path)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        sz = random_pool_size();
+
+        buffer = malloc(sz);
+        if (!buffer)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = genuine_random_bytes(buffer, sz, RANDOM_BLOCK);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to acquire random seed: %m");
+
+        /* Normally create_subdirs() should already have created everything we need, but in case "bootctl
+         * random-seed" is called we want to just create the minimum we need for it, and not the full
+         * list. */
+        r = mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create parent directory for %s: %m", path);
+
+        r = tempfn_random(path, "bootctl", &tmp);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        fd = open(tmp, O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOCTTY|O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC, 0600);
+        if (fd < 0) {
+                tmp = mfree(tmp);
+                return log_error_errno(fd, "Failed to open random seed file for writing: %m");
+        }
+
+        n = write(fd, buffer, sz);
+        if (n < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to write random seed file: %m");
+        if ((size_t) n != sz)
+                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO), "Short write while writing random seed file.");
+
+        if (rename(tmp, path) < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to move random seed file into place: %m");
+
+        tmp = mfree(tmp);
+
+        log_info("Random seed file %s successfully written (%zu bytes).", path, sz);
+
+        if (!arg_touch_variables)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (!is_efi_boot()) {
+                log_notice("Not booted with EFI, skipping EFI variable setup.");
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = getenv_bool("SYSTEMD_WRITE_SYSTEM_TOKEN");
+        if (r < 0) {
+                if (r != -ENXIO)
+                         log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse $SYSTEMD_WRITE_SYSTEM_TOKEN, ignoring.");
+
+                if (detect_vm() > 0) {
+                        /* Let's not write a system token if we detect we are running in a VM
+                         * environment. Why? Our default security model for the random seed uses the system
+                         * token as a mechanism to ensure we are not vulnerable to golden master sloppiness
+                         * issues, i.e. that people initialize the random seed file, then copy the image to
+                         * many systems and end up with the same random seed in each that is assumed to be
+                         * valid but in reality is the same for all machines. By storing a system token in
+                         * the EFI variable space we can make sure that even though the random seeds on disk
+                         * are all the same they will be different on each system under the assumption that
+                         * the EFI variable space is maintained separate from the random seed storage. That
+                         * is generally the case on physical systems, as the ESP is stored on persistent
+                         * storage, and the EFI variables in NVRAM. However in virtualized environments this
+                         * is generally not true: the EFI variable set is typically stored along with the
+                         * disk image itself. For example, using the OVMF EFI firmware the EFI variables are
+                         * stored in a file in the ESP itself. */
+
+                        log_notice("Not installing system token, since we are running in a virtualized environment.");
+                        return 0;
+                }
+        } else if (r == 0) {
+                log_notice("Not writing system token, because $SYSTEMD_WRITE_SYSTEM_TOKEN is set to false.");
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = efi_get_variable(EFI_VENDOR_LOADER, "LoaderSystemToken", NULL, NULL, &token_size);
+        if (r == -ENODATA)
+                log_debug_errno(r, "LoaderSystemToken EFI variable is invalid (too short?), replacing.");
+        else if (r < 0) {
+                if (r != -ENOENT)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to test system token validity: %m");
+        } else {
+                if (token_size >= sz) {
+                        /* Let's avoid writes if we can, and initialize this only once. */
+                        log_debug("System token already written, not updating.");
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                log_debug("Existing system token size (%zu) does not match our expectations (%zu), replacing.", token_size, sz);
+        }
+
+        r = genuine_random_bytes(buffer, sz, RANDOM_BLOCK);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to acquire random seed: %m");
+
+        /* Let's write this variable with an umask in effect, so that unprivileged users can't see the token
+         * and possibly get identification information or too much insight into the kernel's entropy pool
+         * state. */
+        RUN_WITH_UMASK(0077) {
+                r = efi_set_variable(EFI_VENDOR_LOADER, "LoaderSystemToken", buffer, sz);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        if (!arg_graceful)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to write 'LoaderSystemToken' EFI variable: %m");
+
+                        if (r == -EINVAL)
+                                log_warning_errno(r, "Unable to write 'LoaderSystemToken' EFI variable (firmware problem?), ignoring: %m");
+                        else
+                                log_warning_errno(r, "Unable to write 'LoaderSystemToken' EFI variable, ignoring: %m");
+                } else
+                        log_info("Successfully initialized system token in EFI variable with %zu bytes.", sz);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int sync_everything(void) {
+        int ret = 0, k;
+
+        if (arg_esp_path) {
+                k = syncfs_path(AT_FDCWD, arg_esp_path);
+                if (k < 0)
+                        ret = log_error_errno(k, "Failed to synchronize the ESP '%s': %m", arg_esp_path);
+        }
+
+        if (arg_xbootldr_path) {
+                k = syncfs_path(AT_FDCWD, arg_xbootldr_path);
+                if (k < 0)
+                        ret = log_error_errno(k, "Failed to synchronize $BOOT '%s': %m", arg_xbootldr_path);
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+}
+
+static int verb_install(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        sd_id128_t uuid = SD_ID128_NULL;
+        uint64_t pstart = 0, psize = 0;
+        uint32_t part = 0;
+        bool install;
+        int r;
+
+        r = acquire_esp(false, &part, &pstart, &psize, &uuid);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = acquire_xbootldr(false, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        install = streq(argv[0], "install");
+
+        RUN_WITH_UMASK(0002) {
+                if (install) {
+                        /* Don't create any of these directories when we are just updating. When we update
+                         * we'll drop-in our files (unless there are newer ones already), but we won't create
+                         * the directories for them in the first place. */
+                        r = create_subdirs(arg_esp_path, esp_subdirs);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        r = create_subdirs(arg_dollar_boot_path(), dollar_boot_subdirs);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+
+                r = install_binaries(arg_esp_path, install);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (install) {
+                        r = install_loader_config(arg_esp_path);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        r = install_random_seed(arg_esp_path);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+        }
+
+        (void) sync_everything();
+
+        if (arg_touch_variables)
+                r = install_variables(arg_esp_path,
+                                      part, pstart, psize, uuid,
+                                      "/EFI/systemd/systemd-boot" EFI_MACHINE_TYPE_NAME ".efi",
+                                      install);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int verb_remove(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        sd_id128_t uuid = SD_ID128_NULL;
+        int r, q;
+
+        r = acquire_esp(false, NULL, NULL, NULL, &uuid);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = acquire_xbootldr(false, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = remove_binaries(arg_esp_path);
+
+        q = remove_file(arg_esp_path, "/loader/loader.conf");
+        if (q < 0 && r >= 0)
+                r = q;
+
+        q = remove_file(arg_esp_path, "/loader/random-seed");
+        if (q < 0 && r >= 0)
+                r = q;
+
+        q = remove_subdirs(arg_esp_path, esp_subdirs);
+        if (q < 0 && r >= 0)
+                r = q;
+
+        q = remove_subdirs(arg_esp_path, dollar_boot_subdirs);
+        if (q < 0 && r >= 0)
+                r = q;
+
+        if (arg_xbootldr_path) {
+                /* Remove the latter two also in the XBOOTLDR partition if it exists */
+                q = remove_subdirs(arg_xbootldr_path, dollar_boot_subdirs);
+                if (q < 0 && r >= 0)
+                        r = q;
+        }
+
+        (void) sync_everything();
+
+        if (!arg_touch_variables)
+                return r;
+
+        q = remove_variables(uuid, "/EFI/systemd/systemd-boot" EFI_MACHINE_TYPE_NAME ".efi", true);
+        if (q < 0 && r >= 0)
+                r = q;
+
+        q = remove_loader_variables();
+        if (q < 0 && r >= 0)
+                r = q;
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int verb_is_installed(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = acquire_esp(false, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* Tests whether systemd-boot is installed. It's not obvious what to use as check here: we could
+         * check EFI variables, we could check what binary /EFI/BOOT/BOOT*.EFI points to, or whether the
+         * loader entries directory exists. Here we opted to check whether /EFI/systemd/ is non-empty, which
+         * should be a suitable and very minimal check for a number of reasons:
+         *
+         *  → The check is architecture independent (i.e. we check if any systemd-boot loader is installed, not a
+         *    specific one.)
+         *
+         *  → It doesn't assume we are the only boot loader (i.e doesn't check if we own the main
+         *    /EFI/BOOT/BOOT*.EFI fallback binary.
+         *
+         *  → It specifically checks for systemd-boot, not for other boot loaders (which a check for
+         *    /boot/loader/entries would do). */
+
+        p = path_join(arg_esp_path, "/EFI/systemd/");
+        if (!p)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = dir_is_empty(p);
+        if (r > 0 || r == -ENOENT) {
+                puts("no");
+                return EXIT_FAILURE;
+        }
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to detect whether systemd-boot is installed: %m");
+
+        puts("yes");
+        return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int parse_loader_entry_target_arg(const char *arg1, char16_t **ret_target, size_t *ret_target_size) {
+        int r;
+        if (streq(arg1, "@current")) {
+                r = efi_get_variable(EFI_VENDOR_LOADER, "LoaderEntrySelected", NULL, (void *) ret_target, ret_target_size);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get EFI variable 'LoaderEntrySelected': %m");
+        } else if (streq(arg1, "@oneshot")) {
+                r = efi_get_variable(EFI_VENDOR_LOADER, "LoaderEntryOneShot", NULL, (void *) ret_target, ret_target_size);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get EFI variable 'LoaderEntryOneShot': %m");
+        } else if (streq(arg1, "@default")) {
+                r = efi_get_variable(EFI_VENDOR_LOADER, "LoaderEntryDefault", NULL, (void *) ret_target, ret_target_size);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get EFI variable 'LoaderEntryDefault': %m");
+        } else {
+                char16_t *encoded = NULL;
+                encoded = utf8_to_utf16(arg1, strlen(arg1));
+                if (!encoded)
+                        return log_oom();
+                *ret_target = encoded;
+                *ret_target_size = char16_strlen(encoded) * 2 + 2;
+        }
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int verb_set_default(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        const char *name;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!is_efi_boot())
+                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EOPNOTSUPP),
+                                       "Not booted with UEFI.");
+
+        if (access("/sys/firmware/efi/efivars/LoaderInfo-4a67b082-0a4c-41cf-b6c7-440b29bb8c4f", F_OK) < 0) {
+                if (errno == ENOENT) {
+                        log_error_errno(errno, "Not booted with a supported boot loader.");
+                        return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+                }
+
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to detect whether boot loader supports '%s' operation: %m", argv[0]);
+        }
+
+        if (detect_container() > 0)
+                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EOPNOTSUPP),
+                                       "'%s' operation not supported in a container.",
+                                       argv[0]);
+
+        if (!arg_touch_variables)
+                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                       "'%s' operation cannot be combined with --touch-variables=no.",
+                                       argv[0]);
+
+        name = streq(argv[0], "set-default") ? "LoaderEntryDefault" : "LoaderEntryOneShot";
+
+        if (isempty(argv[1])) {
+                r = efi_set_variable(EFI_VENDOR_LOADER, name, NULL, 0);
+                if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to remove EFI variable '%s': %m", name);
+        } else {
+                _cleanup_free_ char16_t *target = NULL;
+                size_t target_size = 0;
+
+                r = parse_loader_entry_target_arg(argv[1], &target, &target_size);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                r = efi_set_variable(EFI_VENDOR_LOADER, name, target, target_size);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to update EFI variable '%s': %m", name);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int verb_random_seed(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = find_esp_and_warn(arg_esp_path, false, &arg_esp_path, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+        if (r == -ENOKEY) {
+                /* find_esp_and_warn() doesn't warn about ENOKEY, so let's do that on our own */
+                if (!arg_graceful)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Unable to find ESP.");
+
+                log_notice("No ESP found, not initializing random seed.");
+                return 0;
+        }
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = install_random_seed(arg_esp_path);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        (void) sync_everything();
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int verb_systemd_efi_options(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        int r;
+
+        if (argc == 1) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
+
+                r = systemd_efi_options_variable(&line);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to query SystemdOptions EFI variable: %m");
+
+                puts(line);
+
+        } else {
+                r = efi_set_variable_string(EFI_VENDOR_SYSTEMD, "SystemdOptions", argv[1]);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to set SystemdOptions EFI variable: %m");
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int verb_reboot_to_firmware(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        int r;
+
+        if (argc < 2) {
+                r = efi_get_reboot_to_firmware();
+                if (r > 0) {
+                        puts("active");
+                        return EXIT_SUCCESS; /* success */
+                }
+                if (r == 0) {
+                        puts("supported");
+                        return 1; /* recognizable error #1 */
+                }
+                if (r == -EOPNOTSUPP) {
+                        puts("not supported");
+                        return 2; /* recognizable error #2 */
+                }
+
+                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to query reboot-to-firmware state: %m");
+                return 3; /* other kind of error */
+        } else {
+                r = parse_boolean(argv[1]);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse argument: %s", argv[1]);
+
+                r = efi_set_reboot_to_firmware(r);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to set reboot-to-firmware option: %m");
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+}
+
+static int bootctl_main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+        static const Verb verbs[] = {
+                { "help",                VERB_ANY, VERB_ANY, 0,            help                     },
+                { "status",              VERB_ANY, 1,        VERB_DEFAULT, verb_status              },
+                { "install",             VERB_ANY, 1,        0,            verb_install             },
+                { "update",              VERB_ANY, 1,        0,            verb_install             },
+                { "remove",              VERB_ANY, 1,        0,            verb_remove              },
+                { "is-installed",        VERB_ANY, 1,        0,            verb_is_installed        },
+                { "list",                VERB_ANY, 1,        0,            verb_list                },
+                { "set-default",         2,        2,        0,            verb_set_default         },
+                { "set-oneshot",         2,        2,        0,            verb_set_default         },
+                { "random-seed",         VERB_ANY, 1,        0,            verb_random_seed         },
+                { "systemd-efi-options", VERB_ANY, 2,        0,            verb_systemd_efi_options },
+                { "reboot-to-firmware",  VERB_ANY, 2,        0,            verb_reboot_to_firmware  },
+                {}
+        };
+
+        return dispatch_verb(argc, argv, verbs, NULL);
+}
+
+static int run(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+        int r;
+
+        log_parse_environment();
+        log_open();
+
+        /* If we run in a container, automatically turn off EFI file system access */
+        if (detect_container() > 0)
+                arg_touch_variables = false;
+
+        r = parse_argv(argc, argv);
+        if (r <= 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return bootctl_main(argc, argv);
+}
+
+DEFINE_MAIN_FUNCTION_WITH_POSITIVE_FAILURE(run);