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| author | Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org> | 2024-04-27 06:33:50 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org> | 2024-04-27 06:33:50 +0000 |
| commit | fe39ffb8b90ae4e002ed73fe98617cd590abb467 (patch) | |
| tree | b80e5956907d8aeaaffe4e4f0c068c0e6157ce8b /docs/manual/rewrite/remapping.html.en | |
| parent | Initial commit. (diff) | |
| download | apache2-ddaa55035e5014d23356f71b867a3aed490c4dfc.tar.xz apache2-ddaa55035e5014d23356f71b867a3aed490c4dfc.zip | |
Adding upstream version 2.4.56.upstream/2.4.56upstream
Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>
Diffstat (limited to 'docs/manual/rewrite/remapping.html.en')
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/manual/rewrite/remapping.html.en | 697 |
1 files changed, 697 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/docs/manual/rewrite/remapping.html.en b/docs/manual/rewrite/remapping.html.en new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9b8670d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/rewrite/remapping.html.en @@ -0,0 +1,697 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head> +<meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type" /> +<!-- + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + --> +<title>Redirecting and Remapping with mod_rewrite - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</title> +<link href="../style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> +<link href="../style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> +<link href="../style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../style/css/prettify.css" /> +<script src="../style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript"> +</script> + +<link href="../images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head> +<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header"> +<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p> +<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</p> +<img alt="" src="../images/feather.png" /></div> +<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div> +<div id="path"> +<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.4</a> > <a href="./">Rewrite</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Redirecting and Remapping with mod_rewrite</h1> +<div class="toplang"> +<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/rewrite/remapping.html" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="../fr/rewrite/remapping.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a></p> +</div> + + +<p>This document supplements the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> +<a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">reference documentation</a>. It describes +how you can use <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> to redirect and remap +request. This includes many examples of common uses of mod_rewrite, +including detailed descriptions of how each works.</p> + +<div class="warning">Note that many of these examples won't work unchanged in your +particular server configuration, so it's important that you understand +them, rather than merely cutting and pasting the examples into your +configuration.</div> + +</div> +<div id="quickview"><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/contributing.html" class="badge"><img src="https://www.apache.org/images/SupportApache-small.png" alt="Support Apache!" /></a><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#old-to-new">From Old to New (internal)</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#old-to-new-extern">Rewriting From Old to New (external)</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#movehomedirs">Resource Moved to Another Server</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#static-to-dynamic">From Static to Dynamic</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#backward-compatibility">Backward Compatibility for file extension change</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#canonicalhost">Canonical Hostnames</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#multipledirs">Search for pages in more than one directory</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#archive-access-multiplexer">Redirecting to Geographically Distributed Servers</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#browser-dependent-content">Browser Dependent Content</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#canonicalurl">Canonical URLs</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#moveddocroot">Moved <code>DocumentRoot</code></a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#fallback-resource">Fallback Resource</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#rewrite-query">Rewrite query string</a></li> +</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">Module documentation</a></li><li><a href="intro.html">mod_rewrite introduction</a></li><li><a href="access.html">Controlling access</a></li><li><a href="vhosts.html">Virtual hosts</a></li><li><a href="proxy.html">Proxying</a></li><li><a href="rewritemap.html">Using RewriteMap</a></li><li><a href="advanced.html">Advanced techniques</a></li><li><a href="avoid.html">When not to use mod_rewrite</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div> +<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="old-to-new" id="old-to-new">From Old to New (internal)</a></h2> + + + + <dl> + <dt>Description:</dt> + + <dd> + <p>Assume we have recently renamed the page + <code>foo.html</code> to <code>bar.html</code> and now want + to provide the old URL for backward compatibility. However, + we want that users of the old URL even not recognize that + the pages was renamed - that is, we don't want the address to + change in their browser.</p> + </dd> + + <dt>Solution:</dt> + + <dd> + <p>We rewrite the old URL to the new one internally via the + following rule:</p> + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">RewriteEngine on +RewriteRule "^<strong>/foo</strong>\.html$" "<strong>/bar</strong>.html" [PT]</pre> + + </dd> + </dl> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="old-to-new-extern" id="old-to-new-extern">Rewriting From Old to New (external)</a></h2> + + + + <dl> + <dt>Description:</dt> + + <dd> + <p>Assume again that we have recently renamed the page + <code>foo.html</code> to <code>bar.html</code> and now want + to provide the old URL for backward compatibility. But this + time we want that the users of the old URL get hinted to + the new one, i.e. their browsers Location field should + change, too.</p> + </dd> + + <dt>Solution:</dt> + + <dd> + <p>We force a HTTP redirect to the new URL which leads to a + change of the browsers and thus the users view:</p> + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">RewriteEngine on +RewriteRule "^<strong>/foo</strong>\.html$" "<strong>bar</strong>.html" [<strong>R</strong>]</pre> + +</dd> + +<dt>Discussion</dt> + + <dd> + <p>In this example, as contrasted to the <a href="#old-to-new-intern">internal</a> example above, we can simply + use the Redirect directive. mod_rewrite was used in that earlier + example in order to hide the redirect from the client:</p> + + <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Redirect "/foo.html" "/bar.html"</pre> + + + </dd> + </dl> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="movehomedirs" id="movehomedirs">Resource Moved to Another Server</a></h2> + + + + <dl> + <dt>Description:</dt> + + <dd> + <p>If a resource has moved to another server, you may wish to have + URLs continue to work for a time on the old server while people + update their bookmarks.</p> + </dd> + + <dt>Solution:</dt> + + <dd> + <p>You can use <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> to redirect these URLs + to the new server, but you might also consider using the Redirect + or RedirectMatch directive.</p> + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">#With mod_rewrite +RewriteEngine on +RewriteRule "^/docs/(.+)" "http://new.example.com/docs/$1" [R,L]</pre> + + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">#With RedirectMatch +RedirectMatch "^/docs/(.*)" "http://new.example.com/docs/$1"</pre> + + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">#With Redirect +Redirect "/docs/" "http://new.example.com/docs/"</pre> + + </dd> + </dl> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="static-to-dynamic" id="static-to-dynamic">From Static to Dynamic</a></h2> + + + + <dl> + <dt>Description:</dt> + + <dd> + <p>How can we transform a static page + <code>foo.html</code> into a dynamic variant + <code>foo.cgi</code> in a seamless way, i.e. without notice + by the browser/user.</p> + </dd> + + <dt>Solution:</dt> + + <dd> + <p>We just rewrite the URL to the CGI-script and force the + handler to be <strong>cgi-script</strong> so that it is + executed as a CGI program. + This way a request to <code>/~quux/foo.html</code> + internally leads to the invocation of + <code>/~quux/foo.cgi</code>.</p> + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">RewriteEngine on +RewriteBase "/~quux/" +RewriteRule "^foo\.html$" "foo.cgi" [H=<strong>cgi-script</strong>]</pre> + + </dd> + </dl> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="backward-compatibility" id="backward-compatibility">Backward Compatibility for file extension change</a></h2> + + + + <dl> + <dt>Description:</dt> + + <dd> + <p>How can we make URLs backward compatible (still + existing virtually) after migrating <code>document.YYYY</code> + to <code>document.XXXX</code>, e.g. after translating a + bunch of <code>.html</code> files to <code>.php</code>?</p> + </dd> + + <dt>Solution:</dt> + + <dd> + <p>We rewrite the name to its basename and test for + existence of the new extension. If it exists, we take + that name, else we rewrite the URL to its original state.</p> + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config"># backward compatibility ruleset for +# rewriting document.html to document.php +# when and only when document.php exists +<Directory "/var/www/htdocs"> + RewriteEngine on + RewriteBase "/var/www/htdocs" + + RewriteCond "$1.php" -f + RewriteCond "$1.html" !-f + RewriteRule "^(.*).html$" "$1.php" +</Directory></pre> + + </dd> + + <dt>Discussion</dt> + <dd> + <p>This example uses an often-overlooked feature of mod_rewrite, + by taking advantage of the order of execution of the ruleset. In + particular, mod_rewrite evaluates the left-hand-side of the + RewriteRule before it evaluates the RewriteCond directives. + Consequently, $1 is already defined by the time the RewriteCond + directives are evaluated. This allows us to test for the existence + of the original (<code>document.html</code>) and target + (<code>document.php</code>) files using the same base filename.</p> + + <p>This ruleset is designed to use in a per-directory context (In a + <Directory> block or in a .htaccess file), so that the + <code>-f</code> checks are looking at the correct directory path. + You may need to set a <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritebase">RewriteBase</a></code> directive to specify the + directory base that you're working in.</p> + </dd> + </dl> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="canonicalhost" id="canonicalhost">Canonical Hostnames</a></h2> + + + + <dl> + <dt>Description:</dt> + + <dd>The goal of this rule is to force the use of a particular + hostname, in preference to other hostnames which may be used to + reach the same site. For example, if you wish to force the use + of <strong>www.example.com</strong> instead of + <strong>example.com</strong>, you might use a variant of the + following recipe.</dd> + + <dt>Solution:</dt> + + <dd> + +<p>The very best way to solve this doesn't involve mod_rewrite at all, +but rather uses the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_alias.html#redirect">Redirect</a></code> +directive placed in a virtual host for the non-canonical +hostname(s).</p> + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><VirtualHost *:80> + ServerName undesired.example.com + ServerAlias example.com notthis.example.com + + Redirect "/" "http://www.example.com/" +</VirtualHost> + +<VirtualHost *:80> + ServerName www.example.com +</VirtualHost></pre> + + +<p>You can alternatively accomplish this using the +<code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#if"><If></a></code> +directive:</p> + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><If "%{HTTP_HOST} != 'www.example.com'"> + Redirect "/" "http://www.example.com/" +</If></pre> + + +<p>Or, for example, to redirect a portion of your site to HTTPS, you +might do the following:</p> + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><If "%{SERVER_PROTOCOL} != 'HTTPS'"> + Redirect "/admin/" "https://www.example.com/admin/" +</If></pre> + + +<p>If, for whatever reason, you still want to use <code>mod_rewrite</code> +- if, for example, you need this to work with a larger set of RewriteRules - +you might use one of the recipes below.</p> + +<p>For sites running on a port other than 80:</p> +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">RewriteCond "%{HTTP_HOST}" "!^www\.example\.com" [NC] +RewriteCond "%{HTTP_HOST}" "!^$" +RewriteCond "%{SERVER_PORT}" "!^80$" +RewriteRule "^/?(.*)" "http://www.example.com:%{SERVER_PORT}/$1" [L,R,NE]</pre> + + +<p>And for a site running on port 80</p> +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">RewriteCond "%{HTTP_HOST}" "!^www\.example\.com" [NC] +RewriteCond "%{HTTP_HOST}" "!^$" +RewriteRule "^/?(.*)" "http://www.example.com/$1" [L,R,NE]</pre> + + + <p> + If you wanted to do this generically for all domain names - that + is, if you want to redirect <strong>example.com</strong> to + <strong>www.example.com</strong> for all possible values of + <strong>example.com</strong>, you could use the following + recipe:</p> + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">RewriteCond "%{HTTP_HOST}" "!^www\." [NC] +RewriteCond "%{HTTP_HOST}" "!^$" +RewriteRule "^/?(.*)" "http://www.%{HTTP_HOST}/$1" [L,R,NE]</pre> + + + <p>These rulesets will work either in your main server configuration + file, or in a <code>.htaccess</code> file placed in the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code> of the server.</p> + </dd> + </dl> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="multipledirs" id="multipledirs">Search for pages in more than one directory</a></h2> + + + + <dl> + <dt>Description:</dt> + + <dd> + <p>A particular resource might exist in one of several places, and + we want to look in those places for the resource when it is + requested. Perhaps we've recently rearranged our directory + structure, dividing content into several locations.</p> + </dd> + + <dt>Solution:</dt> + + <dd> + <p>The following ruleset searches in two directories to find the + resource, and, if not finding it in either place, will attempt to + just serve it out of the location requested.</p> + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">RewriteEngine on + +# first try to find it in dir1/... +# ...and if found stop and be happy: +RewriteCond "%{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/<strong>dir1</strong>/%{REQUEST_URI}" -f +RewriteRule "^(.+)" "%{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/<strong>dir1</strong>/$1" [L] + +# second try to find it in dir2/... +# ...and if found stop and be happy: +RewriteCond "%{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/<strong>dir2</strong>/%{REQUEST_URI}" -f +RewriteRule "^(.+)" "%{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/<strong>dir2</strong>/$1" [L] + +# else go on for other Alias or ScriptAlias directives, +# etc. +RewriteRule "^" "-" [PT]</pre> + + </dd> + </dl> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="archive-access-multiplexer" id="archive-access-multiplexer">Redirecting to Geographically Distributed Servers</a></h2> + + + + <dl> + <dt>Description:</dt> + + <dd> + <p>We have numerous mirrors of our website, and want to redirect + people to the one that is located in the country where they are + located.</p> + </dd> + + <dt>Solution:</dt> + + <dd> + <p>Looking at the hostname of the requesting client, we determine + which country they are coming from. If we can't do a lookup on their + IP address, we fall back to a default server.</p> + <p>We'll use a <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritemap">RewriteMap</a></code> + directive to build a list of servers that we wish to use.</p> + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">HostnameLookups on +RewriteEngine on +RewriteMap multiplex "txt:/path/to/map.mirrors" +RewriteCond "%{REMOTE_HOST}" "([a-z]+)$" [NC] +RewriteRule "^/(.*)$" "${multiplex:<strong>%1</strong>|http://www.example.com/}$1" [R,L]</pre> + + +<div class="example"><p><code> +## map.mirrors -- Multiplexing Map<br /> +<br /> +de http://www.example.de/<br /> +uk http://www.example.uk/<br /> +com http://www.example.com/<br /> +##EOF## +</code></p></div> + </dd> + + <dt>Discussion</dt> + <dd> + <div class="warning">This ruleset relies on + <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#hostnamelookups">HostNameLookups</a></code> + being set <code>on</code>, which can be + a significant performance hit.</div> + + <p>The <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code> + directive captures the last portion of the hostname of the + requesting client - the country code - and the following RewriteRule + uses that value to look up the appropriate mirror host in the map + file.</p> + </dd> + </dl> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="browser-dependent-content" id="browser-dependent-content">Browser Dependent Content</a></h2> + + + + <dl> + <dt>Description:</dt> + + <dd> + <p>We wish to provide different content based on the browser, or + user-agent, which is requesting the content.</p> + </dd> + + <dt>Solution:</dt> + + <dd> + <p>We have to decide, based on the HTTP header "User-Agent", + which content to serve. The following config + does the following: If the HTTP header "User-Agent" + contains "Mozilla/3", the page <code>foo.html</code> + is rewritten to <code>foo.NS.html</code> and the + rewriting stops. If the browser is "Lynx" or "Mozilla" of + version 1 or 2, the URL becomes <code>foo.20.html</code>. + All other browsers receive page <code>foo.32.html</code>. + This is done with the following ruleset:</p> + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">RewriteCond "%{HTTP_USER_AGENT}" "^<strong>Mozilla/3</strong>.*" +RewriteRule "^foo\.html$" "foo.<strong>NS</strong>.html" [<strong>L</strong>] + +RewriteCond "%{HTTP_USER_AGENT}" "^Lynx/" [OR] +RewriteCond "%{HTTP_USER_AGENT}" "^Mozilla/[12]" +RewriteRule "^foo\.html$" "foo.<strong>20</strong>.html" [<strong>L</strong>] + +RewriteRule "^foo\.html$" "foo.<strong>32</strong>.html" [<strong>L</strong>]</pre> + + </dd> + </dl> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="canonicalurl" id="canonicalurl">Canonical URLs</a></h2> + + + +<dl> + <dt>Description:</dt> + + <dd> + <p>On some webservers there is more than one URL for a + resource. Usually there are canonical URLs (which are be + actually used and distributed) and those which are just + shortcuts, internal ones, and so on. Independent of which URL the + user supplied with the request, they should finally see the + canonical one in their browser address bar.</p> + </dd> + + <dt>Solution:</dt> + + <dd> + <p>We do an external HTTP redirect for all non-canonical + URLs to fix them in the location view of the Browser and + for all subsequent requests. In the example ruleset below + we replace <code>/puppies</code> and <code>/canines</code> + by the canonical <code>/dogs</code>.</p> + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">RewriteRule "^/(puppies|canines)/(.*)" "/dogs/$2" [R]</pre> + + </dd> + + <dt>Discussion:</dt> + <dd> + This should really be accomplished with Redirect or RedirectMatch + directives: + + <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">RedirectMatch "^/(puppies|canines)/(.*)" "/dogs/$2"</pre> + + </dd> + </dl> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="moveddocroot" id="moveddocroot">Moved <code>DocumentRoot</code></a></h2> + + + + <dl> + <dt>Description:</dt> + + <dd> +<p>Usually the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code> +of the webserver directly relates to the URL "<code>/</code>". +But often this data is not really of top-level priority. For example, +you may wish for visitors, on first entering a site, to go to a +particular subdirectory <code>/about/</code>. This may be accomplished +using the following ruleset:</p> +</dd> + + <dt>Solution:</dt> + + <dd> + <p>We redirect the URL <code>/</code> to + <code>/about/</code>: + </p> + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">RewriteEngine on +RewriteRule "^/$" "/about/" [<strong>R</strong>]</pre> + + +<p>Note that this can also be handled using the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_alias.html#redirectmatch">RedirectMatch</a></code> directive:</p> + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">RedirectMatch "^/$" "http://example.com/about/"</pre> + + +<p>Note also that the example rewrites only the root URL. That is, it +rewrites a request for <code>http://example.com/</code>, but not a +request for <code>http://example.com/page.html</code>. If you have in +fact changed your document root - that is, if <strong>all</strong> of +your content is in fact in that subdirectory, it is greatly preferable +to simply change your <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code> +directive, or move all of the content up one directory, +rather than rewriting URLs.</p> +</dd> +</dl> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="fallback-resource" id="fallback-resource">Fallback Resource</a></h2> + + +<dl> +<dt>Description:</dt> +<dd>You want a single resource (say, a certain file, like index.php) to +handle all requests that come to a particular directory, except those +that should go to an existing resource such as an image, or a css file.</dd> + +<dt>Solution:</dt> +<dd> +<p>As of version 2.2.16, you should use the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_dir.html#fallbackresource">FallbackResource</a></code> directive for this:</p> + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><Directory "/var/www/my_blog"> + FallbackResource "index.php" +</Directory></pre> + + +<p>However, in earlier versions of Apache, or if your needs are more +complicated than this, you can use a variation of the following rewrite +set to accomplish the same thing:</p> + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><Directory "/var/www/my_blog"> + RewriteBase "/my_blog" + + RewriteCond "/var/www/my_blog/%{REQUEST_FILENAME}" !-f + RewriteCond "/var/www/my_blog/%{REQUEST_FILENAME}" !-d + RewriteRule "^" "index.php" [PT] +</Directory></pre> + + +<p>If, on the other hand, you wish to pass the requested URI as a query +string argument to index.php, you can replace that RewriteRule with:</p> + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">RewriteRule "(.*)" "index.php?$1" [PT,QSA]</pre> + + +<p>Note that these rulesets can be used in a <code>.htaccess</code> +file, as well as in a <Directory> block.</p> + +</dd> + +</dl> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="rewrite-query" id="rewrite-query">Rewrite query string</a></h2> + + +<dl> +<dt>Description:</dt> +<dd>You want to capture a particular value from a query string +and either replace it or incorporate it into another component +of the URL.</dd> + +<dt>Solutions:</dt> +<dd> +<p> Many of the solutions in this section will all use the same condition, +which leaves the matched value in the %2 backreference. %1 is the beginining +of the query string (up to the key of intererest), and %3 is the remainder. This +condition is a bit complex for flexibility and to avoid double '&&' in the +substitutions.</p> +<ul> + <li>This solution removes the matching key and value: + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config"># Remove mykey=??? +RewriteCond "%{QUERY_STRING}" "(.*(?:^|&))mykey=([^&]*)&?(.*)&?$" +RewriteRule "(.*)" "$1?%1%3"</pre> + + </li> + + <li>This solution uses the captured value in the URL substitution, + discarding the rest of the original query by appending a '?': + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config"># Copy from query string to PATH_INFO +RewriteCond "%{QUERY_STRING}" "(.*(?:^|&))mykey=([^&]*)&?(.*)&?$" +RewriteRule "(.*)" "$1/products/%2/?" [PT]</pre> + + </li> + + <li>This solution checks the captured value in a subsequent condition: + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config"># Capture the value of mykey in the query string +RewriteCond "%{QUERY_STRING}" "(.*(?:^|&))mykey=([^&]*)&?(.*)&?$" +RewriteCond "%2" !=not-so-secret-value +RewriteRule "(.*)" - [F]</pre> + + </li> + + <li>This solution shows the reverse of the previous ones, copying + path components (perhaps PATH_INFO) from the URL into the query string. +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config"># The desired URL might be /products/kitchen-sink, and the script expects +# /path?products=kitchen-sink. +RewriteRule "^/?path/([^/]+)/([^/]+)" "/path?$1=$2" [PT]</pre> + + </li> +</ul> + +</dd> + +</dl> +</div></div> +<div class="bottomlang"> +<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/rewrite/remapping.html" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="../fr/rewrite/remapping.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a></p> +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="../images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Libera.chat, or sent to our <a href="https://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div> +<script type="text/javascript"><!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- +var comments_shortname = 'httpd'; +var comments_identifier = 'http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/rewrite/remapping.html'; +(function(w, d) { + if (w.location.hostname.toLowerCase() == "httpd.apache.org") { + d.write('<div id="comments_thread"><\/div>'); + var s = d.createElement('script'); + s.type = 'text/javascript'; + s.async = true; + s.src = 'https://comments.apache.org/show_comments.lua?site=' + comments_shortname + '&page=' + comments_identifier; + (d.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || d.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(s); + } + else { + d.write('<div id="comments_thread">Comments are disabled for this page at the moment.<\/div>'); + } +})(window, document); +//--><!]]></script></div><div id="footer"> +<p class="apache">Copyright 2023 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p> +<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div><script type="text/javascript"><!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- +if (typeof(prettyPrint) !== 'undefined') { + prettyPrint(); +} +//--><!]]></script> +</body></html>
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