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diff --git a/docs/manual/env.html b/docs/manual/env.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1ccf3fa --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/env.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# GENERATED FROM XML -- DO NOT EDIT + +URI: env.html.en +Content-Language: en +Content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 + +URI: env.html.fr.utf8 +Content-Language: fr +Content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 + +URI: env.html.ja.utf8 +Content-Language: ja +Content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 + +URI: env.html.ko.euc-kr +Content-Language: ko +Content-type: text/html; charset=EUC-KR + +URI: env.html.tr.utf8 +Content-Language: tr +Content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 diff --git a/docs/manual/env.html.en b/docs/manual/env.html.en new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7876cdd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/env.html.en @@ -0,0 +1,529 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head> +<meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type" /> +<!-- + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + --> +<title>Environment Variables in Apache - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</title> +<link href="./style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> +<link href="./style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> +<link href="./style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./style/css/prettify.css" /> +<script src="./style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript"> +</script> + +<link href="./images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head> +<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header"> +<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p> +<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</p> +<img alt="" src="./images/feather.png" /></div> +<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div> +<div id="path"> +<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.4</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Environment Variables in Apache</h1> +<div class="toplang"> +<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./en/env.html" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="./fr/env.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> | +<a href="./ja/env.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | +<a href="./ko/env.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="./tr/env.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div> + + <p>There are two kinds of environment variables that affect + the Apache HTTP Server.</p> + + <p>First, there are the environment variables controlled by + the underlying operating system. These are set before the + server starts. They can be used in expansions in configuration + files, and can optionally be passed to CGI scripts and SSI + using the PassEnv directive.</p> + + <p>Second, the Apache HTTP Server provides a mechanism for storing + information in named variables that are also called <em>environment + variables</em>. This information can be used to control various + operations such as logging or access control. The variables are + also used as a mechanism to communicate with external programs + such as CGI scripts. This document discusses different ways to + manipulate and use these variables.</p> + + <p>Although these variables are referred to as <em>environment + variables</em>, they are not the same as the environment + variables controlled by the underlying operating system. + Instead, these variables are stored and manipulated in an + internal Apache structure. They only become actual operating + system environment variables when they are provided to CGI + scripts and Server Side Include scripts. If you wish to + manipulate the operating system environment under which the + server itself runs, you must use the standard environment + manipulation mechanisms provided by your operating system + shell.</p> + </div> +<div id="quickview"><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/contributing.html" class="badge"><img src="https://www.apache.org/images/SupportApache-small.png" alt="Support Apache!" /></a><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#setting">Setting Environment Variables</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#using">Using Environment Variables</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#special">Special Purpose Environment Variables</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#examples">Examples</a></li> +</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div> +<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="setting" id="setting">Setting Environment Variables</a></h2> + + <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html">mod_env</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html">mod_setenvif</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_unique_id.html">mod_unique_id</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#browsermatch">BrowserMatch</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#browsermatchnocase">BrowserMatchNoCase</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#passenv">PassEnv</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#setenv">SetEnv</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvif">SetEnvIf</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvifnocase">SetEnvIfNoCase</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#unsetenv">UnsetEnv</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table> + + <h3><a name="basic-manipulation" id="basic-manipulation">Basic Environment Manipulation</a></h3> + + + <p>The most basic way to set an environment variable in Apache + is using the unconditional <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#setenv">SetEnv</a></code> directive. Variables may also be passed from + the environment of the shell which started the server using the + <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#passenv">PassEnv</a></code> directive.</p> + + + <h3><a name="conditional" id="conditional">Conditional Per-Request Settings</a></h3> + + + <p>For additional flexibility, the directives provided by + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html">mod_setenvif</a></code> allow environment variables to be set + on a per-request basis, conditional on characteristics of particular + requests. For example, a variable could be set only when a + specific browser (User-Agent) is making a request, or only when + a specific Referer [sic] header is found. Even more flexibility + is available through the <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>'s <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code> which uses the + <code>[E=...]</code> option to set environment variables.</p> + + + <h3><a name="unique-identifiers" id="unique-identifiers">Unique Identifiers</a></h3> + + + <p>Finally, <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_unique_id.html">mod_unique_id</a></code> sets the environment + variable <code>UNIQUE_ID</code> for each request to a value which is + guaranteed to be unique across "all" requests under very + specific conditions.</p> + + + <h3><a name="standard-cgi" id="standard-cgi">Standard CGI Variables</a></h3> + + + <p>In addition to all environment variables set within the + Apache configuration and passed from the shell, CGI scripts and + SSI pages are provided with a set of environment variables + containing meta-information about the request as required by + the <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3875">CGI + specification</a>.</p> + + + <h3><a name="caveats" id="caveats">Some Caveats</a></h3> + + + <ul> + <li>It is not possible to override or change the standard CGI + variables using the environment manipulation directives.</li> + + <li>When <code class="program"><a href="./programs/suexec.html">suexec</a></code> is used to launch + CGI scripts, the environment will be cleaned down to a set of + <em>safe</em> variables before CGI scripts are launched. The + list of <em>safe</em> variables is defined at compile-time in + <code>suexec.c</code>.</li> + + <li>For portability reasons, the names of environment + variables may contain only letters, numbers, and the + underscore character. In addition, the first character may + not be a number. Characters which do not match this + restriction will be replaced by an underscore when passed to + CGI scripts and SSI pages.</li> + + <li>A special case are HTTP headers which are passed to CGI + scripts and the like via environment variables (see below). + They are converted to uppercase and only dashes are replaced with + underscores; if the header contains any other (invalid) character, + the whole header is silently dropped. See <a href="#fixheader"> + below</a> for a workaround.</li> + + <li>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#setenv">SetEnv</a></code> directive runs + late during request processing meaning that directives such as + <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvif">SetEnvIf</a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code> will not see the + variables set with it.</li> + + <li>When the server looks up a path via an internal + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#subrequest" title="see glossary">subrequest</a> such as looking + for a <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_dir.html#directoryindex">DirectoryIndex</a></code> + or generating a directory listing with <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_autoindex.html">mod_autoindex</a></code>, + per-request environment variables are <em>not</em> inherited in the + subrequest. Additionally, + <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvif">SetEnvIf</a></code> directives + are not separately evaluated in the subrequest due to the API phases + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html">mod_setenvif</a></code> takes action in.</li> + </ul> + + </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="using" id="using">Using Environment Variables</a></h2> + + + <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authz_host.html">mod_authz_host</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cgi.html">mod_cgi</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ext_filter.html">mod_ext_filter</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_headers.html">mod_headers</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_include.html">mod_include</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_log_config.html">mod_log_config</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_authz_core.html#require">Require</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_log_config.html#customlog">CustomLog</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_access_compat.html#allow">Allow</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_access_compat.html#deny">Deny</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_ext_filter.html#extfilterdefine">ExtFilterDefine</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_headers.html#header">Header</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_log_config.html#logformat">LogFormat</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table> + + <h3><a name="cgi-scripts" id="cgi-scripts">CGI Scripts</a></h3> + + + <p>One of the primary uses of environment variables is to + communicate information to CGI scripts. As discussed above, the + environment passed to CGI scripts includes standard + meta-information about the request in addition to any variables + set within the Apache configuration. For more details, see the + <a href="howto/cgi.html">CGI tutorial</a>.</p> + + + <h3><a name="ssi-pages" id="ssi-pages">SSI Pages</a></h3> + + + <p>Server-parsed (SSI) documents processed by + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_include.html">mod_include</a></code>'s + <code>INCLUDES</code> filter can print environment variables + using the <code>echo</code> element, and can use environment + variables in flow control elements to makes parts of a page + conditional on characteristics of a request. Apache also + provides SSI pages with the standard CGI environment variables + as discussed above. For more details, see the <a href="howto/ssi.html">SSI tutorial</a>.</p> + + + <h3><a name="access-control" id="access-control">Access Control</a></h3> + + + <p>Access to the server can be controlled based on + environment variables using the <code>Require env</code> + and <code>Require not env</code> directives. In combination with + <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvif">SetEnvIf</a></code>, this + allows for flexible control of access to the server based on + characteristics of the client. For example, you can use these + directives to deny access to a particular browser (User-Agent). + </p> + + + <h3><a name="logging" id="logging">Conditional Logging</a></h3> + + + <p>Environment variables can be logged in the access log using + the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_log_config.html#logformat">LogFormat</a></code> + option <code>%e</code>. In addition, the decision on whether + or not to log requests can be made based on the status of + environment variables using the conditional form of the + <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_log_config.html#customlog">CustomLog</a></code> + directive. In combination with <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvif">SetEnvIf</a></code> this allows for flexible control of which + requests are logged. For example, you can choose not to log + requests for filenames ending in <code>gif</code>, or you can + choose to only log requests from clients which are outside your + subnet.</p> + + + <h3><a name="response-headers" id="response-headers">Conditional Response Headers</a></h3> + + + <p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_headers.html#header">Header</a></code> + directive can use the presence or + absence of an environment variable to determine whether or not + a certain HTTP header will be placed in the response to the + client. This allows, for example, a certain response header to + be sent only if a corresponding header is received in the + request from the client.</p> + + + + <h3><a name="external-filter" id="external-filter">External Filter Activation</a></h3> + + + <p>External filters configured by <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ext_filter.html">mod_ext_filter</a></code> + using the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_ext_filter.html#extfilterdefine">ExtFilterDefine</a></code> directive can + by activated conditional on an environment variable using the + <code>disableenv=</code> and <code>enableenv=</code> options.</p> + + + <h3><a name="url-rewriting" id="url-rewriting">URL Rewriting</a></h3> + + + <p>The <code>%{ENV:<em>variable</em>}</code> form of + <em>TestString</em> in the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code> allows <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>'s rewrite + engine to make decisions conditional on environment variables. + Note that the variables accessible in <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> + without the <code>ENV:</code> prefix are not actually environment + variables. Rather, they are variables special to + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> which cannot be accessed from other + modules.</p> + + </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="special" id="special">Special Purpose Environment Variables</a></h2> + + + <p>Interoperability problems have led to the introduction of + mechanisms to modify the way Apache behaves when talking to + particular clients. To make these mechanisms as flexible as + possible, they are invoked by defining environment variables, + typically with <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#browsermatch">BrowserMatch</a></code>, though <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#setenv">SetEnv</a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#passenv">PassEnv</a></code> could also be used, for example.</p> + + <h3><a name="downgrade" id="downgrade">downgrade-1.0</a></h3> + + + <p>This forces the request to be treated as a HTTP/1.0 request + even if it was in a later dialect.</p> + + + <h3><a name="force-gzip" id="force-gzip">force-gzip</a></h3> + + <p>If you have the <code>DEFLATE</code> filter activated, this + environment variable will ignore the accept-encoding setting of + your browser and will send compressed output unconditionally.</p> + + <h3><a name="force-no-vary" id="force-no-vary">force-no-vary</a></h3> + + + <p>This causes any <code>Vary</code> fields to be removed from + the response header before it is sent back to the client. Some + clients don't interpret this field correctly; setting this + variable can work around this problem. Setting this variable + also implies <strong>force-response-1.0</strong>.</p> + + + <h3><a name="force-response" id="force-response">force-response-1.0</a></h3> + + + <p>This forces an HTTP/1.0 response to clients making an HTTP/1.0 + request. It was originally + implemented as a result of a problem with AOL's proxies. Some + HTTP/1.0 clients may not behave correctly when given an HTTP/1.1 + response, and this can be used to interoperate with them.</p> + + + + <h3><a name="gzip-only-text-html" id="gzip-only-text-html">gzip-only-text/html</a></h3> + + + <p>When set to a value of "1", this variable disables the + <code>DEFLATE</code> output filter provided by + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_deflate.html">mod_deflate</a></code> for content-types other than + <code>text/html</code>. If you'd rather + use statically compressed files, <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code> + evaluates the variable as well (not only for gzip, but for all + encodings that differ from "identity").</p> + + + <h3><a name="no-gzip" id="no-gzip">no-gzip</a></h3> + + <p>When set, the <code>DEFLATE</code> filter of + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_deflate.html">mod_deflate</a></code> will be turned off and + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code> will refuse to deliver encoded + resources.</p> + + + + <h3><a name="no-cache" id="no-cache">no-cache</a></h3> + <p><em>Available in versions 2.2.12 and later</em></p> + + <p>When set, <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code> will not save an otherwise + cacheable response. This environment variable does not influence + whether a response already in the cache will be served for the current + request.</p> + + + + <h3><a name="nokeepalive" id="nokeepalive">nokeepalive</a></h3> + + + <p>This disables <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#keepalive">KeepAlive</a></code> + when set.</p> + + + + <h3><a name="prefer-language" id="prefer-language">prefer-language</a></h3> + + <p>This influences <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code>'s behaviour. If + it contains a language tag (such as <code>en</code>, <code>ja</code> + or <code>x-klingon</code>), <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code> tries + to deliver a variant with that language. If there's no such variant, + the normal <a href="content-negotiation.html">negotiation</a> process + applies.</p> + + + + <h3><a name="redirect-carefully" id="redirect-carefully">redirect-carefully</a></h3> + + + <p>This forces the server to be more careful when sending a redirect + to the client. This is typically used when a client has a known + problem handling redirects. This was originally implemented as a + result of a problem with Microsoft's WebFolders software which has + a problem handling redirects on directory resources via DAV + methods.</p> + + + + <h3><a name="suppress-error-charset" id="suppress-error-charset">suppress-error-charset</a></h3> + + + <p><em>Available in versions after 2.0.54</em></p> + + <p>When Apache issues a redirect in response to a client request, + the response includes some actual text to be displayed in case + the client can't (or doesn't) automatically follow the redirection. + Apache ordinarily labels this text according to the character set + which it uses, which is ISO-8859-1.</p> + + <p> However, if the redirection is to a page that uses a different + character set, some broken browser versions will try to use the + character set from the redirection text rather than the actual page. + This can result in Greek, for instance, being incorrectly rendered.</p> + + <p>Setting this environment variable causes Apache to omit the character + set for the redirection text, and these broken browsers will then correctly + use that of the destination page.</p> + + <div class="warning"> + <h3>Security note</h3> + + <p>Sending error pages without a specified character set may + allow a cross-site-scripting attack for existing browsers (MSIE) + which do not follow the HTTP/1.1 specification and attempt to + "guess" the character set from the content. Such browsers can + be easily fooled into using the UTF-7 character set, and UTF-7 + content from input data (such as the request-URI) will not be + escaped by the usual escaping mechanisms designed to prevent + cross-site-scripting attacks.</p> + </div> + + + + <h3><a name="proxy" id="proxy">force-proxy-request-1.0, proxy-nokeepalive, proxy-sendchunked, + proxy-sendcl, proxy-chain-auth, proxy-interim-response, proxy-initial-not-pooled</a></h3> + + <p>These directives alter the protocol behavior of + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code>. See the <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code> and <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy_http.html">mod_proxy_http</a></code> + documentation for more details.</p> + + + </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="examples" id="examples">Examples</a></h2> + + + <h3><a name="fixheader" id="fixheader">Passing broken headers to CGI scripts</a></h3> + + + <p>Starting with version 2.4, Apache is more strict about how HTTP + headers are converted to environment variables in <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cgi.html">mod_cgi + </a></code> and other modules: Previously any invalid characters + in header names were simply translated to underscores. This allowed + for some potential cross-site-scripting attacks via header injection + (see <a href="http://events.ccc.de/congress/2007/Fahrplan/events/2212.en.html"> + Unusual Web Bugs</a>, slide 19/20).</p> + + <p>If you have to support a client which sends broken headers and + which can't be fixed, a simple workaround involving <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html">mod_setenvif + </a></code> and <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_headers.html">mod_headers</a></code> allows you to still accept + these headers:</p> + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config"># +# The following works around a client sending a broken Accept_Encoding +# header. +# +SetEnvIfNoCase ^Accept.Encoding$ ^(.*)$ fix_accept_encoding=$1 +RequestHeader set Accept-Encoding %{fix_accept_encoding}e env=fix_accept_encoding</pre> + + + + + <h3><a name="misbehaving" id="misbehaving">Changing protocol behavior with misbehaving clients</a></h3> + + + <p>Earlier versions recommended that the following lines be included in + httpd.conf to deal with known client problems. Since the affected clients + are no longer seen in the wild, this configuration is likely no-longer + necessary.</p> +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config"># +# The following directives modify normal HTTP response behavior. +# The first directive disables keepalive for Netscape 2.x and browsers that +# spoof it. There are known problems with these browser implementations. +# The second directive is for Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.0b2 +# which has a broken HTTP/1.1 implementation and does not properly +# support keepalive when it is used on 301 or 302 (redirect) responses. +# +BrowserMatch "Mozilla/2" nokeepalive +BrowserMatch "MSIE 4\.0b2;" nokeepalive downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0 + +# +# The following directive disables HTTP/1.1 responses to browsers which +# are in violation of the HTTP/1.0 spec by not being able to understand a +# basic 1.1 response. +# +BrowserMatch "RealPlayer 4\.0" force-response-1.0 +BrowserMatch "Java/1\.0" force-response-1.0 +BrowserMatch "JDK/1\.0" force-response-1.0</pre> + + + + <h3><a name="no-img-log" id="no-img-log">Do not log requests for images in the access log</a></h3> + + + <p>This example keeps requests for images from appearing in the + access log. It can be easily modified to prevent logging of + particular directories, or to prevent logging of requests + coming from particular hosts.</p> + + <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">SetEnvIf Request_URI \.gif image-request +SetEnvIf Request_URI \.jpg image-request +SetEnvIf Request_URI \.png image-request +CustomLog "logs/access_log" common env=!image-request</pre> + + + + <h3><a name="image-theft" id="image-theft">Prevent "Image Theft"</a></h3> + + + <p>This example shows how to keep people not on your server + from using images on your server as inline-images on their + pages. This is not a recommended configuration, but it can work + in limited circumstances. We assume that all your images are in + a directory called <code>/web/images</code>.</p> + + <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">SetEnvIf Referer "^http://www\.example\.com/" local_referal +# Allow browsers that do not send Referer info +SetEnvIf Referer "^$" local_referal +<Directory "/web/images"> + Require env local_referal +</Directory></pre> + + + <p>For more information about this technique, see the + "<a href="http://www.serverwatch.com/tutorials/article.php/1132731">Keeping Your Images from Adorning Other Sites</a>" + tutorial on ServerWatch.</p> + + </div></div> +<div class="bottomlang"> +<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./en/env.html" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="./fr/env.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> | +<a href="./ja/env.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | +<a href="./ko/env.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="./tr/env.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="./images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. 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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/manual/env.html.fr.utf8 b/docs/manual/env.html.fr.utf8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4a2e67c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/env.html.fr.utf8 @@ -0,0 +1,560 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="fr" xml:lang="fr"><head> +<meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type" /> +<!-- + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + --> +<title>Apache et les variables d'environnement - Serveur HTTP Apache Version 2.4</title> +<link href="./style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> +<link href="./style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> +<link href="./style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./style/css/prettify.css" /> +<script src="./style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript"> +</script> + +<link href="./images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head> +<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header"> +<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossaire</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Plan du site</a></p> +<p class="apache">Serveur HTTP Apache Version 2.4</p> +<img alt="" src="./images/feather.png" /></div> +<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div> +<div id="path"> +<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">Serveur HTTP</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.4</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Apache et les variables d'environnement</h1> +<div class="toplang"> +<p><span>Langues Disponibles: </span><a href="./en/env.html" hreflang="en" rel="alternate" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="./fr/env.html" title="Français"> fr </a> | +<a href="./ja/env.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | +<a href="./ko/env.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="./tr/env.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div> + + <p>Deux types de variables d'environnement affectent le serveur + HTTP Apache.</p> + + <p>Le premier type correspond aux variables d'environnement + contrôlées par le système d'exploitation sous-jacent et définies + avant le démarrage du serveur. Leurs valeurs peuvent être utilisées + directement dans les fichiers de configuration, et peuvent + éventuellement être transmises aux scripts CGI et SSI via la + directive PassEnv.</p> + + <p>Le second type correspond aux variables nommées appelées aussi + <em>variables d'environnement</em> dans lesquelles le serveur HTTP + Apache stocke des informations via un mécanisme spécial. Ces + informations peuvent servir à contrôler diverses opérations comme + l'enregistrement des traces ou le contrôle d'accès. On utilise aussi ces + variables dans le mécanisme de communication avec les programmes externes + comme les scripts CGI. Ce document présente différentes méthodes pour + manipuler et utiliser ces variables.</p> + + <p>Bien que ces variables soient référencées comme <em>variables + d'environnement</em>, il ne faut pas les confondre avec les variables + d'environnement contrôlées par le système d'exploitation sous-jacent. + En fait, ces variables sont stockées et manipulées dans une structure + interne à Apache. Elles ne deviennent de véritables variables + d'environnement du système d'exploitation que lorsqu'elles sont mises à la + disposition de scripts CGI et de scripts inclus côté serveur (SSI). Si vous + souhaitez manipuler l'environnement du système d'exploitation sous lequel + le serveur s'exécute, vous devez utiliser les mécanismes standards de + manipulation de l'environnement fournis par l'interpréteur de commandes + (shell) de votre système d'exploitation.</p> + </div> +<div id="quickview"><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/contributing.html" class="badge"><img src="https://www.apache.org/images/SupportApache-small.png" alt="Support Apache!" /></a><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#setting">Définition des variables d'environnement</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#using">Utilisation des variables d'environnement</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#special">Variables d'environnement à usage spécial</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#examples">Exemples</a></li> +</ul><h3>Voir aussi</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Commentaires</a></li></ul></div> +<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="setting" id="setting">Définition des variables d'environnement</a></h2> + + <table class="related"><tr><th>Modules Apparentés</th><th>Directives Apparentées</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html">mod_env</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html">mod_setenvif</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_unique_id.html">mod_unique_id</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#browsermatch">BrowserMatch</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#browsermatchnocase">BrowserMatchNoCase</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#passenv">PassEnv</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#setenv">SetEnv</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvif">SetEnvIf</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvifnocase">SetEnvIfNoCase</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#unsetenv">UnsetEnv</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table> + + <h3><a name="basic-manipulation" id="basic-manipulation">Manipulations de base de l'environnement</a></h3> + + + <p>La méthode la plus élémentaire pour définir une variable + d'environnement au niveau d'Apache consiste à utiliser la directive + inconditionnelle <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#setenv">SetEnv</a></code>. Les variables peuvent aussi être transmises depuis + l'environnement du shell à partir duquel le serveur a été démarré en + utilisant la directive + <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#passenv">PassEnv</a></code>.</p> + + + <h3><a name="conditional" id="conditional">Définitions conditionnelles en fonction des requêtes</a></h3> + + + <p>Pour plus de souplesse, les directives fournies par le module + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html">mod_setenvif</a></code> permettent de définir les + variables d'environnement en tenant compte des caractéristiques + de chaque requête. Par exemple, une + variable pourrait n'être définie que lorsqu'un navigateur spécifique + (User-Agent) a généré la requête, ou seulement quand un en-tête + Referer particulier est présent. La directive + <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code> du module + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> qui utilise l'option + <code>[E=...]</code> pour définir + les variables d'environnement apporte encore plus de souplesse.</p> + + + <h3><a name="unique-identifiers" id="unique-identifiers">Identifiants uniques</a></h3> + + + <p>Finalement, le module <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_unique_id.html">mod_unique_id</a></code> définit la variable + d'environnement <code>UNIQUE_ID</code> pour chaque requête à une valeur + qui est garantie unique parmi "toutes" les requêtes sous des + conditions très spécifiques.</p> + + + <h3><a name="standard-cgi" id="standard-cgi">Variables CGI standards</a></h3> + + + <p>En plus de l'ensemble des variables d'environnement internes à la + configuration d'Apache et de celles transmises depuis le shell, + les scripts CGI et les pages SSI + se voient affectés un ensemble de variables + d'environnement contenant des méta-informations à propos de la requête + comme préconisé dans la + <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3875">spécification + sur les CGIs</a>.</p> + + + <h3><a name="caveats" id="caveats">Quelques mises en garde</a></h3> + + + <ul> + <li>Les directives de manipulation de l'environnement ne permettent + pas de supplanter ou modifier les variables CGI standards.</li> + + <li>Lorsqu'on utilise <code class="program"><a href="./programs/suexec.html">suexec</a></code> pour exécuter des + scripts CGI, l'environnement est nettoyé et réduit à un ensemble de + variables <em>sûres</em> avant l'exécution du script. La liste des + variables <em>sûres</em> est définie à la compilation dans + <code>suexec.c</code>.</li> + + <li>Pour des raisons de portabilité, les noms des variables + d'environnement ne peuvent contenir que des lettres, des chiffres, et + le caractère "sousligné". En outre, le premier caractère ne doit pas + être un chiffre. Les caractères qui ne satisfont pas à ces conditions + seront remplacés par un caractère "sousligné" quand ils seront + transmis aux scripts CGI et aux pages SSI.</li> + + <li>Les contenus d'en-têtes HTTP transmis aux scripts de type + CGI ou autre via des variables d'environnement constituent un + cas particulier (voir plus loin). Leur nom est converti en + majuscules et seuls les tirets sont remplacés par des + caractères '_' ("souligné") ; si le format du nom de l'en-tête + n'est pas valide, celui-ci est ignoré. Voir <a href="#fixheader">plus loin</a> pour une solution de + contournement du problème.</li> + + <li>La directive <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#setenv">SetEnv</a></code> s'exécute assez tard au + cours du traitement de la requête, ce qui signifie que des + directives telles que <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvif">SetEnvIf</a></code> et <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code> ne verront pas + les variables qu'elle aura définies.</li> + + <li>Lorsque le serveur cherche un chemin via une <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#subrequest" title="voir glossaire">sous-requête</a> interne (par exemple la + recherche d'un <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_dir.html#directoryindex">DirectoryIndex</a></code>), ou lorsqu'il génère un + listing du contenu d'un répertoire via le module + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_autoindex.html">mod_autoindex</a></code>, la sous-requête n'hérite pas des + variables d'environnement spécifiques à la requête. En outre, à cause + des phases de l'API auxquelles <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html">mod_setenvif</a></code> prend + part, les directives <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvif">SetEnvIf</a></code> ne sont pas évaluées + séparément dans la sous-requête.</li> + </ul> + + </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="using" id="using">Utilisation des variables d'environnement</a></h2> + + + <table class="related"><tr><th>Modules Apparentés</th><th>Directives Apparentées</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authz_host.html">mod_authz_host</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cgi.html">mod_cgi</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ext_filter.html">mod_ext_filter</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_headers.html">mod_headers</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_include.html">mod_include</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_log_config.html">mod_log_config</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_authz_core.html#require">Require</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_log_config.html#customlog">CustomLog</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_access_compat.html#allow">Allow</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_access_compat.html#deny">Deny</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_ext_filter.html#extfilterdefine">ExtFilterDefine</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_headers.html#header">Header</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_log_config.html#logformat">LogFormat</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table> + + <h3><a name="cgi-scripts" id="cgi-scripts">Scripts CGI</a></h3> + + + <p>La communication d'informations aux scripts CGI constitue une des + principales utilisations des variables d'environnement. Comme indiqué + plus haut, l'environnement transmis aux scripts CGI comprend des + méta-informations standards à propos de la requête, en plus des + variables définies dans la configuration d'Apache. Pour plus de + détails, se référer au + <a href="howto/cgi.html">tutoriel CGI</a>.</p> + + + <h3><a name="ssi-pages" id="ssi-pages">Pages SSI</a></h3> + + + <p>Les documents inclus côté serveur (SSI) traités par le filtre + <code>INCLUDES</code> du module <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_include.html">mod_include</a></code>, + peuvent afficher les + variables d'environnement à l'aide de l'élément <code>echo</code>, + et peuvent utiliser des variables d'environnement dans les éléments + de contrôle de flux pour rendre certaines parties d'une page + conditionnelles en fonction des caractéristiques de la requête. + Apache fournit aussi les variables d'environnement CGI standards + aux pages SSI + comme indiqué plus haut. Pour plus de détails, se référer au + <a href="howto/ssi.html">tutoriel SSI</a>.</p> + + + <h3><a name="access-control" id="access-control">Contrôle d'accès</a></h3> + + + <p>L'accès au serveur peut être contrôlé en fonction de la valeur de + variables d'environnement à l'aide des directives + <code>Require env</code> et <code>Require not env</code>. + En association avec la directive + <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvif">SetEnvIf</a></code>, ceci confère une + grande souplesse au contrôle d'accès au serveur en fonction des + caractéristiques du client. Par exemple, vous pouvez utiliser ces + directives pour interdire l'accès depuis un navigateur particulier + (User-Agent). + </p> + + + <h3><a name="logging" id="logging">Enregistrement conditionnel des traces</a></h3> + + + <p>Les variables d'environnement peuvent être enregistrées dans le + fichier de log des accès à l'aide de l'option <code>%e</code> de la + directive <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_log_config.html#logformat">LogFormat</a></code>. + En outre, la décision de tracer ou non les requêtes peut être prise + en fonction de l'état de variables d'environnement en utilisant la + forme conditionnelle de la directive + <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_log_config.html#customlog">CustomLog</a></code>. En + association avec la directive <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvif">SetEnvIf</a></code>, ceci confère une grande souplesse au contrôle + du traçage des requêtes. Par exemple, vous pouvez choisir de ne pas + tracer les requêtes pour des noms de fichiers se terminant par + <code>gif</code>, ou encore de ne tracer que les requêtes des clients + n'appartenant pas à votre sous-réseau.</p> + + + <h3><a name="response-headers" id="response-headers">En-têtes de réponse conditionnels</a></h3> + + + <p>La directive <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_headers.html#header">Header</a></code> + peut se baser sur la présence ou l'absence d'une variable + d'environnement pour décider si un certain en-tête HTTP sera placé + dans la réponse au client. Ceci permet, par exemple, de n'envoyer un + certain en-tête de réponse que si un en-tête correspondant est présent + dans la requête du client.</p> + + + + <h3><a name="external-filter" id="external-filter">Activation de filtres externes</a></h3> + + + <p>Les filtres externes configurés par le module + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ext_filter.html">mod_ext_filter</a></code> à l'aide de la directive <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_ext_filter.html#extfilterdefine">ExtFilterDefine</a></code> peuvent être + activés de manière conditionnelle en fonction d'une variable + d'environnement à l'aide des options + <code>disableenv=</code> et <code>enableenv=</code>.</p> + + + <h3><a name="url-rewriting" id="url-rewriting">Réécriture d'URL</a></h3> + + + <p>La forme <code>%{ENV:<em>variable</em>}</code> de + <em>TestString</em> dans la + directive <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code> + permet au moteur de réécriture du module + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> de prendre des + décisions conditionnées par des variables d'environnement. + Notez que les variables accessibles dans + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> sans le préfixe + <code>ENV:</code> ne sont pas de véritables variables + d'environnement. Ce sont plutôt des variables spécifiques à + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> + qui ne sont pas accessibles pour les autres modules.</p> + + </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="special" id="special">Variables d'environnement à usage spécial</a></h2> + + + <p>Des problèmes d'interopérabilité ont conduit à l'introduction de + mécanismes permettant de modifier le comportement d'Apache lorsqu'il + dialogue avec certains clients. Afin de rendre ces mécanismes aussi + souples que possible, ils sont invoqués en définissant des variables + d'environnement, en général à l'aide de la directive + <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#browsermatch">BrowserMatch</a></code>, bien que les + directives <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#setenv">SetEnv</a></code> et + <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#passenv">PassEnv</a></code> puissent aussi être + utilisées, par exemple.</p> + + <h3><a name="downgrade" id="downgrade">downgrade-1.0</a></h3> + + + <p>Ceci force le traitement d'une requête comme une requête HTTP/1.0 + même si elle a été rédigée dans un langage plus récent.</p> + + + <h3><a name="force-gzip" id="force-gzip">force-gzip</a></h3> + + <p>Si le filtre <code>DEFLATE</code> est activé, cette variable + d'environnement ignorera les réglages accept-encoding de votre + navigateur et enverra une sortie compressée inconditionnellement.</p> + + <h3><a name="force-no-vary" id="force-no-vary">force-no-vary</a></h3> + + + <p>Cette variable entraîne la suppression de tout champ + <code>Vary</code> des en-têtes de la réponse avant que cette dernière + soit renvoyée au client. Certains clients n'interprètent pas ce champ + correctement, et la définition de cette variable permet de contourner + ce problème, mais implique aussi la définition de + <strong>force-response-1.0</strong>.</p> + + + <h3><a name="force-response" id="force-response">force-response-1.0</a></h3> + + + <p>Cette variable force une réponse en langage HTTP/1.0 aux clients + qui envoient des requêtes dans le même langage. Elle fut implémentée à + l'origine suite à des problèmes avec les mandataires d'AOL. Certains + clients en langage HTTP/1.0 ne réagissent pas correctement face à une + réponse en langage HTTP/1.1, et cette variable peut être utilisée pour + assurer l'interopérabilité avec eux.</p> + + + + <h3><a name="gzip-only-text-html" id="gzip-only-text-html">gzip-only-text/html</a></h3> + + + <p>Positionnée à "1", cette variable désactive le filtre en sortie + <code>DEFLATE</code> fourni par le module <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_deflate.html">mod_deflate</a></code> pour les + types de contenu autres que <code>text/html</code>. Si vous préférez + utiliser des fichiers compressés statiquement, + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code> évalue aussi la variable (non + seulement pour gzip, mais aussi pour tous les encodages autres que + "identity").</p> + + + <h3><a name="no-gzip" id="no-gzip">no-gzip</a></h3> + + <p>Quand cette variable est définie, le filtre <code>DEFLATE</code> du + module <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_deflate.html">mod_deflate</a></code> est désactivé, et + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code> refusera de délivrer des ressources + encodées.</p> + + + + <h3><a name="no-cache" id="no-cache">no-cache</a></h3> + <p><em>Disponible dans les versions 2.2.12 et ultérieures d'Apache</em></p> + + <p>Lorsque cette variable est définie, + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code> ne sauvegardera pas de réponse + susceptible d'être mise en cache. Cette variable d'environnement + n'a aucune incidence sur le fait qu'une réponse déjà enregistrée + dans la cache soit utilisée ou non pour la requête courante.</p> + + + + <h3><a name="nokeepalive" id="nokeepalive">nokeepalive</a></h3> + + + <p>Quand cette variable est définie, la directive + <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#keepalive">KeepAlive</a></code> est désactivée.</p> + + + + <h3><a name="prefer-language" id="prefer-language">prefer-language</a></h3> + + <p>Cette variable modifie le comportement du module + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code>. Si elle contient un symbole de + langage (tel que <code>en</code>, <code>ja</code> + ou <code>x-klingon</code>), <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code> essaie de + délivrer une variante dans ce langage. S'il n'existe pas de telle + variante, le processus normal de + <a href="content-negotiation.html">négociation</a> s'applique.</p> + + + + <h3><a name="redirect-carefully" id="redirect-carefully">redirect-carefully</a></h3> + + + <p>Cette variable force le serveur à être plus prudent lors de l'envoi + d'une redirection au client. Elle est en général utilisée quand un + client présente un problème connu avec les redirections. Elle fut + implémentée à l'origine suite a un problème rencontré avec le logiciel + WebFolders de Microsoft qui ne gère pas correctement les redirections + vers des ressources de type répertoire via des méthodes DAV.</p> + + + + <h3><a name="suppress-error-charset" id="suppress-error-charset">suppress-error-charset</a></h3> + + + <p><em>Disponible dans les versions postérieures à 2.0.54</em></p> + + <p>Quand Apache génère une redirection en réponse à une requête client, + la réponse inclut un texte destiné à être affiché au cas où le client ne + suivrait pas, ou ne pourrait pas suivre automatiquement la redirection. + Habituellement, Apache marque ce texte en accord avec le jeu de caractères + qu'il utilise, à savoir ISO-8859-1.</p> + <p> Cependant, si la redirection fait référence à une page qui utilise un + jeu de caractères différent, certaines versions de navigateurs obsolètes + essaieront d'utiliser le jeu de caractères du texte de la redirection + plutôt que celui de la page réelle. + Ceci peut entraîner, par exemple, un rendu incorrect du Grec.</p> + <p>Si cette variable d'environnement est définie, Apache omettra le jeu de + caractères pour le texte de la redirection, et les navigateurs obsolètes + précités utiliseront correctement celui de la page de destination.</p> + + <div class="warning"> + <h3>Note concernant la sécurité</h3> + + <p>L'envoi de pages d'erreur sans spécifier un jeu de caractères peut + conduire à des attaques de type "cross-site-scripting" pour les + navigateurs qui ne respectent pas la spécification HTTP/1.1 (MSIE) et + tentent de déduire le jeu de caractères à partir du contenu. De tels + navigateurs peuvent être facilement trompés et utiliser le jeu de + caractères UTF-7 ; les contenus des données en entrée de type UTF-7 + (comme les URI de requête) ne seront alors plus protégés par les + mécanismes d'échappement usuels conçus pour prévenir les attaques + de type "cross-site-scripting".</p> + </div> + + + + <h3><a name="proxy" id="proxy">force-proxy-request-1.0, proxy-nokeepalive, proxy-sendchunked, + proxy-sendcl, proxy-chain-auth, proxy-interim-response, proxy-initial-not-pooled</a></h3> + + <p>Ces directives modifient le comportement protocolaire du module + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code>. Voir la documentation sur + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code> et <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy_http.html">mod_proxy_http</a></code> pour plus de détails.</p> + + + </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="examples" id="examples">Exemples</a></h2> + + + <h3><a name="fixheader" id="fixheader">Transmission du contenu d'en-têtes non valides aux scripts + CGI</a></h3> + + + <p>Avec la version 2.4, Apache est plus strict avec la conversion + des en-têtes HTTP en variables d'environnement dans + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cgi.html">mod_cgi</a></code> et d'autres modules : dans les versions + précédentes, tout caractère invalide dans les noms d'en-têtes + était tout simplement remplacé par un caractère '_', ce qui + pouvait exposer à des attaques de type cross-site-scripting via + injection d'en-têtes (voir <a href="http://events.ccc.de/congress/2007/Fahrplan/events/2212.en.html">Bogues + du Web inhabituelles</a>, planche 19/20).</p> + + <p>Si vous devez supporter un client qui envoie des en-têtes non + conformes et si ceux-ci ne peuvent pas être corrigés, il existe + une solution de contournement simple mettant en jeu les modules + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html">mod_setenvif</a></code> et <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_headers.html">mod_headers</a></code>, + et permettant de prendre en compte ces en-têtes :</p> + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config"># L'exemple suivant montre comment prendre en compte un en-tête<br /> +# Accept_Encoding non conforme envoyé par un client. +# +SetEnvIfNoCase ^Accept.Encoding$ ^(.*)$ fix_accept_encoding=$1 +RequestHeader set Accept-Encoding %{fix_accept_encoding}e env=fix_accept_encoding</pre> + + + + + <h3><a name="misbehaving" id="misbehaving">Modification du comportement protocolaire face à des clients + réagissant de manière non conforme</a></h3> + + + <p>Les versions antérieures recommandaient l'ajout de ces lignes dans + httpd.conf pour tenir compte de problèmes connus avec certains clients. + Comme les clients concernés sont maintenant très peu utilisés, cet + ajout n'est pratiquement plus nécessaire.</p> +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config"># +# The following directives modify normal HTTP response behavior. +# The first directive disables keepalive for Netscape 2.x and browsers that +# spoof it. There are known problems with these browser implementations. +# The second directive is for Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.0b2 +# which has a broken HTTP/1.1 implementation and does not properly +# support keepalive when it is used on 301 or 302 (redirect) responses. +# +BrowserMatch "Mozilla/2" nokeepalive +BrowserMatch "MSIE 4\.0b2;" nokeepalive downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0 + +# +# The following directive disables HTTP/1.1 responses to browsers which +# are in violation of the HTTP/1.0 spec by not being able to grok a +# basic 1.1 response. +# +BrowserMatch "RealPlayer 4\.0" force-response-1.0 +BrowserMatch "Java/1\.0" force-response-1.0 +BrowserMatch "JDK/1\.0" force-response-1.0</pre> + + + + <h3><a name="no-img-log" id="no-img-log">Ne pas tracer les requêtes pour des images dans le fichier de + trace des accès</a></h3> + + + <p>Dans cet exemple, les requêtes pour des images n'apparaissent pas + dans le fichier de trace des accès. Il peut être facilement adapté pour + empêcher le traçage de répertoires particuliers, ou de requêtes + en provenance de certains hôtes.</p> + <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">SetEnvIf Request_URI \.gif image-request +SetEnvIf Request_URI \.jpg image-request +SetEnvIf Request_URI \.png image-request +CustomLog "logs/access_log" common env=!image-request</pre> + + + + <h3><a name="image-theft" id="image-theft">Prévention du "Vol d'image"</a></h3> + + + <p>Cet exemple montre comment empêcher les utilisateurs ne faisant pas + partie de votre serveur d'utiliser des images de votre serveur comme + images en ligne dans leurs pages. Cette configuration n'est pas + recommandée, mais elle peut fonctionner dans des circonstances bien + définies. Nous supposons que toutes vos images sont enregistrées dans + un répertoire nommé <code>/web/images</code>.</p> + <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">SetEnvIf Referer "^http://www\.example\.com/" local_referal +# Autorise les navigateurs qui n'envoient aucune information de Referer +SetEnvIf Referer "^$" local_referal +<Directory "/web/images"> + Require env local_referal +</Directory></pre> + + + <p>Pour plus d'informations sur cette technique, voir le tutoriel sur + ServerWatch + "<a href="http://www.serverwatch.com/tutorials/article.php/1132731">Keeping Your Images from Adorning Other Sites</a>".</p> + + </div></div> +<div class="bottomlang"> +<p><span>Langues Disponibles: </span><a href="./en/env.html" hreflang="en" rel="alternate" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="./fr/env.html" title="Français"> fr </a> | +<a href="./ja/env.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | +<a href="./ko/env.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="./tr/env.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="./images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Commentaires</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. 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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/manual/env.html.ja.utf8 b/docs/manual/env.html.ja.utf8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b0bf7c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/env.html.ja.utf8 @@ -0,0 +1,456 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="ja" xml:lang="ja"><head> +<meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type" /> +<!-- + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + --> +<title>Apache の環境変数 - Apache HTTP サーバ バージョン 2.4</title> +<link href="./style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> +<link href="./style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> +<link href="./style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./style/css/prettify.css" /> +<script src="./style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript"> +</script> + +<link href="./images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head> +<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header"> +<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">モジュール</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">ディレクティブ</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">用語</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">サイトマップ</a></p> +<p class="apache">Apache HTTP サーバ バージョン 2.4</p> +<img alt="" src="./images/feather.png" /></div> +<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div> +<div id="path"> +<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP サーバ</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">ドキュメンテーション</a> > <a href="./">バージョン 2.4</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Apache の環境変数</h1> +<div class="toplang"> +<p><span>翻訳済み言語: </span><a href="./en/env.html" hreflang="en" rel="alternate" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="./fr/env.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> | +<a href="./ja/env.html" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | +<a href="./ko/env.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="./tr/env.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div> +<div class="outofdate">この日本語訳はすでに古くなっている + 可能性があります。 + 最近更新された内容を見るには英語版をご覧下さい。 + </div> + + <p>Apache HTTP サーバは<em>環境変数</em>と呼ばれる、名前のついた + 変数に情報を記憶する仕組みを提供しています。この情報はログ収集や + アクセス制御などのいろいろな操作を制御するために使うことができます。 + これらの変数は CGI スクリプトなどの外部プログラムと通信するためにも + 使われます。この文書はそれらの変数の操作方法と使用方法をいくつか + 紹介します。</p> + + <p>これらの変数は<em>環境変数</em>と呼ばれていますが、オペレーティング + システムによって制御されている環境変数と同じではありません。 + 実際は、これらの変数は Apache の内部構造の中に記憶され、操作されています。 + それらは、CGI や SSI スクリプトに渡されたときだけ、実際の + オペレーティングシステムの環境変数になります。サーバ自身が + 実行されているオペレーティングシステムの環境を操作したい場合は、 + オペレーティングシステムのシェルが提供している標準の環境変数の + 操作方法を使わなければなりません。</p> + </div> +<div id="quickview"><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/contributing.html" class="badge"><img src="https://www.apache.org/images/SupportApache-small.png" alt="Support Apache!" /></a><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#setting">環境変数の設定</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#using">環境変数の使用</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#special">特別な目的の環境変数</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#examples">例</a></li> +</ul><h3>参照</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">コメント</a></li></ul></div> +<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="setting" id="setting">環境変数の設定</a></h2> + + <table class="related"><tr><th>関連モジュール</th><th>関連ディレクティブ</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html">mod_env</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html">mod_setenvif</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_unique_id.html">mod_unique_id</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#browsermatch">BrowserMatch</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#browsermatchnocase">BrowserMatchNoCase</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#passenv">PassEnv</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#setenv">SetEnv</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvif">SetEnvIf</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvifnocase">SetEnvIfNoCase</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#unsetenv">UnsetEnv</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table> + + <h3><a name="basic-manipulation" id="basic-manipulation">基本的な環境の操作</a></h3> + + + <p>Apache において環境変数を設定する一番基本的な方法は、 + 無条件に環境変数を設定する <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#setenv">SetEnv</a></code> ディレクティブを使用することです。 + <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#passenv">PassEnv</a></code> + ディレクティブにより、Apache が起動されたシェルの + 環境変数を渡すこともできます。</p> + + + <h3><a name="conditional" id="conditional">リクエスト毎に条件に基づいて設定する</a></h3> + + + <p>より柔軟性を高めるために、mod_setenvif + で提供されているディレクティブを使用することで、リクエストの + 特性に基づいて環境変数を設定することができます。例えば、特定のブラウザ + (User-Agent) のリクエストや特定の Referer [意図的な綴りです] + <span class="transnote">(<em>訳注:</em> 正しい綴りは referrer ですが、HTTP の仕様では Referer + となっています)</span>ヘッダが見つかったときのみ変数を設定することができます。 + mod_rewrite の <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code> + ディレクティブにおいて環境変数を設定する <code>[E=...]</code> + オプションを使用することで、 + より柔軟な設定を行なうことができます。</p> + + + <h3><a name="unique-identifiers" id="unique-identifiers">一意な識別子</a></h3> + + + <p>mod_unique_id は、非常に限られた条件の下で + 「すべて」のリクエストについて、一意であることが保証されている値を環境変数 + <code>UNIQUE_ID</code> に設定します。</p> + + + <h3><a name="standard-cgi" id="standard-cgi">標準 CGI 変数</a></h3> + + + <p>Apache の設定ファイルで設定された環境変数とシェルから渡される + 環境変数に加えて、CGI スクリプトと SSI ページには <a href="http://cgi-spec.golux.com">CGI の仕様</a>で要求されている、 + リクエストのメタ情報を持った環境変数の組が提供されます。</p> + + + <h3><a name="caveats" id="caveats">いくつかの注意</a></h3> + + + <ul> + <li>環境を操作するディレクティブを使って標準 CGI + 変数を上書きしたり変更したりすることはできません。</li> + + <li>CGI スクリプトを起動するために <code class="program"><a href="./programs/suexec.html">suexec</a></code> + が使用されている場合、CGI スクリプトが起動するために、環境変数は<em>安全</em>な環境変数の組に整理されます。 + この安全な環境変数の集合は、コンパイル時に <code>suexec.c</code> + で定義されます。</li> + + <li>移植性のために、環境変数の名前はアルファベット、 + 数字とアンダースコア <span class="transnote">(<em>訳注:</em> '_')</span> だけから成ります。 + さらに、最初の文字は数字であってはいけません。 + この制限に合わない文字は CGI スクリプトと SSI + ページに渡されるときにアンダースコアに置換されます。</li> + + <li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#setenv">SetEnv</a></code> はリクエスト処理の + 段階の中でも遅くに実行されます。つまり + <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvif">SetEnvIf</a></code> や + <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code> + などからは、変数がそこで設定されていることがわかりません。</li> + </ul> + + </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="using" id="using">環境変数の使用</a></h2> + + + <table class="related"><tr><th>関連モジュール</th><th>関連ディレクティブ</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authz_host.html">mod_authz_host</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cgi.html">mod_cgi</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ext_filter.html">mod_ext_filter</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_headers.html">mod_headers</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_include.html">mod_include</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_log_config.html">mod_log_config</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_authz_host.html#allow">Allow</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_log_config.html#customlog">CustomLog</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_authz_host.html#deny">Deny</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_ext_filter.html#extfilterdefine">ExtFilterDefine</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_headers.html#header">Header</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_log_config.html#logformat">LogFormat</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table> + + <h3><a name="cgi-scripts" id="cgi-scripts">CGI スクリプト</a></h3> + + + <p>環境変数の主な利用法の一つは、CGI スクリプトに情報を伝えることです。 + 上で説明されているように、CGI スクリプトに渡される環境変数は Apache + の設定により設定される変数に加えて、リクエストの標準のメタ情報を含んでいます。 + 詳細は <a href="howto/cgi.html">CGI チュートリアル</a> + を参照してください。</p> + + + <h3><a name="ssi-pages" id="ssi-pages">SSI ページ</a></h3> + + + <p>mod_include の <code>INCLUDES</code> フィルタで処理される + server-parsed (SSI) ドキュメントでは、<code>echo</code> + 要素を使用すると環境変数が出力されます。 + また、ページのある部分がリクエストの性質に応じて変更されるように、 + 環境変数をフロー制御要素で使うことができます。詳細は + <a href="howto/ssi.html">SSI チュートリアル</a> を参照してください。</p> + + + <h3><a name="access-control" id="access-control">アクセス制御</a></h3> + + + <p><code>allow from env=</code> ディレクティブと <code>deny from env=</code> + ディレクティブを使用して、サーバへのアクセスを環境変数の値で制御することができます。 + <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvif">SetEnvIf</a></code> + ディレクティブと組み合わせることで、クライアントの特性に基づいて + サーバへのアクセス制御を柔軟に行なうことができるようになります。 + たとえば、これらのディレクティブを使用して、特定のブラウザ (User-Agent) + からのアクセスを拒否することができます。</p> + + + <h3><a name="logging" id="logging">条件付きログ記録</a></h3> + + + <p><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_log_config.html#logformat">LogFormat</a></code> + ディレクティブのオプション <code>%e</code> + を使用することで、環境変数をアクセスログに記録することができます。さらに、 + <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_log_config.html#customlog">CustomLog</a></code> + ディレクティブの条件分岐式を使用することで、 + 環境変数の値によってリクエストをログに記録するかどうかを決めることができます。 + <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvif">SetEnvIf</a></code> + ディレクティブと組み合わせることで、 + どのリクエストをログに記録するかを柔軟に制御することが可能になります。たとえば、 + <code>gif</code> で終わるファイル名へのリクエストはログに記録しない、 + 違うサブネットのクライアントからのリクエストだけをログに記録する、 + という選択が可能です。</p> + + + <h3><a name="response-headers" id="response-headers">条件付き応答ヘッダ</a></h3> + + + <p><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_headers.html#header">Header</a></code> + ディレクティブは環境変数の存在や不在によってクライアントへの応答に特定の + HTTP ヘッダを付けるかどうかを決めることができます。 + これにより、たとえば、クライアントからのリクエスト + にあるヘッダがある場合にのみ特定の応答ヘッダを送る、というようなことが + できます。</p> + + + + <h3><a name="external-filter" id="external-filter">外部フィルタの適用</a></h3> + + + <p><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_ext_filter.html#extfilterdefine">ExtFilterDefine</a></code> + ディレクティブを使用して + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ext_filter.html">mod_ext_filter</a></code> で設定される外部フィルタは、 + <code>disableenv=</code> と <code>enableenv=</code> + オプションを使って、環境変数による条件付き適用ができます。</p> + + + <h3><a name="url-rewriting" id="url-rewriting">URL の書き換え</a></h3> + + + <p><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code> + ディレクティブで<em>評価文字列</em>として + <code>%{ENV:...}</code> 式を指定することで、mod_rewrite + の書き換えエンジンが環境変数に基いて条件分岐を行なうことができます。 + mod_rewrite が使用可能な変数で <code>ENV:</code> が前についていない変数は、 + 実際は環境変数ではないということに注意してください。 + それらは他のモジュールからは使用できない mod_rewrite 用の特別な変数です。 + </p> + + </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="special" id="special">特別な目的の環境変数</a></h2> + + + <p>互換性の問題を解決するために、特定のクライアントと通信しているときは + Apache の動作を変更できる機構が導入されました。できるだけ柔軟にするために、 + これらの機構は環境変数を定義することで呼び出されます。普通は、 + <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#browsermatch">BrowserMatch</a></code> + ディレクティブを使いますが、たとえば <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#setenv">SetEnv</a></code> ディレクティブや <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#passenv">PassEnv</a></code> ディレクティブも使用することができます。</p> + + <h3><a name="downgrade" id="downgrade">downgrade-1.0</a></h3> + + + <p>これを指定することで、リクエストが HTTP/1.0 + より新しいプロトコルの場合でも、HTTP/1.0 として扱われます。</p> + + + <h3><a name="force-gzip" id="force-gzip">force-gzip</a></h3> + + <p><code>DEFLATE</code> フィルタが使用するように設定されているときに、 + この環境変数はブラウザの accept-encoding の設定を無視して常に + 圧縮された出力を送るようにします。</p> + + <h3><a name="force-no-vary" id="force-no-vary">force-no-vary</a></h3> + + + <p>応答ヘッダがクライアントに送られる前に <code>Vary</code> + フィールドを取り除きます。 + クライアントの中にはこのフィールドを正しく解釈しないものがあります。 + この変数を設定することでその問題を回避することができます。 + この変数を設定すると、<strong>force-response-1.0</strong> + が設定されたことになります。</p> + + + <h3><a name="force-response" id="force-response">force-response-1.0</a></h3> + + + <p>これが設定されていると、HTTP/1.0 リクエストを発行するクライアントに対しては + 常に HTTP/1.0 で応答するようになります。この機能は、 + 元々は AOL のプロキシの問題のために実装されました。HTTP/1.0 クライアントの中には、 + HTTP/1.1 の応答を返されると正しく動作しないものがあるかもしれません。 + この機能を使用することで、そのようなクライアントとの間の互換性問題を解決できます。</p> + + + <h3><a name="gzip-only-text-html" id="gzip-only-text-html">gzip-only-text/html</a></h3> + + + <p>これが 1 に設定されると、この変数は <code>text/html</code> + 以外のコンテントタイプに対する、<code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_deflate.html">mod_deflate</a></code> + 提供の <code>DEFLATE</code> 出力フィルタを無効にします。 + また、静的に、既に圧縮されたファイルを使用したい場合、 + (gzip だけでなく、"identity" と異なる全てのエンコードに対して) + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code> も変数を評価します。</p> + + + <h3><a name="no-gzip" id="no-gzip">no-gzip</a></h3> + <p>セットされると、<code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_deflate.html">mod_deflate</a></code> の + <code>DEFLATE</code> フィルタがオフになります。 + そして <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code> + はエンコードされたリソースを送らないようにします。</p> + + + <h3><a name="nokeepalive" id="nokeepalive">nokeepalive</a></h3> + + + <p>これが設定されている場合は、<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#keepalive">KeepAlive</a></code> を使用しないようにします。</p> + + <h4><a name="prefer-language" id="prefer-language">prefer-language</a></h4> + + <p><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code> の挙動に影響を与えます。 + (<code>en</code>, <code>ja</code>, <code>x-klingon</code>といった) + 言語タグが格納されていれば、その言語の variant を送信しようとします。 + そのような variant がない場合は、 + 通常の<a href="content-negotiation.html">ネゴシエーション</a>処理が + 適用されます。</p> + + + + + <h3><a name="redirect-carefully" id="redirect-carefully">redirect-carefully</a></h3> + + + <p>これはクライアントへのリダイレクトの送信をサーバがより注意深く + 行なうようにします。 + これは通常、リダイレクトに際してクライアントに + 問題があることが分かっている場合に使われます。この機能は元々は + マイクロソフトのウェブフォルダのソフトが DAV + メソッドによるディレクトリのリソースへのリダイレクトの扱いに + 問題がり、それを回避するために実装されました。</p> + + + + <h3><a name="suppress-error-charset" id="suppress-error-charset">suppress-error-charset</a></h3> + + + <p><em>Apache 2.2 以降で利用可能</em></p> + + <p>クライアントのリクエストに対する応答としてリダイレクトを送信する際、 + レスポンスにはリダイレクトが自動的に行なえない (行なわれない) + 場合に表示するテキストが含まれます。 + 通常、このテキストに合致したキャラクタセット、ISO-8859-1 + でラベル付けをします。</p> + <p>しかし、リダイレクト先が別の文字セットを使っている場合、 + ある問題のあるブラウザのバージョンでは、 + リダイレクト先の実際の文字セットの代わりに、 + リダイレクト元の文字セットを使ってしまうことがあります。 + その結果、例えば変な描画が行なわれたりして、読めなくなったりします。</p> + <p>この環境変数を設定することで、リダイレクションテキストに対する + キャラクタセットの指定を除去しますので、それら問題のあるブラウザでも + リダイレクト先の文字セットを正しく使うようにできます。</p> + + <div class="warning"> + <h3>セキュリティ</h3> + + <p>文字セットを指定せずにエラーページを送信すると、 + クロスサイトスクリプティング <span class="transnote">(<em>訳注:</em> XSS)</span> + 攻撃の危険性がでてきます。 + HTTP/1.1 仕様に準拠していなくて、コンテンツの中身から文字セットを + "推測" しようとするブラウザ (MSIE) が実際にあるからです。 + そのようなブラウザは UTF-7 文字セットを使って簡単に騙すことができます。 + クロスサイトスクリプティング攻撃を防ぐために実装されている + 通常のエスケープ機構が、入力データ中にある UTF-7 で + エンコードされたコンテンツ (リクエスト URI など) には + うまく動作しないからです。</p> + </div> + + + + <h3><a name="proxy" id="proxy">force-proxy-request-1.0, proxy-nokeepalive, proxy-sendchunked, proxy-sendcl</a></h3> + + <p>これらの指示子は <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code> の挙動を変更します。 + 詳細は <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code> のドキュメントをご参照ください。</p> + + + </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="examples" id="examples">例</a></h2> + + + <h3><a name="misbehaving" id="misbehaving">おかしな挙動をするクライアントに対してプロトコルの動作を変更する</a></h3> + + + <p>クライアントに関する既知の問題に対処するために、以下の行を + httpd.conf に入れることを推奨しています。</p> + <p>古いバージョンの Apache では、クライアントの問題に対応するために + httpd.conf に次の行を加えるよう推奨されていましたが、 + 今となっては、問題としていたクライアントは実際には見かけることは + なくなってきたので、この設定はもはや必要ないかもしれません。</p> +<div class="example"><pre># +# The following directives modify normal HTTP response behavior. +# The first directive disables keepalive for Netscape 2.x and browsers that +# spoof it. There are known problems with these browser implementations. +# The second directive is for Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.0b2 +# which has a broken HTTP/1.1 implementation and does not properly +# support keepalive when it is used on 301 or 302 (redirect) responses. +# +BrowserMatch "Mozilla/2" nokeepalive +BrowserMatch "MSIE 4\.0b2;" nokeepalive downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0 + +# +# The following directive disables HTTP/1.1 responses to browsers which +# are in violation of the HTTP/1.0 spec by not being able to grok a +# basic 1.1 response. +# +BrowserMatch "RealPlayer 4\.0" force-response-1.0 +BrowserMatch "Java/1\.0" force-response-1.0 +BrowserMatch "JDK/1\.0" force-response-1.0</pre></div> + + + <h3><a name="no-img-log" id="no-img-log">画像へのリクエストをアクセスログに記録しない</a></h3> + + + <p>この例では、画像へのリクエストがアクセスログに現れないようにします。 + これを変更することで、特定のディレクトリのログ収集をやめたり、 + 特定のホストからのリクエストのログ収集をやめたりすることが簡単にできます。 + </p> + <div class="example"><pre>SetEnvIf Request_URI \.gif image-request +SetEnvIf Request_URI \.jpg image-request +SetEnvIf Request_URI \.png image-request +CustomLog logs/access_log common env=!image-request</pre></div> + + + <h3><a name="image-theft" id="image-theft">「画像の盗用」を防ぐ</a></h3> + + + <p>この例は、別のサーバにいる人が、あなたのサーバにある画像を + inline 画像として使用することを防ぎます。 + これは推奨されている設定ではありませんが、ある限定された状況では有効です。 + ここでは、すべての画像は <code>/web/images</code> + というディレクトリにあると仮定します。</p> + <div class="example"><pre>SetEnvIf Referer "^http://www\.example\.com/" local_referal +# Allow browsers that do not send Referer info +SetEnvIf Referer "^$" local_referal +<Directory /web/images> + Order Deny,Allow + Deny from all + Allow from env=local_referal +</Directory></pre></div> + + <p>この手法に関する詳しい情報は ServerWatch にあるチュートリアル + 「<a href="http://www.serverwatch.com/tutorials/article.php/1132731">Keeping Your Images from Adorning Other Sites</a> + 」を参照してください。</p> + + </div></div> +<div class="bottomlang"> +<p><span>翻訳済み言語: </span><a href="./en/env.html" hreflang="en" rel="alternate" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="./fr/env.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> | +<a href="./ja/env.html" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | +<a href="./ko/env.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="./tr/env.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="./images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">コメント</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. 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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/manual/env.html.ko.euc-kr b/docs/manual/env.html.ko.euc-kr new file mode 100644 index 0000000..957b16d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/env.html.ko.euc-kr @@ -0,0 +1,400 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="EUC-KR"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="ko" xml:lang="ko"><head> +<meta content="text/html; charset=EUC-KR" http-equiv="Content-Type" /> +<!-- + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + --> +<title>ġ ȯ溯 - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</title> +<link href="./style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> +<link href="./style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> +<link href="./style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./style/css/prettify.css" /> +<script src="./style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript"> +</script> + +<link href="./images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head> +<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header"> +<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/"></a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">þ</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html"></a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Ʈ</a></p> +<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</p> +<img alt="" src="./images/feather.png" /></div> +<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div> +<div id="path"> +<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.4</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>ġ ȯ溯</h1> +<div class="toplang"> +<p><span> : </span><a href="./en/env.html" hreflang="en" rel="alternate" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="./fr/env.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> | +<a href="./ja/env.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | +<a href="./ko/env.html" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="./tr/env.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div> +<div class="outofdate"> ֽ ƴմϴ. + ֱٿ ϼ.</div> + + <p>ġ <em>ȯ溯(environment variable)</em> + ִ. Ͽ α׳ + ۾ Ѵ. , ȯ溯 CGI ũƮ + ܺ α ϴ ȴ. ȯ溯 + ٷ ϴ پ Ѵ.</p> + + <p> <em>ȯ溯</em> θ, ü + ϴ ȯ溯 ٸ. ġ ο ǰ + ȴ. ȯ溯 CGI ũƮ Server Side Include + ũƮ Ѱ ü ȯ溯 ȴ. + ϴ ü ȯ ϰ ʹٸ ü + ȯ ؾ Ѵ.</p> + </div> +<div id="quickview"><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/contributing.html" class="badge"><img src="https://www.apache.org/images/SupportApache-small.png" alt="Support Apache!" /></a><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#setting">ȯ溯 ϱ</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#using">ȯ溯 ϱ</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#special">Ư ȯ溯</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#examples"></a></li> +</ul><h3></h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div> +<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="setting" id="setting">ȯ溯 ϱ</a></h2> + + <table class="related"><tr><th>õ </th><th>õ þ</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html">mod_env</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html">mod_setenvif</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_unique_id.html">mod_unique_id</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#browsermatch">BrowserMatch</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#browsermatchnocase">BrowserMatchNoCase</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#passenv">PassEnv</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#setenv">SetEnv</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvif">SetEnvIf</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvifnocase">SetEnvIfNoCase</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#unsetenv">UnsetEnv</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table> + + <h3><a name="basic-manipulation" id="basic-manipulation">⺻ ȯ漳</a></h3> + + + <p>ġ ȯ溯 ϴ ⺻ + <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#setenv">SetEnv</a></code> þ ϴ ̴. <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#passenv">PassEnv</a></code> þ Ͽ + ȯ溯 ִ.</p> + + + <h3><a name="conditional" id="conditional">û Ǻ </a></h3> + + + <p> ϰ, mod_setenvif ϴ þ û + û Ư¡ ȯ溯 Ѵ. , Ư + (User-Agent) ûϰų Ư Referer ( + Ʋ ʾҴ) ִ 쿡 + ִ. mod_rewrite ִ <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code> + <code>[E=...]</code> ɼ Ͽ ϰ ȯ溯 + ִ.</p> + + + <h3><a name="unique-identifiers" id="unique-identifiers"> ĺ</a></h3> + + + <p> mod_unique_id û 쿡 + "" û߿ Ȯ (ġ) + <code>UNIQUE_ID</code> ȯ溯 Ѵ.</p> + + + <h3><a name="standard-cgi" id="standard-cgi">ǥ CGI </a></h3> + + + <p>CGI ũƮ SSI ġ Ͽų + ȯ溯 ܿ ߰ <a href="http://cgi-spec.golux.com/">CGI Ծ</a> + û ˷ִ ȯ溯 ´.</p> + + + <h3><a name="caveats" id="caveats"> </a></h3> + + + <ul> + <li>ȯ漳 þ Ͽ ǥ CGI ϰų + .</li> + + <li><a href="suexec.html">suexec</a> CGI ũƮ + ϴ , ϱ CGI ũƮ ȯ + <em></em> 鸸 ûҵȴ. + <em></em> Ͻ + <code>suexec.c</code> ǵȴ.</li> + + <li> ȯ溯 ̸ , , + ٹڸ ϴ . , ù° ڷ + ڸ ʴ . CGI ũƮ SSI + Ѿ ̿ ڴ ٷ üȴ.</li> + </ul> + + </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="using" id="using">ȯ溯 ϱ</a></h2> + + + <table class="related"><tr><th>õ </th><th>õ þ</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authz_host.html">mod_authz_host</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cgi.html">mod_cgi</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ext_filter.html">mod_ext_filter</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_headers.html">mod_headers</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_include.html">mod_include</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_log_config.html">mod_log_config</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_authz_host.html#allow">Allow</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_log_config.html#customlog">CustomLog</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_authz_host.html#deny">Deny</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_ext_filter.html#extfilterdefine">ExtFilterDefine</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_headers.html#header">Header</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_log_config.html#logformat">LogFormat</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table> + + <h3><a name="cgi-scripts" id="cgi-scripts">CGI ũƮ</a></h3> + + + <p>ȯ溯 ֵ 뵵 ϳ CGI ũƮ + ȯϴ ̴. տ ߵ ġ + ܿ û ǥ CGI ũƮ + Ѿ. ڼ <a href="howto/cgi.html">CGI + 丮</a> ϶.</p> + + + <h3><a name="ssi-pages" id="ssi-pages">SSI </a></h3> + + + <p>mod_include <code>INCLUDES</code> Ͱ óϴ + Ľ (SSI) <code>echo</code> Ҹ Ͽ + ȯ溯 ְ, ȯ溯 Ͽ û + Ư¡ 帧 ҷ Ϻθ + ִ. ġ SSI ǥ CGI + ȯ溯 Ѵ. ڼ <a href="howto/ssi.html">SSI 丮</a> ϶.</p> + + + <h3><a name="access-control" id="access-control"></a></h3> + + + <p><code>allow from env=</code> <code>deny from env=</code> + þ Ͽ ȯ溯 + ִ. <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvif">SetEnvIf</a></code> ϸ + Ŭ̾Ʈ Ư¡ Ӱ + ִ. , Ư (User-Agent) + ź ִ.</p> + + + <h3><a name="logging" id="logging">Ǻ α</a></h3> + + + <p><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_log_config.html#logformat">LogFormat</a></code> + <code>%e</code> ɼ Ͽ ȯ溯 α + ִ. , <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_log_config.html#customlog">CustomLog</a></code> þ + Ǻ ϸ ȯ溯 Ȳ û + α θ ִ. <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvif">SetEnvIf</a></code> Ͽ + û α Ӱ ִ. , + ϸ <code>gif</code> û α ʰų, + ܺ Ʈ ִ Ŭ̾Ʈ û α ִ.</p> + + + <h3><a name="response-headers" id="response-headers">Ǻ </a></h3> + + + <p><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_headers.html#header">Header</a></code> + þ Ŭ̾Ʈ ȯ溯 + HTTP ִ. + , Ŭ̾Ʈ û Ư ִ 쿡 + ִ.</p> + + + + <h3><a name="external-filter" id="external-filter">ܺ ϱ</a></h3> + + + <p><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ext_filter.html">mod_ext_filter</a></code> <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_ext_filter.html#extfilterdefine">ExtFilterDefine</a></code> + þ ܺ <code>disableenv=</code> + <code>enableenv=</code> ɼ Ͽ ȯ溯 + ִ.</p> + + + <h3><a name="url-rewriting" id="url-rewriting">URL ۼ(Rewriting)</a></h3> + + + <p><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code> + <em>TestString</em> <code>%{ENV:...}</code> + ϸ mod_rewrite ۼ ȯ溯 + ٸ ൿѴ. mod_rewrite տ <code>ENV:</code> + ʰ ϴ ȯ溯 ƴ ϶. + ٸ mod_rewrite + .</p> + + </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="special" id="special">Ư ȯ溯</a></h2> + + + <p>Ŭ̾Ʈ Ȱ ϱ ġ Ư + Ŭ̾Ʈ ڽ ൿ Ѵ. <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#browsermatch">BrowserMatch</a></code> + ȯ溯 Ͽ ̷ ذѴ. <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#setenv">SetEnv</a></code> <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#passenv">PassEnv</a></code>ε ϴ.</p> + + <h3><a name="downgrade" id="downgrade">downgrade-1.0</a></h3> + + + <p>û ϴ HTTP/1.0 û + óѴ.</p> + + + <h3><a name="force-gzip" id="force-gzip">force-gzip</a></h3> + + <p><code>DEFLATE</code> Ҷ ȯ溯 + accept-encoding ϰ + .</p> + + <h3><a name="force-no-vary" id="force-no-vary">force-no-vary</a></h3> + + + <p> Ŭ̾Ʈ + <code>Vary</code> ʵ带 . Ŭ̾Ʈ + ʵ带 ؼ Ѵ. ̷ + ذѴ. , + <strong>force-response-1.0</strong> Ѵ.</p> + + + <h3><a name="force-response" id="force-response">force-response-1.0</a></h3> + + + <p>HTTP/1.0 û ϴ Ŭ̾Ʈ HTTP/1.0 + Ѵ. AOL Ͻÿ ־ . + HTTP/1.0 Ŭ̾Ʈ HTTP/1.1 + Ƿ, ذϱ Ѵ.</p> + + + <h3><a name="gzip-only-text-html" id="gzip-only-text-html">gzip-only-text/html</a></h3> + + + <p> "1"̸ <code>text/html</code> ƴ content-type + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_deflate.html">mod_deflate</a></code> DEFLATE + ʴ´. (gzip Ӹ ƴ϶ "identity" ƴ + ڵ) 쿡 + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code> Ѵ.</p> + + + <h3><a name="no-gzip" id="no-gzip">no-gzip</a></h3> + + <p> ɼ ϸ <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_deflate.html">mod_deflate</a></code> + <code>DEFLATE</code> ʰ, + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code> ڵ ڿ + ʴ´.</p> + + + + <h3><a name="nokeepalive" id="nokeepalive">nokeepalive</a></h3> + + + <p><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#keepalive">KeepAlive</a></code> + Ѵ.</p> + + + + <h3><a name="prefer-language" id="prefer-language">prefer-language</a></h3> + + <p> <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code> ൿ + ģ. (<code>en</code>, <code>ja</code>, + <code>x-klingon</code> ) ± ִٸ, + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code> + õѴ. ٸ Ϲ <a href="content-negotiation.html"></a> Ѵ.</p> + + + + <h3><a name="redirect-carefully" id="redirect-carefully">redirect-carefully</a></h3> + + + <p> Ŭ̾Ʈ ̷ . + ̷ óϴµ ִ Ŭ̾Ʈ + Ѵ. Microsoft WebFolders Ʈ + DAV 带 丮 ڿ ̷ óϴµ + ־ .</p> + + + + <h3><a name="suppress-error-charset" id="suppress-error-charset">suppress-error-charset</a></h3> + + + <p><em>2.0.40 ִ</em></p> + + <p>ġ Ŭ̾Ʈ û ̷ + Ŭ̾Ʈ ڵ ̷ ϴ(Ȥ + ʴ) 쿡 Ͽ 信 ڿ Ѵ. + ġ ġ ϴ ISO-8859-1 + ǥѴ.</p> + <p> ̷ǵ ٸ + ̻ ƴ϶ ̷ + Ϸ Ѵ. , + ̻ϰ ִ.</p> + <p> ȯ溯 ġ ̷ + ʵ Ͽ, ̷ + ùٷ ϰ .</p> + + + + </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="examples" id="examples"></a></h2> + + + <h3><a name="misbehaving" id="misbehaving">߸ ϴ Ŭ̾Ʈ ൿ + ϱ</a></h3> + + + <p>Ŭ̾Ʈ ̹ ˷ ذϱ + httpd.conf ϱ ٶ.</p> +<div class="example"><pre># +# þ Ϲ HTTP Ѵ. +# ù° þ Netscape 2.x ̸ +# keepalive ʴ´. ̵ ִ. +# ι° þ HTTP/1.1 ߸Ǿ 301̳ 302 +# (̷) 信 keepalive +# ϴ Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.0b2 ̴. +# +BrowserMatch "Mozilla/2" nokeepalive +BrowserMatch "MSIE 4\.0b2;" nokeepalive downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0 + +# +# þ ⺻ HTTP/1.1 Ͽ +# HTTP/1.0 Ծ HTTP/1.1 ʴ´. +# +BrowserMatch "RealPlayer 4\.0" force-response-1.0 +BrowserMatch "Java/1\.0" force-response-1.0 +BrowserMatch "JDK/1\.0" force-response-1.0</pre></div> + + + <h3><a name="no-img-log" id="no-img-log"> α ̹ û α ʱ</a></h3> + + + <p> ̹ û α + ʴ´. Ư 丮 Ȥ Ư ȣƮ + û α ʵ ִ.</p> + <div class="example"><pre>SetEnvIf Request_URI \.gif image-request +SetEnvIf Request_URI \.jpg image-request +SetEnvIf Request_URI \.png image-request +CustomLog logs/access_log common env=!image-request</pre></div> + + + <h3><a name="image-theft" id="image-theft">"̹ " </a></h3> + + + <p> ڰ ִ + ̹ ϵ ϴ Ѵ. + , ѵ 쿡 Ѵ. + 츮 ̹ /web/images 丮 ȿ ִٰ + Ѵ.</p> + <div class="example"><pre>SetEnvIf Referer "^http://www.example.com/" local_referal +# Referer ʴ Ѵ +SetEnvIf Referer "^$" local_referal +<Directory /web/images> + Order Deny,Allow + Deny from all + Allow from env=local_referal +</Directory></pre></div> + + <p> ڼ ApacheToday 丮 "<a href="http://apachetoday.com/news_story.php3?ltsn=2000-06-14-002-01-PS"> + Keeping Your Images from Adorning Other Sites</a>" ϶.</p> + + </div></div> +<div class="bottomlang"> +<p><span> : </span><a href="./en/env.html" hreflang="en" rel="alternate" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="./fr/env.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> | +<a href="./ja/env.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | +<a href="./ko/env.html" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="./tr/env.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="./images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. 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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/manual/env.html.tr.utf8 b/docs/manual/env.html.tr.utf8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..66ffec8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/env.html.tr.utf8 @@ -0,0 +1,529 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="tr" xml:lang="tr"><head> +<meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type" /> +<!-- + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + --> +<title>Apache’de Ortam Değişkenleri - Apache HTTP Sunucusu Sürüm 2.4</title> +<link href="./style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> +<link href="./style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> +<link href="./style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./style/css/prettify.css" /> +<script src="./style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript"> +</script> + +<link href="./images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head> +<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header"> +<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modüller</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Yönergeler</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">SSS</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Terimler</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Site Haritası</a></p> +<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Sunucusu Sürüm 2.4</p> +<img alt="" src="./images/feather.png" /></div> +<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div> +<div id="path"> +<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Sunucusu</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Belgeleme</a> > <a href="./">Sürüm 2.4</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Apache’de Ortam Değişkenleri</h1> +<div class="toplang"> +<p><span>Mevcut Diller: </span><a href="./en/env.html" hreflang="en" rel="alternate" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="./fr/env.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> | +<a href="./ja/env.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | +<a href="./ko/env.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="./tr/env.html" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div> + + <p>Apache HTTP Sunucusunu etkileyen ortam değişkenleri iki çeşittir.</p> + + <p>İlki, işletim sisteminin denetimindeki ortam değişkenleridir. Bu + değişkenlere değer atama işlemi sunucu başlatılmadan önce yapılır. + Bunlar yapılandırma dosyalarının içinde kullanılabilir. Ayrıca, + istenirse PassEnv yönergesi kullanılarak bunlar CGI betiklerine ve + SSI sayfalarına da aktarılabilir.</p> + + <p>İkincisi ise, Apache HTTP Sunucusunun kendi ortam değişkenleridir. + Bu değişkenlerde saklanan bilgi erişim denetimi, günlük kaydı gibi + çeşitli işlemleri denetlemekte kullanılabilir. Değişkenler ayrıca, CGI + betikleri gibi harici uygulamalarla iletişim mekanizması olarak da + kullanılabilir. Bu belgede bu değişkenler üzerindeki işlemlere ve + kullanım şekillerine değinilmiştir.</p> + + <p>Bu değişkenlere <em>ortam değişkenleri</em> dense de işletim sisteminin + ortam değişkenleri gibi değillerdir. Bunlar sadece Apache ortamında + geçerli değişkenler olup işletim sisteminin bu değişkenlerden haberi + olmaz. Sadece CGI betikleri ve SSI sayfaları gibi harici uygulamalar + tarafından üretilen ortam değişkenleri sistem ortamının değişkenleri + haline gelirler. İşletim sistemi ortamına çalışmakta olan sunucudan + müdahale etmek isterseniz işletim sisteminizin kabuğu tarafından sağlanan + standart ortam müdahale mekanizmalarını kullanmalısınız.</p> + </div> +<div id="quickview"><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/contributing.html" class="badge"><img src="https://www.apache.org/images/SupportApache-small.png" alt="Support Apache!" /></a><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#setting">Ortam Değişkenlerinin Atanması</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#using">Ortam Değişkenlerinin Kullanımı</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#special">Özel Amaçlı Ortam Değişkenleri</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#examples">Örnekler</a></li> +</ul><h3>Ayrıca bakınız:</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Yorumlar</a></li></ul></div> +<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="setting" id="setting">Ortam Değişkenlerinin Atanması</a></h2> + + <table class="related"><tr><th>İlgili Modüller</th><th>İlgili Yönergeler</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html">mod_env</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html">mod_setenvif</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_unique_id.html">mod_unique_id</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#browsermatch">BrowserMatch</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#browsermatchnocase">BrowserMatchNoCase</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#passenv">PassEnv</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#setenv">SetEnv</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvif">SetEnvIf</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvifnocase">SetEnvIfNoCase</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#unsetenv">UnsetEnv</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table> + + <h3><a name="basic-manipulation" id="basic-manipulation">Temel Ortamda Değişiklik</a></h3> + + + <p>Apache ortamında bir ortam değişkenine müdahale etmenin en temel + yolu hiçbir koşula tabi olmayan <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#setenv">SetEnv</a></code> yönergesini kullanmaktır. Bu değişkenleri Apache + başlatılırken sistem ortam değişkenleri haline getirmek için + <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#passenv">PassEnv</a></code> yönergesi + kullanılabilir.</p> + + + <h3><a name="conditional" id="conditional">İsteğe Bağlı Şartlı Atamalar</a></h3> + + + <p>Esnekliği arttırmak için, <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html">mod_setenvif</a></code> modülü ile + isteğin özelliklerine uygun olarak her isteğe özel değişkenler + atayabilmek mümkün kılınmıştır. Örneğin, bir değişken sadece isteği + yapan tarayıcıya özgü bir değerle veya sadece belli bir başlık + alanınına bağlı olarak atanabilir. Daha da esnek bir mekanizma, + ortam değişkeni atamak için <code>[E=...]</code> seçeneğinin + kullanıldığı <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> modülünün <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code> yönergesi ile + sağlanmıştır.</p> + + + <h3><a name="unique-identifiers" id="unique-identifiers">Eşsiz Betimleyiciler</a></h3> + + + <p>Son olarak, <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_unique_id.html">mod_unique_id</a></code> <code>UNIQUE_ID</code> + ortam değişkenine her istek için o isteğin çok özel koşullar altında + tüm diğer istekler arasında eşsizliğini garanti edecek bir değer + atar.</p> + + + <h3><a name="standard-cgi" id="standard-cgi">Standart CGI Değişkenleri</a></h3> + + + <p>Apache yapılandırmasıyla atanan ve kabuğa aktarılan ortam + değişkenlerinden başka <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3875">CGI + Belirtimi</a>nin gerektirdiği istekler hakkında temel bilgileri + içeren ortam değişkenlerinin CGI betikleri ve SSI sayfalarınca + atanabilmesi sağlanmıştır.</p> + + + <h3><a name="caveats" id="caveats">Bazı Yetersizlikler</a></h3> + + + <ul> + <li>Standart CGI değişkenlerini ortam değişkenlerine müdahale + yönergelerini kullanarak değiştirmek veya geçersiz kılmak mümkün + değildir.</li> + + <li>CGI betiklerini çalıştırmak için <code class="program"><a href="./programs/suexec.html">suexec</a></code> + kullanıldığında ortam, CGI betikleri çalıştırılmadan önce + <em>güvenilir</em> değişkenler kalacak şekilde temizlenir. + <em>Güvenilir</em> değişken listesi <code>suexec.c</code> içinde + derleme sırasında tanımlanır.</li> + + <li>Taşınabilirlik adına, ortam değişkenlerinin isimleri sadece + harfler, rakamlar ve alt çizgi imlerini içerebilir. Bunlara ek + olarak ismin ilk karakteri bir rakam olmamalıdır. Değişkenler CGI + betiklerine ve SSI sayfalarına aktarılırken bu sınırlamalara uygun + olmayan karakterlerin yerlerine alt çizgi imleri konur.</li> + + <li>Bir özel durum, CGI betiklerine ve benzerlerine ortam + değişkenleri üzerinden aktarılan HTTP başlıklarıdır (aşağıya + bakın). Bunlar büyük harfe dönüştürülür ve sadece tireler + altçizgilere dönüştürülür. Eğer HTTP başlığı geçersiz karakter + içeriyorsa başlığın tamamı yoksayılır. Böyle bir durumda ne + yapılacağı öğrenmek için <a href="#fixheader">aşağıya</a> + bakın.</li> + + <li>İsteklerin işleme konması sırasında <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#setenv">SetEnv</a></code> yönergesi geç çalıştırılır, + yani <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvif">SetEnvIf</a></code> ve + <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code> gibi + yönergeler <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#setenv">SetEnv</a></code> ile + atanan değişken değerlerini görmezler.</li> + + <li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_autoindex.html">mod_autoindex</a></code> ile dizin listesi oluşturulması + veya bir <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_dir.html#directoryindex">DirectoryIndex</a></code> + için yol aranması gibi bir dahili <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#subrequest" title="sözlüğe bakınız">alt + istek</a> için sunucu yol araması yaparken isteklere özgü + ortam değişkenleri alt istekler tarafından miras alınMAZ. Buna ek + olarak, <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html">mod_setenvif</a></code> modülünün devreye girdiği API + fazlarından dolayı yapılan alt isteklerde + <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvif">SetEnvIf</a></code> yönergeleri + ayrı ayrı değerlendirilMEZ.</li> + </ul> + + </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="using" id="using">Ortam Değişkenlerinin Kullanımı</a></h2> + + + <table class="related"><tr><th>İlgili Modüller</th><th>İlgili Yönergeler</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authz_host.html">mod_authz_host</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cgi.html">mod_cgi</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ext_filter.html">mod_ext_filter</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_headers.html">mod_headers</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_include.html">mod_include</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_log_config.html">mod_log_config</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_authz_core.html#require">Require</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_log_config.html#customlog">CustomLog</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_access_compat.html#allow">Allow</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_access_compat.html#deny">Deny</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_ext_filter.html#extfilterdefine">ExtFilterDefine</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_headers.html#header">Header</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_log_config.html#logformat">LogFormat</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table> + + <h3><a name="cgi-scripts" id="cgi-scripts">CGI Betikleri</a></h3> + + + <p>Ortam değişkenlerinin başlıca amaçlarından biri CGI betikleriyle + iletişim kurmaktır. Yukarıda bahsedildiği gibi CGI betiklerine + aktarılan ortam Apache yapılandırmasında atanan değişkenlere ek + olarak istek hakkında standart temel bilgileri de içerir. Bu konuda + ayrıntılı bilgi edinmek için <a href="howto/cgi.html">CGI + Öğreticisi</a>ne bakabilirsiniz.</p> + + + <h3><a name="ssi-pages" id="ssi-pages">SSI Sayfaları</a></h3> + + + <p>Sunucu tarafında <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_include.html">mod_include</a></code> modülünün + <code>INCLUDES</code> süzgeci ile yorumlanan SSI sayfalarında ortam + değişkenleri <code>echo</code> elemanı ile basılabilir ve sayfayı + isteğin özelliklerine uygun olarak oluşturmak için ortam + değişkenleri akış denetim elemanları içinde kullanılabilir. Apache + ayrıca, yukarıda bahsedildiği gibi standart CGI ortam değişkenli SSI + sayfalarını da sağlayabilmektedir. Daha ayrıntılı bilgi edinmek için + <a href="howto/ssi.html">SSI Öğreticisi</a>ne bakabilirsiniz.</p> + + + <h3><a name="access-control" id="access-control">Erişim Denetimi</a></h3> + + + <p><code>Require env</code> ve <code>Require not env</code> + yönergeleri sayesinde ortam değişkenlerine dayalı olarak sunucuya + erişim denetim altında tutulabilir. Bunlar <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvif">SetEnvIf</a></code> yönergesi ile birlikte + kullanılmak suretiyle sunucuya erişim isteğin özelliklerine bağlı + olarak daha esnek bir tarzda denetlenebilir. Örneğin, belli bir + tarayıcının sunucuya erişimi bu yönergelerle engellenebilir.</p> + + + <h3><a name="logging" id="logging">Şartlı Günlük Kaydı</a></h3> + + + <p>Ortam değişkenleri <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_log_config.html#logformat">LogFormat</a></code> yönergesinin <code>%e</code> seçeneği + kullanılarak erişim günlüğüne kaydedilebilir. Bundan başka, + <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_log_config.html#customlog">CustomLog</a></code> yönergesi + sayesinde isteklerin günlüğe kaydedilip kaydedilmeyeceğine ortam + değişkenlerine dayalı olarak karar verilmesi sağlanabilir. Bunlar + <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvif">SetEnvIf</a></code> yönergesi ile + birlikte kullanılmak suretiyle günlük kayıtları isteğin + özelliklerine bağlı olarak daha esnek bir tarzda denetlenebilir. + Örneğin, <code>gif</code> uzantılı dosyalar için yapılan isteklerin + günlüğe kaydedilmemesi veya sadece alt ağınızın dışından gelen + isteklerin günlüğe kaydedilmesini isteyebilirsiniz.</p> + + + <h3><a name="response-headers" id="response-headers">Şartlı Yanıt Başlıkları</a></h3> + + + <p><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_headers.html#header">Header</a></code> yönergesi belli + bir yanıt başlığının istemciye gönderilip gönderilmeyeceğine belli + bir ortam değişkeninin varlığına bakarak karar vermek için + kullanılabilir. Böylece örneğin, belli bir başlığın istemciye + gönderilmesine istemciden belli bir başlığın alınıp alınmadığına + bağlı olarak karar verilebilir.</p> + + + + <h3><a name="external-filter" id="external-filter">Harici Süzgeçlerin Etkinleştirilmesi</a></h3> + + + <p><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ext_filter.html">mod_ext_filter</a></code> tarafından yapılandırılan harici + süzgeçler <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_ext_filter.html#extfilterdefine">ExtFilterDefine</a></code> yönergesinin <code>disableenv=</code> ve + <code>enableenv=</code> seçenekleri kullanılarak bir ortam + değişkenine bağlı olarak etkinleştirilebilir.</p> + + + <h3><a name="url-rewriting" id="url-rewriting">URL Kurgulaması</a></h3> + + + <p><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code> + yönergesinin <em>SınamaDizgesi</em> olarak kullanılan + <code>%{ENV:<em>değişken</em>}</code> biçemi + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> yeniden yazma motorunun ortam + değişkenlerine bağlı kararlar almasını mümkün kılar. Yalnız şuna + dikkat ediniz: <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>’ta <code>ENV:</code> + öneki kullanılmadan belirtilen değişkenler ortam değişkenleri + değillerdir. Onlar <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>’a özgü diğer + modüllerden erişilemeyen özel değişkenlerdir.</p> + + </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="special" id="special">Özel Amaçlı Ortam Değişkenleri</a></h2> + + + <p>Birlikte çalışabilirlik sorunları Apache’nin belli istemcilerle + veri alışverişi sırasında davranışını değiştirmesini gerektirebilir. + Genellikle <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#setenv">SetEnv</a></code> ve + <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#passenv">PassEnv</a></code> yönergelerinden + başka <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#browsermatch">BrowserMatch</a></code> + gibi yönergelerle ortam değişkenleri atanarak bunu sağlayan + mekanizmaların olabildiğince esnek davranabilmesi sağlanabilir.</p> + + <h3><a name="downgrade" id="downgrade"><code>downgrade-1.0</code></a></h3> + + + <p>İstek, daha yüksek bir HTTP protokolüyle yapılmış olsa bile + HTTP/1.0 isteği olarak ele alınır.</p> + + + <h3><a name="force-gzip" id="force-gzip"><code>force-gzip</code></a></h3> + + <p><code>DEFLATE</code> süzgeci etkinse tarayıcının tercih ettiği + kodlama koşulsuz olarak yoksayılarak sıkıştırılmış çıktı + gönderilir.</p> + + <h3><a name="force-no-vary" id="force-no-vary"><code>force-no-vary</code></a></h3> + + + <p>İstemciye gönderilmeden önce yanıttan <code>Vary</code> alanının + çıkarılmasına sebep olur. Bazı istemciler bu alanı gerektiği gibi + yorumlayamazlar, bu değişken atanarak bu sorunla karşılaşılmamaya + çalışılır. Bu değişkenin atanması ayrıca + <strong>force-response-1.0</strong> değişkeninin de atanmasına sebep + olur.</p> + + + <h3><a name="force-response" id="force-response"><code>force-response-1.0</code></a></h3> + + + <p>HTTP/1.0 isteği yapan istemcilere HTTP/1.0 yanıtı verilmesini zorunlu + kılar. AOL vekillerindeki bir sorun nedeniyle gerçeklenmiştir. Bazı + HTTP/1.0 istemciler HTTP/1.1 yanıtlarında doğru davranmayabilirler; bu + değişken atanarak bunların sorunları giderilebilir.</p> + + + + <h3><a name="gzip-only-text-html" id="gzip-only-text-html"><code>gzip-only-text/html</code></a></h3> + + + <p>Bu değişkene "1" değeri atandığında <code>text/html</code>’den + farklı içerik türleri için <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_deflate.html">mod_deflate</a></code> modülü + tarafından sağlanan <code>DEFLATE</code> çıktı süzgeci iptal + edilir. Sıkıştırılmış olarak saklanan dosyalar kullanıyorsanız bu + değişkeni <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code> modülü de dikkate alır + (kimliğine bakarak sadece gzip için değil, tüm kodlamalar için bunu + yapar).</p> + + + <h3><a name="no-gzip" id="no-gzip"><code>no-gzip</code></a></h3> + + <p>Bu değişken atandığında, <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_deflate.html">mod_deflate</a></code> modülünün + <code>DEFLATE</code> süzgeci kapatılır ve + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code> modülü kodlanmış kaynak teslimatını + reddeder.</p> + + + + <h3><a name="no-cache" id="no-cache">no-cache</a></h3> + <p><em>2.2.12 sürümünden beri kullanılabilmektedir.</em></p> + + <p>Atandığı takdirde, <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code> artık + önbelleklenebilecek yanıtları kaydetmeyecektir. Bu ortam değişkeni bir + yanıtın halihazırda mevcut bir isteğe sunulmak üzere önbellekte olup + olmadığından etkilenmez.</p> + + + + <h3><a name="nokeepalive" id="nokeepalive"><code>nokeepalive</code></a></h3> + + + <p>Bu değişken atandığında, <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#keepalive">KeepAlive</a></code> yönergesi iptal edilir.</p> + + + + <h3><a name="prefer-language" id="prefer-language"><code>prefer-language</code></a></h3> + + + <p>Değer olarak <code>en</code>, <code>ja</code> veya + <code>x-klingon</code> gibi bir dil kısaltması verilerek atanmışsa + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code> modülünün normal davranışını + değiştirerek belirtilen dilde bir teslimat yapılmaya çalışılır. + Böyle bir belge yoksa normal <a href="content-negotiation.html">uzlaşım</a> süreci uygulanır.</p> + + + + <h3><a name="redirect-carefully" id="redirect-carefully"><code>redirect-carefully</code></a></h3> + + + <p>İstemciye bir yönlendirme gönderirken sunucuyu daha dikkatli olmaya + zorlar. Bu genellikle istemcinin yönlendirmeler konusunda sorunlu + olduğu bilindiği takdirde yararlı olur. Bu değişkenin gerçeklenme + sebebi, dizin kaynaklarına yönlendirmeler için DAV yöntemlerini + kullanan Microsoft'un WebFolders yazılımındaki bir sorundur.</p> + + + + <h3><a name="suppress-error-charset" id="suppress-error-charset"><code>suppress-error-charset</code></a></h3> + + + <p><em>2.0.54 sürümünden beri mevcuttur.</em></p> + + <p>Apache bir isteğe bir yönlendirme ile yanıt verdiğinde istemci + yönlendirmeyi kendiliğinden yapmaz veya yapamazsa kullanıcıya yanıtla + birlikte gönderilen metin gösterilir. Apache normal olarak bu metni + ISO-8859-1 ile kodlar.</p> + + <p>Ancak, yönlendirmenin yapıldığı sayfa farklı bir karakter kümesine + sahipse bazı tarayıcı sürümleri asıl sayfanın karakter kodlaması yerine + yönlendirmenin kodlamasını kullanmaya çalışırlar. Bu özellikle Yunanca + gibi dillerde hedef sayfanın hatalı yorumlanmasına yol açar.</p> + + <p>Bu ortam değişkeninin atanması Apache’nin yönlendirme için karakter + kümesi belirtmemesini sağlamak suretiyle hatalı tarayıcıların hedef + sayfayı yanlış karakter kodlamasıyla yorumlamasını önler.</p> + + <div class="warning"> + <h3>Güvenlik Uyarısı</h3> + + <p>Hata sayfalarının bir karakter kümesi belirtilmeksizin yollanması, + HTTP/1.1 belirtimine uymayan ve karakter kümesini içeriğe bakarak + tahmin etmeye çalışan tarayıcılarda (MSIE) karşı siteden betik + saldırısı yorumuna sebep olabilir. Girdi verisindeki UTF-7 içerik + (istek betimleyici gibi) karşı siteden betik saldırılarını engellemek + için tasarlanmış normal önceleme mekanizmalarıyla öncelenmeyeceği için + böyle tarayıcılar UTF-7 karakter kodlaması kullanılarak kolayca + aldatılabilir.</p> + </div> + + + + <h3><a name="proxy" id="proxy"><code>force-proxy-request-1.0</code>, + <code>proxy-nokeepalive</code>, <code>proxy-sendchunked</code> ve + <code>proxy-sendcl</code>, <code>proxy-chain-auth</code>, + <code>proxy-interim-response</code>, <code>proxy-initial-not-pooled</code> + </a></h3> + + <p>Bu yönergeler <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code> modülünün normal protokol + davranışını değiştirirler. Daha ayrıntılı bilgi için + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code> ve <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy_http.html">mod_proxy_http</a></code> + belgelerine bakınız.</p> + + + </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="examples" id="examples">Örnekler</a></h2> + + + <h3><a name="fixheader" id="fixheader">Bozuk başlıkların CGI betiklerine aktarılması</a></h3> + + + <p>2.4 sürümünden itibaren, <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cgi.html">mod_cgi</a></code> modülü ve diğer + modüllerde HTTP başlıklarının ortam değişkenlerine dönüştürülmesi + bağlamında Apache daha seçici davranmaktadır. Önce HTTP başlığındaki + geçersiz karakterlerin tamamı altçizgilere dönüştürülür. Bu, başlık + zerki yoluyla yapılan karşı-site-betiklerini-çalıştırma saldırısını + önlemeye yöneliktir. (Bakınız: <a href="http://events.ccc.de/congress/2007/Fahrplan/events/2212.en.html">Unusual Web Bugs</a>, slide 19/20).</p> + + <p>Bozuk başlıklar gönderdiği halde bunlara dokunulmamasını gerektiren + bir istemciniz varsa, <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html">mod_setenvif</a></code> ve + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_headers.html">mod_headers</a></code> modüllerinin sunduğu yapıyı örnekteki gibi + kullanarak bu sorunun üstesinden gelebilirsiniz:</p> + + <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"># +# Aşağıdaki satırlarla bir istemcinin gönderdiği bozuk +# Accept_Encoding başlıklarının istenildiği gibi işlenmesi +# sağlanabilir. +# +SetEnvIfNoCase ^Accept.Encoding$ ^(.*)$ fix_accept_encoding=$1 +RequestHeader set Accept-Encoding %{fix_accept_encoding}e env=fix_accept_encoding</pre> + + + + + <h3><a name="misbehaving" id="misbehaving">Protokolü yanlış yorumlayan tarayıcıların davranışlarının + değiştirilmesi</a></h3> + + + <p>Önceki sürümlerde bilinen istemci davranışlarına karşı önlem olarak + aşağıdaki satırların <code>httpd.conf</code> içinde bulunması + önerilirdi. Fakat, böyle tarayıcılar artık ortalıkta görünmediğinden + bu yapılandırmaya da artık gerek kalmamıştır.</p> + + <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"># +# Aşağıdaki yönergeler normal HTTP yanıt davranışını değiştirirler. +# İlk yönerge Netscape 2.x ve kendini öyle gösteren tarayıcılar için +# kalıcı bağlantıyı (keepalive) iptal eder. İkinci yönerge ise HTTP/1.1 +# protokolü bozuk olan ve 301/302 durum kodlu yönlendirme yanıtları +# kullanıldığında kalıcı bağlantıları gerektiği gibi desteklemeyen +# Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.0b2 içindir. +# +BrowserMatch "Mozilla/2" nokeepalive +BrowserMatch "MSIE 4\.0b2;" nokeepalive downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0 + +# +# Aşağıdaki yönergeler HTTP/1.0 yanıtlarından başkasına yabancı olan +# tarayıcılara HTTP/1.1 yanıtlarının gönderilmesini iptal eder. +# +BrowserMatch "RealPlayer 4\.0" force-response-1.0 +BrowserMatch "Java/1\.0" force-response-1.0 +BrowserMatch "JDK/1\.0" force-response-1.0</pre> + + + + <h3><a name="no-img-log" id="no-img-log">Resim isteklerinin erişim günlüğüne kaydedilmemesi</a></h3> + + + <p>Bu örnek resim isteklerinin erişim günlüğüne yazılmasını engeller. + Bu örnek değiştirilerek belli dizinlerin veya belli konaklardan + gelen isteklerin günlüğe kaydedilmesini engellemek amacıyla da + kullanılabilir.</p> + + <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">SetEnvIf Request_URI \.gif image-request +SetEnvIf Request_URI \.jpg image-request +SetEnvIf Request_URI \.png image-request +CustomLog "logs/access_log" common env=!image-request</pre> + + + + + <h3><a name="image-theft" id="image-theft">“Resim Hırsızlığı” için önlem alınması</a></h3> + + + <p>Bu örnekte sunucunuzda bulunmayan sayfalarda sunucunuzdaki + resimlerin kullanılmasının nasıl önleneceği gösterilmiştir. Bu + yapılandırma önerilmemekle birlikte nadir durumlarda işe yarar. Tüm + resimlerin <code>/siteler/resimler</code> dizini altında tutulduğu + varsayılmıştır.</p> + + <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">SetEnvIf Referer "^http://www\.example\.com/" local_referal +# Referrer bilgisi göndermeyen tarayıcılara izin verelim +SetEnvIf Referer "^$" local_referal +<Directory "/siteler/resimler"> + Require env local_referal +</Directory></pre> + + + <p>Bu teknik hakkında daha ayrıntılı bilgi edinmek için ServerWatch + üzerindeki "<a href="http://www.serverwatch.com/tutorials/article.php/1132731">Diğer sitelerin sizin resimlerinizle donatılmasını engellemek</a>" + belgesine bakınız.</p> + + </div></div> +<div class="bottomlang"> +<p><span>Mevcut Diller: </span><a href="./en/env.html" hreflang="en" rel="alternate" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="./fr/env.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> | +<a href="./ja/env.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | +<a href="./ko/env.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="./tr/env.html" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="./images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Yorumlar</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. 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