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diff --git a/docs/manual/glossary.html b/docs/manual/glossary.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9c493ca --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/glossary.html @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +# GENERATED FROM XML -- DO NOT EDIT + +URI: glossary.html.de +Content-Language: de +Content-type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1 + +URI: glossary.html.en +Content-Language: en +Content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 + +URI: glossary.html.es +Content-Language: es +Content-type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1 + +URI: glossary.html.fr.utf8 +Content-Language: fr +Content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 + +URI: glossary.html.ja.utf8 +Content-Language: ja +Content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 + +URI: glossary.html.ko.euc-kr +Content-Language: ko +Content-type: text/html; charset=EUC-KR + +URI: glossary.html.tr.utf8 +Content-Language: tr +Content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 diff --git a/docs/manual/glossary.html.de b/docs/manual/glossary.html.de new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3ce84ce --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/glossary.html.de @@ -0,0 +1,583 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="de" xml:lang="de"><head> +<meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" http-equiv="Content-Type" /> +<!-- + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + --> +<title>Glossar - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</title> +<link href="./style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> +<link href="./style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> +<link href="./style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./style/css/prettify.css" /> +<script src="./style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript"> +</script> + +<link href="./images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head> +<body id="manual-page" class="no-sidebar"><div id="page-header"> +<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Module</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Direktiven</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossar</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Seitenindex</a></p> +<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</p> +<img alt="" src="./images/feather.png" /></div> +<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div> +<div id="path"> +<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP-Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Dokumentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.4</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Glossar</h1> +<div class="toplang"> +<p><span>Verfügbare Sprachen: </span><a href="./de/glossary.html" title="Deutsch"> de </a> | +<a href="./en/glossary.html" hreflang="en" rel="alternate" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="./es/glossary.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> | +<a href="./fr/glossary.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> | +<a href="./ja/glossary.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | +<a href="./ko/glossary.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="./tr/glossary.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div> +<div class="outofdate">Diese Übersetzung ist möglicherweise + nicht mehr aktuell. Bitte prüfen Sie die englische Version auf + die neuesten Änderungen.</div> + + <p>Dieses Glossar erläutert einige gebräuchliche Fachbegriffe im + Zusammenhang mit dem Apache im Speziellen und Web-Diensten im + Allgemeinen. Weitere Informationen zum jeweiligen Begriff erreichen Sie + über die Links.</p> + </div> +<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="definitions" id="definitions">Definitionen</a></h2> + + <dl> + <dt><a name="algorithm" id="algorithm">Algorithmus</a></dt> + <dd>Eine eindeutige Formel oder ein Satz von Regeln zur Lösung eines + Problems in einer endlichen Anzahl von Schritten. Algorithmen zur + Verschlüsselung werden üblicherweise <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#cipher" title="siehe Glossar"><dfn>Chiffre</dfn></a> genannt. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="apacheextensiontool" id="apacheextensiontool">APache + eXtension Tool</a> <a name="apxs" id="apxs">(apxs)</a></dt> + <dd>Ein Perl-Skript zur Kompilierung von <a href="#module">Modul</a>-Quelltexten zu Dynamic-Shared-Objects + (<a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#dso" title="siehe Glossar">DSOs</a>) und zur Installation dieser zum + Apache-Webserver.<br /> + Siehe: <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apxs.html">apxs</a></code>-Dokumentation + </dd> + + <dt><a name="apacheportableruntime" id="apacheportableruntime">Apache Portable Runtime</a> <a name="apr" id="apr">(APR)</a></dt> + <dd>Eine Menge von Bibliotheken, die viele grundlegende Schnittstellen + zwischen dem Server und dem Betriebssystem anbietet. Die APR + wird parallel zum Apache HTTP Server in einem eigenständigen Projekt + entwickelt.<br /> + Siehe auch: <a href="http://apr.apache.org/">Apache Portable Runtime + Project</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="authentication" id="authentication">Authentifizierung</a></dt> + <dd>Die positive Identifizierung einer Netzwerkeinheit, wie z.B. + eines Servers, eines Clients oder eines Benutzers.<br /> + Siehe: <a href="howto/auth.html">Authentisierung, Autorisierung und + Zugriffskontrolle</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="certificationauthority" id="certificationauthority">Certification Authority</a> + <span class="phonetic">[səˈtifiˈkeiʃən + ɔːθɔriti]</span> + <a name="ca" id="ca">(CA)</a></dt> + <dd><span class="transnote">(<em>Anm.d.Ü.:</em> die Zertifizierungsstelle)</span> Eine + vertrauenswürdige dritte Partei, deren Zweck es ist, + Zertifikate für Netzwerkeinheiten zu signieren. Andere + Netzwerkeinheiten können die Signatur prüfen, um + sicherzustellen, dass eine CA den Inhaber eines Zertifikats + authentifiziert hat.<br /> + Siehe: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS-Verschlüsselung</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="certificatsigningrequest" id="certificatsigningrequest">Certificate Signing Request</a> + <span class="phonetic">[səˈtifikit sainiŋ + riˈkwest]</span> <a name="csr" id="csr">(CSR)</a></dt> + <dd><span class="transnote">(<em>Anm.d.Ü.:</em> Zertifikats-Signierungsanfrage)</span> Ein unsigniertes + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificate" title="siehe Glossar">Zertifikat</a> zur Einreichung bei + einer <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificationauthority" title="siehe Glossar">Zertifizierungsstelle</a>, welche + es mit dem <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#privatekey" title="siehe Glossar">privaten Schlüssel</a> + ihres CA-<em>Zertifikats</em> signiert. Durch die Signatur wird ein CSR + zum echten Zertifikat.<br /> + Siehe: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS-Verschlüsselung</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="cipher" id="cipher">Chiffre</a></dt> + <dd>Die <dfn>Chiffre</dfn> ist ein Algorithmus oder System zur + Datenverschlüsselung. Beispiele sind DES, IDEA, RC4 usw. Im + Englischen spricht man von + <dfn>Cipher</dfn> <span class="phonetic">[ˈsaifə]</span><br /> + Siehe: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS-Verschlüsselung</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="ciphertext" id="ciphertext">Chiffretext</a></dt> + <dd>Das Ergebnis, nachdem ein <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#plaintext" title="siehe Glossar">Klartext</a> + eine <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#cipher" title="siehe Glossar">Chiffre</a> durchlaufen hat.<br /> + Siehe: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS-Verschlüsselung</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="commongatewayinterface" id="commongatewayinterface">Common + Gateway Interface</a> <span class="phonetic">[ˈkɔmən geitwei + ˈintəːfeis]</span> + <a name="cgi" id="cgi">(CGI)</a></dt> + <dd>Eine einheitliche Definition einer Schnittstelle zwischen einem + Webserver und einem externen Programm, welcher dem externen Programm die + Behandlung von Anfragen ermöglicht. Die Schnittstelle ist + ursprünglich von der <a href="http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi/overview.html">NCSA</a> + definiert worden. Es exisitert jedoch auch ein <a href="http://cgi-spec.golux.com/">RFC-Projekt</a>.<br /> + Siehe: <a href="howto/cgi.html">Dynamische Inhalte mit CGI</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="connect" id="connect">CONNECT</a> + <span class="phonetic">[kənekt]</span></dt> + <dd>Eine <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#method" title="siehe Glossar">HTTP-Methode</a> zur Weiterleitung + von Rohdaten über HTTP. Sie kann dazu verwendet werden, andere + Protokolle wie zum Beispiel das SSL-Protokoll zu kapseln. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="digitalsignature" id="digitalsignature">Digitale + Signatur</a></dt> + <dd>Ein chiffrierter Textblock, der die Gültigkeit eines Zertifikats + oder einer anderen Datei bestätigt. Eine <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificationauthority" title="siehe Glossar">Zertifizierungsstelle</a> erstellt + eine digitale Signatur durch Generierung eines <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#hash" title="siehe Glossar">Hashs</a> aus dem in einem <em>Zertifikat</em> + enthaltenen <em>öffentlichen Schlüssel</em> und + anschließender Codierung des Hashs mit dem <em>privaten + Schlüssel</em> des Zertifikats. Nur der öffentliche + Schlüssel der CA kann die Signatur decodieren. So wird + sichergestellt, dass die CA die Netwerkeinheit, welche das + <em>Zertifikat</em> besitzt, authentifiziert hat.<br /> + Siehe: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS-Verschlüsselung</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="directive" id="directive">Direktive</a></dt> + <dd>Eine Konfigurationsanweisung, die das Verhalten des Apache in einem + oder mehreren Punkten steuert. Direktiven werden in den <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="siehe Glossar">Konfigurationsdateien</a> gesetzt.<br /> + Siehe: <a href="mod/directives.html">Verzeichnis der Direktiven</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="dynamicsharedobject" id="dynamicsharedobject">Dynamic + Shared Object</a> + <span class="phonetic">[daiˈnæmik ʃɛəd + ˈɔbdʒikt]</span> <a name="dso" id="dso">(DSO)</a></dt> + <dd>Separat von der Apache-Binärdatei <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> + kompilierte <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#module" title="siehe Glossar">Module</a>, die bei Bedarf + geladen werden können.<br /> + Siehe: <a href="dso.html">Unterstützung für + Dynamic-Shared-Objects</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="export-crippled" id="export-crippled">exportbeschränkt</a></dt> + <dd>Verminderte kryptografische Stärke (und Sicherheit), um den + Exportbesimmungen der Vereinigten Staaten <span class="transnote">(<em>Anm.d.Ü.:</em> konkret: United + States' Export Administration Regulations (EAR))</span> zu + entsprechen. Exportbeschränkte Verschlüsselungssoftware ist + auf eine kurze Schlüssellänge begrenzt, was zu + <em>Chiffretexten</em> führt, die gewöhnlich mittels + Brute-Force dekodiert werden können.<br /> + Siehe: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS-Verschlüsselung</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="filter" id="filter">Filter</a></dt> + <dd>Ein Verfahren, dass auf vom Server empfangene oder zu sendende Daten + angewendet wird. Eingabefilter verarbeiten vom Client an den Server + gesendetet Daten, während Ausgabefilter vom Server an den Client zu + sendende Daten verarbeiten. Der Ausgabefilter <code>INCLUDES</code> + beispielsweise untersucht Dokumente nach <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#ssi" title="siehe Glossar">Server-Side-Includes</a> und führt sie aus.<br /> + Siehe: <a href="filter.html">Filter</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="handler" id="handler">Handler</a> + <span class="phonetic">[ˈhændlə]</span></dt> + <dd>Eine Apache-interne Darstellung der Aktion, die beim Aufruf einer + Datei auszuführen ist. Im Allgemeinen besitzen Dateien implizite, + auf dem Dateityp basierende Handler. Gewöhnlich werden alle Dateien + vom Server bedient, einige Dateitypen werden jedoch separat "behandelt" + <span class="transnote">(<em>Anm.d.Ü.:</em> besitzen einen separaten Handler)</span>. Der + <code>cgi-script</code>-Handler beispielsweise kennzeichnet Dateien, die + als <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#cgi" title="siehe Glossar">CGI-Programme</a> ausgeführt werden + sollen.<br /> + Siehe: <a href="handler.html">Verwendung von Apache-Handlern</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="hash" id="hash">Hash</a> + <span class="phonetic">[hæʃ]</span></dt> + <dd>Ein mathematischer, unumkehrbarer Einweg-Algorithmus zur Generierung + einer Zeichenfolge fester Länge aus einer anderen Zeichenfolge + beliebiger Länge. Unterschiedliche Zeichenfolgen bei der Eingabe + ergeben üblischerweise unterschiedliche Hashes (abhängig von + der Hash-Funktion). + </dd> + + <dt><a name="header" id="header">Header</a> + <span class="phonetic">[hedə]</span></dt> + <dd>Der Teil der <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#http" title="siehe Glossar">HTTP</a>-Anfrage und -Antwort, + der vor den eigentlichen Daten übermittelt wird und den Inhalt + beschreibende Meta-Informationen enthält. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="htaccess" id="htaccess">.htaccess</a></dt> + <dd>Eine <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="siehe Glossar">Konfigurationsdatei</a>, + die innerhalb des Web-Verzeichnisbaums abgelegt wird und zu dem + Verzeichnis, in dem sie abgelegt ist, sowie allen Unterverzeichnissen + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="siehe Glossar">Konfigurationsdirektiven</a> + enthält. Trotz ihres Namens kann diese Datei nahezu alle Arten von + Direktiven enthalten, nicht nur Direktiven zur Zugriffskontrolle.<br /> + Siehe: <a href="configuring.html">Konfigurationsdateien</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="httpd.conf" id="httpd.conf">httpd.conf</a></dt> + <dd>Die <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="siehe Glossar">Haupt-Konfigurationsdatei</a> ist + <code>/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf</code>. Dies kann aber zur + Laufzeit oder zur Kompilierungszeit anders konfiguriert werden.<br /> + Siehe: <a href="configuring.html">Konfigurationsdateien</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="https" id="https">HTTPS</a></dt> + <dd>Das HyperText-Transfer-Protokoll (Secure), der + Standard-Verschlüsselungsmechanismus im World Wide Web. + Tatsächlich handelt es sich hierbei um HTTP über <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#ssl" title="siehe Glossar">SSL</a>.<br /> + Siehe: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS-Verschlüsselung</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="hypertexttransferprotocol" id="hypertexttransferprotocol">HyperText-Transfer-Protokoll</a> + <a name="http" id="http">(HTTP)</a></dt> + <dd>Das Standard-Übertragungsprotokoll im World Wide Web. Der Apache + implementiert die Protokollversion 1.1, bezeichnet als HTTP/1.1 und + definiert in <a href="http://ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt">RFC 2616</a>. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="plaintext" id="plaintext">Klartext</a></dt> + <dd>Der unverschlüsselte Text.</dd> + + <dt><a name="configurationdirective" id="configurationdirective">Konfigurationsanweisung</a></dt> + <dd>Siehe: <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="siehe Glossar">Direktive</a></dd> + + <dt><a name="configurationfile" id="configurationfile">Konfigurationsdatei</a></dt> + <dd>Eine Textdatei mit <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="siehe Glossar">Direktiven</a>, + welche die Konfiguration des Apache steuern.<br /> + Siehe: <a href="configuring.html">Konfigurationsdateien</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="context" id="context">Kontext</a></dt> + <dd>Ein Bereich in den <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="siehe Glossar">Konfigurationsdateien</a>, in dem + verschiedene Typen von <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="siehe Glossar">Direktiven</a> + erlaubt sind.<br /> + Siehe: <a href="mod/directive-dict.html#Context">Erklärung der + Fachbegriffe zu Apache-Direktiven</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="messagedigest" id="messagedigest">Message-Digest</a> + <span class="phonetic">[ˈmesidʒ]</span></dt> + <dd>Ein Hash einer Nachricht, mit dem sich sicherstellen läßt, + dass der Inhalt der Nachricht während der Übertragung nicht + verändert wurde. <span class="transnote">(<em>Anm.d.Ü.:</em> ein so genannter Extrakt der + Nachricht)</span><br /> + Siehe: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS-Verschlüsselung</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="method" id="method">Methode</a></dt> + <dd>Im <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#http" title="siehe Glossar">HTTP</a>-Kontext eine in der + Anfrage(zeile) des Clients angegeben Aktion, die auf eine Ressource + angewendet wird. <code>GET</code>, <code>POST</code> und <code>PUT</code> + sind einige der verfügbaren HTTP-Methoden. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="mime-type" id="mime-type">MIME-Typ</a> + <span class="phonetic">[maim tyːp]</span></dt> + <dd>Eine Art und Weise, den Typ des übermittelten Dokuments zu + beschreiben. Sein Name leitet sich davon ab, dass sein Format den + Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions entlehnt wurde. Er besteht aus + einem Haupttyp und einem Untertyp, getrennt durch einen + Schrägstrich. Einige Beispiele sind <code>text/html</code>, + <code>image/gif</code> und <code>application/octet-stream</code>. + Bei HTTP wird der MIME-Typ mit dem <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#header" title="siehe Glossar">Header</a> <code>Content-Type</code> + übermittelt.<br /> + Siehe: <a href="mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="module" id="module">Modul</a></dt> + <dd>Ein selbstständiger Teil eines Programms. Ein Großteil der + Funktionalität des Apache ist in Modulen enthalten, die Sie einbinden + oder entfernen können. In die Apache-Binärdatei <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> einkompilierte Module werden <em>statische Module</em> + genannt, während Module, die separat gespeichert sind und optional + zur Laufzeit geladen werden können, <em>dynamische Module</em> oder + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#dso" title="siehe Glossar">DSOs</a> genannt werden. + Standardmäßig eingebundene Module werden <em>Basismodule</em> + genannt. Für den Apache sind viele Module verfügbar, die nicht + als Bestandteil des <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#tarball" title="siehe Glossar">Apache-HTTP-Server-Tarballs</a> ausgeliefert + werden. Diese werden als <em>Drittmodule</em> bezeichnet.<br /> + Siehe: <a href="mod/">Modulverzeichnis</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="modulemagicnumber" id="modulemagicnumber">Module-Magic-Number</a> + <span class="phonetic">[ˈmɔjuːl mædʒik + ˈnʌmbə]</span> + (<a name="mmn" id="mmn">MMN</a>)</dt> + <dd>Die Module-Magic-Number ist eine Konstante, die im Apache-Quelltext + definiert ist und im Zusammenhang mit der Binärkompatibilität + von Modulen steht. Sie wird geändert, wenn sich interne + Apache-Strukturen, -Funktionen oder andere signifikante Teile der API + derart ändern, dass eine Binärkompatibilität nicht mehr + gewährleistet werden kann. Bei einer MMN-Änderung müssen + alle Module von Drittanbietern zumindest neu kompiliert und zuweilen auch + geringfügig angepaßt werden, um mit der neuen Apache-Version zu + funktionieren. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="publickey" id="publickey">Öffentlicher + Schlüssel</a></dt> + <dd>Der öffentlich verfügbare Schlüssel in einem <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#publickeycryptography" title="siehe Glossar">Public-Key-Kryptographie</a>-System, + mit dem für seinen Eigentümer bestimmte Nachrichten + verschlüsselt und Signaturen von seinem Eigentümer + entschlüsselt werden.<br /> + Siehe: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS-Verschlüsselung</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="openssl" id="openssl">OpenSSL</a> + <span class="phonetic">[ˈəupənɛsɛsˈɛl]</span> + </dt> + <dd>Das Open-Source-Toolkit für SSL/TLS<br /> + Siehe: <a href="http://www.openssl.org/">http://www.openssl.org/</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="passphrase" id="passphrase">Passphrase</a> + <span class="phonetic">[paːfreiz]</span></dt> + <dd>Das Wort oder die Phrase, welches private Schlüssel-Dateien + schützt. Sie verhindert die Entschlüsselung durch nicht + authorisierte Benutzer. Normalerweise ist dies einfach der geheimen + (De-)Codierungsschlüssel, der für <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#cipher" title="siehe Glossar">Chiffren</a> verwendet wird.<br /> + Siehe: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS-Verschlüsselung</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="privatekey" id="privatekey">Privater Schlüssel</a></dt> + <dd>Der geheime Schlüssel in einem <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#publickeycryptography" title="siehe Glossar">Public-Key-Kryptographie</a>-System, + mit dem hereinkommende Nachrichten decodiert und ausgehende signiert + werden.<br /> + Siehe: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS-Verschlüsselung</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="proxy" id="proxy">Proxy</a></dt> + <dd>Ein zwischen dem Client und dem <em>ursprünglichen Server</em> + <span class="transnote">(<em>Anm.d.Ü.:</em> der Server, den der Client tatsächlich erreichen + möchte)</span> liegender Server. Er nimmt Anfragen von + Clients entgegen, übermittelt diese Anfragen dem + ursprünglichen Server und liefert die Antwort des + ursprünglichen Servers an den Client zurück. Wenn mehrere + Clients den gleichen Inhalt abfragen, dann kann der Proxy diesen Inhalt + aus seinem Zwischenspeicher ausliefern, anstatt ihn jedesmal vom + ursprünglichen Server anzufordern, und dadurch die Antwortzeit + verringern.<br /> + Siehe: <a href="mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="publickeycryptography" id="publickeycryptography">Public-Key-Kryptographie</a> + <span class="phonetic">[ˈpʌblik kiː + ˈkyptograˈfiː]</span></dt> + <dd>Theorie und Anwendung asymmetrischer Verschlüsselungssysteme, + die einen Schlüssel zur Verschlüsselung und einen anderen zur + Entschlüsselung verwenden. Zwei derart zusammengehörende + Schlüssel bilden Schüsselpaar. Man spricht auch von + "Asymetrischer Kryptographie".<br /> + Siehe: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS-Verschlüsselung</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="regularexpresion" id="regularexpresion">Regulärer + Ausdruck</a> <a name="regex" id="regex">(Regex)</a></dt> + <dd>Eine Form, ein Muster im Text zu beschreiben - zum Beispiel: "alle + Wörter, die mit dem Buchstaben A beginnen" oder "Jeder Satz mit + zwei Kommata und ohne großes Q". Beim Apache sind reguläre + Ausdrücke hilfreich, da sie auf sehr flexible Art und Weise die + Anwendung bestimmter Eigenschaften auf eine Auswahl von Dateien oder + Ressourcen ermöglichen. - Zum Beispiel können alle .gif- und + .jpg-Dateien eines Verzeichnis "images" mit + "<code>/images/.*(jpg|gif)$</code>" beschrieben werden. Der Apache + verwendet Perl-kompatible reguläre Ausdrücke, wie sie die + <a href="http://www.pcre.org/">PCRE</a>-Bibliothek bereitstellt. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="reverseproxy" id="reverseproxy">Reverse Proxy</a> + <span class="phonetic">[riːvəːs + ˈprɔksi]</span></dt> + <dd>Ein <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#proxy" title="siehe Glossar">Proxy</a>-Server, der dem Client + gegenüber als <em>ursprünglicher Server</em> erscheint. Dies + ist nützlich, um den tatsächlichen Server aus + Sicherheitsgründen oder zur Lastverteilung vor dem Client zu + verstecken. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="securesocketslayer" id="securesocketslayer">Secure Sockets + Layer</a> <span class="phonetic">[siˈkjuə ˈsɔkits + ˈleiə]</span> <a name="ssl" id="ssl">(SSL)</a></dt> + <dd>Ein von der Firma Netscape Communications Corporation entwickeltes + Protokoll zur allgemeinen Authentisierung und Verschlüsselung der + Kommunikation über TCP/IP-Netzwerke. Die meistverbreitete Nutzung + ist <em>HTTPS</em>, d.h. HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) über + SSL.<br /> + Siehe: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS-Verschlüsselung</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="serversideincludes" id="serversideincludes">Server Side + Includes</a> <span class="phonetic">[səːə said + inˈkluːds]</span> <a name="ssi" id="ssi">(SSI)</a></dt> + <dd>Eine Technik zum Einbetten von weiterverarbeitenden Anweisungen in + HMTL-Dateien.<br /> + Siehe: <a href="howto/ssi.html">Einführung in Server Side + Includes</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="session" id="session">Session</a> + <span class="phonetic">[ˈseʃən]</span></dt> + <dd>Allgemein der Kontext einer Kommunikation.</dd> + + <dt><a name="ssleay" id="ssleay">SSLeay</a></dt> + <dd>Die Bibliothek der Original-SSL/TLS-Implementation von Eric A. + Young</dd> + + <dt><a name="symmetriccryptophraphy" id="symmetriccryptophraphy">Symmetrische Kryptographie</a></dt> + <dd>Die Theorie und Anwendung von <em>Chiffren</em>, die einen einzigen + geheimen Schlüssel sowohl zur Verschlüsswelung als auch zur + Entschlüsselung benutzen.<br /> + Siehe: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS-Verschlüsselung</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="tarball" id="tarball">Tarball</a> + <span class="phonetic">[taːbɔːl]</span></dt> + <dd>Ein Paket von Dateien, die mit dem Hilfsprogramm <code>tar</code> + zusammengefasst wurden. Apache-Distributionen werden in komprimierten + tar-Archiven oder unter Verwendung von pkzip gespeichert. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="transportlayersecurity" id="transportlayersecurity">Transport + Layer Security</a> <span class="phonetic">[trænsˈpɔːt + ˈeiə siˈkjuəriti]</span> + <a name="tls" id="tls">(TLS)</a></dt> + <dd>Das SSL-Nachfolgeprotokoll, das von der Internet Engineering Task + Force (IETF) zur allgemeinen Authentisierung und Verschlüsselung + einer Kommunikation über TCP/IP-Netzwerke entwickelt worden ist. + TLS Version 1 ist nahezu identisch mit SSL Version 3.<br /> + Siehe: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS-Verschlüsseliung</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="environmentvariable" id="environmentvariable">Umgebungsvariable</a> <a name="env-variable" id="env-variable">(env-Variable)</a></dt> + <dd>Benannte, von der Betriebssystem-Shell verwaltete Variablen zur + Speicherung von Informationen und zur Kommunikation zwischen Programmen. + Der Apache beinhaltet auch interne Variablen, die ebenfalls + Umgebungsvariablen genannt werden, die aber statt in der + Shell-Umgebung in internen Apache-Strukturen gespeichert sind.<br /> + Siehe: <a href="env.html">Umgebungsvariablen im Apache</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="uniformresourcelocator" id="uniformresourcelocator">Uniform + Resource Locator</a> <span class="phonetic">[ˈjuːnifɔːm + riˈsɔːs ləuˈkeitə]</span> + <a name="url" id="url">(URL)</a></dt> + <dd>Der Name bzw. die Adresse einer Ressource im Internet. Dies ist der + allgemein gebräuchliche Audruck für die formale Bezeichnung + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#uniformresourceidentifier" title="siehe Glossar">Uniform Resource + Identifier</a>. URLs bestehen üblicherweise aus einem + Schema wie <code>http</code> oder <code>https</code>, einem Hostnamen + und einem Pfad. Die URL für diese Seite ist + <code>http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/glossary.html</code>. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="uniformresourceidentifier" id="uniformresourceidentifier">Uniform Resource Identifier</a> + <span class="phonetic">[ˈjuːnifɔːm + riˈsɔːs aiˈdentifaiə]</span> + <a name="URI" id="URI">(URI)</a></dt> + <dd>Eine kompakte Zeichenfolge zur Identifizierung einer abstrakten oder + physischen Ressource. Er wird in dem <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC 2396</a> formell + definiert. Im World Wide Web verwendete URIs werden üblicherweise + als <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#url" title="siehe Glossar">URLs</a> bezeichnet. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="virtualhosting" id="virtualhosting">Virtual-Hosting</a> + <span class="phonetic">[vəˈtjuəl + həustiŋ]</span></dt> + <dd>Die Bedienung mehrere Websites mit einer einzigen Apache-Instanz. + <em>IP-basierte virtuelle Hosts</em> unterscheiden zwischen + verschiedenen Websites aufgrund ihrer IP-Adressen, während + <em>namensbasierte virtuelle Hosts</em> nur den Namen des Hosts + verwenden und daher mehrere Angebote unter der gleichen IP-Adresse + hosten können.<br /> + Siehe: <a href="vhosts/">Apache-Dokumentation zu virtuellen + Hosts</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="fully-qualifieddomain-name" id="fully-qualifieddomain-name">Voll-qualifizierter Domainname</a> + <a name="fqdn" id="fqdn">(FQDN)</a></dt> + <dd>Der eindeutige Name einer Netzwerkeinheit, bestehend aus einem + Hostnamen und dem Domainnamen, welcher zu einer IP-Adresse + aufgelöst werden kann. Zum Beispiel ist <code>www</code> ein + Hostname, <code>example.com</code> ein Domainname und + <code>www.example.com</code> ein voll-qualifizierter Domainname. + </dd> + + + <dt><a name="website" id="website">Website</a> + <span class="phonetic">[websait]</span></dt> + <dd>Im Gegensatz zur Webseite, die einer konkreten URL entspricht, ist mit + Website ein komplettes Angebot unter einem bestimmten Hostnamen (und Port) + gemeint. Dieses kann aus vielen verschiedenen Webseiten bestehen. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="x.509" id="x.509">X.509</a></dt> + <dd>Ein von der International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) empfohlenes + Schema für Authentifizierungszertifikate. Es wird für + SSL/TLS-Authentifizierungen verwendet.<br /> + Siehe: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS-Verschlüsselung</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="certificate" id="certificate">Zertifikat</a></dt> + <dd>Ein Datensatz zur <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#authentication" title="siehe Glossar">Authentisierung</a> einer + Nertzwerkeinheit wie Server oder Client. Ein Zertifikat + enthält <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#x.509" title="siehe Glossar">X.509</a>-Informationen + über seinen Eigentümer (das sogenannte Betreff + <span class="transnote">(<em>Anm.d.Ü.:</em> engl.: subject)</span>) und die + signierende <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificationauthority" title="siehe Glossar">Certification + Authority</a> (der sogenannte Aussteller <span class="transnote">(<em>Anm.d.Ü.:</em> engl.: + issuer)</span>) sowie den <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#publickey" title="siehe Glossar">öffentlichen Schlüssel</a> des + Eigentümers und die Signatur der CA. Netzwerkeinheiten + überprüfen diese Signatur mit Hilfe von CA-Zertifikaten.<br /> + Siehe: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS-Verschlüsselung</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="accesscontrol" id="accesscontrol">Zugriffskontrolle</a></dt> + <dd>Die Beschränkung des Zugriffs auf Netzwerkbereiche. Im + Apache-Kontext in der Regel die Zugriffsbeschränkung auf bestimmte + <em>URLs</em>.<br /> + Siehe: <a href="howto/auth.html">Authentisierung, Autorisierung und + Zugriffskontrolle</a> + </dd> + </dl> +</div></div> +<div class="bottomlang"> +<p><span>Verfügbare Sprachen: </span><a href="./de/glossary.html" title="Deutsch"> de </a> | +<a href="./en/glossary.html" hreflang="en" rel="alternate" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="./es/glossary.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> | +<a href="./fr/glossary.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> | +<a href="./ja/glossary.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | +<a href="./ko/glossary.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="./tr/glossary.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="./images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Kommentare</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. 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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/manual/glossary.html.en b/docs/manual/glossary.html.en new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ce4f11c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/glossary.html.en @@ -0,0 +1,515 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head> +<meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type" /> +<!-- + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + --> +<title>Glossary - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</title> +<link href="./style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> +<link href="./style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> +<link href="./style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./style/css/prettify.css" /> +<script src="./style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript"> +</script> + +<link href="./images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head> +<body id="manual-page" class="no-sidebar"><div id="page-header"> +<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p> +<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</p> +<img alt="" src="./images/feather.png" /></div> +<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div> +<div id="path"> +<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.4</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Glossary</h1> +<div class="toplang"> +<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./de/glossary.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> | +<a href="./en/glossary.html" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="./es/glossary.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> | +<a href="./fr/glossary.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> | +<a href="./ja/glossary.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | +<a href="./ko/glossary.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="./tr/glossary.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div> + + <p>This glossary defines some of the common terminology related to Apache in + particular, and web serving in general. More information on each concept + is provided in the links.</p> + </div> +<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="definitions" id="definitions">Definitions</a></h2> + + <dl> + <dt><a name="accesscontrol" id="accesscontrol">Access Control</a></dt> + <dd>The restriction of access to network realms. In an Apache context + usually the restriction of access to certain <em>URLs</em>.<br /> See: <a href="howto/auth.html">Authentication, Authorization, and Access + Control</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="algorithm" id="algorithm">Algorithm</a></dt> + <dd>An unambiguous formula or set of rules for solving a problem in a finite + number of steps. Algorithms for encryption are usually called + <dfn>Ciphers</dfn>. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="apacheextensiontool" id="apacheextensiontool">APache + eXtension Tool</a> <a name="apxs" id="apxs">(apxs)</a></dt> + <dd>A perl script that aids in compiling <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#module" title="see glossary">module</a> sources into Dynamic Shared Objects + (<a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#dso" title="see glossary">DSO</a>s) and helps install them in the + Apache Web server.<br /> + See: Manual Page: <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apxs.html">apxs</a></code> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="apacheportableruntime" id="apacheportableruntime">Apache Portable Runtime</a> <a name="apr" id="apr">(APR)</a></dt> + <dd>A set of libraries providing many of the basic interfaces + between the server and the operating system. APR is developed + parallel to the Apache HTTP Server as an independent project.<br /> + See: <a href="http://apr.apache.org/">Apache Portable Runtime + Project</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="authentication" id="authentication">Authentication</a></dt> + <dd>The positive identification of a network entity such as a server, a + client, or a user.<br /> + See: <a href="howto/auth.html">Authentication, Authorization, and Access + Control</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="certificate" id="certificate">Certificate</a></dt> + <dd>A data record used for authenticating network entities such + as a server or a client. A certificate contains X.509 information pieces + about its owner (called the subject) and the signing <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificationauthority" title="see glossary">Certification Authority</a> (called + the issuer), plus the owner's <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#publickey" title="see glossary">public + key</a> and the + signature made by the CA. Network entities verify these signatures + using CA certificates.<br /> + See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="certificatsigningrequest" id="certificatsigningrequest">Certificate Signing Request</a> + <a name="csr" id="csr">(CSR)</a></dt> + <dd>An unsigned <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificate" title="see glossary">certificate</a> for + submission to a <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificationauthority" title="see glossary">Certification + Authority</a>, which signs it with the <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#privatekey" title="see glossary">Private Key</a> of their CA + <em>Certificate</em>. Once the CSR is signed, it becomes a real + certificate.<br /> + See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="certificationauthority" id="certificationauthority">Certification Authority</a> + <a name="ca" id="ca">(CA)</a></dt> + <dd>A trusted third party whose purpose is to sign certificates for network + entities it has authenticated using secure means. Other network entities + can check the signature to verify that a CA has authenticated the bearer + of a certificate.<br /> + See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="cipher" id="cipher">Cipher</a></dt> + <dd>An algorithm or system for data encryption. Examples are DES, IDEA, RC4, + etc.<br /> + See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="ciphertext" id="ciphertext">Ciphertext</a></dt> + <dd>The result after <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#plaintext" title="see glossary">Plaintext</a> is + passed through a <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#cipher" title="see glossary">Cipher</a>.<br /> See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="commongatewayinterface" id="commongatewayinterface">Common + Gateway Interface</a> <a name="cgi" id="cgi">(CGI)</a></dt> + <dd>A standard definition for an interface between a web server and an + external program that allows the external program to service requests. + There is an <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3875">Informational + RFC</a> which covers the specifics.<br /> + See: <a href="howto/cgi.html">Dynamic Content with CGI</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="configurationdirective" id="configurationdirective">Configuration Directive</a></dt> + <dd>See: <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="see glossary">Directive</a></dd> + + <dt><a name="configurationfile" id="configurationfile">Configuration + File</a></dt> + <dd>A text file containing <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="see glossary">Directives</a> + that control the configuration of Apache.<br /> + See: <a href="configuring.html">Configuration Files</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="connect" id="connect">CONNECT</a></dt> + <dd>An HTTP <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#method" title="see glossary">method</a> for proxying raw data + channels over HTTP. It can be used to encapsulate other protocols, such as + the SSL protocol. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="context" id="context">Context</a></dt> + <dd>An area in the <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="see glossary">configuration + files</a> where certain types of <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="see glossary">directives</a> are allowed.<br /> + See: <a href="mod/directive-dict.html#Context">Terms Used to Describe + Apache Directives</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="digitalsignature" id="digitalsignature">Digital + Signature</a></dt> + <dd>An encrypted text block that validates a certificate or other file. A + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificationauthority" title="see glossary">Certification Authority</a> + creates a signature by generating a hash of the <em>Public Key</em> + embedded in a <em>Certificate</em>, then encrypting the hash with its own + <em>Private Key</em>. Only the CA's public key can decrypt the signature, + verifying that the CA has authenticated the network entity that owns the + <em>Certificate</em>.<br /> + See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="directive" id="directive">Directive</a></dt> + <dd>A configuration command that controls one or more aspects of Apache's + behavior. Directives are placed in the <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="see glossary">Configuration File</a><br /> + See: <a href="mod/directives.html">Directive Index</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="dynamicsharedobject" id="dynamicsharedobject">Dynamic + Shared Object</a> <a name="dso" id="dso">(DSO)</a></dt> + <dd><a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#module" title="see glossary">Modules</a> compiled separately from the + Apache <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> binary that can be loaded on-demand.<br /> + See: <a href="dso.html">Dynamic Shared Object Support</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="environmentvariable" id="environmentvariable">Environment + Variable</a> <a name="env-variable" id="env-variable">(env-variable)</a></dt> + <dd>Named variables managed by the operating system shell and used to store + information and communicate between programs. Apache also contains + internal variables that are referred to as environment variables, but are + stored in internal Apache structures, rather than in the shell + environment.<br /> + See: <a href="env.html">Environment Variables in Apache</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="export-crippled" id="export-crippled">Export-Crippled</a></dt> + <dd>Diminished in cryptographic strength (and security) in order to comply + with the United States' Export Administration Regulations (EAR). + Export-crippled cryptographic software is limited to a small key size, + resulting in <em>Ciphertext</em> which usually can be decrypted by brute + force.<br /> + See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="filter" id="filter">Filter</a></dt> + <dd>A process that is applied to data that is sent or received by the + server. Input filters process data sent by the client to the server, + while output filters process documents on the server before they are sent + to the client. For example, the <code>INCLUDES</code> output filter + processes documents for <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#ssi" title="see glossary">Server Side + Includes</a>.<br /> + See: <a href="filter.html">Filters</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="fully-qualifieddomain-name" id="fully-qualifieddomain-name">Fully-Qualified Domain-Name</a> + <a name="fqdn" id="fqdn">(FQDN)</a></dt> + <dd>The unique name of a network entity, consisting of a hostname and a + domain name that can resolve to an IP address. For example, + <code>www</code> is a hostname, <code>example.com</code> is a domain name, + and <code>www.example.com</code> is a fully-qualified domain name. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="handler" id="handler">Handler</a></dt> + <dd>An internal Apache representation of the action to be performed when a + file is called. Generally, files have implicit handlers, based on the file + type. Normally, all files are simply served by the server, but certain + file types are "handled" separately. For example, the + <code>cgi-script</code> handler designates files to be processed as + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#cgi" title="see glossary">CGIs</a>.<br /> + See: <a href="handler.html">Apache's Handler Use</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="hash" id="hash">Hash</a></dt> + <dd>A mathematical one-way, irreversible algorithm generating a string with + fixed-length from another string of any length. Different input strings + will usually produce different hashes (depending on the hash function). + </dd> + + <dt><a name="header" id="header">Header</a></dt> + <dd>The part of the <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#http" title="see glossary">HTTP</a> request and + response that is sent before the actual content, and that contains + meta-information describing the content. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="htaccess" id="htaccess">.htaccess</a></dt> + <dd>A <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="see glossary">configuration file</a> that + is placed inside the web tree and applies configuration <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="see glossary">directives</a> to the directory where it is + placed and all sub-directories. Despite its name, this file can hold + almost any type of directive, not just access-control directives.<br /> + See: <a href="configuring.html">Configuration Files</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="httpd.conf" id="httpd.conf">httpd.conf</a></dt> + <dd>The main Apache <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="see glossary">configuration + file</a>. The default location is + <code>/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf</code>, but it may be moved using + run-time or compile-time configuration.<br /> + See: <a href="configuring.html">Configuration Files</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="hypertexttransferprotocol" id="hypertexttransferprotocol">HyperText Transfer Protocol</a> + <a name="http" id="hhtp">(HTTP)</a></dt> + <dd>The standard transmission protocol used on the World Wide Web. Apache + implements version 1.1 of the protocol, referred to as HTTP/1.1 and + defined by <a href="http://ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt">RFC 2616</a>. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="https" id="https">HTTPS</a></dt> + <dd>The HyperText Transfer Protocol (Secure), the standard encrypted + communication mechanism on the World Wide Web. This is actually just HTTP + over <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#ssl" title="see glossary">SSL</a>.<br /> + See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="method" id="method">Method</a></dt> + <dd>In the context of <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#http" title="see glossary">HTTP</a>, an action to + perform on a resource, specified on the request line by the client. Some + of the methods available in HTTP are <code>GET</code>, <code>POST</code>, + and <code>PUT</code>. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="messagedigest" id="messagedigest">Message Digest</a></dt> + <dd>A hash of a message, which can be used to verify that the contents of + the message have not been altered in transit.<br /> + See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="mime-type" id="mime-type">MIME-type</a></dt> + <dd>A way to describe the kind of document being transmitted. Its name + comes from that fact that its format is borrowed from the Multipurpose + Internet Mail Extensions. It consists of a major type and a minor type, + separated by a slash. Some examples are <code>text/html</code>, + <code>image/gif</code>, and <code>application/octet-stream</code>. In + HTTP, the MIME-type is transmitted in the <code>Content-Type</code> + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#header" title="see glossary">header</a>.<br /> + See: <a href="mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="module" id="module">Module</a></dt> + <dd>An independent part of a program. Much of Apache's functionality is + contained in modules that you can choose to include or exclude. Modules + that are compiled into the Apache <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> binary are + called <dfn>static modules</dfn>, while modules that are stored + separately and can be optionally loaded at run-time are called + <dfn>dynamic modules</dfn> or <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#dso" title="see glossary">DSOs</a>. + Modules that are included by default + are called <dfn>base modules</dfn>. Many modules are available for Apache + that are not distributed as part of the Apache HTTP Server <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#tarball" title="see glossary">tarball</a>. These are referred to as + <dfn>third-party modules</dfn>.<br /> + See: <a href="mod/">Module Index</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="modulemagicnumber" id="modulemagicnumber">Module Magic + Number</a> (<a name="mmn" id="mmn">MMN</a>)</dt> + <dd>Module Magic Number is a constant defined in the Apache source code that + is associated with binary compatibility of modules. It is changed when + internal Apache structures, function calls and other significant parts of + API change in such a way that binary compatibility cannot be guaranteed + any more. On MMN change, all third party modules have to be at least + recompiled, sometimes even slightly changed in order to work with the new + version of Apache. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="openssl" id="openssl">OpenSSL</a></dt> + <dd>The Open Source toolkit for SSL/TLS<br /> + See <a href="http://www.openssl.org/">http://www.openssl.org/</a># + </dd> + + <dt><a name="passphrase" id="passphrase">Pass Phrase</a></dt> + <dd>The word or phrase that protects private key files. It prevents + unauthorized users from encrypting them. Usually it's just the secret + encryption/decryption key used for <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#cipher" title="see glossary">Ciphers</a>.<br /> + See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="plaintext" id="plaintext">Plaintext</a></dt> + <dd>The unencrypted text.</dd> + + <dt><a name="privatekey" id="privatekey">Private Key</a></dt> + <dd>The secret key in a <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#publickeycryptography" title="see glossary">Public Key + Cryptography</a> system, used to decrypt incoming messages and + sign outgoing ones.<br /> + See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="proxy" id="proxy">Proxy</a></dt> + <dd>An intermediate server that sits between the client and the <em>origin + server</em>. It accepts requests from clients, transmits those requests + on to the origin server, and then returns the response from the origin + server to the client. If several clients request the same content, the + proxy can deliver that content from its cache, rather than requesting it + from the origin server each time, thereby reducing response time.<br /> + See: <a href="mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="publickey" id="publickey">Public Key</a></dt> + <dd>The publicly available key in a <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#publickeycryptography" title="see glossary">Public Key Cryptography</a> system, + used to encrypt messages bound for its owner and to decrypt signatures + made by its owner.<br /> + See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="publickeycryptography" id="publickeycryptography">Public Key Cryptography</a></dt> + <dd>The study and application of asymmetric encryption systems, which use + one key for encryption and another for decryption. A corresponding pair of + such keys constitutes a key pair. Also called Asymmetric Cryptography. + <br /> + See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="regularexpression" id="regularexpression">Regular Expression</a> + <a name="regex" id="regex">(Regex)</a></dt> + <dd>A way of describing a pattern in text - for example, "all the words that + begin with the letter A" or "every 10-digit phone number" or even "Every + sentence with two commas in it, and no capital letter Q". Regular + expressions are useful in Apache because they let you apply certain + attributes against collections of files or resources in very flexible ways + - for example, all .gif and .jpg files under any "images" directory could + be written as "<code>/images/.*(jpg|gif)$</code>". In places where + regular expressions are used to replace strings, the special variables + $1 ... $9 contain backreferences to the grouped parts (in parentheses) of + the matched expression. The special variable $0 contains a backreference + to the whole matched expression. To write a literal dollar sign in a + replacement string, it can be escaped with a backslash. Historically, the + variable & could be used as alias for $0 in some places. This is no + longer possible since version 2.3.6. Apache uses Perl Compatible Regular + Expressions provided by the <a href="http://www.pcre.org/">PCRE</a> + library. You can find more documentation about PCRE's regular expression + syntax at that site, or at + <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCRE">Wikipedia</a>. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="reverseproxy" id="reverseproxy">Reverse Proxy</a></dt> + <dd>A <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#proxy" title="see glossary">proxy</a> server that appears to the client + as if it is an <em>origin server</em>. This is useful to hide the real + origin server from the client for security reasons, or to load balance. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="securesocketslayer" id="securesocketslayer">Secure Sockets + Layer</a> <a name="ssl" id="ssl">(SSL)</a></dt> + <dd>A protocol created by Netscape Communications Corporation for general + communication authentication and encryption over TCP/IP networks. The most + popular usage is <em>HTTPS</em>, i.e. the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) + over SSL.<br /> + See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="servernameindication" id="servernameindication">Server Name + Indication</a> <a name="sni" id="sni">(SNI)</a></dt> + <dd>An SSL function that allows passing the desired server + hostname in the initial SSL handshake message, so that the web + server can select the correct virtual host configuration to use + in processing the SSL handshake. It was added to SSL starting + with the TLS extensions, RFC 3546. <br /> + See: <a href="ssl/ssl_faq.html">the SSL FAQ</a> + and <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3546.txt">RFC 3546</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="serversideincludes" id="serversideincludes">Server Side + Includes</a> <a name="ssi" id="ssi">(SSI)</a></dt> + <dd>A technique for embedding processing directives inside HTML files.<br /> + See: <a href="howto/ssi.html">Introduction to Server Side Includes</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="session" id="session">Session</a></dt> + <dd>The context information of a communication in general.</dd> + + <dt><a name="ssleay" id="ssleay">SSLeay</a></dt> + <dd>The original SSL/TLS implementation library developed by Eric A. + Young + </dd> + + <dt><a name="subrequest" id="subrequest">Subrequest</a></dt> + <dd>Apache provides a subrequest API to modules that allows other + filesystem or URL paths to be partially or fully evaluated by + the server. Example consumers of this API are + <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_dir.html#directoryindex">DirectoryIndex</a></code>, + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_autoindex.html">mod_autoindex</a></code>, and <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_include.html">mod_include</a></code>. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="symmetriccryptophraphy" id="symmetriccryptophraphy">Symmetric + Cryptography</a></dt> + <dd>The study and application of <em>Ciphers</em> that use a single secret key + for both encryption and decryption operations.<br /> + See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="tarball" id="tarball">Tarball</a></dt> + <dd>A package of files gathered together using the <code>tar</code> utility. + Apache distributions are stored in compressed tar archives or using + pkzip. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="transportlayersecurity" id="transportlayersecurity">Transport + Layer Security</a> <a name="tls" id="tls">(TLS)</a></dt> + <dd>The successor protocol to SSL, created by the Internet Engineering Task + Force (IETF) for general communication authentication and encryption over + TCP/IP networks. TLS version 1 is nearly identical with SSL version 3.<br /> + See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="uniformresourcelocator" id="uniformresourcelocator">Uniform + Resource Locator</a> <a name="url" id="url">(URL)</a></dt> + <dd>The name/address of a resource on the Internet. This is the common + informal term for what is formally called a <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#uniformresourceidentifier" title="see glossary">Uniform Resource Identifier</a>. + URLs are usually made up of a scheme, like <code>http</code> or + <code>https</code>, a hostname, and a path. A URL for this page might + be <code>http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/glossary.html</code>. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="uniformresourceidentifier" id="uniformresourceidentifier">Uniform Resource Identifier</a> + <a name="URI" id="URI">(URI)</a></dt> + <dd>A compact string of characters for identifying an abstract or physical + resource. It is formally defined by <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC 2396</a>. URIs used on the + world-wide web are commonly referred to as <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#url" title="see glossary">URLs</a>. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="virtualhosting" id="virtualhosting">Virtual Hosting</a></dt> + <dd>Serving multiple websites using a single instance of Apache. <em>IP + virtual hosting</em> differentiates between websites based on their IP + address, while <em>name-based virtual hosting</em> uses only the name of the + host and can therefore host many sites on the same IP address.<br /> + See: <a href="vhosts/">Apache Virtual Host documentation</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="x.509" id="x.509">X.509</a></dt> + <dd>An authentication certificate scheme recommended by the International + Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) which is used for SSL/TLS authentication.<br /> See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> + </dd> + </dl> +</div></div> +<div class="bottomlang"> +<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./de/glossary.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> | +<a href="./en/glossary.html" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="./es/glossary.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> | +<a href="./fr/glossary.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> | +<a href="./ja/glossary.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | +<a href="./ko/glossary.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="./tr/glossary.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="./images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. 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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/manual/glossary.html.es b/docs/manual/glossary.html.es new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ac1c6f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/glossary.html.es @@ -0,0 +1,556 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="es" xml:lang="es"><head> +<meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" http-equiv="Content-Type" /> +<!-- + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + --> +<title>Glosario - Servidor HTTP Apache Versión 2.4</title> +<link href="./style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> +<link href="./style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> +<link href="./style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./style/css/prettify.css" /> +<script src="./style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript"> +</script> + +<link href="./images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head> +<body id="manual-page" class="no-sidebar"><div id="page-header"> +<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Módulos</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directivas</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">Preguntas Frecuentes</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glosario</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Mapa del sitio web</a></p> +<p class="apache">Versión 2.4 del Servidor HTTP Apache</p> +<img alt="" src="./images/feather.png" /></div> +<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div> +<div id="path"> +<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">Servidor HTTP</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentación</a> > <a href="./">Versión 2.4</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Glosario</h1> +<div class="toplang"> +<p><span>Idiomas disponibles: </span><a href="./de/glossary.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> | +<a href="./en/glossary.html" hreflang="en" rel="alternate" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="./es/glossary.html" title="Español"> es </a> | +<a href="./fr/glossary.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> | +<a href="./ja/glossary.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | +<a href="./ko/glossary.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="./tr/glossary.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div> + + <p>Éste glosario define las terminologías más comunes + relacionada con Apache en particular, y con los servidores web en + general. En los enlaces que hay asociados a cada término se puede + encontrar información más detallada de cada uno.</p> + </div> +<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="definitions" id="definitions">Definiciones</a></h2> + <dl> + <dt><a name="algorithm" id="algorithm">Algoritmo</a></dt> + <dd>Un proceso definido sin ambigüedades o un conjunto de reglas + para solucionar un problema en un número finito de pasos. + Los algoritmos para encriptar se llaman + normalmente <dfn>algoritmos de cifrado</dfn>. + </dd> + + + <dt><a name="cipher" id="cipher">Algoritmo de cifrado, (Cipher). </a></dt> + <dd>Es un algoritmo o sistema de encriptado de información. + Ejemplos de estos algoritmos son DES, IDEA, RC4, etc.<br /> + Consulte: <a href="ssl/">Encriptado SSL/TLS</a></dd> + + <dt><a name="authentication" id="authentication">Autenticación.</a></dt> + <dd>La identificación positiva de una entidad de red tal como un + servidor, un cliente, o un usuario.<br /> + Consulte: <a href="howto/auth.html">Autentificación, Autorización, + y Control de Acceso</a></dd> + + + <dt><a name="certificationauthority" id="certificationauthority">Autoridad Certificadora.</a> <a name="ca">(CA)</a></dt> <dd>Es una entidad externa de confianza cuyo fin + es firmar certificados para las entidades de red que ha autentificado + usando medios seguros. Otras entidades de red pueden verificar la + firma para comprobar que una Autoridad Certificadora ha autentificado + al poseedor del certificado.<br /> Consulte: <a href="ssl/">Encriptado + SSL/TLS</a></dd> + + + <dt><a name="header" id="header">Cabecera.</a></dt> <dd>Es la parte de la + petición y la respuesta <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#http" title="ver glosario">HTTP</a> que se + envía antes del contenido propiamente dicho, y que contiene + meta-información describiendo el contenido.</dd> + + <dt><a name="certificate" id="certificate">Certificado.</a></dt> + <dd>Una información que se almacena para autenticar entidades + de red tales como un servidor o un cliente. Un certificado + contiene piezas de información X.509 sobre su poseedor + (llamado sujeto) y sobre la <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificationauthority" title="ver glosario">Autoridad Certificadora</a> + (llamada el emisor) que lo firma, más la <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#publickey" title="ver glosario">clave pública</a> del propietario y la firma de + la AC(Autoridad Certificadora). Las entidades de red verifican las firmas usando + certificados de las AC.<br /> + Consulte: <a href="ssl/">Encriptado SSL/TLS</a> + </dd> + + + + <dt><a name="publickey" id="publickey">Clave Pública.</a></dt> + <dd>La clave disponible + públicamente en un <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#publickeycryptography" title="ver glosario">sistema + criptográfico de Clave Pública</a>, usado para encriptar + mensajes destinados a su propietario y para desencriptar firmas hechas + por su propietario.<br /> Consulte: <a href="ssl/">Encriptado + SSL/TLS</a></dd> + + + + <dt><a name="privatekey" id="privatekey">Clave Privada.</a></dt> + <dd>La clave secreta + de un <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#publickeycryptography" title="ver glosario">Sistema criptográfico de + Clave Pública</a>, usada para desencriptar los mensajes entrantes + y firmar los salientes.<br /> Consulte: <a href="ssl/">Encriptado + SSL/TLS</a></dd> + + + <dt><a name="connect" id="connect">CONNECT</a></dt> <dd>Un <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#method" title="ver glosario">método</a> de HTTP para hacer proxy a canales de + datos sin usar HTTP. Puede usarse para encapsular otros protocolos, + tales como el protocolo SSL.</dd> + + + + <dt><a name="context" id="context">Contexto</a></dt> <dd>Un área en los + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="ver glosario">ficheros de configuración</a> + donde están permitidos ciertos tipos de <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="ver glosario">directivas</a>.<br /> + Consulte: <a href="mod/directive-dict.html#Context">Términos + usados para describir las directivas de Apache</a></dd> + + + <dt><a name="accesscontrol" id="accesscontrol">Control de Acceso.</a></dt> + <dd>La + restricción en el acceso al entorno de una red. En el contexto de + Apache significa normalmente la restricción en el acceso a + ciertas <em>URLs</em>.<br /> + Consulte: <a href="howto/auth.html">Autentificación, Autorización, y + Control de Acceso</a></dd> + + + <dt><a name="symmetriccryptophraphy">Criptografía + Simétrica</a></dt> <dd>El estudio y aplicación de + <em>Algoritmos de Cifrado</em> que usan una sola clave secreta tanto + para cifrar como para descifrar.<br /> Consulte: <a href="ssl/">Encriptado SSL/TLS</a></dd> + + + <dt><a name="directive" id="directive">Directiva</a></dt> + <dd>Un comando de + configuración que controla uno o más aspectos del + comportamiento de Apache. Las directivas se ponen en el <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="ver glosario">Fichero de Configuración</a><br /> + Consulte: <a href="mod/directives.html">Índice de + Directivas</a></dd> + + <dt><a name="configurationdirective" id="configurationdirective">Directivas de + configuración.</a></dt> <dd>Consulte: <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="ver glosario">Directivas</a></dd> + + <dt><a name="apacheportableruntime" id="apacheportableruntime">Entorno Portable de tiempo de ejecución de Apache, </a> <a name="apr" id="apr">(APR, Apache Portable Runtime)</a></dt> + <dd>Es un conjunto de librerías que proveen las interfaces básicas + entre el servidor y el sistema operativo. El desarrollo de APR es + paralelo al del Servidor HTTP Apache, como un proyecto independiente. + Puedes visitar el proyecto en:<br /> + <a href="http://apr.apache.org/">Apache Portable Runtime + Project</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="export-crippled" id="export-crippled">Export-Crippled</a></dt> + <dd>Disminución de la fortaleza criptográfica (y seguridad) + para cumplir con las Regulaciones sobre Exportación de la + Administración de los Estados Unidos (EAR). El software + criptográfico Export-crippled está limitado a una clave de + pequeño tamaño, de tal manera que el <em>texto cifrado</em> + que se consigue con él, puede descifrarse por medio de fuerza bruta.<br /> Consulte: <a href="ssl/">Encriptado SSL/TLS</a></dd> + + + <dt><a name="regularexpresion" id="regularexpresion">Expresiones Regulares</a> + <a name="regex">(Regex)</a></dt> <dd>Una forma de describir un patrón en un + texto - por ejemplo, "todas las palabras que empiezan con la letra "A" + o "todos los números de teléfono que contienen 10 + dígitos" o incluso "Todas las frases entre comas, y que no + contengan ninguna letra Q". Las Expresiones Regulares son útiles en + Apache porque permiten aplicar ciertos atributos a colecciones de + ficheros o recursos de una forma flexible - por ejemplo, todos los + archivos .gif y .jpg que estén en el directorio "imágenes" + podrían ser escritos como "<code>/images/.*(jpg|gif)$</code>". + En los lugares donde expresiones regulares se utilizan para reemplazar + cadenas, las variables especiales $ 1 ... $ 9 contienen + referencias inversa las partes agrupadas (entre paréntesis) + de la expresión coincidente. La variable especial $ 0 contiene + una referencia inversa a todo el ejemplar de la expresión. + Para escribir un símbolo de dolar literal en una sustitución de + una cadena, se puede escapar usando "\". Históricamente, la variable & + se podía usar como un alias a $0 en algunos sitios. + Esto ya no esta soportado desde la versión 2.3.6. + Apache usa Expresiones Regulares compatibles con Perl gracias a la + librería <a href="http://www.pcre.org/">PCRE</a>. + Puedes encontrar más documentación sobre las expresiones regulares + de PCRE y su sintaxis en esa página o en la + <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCRE">Wikipedia</a>.</dd> + + + + <dt><a name="configurationfile" id="configurationfile">Fichero de Configuración.</a></dt> + <dd>Un fichero de texto que contiene <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="ver glosario">Directivas</a> que controlan la configuración + de Apache.<br /> Consulte: <a href="configuring.html">Ficheros de + Configuración</a></dd> + + + <dt><a name="htaccess" id="htaccess">.htaccess</a></dt> + <dd>Un <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="ver glosario">fichero de configuración</a> que se + pone dentro de la estructura de directorios del sitio web y aplica <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="ver glosario">directivas</a> de configuración al directorio + en el que está y a sus subdirectorios. A pesar de su nombre, este + fichero puede contener cualquier tipo de directivas, no solo + directivas de control de acceso.<br /> Consulte: <a href="configuring.html">Ficheros de Configuración</a> para más información.</dd> + + <dt><a name="httpd.conf" id="httpd.conf">httpd.conf</a></dt> + <dd>Es el <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="ver glosario">fichero de configuración</a> principal + de Apache. Su ubicación por defecto es + <code>/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf</code>, pero puede moverse + usando opciones de configuración al compilar o al iniciar + Apache.<br /> Consulte: <a href="configuring.html">Ficheros de + Configuración</a></dd> + + <dt><a name="filter" id="filter">Filtro</a></dt> + <dd>Un proceso que se aplica a la + información que es enviada o recibida por el servidor. Los + ficheros de entrada procesan la información enviada por un + cliente al servidor, mientras que los filtros de salida procesan la + información en el servidor antes de enviársela al + cliente. Por ejemplo, el filtro de salida <code>INCLUDES</code> + procesa documentos para <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#ssi" title="ver glosario">Server Side Includes</a>.<br /> + Consulte: <a href="filter.html">Filtros</a></dd> + + + + <dt><a name="digitalsignature" id="digitalsignature">Firma Digital</a></dt> + <dd>Un bloque de + texto encriptado que verifica la validez de un certificado o de otro + fichero. Una <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificationauthority" title="ver glosario">Autoridad + Certificadora</a> crea una firma generando un hash a partir de la + <em>Clave Pública</em> que lleva incorporada en un + <em>Certificado</em>, después encriptando el hash con su propia + <em>Clave Privada</em>. Solo las claves públicas de las CAs + pueden desencriptar la firma, verificando que la CA ha autentificado a + la entidad de red propietaria del <em>Certificado</em>.<br /> + Consulte: <a href="ssl/">Encriptado SSL/TLS</a></dd> + + <dt><a name="handler" id="handler">Handler</a></dt> + <dd>Es una representación + interna de Apache de una acción a ser ejecutada cuando se llama a + un fichero. Generalmente, los ficheros tienen un handler (manejador) + implícito, basado en el tipo de fichero. Normalmente, todos los + ficheros son simplemente servidos por el servidor, pero sobre algunos + tipos de ficheros se ejecutan acciones complementarias. Por ejemplo, + el handler <code>cgi-script</code> designa los ficheros a ser + procesados como <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#cgi" title="ver glosario">CGIs</a>.<br /> Consulte: <a href="handler.html">Uso de Handlers en Apache</a></dd> + + <dt><a name="apacheextensiontool" id="apacheextensiontool">Herramienta de extensión de + Apache.</a> <a name="apxs" id="apxs">(apxs)</a></dt> + <dd>Es un script escrito en Perl que ayuda a compilar el código + fuente de algunos <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#module" title="ver glosario">módulos</a> para + convertirlos en Objetos Dinámicos Compartidos (<a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#dso.html" title="ver glosario">DSO</a>s) + y ayuda a instalarlos en el Servidor Web de Apache.<br /> + Consulte: Manual de: <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apxs.html">apxs</a></code></dd> + + + + <dt><a name="hash" id="hash">Hash</a></dt> + <dd>Algoritmo matemático de un solo sentido e irreversible, que genera + una cadena de una determinada longitud de otra cadena de + cualquier tamaño. Diferentes entradas darán diferentes hashes + (dependiendo de la función hash.) + </dd> + + + + + + <dt><a name="virtualhosting">Hosting Virtual</a></dt> <dd>Se trata de + servir diferentes sitios web con una sola entidad de Apache. <em>El + hosting virtual de IPs</em> diferencia los sitios web basándose en sus + direcciones IP, mientras que el <em>hosting virtual basado en + nombres</em> usa solo el nombre del host y de esta manera puede alojar + muchos sitios web con la misma dirección IP.<br /> Consulte: <a href="vhosts/">Documentación sobre Hosting Virtual en + Apache</a></dd> + + + <dt><a name="uniformresourceidentifier">Identificador de Recursos + Uniforme</a> <a name="URI">(URI)</a></dt> <dd>Una cadena de caracteres + compacta para identificar un recurso físico o abstracto. Se + define formalmente en la <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC 2396</a>. Los URIs que + se usan en world-wide web se refieren normalmente como <a href="#url">URLs</a>.</dd> + + + + + <dt><a name="servernameindication" id="servernameindication">Indicador del Nombre del servidor</a> + <a name="sni" id="sni"> Server Name Indication (SNI) </a></dt> + <dd>Una función SSL que permite pasar el nombre de host del servidor deseado + en el mensaje inicial del protocolo de enlace SSL, para que el servidor web + pueda seleccionar la configuración correcta del host virtual para usar en el + procesamiento del protocolo de enlace SSL. Se añadió a SSL + con las extensiones TLS en el RFC 3546. <br /> + See: <a href="ssl/ssl_faq.html">the SSL FAQ</a> + and <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3546.txt">RFC 3546</a> + </dd> + + + + + <dt><a name="commongatewayinterface" id="commongatewayinterface">Interfaz de Pasarela Común.</a> <a name="cgi"> Common Gateway Interface (CGI)</a></dt> + <dd>Una definición estándar para + un interfaz entre un servidor web y un programa externo que permite + hacer peticiones de servicio a los programas externos. Este interfaz + esta definido en el <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3875">RFC-3875</a>.<br /> + Consulte: <a href="howto/cgi.html">Contenido Dinámico con CGI</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="uniformresourcelocator">Localizador de Recursos + Uniforme</a> <a name="url">(URL)</a></dt> + <dd>El nombre de un recurso + en Internet. Es la manera informal de decir lo que formalmente se + llama un <a href="#uniformresourceidentifier">Identificador de + Recursos Uniforme</a>. Las URLs están compuestas normalmente por + un esquema, tal como <code>http</code> o <code>https</code>, un nombre + de host, y una ruta. Una URL para esta página es + <code>http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/glossary.html</code>.</dd> + + + <dt><a name="module" id="module">Módulo</a></dt> + <dd>Una parte independiente + de un programa. La mayor parte de la funcionalidad de Apache + está contenida en módulos que pueden incluirse o excluirse. + Los módulos que se compilan con el binario <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>de Apache se + llaman <em>módulos estáticos</em>, mientras que los que se + almacenan de forma separada y pueden ser cargados de forma opcional, + se llaman <em>módulos dinámicos</em> o <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#dso" title="ver glosario">DSOs</a>. + Los módulos que están incluidos por defecto de llaman + <em>módulos base</em>. Hay muchos módulos disponibles para + Apache que no se distribuyen con la <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#tarball" title="ver glosario">tarball</a> del + Servidor HTTP Apache. Estos módulos son llamados + <em>módulos de terceros</em>.<br /> Consulte: <a href="mod/">Índice de Módulos</a></dd> + + + <dt><a name="method" id="method">Método</a></dt> + <dd>En el contexto de <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#http" title="ver glosario">HTTP</a>, es una acción a ejecutar sobre un recurso, + especificado en la líneas de petición por el cliente. + Algunos de los métodos disponibles en HTTP son <code>GET</code>, + <code>POST</code>, y <code>PUT</code>.</dd> + + <dt><a name="messagedigest" id="messagedigest">Mensaje Resumen (Message Digest)</a></dt> + <dd>Un hash de un + mensaje, el cual pude ser usado para verificar que el contenido del + mensaje no ha sido alterado durante la transmisión.<br /> + Consulte: <a href="ssl/">Encriptado SSL/TLS</a></dd> + + <dt><a name="mime-type" id="mime-type">MIME-type</a></dt> + <dd>Una manera de describir + el tipo de documento a ser transmitido. Su nombre viene del hecho de + que su formato se toma de las Extensiones del "Multipurpose Internet + Mail". Consiste en dos componentes, uno principal y otro secundario, + separados por una barra. Algunos ejemplos son <code>text/html</code>, + <code>image/gif</code>, y <code>application/octet-stream</code>. En + HTTP, el tipo MIME se transmite en la <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#header" title="ver glosario">cabecera</a> + del <code>Tipo Contenido</code>.<br /> Consulte: <a href="mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a></dd> + + <dt><a name="modulemagicnumber" id="modulemagicnumber">Módulo del Número Mágico</a> + (<a name="mmn">MMN Module Magic + Number</a>)</dt> <dd> El módulo del número + mágico es una constante definida en el código + fuente de Apache que está asociado con la compatibilidad binaria + de los módulos. Ese número cambia cuando cambian las + estructuras internas de Apache, las llamadas a funciones y otras + partes significativas de la interfaz de programación de manera + que la compatibilidad binaria no puede garantizarse sin cambiarlo. Si + cambia el número mágico de módulo, todos los + módulos de terceros tienen que ser al menos recompilados, y + algunas veces, incluso hay que introducir ligeras modificaciones para + que funcionen con la nueva versión de Apache </dd> + + + <dt><a name="fully-qualifieddomain-name" id="fully-qualifieddomain-name">Nombre de dominio + completamente qualificado</a> <a name="fqdn">(FQDN)</a></dt> + <dd>El + nombre único de una entidad de red, que consiste en un nombre de + host y un nombre de dominio que puede traducirse a una dirección + IP. Por ejemplo, <code>www</code> es un nombre de host, + <code>example.com</code> es un nombre de dominio, y + <code>www.example.com</code> es un nombre de dominio completamente + qualificado.</dd> + + <dt><a name="dynamicsharedobject" id="dynamicsharedobject">Objetos Dinámicos + Compartidos</a> <a name="dso">(DSO, dinamic shared objects)</a></dt> + <dd>Los <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#module" title="ver glosario">Módulos</a> compilados de forma separada al + binario httpd de Apache se pueden cargar según se necesiten.<br /> Consulte: <a href="dso.html">Soporte de Objetos Dinámicos + Compartidos</a></dd> + + + <dt><a name="openssl" id="openssl">OpenSSL</a></dt> + <dd>El toolkit Open Source para SSL/TLS<br /> + Ver: <a href="http://www.openssl.org/">http://www.openssl.org/</a></dd> + + + <dt><a name="passphrase">Pass Phrase o frase de contraseña</a></dt> + <dd>La palabra o frase + que protege los archivos de clave privada. Evita que usuarios no + autorizados los encripten. Normalmente es solo la clave de + encriptado/desencriptado usada por los <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#cipher" title="ver glosario">Algoritmos de + Cifrado</a>.<br /> Consulte: <a href="ssl/">Encriptado + SSL/TLS</a></dd> + + <dt><a name="certificatsigningrequest" id="certificatsigningrequest">Petición de firma de + Certificado.</a> <a name="csr">(CSR)</a></dt> + <dd>Es la petición a + una <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificationauthority" title="ver glosario">Autoridad Certificadora</a> para + que firme un <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificate" title="ver glosario">certificado</a> aún sin + firmar. La Autoridad Certificadora firma el <em>Certificado</em> con + la <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#privatekey" title="ver glosario">Clave Privada</a> de su + <em>certificado</em>. Una vez que el CSR está firmado, se + convierte en un auténtico certificado.<br /> + Consulte: <a href="ssl/">Encriptado SSL/TLS</a></dd> + + + + <dt><a name="hypertexttransferprotocol" id="hypertexttransferprotocol">Protocolo de Transferencia de + Hipertexto</a> <a name="http">(HTTP)</a></dt> + <dd>Es el protocolo de + transmisión estádar usado en la World Wide Web. Apache + implementa la versión 1.1 de este protocolo, al que se hace + referencia como HTTP/1.1 y definido por el <a href="http://ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt">RFC 2616</a>.</dd> + + <dt><a name="https" id="https">HTTPS</a></dt> + <dd>Protocolo de transferencia de + Hipertexto (Seguro), es el mecanismo de comunicación encriptado + estándar en World Wide Web. En realidad es HTTP sobre <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#ssl" title="ver glosario">SSL</a>.<br /> Consulte: <a href="ssl/">Encriptado + SSL/TLS</a></dd> + + <dt><a name="proxy" id="proxy">Proxy</a></dt> <dd>Un servidor intermedio que se + pone entre el cliente y el <em>servidor de origen</em>. Acepta las + peticiones de los clientes, las transmite al servidor de origen, y + después devuelve la respuesta del servidor de origen al + cliente. Si varios clientes piden el mismo contenido, el proxy sirve + el contenido desde su caché, en lugar de pedirlo cada vez que lo + necesita al servidor de origen, reduciendo con esto el tiempo de + respuesta.<br /> Consulte: <a href="mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></dd> + + + <dt><a name="reverseproxy" id="reverseproxy">Proxy Inverso</a></dt> + <dd>Es un servidor + <a href="proxy">proxy</a> que se presenta al cliente como si fuera un + <em>servidor de origen</em>. Es útil para esconder el + auténtico servidor de origen a los clientes por cuestiones de + seguridad, o para equilibrar la carga.</dd> + + + <dt><a name="securesocketslayer" id="securesocketslayer">SSL, Capa de Conexión Segura </a> <a name="ssl">Secure Sockets Layer(SSL)</a></dt> <dd>Es un protocolo creado por Netscape + Communications Corporation para la autenticación en + comunicaciones en general y encriptado sobre redes TCP/IP. Su + aplicación más popular es en <em>HTTPS</em>, ejemplo.: el Protocolo de + Transferencia de Hipertexto (HTTP) sobre SSL.<br /> Consulte: <a href="ssl/">Encriptado SSL/TLS</a></dd> + + + <dt><a name="ssleay" id="ssleay">SSLeay</a></dt> <dd>La implementación + original de la librería SSL/TLS desarrollada por Eric + A. Young</dd> + + + + <dt><a name="serversideincludes" id="serversideincludes">Server Side Includes</a> <a name="ssi">(SSI)</a></dt> <dd>Una técnica para incluir directivas de + proceso en archivos HTML.<br /> Consulte: <a href="howto/ssi.html">Introducción a Server Side + Includes</a></dd> + + + + <dt><a name="session" id="session">Sesión</a></dt> <dd>Información del + contexto de una comunicación en general.</dd> + + + <dt><a name="publickeycryptography" id="publickeycryptography">Sistema Criptográfico de Clave + Pública</a></dt> <dd>El estudio y aplicación de sistemas de + encriptado asimétricos, que usa una clave para encriptar y otra + para desencriptar. Una clave de cada uno de estos tipos constituye un + par de claves. También se llama Criptografía Asimétrica.<br /> + Consulte: <a href="ssl/"> Encriptado SSL/TLS</a></dd> + + + <dt><a name="subrequest" id="subrequest">Subconsulta</a></dt> + <dd>Apache proporciona una API de subconsultasd a los módulos, + que permiten a otros sistemas de ficheros o paths de URL ser parcial o totalmente evaluados + por el servidor. Un ejemplo de los que usan esta API sería + <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_dir.html#directoryindex">DirectoryIndex</a></code>, + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_autoindex.html">mod_autoindex</a></code>, y <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_include.html">mod_include</a></code>. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="tarball" id="tarball">Tarball</a></dt> <dd>Un grupo de ficheros + puestos en un solo paquete usando la utilidad <code>tar</code>. Las + distribuciones Apache se almacenan en ficheros comprimidos con tar o + con pkzip.</dd> + + <dt><a name="ciphertext" id="ciphertext">Texto cifrado.</a></dt> + <dd>El resultado de + haber aplicado a un <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#plaintext" title="ver glosario">texto plano</a> un <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#cipher" title="ver glosario">algoritmo de cifrado</a>.<br /> Consultar: <a href="ssl/">Encriptado SSL/TLS</a></dd> + + + + <dt><a name="plaintext" id="plaintext">Texto plano</a></dt> + <dd>Un texto no encriptado.</dd> + + + <dt><a name="transportlayersecurity" id="transportlayersecurity">Transport + Layer Security</a> <a name="tls">(TLS)</a></dt> <dd>Es el sucesor del protocolo SSL, creado + por el "Internet Engineering Task Force" (IETF) para la + autentificación en comunicaciones en general y encriptado sobre + redes TCP/IP. La versión 1 de TLS es casi idéntica a la + versión 3 de SSL.<br /> Consulte: <a href="ssl/">Encriptado + SSL/TLS</a></dd> + + + <dt><a name="environmentvariable" id="environmentvariable">Variable de Entorno</a> <a name="env-variable">(env-variable)</a></dt> + <dd>Variables que + gestionan el shell del sistema operativo y que se usan para guardar + información y para la comunicación entre programas. Apache + también contiene variables internas que son referidas como + variables de entorno, pero que son almacenadas en las estructuras + internas de Apache, en lugar de en el entorno del shell.<br /> + Consulte: <a href="env.html">Variables de entorno de Apache</a></dd> + + + <dt><a name="x.509" id="x.509">X.509</a></dt> <dd>Un esquema de certificado de + autentificación recomendado por la International + Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) que se usa en la autentificación + SSL/TLS.<br /> Consulte: <a href="ssl/">Encriptado SSL/TLS</a></dd> + + </dl> + </div></div> +<div class="bottomlang"> +<p><span>Idiomas disponibles: </span><a href="./de/glossary.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> | +<a href="./en/glossary.html" hreflang="en" rel="alternate" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="./es/glossary.html" title="Español"> es </a> | +<a href="./fr/glossary.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> | +<a href="./ja/glossary.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | +<a href="./ko/glossary.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="./tr/glossary.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="./images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comentarios</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. 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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/manual/glossary.html.fr.utf8 b/docs/manual/glossary.html.fr.utf8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ed619df --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/glossary.html.fr.utf8 @@ -0,0 +1,619 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="fr" xml:lang="fr"><head> +<meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type" /> +<!-- + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + --> +<title>Glossaire - Serveur HTTP Apache Version 2.4</title> +<link href="./style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> +<link href="./style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> +<link href="./style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./style/css/prettify.css" /> +<script src="./style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript"> +</script> + +<link href="./images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head> +<body id="manual-page" class="no-sidebar"><div id="page-header"> +<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossaire</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Plan du site</a></p> +<p class="apache">Serveur HTTP Apache Version 2.4</p> +<img alt="" src="./images/feather.png" /></div> +<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div> +<div id="path"> +<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">Serveur HTTP</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.4</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Glossaire</h1> +<div class="toplang"> +<p><span>Langues Disponibles: </span><a href="./de/glossary.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> | +<a href="./en/glossary.html" hreflang="en" rel="alternate" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="./es/glossary.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> | +<a href="./fr/glossary.html" title="Français"> fr </a> | +<a href="./ja/glossary.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | +<a href="./ko/glossary.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="./tr/glossary.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div> + + <p>Ce glossaire définit la terminologie courante relative à Apache en + particulier, et aux serveurs web en général. Vous trouverez plus + d'informations sur chaque concept dans les liens fournis.</p> + </div> +<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="definitions" id="definitions">Définitions</a></h2> +<dl> +<dt><a name="algorithm" id="algorithm">Algorithme</a></dt> + + <dd>Une formule sans ambiguité ou un jeu de règles destinées à + résoudre un problème en un nombre fini d'étapes. Les algorithmes de + chiffrement sont en général appelés + <dfn>Ciphers</dfn>. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="cipher" id="cipher">Algorithme de chiffrement + (Cipher)</a></dt> + <dd>Un algorithme ou un système de chiffrement des données. + Quelques exemples : DES, IDEA, RC4, etc.<br /> + Voir : <a href="ssl/">chiffrement SSL/TLS</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="apr" id="APR">APR</a></dt> + <dd>Voir "Bibliothèques pour la portabilité d'Apache" + </dd> + + <dt><a name="tarball" id="tarball">Archive Tar (Tarball)</a></dt> + <dd>Un paquetage de fichiers rassemblés dans une archive + à l'aide de l'utilitaire <code>tar</code>. + Les distributions d'Apache sont stockées dans des Archives Tar compressées + ou en utilisant pkzip. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="authentication" id="authentication">Authentification </a></dt> + <dd>L'identification formelle d'une entité du réseau comme un serveur, un + client, ou un utilisateur.<br /> + Voir : <a href="howto/auth.html">Authentification, Autorisation, et + contrôle d'accès</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="certificationauthority" id="certificationauthority">Autorité de Certification + (Certification Authority)</a> + <a name="ca" id="ca">(CA)</a></dt> + <dd>Un tiers de confiance habilité à signer des certificats pour des entités + du réseau qu'il a authentifiées selon des critères basés sur la sécurité. + Les autres entités du réseau peuvent alors utiliser la signature pour + vérifier qu'une CA a authentifié le porteur du certificat.<br /> + Voir : <a href="ssl/">chiffrement SSL/TLS</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="apacheportableruntime" id="apacheportableruntime">Bibliothèques pour la portabilité d'Apache + (Apache Portable Runtime)</a> <a name="apr" id="apr">(APR)</a></dt> + <dd>Un jeu de bibliothèques qui fournit la plupart des interfaces de base + entre le serveur et le système d'exploitation. APR est développé + parallèlement au serveur HTTP Apache comme projet indépendant.<br /> + Voir : <a href="http://apr.apache.org/">Apache Portable Runtime + Project</a> + </dd> + + +<dt><a name="certificate" id="certificate">Certificat (Certificate)</a></dt> + <dd>Un ensemble de données servant à authentifier des entités du + réseau comme un serveur ou un client. Un certificat contient des ensembles + d'informations X509 à propos de son propriétaire (appelé sujet/subject) + et de l'<a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificationauthority" title="voir glossaire">Autorité de Certification + (Certification Authority) ou CA</a> signataire (appelée + le fournisseur/issuer), ainsi que la + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#publickey" title="voir glossaire">clé publique (public + key)</a> du propriétaire et la + signature de la CA. Les entités du réseau vérifient ces signatures + en utilisant les certificats des Autorités de Certification.<br /> + Voir : <a href="ssl/">chiffrement SSL/TLS</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="publickeycryptography" id="publickeycryptography">Chiffrement à Clé Publique + (Public Key Cryptography)</a></dt> + <dd>L'étude et l'application des systèmes de chiffrement asymétriques, + qui utilisent une clé pour le chiffrement et une autre pour le + déchiffrement. Les deux clés correspondantes constituent une paire de clés. + Appelé aussi chiffrement asymétrique. + <br /> + Voir : <a href="ssl/">chiffrement SSL/TLS</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="privatekey" id="privatekey">Clé Privée (Private Key)</a></dt> + <dd>La clé secrète dans un système de + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#publickeycryptography" title="voir glossaire">chiffrement à clé publique</a>, + utilisée pour déchiffrer les messages entrants et signer + les messages sortants.<br /> + Voir : <a href="ssl/">chiffrement SSL/TLS</a> + </dd> + +<dt><a name="publickey" id="publickey">Clé Publique (Public Key)</a></dt> + <dd>La clé accessible au public dans un système de <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#publickeycryptography" title="voir glossaire">Chiffrement à clé publique</a>, + utilisée pour chiffrer les messages destinés uniquement à son + propriétaire et déchiffrer les signatures + faites par son propriétaire.<br /> + Voir : <a href="ssl/">chiffrement SSL/TLS</a> + </dd> + +<dt><a name="connect" id="connect">CONNECT</a></dt> + <dd>Une <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#method" title="voir glossaire">méthode</a> HTTP pour encapsuler + des données brutes dans HTTP. Elle peut aussi être utilisée pour encapsuler + d'autres protocoles, comme le protocole SSL. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="context" id="context">Contexte (Context)</a></dt> + <dd>Une portion des <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="voir glossaire"> + fichiers de configuration</a> dans laquelle certains types de + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="voir glossaire">directives</a> sont autorisés.<br /> + Voir : <a href="mod/directive-dict.html#Context">Termes utilisés + pour décrire les directives d'Apache</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="accesscontrol" id="accesscontrol">Contrôle d'accès + (Access Control)</a></dt> + <dd>La restriction d'accès à des zones du réseau. Habituellement + dans un contexte Apache, + la restriction d'accès à certaines <em>URLs</em>.<br /> + Voir : <a href="howto/auth.html">Authentification, Autorisation et + Contrôle d'accès</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="securesocketslayer" id="securesocketslayer"> + Couche des Points de connexion Sécurisés + (Secure Sockets Layer) + </a> <a name="ssl" id="ssl">(SSL)</a></dt> + <dd>Un protocole créé par Netscape Communications Corporation pour + l'authentification et le chiffrement généraux des communications dans les + réseaux TCP/IP. L'utilisation la plus connue est <em>HTTPS</em>, autrement dit + le Protocole de Transfert Hypertexte (HTTP) au dessus de SSL.<br /> + Voir : <a href="ssl/">chiffrement SSL/TLS</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="subrequest" id="subrequest">Sous-requête</a></dt> + <dd>Apache possède une API des sous-requêtes pour les modules qui + permettent l'évaluation complète ou partielle par le serveur de + chemins d'autres systèmes de fichiers ou d'URL. Par exemple, la + directive <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_dir.html#directoryindex">DirectoryIndex</a></code>, + les modules <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_autoindex.html">mod_autoindex</a></code> et + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_include.html">mod_include</a></code> utilisent cette API. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="symmetriccryptophraphy" id="symmetriccryptophraphy"> + Cryptographie Symétrique (Symmetric Cryptography)</a></dt> + <dd>L'étude et l'application des <em>Algorithmes de chiffrement</em> qui + utilisent une clé secrète unique pour les opérations de chiffrement et de + déchiffrement.<br /> + Voir : <a href="ssl/">chiffrement SSL/TLS</a> + </dd> + + + <dt><a name="export-crippled" id="export-crippled"> + Dégradé pour l'exportation + (Export-Crippled)</a></dt> + <dd>Diminué en terme de puissance cryptographique (et de sécurité) + afin de respecter les Règles de l'Administration des Exportations + des Etats-Unis (Export Administration Regulations ou EAR). + Les logiciels de cryptographie dégradés pour l'exportation sont limités + à une clé de petite taille, et produisent un + <em>Texte crypté</em> qui peut en général être décrypté + par force brute.<br /> + Voir : <a href="ssl/">chiffrement SSL/TLS</a> + </dd> + + + <dt><a name="certificatsigningrequest" id="certificatsigningrequest">Demande de signature de certificat + (Certificate Signing Request)</a> + <a name="csr" id="csr">(CSR)</a></dt> + <dd>La soumission d'un <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificate" title="voir glossaire">certificat</a> + non signé à une <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificationauthority" title="voir glossaire">Autorité de + certification</a>, qui le signe avec la <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#privatekey" title="voir glossaire">Clé privée</a> de leur + <em>Certificat</em> de CA. Une fois le CSR signé, il devient un vrai + certificat.<br /> + Voir : <a href="ssl/">chiffrement SSL/TLS</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="directive" id="directive">Directive</a></dt> + <dd>Une commande de configuration qui contrôle un ou plusieurs aspects du + comportement d'Apache. Les directives sont placées dans le <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="voir glossaire">Fichier de configuration</a><br /> + Voir : <a href="mod/directives.html">Index des directives</a> + </dd> + +<dt><a name="configurationdirective" id="configurationdirective">Directive de configuration + (Configuration Directive)</a></dt> + <dd>Voir : <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="voir glossaire">Directive</a></dd> + + <dt><a name="header" id="header">En-tête (Header)</a></dt> + <dd>La partie de la requête et de la réponse + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#http" title="voir glossaire">HTTP</a> qui est envoyée avant le contenu + proprement dit, et contient des méta-informations décrivant le contenu. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="regularexpression" id="regularexpression">Expression Rationnelle + (Regular Expression)</a> + <a name="regex" id="regex">(Regex)</a></dt> + <dd>Une méthode pour décrire un modèle sous forme de texte - par exemple, + "tous les mots qui commencent par la lettre A" ou "tous les numéros de + téléphone à 10 chiffres" ou encore "Toutes les phrases contenant 2 virgules, + et aucun Q majuscule". Les expressions rationnelles sont très utiles dans + Apache car elles vous permettent d'appliquer certains attributs à des + ensembles de fichiers ou ressources avec une grande flexibilité + - par exemple, tous les fichiers .gif et .jpg situés dans tout répertoire + nommé "images", pourraient être enregistrés comme + "<code>/images/.*(jpg|gif)$</code>". Lorsque l'on utilise des + expressions rationnelles pour la substitution de chaînes, les + variables spéciales $1 ... $9 contiennent des références arrières + vers les parties regroupées (entre parenthèses) de l'expression + qui correspond. La variable spéciale $0 contient une référence + arrière vers l'ensemble de l'expression qui correspond. Pour + insérer un caractère littéral "dollar" dans la chaîne de + remplacement, il faut l'échapper avec un anti-slash. Pour des + raisons historiques, la variable & peut être utilisée en tant + qu'alias de $0 dans certains cas, mais ceci n'est plus possible + depuis la version 2.3.6. Apache utilise les Expressions + Rationnelles Compatibles avec Perl fournies par la librairie <a href="http://www.pcre.org/">PCRE</a>. Vous trouverez plus + d'information à propos de la syntaxe des expressions rationnelles + PCRE sur ce site, ou dans le <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCRE">Wikipedia de la PCRE</a>. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="configurationfile" id="configurationfile"> + Fichier de configuration + (Configuration File)</a></dt> + <dd>Un fichier texte contenant des + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="voir glossaire">Directives</a> + qui contrôlent la configuration d'Apache.<br /> + Voir : <a href="configuring.html">Fichiers de configuration</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="filter" id="filter">Filtre (Filter)</a></dt> + <dd>Un traitement appliqué aux données envoyées ou reçues par le serveur. + Les filtres en entrée traitent les données envoyées au serveur par le + client, alors que les filtres en sortie traitent les documents sur le + serveur avant qu'ils soient envoyés au client. + Par exemple, le filtre en sortie + <code>INCLUDES</code> + traite les documents pour les + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#ssi" title="voir glossaire">Server Side Includes (Inclusions côté Serveur) + </a>.<br /> + Voir : <a href="filter.html">Filtres</a> + </dd> + +<dt><a name="handler" id="handler">Gestionnaire (Handler)</a></dt> + <dd>Une représentation interne à Apache de l'action à entreprendre + quand un fichier est appelé. En général, les fichiers ont des gestionnaires + implicites, basés sur le type de fichier. Normalement, tous les + fichiers sont directement servis par le serveur, mais certains + types de fichiers sont "gérés" séparément. Par exemple, le gestionnaire + <code>cgi-script</code> désigne les fichiers qui doivent être traités + comme <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#cgi" title="voir glossaire">CGIs</a>.<br /> + Voir : <a href="handler.html">Utilisation des gestionnaires d'Apache</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="hash" id="hash">Hachage (Hash)</a></dt> + <dd>Un algorithme mathématique à sens unique, irréversible, générant une + chaîne de longueur fixe à partir d'une autre chaîne de longueur quelconque. + Des chaînes différentes en entrée vont normalement produire des chaînes + différentes en sortie (selon la fonction de hachage). + </dd> + + <dt><a name="virtualhosting" id="virtualhosting">Hébergement Virtuel + (Virtual Hosting)</a></dt> + <dd>Servir des sites web multiples en utilisant une seule instance d'Apache. + Les <em>Hôtes virtuels basés sur IP</em> différencient les sites web en se + basant sur leur adresse IP, alors que les + <em>Hôtes virtuels basés sur le nom</em> utilisent uniquement le nom d'hôte + et peuvent en conséquence héberger de nombreux sites avec la même + adresse IP.<br /> + Voir la <a href="vhosts/">Documentation des Hôtes Virtuels d'Apache</a> + </dd> + + + <dt><a name="htaccess" id="htaccess">.htaccess</a></dt> + <dd>Un <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="voir glossaire">fichier de configuration</a> + placé à un certain niveau de l'arborescence du site web, et appliquant des + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="voir glossaire">directives</a> de configuration au + répertoire dans lequel il est placé, ainsi qu'à tous ses sous-répertoires. + En dépit de son nom, ce fichier peut contenir pratiquement tout type de + directive, et pas seulement des directives de contrôle d'accès.<br /> + Voir : <a href="configuring.html">Fichiers de configuration</a> + </dd> + +<dt><a name="httpd.conf" id="httpd.conf">httpd.conf</a></dt> + <dd>Le <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="voir glossaire">fichier de configuration + </a> principal d'Apache. Sa localisation par défaut est + <code>/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf</code>, mais ceci peut être + changé en utilisant des options de compilation ou d'exécution.<br /> + Voir : <a href="configuring.html">Fichiers de configuration</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="https" id="https">HTTPS</a></dt> + <dd>Le Protocole de Transfert Hypertexte (Sécurisé), le mécanisme de + communication cryptée standard sur le World Wide Web. + Il s'agit en fait de HTTP au dessus de + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#ssl" title="voir glossaire">SSL</a>.<br /> + Voir : <a href="ssl/">chiffrement SSL/TLS</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="uniformresourceidentifier" id="uniformresourceidentifier">Identificateur de Ressource Uniformisé + (Uniform Resource Identifier)</a> + <a name="URI" id="URI">(URI)</a></dt> + <dd>Une chaîne de caractères compacte servant à identifier une ressource + abstraite ou physique. Elle est formellement définie par la <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC 2396</a>. Les URIs + utilisées sur le world-wide web sont souvent appelées <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#url" title="voir glossaire">URLs</a>. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="serversideincludes" id="serversideincludes"> + Inclusions Côté Serveur + (Server Side Includes)</a> <a name="ssi" id="ssi">(SSI) + </a></dt> + <dd>Une technique permettant d'englober des directives de traitement dans + des fichiers HTML.<br /> + Voir : <a href="howto/ssi.html">Introduction aux Inclusions Côté Serveur</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="servernameindication" id="servernameindication">Indication du nom du serveur</a> <a name="sni" id="sni">(SNI)</a></dt> + <dd>Une fonctionnalité SSL permettant de spécifier le + nom du serveur désiré dans le message initial de la + négociation SSL, de façon à ce que le serveur web + puisse choisir la bonne configuration de serveur virtuel à + utiliser pendant le déroulement de la négociation SSL. + Cette fonctionnalité a été ajoutée + à SSL lorsque sont apparues les extensions TLS, RFC 3546.<br /> + Voir <a href="ssl/ssl_faq.html">la FAQ SSL</a> + et <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3546.txt">la RFC 3546</a> + </dd> + + + +<dt><a name="commongatewayinterface" id="commongatewayinterface"> +Interface commune avec les programmes externes +(Common Gateway Interface)</a> + <a name="cgi" id="cgi">(CGI)</a></dt> + <dd>La définition standard d'une interface entre un serveur web et un + programme externe pour permettre à ce dernier de traiter des requêtes. + Il existe une <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3875">RFC + informationnelle</a> qui en couvre les spécificités.<br /> + Voir : <a href="howto/cgi.html">Contenu dynamique avec CGI</a> + </dd> + + + +<dt><a name="uniformresourcelocator" id="uniformresourcelocator"> +Localisation de Ressource Uniformisée +(Uniform Resource Locator) + </a> <a name="url" id="url">(URL)</a></dt> + <dd>Le nom/adresse d'une ressource sur l'Internet. Il s'agit du terme + informel commun pour ce qui est formellement défini comme <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#uniformresourceidentifier" title="voir glossaire"> + Identificateur de Ressource Uniformisé</a>. + Les URLs sont généralement construites selon un schéma, comme + <code>http</code> ou + <code>https</code>, un nom d'hôte, et un chemin. Une URL pour cette page + pourrait être + <code>http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/glossary.html</code>. + </dd> + + + <dt><a name="proxy" id="proxy">Mandataire (Proxy)</a></dt> + <dd>Un serveur intermédiaire qui se situe entre le client et le + <em>serveur d'origine</em>. + Il prend en compte les requêtes des clients, les transmet au serveur + d'origine, puis renvoie la réponse du serveur d'origine au client. + Si plusieurs clients demandent le même contenu, le mandataire peut l'extraire + de son cache, plutôt que le demander au serveur d'origine + à chaque fois, ce qui réduit le temps de réponse.<br /> + Voir : <a href="mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="reverseproxy" id="reverseproxy">Mandataire inverse + (Reverse Proxy)</a></dt> + <dd>Un serveur <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#proxy" title="voir glossaire">mandataire</a> qui est vu du client + comme un <em>serveur d'origine</em>. Ceci peut s'avérer utile pour + dissimuler le serveur d'origine réel au client pour des raisons de sécurité, + ou pour répartir la charge. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="method" id="method">Méthode (Method)</a></dt> + <dd>Dans le contexte <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#http" title="voir glossaire">HTTP</a>, une action à + effectuer sur une ressource spécifiée dans la ligne de requête + par le client. Parmi les méthodes disponibles dans HTTP, on trouve + <code>GET</code>, <code>POST</code>, + et <code>PUT</code>. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="module" id="module">Module</a></dt> + <dd>Une partie indépendante d'un programme. De nombreuses fonctionnalités + d'Apache sont fournies par des modules que vous pouvez choisir d'inclure + ou d'exclure. Les modules qui sont compilés dans le binaire + <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> sont appelés <dfn>modules statiques</dfn>, alors + que les modules qui existent séparément et peuvent être chargés + optionnellement à l'exécution sont appelés + <dfn>modules dynamiques</dfn> ou <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#dso" title="voir glossaire">DSOs</a>. + Les modules qui sont inclus par défaut sont appelés + <dfn>modules de base</dfn>. De nombreux modules disponibles pour Apache + ne se trouvent pas dans l'<a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#tarball" title="voir glossaire">archive</a> + du Serveur HTTP Apache . Il sont appelés + <dfn>modules tiers</dfn>.<br /> + Voir : <a href="mod/">Index des modules</a> + </dd> + +<dt><a name="passphrase" id="passphrase">Mot de Passe (Pass Phrase)</a></dt> + <dd>Le mot ou la phrase qui protège les fichiers de clés privées. + Il empêche les utilisateurs non autorisés de les déchiffrer. En général, + il s'agit simplement de la clé secrète de chiffrement/déchiffrement + utilisée pour les <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#cipher" title="voir glossaire">Algorithmes de chiffrement</a>.<br /> + Voir : <a href="ssl/">chiffrement SSL/TLS</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="fully-qualifieddomain-name" id="fully-qualifieddomain-name">Nom de domaine entièrement qualifié + (Fully-Qualified Domain-Name)</a> + <a name="fqdn" id="fqdn">(FQDN)</a></dt> + <dd>Le nom unique d'une entité du réseau, comprenant un nom d'hôte et un + nom de domaine qui peuvent être résolus en une adresse IP. Par exemple, + <code>www</code> est un nom d'hôte, <code>example.com</code> est un nom + de domaine, et <code>www.example.com</code> est un nom de domaine + entièrement qualifié. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="modulemagicnumber" id="modulemagicnumber"> + Nombre Magique des Modules + (Module Magic Number)</a> + (<a name="mmn" id="mmn">MMN</a>)</dt> + <dd>Le Nombre Magique des Modules est une constante définie dans le code + source d'Apache et associée à la compatibilité binaire des modules. + Sa valeur est modifiée quand des structures internes d'Apache, des appels + de fonctions et d'autres parties significatives de l'API sont modifiées + de telle façon que la compatibilité binaire ne peut plus être garantie. + En cas de changement de MMN, tous les modules tiers doivent être au + moins recompilés, et parfois même légèrement modifiés afin de pouvoir + fonctionner avec la nouvelle version d'Apache. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="dynamicsharedobject" id="dynamicsharedobject"> + Objet Dynamique Partagé (Dynamic Shared Object) + </a> <a name="dso" id="dso">(DSO)</a></dt> + <dd><a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#module" title="voir glossaire">Modules</a> compilés en dehors du binaire + Apache <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> et qui peuvent être + chargés à la demande.<br /> + Voir : <a href="dso.html">Support des objets dynamiques partagés</a> + </dd> + +<dt><a name="openssl" id="openssl">OpenSSL</a></dt> + <dd>L'ensemble d'outils Open Source pour SSL/TLS<br /> + Voir <a href="http://www.openssl.org/">http://www.openssl.org/</a># + </dd> + +<dt><a name="apacheextensiontool" id="apacheextensiontool"> + Outil de gestion des extensions Apache + (APache eXtension Tool)</a> + <a name="apxs" id="apxs">(apxs)</a></dt> + <dd>Un script Perl qui aide à la compilation des sources de <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#module" title="voir glossaire">module</a> sous forme d'Objets Dynamiques Partagés + (Dynamic Shared Objects ou + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#dso" title="voir glossaire">DSO</a>s) et facilite leur installation + dans le serveur Web Apache.<br /> + Voir : Page de manuel : <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apxs.html">apxs</a></code> + </dd> + +<dt><a name="plaintext" id="plaintext">Plein Texte (Plaintext)</a></dt> + <dd>Le texte non chiffré.</dd> + + + + <dt><a name="hypertexttransferprotocol" id="hypertexttransferprotocol">Protocole de Transfert Hypertexte + (HyperText Transfer Protocol)</a> + <a name="http" id="hhtp">(HTTP)</a></dt> + <dd>Le protocole de transmission standard utilisé sur le World Wide Web. + Apache implémente la version 1.1 du protocole, référencée comme HTTP/1.1 et + définie par la + <a href="http://ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt">RFC 2616</a>. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="messagedigest" id="messagedigest">Résumé de message + (Message Digest)</a></dt> + <dd>Un hachage du message, qui peut être utilisé pour vérifier + que son contenu n'a pas été altéré durant le transfert.<br /> + Voir : <a href="ssl/">chiffrement SSL/TLS</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="transportlayersecurity" id="transportlayersecurity"> + Sécurité de la couche Transport + (Transport Layer Security) + </a> <a name="tls" id="tls">(TLS)</a></dt> + <dd>Le protocole successeur de SSL, créé par l'Internet Engineering Task + Force (IETF) pour l'authentification et le chiffrement généraux des + communications dans les réseaux TCP/IP. TLS version 1 est pratiquement + identique à SSL version 3.<br /> + Voir : <a href="ssl/">chiffrement SSL/TLS</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="session" id="session">Session</a></dt> + <dd>Les informations sur le contexte d'une communication en général.</dd> + + <dt><a name="digitalsignature" id="digitalsignature">Signature numérique + (Digital Signature)</a></dt> + <dd>Un bloc de texte crypté qui valide un certificat ou un autre fichier. + Une <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificationauthority" title="voir glossaire">Autorité de certification</a> + crée une signature en générant une empreinte de la <em>Clé publique</em> + fournie avec le <em>Certificat</em>; la CA chiffre ensuite l'empreinte + avec sa propre <em>Clé privée</em>. Seule la clé publique de la CA + peut décrypter la signature, ce qui permet de vérifier que la CA a bien + authentifié l'entité du réseau qui possède le + <em>Certificat</em>.<br /> + Voir : <a href="ssl/">chiffrement SSL/TLS</a> + </dd> + +<dt><a name="ssleay" id="ssleay">SSLeay</a></dt> + <dd>La bibliothèque originelle d'implémentation de SSL/TLS développée par + Eric A. Young + </dd> + +<dt><a name="ciphertext" id="ciphertext">Texte crypté +(Ciphertext)</a></dt> + <dd>Le résultat du passage d'un document + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#plaintext" title="voir glossaire">Plaintext</a> (Plein texte) par un + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#cipher" title="voir glossaire">Cipher</a>.<br /> + Voir : <a href="ssl/">chiffrement SSL/TLS</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="mime-type" id="mime-type">Type MIME (MIME-type)</a></dt> + <dd>Une méthode pour décrire le type de document transmis. Son nom + vient du fait que son format est issu des Multipurpose + Internet Mail Extensions (Extensions Multi-usages de la + Messagerie par Internet) . Il comprend un type majeur et un type + mineur, séparés par un slash (barre oblique). On trouve + entre autres types <code>text/html</code>, + <code>image/gif</code>, et <code>application/octet-stream</code>. Dans + HTTP, le type MIME est transmis dans l' + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#header" title="voir glossaire">en-tête</a> <code>Content-Type</code>.<br /> + Voir : <a href="mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a> + </dd> + + + <dt><a name="environmentvariable" id="environmentvariable"> + Variable d'environnement + (Environment Variable)</a> <a name="env-variable" id="env-variable">(env-variable)</a></dt> + <dd>Ce sont des variables nommées gérées par le shell du système + d'exploitation, et servant au stockage d'informations et à la + communication entre les programmes. Apache possède aussi des variables + internes considérées comme variables d'environnement, mais stockées dans + des structures internes à Apache, et non dans l'environnement + du shell.<br /> + Voir : <a href="env.html">Les variables d'environnement dans Apache</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="x.509" id="x.509">X.509</a></dt> + <dd>Une norme de certificat d'authentification recommandée par l'International + Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) et utilisée pour + l'authentification SSL/TLS.<br /> Voir : <a href="ssl/">chiffrement SSL/TLS</a> + </dd> +</dl> +</div></div> +<div class="bottomlang"> +<p><span>Langues Disponibles: </span><a href="./de/glossary.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> | +<a href="./en/glossary.html" hreflang="en" rel="alternate" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="./es/glossary.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> | +<a href="./fr/glossary.html" title="Français"> fr </a> | +<a href="./ja/glossary.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | +<a href="./ko/glossary.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="./tr/glossary.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="./images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Commentaires</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. 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href="./">バージョン 2.4</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>用語</h1> +<div class="toplang"> +<p><span>翻訳済み言語: </span><a href="./de/glossary.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> | +<a href="./en/glossary.html" hreflang="en" rel="alternate" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="./es/glossary.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> | +<a href="./fr/glossary.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> | +<a href="./ja/glossary.html" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | +<a href="./ko/glossary.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="./tr/glossary.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div> +<div class="outofdate">この日本語訳はすでに古くなっている + 可能性があります。 + 最近更新された内容を見るには英語版をご覧下さい。 + </div> + + <p>この用語集では Apacheに特化した用語と、 + ウェブサーバ全般で一般的な用語をいくつか定義しています。 + それぞれの概念の、より詳細な情報はリンク先にあります。</p> + </div> +<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="definitions" id="definitions">定義</a></h2> + + <dl> + <dt><a name="accesscontrol" id="accesscontrol">アクセス制御</a></dt> + <dd>ネットワーク認可領域へのアクセスを制限します。Apache においては、 + 普通はアクセスの制限は <em>URL</em> に対するものとなります。<br /> + 参照: <a href="howto/auth.html">認証、承認、アクセス制御</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="algorithm" id="algorithm">アルゴリズム</a></dt> + <dd>有限回のステップで問題を解くためのあいまいでない式もしくは規則の + 集合。暗号のためのアルゴリズムは通常 <dfn>Cipher</dfn> と呼ばれます。 + </dd> + + <dt><a name="apacheextensiontool" id="apacheextensiontool">APache + eXtension Tool</a> <a name="apxs" id="apxs">(apxs)</a></dt> + <dd><a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#module" title="用語集を参照">モジュール</a> ソースを + 動的共有オブジェクト (<a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#dso" title="用語集を参照">DSO</a>) にコンパイルし、 + Apache Web サーバにインストールする手助けをする perl スクリプト。<br /> + 参照: マニュアルページ: <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apxs.html">apxs</a></code> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="apacheportableruntime" id="apacheportableruntime">Apache Portable Runtime</a> <a name="apr" id="apr">(APR)</a></dt> + <dd>サーバ<span class="transnote">(<em>訳注:</em> Apache HTTP Server)</span>と OS の + 間の基本的なインターフェースの多くを提供する<span class="transnote">(<em>訳注:</em> + OS の差を吸収する)</span>ライブラリのセット。 APR は 独立した + プロジェクトとして Apache HTTP Server と平行して開発が行われています。<br /> + 参照: <a href="http://apr.apache.org/">Apache Portable Runtime + プロジェクト</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="authentication" id="authentication">認証</a></dt> + <dd>サーバ、クライアント、ユーザといったネットワークエンティティの + 身元の特定。<br /> + 参照: <a href="howto/auth.html">認証、承認、アクセス制御</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="certificate" id="certificate">証明書</a></dt> + <dd>サーバやクライアントといったネットワークエンティティを認証するのに + 使用されるデータレコード。証明書には (subject と呼ばれる) 所有者と、 + (issuer と呼ばれる) <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificationauthority" title="用語集を参照">認証局</a> の署名、所有者の + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#publickey" title="用語集を参照">公開鍵</a> と、CA による署名という + X.509 の情報が含まれます。ネットワークエンティティはそれらの署名を + CA 証明書を使って検証します。<br /> + 参照: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS 暗号化</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="certificatsigningrequest" id="certificatsigningrequest">証明書署名リクエスト</a> + <span class="transnote">(<em>訳注:</em> Certificate Signing Request)</span> + <a name="csr" id="csr">(CSR)</a></dt> + <dd><a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificationauthority" title="用語集を参照">認証局</a> に提出 + する未署名の <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificate" title="用語集を参照">証明書</a>。 + 認証局は CA <em>証明書</em> の <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#privatekey" title="用語集を参照">秘密鍵</a> で署名します。 + 一旦 CSR に署名がなされると、それは本物の証明書になります。<br /> + 参照: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS 暗号化</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="certificationauthority" id="certificationauthority">証明局</a> + <span class="transnote">(<em>訳注:</em> Certification Authority)</span> + <a name="ca" id="ca">(CA)</a></dt> + <dd>安全な方法で認証を行なったネットワークエンティティの証明書を + 署名するための信頼できる第三者機関。他のネットワークエンティティは + 証明書の保持者が CA に認証されたかを署名を検証することで調べることが + できます。<br /> + 参照: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS 暗号化</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="cipher" id="cipher">Cipher</a></dt> + <dd>データ暗号化のためのアルゴリズム。例えば DES, IDEA, RC4 など。<br /> + 参照: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS 暗号化</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="ciphertext" id="ciphertext">暗号文</a></dt> + <dd><a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#plaintext" title="用語集を参照">平文</a> が + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#cipher" title="用語集を参照">Cipher</a> をかけられた結果。<br /> + 参照: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS 暗号化</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="commongatewayinterface" id="commongatewayinterface">Common + Gateway Interface</a> <a name="cgi" id="cgi">(CGI)</a></dt> + <dd>外部プログラムがリクエストを扱うことができるようにするための + ウェブサーバと外部プログラム間のインタフェースの標準仕様。 + インタフェースは元々 <a href="http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi/overview.html">NCSA</a> により定義 + されていましたが + <a href="http://cgi-spec.golux.com/">RFC プロジェクト</a> も存在します。<br /> + 参照: <a href="howto/cgi.html">CGI による動的コンテンツ</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="configurationdirective" id="configurationdirective">設定ディレクティブ</a></dt> + <dd>参照: <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="用語集を参照">ディレクティブ</a></dd> + + <dt><a name="configurationfile" id="configurationfile">設定ファイル</a></dt> + <dd>Apache の設定を制御する <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="用語集を参照">ディレクティブ</a> + の書かれたテキストファイル。<br /> + 参照: <a href="configuring.html">設定ファイル</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="connect" id="connect">CONNECT</a></dt> + <dd>データチャネルをそのまま HTTP 上でプロキシするための HTTP + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#method" title="用語集を参照">メソッド</a>。SSL のような他の + プロトコルをくるむために使うことができます。 + </dd> + + <dt><a name="context" id="context">コンテキスト</a></dt> + <dd><a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="用語集を参照">設定ファイル</a> 中で、 + 特定の種類の <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="用語集を参照">ディレクティブ</a> が許可されている場所。<br /> + 参照: <a href="mod/directive-dict.html#Context">Apache のディレクティブの + 説明に使われている用語</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="digitalsignature" id="digitalsignature">デジタル署名</a></dt> + <dd>証明書や他のファイルを検証するための暗号化されたテキストブロック。 + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificationauthority" title="用語集を参照">認証局</a> は + <em>証明書</em> に埋め込まれた <em>公開鍵</em> のハッシュを作成し、 + それを自身の <em>秘密鍵</em> で暗号化することで署名を作成します。 + CA の公開鍵でのみその署名を復号することができますので、それにより + <em>証明書</em> を保有するネットワークエンティティを CA が認証した + ことを検証できます。<br /> + 参照: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS 暗号化</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="directive" id="directive">ディレクティブ</a></dt> + <dd>Apache のいろいろな振る舞いを制御する設定コマンド。ディレクティブは + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="用語集を参照">設定ファイル</a> に + 書かれます。<br /> + 参照: <a href="mod/directives.html">ディレクティブ索引</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="dynamicsharedobject" id="dynamicsharedobject">動的 + 共有オブジェクト</a> <span class="transnote">(<em>訳注:</em> Dynamic + Shared Object)</span> <a name="dso" id="dso">(DSO)</a></dt> + <dd>必要に応じて読み込むことが可能な、Apache <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> とは + 別にコンパイルされた <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#module" title="用語集を参照">モジュール</a><br /> + 参照: <a href="dso.html">動的共有オブジェクトサポート</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="environmentvariable" id="environmentvariable">環境変数</a> + <a name="env-variable" id="env-variable">(env-variable)</a></dt> + <dd>情報を保管したり、プログラム間の通信をするために使われる、 + オペレーティングシステムのシェルにより管理されている名前付きの変数。 + Apache も環境変数と呼ばれる内部変数を持っていますが、こちらは + シェル環境ではなく、Apache の内部構造体に保持されています。<br /> + 参照: <a href="env.html">Apache の環境変数</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="export-crippled" id="export-crippled">輸出強度削減</a> + <span class="transnote">(<em>訳注:</em> Export-Crippled)</span></dt> + <dd>アメリカの Export Administration Regulations (EAR) + <span class="transnote">(<em>訳注:</em> 輸出管理規則)</span> に従うために暗号の強度 (とセキュリティ) + を削減すること。輸出強度削減された暗号ソフトウェアは小さいキーに + 制限され、通常総当たり攻撃で復号できてしまう <em>暗号文</em> を生成する + ことになります。<br /> + 参照: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS 暗号化</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="filter" id="filter">フィルタ</a></dt> + <dd>サーバから送られるデータとサーバが受け取るデータに適用される処理。 + 入力フィルタはクライアントからサーバに送られたデータを処理し、 + 出力フィルタはサーバにある文書をクライアントに送る前に処理します。 + 例えば、<code>INCLUDES</code> 出力フィルタは + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#ssi" title="用語集を参照">Server Side Includes</a> の文書を + 処理します。<br /> + 参照: <a href="filter.html">フィルタ</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="fully-qualifieddomain-name" id="fully-qualifieddomain-name">完全修飾ドメイン名</a> + <span class="transnote">(<em>訳注:</em> Fully-Qualified Domain-Name)</span> + <a name="fqdn" id="fqdn">(FQDN)</a></dt> + <dd>IP アドレスに解決できるホスト名と、ドメイン名からなるネットワーク + エンティティの一意な名前。例えば、<code>www</code> はホスト名で、 + <code>example.com</code> はドメイン名なので、 + <code>www.example.com</code> は完全修飾ドメイン名になります。</dd> + + <dt><a name="handler" id="handler">ハンドラ</a></dt> + <dd>ファイルが呼ばれたときに行なわれる動作の Apache の内部での表現。 + 一般にファイルにはファイルの種類に応じて暗黙のハンドラが設定されて + います。普通はすべてのファイルがサーバにより送られますが、別に + 扱われる <span class="transnote">(<em>訳注:</em> handle)</span> ファイルの種類も存在します。 + 例えば <code>cgi-script</code> はファイルが + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#cgi" title="用語集を参照">CGI</a> として処理されるように指定します。<br /> + 参照: <a href="handler.html">Apache のハンドラの使用</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="hash" id="hash">ハッシュ</a></dt> + <dd>任意の文字列から固定長の文字列を生成する、数学的な一方向で不可逆な + アルゴリズム。異なった入力文字列からは普通は違うハッシュが生成されます + (ハッシュ関数に依存します)。</dd> + + <dt><a name="header" id="header">ヘッダ</a></dt> + <dd>実際のコンテンツの前に送られ、コンテンツを説明するメタ情報の + 入った <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#http" title="用語集を参照">HTTP</a> リクエストと応答の一部分。</dd> + + <dt><a name="htaccess" id="htaccess">.htaccess</a></dt> + <dd>ウェブツリーに置かれて、そのディレクトリとサブディレクトリに + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="用語集を参照">ディレクティブ</a> を適用する + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="用語集を参照">設定ファイル</a>。 + 名前とは裏腹に、このファイルにはアクセス制御ディレクティブだけでなく、 + ほとんどどんな種類のディレクティブでも書くことができます。<br /> + 参照: <a href="configuring.html">設定ファイル</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="httpd.conf" id="httpd.conf">httpd.conf</a></dt> + <dd>メインの Apache <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="用語集を参照">設定 + ファイル</a>。デフォルトの場所は + <code>/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf</code> + ですが、実行時やコンパイル時の設定により違う場所に移動されて + いるかもしれません。<br /> + 参照: <a href="configuring.html">設定ファイル</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="hypertexttransferprotocol" id="hypertexttransferprotocol">HyperText Transfer Protocol</a> + <a name="http" id="hhtp">(HTTP)</a></dt> + <dd>World Wide Web で使われる標準の転送プロトコル。Apache + は HTTP/1.1 と呼ばれ、<a href="http://ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt">RFC 2616</a> + で定義されているプロトコルのバージョン 1.1 を実装しています。</dd> + + <dt><a name="https" id="https">HTTPS</a></dt> + <dd>The HyperText Transfer Protocol (Secure), + World Wide Web での暗号化された標準の通信機構。これは実際は + 単に <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#ssl" title="用語集を参照">SSL</a> 上での HTTP です。<br /> + 参照: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS 暗号化</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="method" id="method">メソッド</a></dt> + <dd><a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#http" title="用語集を参照">HTTP</a> の文脈では、 + クライアントから指定されたリクエスト行に対応するリソース + に対して行なう動作。HTTP では <code>GET</code>, <code>POST</code>, + <code>PUT</code> といったようなメソッドがあります。</dd> + + <dt><a name="messagedigest" id="messagedigest">メッセージダイジェスト</a></dt> + <dd>メッセージのハッシュで、メッセージの内容が転送時に変更されていないことの検証に + 使える。<br /> + 参照: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS 暗号化</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="mime-type" id="mime-type">MIME タイプ</a></dt> + <dd>送信されているドキュメントの種類を表すための方法。 + この名前はフォーマットが Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions から + 借りてこられたことによります。これはスラッシュで分離された、 + 主タイプと副タイプからなります。例えば、<code>text/html</code>, + <code>image/gif</code>, <code>application/octet-stream</code> など + があります。HTTP では、MIME タイプは <code>Content-Type</code> + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#header" title="用語集を参照">ヘッダ</a> で送信されます。<br /> + 参照: <a href="mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="module" id="module">モジュール</a></dt> + <dd>プログラムの独立した一部分。Apache の機能の多くは使用するかしないかを + 選択できるモジュールの中にあります。Apache <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> + に組み込まれているモジュールは<dfn>静的モジュール</dfn>と呼ばれ、 + 別に保存され、実行時に読み込むことのできるモジュールは + <dfn>動的モジュール</dfn> もしくは <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#dso" title="用語集を参照">DSO</a> と + 呼ばれます。デフォルトで含まれているモジュールは<dfn>base モジュール</dfn> + と呼ばれます。Apache HTTP サーバの <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#tarball" title="用語集を参照">tarball</a> + の一部としては配られていない Apache 用のモジュールがあります。 + それらは <dfn>サードパーティモジュール</dfn> と呼ばれます。<br /> + 参照: <a href="mod/">モジュール索引</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="modulemagicnumber" id="modulemagicnumber">Module Magic + Number</a> (<a name="mmn" id="mmn">MMN</a>)</dt> + <dd>Apache ソースコードで定義されている、モジュールのバイナリ互換性に + 関する定数。バイナリ互換性が保てなくなるような Apache 内部の構造体や、 + 関数呼び出し、その他の API の重要な部分の変更があったときに変更されます。 + MMN が変わると、すべてのサードパーティモジュールは少なくとも再コンパイルを + する必要があり、場合によっては新しいバージョンの Apache で動作するために + 少し変更する必要さえあるかもしれません。</dd> + + <dt><a name="openssl" id="openssl">OpenSSL</a></dt> + <dd>SSL/TLS 用のオープンソースツールキット<br /> + 参照 <a href="http://www.openssl.org/">http://www.openssl.org/</a># + </dd> + + <dt><a name="passphrase" id="passphrase">パスフレーズ</a></dt> + <dd>秘密鍵のファイルを保護するための語句。権限の無いユーザが + 暗号化するのを防ぎます。通常は単に <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#cipher" title="用語集を参照">Cipher</a> の秘密の暗号用と復号用のキーです。<br /> + 参照: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS 暗号化</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="plaintext" id="plaintext">平文</a></dt> + <dd>暗号化されていないテキスト。</dd> + + <dt><a name="privatekey" id="privatekey">秘密鍵</a></dt> + <dd>受け取るメッセージの復号と送出するメッセージの署名に使われる、 + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#publickeycryptography" title="用語集を参照">公開鍵暗号</a> の + 秘密鍵。<br /> + 参照: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS 暗号化</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="proxy" id="proxy">プロキシ</a></dt> + <dd>クライアントと <em>オリジンのサーバ</em> の間に存在する中間サーバ。 + クライアントからのリクエストを受け取り、オリジンのサーバに送信して、オリジンの + サーバからの応答をクライアントに返します。複数のクライアントが同じ + コンテンツを要求する場合は、毎回元のサーバにリクエストを送る代わり + プロキシはキャッシュからコンテンツを送り、応答時間を短縮することが + できます。<br /> + 参照: <a href="mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="publickey" id="publickey">公開鍵</a></dt> + <dd>所有者に向けられたメッセージの暗号化と所有者による署名の復号に使われる、 + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#publickeycryptography" title="用語集を参照">公開鍵暗号</a>システムに + おける公けにされている鍵。<br /> + 参照: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS 暗号化</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="publickeycryptography" id="publickeycryptography">公開鍵暗号</a></dt> + <dd>ある鍵を暗号に使い、別の鍵を復号に使う非対称暗号システムについての研究や + その応用を指す。対応する鍵はキーペアと呼ばれます。非対称暗号とも呼ばれます。<br /> + 参照: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS 暗号化</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="regularexpresion" id="regularexpresion">正規表現</a> + <a name="regex" id="regex">(Regex)</a></dt> + <dd>テキストのパターンを表現する方式の一つ。例えば、 + 「A で始まるすべての単語」や「すべての 10 桁の電話番号」や、 + 「コンマが二つあり、大文字の Q がないすべての文」というのでさえ表現 + できます。 + 正規表現は Apache においても便利なもので、ファイルやリソースの集まりに対して + 何らかの属性を適用することがとても柔軟にできます。例えば、 + すべての "images" ディレクトリの下の、すべての .gif と .jpg ファイル + は <code>/images/.*(jpg|gif)$</code> と書くことができます。 + Apache では <a href="http://www.pcre.org/">PCRE</a> ライブラリが提供する + Perl 互換正規表現 <span class="transnote">(<em>訳注:</em> Perl Compatible Regular Expressions)</span> + を使います。</dd> + + <dt><a name="reverseproxy" id="reverseproxy">リバースプロキシ</a></dt> + <dd>クライアントには <em>オリジンのサーバ</em> のように見える + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#proxy" title="用語集を参照">プロキシ</a> サーバ。セキュリティの + ためや、負荷分散のためにクライアントからオリジンのサーバを隠したいときに + 便利です。</dd> + + <dt><a name="securesocketslayer" id="securesocketslayer">Secure Sockets + Layer</a> <a name="ssl" id="ssl">(SSL)</a></dt> + <dd>Netscape Communications Corporation により + TCP/IP ネットワーク上で一般の通信の認証と暗号用に作られたプロトコル。 + 最もよく使われているものは <em>HTTPS</em> つまり SSL 上での + HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) です。<br /> + 参照: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS 暗号化</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="serversideincludes" id="serversideincludes">Server Side + Includes</a> <a name="ssi" id="ssi">(SSI)</a></dt> + <dd>HTML ファイル中に処理ディレクティブを埋め込む技術の一つ。<br /> + 参照: <a href="howto/ssi.html">Server Side Includes 入門</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="session" id="session">セッション</a></dt> + <dd>一般的な通信における文脈情報。</dd> + + <dt><a name="ssleay" id="ssleay">SSLeay</a></dt> + <dd>Eric A. Young 氏による SSL/TLS を実装した元々のライブラリ。</dd> + + <dt><a name="symmetriccryptophraphy" id="symmetriccryptophraphy">対称暗号</a> + </dt> + <dd>一つの秘密鍵を暗号化と復号の両方に使う <em>Cipher</em> の + 研究や応用を指す。</dd> + + <dt><a name="tarball" id="tarball">Tarball</a></dt> + <dd><code>tar</code> ユーティリティを使ってまとめられたファイルのパッケージ。 + Apache 配布は圧縮された tar アーカイブか pkzip で保管されています。</dd> + + <dt><a name="transportlayersecurity" id="transportlayersecurity">Transport + Layer Security</a> <a name="tls" id="tls">(TLS)</a></dt> + <dd>TCP/IP ネットワーク上での一般通信の認証と暗号化用に + Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) により作成された SSL の + 後継プロトコル。TLS バージョン 1 は SSL バージョン 3 とほぼ同じです。<br /> + 参照: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS 暗号化</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="uniformresourcelocator" id="uniformresourcelocator">Uniform + Resource Locator</a> <a name="url" id="url">(URL)</a></dt> + <dd>Internet のリソースの名前、もしくはアドレス。これは正式には + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#uniformresourceidentifier" title="用語集を参照">Uniform Resource Identifier</a> + と呼ばれるもののよく使われる非公式な名前です。URL は普通は、 + <code>http</code> や <code>https</code> といったスキームとホスト名、 + パスからなります。このページの URL はおそらく + <code>http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/glossary.html</code> + と思われます。 + </dd> + + <dt><a name="uniformresourceidentifier" id="uniformresourceidentifier">Uniform Resource Identifier</a> + <a name="URI" id="URI">(URI)</a></dt> + <dd>抽象的なリソースや物理リソースを同定するためのコンパクトな文字列。 + 正式には <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC 2396</a> で + 定義されています。WWW で使われている URI は通常 + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#url" title="用語集を参照">URL</a> と呼ばれます。 + </dd> + + <dt><a name="virtualhosting" id="virtualhosting">バーチャルホスト</a></dt> + <dd>一つの Apache を使って複数のウェブサイトを扱うこと。 + <em>IP バーチャルホスト</em> は IP アドレスを使ってウェブサイトを + 区別します。また <em>名前ベースのバーチャルホスト</em> は + ホストの名前だけを使って区別するので、同じ IP アドレス上での多くのサイトを + ホストできます。<br /> + 参照: <a href="vhosts/">Apache バーチャルホストの文書</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="x.509" id="x.509">X.509</a></dt> + <dd>SSL/TLS 認証に使われている International + Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) により推奨されている認証証明書の形式。<br /> + 参照: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS 暗号化</a> + </dd> + </dl> +</div></div> +<div class="bottomlang"> +<p><span>翻訳済み言語: </span><a href="./de/glossary.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> | +<a href="./en/glossary.html" hreflang="en" rel="alternate" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="./es/glossary.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> | +<a href="./fr/glossary.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> | +<a href="./ja/glossary.html" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | +<a href="./ko/glossary.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="./tr/glossary.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="./images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">コメント</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. 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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/manual/glossary.html.ko.euc-kr b/docs/manual/glossary.html.ko.euc-kr new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6fab105 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/glossary.html.ko.euc-kr @@ -0,0 +1,396 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="EUC-KR"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="ko" xml:lang="ko"><head> +<meta content="text/html; charset=EUC-KR" http-equiv="Content-Type" /> +<!-- + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + --> +<title> - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</title> +<link href="./style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> +<link href="./style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> +<link href="./style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./style/css/prettify.css" /> +<script src="./style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript"> +</script> + +<link href="./images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head> +<body id="manual-page" class="no-sidebar"><div id="page-header"> +<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/"></a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">þ</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html"></a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Ʈ</a></p> +<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</p> +<img alt="" src="./images/feather.png" /></div> +<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div> +<div id="path"> +<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.4</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1></h1> +<div class="toplang"> +<p><span> : </span><a href="./de/glossary.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> | +<a href="./en/glossary.html" hreflang="en" rel="alternate" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="./es/glossary.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> | +<a href="./fr/glossary.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> | +<a href="./ja/glossary.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | +<a href="./ko/glossary.html" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="./tr/glossary.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div> +<div class="outofdate"> ֽ ƴմϴ. + ֱٿ ϼ.</div> + +<p> Ϲݿ , Ư ġ õ, +Ѵ. 信 ڼ ũ ϶. +<span class="transnote">(<em>;</em> ܾ ѱ ƴ϶, +Դϴ. ǥ <a href="http://www.whiterabbitpress.com/osp/apache/"></a> +ϱ ٶϴ.)</span></p> +</div> +<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="definitions" id="definitions"></a></h2> + +<dl> +<dt><a name="accesscontrol"> (Access Control)</a></dt> +<dd>Ʈ . ġ Ư +<em>URL</em> ϱ Ѵ.<br /> : <a href="howto/auth.html">, Ѻο, </a></dd> + +<dt><a name="algorithm">˰ (Algorithm)</a></dt> +<dd> ܰ踦 Ǫ Ȯ Ȥ Ģ. +ȣȭ ˰ <dfn>ȣ(Ciphers)</dfn> +θ.</dd> + +<dt><a name="apacheextensiontool">APache eXtension Tool</a> +<a name="apxs">(apxs)</a></dt> <dd><a href="#module"> +(module)</a> ҽ ü (<a href="#dso">DSO</a>) +ϰ ġ ġϴ ۾ perl +ũƮ.<br /> : <a href="programs/apxs.html">Manpage: +apxs</a></dd> + +<dt><a name="authentication"> (Authentication)</a></dt> +<dd>, Ŭ̾Ʈ, Ʈ ü +Ȯ.<br /> : <a href="howto/auth.html">, Ѻο, +</a></dd> + +<dt><a name="certificate"> (Certificate)</a></dt> +<dd> Ŭ̾Ʈ Ʈ ü ϴ ڷ. + (subject ), <a href="#certificationauthority"> (Certificate + Authority)</a> (issuer ), <a href="#publickey">Ű</a>, CA + X.509 ִ. Ʈ ü CA Ͽ + ˻Ѵ.<br /> +: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS ȣȭ</a></dd> + +<dt><a name="certificatsigningrequest"> û (Certificate +Signing Request</a>, <a name="csr">CSR)</a></dt> <dd><a href="#certificationauthority"> (Certification +Authority)</a> Ͽ CA <em> (Certificate)</em> +<a href="#privatekey">Ű (Private Key)</a> + <a href="#certificate"></a>. CSR Ǹ + ȴ.<br /> +: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS ȣȭ</a></dd> + +<dt><a name="certificationauthority"> (Certification +Authority</a>, <a name="ca">CA)</a></dt> <dd> +Ʈ ü ϴ ŷϴ . ٸ Ʈ +ü CA ڸ ߴ Ȯ +ִ.<br /> +: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS ȣȭ</a></dd> + +<dt><a name="cipher">ȣ (Cipher)</a></dt> <dd>ڷḦ +ȣȭϴ ˰̳ ý. , DES, IDEA, RC4 ִ.<br /> +: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS ȣȭ</a></dd> + +<dt><a name="ciphertext">ȣ (Ciphertext)</a></dt> <dd><a href="#plaintext"> (Plaintext)</a> <a href="#cipher">ȣ +(Cipher)</a> ó .<br /> : <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS +ȣȭ</a></dd> + +<dt><a name="commongatewayinterface"> Ʈ ̽ +(Common Gateway Interface</a>, <a name="cgi">CGI)</a></dt> +<dd>ܺ α û ֵ ܺ +α ̽ ǥ. ̽ <a href="http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi/overview.html">NCSA</a> +, <a href="http://cgi-spec.golux.com/">RFC +Ʈ</a>̱ ϴ.<br /> +: <a href="howto/cgi.html">CGI </a></dd> + + +<dt><a name="configurationdirective"> þ (Configuration +Directive)</a></dt> +<dd>: <a href="#directive">þ</a></dd> + +<dt><a name="configurationfile"> (Configuration File)</a></dt> +<dd>ġ ϴ <a href="#directive">þ (directive)</a> + ؽƮ.<br /> +: <a href="configuring.html"></a></dd> + +<dt><a name="connect">CONNECT</a></dt> +<dd>HTTP ڷ帧 Ͻϴ HTTP <a href="#method"> +(method)</a>. SSL ٸ α Ѵ.</dd> + +<dt><a name="context"> (Context)</a></dt> <dd><a href="#configurationfile"> (configuration file)</a> +Ư <a href="#directive">þ (directive)</a> +ִ .<br /> : <a href="mod/directive-dict.html#Context">ġ þ ϴµ + </a></dd> + +<dt><a name="digitalsignature">ڼ (Digital Signature)</a></dt> +<dd> ٸ ˻ϴ ȣȭ ڵ. <a href="#certificationauthority"> (Certification + Authority)</a> <em> (Certificate)</em> Ե + <em>Ű (Public Key)</em> ؽ ڽ + <em>Ű (Private Key)</em> ȣȭϿ . + CA Ű Ǯ ֱ, CA <em> + (Certificate)</em> Ʈ ü + ִ.<br /> +: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS ȣȭ</a></dd> + +<dt><a name="directive">þ (Directive)</a></dt> <dd>ġ + ϴ ɾ. þ <a href="#configurationfile"> (Configuration File)</a> +Ѵ.<br /> : <a href="mod/directives.html">þ </a></dd> + +<dt><a name="dynamicsharedobject">ü (Dynamic Shared +Object)</a> <a name="dso">(DSO)</a></dt> <dd> ġ httpd +ϰ Ͽ ʿҶ о ִ <a href="#module"> (Module)</a>.<br /> +: <a href="dso.html">ü </a></dd> + +<dt><a name="environmentvariable">ȯ溯 (Environment Variable)</a> +<a name="env-variable">(env-variable)</a></dt> +<dd> ϰ α ü ϴ +. ġ ȯ溯 , ȯ +ƴ϶ ġ ο ȴ.<br /> +: <a href="env.html">ġ ȯ溯</a></dd> + +<dt><a name="export-crippled"> (Export-Crippled)</a></dt> +<dd>̱ (Export Administration Regulations, EAR) + ؼϱ ȣ( ) . ȣȭ + Ʈ Ű ũⰡ ۰ ѵǾ, <em>ȣ + (Ciphertext)</em> (brute force) Ǯ ִ.<br /> +: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS ȣȭ (SSL/TLS Encryption)</a></dd> + +<dt><a name="filter"> (Filter)</a></dt> +<dd> ų ڷḦ óϴ . Էʹ +Ŭ̾Ʈ ڷḦ óϰ, ʹ +Ŭ̾Ʈ óѴ. , +<code>INCLUDES</code> ʹ <a href="#ssi">Server +Side Includes</a> óѴ.<br /> +: <a href="filter.html"></a></dd> + +<dt><a name="fully-qualifieddomain-name"> θ +(Fully-Qualified Domain-Name)</a> <a name="fqdn">(FQDN)</a></dt> +<dd>IP ּҿ ϴ, ȣƮ θ Ʈ +ü ̸. , <code>www</code> ȣƮ̰ +<code>example.com</code> θ϶, +<code>www.example.com</code> θ̴.</dd> + +<dt><a name="handler">ڵ鷯 (Handler)</a></dt> +<dd> ûҶ ϴ ۾ ġ ǥ. +Ϲ Ϲ ڵ鷯 . + , + "óȴ(handled)". , <code>cgi-script</code> +ڵ鷯 <a href="#cgi">CGI</a> ó Ѵ.<br /> +: <a href="handler.html">ġ ڵ鷯 </a></dd> + +<dt><a name="header"> (Header)</a></dt> +<dd><a href="#http">HTTP</a> û 信 + κ ϴ ִ.</dd> + +<dt><a name="htaccess">.htaccess</a></dt> <dd> ȿ ִ +<a href="#configurationfile"> (configuration file)</a>, + <a href="#directive">þ (directive)</a> ڽ ġ +丮 丮 Ѵ. ̸ +Ͽ ܼ þܿ þ + ִ.<br /> +: <a href="configuring.html"></a></dd> + +<dt><a name="httpd.conf">httpd.conf</a></dt> +<dd>ġ <a href="#configurationfile"> (configuration +file)</a>. ⺻ ġ +<code>/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf</code>, Ҷ +Ȥ ϶ ִ.<br /> +: <a href="configuring.html"></a></dd> + +<dt><a name="hypertexttransferprotocol">HyperText Transfer +Protocol</a> <a name="http">(HTTP)</a></dt> +<dd>̵ ϴ ǥ . ġ +<a href="http://ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt">RFC 2616</a> + HTTP/1.1̶ 1.1 Ѵ.</dd> + +<dt><a name="https">HTTPS</a></dt> +<dd>ȭ̵ ǥ ȣ , HyperText Transfer + Protocol (Secure). شܿ <a href="#ssl">SSL</a> + HTTP̴.<br /> +: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS ȣȭ</a></dd> + +<dt><a name="method"> (Method)</a></dt> <dd>Ŭ̾Ʈ + <a href="#http">HTTP</a> û +ڿ ϵ ൿ. HTTP 忡 <code>GET</code>, +<code>POST</code>, <code>PUT</code> ִ.</dd> + +<dt><a name="messagedigest"> (Message Digest)</a></dt> +<dd> ʾ ϱ + ؽ.<br /> +: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS ȣȭ</a></dd> + +<dt><a name="mime-type">MIME-type</a></dt> <dd> + ϴ . Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions + Ա ̷ ̸ . ̿ + major type minor type ̷. , +<code>text/html</code>, <code>image/gif</code>, +<code>application/octet-stream</code> ̴. MIME-type HTTP +<code>Content-Type</code> <a href="#header"> (header)</a> +Ѵ.<br /> : <a href="mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a></dd> + +<dt><a name="module"> (Module)</a></dt> <dd>α +κ. ġ Կθ ִ +ִ. ġ httpd ϰ <em> +</em>̶ ϸ, иǾ о + ִ <em> </em> Ȥ <a href="#dso">DSO</a> +Ѵ. ⺻ ϴ <em>base </em>̶ Ѵ. +ġ <a href="#tarball">Ÿ (tarball)</a> + ġ ִ. ̵ +<em>ڰ (third-party) </em>̶ Ѵ.<br /> +: <a href="mod/"> </a></dd> + +<dt><a name="modulemagicnumber"> (Module Magic Number)</a> +(<a name="mmn">MMN</a>)</dt> +<dd> ġ ҽڵ尡 , +ȣȯ ִ. ȣȯ ̻ + ġ Լ ȣ, ٸ API Ϻΰ +쿡 ٲ. MMN ϸ ڰ ּ ٽ +ϵǾ Ѵ. ġ µ ؾ 쵵 +ִ. +</dd> + +<dt><a name="openssl">OpenSSL</a></dt> +<dd>SSL/TLS ¼ҽ <br /> + <a href="http://www.openssl.org/">http://www.openssl.org/</a></dd> + +<dt><a name="passphrase">Pass Phrase</a></dt> +<dd>Ű ȣϴ . ڰ Ű + Ͽ ȣȭ ϵ Ѵ. <a name="cipher">ȣ +(Ciphers)</a> ϴ н ȣ/ص Ű̴.<br /> : <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS ȣȭ</a></dd> + +<dt><a name="plaintext"> (Plaintext)</a></dt> +<dd>ȣȭ .</dd> + +<dt><a name="privatekey">Ű (Private Key)</a></dt> <dd> +ڷḦ صϰ ڷḦ ϱ <a href="#publickeycryptography">Ű ȣȭ (Public Key +Cryptography)</a> ý ȣŰ.<br /> +: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS ȣȭ</a></dd> + +<dt><a name="proxy">Ͻ (Proxy)</a></dt> <dd>Ŭ̾Ʈ +<em> </em> ̿ ִ ߰ . Ŭ̾Ʈ û + , Լ ٽ +Ŭ̾Ʈ . Ŭ̾Ʈ ûϸ +Ͻô Ź ûʰ ij Ͽ +ð ִ.<br /> +: <a href="mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></dd> + +<dt><a name="publickey">Ű (Public Key)</a></dt> <dd><a href="#publickeycryptography">Ű ȣȭ (Public Key +Cryptography)</a> ýۿ Ű ڿ ȣȭϰų +ڰ Ǯ Ű.<br /> +: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS ȣȭ</a></dd> + +<dt><a name="publickeycryptography">Ű ȣȭ (Public Key +Cryptography)</a></dt> +<dd>ȣ ص ٸ Ű ϴ Ī(asymmetric) +ȣȭ ý Ȱ. ȣ ص ϴ ΰ Ű +Ű(key pair) ̷. Ī ȣȭ θ.<br /> +: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS ȣȭ</a></dd> + +<dt><a name="regularexpresion">ǥ (Regular Expression)</a> <a name="regex">(Regex)</a></dt> <dd> ϴ . + , " A ϴ ܾ", " 10ε ȭȣ", + "ǥ ΰְ 빮 Q " ǥ ִ. +ǥ ϸ ſ ϰ ̳ ڿ + ִ. , "images" 丮 Ʒ ִ .gif +.jpg "<code>/images/.*(jpg|gif)$</code>" Ī +ִ. ġ <a href="http://www.pcre.org/">PCRE</a> ̺귯 +Ͽ Perlȣȯ ǥ Ѵ.</dd> + +<dt><a name="reverseproxy">Ͻ (Reverse Proxy)</a></dt> +<dd>Ŭ̾Ʈ <em> </em>ó ̴ <a href="#proxy">Ͻ (proxy)</a> . Ȼ Ȥ ϸ +лϱ Ŭ̾Ʈ 涧 ϴ.</dd> + +<dt><a name="securesocketslayer">Secure Sockets Layer</a> <a name="ssl">(SSL)</a></dt> <dd>Netscape Communications簡 TCP/IP +Ʈ Ϲ ȣȭ . + Ϲ 뵵 <em>HTTPS</em> (HyperText Transfer Protocol +(HTTP) over SSL)̴.<br /> +: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS ȣȭ</a></dd> + +<dt><a name="serversideincludes">Server Side Includes</a> <a name="ssi">(SSI)</a></dt> <dd>HTML ȿ óþ ϴ +.<br /> : <a href="howto/ssi.html">Server Side Includes Ұ</a></dd> + +<dt><a name="session"> (Session)</a></dt> +<dd>Ϲ Ȳ(context) .</dd> + +<dt><a name="ssleay">SSLeay</a></dt> +<dd>Eric A. Young SSL/TLS ̺귯</dd> + +<dt><a name="symmetriccryptophraphy">Ī ȣ (Symmetric +Cryptography)</a></dt> +<dd>ȣ ص ۾ ȣŰ ϴ <em>ȣ + (Ciphers)</em> Ȱ.<br /> +: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd> + +<dt><a name="tarball">Ÿ (Tarball)</a></dt> +<dd><code>tar</code> Ͽ ϵ . ġ +tar ϰų pkzip Ͽ ȴ.</dd> + +<dt><a name="transportlayersecurity">Transport Layer Security</a> <a name="tls">(TLS)</a></dt> +<dd>ͳݱ ǥȭⱸ(Internet Engineering Task +Force, IETF) TCP/IP Ʈ Ϲ ȣȭ + SSL ļ . TLS 1 SSL 3 +ϴ.<br /> +: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS ȣȭ</a></dd> + +<dt><a name="uniformresourcelocator">Uniform Resource Locator</a> +<a name="url">(URL)</a></dt> +<dd>ͳݿ ִ ڿ ̸/ּ. δ <a href="#uniformresourceidentifier">Uniform Resource +Identifier</a> ϴ ϻ Ī̴. URL +<code>http</code> <code>https</code> Ŵ(scheme), ȣƮ, +η ȴ. URL +<code>http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/glossary.html</code>̴.</dd> + +<dt><a name="uniformresourceidentifier">Uniform Resource Identifier</a> +<a name="URI">(URI)</a></dt> +<dd> ڿ̳ ڿ Īϱ ڿ. + <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC +2396</a> Ѵ. ̵ ϴ URI +<a href="#url">URL</a>̶ θ.</dd> + +<dt><a name="virtualhosting">ȣƮ (Virtual Hosting)</a></dt> +<dd>ġ ϳ Ʈ ϱ. <em>IP ȣƮ</em> +Ʈ IP ּҰ ٸ. <em≯(name-based) +ȣƮ</em> ȣƮ ϹǷ IP ּҿ +Ʈ ִ.<br /> +: <a href="vhosts/">ġ ȣƮ </a></dd> + +<dt><a name="x.509">X.509</a></dt> +<dd>ſ(International Telecommunication Union, +ITU-T) ϴ . SSL/TLS Ѵ.<br /> +: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS ȣȭ</a></dd> +</dl> +</div></div> +<div class="bottomlang"> +<p><span> : </span><a href="./de/glossary.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> | +<a href="./en/glossary.html" hreflang="en" rel="alternate" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="./es/glossary.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> | +<a href="./fr/glossary.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> | +<a href="./ja/glossary.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | +<a href="./ko/glossary.html" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="./tr/glossary.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="./images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. 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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/manual/glossary.html.tr.utf8 b/docs/manual/glossary.html.tr.utf8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..04a97f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/glossary.html.tr.utf8 @@ -0,0 +1,529 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="tr" xml:lang="tr"><head> +<meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type" /> +<!-- + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + --> +<title>Terim Sözlüğü - Apache HTTP Sunucusu Sürüm 2.4</title> +<link href="./style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> +<link href="./style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> +<link href="./style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./style/css/prettify.css" /> +<script src="./style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript"> +</script> + +<link href="./images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head> +<body id="manual-page" class="no-sidebar"><div id="page-header"> +<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modüller</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Yönergeler</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">SSS</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Terimler</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Site Haritası</a></p> +<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Sunucusu Sürüm 2.4</p> +<img alt="" src="./images/feather.png" /></div> +<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div> +<div id="path"> +<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Sunucusu</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Belgeleme</a> > <a href="./">Sürüm 2.4</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Terim Sözlüğü</h1> +<div class="toplang"> +<p><span>Mevcut Diller: </span><a href="./de/glossary.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> | +<a href="./en/glossary.html" hreflang="en" rel="alternate" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="./es/glossary.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> | +<a href="./fr/glossary.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> | +<a href="./ja/glossary.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | +<a href="./ko/glossary.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="./tr/glossary.html" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div> + + <p>Bu sözlük, genelinde HTML sayfa sunumuna, özelinde Apache HTTP Sunucusuna + özgü ortak terminolojinin bir kısmını içerir. Her kavram ile ilgili daha + ayrıntılı bilgi bağlarla sağlanmıştır.</p> + </div> +<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="definitions" id="definitions">Tanımlar</a></h2> + + <dl> + <dt><a name="algorithm" id="algorithm">Algoritma</a></dt> + + <dd>Bir sorunu sonlu sayıda adımda çözümlemek için uygulanan kurallar + kümesi veya anlam belirsizliği içermeyen bir formül. Şifreleme için + kullanılan algoritmalara <dfn>şifre</dfn> denir. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="transportlayersecurity" id="transportlayersecurity">Aktarım Katmanı Güvenliği</a></dt> + <dd>İngilizcesi: Transport Layer Security <a name="tls" id="tls">(TLS)</a></dd> + <dd>TCP/IP ağları üzerinden genel iletişimin kimlik doğrulamalı ve şifreli + yapılabilmesi için SSL’nin ardılı olarak Genel Ağ Mühendisliği Görev Gücü + (IETF) tarafından oluşturulmuş protokol. TLS’nin 1. sürümü ile SSL’in 3. + sürümü hemen hemen aynıdır.<br /> + Bakınız: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Şifrelemesi</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="subrequest" id="subrequest">Alt istek</a></dt> + <dd>Diğer dosya sistemlerini veya URL yollarını kısmen veya tamamen + değerlendiren modüller için sunucuda bir alt istek API'si mevcuttur. Bu + API'nin olası müşterileri için + <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_dir.html#directoryindex">DirectoryIndex</a></code>, + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_autoindex.html">mod_autoindex</a></code> ve <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_include.html">mod_include</a></code> örnek + verilebilir. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="passphrase" id="passphrase">Anahtar Parolası</a></dt> + <dd>Özel anahtar dosyalarını yetkisiz kişilerden koruyan sözcük veya + cümle. Genellikle sadece <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#cipher" title="sözlüğe bakınız">şifreler</a> + için kullanılan gizli şifreleme/şifre çözme anahtarını korur.<br /> + Bakınız: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Şifrelemesi</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="apacheextensiontool" id="apacheextensiontool">Apache Eklenti + Aracı</a> <a name="apxs" id="apxs">(apxs)</a></dt> + <dd>İngilizcesi: APache eXtension Tool - apxs</dd> + <dd><a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#module" title="sözlüğe bakınız">Modül</a> kaynak kodlarının devinen + paylaşımlı nesneler (<a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#dso" title="sözlüğe bakınız">DSO</a>) halinde + derlenmesine ve Apache Sunucusu içinde kurulmasına yardım eden bir Perl + betiği.<br />Daha ayrıntılı bilgi için <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apxs.html">apxs</a></code> kılavuz + sayfasına bakınız. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="apacheportableruntime" id="apacheportableruntime">Apache Taşınabilir Arayüzü</a> <a name="apr" id="apr">(APR)</a></dt> + <dd>İngilizcesi: Apache Portable Runtime - APR</dd> + <dd>Sunucu ile işletim sistemi arasındaki temel arayüzleri oluşturan + kütüphaneler kümesine verilen ad. APR, Apache HTTP Sunucusuna paralel + bağımsız bir proje olarak geliştirilmektedir.<br /> + Bakınız: <a href="http://apr.apache.org/">Apache Taşınabilir Arayüzü + Projesi</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="context" id="context">Bağlam</a></dt> + <dd><a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="sözlüğe bakınız">Yapılandırma dosyaları</a>nda + sadece belli türdeki <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="sözlüğe bakınız">yönerge</a>lerin + bulunmasına izin verilen bir bölge.<br /> + Bakınız: <a href="mod/directive-dict.html#Context">Apache Yönergelerini + Açıklamak için Kullanılan Terimler</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="symmetriccryptophraphy" id="symmetriccryptophraphy">Bakışımlı Şifreleme Tekniği</a></dt> + <dd>Şifreleme ve şifre çözme için tek bir anahtarın kullanıldığı + bir şifreleme tekniği.<br /> + Bakınız: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Şifrelemesi</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="header" id="header">Başlık</a></dt> + <dd>Bir <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#http" title="sözlüğe bakınız">HTTP</a> isteğinin parçası olarak, + gönderilen yanıtta asıl içerikten önce yer alan ve içerik hakkında + mecazlar içeren veri. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="connect" id="connect">CONNECT</a></dt> + <dd>Ham veri kanallarını HTTP üzerinden yönlendirmek için kullanılan bir HTTP <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#method" title="sözlüğe bakınız">yöntemi</a>. SSL protokolü gibi diğer protokolleri sarmalamakta kullanılabilir. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="dynamicsharedobject" id="dynamicsharedobject">Devingen + Paylaşımlı Nesne</a> <a name="dso" id="dso">(DSO)</a></dt> + <dd>İngilizcesi: Dynamic Shared Object (DSO)</dd> + <dd>İstek halinde yüklenebilen, Apache <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> + çalıştırılabilir dosyasından ayrı olarak derlenmiş <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#module" title="sözlüğe bakınız">modül</a>lerin ortak adı.<br /> + Bakınız: <a href="dso.html">Devingen Paylaşımlı Nesne Desteği</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="plaintext" id="plaintext">Düz Metin</a></dt> + <dd>Şifrelenmemiş metin.</dd> + + <dt><a name="regularexpression" id="regularexpression">Düzenli İfade</a> + <a name="regex" id="regex">(Regex)</a></dt> + <dd>Metin içinde bir şablon tanımlama yolu. Örneğin, “A harfi ile + başlayan bütün sözcükler” veya “10 rakamlı telefon numaraları” ya da + “Baş harfi Z olmayan ve iki virgül içeren cümleler” gibi. Düzenli + ifadeler, Apache’de belli özniteliklere uygun dosya veya özkaynakları + toplamak için esnek bir yol sağlamasından ötürü oldukça yararlıdır. + Örneğin, “resimler” dizini altındaki dosyalardan .gif ve .jpg uzantılı + olanları toplamak için “<code>/resimler/.*(jpg|gif)$</code>” düzenli + ifadesi yazılabilir. Dizgileri değiştirmek için düzenli ifadelerin + kullanıldığı yerlerde, eşleşen (parantezlerin içinde) gruplanmış + parçalara başvurmak için $1 ... $9 özel değişkenleri kullanılır. $0 özel + değişkeni eşleşen ifadenin tamamına karşılık gelir. Bir dizgi içinde $ + işaretini kendisi olarak kullanmak isterseniz önüne bir \ imi + koymalısınız. Geçmişe uyumluluk adına bazı yerlerde $0 yerine & + değişkeni kullanılabilir. Ancak 2.3.6 sürümünden beri bu artık mümkün + değildir. Apache, <a href="http://www.pcre.org/">PCRE</a> kütüphanesi ile + sağlanan Perl uyumlu düzenli ifadeleri kullanır. PCRE düzenli + ifadelerinin sözdizimi ile ilgili ayrıntılı bilgiyi <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCRE">Wikipedia</a>'da bulabilirsiniz. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="accesscontrol" id="accesscontrol">Erişim Denetimi</a></dt> + + <dd>Ağ bölgelerine erişimin kısıtlanması. Apache bağlamında normal + olarak belli <em>URL</em>’lere erişimi kısıtlamak şeklinde + uygulanır.<br /> Bakınız: <a href="howto/auth.html">Kimlik Doğrulama, + Yetkilendirme ve Erişim Denetimi</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="handler" id="handler">Eylemci</a></dt> + <dd>Bir dosya istendiğinde uygulanacak eylemi Apache içinde gerçekleştiren + nesne. Genellikle dosyalar, dosya türüne bağlı dolaylı eylemcilere + sahiptir. Normalde tüm dosyalar sunucu tarafından sıradan birer dosya + olarak işleme sokulduğu halde bazı belli dosyalar diğerlerinden ayrı + ele alınır. Örneğin, <code>cgi-script</code> eylemcisi dosyaları + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#cgi" title="sözlüğe bakınız">CGI</a>’ler tarafından işlenebilir hale + getirmek üzere işleme sokar.<br /> + Bakınız: <a href="handler.html">Apache Eylemcilerinin Kullanımı</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="publickey" id="publickey">Genel Anahtar</a></dt> + <dd><a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#publickeycryptography" title="sözlüğe bakınız">Genel Anahtarlı + Şifreleme Tekniği</a>nde, sahibinin yaptığı imzaları çözmeye ve + sahibine gönderilen iletileri şifrelemeye yarayan genel erişime açık + anahtar.<br /> + Bakınız: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Şifrelemesi</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="publickeycryptography" id="publickeycryptography">Genel Anahtarlı Şifreleme Tekniği</a></dt> + <dd>Şifreleme ve şifre çözme için iki ayrı anahtarın kullanıldığı + bakışımsız şifreleme sistemlerinin konusu veya uygulaması. Bu amaçla + kullanılan anahtarlar bir anahtar çiftinden oluşur. Genel Anahtarlı + Şifrelemeye Bakışımsız Şifreleme de denir.<br /> + Bakınız: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Şifrelemesi</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="privatekey" id="privatekey">Gizli Anahtar</a></dt> + <dd><a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#publickeycryptography" title="sözlüğe bakınız">Genel Anahtarlı + Şifreleme Tekniği</a>nde, giden iletileri imzalamak ve gelen + iletilerin şifrelerini çözmek amacıyla kullanılan gizli anahtar.<br /> + Bakınız: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Şifrelemesi</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="https" id="https">Güvenli Hiper Metin Aktarım Protokolü + (HTTPS)</a></dt> + <dd>İngilizcesi: The HyperText Transfer Protocol (Secure), (HTTPS)</dd> + <dd>Güvenli Hiper Metin Aktarım Protokolü, Genel Ağ’da kullanılan standart + şifreli iletişim mekanizmasıdır. Aslında HTTP protokolünün <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#ssl" title="sözlüğe bakınız">SSL</a> üzerinden gerçekleştirilmesinden başka bir + şey değildir.<br /> + Bakınız: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Şifrelemesi</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="securesocketslayer" id="securesocketslayer">Güvenli Soket Katmanı</a></dt> + <dd>İngilizcesi: Secure Sockets Layer <a name="ssl" id="ssl">(SSL)</a></dd> + <dd>TCP/IP ağları üzerinden genel iletişimin kimlik doğrulamalı ve şifreli + yapılabilmesi için Netscape Communications Corporation tarafından + oluşturulmuş bir protokol. Günümüzde en çok <em>HTTPS</em>, yani SSL + üzerinden Hiper Metin Aktarım Protokolü şeklinde kullanılmaktadır.<br /> + Bakınız: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Şifrelemesi</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="hypertexttransferprotocol" id="hypertexttransferprotocol">Hiper Metin Aktarım Protokolü</a> + <a name="http" id="hhtp">(HTTP)</a></dt> + <dd>İngilizcesi: HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)</dd> + <dd>Genel Ağ’da kullanılan standart aktarım protokollerinden biri. + Apache, <a href="http://ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt">RFC 2616</a> ile + tanımlanmış protokolün HTTP/1.1 olarak bilinen 1.1 sürümünü gerçekler. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="htaccess" id="htaccess">.htaccess</a></dt> + <dd>Belge dosyaları ağacı içine yerleştirilen bir <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="sözlüğe bakınız">yapılandırma dosyası</a> olup yerleştiği + dizine ve o dizinin alt dizinlerine yapılandırma yönergeleri + uygulanmasını sağlar. İsmine rağmen böyle bir dosyanın içerebileceği + yönergeler erişim denetleme yönergeleri ile sınırlı değildir; hemen + her tür yönergeyi içerebilir.<br /> + Bakınız: <a href="configuring.html">Yapılandırma Dosyaları</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="httpd.conf" id="httpd.conf">httpd.conf</a></dt> + <dd>Ana Apache <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="sözlüğe bakınız">yapılandırma + dosyası</a>. Dosya sistemindeki öntanımlı yeri + <code>/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf</code> olup derleme + sırasındaki yapılandırmayla veya çalışma anındaki yapılandırmayla + başka bir yer belirtilebilir.<br /> + Bakınız: <a href="configuring.html">Yapılandırma Dosyaları</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="export-crippled" id="export-crippled">İhracat Engelli</a></dt> + <dd>İngilizcesi: Export-Crippled</dd> + <dd>Amerika Birleşik Devletlerinin İhracat Yönetim Düzenlemelerine (EAR) + uymak için şifreleme yoluyla sakatlanmış yazılım. İhracat engelli olması + için şifrelenmiş yazılımları birer şifreli metin haline getiren şifre + anahtarları küçük boyutlu olduğundan şifreleme zor + kullanılarak kırılabilir.<br /> + Bakınız: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Şifrelemesi</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="messagedigest" id="messagedigest">İleti Özeti</a></dt> + <dd>İngilizcesi: Message Digest</dd> + <dd>Aktarım sırasında içeriğinin değişme olasılığı bulunan bir iletinin + içeriğini doğrulamak için kullanılan bir <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#hash" title="sözlüğe bakınız">özet</a>.<br /> + Bakınız: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Şifrelemesi</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="reverseproxy" id="reverseproxy">Karşı Vekil</a></dt> + <dd>İstemciye kendini <em>asıl sunucu</em> imiş gibi gösteren bir + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#proxy" title="sözlüğe bakınız">vekil</a> sunucu. Güvenlik, yük dengelemesi + gibi sebeplerle asıl sunucuyu istemcilerden gizlemek için yararlıdır. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="authentication" id="authentication">Kimlik Doğrulama</a></dt> + <dd>Sunucu, istemci veya kullanıcı gibi bir ağ öğesinin kimliğinin + olumlanması.<br />Bakınız: <a href="howto/auth.html">Kimlik Doğrulama, + Yetkilendirme ve Erişim Denetimi</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="mime-type" id="mime-type">MIME türü</a></dt> + <dd>Aktarılan belgenin çeşidini betimlemenin bir yolu. MIME, Türkçe’ye + ‘Çok Amaçlı Genel Ağ Posta Eklentileri’ olarak çevrilebilecek olan + "Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions" sözcüklerinden türetilmiş bir + kısaltmadır. MIME türleri bir bölü çizgisi ile ayrılmış bir ana ve bir + alt belge türünün birleşiminden oluşur. <code>text/html</code>, + <code>image/gif</code> ve <code>application/octet-stream</code> örnek + olarak verilebilir. HTTP protokolünde MIME türleri + <code>Content-Type</code> <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#header" title="sözlüğe bakınız">başlığında</a> + aktarılır.<br />Bakınız: <a href="mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="module" id="module">Modül</a></dt> + <dd>Bir programın bağımsız parçalarından her biri. Apache işlevselliğinin + çoğu yapılandırmaya dahil edilip edilmeyeceğine kullanıcı tarafından + karar verilebilen modüllerden oluşur. Apache <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> + çalıştırılabiliri içinde derlenmiş modüllere <dfn>durağan modüller</dfn> + adı verilirken ayrı bir yerde saklanan ve çalışma anında isteğe bağlı + olarak yüklenebilen modüllere <dfn>devingen modüller</dfn> veya + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#dso" title="sözlüğe bakınız">DSO</a>’lar denir. Yapılandırmaya öntanımlı + olarak dahil edilen modüllere <dfn>temel modüller</dfn> denir. Apache + için kullanılabilecek modüllerin çoğu Apache HTTP Sunucusunun + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#tarball" title="sözlüğe bakınız">tar paketi</a> içinde dağıtılmaz; bunlara + <dfn>üçüncü parti modüller</dfn> denir.<br /> + Bakınız: <a href="mod/">Modül Dizini</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="openssl" id="openssl">OpenSSL</a></dt> + <dd>SSL/TLS için açık kaynak kodlu araç kiti.<br />Daha ayrıntılı bilgi + için <a href="http://www.openssl.org/">http://www.openssl.org/</a> + adresine bakınız. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="commongatewayinterface" id="commongatewayinterface">Ortak Ağgeçidi Arayüzü</a> <a name="cgi" id="cgi">(CGI)</a></dt> + <dd>İngilizcesi: Common Gateway Interface (CGI)</dd> + <dd>Bir HTTP sunucusunun bir harici programa hizmet istekleri yapmasını + mümkün kılan, sunucu ile bir harici program arasındaki bir arayüz + standardı. Özellikleri kapsayan bir + <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3875">Bilgilendirici RFC </a> + vardır.<br /> + Bakınız: <a href="howto/cgi.html">CGI ile Devingen İçerik</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="environmentvariable" id="environmentvariable">Ortam Değişkeni</a> <a name="env-variable" id="env-variable">(ortam-değişkeni)</a></dt> + <dd>İşletim sistemi kabuğu tarafından yönetilen ve programlar arasında + bilgi alışverişi amacıyla kullanılan isimli değişkenler. Ayrıca, + Apache de ortam değişkenleri olarak tanımlanabilecek dahili değişkenler + içerir fakat bunlar kabuk ortamında değil dahili Apache yapıları içinde + saklanır.<br /> + Bakınız: <a href="env.html">Apache Ortam Değişkenleri</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="session" id="session">Oturum</a></dt> + <dd>Bir iletişimin bağlamsal bilgileri.</dd> + + <dt><a name="hash" id="hash">Özet</a></dt> + <dd>Uzunluğu değişebilen bir dizgenin belli bir durumuna ilişkin sabit + uzunlukta bir dizge üretmek için kullanılan geri dönüşümsüz bir + algoritma. Algoritmaya girdi olan farklı uzunluktaki dizgeler (özet + işlevine bağlı olarak) aynı uzunlukta farklı özetler üretir. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="virtualhosting" id="virtualhosting">Sanal Konaklık</a></dt> + <dd>Tek bir Apache sunucusundan çok sayıda site sunulması. <em>IP tabanlı + sanal konaklık</em>ta siteler birbirlerinden IP adreslerine göre + ayrılırken, <em>isim tabanlı sanal konaklık</em>ta siteler aynı IP + adresinden kendi isimleriyle sunulabilirler.<br /> + Bakınız: <a href="vhosts/">Apache Sanal Konak Belgeleri</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="digitalsignature" id="digitalsignature">Sayısal İmza</a></dt> + <dd>Bir sertifikayı veya bir dosyayı doğrulamakta kullanılan şifreli bir + metin. Bir imza <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificationauthority" title="sözlüğe bakınız">Sertifika + Makamı</a> tarafından bir <em>sertifikaya</em> gömülü olan + <em>genel anahtardan</em> bir özet üretilerek oluşturulur. İmza şifresi + sadece <em>sertifika</em> sahibi ağ öğesinin kimliğini doğrulayacak + SM’nin genel anahtarı kullanılarak çözülebilir.<br /> + Bakınız: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Şifrelemesi</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="certificate" id="certificate">Sertifika</a></dt> + <dd>Sunucu, istemci gibi ağ öğelerinin kimliğini kanıtlamakta kullanılan + bir veri kaydı. Bir sertifika, sertifika sahibi (buna sertifikanın + konusu da denir), sertifikayı imzalayan <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificationauthority" title="sözlüğe bakınız">Sertifika Makamı</a> (SM) (buna + sertifika yayıncısı da denir), sertifika sahibinin <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#publickey" title="sözlüğe bakınız">genel anahtarı</a> ve SM tarafından üretilen imza + gibi parçalardan oluşan X.509 bilgisi içerir. Ağ öğeleri bu imzaları SM + sertifikalarını kullanarak doğrular.<br /> + Bakınız: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Şifrelemesi</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="certificatsigningrequest" id="certificatsigningrequest">Sertifika İmzalama İsteği</a> <a name="csr" id="csr">(Sİİ)</a></dt> + <dd>İngilizcesi: Certificate Signing Request (CSR)</dd> + <dd>İmzasız bir sertifikayı <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificationauthority" title="sözlüğe bakınız">Sertifika Makamı</a>na kendi SM <em>Sertifika</em>sının + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#privatekey" title="sözlüğe bakınız">özel anahtar</a>ı ile imzalaması + için yapılan istek. Sİİ imzalanınca bir gerçek sertifika haline + gelir.<br />Bakınız: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Şifrelemesi</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="certificationauthority" id="certificationauthority">Sertifika Makamı</a> <a name="ca" id="ca">(SM)</a></dt> + <dd>İngilizcesi: Certification Authority (CA)</dd> + <dd>Ağ öğelerinin güvenilir olarak kimliklerinin doğrulanması için + sertifikaları imzalayan güvenilir üçüncü şahıs. Diğer ağ öğeleri, + sertifikalı bir öğenin kimliğini kanıtlayan bir SM’yi doğrulamak + için imzayı sınayabilir.<br /> + Bakınız: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Şifrelemesi</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="modulemagicnumber" id="modulemagicnumber">Sihirli Modül + Numarası</a> (<a name="mmn" id="mmn">SMN</a>)</dt> + <dd>Sihirli Modül Numarası, modüllerin ikil uyumluluğu ile ilgili olarak + Apache kaynak kodunda tanımlanmış bir sabittir. Apache dahili yapıları, + uygulama programlama arayüzünün önemli parçaları ve işlev çağrıları artık + ikil uyumluluğun garanti edilemeyeceği kadar değiştiği zaman SMN + değiştirilir. Bir SMN değişikliğinde ve bazen de sırf yeni bir Apache + sürümü ile çalışmak icabettiğinde tüm üçüncü parti modüllerin en azından + yeniden derlenmesi gerekir. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="ssleay" id="ssleay">SSLeay</a></dt> + <dd>Eric A. Young tarafından geliştirilmiş özgün SSL/TLS + gerçeklenim kütüphanesi. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="servernameindication" id="servernameindication">Sunucu Adı + Belirtimi</a></dt> + <dd>İngilizcesi: Server Name Indication <a name="sni" id="sni">(SNI)</a></dd> + <dd>İlk SSL uzlaşımı sırasında istenen sunucu isminin aktarılmasını + mümkün kılan bir SSL işlevidir. Böylece sunucunun, SSL uzlaşım + işlemlerlerinde kullanılacak sanal konak yapılandırmasını doğru + bir şekilde seçebilmesi sağlanmıştır. Bu özellik RFC 3546'da TLS + eklentili SSL başlatma bölümüne eklenmiştir.<br /> + Bakınız: <a href="ssl/ssl_faq.html">SSL SSS</a> + ve <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3546.txt">RFC 3546</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="serversideincludes" id="serversideincludes">Sunucu Taraflı İçerik Yerleştirme</a></dt> + <dd>İngilizcesi: Server Side Includes <a name="ssi" id="ssi">(SSI)</a></dd> + <dd>İşlem yönergelerini HTML dosyalara gömme tekniği.<br /> + Bakınız: <a href="howto/ssi.html">Sunucu Taraflı İçerik Yerleştirmeye + Giriş</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="filter" id="filter">Süzgeç</a></dt> + <dd>Sunucu tarafından alınan ve gönderilen veriye uygulanan bir işlem. + Giriş süzgeçleri sunucuya istemci tarafından gönderilen veriyi işlerken + çıkış süzgeçleri sunucu tarafından istemciye gönderilen belgeleri işler. + Örneğin, <code>INCLUDES</code> çıkış süzgeci, belgeleri <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#ssi" title="sözlüğe bakınız">sunucu taraflı içerik</a> için işleme sokar.<br /> + Bakınız: <a href="filter.html">Süzgeçler</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="cipher" id="cipher">Şifre</a></dt> + <dd>Veri şifrelemek için kullanılan bir algoritma veya sistem. DES, IDEA + veya RC4 örnek verilebilir.<br /> + Bakınız: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Şifrelemesi</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="ciphertext" id="ciphertext">Şifreli Metin</a></dt> + <dd>Bir <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#plaintext" title="sözlüğe bakınız">Düz Metin</a> bir + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#cipher" title="sözlüğe bakınız">Şifre</a>den geçirilince elde edilen + sonuç.<br />Bakınız: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Şifrelemesi</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="fully-qualifieddomain-name" id="fully-qualifieddomain-name">Tam Alan Adı</a> + <a name="fqdn" id="fqdn">(TAA)</a></dt> + <dd>İngilizcesi: Fully-Qualified Domain-Name (FQDN)</dd> + <dd>Bir IP adresiyle eşleşebilen, bir konak adıyla bir alan adının + birleşiminden oluşan eşsiz bir ağ öğesi ismi. Örneğin, + <code>httpd.apache.org</code> tam alan adında <code>httpd</code> bir konak + adıyken <code>apache.org</code> bir alan adıdır. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="tarball" id="tarball">Tar Paketi</a></dt> + <dd><code>tar</code> uygulaması kullanılarak bir araya getirilmiş + dosyalardan oluşan bir paket. Apache dağıtımları sıkıştırılmış tar + arşivleri içinde veya pkzip kullanılarak saklanır. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="uniformresourceidentifier" id="uniformresourceidentifier">Tektip Özkaynak Betimleyici</a></dt> + <dd>İngilizcesi: Uniform Resource Identifier + <a name="URI" id="URI">(URI)</a></dd> + <dd>Soyut veya somut bir özkaynağı betimlemek için kullanılan bütünleşik + bir karakter dizisi. Aslen <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC 2396</a> tarafından tanımlanmıştır. Genel Ağ’da kullanılan URI’lerden + genellikle <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#url" title="sözlüğe bakınız">URL</a>’ler olarak bahsedilir. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="uniformresourcelocator" id="uniformresourcelocator">Tektip Özkaynak Konumlayıcı</a></dt> + <dd>İngilizcesi: Uniform Resource Locator <a name="url" id="url">(URL)</a></dd> + <dd>Genel Ağ üzerindeki bir özkaynağın ismi veya adresi. Aslen <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#uniformresourceidentifier" title="sözlüğe bakınız">Tektip Özkaynak Betimleyici</a> + denilen terimin gayrı resmi karşılığıdır. URL’ler <code>http</code> veya + <code>https</code> gibi bir şemayı takip eden bir konak adı ve bir dosya + yolundan oluşurlar. Örneğin, bu sayfanın URL’si + <code>http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/glossary.html</code> olurdu. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="proxy" id="proxy">Vekil</a></dt> + <dd><em>Asıl sunucu</em> ile istemci arasında aracılık yapan sunucu. + İstemciden aldığı istekleri asıl sunucuya gönderip, ondan aldığı + yanıtları istemciye gönderir. Aynı içeriğe birden fazla istemci talip + olursa vekil sunucu bu istekleri her seferinde asıl sunucudan istemek + yerine kendi deposundan karşılar, böylece yanıt zamanı kısalır.<br /> + Bakınız: <a href="mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="configurationfile" id="configurationfile">Yapılandırma Dosyası</a></dt> + <dd>Apache yapılandırmasını denetim altına alan <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="sözlüğe bakınız">yönergeleri</a> içeren bir metin dosyası.<br /> + Bakınız: <a href="configuring.html">Yapılandırma Dosyaları</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="configurationdirective" id="configurationdirective">Yapılandırma Yönergesi</a></dt> + <dd>Bakınız: <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="sözlüğe bakınız">Yönerge</a></dd> + + <dt><a name="directive" id="directive">Yönerge</a></dt> + <dd>Belli Apache davranışlarından bir veya daha fazlasını denetim altına + alan bir yapılandırma komutu. Yönergeler <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="sözlüğe bakınız">yapılandırma dosyalarına</a> yerleştirilir.<br /> + Bakınız: <a href="mod/directives.html">Yönerge Dizini</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="method" id="method">Yöntem</a></dt> + <dd><a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#http" title="sözlüğe bakınız">HTTP</a> bağlamında, istemci tarafından + istek satırında belirtilen, bir özkaynağa uygulanacak bir eylem. HTTP + bağlamında belirtilebilecek yöntemlere örnek olarak <code>GET</code>, + <code>POST</code> ve <code>PUT</code> verilebilir. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="x.509" id="x.509">X.509</a></dt> + <dd>SSL/TLS kimlik doğrulamasında kullanılmak üzere Uluslararası Telekom + Birliği (ITU-T) tarafından önerilmiş bir kimlik doğrulama sertitifası + şeması<br /> Bakınız: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Şifrelemesi</a> + </dd> +</dl> +</div></div> +<div class="bottomlang"> +<p><span>Mevcut Diller: </span><a href="./de/glossary.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> | +<a href="./en/glossary.html" hreflang="en" rel="alternate" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="./es/glossary.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> | +<a href="./fr/glossary.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> | +<a href="./ja/glossary.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | +<a href="./ko/glossary.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="./tr/glossary.html" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="./images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Yorumlar</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. 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