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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+<title>Overview of new features in Apache HTTP Server 2.2 - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</title>
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+<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header">
+<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
+<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</p>
+<img alt="" src="./images/feather.png" /></div>
+<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="&lt;-" alt="&lt;-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div>
+<div id="path">
+<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> &gt; <a href="./">Version 2.4</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Overview of new features in Apache HTTP Server 2.2</h1>
+<div class="toplang">
+<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./en/new_features_2_2.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="./fr/new_features_2_2.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français">&nbsp;fr&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="./ko/new_features_2_2.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean">&nbsp;ko&nbsp;</a> |
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+<a href="./tr/new_features_2_2.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe">&nbsp;tr&nbsp;</a></p>
+</div>
+
+ <p>This document describes some of the major changes between the
+ 2.0 and 2.2 versions of the Apache HTTP Server. For new features since
+ version 1.3, see the <a href="new_features_2_0.html">2.0 new features</a>
+ document.</p>
+</div>
+<div id="quickview"><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/contributing.html" class="badge"><img src="https://www.apache.org/images/SupportApache-small.png" alt="Support Apache!" /></a><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#core">Core Enhancements</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#module">Module Enhancements</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#programs">Program Enhancements</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#developer">Module Developer Changes</a></li>
+</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="core" id="core">Core Enhancements</a></h2>
+
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>Authn/Authz</dt>
+ <dd>The bundled authentication and authorization modules have
+ been refactored. The new mod_authn_alias(already removed from 2.3/2.4)
+ module can greatly simplify certain authentication configurations.
+ See <a href="#module">module name changes</a>, and
+ <a href="#developer">the developer changes</a> for more
+ information about how these changes affects users and module
+ writers.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Caching</dt>
+ <dd><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code>, <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cache_disk.html">mod_cache_disk</a></code>, and
+ mod_mem_cache(already removed from 2.3/2.4) have undergone a lot of changes, and
+ are now considered production-quality. <code class="program"><a href="./programs/htcacheclean.html">htcacheclean</a></code>
+ has been introduced to clean up <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cache_disk.html">mod_cache_disk</a></code>
+ setups.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Configuration</dt>
+ <dd>The default configuration layout has been simplified and
+ modularised. Configuration snippets which can be used to
+ enable commonly-used features are now bundled with Apache, and
+ can be easily added to the main server config.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Graceful stop</dt>
+ <dd>The <code class="module"><a href="./mod/prefork.html">prefork</a></code>, <code class="module"><a href="./mod/worker.html">worker</a></code> and
+ <code class="module"><a href="./mod/event.html">event</a></code> MPMs now allow <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>
+ to be shutdown gracefully via the
+ <a href="stopping.html#gracefulstop"><code>graceful-stop</code></a>
+ signal. The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#gracefulshutdowntimeout">GracefulShutdownTimeout</a></code> directive
+ has been added to specify an optional timeout, after which
+ <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> will terminate regardless of the status
+ of any requests being served.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Proxying</dt>
+ <dd>The new <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy_balancer.html">mod_proxy_balancer</a></code> module provides
+ load balancing services for <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code>.
+ The new <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy_ajp.html">mod_proxy_ajp</a></code> module adds support for the
+ <code>Apache JServ Protocol version 1.3</code> used by
+ <a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/">Apache Tomcat</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Regular Expression Library Updated</dt>
+ <dd>Version 5.0 of the
+ <a href="http://www.pcre.org/">Perl Compatible Regular Expression
+ Library</a> (PCRE) is now included. <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> can be
+ configured to use a system installation of PCRE by passing the
+ <code>--with-pcre</code> flag to configure.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Smart Filtering</dt>
+ <dd><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_filter.html">mod_filter</a></code> introduces dynamic configuration
+ to the output filter chain. It enables filters to be conditionally
+ inserted, based on any Request or Response header or environment
+ variable, and dispenses with the more problematic dependencies and
+ ordering problems in the 2.0 architecture.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Large File Support</dt>
+ <dd><code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> is now built with support for files larger
+ than 2GB on modern 32-bit Unix systems. Support for handling
+ &gt;2GB request bodies has also been added.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Event MPM</dt>
+ <dd>The <code class="module"><a href="./mod/event.html">event</a></code> MPM uses a separate thread to handle
+ Keep Alive requests and accepting connections. Keep Alive requests
+ have traditionally required httpd to dedicate a worker to handle it.
+ This dedicated worker could not be used again until the Keep Alive
+ timeout was reached.</dd>
+
+ <dt>SQL Database Support</dt>
+ <dd><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_dbd.html">mod_dbd</a></code>, together with the <code>apr_dbd</code>
+ framework, brings direct SQL support to modules that need it.
+ Supports connection pooling in threaded MPMs.</dd>
+
+ </dl>
+ </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="module" id="module">Module Enhancements</a></h2>
+
+ <dl>
+ <dt>Authn/Authz</dt>
+ <dd>Modules in the aaa directory have been renamed and offer
+ better support for digest authentication. For example,
+ <code>mod_auth</code> is now split into
+ <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_auth_basic.html">mod_auth_basic</a></code> and
+ <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authn_file.html">mod_authn_file</a></code>; <code>mod_auth_dbm</code> is now
+ called <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authn_dbm.html">mod_authn_dbm</a></code>; <code>mod_access</code> has
+ been renamed <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authz_host.html">mod_authz_host</a></code>. There is also a new
+ mod_authn_alias(already removed from 2.3/2.4) module for simplifying
+ certain authentication configurations.
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>This module is a port of the 2.0
+ <code>mod_auth_ldap</code> module to the 2.2 <code>Authn/Authz</code>
+ framework. New features include using LDAP attribute values and
+ complicated search filters in the
+ <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_authz_core.html#require">Require</a></code> directive.</dd>
+
+ <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authz_owner.html">mod_authz_owner</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>A new module that authorizes access to files based
+ on the owner of the file on the file system</dd>
+
+ <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_version.html">mod_version</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>A new module that allows configuration blocks to be enabled based on the
+ version number of the running server.</dd>
+
+ <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_info.html">mod_info</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>Added a new <code>?config</code> argument which will show
+ the configuration directives as parsed by Apache, including
+ their file name and line number. The module also
+ shows the order of all request hooks and additional
+ build information, similar to <code>httpd -V</code>.</dd>
+
+ <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>Added a support for
+ <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2817.txt">RFC 2817</a>, which
+ allows connections to upgrade from clear text to TLS encryption.</dd>
+
+ <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_imagemap.html">mod_imagemap</a></code></dt>
+ <dd><code>mod_imap</code> has been renamed to
+ <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_imagemap.html">mod_imagemap</a></code> to avoid user confusion.</dd>
+ </dl>
+
+ </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="programs" id="programs">Program Enhancements</a></h2>
+
+ <dl>
+ <dt><code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>A new command line option <code>-M</code> has been added that
+ lists all modules that are loaded based on the current
+ configuration. Unlike the <code>-l</code> option, this list
+ includes DSOs loaded via <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_so.html">mod_so</a></code>.</dd>
+
+ <dt><code class="program"><a href="./programs/httxt2dbm.html">httxt2dbm</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>A new program used to generate dbm files from text input,
+ for use in <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritemap">RewriteMap</a></code>
+ with the <code>dbm</code> map type.</dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="developer" id="developer">Module Developer Changes</a></h2>
+
+ <dl>
+ <dt><a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#apr" title="see glossary">APR</a> 1.0 API</dt>
+
+ <dd>Apache 2.2 uses the APR 1.0 API. All deprecated functions and
+ symbols have been removed from <code>APR</code> and
+ <code>APR-Util</code>. For details, see the
+ <a href="http://apr.apache.org/">APR Website</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Authn/Authz</dt>
+ <dd>The bundled authentication and authorization modules have
+ been renamed along the following lines:
+ <ul>
+ <li><code>mod_auth_*</code> -&gt; Modules that implement an HTTP
+ authentication mechanism</li>
+ <li><code>mod_authn_*</code> -&gt; Modules that provide a backend
+ authentication provider</li>
+ <li><code>mod_authz_*</code> -&gt; Modules that implement
+ authorization (or access)</li>
+ <li><code>mod_authnz_*</code> -&gt; Module that implements both
+ authentication &amp; authorization</li>
+ </ul>
+ There is a new authentication backend provider
+ scheme which greatly eases the construction of new authentication
+ backends.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Connection Error Logging</dt>
+
+ <dd>A new function, <code>ap_log_cerror</code> has been added to log
+ errors that occur with the client's connection. When logged,
+ the message includes the client IP address.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Test Configuration Hook Added</dt>
+
+ <dd>A new hook, <code>test_config</code> has been added to aid
+ modules that want to execute special code only when the user passes
+ <code>-t</code> to <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Set Threaded MPM's Stacksize</dt>
+
+ <dd>A new directive, <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#threadstacksize">ThreadStackSize</a></code> has been added to
+ set the stack size on all threaded MPMs. This is required
+ for some third-party modules on platforms with small default
+ thread stack size.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Protocol handling for output filters</dt>
+
+ <dd>In the past, every filter has been responsible for ensuring
+ that it generates the correct response headers where it affects
+ them. Filters can now delegate common protocol management to
+ <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_filter.html">mod_filter</a></code>, using the
+ <code>ap_register_output_filter_protocol</code> or
+ <code>ap_filter_protocol</code> calls.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Monitor hook added</dt>
+ <dd>Monitor hook enables modules to run regular/scheduled jobs
+ in the parent (root) process.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Regular expression API changes</dt>
+
+ <dd>The <code>pcreposix.h</code> header is no longer available;
+ it is replaced by the new <code>ap_regex.h</code> header. The
+ POSIX.2 <code>regex.h</code> implementation exposed by the old
+ header is now available under the <code>ap_</code> namespace
+ from <code>ap_regex.h</code>. Calls to <code>regcomp</code>,
+ <code>regexec</code> and so on can be replaced by calls to
+ <code>ap_regcomp</code>, <code>ap_regexec</code>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>DBD Framework (SQL Database API)</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>With Apache 1.x and 2.0, modules requiring an SQL backend
+ had to take responsibility for managing it themselves. Apart
+ from reinventing the wheel, this can be very inefficient, for
+ example when several modules each maintain their own connections.</p>
+
+ <p>Apache 2.1 and later provides the <code>ap_dbd</code> API for
+ managing database connections (including optimised strategies
+ for threaded and unthreaded MPMs), while APR 1.2 and later provides
+ the <code>apr_dbd</code> API for interacting with the database.</p>
+
+ <p>New modules SHOULD now use these APIs for all SQL database
+ operations. Existing applications SHOULD be upgraded to use it
+ where feasible, either transparently or as a recommended option
+ to their users.</p></dd>
+ </dl>
+ </div></div>
+<div class="bottomlang">
+<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./en/new_features_2_2.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="./fr/new_features_2_2.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français">&nbsp;fr&nbsp;</a> |
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+<a href="./pt-br/new_features_2_2.html" hreflang="pt-br" rel="alternate" title="Português (Brasil)">&nbsp;pt-br&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="./tr/new_features_2_2.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe">&nbsp;tr&nbsp;</a></p>
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="./images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&amp;A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Libera.chat, or sent to our <a href="https://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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