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diff --git a/docs/manual/platform/ebcdic.html b/docs/manual/platform/ebcdic.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e5ae518 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/platform/ebcdic.html @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# GENERATED FROM XML -- DO NOT EDIT + +URI: ebcdic.html.en +Content-Language: en +Content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 + +URI: ebcdic.html.ko.euc-kr +Content-Language: ko +Content-type: text/html; charset=EUC-KR diff --git a/docs/manual/platform/ebcdic.html.en b/docs/manual/platform/ebcdic.html.en new file mode 100644 index 0000000..01b95c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/platform/ebcdic.html.en @@ -0,0 +1,616 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head> +<meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type" /> +<!-- + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + --> +<title>The Apache EBCDIC Port - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</title> +<link href="../style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> +<link href="../style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> +<link href="../style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../style/css/prettify.css" /> +<script src="../style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript"> +</script> + +<link href="../images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head> +<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header"> +<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p> +<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</p> +<img alt="" src="../images/feather.png" /></div> +<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div> +<div id="path"> +<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.4</a> > <a href="./">Platform Specific Notes</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>The Apache EBCDIC Port</h1> +<div class="toplang"> +<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/platform/ebcdic.html" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="../ko/platform/ebcdic.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a></p> +</div> + + + <div class="warning"><strong>Warning:</strong> This document + has not been updated to take into account changes made in + the 2.0 version of the Apache HTTP Server. Some of the + information may still be relevant, but please use it with care. + </div> + + </div> +<div id="quickview"><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/contributing.html" class="badge"><img src="https://www.apache.org/images/SupportApache-small.png" alt="Support Apache!" /></a><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#overview">Overview of the Apache EBCDIC Port</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#design">Design Goals</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#technical">Technical Solution</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#porting">Porting Notes</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#document">Document Storage Notes</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#modules">Apache Modules' Status</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#third-party">Third Party Modules' Status</a></li> +</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div> +<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="overview" id="overview">Overview of the Apache EBCDIC Port</a></h2> + + + + <p>Version 1.3 of the Apache HTTP Server was the first version + which included a port to a (non-ASCII) mainframe machine which + uses the EBCDIC character set as its native codeset.</p> + + <p>(It is the SIEMENS family of mainframes running the <a href="http://www.siemens.de/servers/bs2osd/osdbc_us.htm">BS2000/OSD + operating system</a>. This mainframe OS nowadays features a + SVR4-derived POSIX subsystem).</p> + + <p>The port was started initially to</p> + + <ul> + <li>prove the feasibility of porting <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">the Apache HTTP server</a> to + this platform</li> + + <li>find a "worthy and capable" successor for the venerable + <a href="http://www.w3.org/Daemon/">CERN-3.0</a> daemon + (which was ported a couple of years ago), and to</li> + + <li>prove that Apache's preforking process model can on this + platform easily outperform the accept-fork-serve model used + by CERN by a factor of 5 or more.</li> + </ul> + + <p>This document serves as a rationale to describe some of the + design decisions of the port to this machine.</p> + + </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="design" id="design">Design Goals</a></h2> + + + + <p>One objective of the EBCDIC port was to maintain enough + backwards compatibility with the (EBCDIC) CERN server to make + the transition to the new server attractive and easy. This + required the addition of a configurable method to define + whether a HTML document was stored in ASCII (the only format + accepted by the old server) or in EBCDIC (the native document + format in the POSIX subsystem, and therefore the only realistic + format in which the other POSIX tools like <code>grep</code> or + <code>sed</code> could operate on the documents). The current + solution to this is a "pseudo-MIME-format" which is intercepted + and interpreted by the Apache server (see below). Future versions + might solve the problem by defining an "ebcdic-handler" for all + documents which must be converted.</p> + + </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="technical" id="technical">Technical Solution</a></h2> + + + + <p>Since all Apache input and output is based upon the BUFF + data type and its methods, the easiest solution was to add the + conversion to the BUFF handling routines. The conversion must + be settable at any time, so a BUFF flag was added which defines + whether a BUFF object has currently enabled conversion or not. + This flag is modified at several points in the HTTP + protocol:</p> + + <ul> + <li><strong>set</strong> before a request is received + (because the request and the request header lines are always + in ASCII format)</li> + + <li><strong>set/unset</strong> when the request body is + received - depending on the content type of the request body + (because the request body may contain ASCII text or a binary + file)</li> + + <li><strong>set</strong> before a reply header is sent + (because the response header lines are always in ASCII + format)</li> + + <li><strong>set/unset</strong> when the response body is sent + - depending on the content type of the response body (because + the response body may contain text or a binary file)</li> + </ul> + + </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="porting" id="porting">Porting Notes</a></h2> + + + + <ol> + <li> + <p>The relevant changes in the source are <code>#ifdef</code>'ed + into two categories:</p> + + <dl> + <dt><code><strong>#ifdef + CHARSET_EBCDIC</strong></code></dt> + + <dd> + <p>Code which is needed for any EBCDIC based machine. + This includes character translations, differences in + contiguity of the two character sets, flags which + indicate which part of the HTTP protocol has to be + converted and which part doesn't <em>etc.</em></p> + </dd> + + <dt><code><strong>#ifdef _OSD_POSIX</strong></code></dt> + + <dd> + <p>Code which is needed for the SIEMENS BS2000/OSD + mainframe platform only. This deals with include file + differences and socket implementation topics which are + only required on the BS2000/OSD platform.</p> + </dd> + </dl> + </li> + + <li> + <p>The possibility to translate between ASCII and EBCDIC at + the socket level (on BS2000 POSIX, there is a socket option + which supports this) was intentionally <em>not</em> chosen, + because the byte stream at the HTTP protocol level consists + of a mixture of protocol related strings and non-protocol + related raw file data. HTTP protocol strings are always + encoded in ASCII (the <code>GET</code> request, any Header: lines, + the chunking information <em>etc.</em>) whereas the file transfer + parts (<em>i.e.</em>, GIF images, CGI output <em>etc.</em>) + should usually be just "passed through" by the server. This + separation between "protocol string" and "raw data" is + reflected in the server code by functions like <code>bgets()</code> + or <code>rvputs()</code> for strings, and functions like + <code>bwrite()</code> for binary data. A global translation + of everything would therefore be inadequate.</p> + + <p>(In the case of text files of course, provisions must be + made so that EBCDIC documents are always served in + ASCII)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>This port therefore features a built-in protocol level + conversion for the server-internal strings (which the + compiler translated to EBCDIC strings) and thus for all + server-generated documents. The hard coded ASCII escapes + <code>\012</code> and <code>\015</code> which are ubiquitous + in the server code are an exception: they are already the binary + encoding of the ASCII <code>\n</code> and <code>\r</code> and + must not be converted to ASCII a second time. + This exception is only relevant for server-generated strings; + and <em>external</em> EBCDIC documents are not expected to + contain ASCII newline characters.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>By examining the call hierarchy for the BUFF management + routines, I added an "ebcdic/ascii conversion layer" which + would be crossed on every puts/write/get/gets, and a + conversion flag which allowed enabling/disabling the + conversions on-the-fly. Usually, a document crosses this + layer twice from its origin source (a file or CGI output) to + its destination (the requesting client): <code>file -> + Apache</code>, and <code>Apache -> client</code>.</p> + + <p>The server can now read the header lines of a CGI-script + output in EBCDIC format, and then find out that the remainder + of the script's output is in ASCII (like in the case of the + output of a WWW Counter program: the document body contains a + GIF image). All header processing is done in the native + EBCDIC format; the server then determines, based on the type + of document being served, whether the document body (except + for the chunking information, of course) is in ASCII already + or must be converted from EBCDIC.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>For Text documents (MIME types text/plain, text/html + <em>etc.</em>), an implicit translation to ASCII can be + used, or (if the users prefer to store some documents in + raw ASCII form for faster serving, or because the files + reside on a NFS-mounted directory tree) can be served + without conversion.</p> + + <p><strong>Example:</strong></p> + + <p>to serve files with the suffix <code>.ahtml</code> as a + raw ASCII <code>text/html</code> document without implicit + conversion (and suffix <code>.ascii</code> as ASCII + <code>text/plain</code>), use the directives:</p> + + <div class="example"><p><code> + AddType text/x-ascii-html .ahtml <br /> + AddType text/x-ascii-plain .ascii + </code></p></div> + + <p>Similarly, any <code>text/foo</code> MIME type can be + served as "raw ASCII" by configuring a MIME type + "<code>text/x-ascii-foo</code>" for it using + <code>AddType</code>.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Non-text documents are always served "binary" without + conversion. This seems to be the most sensible choice for, + .<em>e.g.</em>, GIF/ZIP/AU file types. This of course + requires the user to copy them to the mainframe host using + the "<code>rcp -b</code>" binary switch.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Server parsed files are always assumed to be in native + (<em>i.e.</em>, EBCDIC) format as used on the machine, and + are converted after processing.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>For CGI output, the CGI script determines whether a + conversion is needed or not: by setting the appropriate + Content-Type, text files can be converted, or GIF output can + be passed through unmodified. An example for the latter case + is the wwwcount program which we ported as well.</p> + </li> + + </ol> + + </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="document" id="document">Document Storage Notes</a></h2> + + + + <h3><a name="binary" id="binary">Binary Files</a></h3> + + + + <p>All files with a <code>Content-Type:</code> which does not + start with <code>text/</code> are regarded as <em>binary + files</em> by the server and are not subject to any conversion. + Examples for binary files are GIF images, gzip-compressed files + and the like.</p> + + <p>When exchanging binary files between the mainframe host and + a Unix machine or Windows PC, be sure to use the ftp "binary" + (<code>TYPE I</code>) command, or use the + <code>rcp -b</code> command from the mainframe host (the + <code>-b</code> switch is not supported in unix + <code>rcp</code>'s).</p> + + + + <h3><a name="text" id="text">Text Documents</a></h3> + + + + <p>The default assumption of the server is that Text Files + (<em>i.e.</em>, all files whose <code>Content-Type:</code> + starts with <code>text/</code>) are stored in the native + character set of the host, EBCDIC.</p> + + + + <h3><a name="ssi" id="ssi">Server Side Included Documents</a></h3> + + + + <p>SSI documents must currently be stored in EBCDIC only. + No provision is made to convert it from ASCII before + processing.</p> + + + + </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="modules" id="modules">Apache Modules' Status</a></h2> + + + + <table class="bordered"> + <tr> + <th>Module</th> + <th>Status</th> + <th>Notes</th> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/core.html">core</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module">mod_access</code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_actions.html">mod_actions</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_alias.html">mod_alias</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_asis.html">mod_asis</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module">mod_auth</code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authn_anon.html">mod_authn_anon</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authn_dbm.html">mod_authn_dbm</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">?</td> + <td>with own <code>libdb.a</code></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_dbm.html">mod_authz_dbm</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">?</td> + <td>with own <code>libdb.a</code></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_autoindex.html">mod_autoindex</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_cern_meta.html">mod_cern_meta</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">?</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_cgi.html">mod_cgi</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code>mod_digest</code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_dir.html">mod_dir</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_so.html">mod_so</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">-</td> + <td>no shared libs</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_env.html">mod_env</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_example.html">mod_example</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">-</td> + <td>(test bed only)</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_expires.html">mod_expires</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_headers.html">mod_headers</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_imagemap.html">mod_imagemap</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_include.html">mod_include</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_info.html">mod_info</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code>mod_log_agent</code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code>mod_log_config</code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module">mod_log_referer</code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_mime_magic.html">mod_mime_magic</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">?</td> + <td>not ported yet</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td>untested</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_setenvif.html">mod_setenvif</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_speling.html">mod_speling</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_status.html">mod_status</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_unique_id.html">mod_unique_id</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_userdir.html">mod_userdir</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_usertrack.html">mod_usertrack</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">?</td> + <td>untested</td> + </tr> + </table> + + </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="third-party" id="third-party">Third Party Modules' Status</a></h2> + + + + <table class="bordered"> + <tr> + <th>Module</th> + <th>Status</th> + <th>Notes</th> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc-archive/jk2/">JK</a> (Formerly mod_jserv) + </code></td> + <td class="centered">-</td> + <td>JAVA still being ported.</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code><a href="http://www.php.net/">mod_php3</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td><code>mod_php3</code> runs fine, with LDAP and GD + and FreeType libraries.</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code><a href="http://hpwww.ec-lyon.fr/~vincent/apache/mod_put.html">mod_put</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">?</td> + <td>untested</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code><a href="ftp://hachiman.vidya.com/pub/apache/">mod_session</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">-</td> + <td>untested</td> + </tr> + </table> + + </div></div> +<div class="bottomlang"> +<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/platform/ebcdic.html" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="../ko/platform/ebcdic.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a></p> +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="../images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. 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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/manual/platform/ebcdic.html.ko.euc-kr b/docs/manual/platform/ebcdic.html.ko.euc-kr new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6e45a37 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/platform/ebcdic.html.ko.euc-kr @@ -0,0 +1,585 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="EUC-KR"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="ko" xml:lang="ko"><head> +<meta content="text/html; charset=EUC-KR" http-equiv="Content-Type" /> +<!-- + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + --> +<title>아파치 EBCDIC 포팅 - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</title> +<link href="../style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> +<link href="../style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate 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href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.4</a> > <a href="./">Platform Specific Notes</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>아파치 EBCDIC 포팅</h1> +<div class="toplang"> +<p><span>가능한 언어: </span><a href="../en/platform/ebcdic.html" hreflang="en" rel="alternate" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="../ko/platform/ebcdic.html" title="Korean"> ko </a></p> +</div> +<div class="outofdate">이 문서는 최신판 번역이 아닙니다. + 최근에 변경된 내용은 영어 문서를 참고하세요.</div> + + + <div class="warning">이 문서는 아파치 웹서버 2.0 버전에서 + 변경된 내용을 담고있지 않다. 아직도 유효한 정보가 있지만, + 주의해서 사용하길 바란다. + </div> + + </div> +<div id="quickview"><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/contributing.html" class="badge"><img src="https://www.apache.org/images/SupportApache-small.png" alt="Support Apache!" /></a><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#overview">아파치 EBCDIC 포팅 개요</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#design">설계 목표</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#technical">기술적 해결책</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#porting">포팅에 대해서</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#document">문서 저장에 대해서</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#modules">아파치 모듈의 상태</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#third-party">제삼자가 만든 모듈의 상태</a></li> +</ul><h3>참고</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div> +<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="overview" id="overview">아파치 EBCDIC 포팅 개요</a></h2> + + + + <p>아파치 웹서버는 1.3 버전때 처음으로 EBCDIC 문자집합을 + 기본 문자집합으로 사용하는 (비-ASCII) 메인플레임 컴퓨터로 + 포팅되었다.</p> + + <p>(<a href="http://www.siemens.de/servers/bs2osd/osdbc_us.htm">BS2000/OSD + 운영체제</a>를 사용하는 SIEMENS 계열 메인플레임을 말한다. + 이 메인플레임 운영체제에는 현재 SVR4계열의 POSIX 하위시스템이 + 있다).</p> + + <p>포팅은 처음에 다음과 같은 목적에서 시작되었다</p> + + <ul> + <li>이 플레폼으로도 <a href="http://dev.apache.org/">아파치 + 웹서버</a>를 포팅할 수 있다는 가능성을 보이기위해서</li> + + <li>(몇년 전에 포팅된) 오래된 <a href="http://www.w3.org/Daemon/">CERN-3.0</a> 서버를 대체할 + "쓸만하고 유능한" 후계자를 찾기위해</li> + + <li>이 플레폼에서 아파치의 prefork 프로세스 방식이 CERN의 + accept-fork-serve 방식 보다 5배 이상 성능이 좋음을 + 보이기위해서.</li> + </ul> + + <p>이 문서는 포팅시 여러 설계상 결정의 이유를 설명한다.</p> + + </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="design" id="design">설계 목표</a></h2> + + + + <p>EBCDIC 포팅의 목적중 하나는 새로운 서버로 전환을 유도하고 + 쉽게 전환할 수 있도록 가능한 (EBCDIC) CERN 서버와 호환성을 + 유지하는 것이다. 그래서 HTML 문서가 (이전 CERN 서버가 인식하는 + 유일한 형식인) ASCII와 (POSIX 하위시스템의 기본 문서 형식. + 그러므로 <code>grep</code>이나 <code>sed</code> 같은 POSIX + 도구를 사용할 수 있는 현실적인 형식인) EBCDIC 중 어느 형식인지 + 설정할 수 있어야 한다. 현재 해결책은 아파치 서버가 중간에서 + 문서를 가로채서 문서의 형식을 파악하는 "가상 MIME 형식"이다 + (아래 참고). 다음 버전에서는 변환해야할 모든 문서에 + "ebcdic-handler"를 정의하는 방법으로 문제를 해결할 것이다.</p> + + </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="technical" id="technical">기술적 해결책</a></h2> + + + + <p>아파치가 BUFF 자료형과 메써드를 사용하여 모든 입출력을 + 하므로 가장 쉬운 방법은 BUFF 처리 함수에 변환기능을 추가하는 + 것이다. 언제든지 변환할 수 있어야 하기때문에 BUFF 객체를 + 변환해야 하는지 알려주는 BUFF 표시를 추가했다. 이 표시는 + HTTP 프로토콜의 여러 단계에서 변경될 수 있다:</p> + + <ul> + <li>요청을 받기 전에 <strong>변환</strong> (요청과 요청헤더가 + 항상 ASCII 형식이기 때문에)</li> + + <li>요청 내용을 받았을때 content type에 따라 + <strong>변환/변환안함</strong> (요청 내용이 ASCII 문자나 + 바이너리 파일인 경우 변환해야 하기때문에)</li> + + <li>응답헤더를 보내기 전에 <strong>변환</strong> (응답헤더는 + 항상 ASCII 형식이기때문에)</li> + + <li>응답 내용을 보낼때 content type에 따라 + <strong>변환/변환안함</strong> (응답 내용이 문자 파일이거나 + 바이너리 파일이기때문에)</li> + </ul> + + </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="porting" id="porting">포팅에 대해서</a></h2> + + + + <ol> + <li> + <p>소스의 변화는 두가지 <code>#ifdef</code>로 구분할 + 수 있다:</p> + + <dl> + <dt><code><strong>#ifdef + CHARSET_EBCDIC</strong></code></dt> + + <dd> + <p>모든 EBCDIC기반 컴퓨터에 필요한 코드. 문자변환, + 두 문자집합간의 연속된 문자값 차이, 어떤 HTTP 프로토콜 + 부분이 변환되야 하는지를 알려주는 표시 <em>등.</em></p> + </dd> + + <dt><code><strong>#ifdef _OSD_POSIX</strong></code></dt> + + <dd> + <p>SIEMENS BS2000/OSD 메인플레임 플레폼에만 필요한 + 코드. BS2000/OSD 플레폼에만 필요한 헤더파일 차이와 + 소켓 구현 문제를 다룬다.</p> + </dd> + </dl> + </li> + + <li> + <p>소켓 수준에서 ASCII와 EBCDIC간 변화는 (BS2000 POSIX에는 + 이 기능을 지원하는 소켓 옵션이 있다) HTTP 프로토콜 수준에서 + 전송되는 자료에 프로토콜관련 문자열과 프로토콜과 무관한 + 일반파일이 섞여있기때문에 의도적으로 사용하지 + <em>않았다</em>. HTTP 프로토콜 문자열은 (<code>GET</code> + 요청, Header: 줄, 기타 정보 <em>등.</em>) 항상 ASCII + 형식이고, 파일전송 부분은 (<em>즉</em>, GIF 그림, CGI + 출력 <em>등.</em>) 서버가 항상 "변환하지않고 그냥" 보내야 + 한다. 서버 코드는 "프로토콜 문자열"과 "일반 자료"를, + 문자열에는 <code>bgets()</code>나 <code>rvputs()</code>, + 바이너리 자료에는 <code>bgets()</code>나 + <code>rvputs()</code> 함수를 사용하여 구별한다. 그러므로 + 무조건 모든 것을 변환하는 것은 적절하지 않다.</p> + + <p>(물론 문자파일의 경우 EBCDIC 문서를 항상 ASCII로 + 서비스하도록 준비해야 한다)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>그래서 포팅에는 (컴파일러가 EBCDIC 문자열로 변환한) + 서버 내부 문자열과 서버가 생성한 문서를 기본 프로토콜 + 수준에서 변환하는 기능이 있다. 서버 코드에 산재된 ASCII + escape문자 <code>\012</code>와 <code>\015</code>는 예외다: + 이들이 이미 ASCII <code>\n</code>과 <code>\r</code>의 + 바이너리 값이기때문에 ASCII로 두번 변환하면 안된다. + 이 예외는 서버가 생성한 문자열에만 적용된다; <em>외부</em> + EBCDIC 문서는 ASCII 줄바꿈문자를 포함하면 안된다.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>BUFF 관리함수를 사용하는 방법을 살펴본 후 나는 모든 + puts/write/get/gets가 거치게되는 "ebcdic/ascii 변환 + 계층"을 추가하고, 동적으로 변환유무를 설정할 수 있는 + 변환 표시를 추가했다. 문서가 원본(파일이나 CGI 출력)에서 + 대상(요청한 클라이언트)으로 이동할때 항상 이 계층을 + 두번 지난다: <code>파일 -> 아파치</code>, <code>아파치 + -> 클라이언트</code>.</p> + + <p>서버는 이제 EBCDIC 형식으로 된 CGI 스크립트 출력의 + 헤더줄을 읽고, 나머지 스크립트 출력이 ASCII임을 알아낼 + 수 있다 (WWW 방문자수를 세는 프로그램과 같은 경우: 문서 + 내용은 GIF 그림이다). 기본 EBCDIC 형식으로 모든 헤더를 + 처리한다; 그런 다음 서비스할 문서의 type에 따라 서버는 + 문서 내용이 이미 ASCII인지 혹은 EBCDIC에서 변환을 해야 + 하는지 결정한다.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>(MIME type이 text/plain, text/html <em>등</em>) 내용이 + 일반 문자인 문서를 암묵적으로 ASCII로 변환하거나, (사용자에게 + 빠르게 서비스하기위해 미리 문서를 ASCII 형식으로 저장하였거나 + NFS로 마운트한 디렉토리에 파일이 있는 경우) 변환없이 + 서비스할 수 있다.</p> + + <p><strong>예:</strong></p> + + <p>이름이 <code>.ahtml</code>로 끝나는 파일을 암묵적인 + 변환없이 ASCII <code>text/html</code> 문서로 (그리고 + <code>.ascii</code> 확장자는 ASCII + <code>text/plain</code>으로) 서비스하려면 다음 지시어를 + 사용한다:</p> + + <div class="example"><p><code> + AddType text/x-ascii-html .ahtml <br /> + AddType text/x-ascii-plain .ascii + </code></p></div> + + <p>또, <code>text/foo</code> 식의 MIME type을 + <code>AddType</code> "<code>text/x-ascii-foo</code>" + 설정하여 "일반 ASCII"로 서비스할 수 있다.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>내용이 일반 문자가 아닌 문서는 변환없이 항상 "바이너리"로 + 서비스한다. <em>예를 들어</em>, GIF/ZIP/AU 파일형식에 + 가장 적합한 선택이다. 물론 사용자는 "<code>rcp -b</code>" + 바이너리 옵션을 사용하여 파일을 메인플레임 호스트로 + 복사했어야 한다.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>서버파싱 파일은 항상 컴퓨터가 사용하는 기본 형식으로 + (<em>즉</em>, EBCDIC) 저장되었다고 가정하고, 처리후에 + 변환한다.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>CGI 출력의 경우 CGI 스크립트가 변환이 필요한지 결정한다: + 적절한 Content-Type을 설정하여, 문자파일은 변환하고, + GIF 출력은 변환없이 보낼 수 있다. 우리가 포팅한 wwwcount + 프로그램이 후자의 경우다.</p> + </li> + + </ol> + + </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="document" id="document">문서 저장에 대해서</a></h2> + + + + <h3><a name="binary" id="binary">바이너리 파일</a></h3> + + + + <p>서버는 <code>Content-Type:</code>이 <code>text/</code>로 + 시작하는 않는 파일을 <em>바이너리 파일</em>로 간주하여 + 어떤 변환도 하지 않는다. 바이너리 파일에는 GIF 그림, gzip으로 + 압축한 파일 등이 있다.</p> + + <p>메인플레임 호스트와 유닉스 혹은 윈도우즈 PC간에 바이너리 + 파일을 전송할 때는 ftp "binary" (<code>TYPE I</code>) 명령어나 + 메인플레임 호스트에서 (유닉스 <code>rcp</code>는 + <code>-b</code> 옵션을 지원하지 않는다) <code>rcp -b</code> + 명령어를 반드시 사용하라.</p> + + + + <h3><a name="text" id="text">문자 문서</a></h3> + + + + <p>기본적으로 서버는 문자파일이 (<em>즉</em>, + <code>Content-Type:</code>이 <code>text/</code>로 시작하는 + 모든 파일) 호스트의 기본 문자집합인 EBCDIC으로 저장되었다고 + 가정한다.</p> + + + + <h3><a name="ssi" id="ssi">Server Side Include 문서</a></h3> + + + + <p>SSI 문서는 현재 EBCDIC 형식으로만 저장해야 한다. 처리하기 + 전에 ASCII를 변환하지 않는다.</p> + + + + </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="modules" id="modules">아파치 모듈의 상태</a></h2> + + + + <table class="bordered"> + <tr> + <th>모듈</th> + <th>상태</th> + <th>비고</th> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/core.html">core</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_access.html">mod_access</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_actions.html">mod_actions</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_alias.html">mod_alias</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_asis.html">mod_asis</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_auth.html">mod_auth</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_auth_anon.html">mod_auth_anon</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_auth_dbm.html">mod_auth_dbm</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">?</td> + <td>자체 <code>libdb.a</code>를 사용하여</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_autoindex.html">mod_autoindex</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_cern_meta.html">mod_cern_meta</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">?</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_cgi.html">mod_cgi</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code>mod_digest</code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_dir.html">mod_dir</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_so.html">mod_so</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">-</td> + <td>공유라이브러리가 없음</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_env.html">mod_env</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_example.html">mod_example</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">-</td> + <td>(시험 단계)</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_expires.html">mod_expires</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_headers.html">mod_headers</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_imagemap.html">mod_imagemap</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_include.html">mod_include</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_info.html">mod_info</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code>mod_log_agent</code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code>mod_log_config</code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_log_referer.html">mod_log_referer</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_mime_magic.html">mod_mime_magic</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">?</td> + <td>아직 포팅안됨</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td>테스트안됨</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_setenvif.html">mod_setenvif</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_speling.html">mod_speling</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_status.html">mod_status</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_unique_id.html">mod_unique_id</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_userdir.html">mod_userdir</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td /> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_usertrack.html">mod_usertrack</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">?</td> + <td>테스트안됨</td> + </tr> + </table> + + </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="third-party" id="third-party">제삼자가 만든 모듈의 상태</a></h2> + + + + <table class="bordered"> + <tr> + <th>모듈</th> + <th>상태</th> + <th>비고</th> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc-archive/jk2/">JK</a> (mod_jserv) + </code></td> + <td class="centered">-</td> + <td>JAVA는 포팅중이다.</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code><a href="http://www.php.net/">mod_php3</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">+</td> + <td><code>mod_php3</code>는 LDAP, GD, FreeType 라이브러리와 + 함께 잘 동작한다.</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code><a href="http://hpwww.ec-lyon.fr/~vincent/apache/mod_put.html">mod_put</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">?</td> + <td>테스트안됨</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code><a href="ftp://hachiman.vidya.com/pub/apache/">mod_session</a></code></td> + <td class="centered">-</td> + <td>테스트안됨</td> + </tr> + </table> + + </div></div> +<div class="bottomlang"> +<p><span>가능한 언어: </span><a href="../en/platform/ebcdic.html" hreflang="en" rel="alternate" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="../ko/platform/ebcdic.html" title="Korean"> ko </a></p> +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="../images/up.gif" 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