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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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+<title>Dynamic mass virtual hosts with mod_rewrite - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</title>
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+<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header">
+<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
+<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</p>
+<img alt="" src="../images/feather.png" /></div>
+<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="&lt;-" alt="&lt;-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div>
+<div id="path">
+<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> &gt; <a href="../">Version 2.4</a> &gt; <a href="./">Rewrite</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Dynamic mass virtual hosts with mod_rewrite</h1>
+<div class="toplang">
+<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/rewrite/vhosts.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="../fr/rewrite/vhosts.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français">&nbsp;fr&nbsp;</a></p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>This document supplements the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>
+<a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">reference documentation</a>. It describes
+how you can use <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> to create dynamically
+configured virtual hosts.</p>
+
+<div class="warning">mod_rewrite is not the best way to configure
+virtual hosts. You should first consider the <a href="../vhosts/mass.html">alternatives</a> before resorting to
+mod_rewrite. See also the "<a href="avoid.html#vhosts">how to avoid
+mod_rewrite</a> document.</div>
+
+</div>
+<div id="quickview"><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/contributing.html" class="badge"><img src="https://www.apache.org/images/SupportApache-small.png" alt="Support Apache!" /></a><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#per-hostname">Virtual Hosts For Arbitrary Hostnames</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#simple.rewrite">Dynamic
+ Virtual Hosts Using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#xtra-conf">Using a Separate Virtual Host Configuration File</a></li>
+</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">Module documentation</a></li><li><a href="intro.html">mod_rewrite introduction</a></li><li><a href="remapping.html">Redirection and remapping</a></li><li><a href="access.html">Controlling access</a></li><li><a href="proxy.html">Proxying</a></li><li><a href="rewritemap.html">RewriteMap</a></li><li><a href="advanced.html">Advanced techniques</a></li><li><a href="avoid.html">When not to use mod_rewrite</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="per-hostname" id="per-hostname">Virtual Hosts For Arbitrary Hostnames</a></h2>
+
+
+
+ <dl>
+ <dt>Description:</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+ <p>We want to automatically create a virtual host for every hostname
+ which resolves in our domain, without having to create
+ new VirtualHost sections.</p>
+
+ <p>In this recipe, we assume that we'll be using the hostname
+ <code>www.<strong>SITE</strong>.example.com</code> for each
+ user, and serve their content out of
+ <code>/home/<strong>SITE</strong>/www</code>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Solution:</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">RewriteEngine on
+
+RewriteMap lowercase int:tolower
+
+RewriteCond "${lowercase:%{<strong>HTTP_HOST</strong>}}" "^www\.<strong>([^.]+)</strong>\.example\.com$"
+RewriteRule "^(.*)" "/home/<strong>%1</strong>/www$1"</pre>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>Discussion</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <div class="warning">You will need to take care of the DNS
+ resolution - Apache does
+ not handle name resolution. You'll need either to create CNAME
+ records for each hostname, or a DNS wildcard record. Creating DNS
+ records is beyond the scope of this document.</div>
+
+<p>The internal <code>tolower</code> RewriteMap directive is used to
+ensure that the hostnames being used are all lowercase, so that there is
+no ambiguity in the directory structure which must be created.</p>
+
+<p>Parentheses used in a <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code> are captured into the
+backreferences <code>%1</code>, <code>%2</code>, etc, while parentheses
+used in <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code> are
+captured into the backreferences <code>$1</code>, <code>$2</code>,
+etc.</p>
+
+<p>
+As with many techniques discussed in this document, mod_rewrite really
+isn't the best way to accomplish this task. You should, instead,
+consider using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a></code> instead, as it will much
+more gracefully handle anything beyond serving static files, such as any
+dynamic content, and Alias resolution.
+</p>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="simple.rewrite" id="simple.rewrite">Dynamic
+ Virtual Hosts Using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></a></h2>
+
+ <p>This extract from <code>httpd.conf</code> does the same
+ thing as <a href="#per-hostname">the first example</a>. The first
+ half is very similar to the corresponding part above, except for
+ some changes, required for backward compatibility and to make the
+ <code>mod_rewrite</code> part work properly; the second half
+ configures <code>mod_rewrite</code> to do the actual work.</p>
+
+ <p>Because <code>mod_rewrite</code> runs before other URI translation
+ modules (e.g., <code>mod_alias</code>), <code>mod_rewrite</code> must
+ be told to explicitly ignore any URLs that would have been handled
+ by those modules. And, because these rules would otherwise bypass
+ any <code>ScriptAlias</code> directives, we must have
+ <code>mod_rewrite</code> explicitly enact those mappings.</p>
+
+<pre class="prettyprint lang-config"># get the server name from the Host: header
+UseCanonicalName Off
+
+# splittable logs
+LogFormat "%{Host}i %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b" vcommon
+CustomLog "logs/access_log" vcommon
+
+&lt;Directory "/www/hosts"&gt;
+ # ExecCGI is needed here because we can't force
+ # CGI execution in the way that ScriptAlias does
+ Options FollowSymLinks ExecCGI
+&lt;/Directory&gt;
+
+RewriteEngine On
+
+# a ServerName derived from a Host: header may be any case at all
+RewriteMap lowercase int:tolower
+
+## deal with normal documents first:
+# allow Alias "/icons/" to work - repeat for other aliases
+RewriteCond "%{REQUEST_URI}" "!^/icons/"
+# allow CGIs to work
+RewriteCond "%{REQUEST_URI}" "!^/cgi-bin/"
+# do the magic
+RewriteRule "^/(.*)$" "/www/hosts/${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}/docs/$1"
+
+## and now deal with CGIs - we have to force a handler
+RewriteCond "%{REQUEST_URI}" "^/cgi-bin/"
+RewriteRule "^/(.*)$" "/www/hosts/${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}/cgi-bin/$1" [H=cgi-script]</pre>
+
+
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="xtra-conf" id="xtra-conf">Using a Separate Virtual Host Configuration File</a></h2>
+
+ <p>This arrangement uses more advanced <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>
+ features to work out the translation from virtual host to document
+ root, from a separate configuration file. This provides more
+ flexibility, but requires more complicated configuration.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code>vhost.map</code> file should look something like
+ this:</p>
+
+<div class="example"><p><code>
+customer-1.example.com /www/customers/1<br />
+customer-2.example.com /www/customers/2<br />
+# ...<br />
+customer-N.example.com /www/customers/N<br />
+</code></p></div>
+
+ <p>The <code>httpd.conf</code> should contain the following:</p>
+
+<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">RewriteEngine on
+
+RewriteMap lowercase int:tolower
+
+# define the map file
+RewriteMap vhost "txt:/www/conf/vhost.map"
+
+# deal with aliases as above
+RewriteCond "%{REQUEST_URI}" "!^/icons/"
+RewriteCond "%{REQUEST_URI}" "!^/cgi-bin/"
+RewriteCond "${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}" "^(.+)$"
+# this does the file-based remap
+RewriteCond "${vhost:%1}" "^(/.*)$"
+RewriteRule "^/(.*)$" "%1/docs/$1"
+
+RewriteCond "%{REQUEST_URI}" "^/cgi-bin/"
+RewriteCond "${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}" "^(.+)$"
+RewriteCond "${vhost:%1}" "^(/.*)$"
+RewriteRule "^/cgi-bin/(.*)$" "%1/cgi-bin/$1" [H=cgi-script]</pre>
+
+
+</div></div>
+<div class="bottomlang">
+<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/rewrite/vhosts.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="../fr/rewrite/vhosts.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français">&nbsp;fr&nbsp;</a></p>
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="../images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&amp;A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Libera.chat, or sent to our <a href="https://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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