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@@ -0,0 +1,10312 @@ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.1-rc3, and +the previous version, bash-5.1-rc2. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. The `assoc_expand_once' option now affects the evaluation of the -v primary + to test and the [[ compound command. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a bug that could cause point to be set beyond the end of the line + buffer when aborting an incremental search. + +3. New Features in Bash + +4. New Features in Readline + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.1-rc2, and +the previous version, bash-5.1-rc1. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Process substitutions started from an interactive shell no longer have their + standard input implicitly redirected from /dev/null. + +b. Fixed an issue with setting the SIGINT trap handler in an interactive shell + when temporarily running $PROMPT_COMMAND non-interactively. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Terminals that are named "dumb" or unknown do not enable bracketed paste + by default. + +b. Ensure that disabling bracketed paste turns off highlighting the incremental + search string when the search is successful. + +3. New Features in Bash + +4. New Features in Readline + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.1-rc1, and +the previous version, bash-5.1-beta. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed an inconsistency in the way HISTCMD is calculated when it's expanded + during a multi-line command. + +b. Modified the change to here-document expansion containing backslash-quoted + double quotes. + +c. Fixed a case where the shells's exit status could be greater than 255. + +d. Modified changed to process substitution so the executed command has its + stdin redirected from /dev/null if it was previously interactive and + reading commands from the terminal. + +2. New Features in Bash + +a. There is a new contributed loadable builtin: asort. + +3. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a bug that could cause an application with an application-specific + redisplay function to crash if the line data structures had not been + initialized. + +4. New Features in Readline + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.1-beta, and +the previous version, bash-5.1-alpha. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a bug that caused name references to variables to not update the + referenced variable's assignment side effects. + +b. Tightened up the parameter transformation error checking for invalid + transformation operators. + +c. System-specific changes for: FreeBSD + +d. A few minor changes to move potential uses of stdio functions out of signal + handling paths. + +e. Make sure SIGCHLD is blocked in all cases where waitchld() is not called + from a signal handler. + +f. Changed `command' builtin processing so it no longer starts an extra process + when run asynchronously (command x &). + +g. Avoid performing tilde expansion after `:' in words that look like assignment + statements when in posix mode. + +h. Slight changes to how the `complete' builtin prints out options and actions + for completion specifications. + +i. Several changes to how `local -' restores the values of options and + $SHELLOPTS. + +j. Don't treat a word in a compound assignment as an assignment statement + unless it has a valid subscript before the `='. + +k. Fixed a bug with the DEBUG trap and process substitution that caused the + terminal's process group to be set incorrectly. + +l. Fixed a bug that left readline's signal handlers installed while running a + shell command from a bindable readline command. + +m. Fixed the `fc' builtin to clamp out of range history specifications at the + boundaries of the history list for POSIX conformance. + +n. Fixed a bug that caused ${foo@a} to treat foo as an unset variable if it + was an array without a value for subscript 0/"0" but had other set + elements. + +o. Fixed a bug that caused the history code to attempt to parse command + substitutions looking for shell comments before adding them to the history, + even while parsing here-documents. + +p. Fixed a bug that could cause a syntax error in a command read by `eval' to + exit an interactive shell. + +2. New Features in Bash + +a. If the hash builtin is listing hashed filenames portably, don't print + anything if the table is empty. + +b. GLOBIGNORE now ignores `.' and `..' as a terminal pathname component. + +c. Bash attempts to optimize away forks in the last command in a function body + under appropriate circumstances. + +d. The globbing code now uses fnmatch(3) to check collation elements (if + available) even in cases without multibyte characters. + +e. The `fg' and `bg' builtins now return an error in a command substitution + when asked to restart a job inherited from the parent shell. + +f. The shell now attempts to unlink all FIFOs on exit, whether a consuming + process has finished with them or not. + +3. Changes to Readline + +a. Make sure that all undo groups are closed when leaving vi insertion mode. + +b. Make sure that the vi-mode `C' and `c' commands enter insert mode even if + the motion command doesn't have any effect. + +c. Fixed several potential memory leaks in the callback mode context handling. + +d. If readline is handling a SIGTTOU, make sure SIGTTOU is blocked while + executing the terminal cleanup code, since it's no longer run in a signal + handling context. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. The signal cleanup code now blocks SIGINT while processing after a SIGINT. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.1-alpha, and +the previous version, bash-5.0-release. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a bug that caused a posix-mode shell to not exit if the return builtin + was executed outside a function or dot script. + +b. Fixed a bug where `declare +f' could potentially turn off the function + attribute. + +c. Restored bash-4.4 pathname expansion behavior when a word to be expanded had + only backslashes, not any of the other globbing characters. This came after + an extensive POSIX group discussion (interp #1234). + +d. There are more changes to avoid performing word expansions multiple times on + arithmetic expressions. + +e. Fixed a bug with alias expansion when the alias ends with a TAB. + +f. Fixed a bug that caused programmable completion to return an error if the + shell function name supplied as an argument to `complete -F' was invalid. + +g. There are several fixes to buffer overflows found as the result of fuzzing + with random input. + +h. Fixed a bug that caused the edit-and-execute-command editing command to + start with the previous history line if invoked on an empty line. + +i. Fixed a bug that potentially caused `bind --help' to change readline's + output stream. + +j. Turning off posix mode now restores the vi-insertion mode binding for TAB + that was in effect when posix mode was enabled. + +k. Restore the previous state of job control being enabled if `exec' fails in + an interactive shell. + +l. Fixed a bug that caused the terminal's process group to be set incorrectly + if job control was turned off before starting an interactive shell. + +m. Fixed a bug that caused a crash when HISTSIZE=0. + +n. Fixed a word expansion bug that caused null strings on the rhs of expansions + to be discarded incorrectly. + +o. History list management does a better job of handling the situation where + the number of history entries from the current shell session is greater than + the number of entries in the history list. + +p. Fixed a bug that caused the `fc' builtin to attempt to dereference a newly- + freed history entry. + +q. Fixed a bug that made the `Q' variable transformation not work well with + `set -u'. + +r. There are several word expansion fixes for expanding $* and $@ in contexts + where word splitting is not going to be performed, since each positional + parameter must expand to a separate word. + +s. Fixed a bug that could cause ^D to exit bash immediately even if there were + stopped jobs. + +t. Fixed a bug with double-quoting and backslash-quoting strings containing + multibyte characters for reuse. + +u. Fixed a bug that caused the line number to be reported incorrectly if the + shell executed a (command) subshell. + +v. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to fail to reap process substitutions + when they went out of scope, which had unpredictable results. + +w. Fixed a bug that caused null strings in arguments to [[ conditional command + operators to compare incorrectly. + +x. Changed the behavior of `wait' without arguments to only wait for background + processes the current shell instance started, not background children it may + have inherited. + +y. Fixed a bug that could cause command substitution to leave file descriptors + open if the shell received many SIGINTs. + +z. Bash now behaves better if the `**' filename expansion operator encounters a + symbolic link to a directory, avoiding more cases where it might return + duplicate pathnames. + +aa. Programmable completion now canonicalizes directory names in the same way + as bash word completion, so `..' is handled consistently. + +bb. Fixed a bug when using RETURN as the delimiter to the read builtin; it + caused readline to set the binding for RETURN incorrectly. + +cc. Fixed a bug that caused `history -d' to delay printing an out-of-range + error message. + +dd. Fixed a bug with `bash -c command' where `command' ends with an expanded + alias. + +ee. Fixed a bug that could result in `history -n' adding spurious line feeds to + commands in the history list. + +ff. The $RANDOM random number generator now XORs the top and bottom halves of + the internal 32-bit value to introduce more randomness. Setting the shell + compatibility level to 50 or lower undoes this. + +gg. Fixed several problems caused by running the DEBUG trap on simple commands + executed as part of a pipeline. + +ii. Fixed a bug that didn't allow `bind -r' to remove the binding for \C-@. + +jj. Several fixes to the bash-backward-shellword bindable readline command to + behave better when at the last character on the line. + +kk. If `set -x' is enabled, bash doesn't print a command twice if it's run by + the `command' builtin. + +ll. Fixed a bug with printing function definitions containing here documents. + +mm. Fixed a bug that could cause the `bind' builtin to set $? to -1. + +nn. Fixed a bug that didn't reset the timezone information correctly when the + TZ variable was unset. + +oo. Fixed several issues with assigning an associative array variable using a + compound assignment that expands the value of the same variable. + +pp. Fixed several places where the shell set $? without setting PIPESTATUS. + +qq. Fixed a problem with glob bracket expressions containing invalid character + classes, collating symbols, or equivalence classes -- they should not + require a closing right bracket. + +rr. Fixed a bug where running a builtin in a subshell did not run the EXIT trap. + +ss. Fixed several problems with posix-mode variable assignments preceding + shell function calls and posix special builtins, so that they create and + modify variables at the current scope. + +tt. Fix history initialization so `bash +o history' works as expected. + +uu. Fixed a bug in the bindable edit-and-execute-command command that could + interfere with the shell's parsing state. + +vv. Fixed an issue with nested traps running command substitutions in command + lines with command substitutions. + +ww. Fixed a bug with globbing pathnames that contain invalid multibyte + characters (sequences that don't correspond to a character in the current + locale). + +xx. Fixed a bug that caused the shell not to exit if a function definition + failed while errexit was enabled. + +yy. Process substitution processes now get their input from /dev/null, since + they are asynchronous, not interactive, and not jobs. + +zz. Setting nocaseglob no longer turns on case-insensitive regexp matching. + +aaa. Fixed a bug that resulted in extra blank lines being added to some history + entries containing here-documents. + +bbb. Fixed a bug that resulted in incorrect matching of some patterns in word + expansion if they expanded to the empty string. + +ccc. Fixed here-string expansion so it behaves the same as expansion of the + rhs of an assignment statement. + +ddd. Changed here-document parsing to no longer allow the end of the here + document to delimit a command substitution. + +eee. Several fixes to history expansion: multiple :p modifiers work, a ^ word + designator works as part of a range, and a `-' is treated as part of a + search string if it immediately follows a `!'. + +fff. Fixed a bug in pattern substitution with null matches in a string + containing multibyte characters. + +ggg. Unbinding a key sequence bound with `bind -x' now removes the key sequence + from the additional keymap `bind -x' uses. + +hhh. Fixed a bug with command start detection for completion so that it doesn't + mistake brace expansion for the start of a command. + +iii. Fixed a bug that caused local variables with the same name as variables + appearing in a function's temporary environment to not be marked as local. + +jjj. Fixed a bug that could cause SIGCHLD to be blocked when executing return + or exec in the rightmost pipeline element with lastpipe enabled. + +kkk. Fixed a bug that could result in commands without the execute bit set + being added to the command hash table. + +lll. Fixed a bug that allowed non-digits to follow the `#' in a `base#number' + integer constant. + +mmm. Fixed a bug that made `time -- command' attempt to execute `--'. + +nnn. Fixed a couple of bugs with variable transformation using arrays + subscripted with `*' or `@'. + +ooo. A failure to create a variable using `declare' in a function no longer + causes the function to return immediately. + +ppp. Fixed a bug that could cause the := word expansion to add a non-null + value if attempting to assign a null string when double-quoted. + +qqq. Fixed a bug that could cause backslashes quoting double quotes in here + document bodies to not be removed when expanding the body. + +rrr. Fixed a bug that caused commands following a subshell while the shell is + reading input from stdin but not interactive, while job control is + enabled, to be executed twice. + +sss. Fixed a bug where receiving SIGTERM from a different process while + readline was active could cause the shell to terminate. + +ttt. In posix mode, running a trap after the read builtin now sees the exit + status of the read builtin (e.g., 130 after a SIGINT) in $?. + +uuu. Fixed a bug with nameref variables referencing array subscripts used in + arithmetic expressions. + +vvv. Fixed a bug that caused the pipeline process group id to be reset in the + middle of a command list run by a shell started to run a command + substitution. + +www. Restricted shells can no longer read and write history files with pathnames + containing slashes. + +xxx. Fixed a couple of problems with 0 and -0 used as arguments to `fc' when + not listing commands from the history. + +yyy. When `test' is supplied four or more arguments, treat an argument that + looks like an operator (e.g., -e), but is in a place where only a string + is valid, as a string, as it would be when using the POSIX rules, instead + of an operator with a missing argument. + +zzz. There is no `compat50' shopt option. Changes to the shell compatibility + level should use the BASH_COMPAT variable. + +aaaa. Redirection failures with compound commands are now treated as errors + that cause the shell to exit if `errexit' is enabled. + +bbbb. Redirection failure error messages no longer expand the word in the + redirection again. + +cccc. History expansion is no longer performed while parsing a here-document + inside a command substitution. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. There are a number of fixes that were found as the result of fuzzing with + random input. + +b. Changed the revert-all-at-newline behavior to make sure to start at the end + of the history list when doing it, instead of the line where the user hit + return. + +c. When parsing `set' commands from the inputrc file or an application, readline + now allows trailing whitespace. + +d. Fixed a bug that left a file descriptor open to the history file if the + file size was 0. + +e. Fixed a problem with binding key sequences containing meta characters. + +f. Fixed a bug that caused the wrong line to be displayed if the user tried to + move back beyond the beginning of the history list, or forward past the end + of the history list. + +g. If readline catches SIGTSTP, it now sets a hook that allows the calling + application to handle it if it desires. + +h. Fixed a redisplay problem with a prompt string containing embedded newlines. + +i. Fixed a problem with completing filenames containing invalid multibyte + sequences when case-insensitive comparisons are enabled. + +j. Fixed a redisplay problem with prompt strings containing invisible multibyte + characters. + +k. Fixed a problem with multibyte characters mapped to editing commands that + modify the search string in incremental search. + +l. Fixed a bug with maintaining the key sequence while resolving a bound + command in the presence of ambiguous sequences (sequences with a common + prefix), in most cases while attempting to unbind it. + +m. Fixed several buffer overflows found as the result of fuzzing. + +n. Reworked backslash handling when translating key sequences for key binding + to be more uniform and consistent, which introduces a slight backwards + incompatibility. + +o. Fixed a bug with saving the history that resulted in errors not being + propagated to the calling application when the history file is not writable. + +p. Readline only calls chown(2) on a newly-written history file if it really + needs to, instead of having it be a no-op. + +q. Readline now behaves better when operate-and-get-next is used when the + history list is `full': when there are already $HISTSIZE entries. + +r. Fixed a bug that could cause vi redo (`.') of a replace command not to work + correctly in the C or POSIX locale. + +s. Fixed a bug with vi-mode digit arguments that caused the last command to be + set incorrectly. This prevents yank-last-arg from working as intended, for + example. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. `bind -x' now supports different bindings for different editing modes and + keymaps. + +b. Bash attempts to optimize the number of times it forks when executing + commands in subshells and from `bash -c'. + +c. Here documents and here strings now use pipes for the expanded document if + it's smaller than the pipe buffer size, reverting to temporary files if it's + larger. + +d. There are new loadable builtins: mktemp, accept, mkfifo, csv, cut/lcut + +e. In posix mode, `trap -p' now displays signals whose disposition is SIG_DFL + and those that were SIG_IGN when the shell starts. + +f. The shell now expands the history number (e.g., in PS1) even if it is not + currently saving commands to the history list. + +g. `read -e' may now be used with arbitrary file descriptors (`read -u N'). + +h. The `select' builtin now runs traps if its internal call to the read builtin + is interrupted by a signal. + +i. SRANDOM: a new variable that expands to a 32-bit random number that is not + produced by an LCRNG, and uses getrandom/getentropy, falling back to + /dev/urandom or arc4random if available. There is a fallback generator if + none of these are available. + +j. shell-transpose-words: a new bindable readline command that uses the same + definition of word as shell-forward-word, etc. + +k. The shell now adds default bindings for shell-forward-word, + shell-backward-word, shell-transpose-words, and shell-kill-word. + +l. Bash now allows ARGV0 appearing in the initial shell environment to set $0. + +m. If `unset' is executed without option arguments, bash tries to unset a shell + function if a name argument cannot be a shell variable name because it's not + an identifier. + +n. The `test -N' operator uses nanosecond timestamp granularity if it's + available. + +o. Bash posix mode now treats assignment statements preceding shell function + definitions the same as in its default mode, since POSIX has changed and + no longer requires those assignments to persist after the function returns + (POSIX interp 654). + +p. BASH_REMATCH is no longer readonly. + +q. wait: has a new -p VARNAME option, which stores the PID returned by `wait -n' + or `wait' without arguments. + +r. Sorting the results of pathname expansion now uses byte-by-byte comparisons + if two strings collate equally to impose a total order; the result of a + POSIX interpretation (#963 and #1070). + +s. Bash now allows SIGINT trap handlers to execute recursively. + +t. Bash now saves and restores state around setting and unsetting posix mode, + instead of having unsetting posix mode set a known state. + +u. Process substitution is now available in posix mode. + +v. READLINE_MARK: a new variable available while executing commands bound with + `bind -x', contains the value of the mark. + +w. Bash removes SIGCHLD from the set of blocked signals if it's blocked at shell + startup. + +x. `test -v N' can now test whether or not positional parameter N is set. + +y. `local' now honors the `-p' option to display all local variables at the + current context. + +z. The `@a' variable transformation now prints attributes for unset array + variables. + +aa. The `@A' variable transformation now prints a declare command that sets a + variable's attributes if the variable has attributes but is unset. + +bb. `declare' and `local' now have a -I option that inherits attributes and + value from a variable with the same name at a previous scope. + +cc. When run from a -c command, `jobs' now reports the status of completed jobs. + +dd. New `U', `u', and `L' parameter transformations to convert to uppercase, + convert first character to uppercase, and convert to lowercase, + respectively. + +ee. PROMPT_COMMAND: can now be an array variable, each element of which can + contain a command to be executed like a string PROMPT_COMMAND variable. + +ff. `ulimit' has a -R option to report and set the RLIMIT_RTTIME resource. + +gg. Associative arrays may be assigned using a list of key-value pairs within + a compound assignment. Compound assignments where the words are not of + the form [key]=value are assumed to be key-value assignments. A missing or + empty key is an error; a missing value is treated as NULL. Assignments may + not mix the two forms. + +hh. New `K' parameter transformation to display associative arrays as key- + value pairs. + +ii. Writing history to syslog now handles messages longer than the syslog max + length by writing multiple messages with a sequence number. + +jj. SECONDS and RANDOM may now be assigned using arithmetic expressions, since + they are nominally integer variables. LINENO is not an integer variable. + +kk. Bash temporarily suppresses the verbose option when running the DEBUG trap + while running a command from the `fc' builtin. + +ll. `wait -n' now accepts a list of job specifications as arguments and will + wait for the first one in the list to change state. + +mm. The associative array implementation can now dynamically increase the + size of the hash table based on insertion patterns. + +nn. HISTFILE is now readonly in a restricted shell. + +oo. The bash malloc now returns memory that is 16-byte aligned on 64-bit + systems. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. If a second consecutive completion attempt produces matches where the first + did not, treat it as a new completion attempt and insert a match as + appropriate. + +b. Bracketed paste mode works in more places: incremental search strings, vi + overstrike mode, character search, and reading numeric arguments. + +c. Readline automatically switches to horizontal scrolling if the terminal has + only one line. + +d. Unbinding all key sequences bound to a particular readline function now + descends into keymaps for multi-key sequences. + +e. rl-clear-display: new bindable command that clears the screen and, if + possible, the scrollback buffer (bound to emacs mode M-C-l by default). + +f. New active mark and face feature: when enabled, it will highlight the text + inserted by a bracketed paste (the `active region') and the text found by + incremental and non-incremental history searches. This is tied to bracketed + paste and can be disabled by turning off bracketed paste. + +g. Readline sets the mark in several additional commands. + +h. Bracketed paste mode is enabled by default. + +i. Readline tries to take advantage of the more regular structure of UTF-8 + characters to identify the beginning and end of characters when moving + through the line buffer. + +j. The bindable operate-and-get-next command (and its default bindings) are + now part of readline instead of a bash-specific addition. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.0-release, and +the previous version, bash-5.0-rc1. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Tilde expansion isn't performed on indexed array subscripts, even for + backwards compatibility. + +b. The shell doesn't exit in posix mode if the eval builtin gets a parse + error when run by the command builtin. + +c. Fixed a bug that caused a shell comment in an alias to not find the end + of the alias properly. + +d. Reverted a change from April, 2018 that caused strings containing + backslashes to be flagged as glob patterns. + +2. Changes to Readline + +3. New Features in Bash + +4. New Features in Readline + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.0-rc1, and +the previous version, bash-5.0-beta2. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fix to initial word completion detection code. + +b. Fixed a bug that caused issues with assignment statements containing ^A in + the value assigned when IFS contains ^A. + +c. Added a fallback to fnmatch() when strcoll can't correctly deal with + bracket expression character equivalence classes. + +d. Fixed a bug that caused $BASH_COMMAND to contain the trap handler command + when running a trap handler containing [[ or (( commands. + +e. Fixed a bug that caused nameref assignments in the temporary environment + to potentially create variables with invalid names. + +f. Fixed a bug that caused `local -' to turn off alias expansion in scripts. + +g. Fixed a parser issue with a command string containing EOF after an invalid + command as an argument to a special builtin not causing a posix-mode shell + to exit. + +h. Made a slight change to the FNV-1 string hash algorithm used for associative + arrays (corrected the initial seed). + +2. Changes to Readline + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. The `select' command now supports command forms without a word list + following `in'. + +4. New Features in Readline + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.0-beta2, and +the previous version, bash-5.0-beta. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a bug that could cause a seg fault while parsing a subshell command + inside a command substitution. + +b. Fixed several small memory leaks uncovered by coverity. + +c. Fixed a problem with command substitution inside an interactive shell that + could cause the parent to receive a SIGHUP. + +d. Fixed a problem with using `*' and `@' as subscripts when assigning values + to an associative array with assoc_expand_once enabled. + +e. Fixed a bug that could cause a huge memory allocation when completing a + word beginning with an invalid tilde expansion. + +f. Cleaned up some incompatibilities with bash-4.4 when expanding indexed array + subscripts used in arithmetic expansions when assoc_expand_once is enabled. + +g. The ${parameter@a} expansion will display attributes even if `parameter' is + unset. + +h. Fixed a bug that caused the output of `set' to cut off some variables before + printing the value. + +i. Treat a failure to assign a variable when using the ${x:=value} expansion + as an expansion error, so non-interactive posix-mode shells exit + +j. Fixed a problem when expanding $* in a context where word splitting is not + performed when IFS is NULL. + +k. Temp files used to store here documents are forced readable, no matter what + the user's umask says. + +l. Fixed a problem where an interrupted brace expansion could cause the shell + to attempt to free an invalid memory location. + +m. Make sure to check for any terminating signals after running a trap + handler; don't wait until the next time we process traps. + +n. Fixed a bug that caused "return" to act like a special builtin with respect + to variable assignments even when preceded by "command". + +o. POSIX-mode shells now return failure if the cd builtin fails due to the + absolute directory name being longer than PATH_MAX, instead of trying + again with a relative pathname. + +p. Fixed a problem with FUNCNAME occasionally being visible when not executing + a shell function. + +q. Fixed a problem with the expansions performed on the WORD in the case + command. + +r. Fixed a slight POSIX compatibility when removing "IFS whitespace" during + word splitting and the read builtin. + +s. Fixed a problem with expanding an array with subscript `*' when all the + elements expand to the empty string, and making sure the expansion honors + the `:' specifier. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a bug with adding multibyte characters to an incremental search string. + +b. Fixed a bug with redoing text insertions in vi mode. + +c. Fixed a bug with pasting text into an incremental search string if bracketed + paste mode is enabled. ESC cannot be one of the incremental search + terminator characters for this to work. + +d. Fixed a bug with anchored search patterns when performing searches in vi + mode. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. Associative and indexed arrays now allow subscripts consisting solely of + whitespace. + +b. `checkwinsize' is now enabled by default. + +c. The `localvar_unset' shopt option is now visible and documented. + +d. The `progcomp_alias' shopt option is now visible and documented. + +e. The signal name processing code now understands `SIGRTMIN+n' all the way + up to SIGRTMAX. + +f. There is a new `seq' loadable builtin. + +g. Trap execution now honors the (internal) max invocations of `eval', since + traps are supposed to be executed as if using `eval'. + +h. The $_ variable doesn't change when the shell executes a command that forks. + +i. The `kill' builtin now supports -sSIGNAME and -nSIGNUM, even though + conforming applications aren't supposed to use them. + +j. POSIX mode now enables the `shift_verbose' option. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. Readline now allows application-defined keymap names; there is a new public + function, rl_set_keymap_name(), to do that. + +b. The "Insert" keypad key, if available, now puts readline into overwrite + mode. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.0-beta, and +the previous version, bash-5.0-alpha. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a bug that allowed subshells to "inherit" enclosing loops -- this + is where POSIX says the subshell is not "enclosed" by the loop. + +b. Added more UTF-8-specific versions of multibyte functions, and optimized + existing functions if the current locale uses UTF-8 encoding. + +c. In POSIX mode, assignments preceding regular builtins should not persist + when the builtin completes. + +d. Added additional checks to special array assignment (e.g., BASH_ALIASES) + so it can't be used to bypass validity checks performed in other places. + +e. The `!!' history expansion now refers to the previous history entry as + expected, even if used on the second or subsequent line of a multi-line + history entry. + +f. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to dereference a NULL pointer if + the environment (`environ') is set to NULL. + +g. Bash uses slightly better integer overflow handling for brace sequence + expansion on systems where ints are 32 bits and intmax_t is 64 bits. + +h. Fixed a bug setting attributes for a variable named as an argument to + `declare' that also appears as a nameref in the temporary environment. + +i. Fixed several bugs that could cause assignments to namerefs to create + variables with invalid names. + +j. Fixed a bug that could result in the SIGINT handler being set incorrectly + in asynchronous subshells. + +k. Fixed a bug that could cause `bash -t' to not execute the specified command. + +l. Fixed several bugs that caused the shell to operate on the wrong variable + when using namerefs with the same name as a global variable in shell + functions. + +m. Internal changes to how the shell handles variables with invalid names in + the initial environment and to prevent variables with invalid names from + being added to the environment instead of passing them on to children. + +n. Changes to make sure that an expansion that results in a quoted null string + is reflected in the expansion, even if the word expands to nothing. + +o. Changes to make sure that $* and ${array[*]} (and $@/${array[@]}) expand + the same way after the recent changes for POSIX interpretation 888. + +p. Saving and restoring the positional parameters at function entry and exit + is considerably more efficient; noticeably so when there are large numbers + of positional parameters. + +q. Fixed a bug that caused `lastpipe' and `pipefail' to return an incorrect + status for the pipeline if there was more than one external command in a + loop body appearing in the last pipeline element. + +r. Fixed a bug that caused value conversion errors with the printf builtin's + %u and %f conversion specifications and invalid constants. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Added more UTF-8-specific versions of multibyte functions, and optimized + existing functions if the current locale uses UTF-8 encoding. + +b. Fixed a problem with bracketed-paste inserting more than one character and + interacting with other readline functions. + +c. Fixed a bug that caused the history library to attempt to append a history + line to a non-existent history entry. + +d. If using bracketed paste mode, output a newline after the \r that is the + last character of the mode disable string to avoid overwriting output. + +e. Fixes to the vi-mode `b', `B', `w', `W', `e', and `E' commands to better + handle multibyte characters. + +f. Fixed a redisplay problem that caused an extra newline to be generated on + accept-line when the line length is exactly the screenwidth. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. Bash no longer allows variable assignments preceding a special builtin that + changes variable attributes to propagate back to the calling environment + unless the compatibility level is 44 or lower. + +b. You can set the default value for $HISTSIZE at build time in config-top.h. + +c. The `complete' builtin now accepts a -I option that applies the completion + to the initial word on the line. + +d. The internal bash malloc now uses mmap (if available) to satisfy requests + greater than 128K bytes, so free can use mfree to return the pages to the + kernel. + +e. The shell doesn't automatically set BASH_ARGC and BASH_ARGV at startup + unless it's in debugging mode, as the documentation has always said, but + will dynamically create them if a script references them at the top level + without having enabled debugging mode. + +f. The localvar_inherit option will not attempt to inherit a value from a + variable of an incompatible type (indexed vs. associative arrays, for + example). + +g. The `globasciiranges' option is now enabled by default; it can be set to + off by default at configuration time. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. The history expansion library now understands command and process + substitution and extended globbing and allows them to appear anywhere in a + word. + +b. The history library has a new variable that allows applications to set the + initial quoting state, so quoting state can be inherited from a previous + line. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.0-alpha, and +the previous version, bash-4.4-release. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a bug that could cause traps in background jobs to give the terminal + to the wrong process group. + +b. Fixed a bug that caused `kill -l 0' to print an out-of-range error. + +c. Fixed a problem that could result in here-documents being displayed in + the wrong order. + +d. Fixed a number of out-of-bounds and free memory read errors found via + fuzzing. + +e. Fixed a subshell inheritance problem that could cause a subshell to wait for + the wrong process. + +f. Fixed a bug that caused SHLVL to be incremented one too many times when + creating subshells. + +g. A job dying due to SIGINT can now interrupt sourcing a file in a shell with + job control enabled. + +h. Fixed a spurious warning about unterminated ${ or $( constructs during + word completion. + +i. The shell no longer runs traps if a signal arrives while reading command + substitution output. + +j. Fixed an arithmetic expansion error that could allow ++var++ as valid + syntax. + +k. Fixed an error that allowed out-of-bounds references to the directory stack. + +l. The shell does a better job of saving multi-line history entries with + embedded comments. + +m. Fixed a bug that could cause quoted bracket expressions in regular expression + arguments to `[[' to not match correctly. + +n. Fixed a bug that could cause an IFS character in a word to result in an + extra '\001' character in the expansion. + +o. A trailing backslash in a glob pattern can match a trailing backslash in the + string. + +p. Fixed a memory leak in the process creation code path when job control is + enabled. + +q. Fixed a bug that caused `printf' to output broken surrogate pairs for + Japanese locales. + +r. Fixed a bug that caused a SIGINT generated from `kill' in a dot script to + kill an interactive shell. + +s. Fixed a bug that could cause the `read' builtin to not fully read a + multibyte character. + +t. Fixed a bug that could cause identifiers to be evaluated in conditional + arithmetic expressions even when evaluation is suppressed. + +u. Fixed a bug that could result in command substitution, when executed in a + context where word splitting is not performed, to leave a stray '\001' + character in the string. + +v. Fixed a bug that could cause history expansion to be disabled in a non- + interactive shell even if `-o histexpand' is supplied at startup. + +w. Fixed a bug that caused `read -N' to strip leading whitespace IFS characters. + +x. Fixed a bug that caused spurious tilde expansion in arithmetic expressions. + +y. If indirect expansion attempts to indirectly reference through an unset + variable, report an error. + +z. Added a guard to prevent the shell from looping while receiving an endless + stream of SIGTTIN at shell startup. + +aa. Fixed a bug with parsing here documents inside a command substitution when + looking for the closing delimiter. + +bb. Fixed a bug that caused printf to not quote all <blank> characters in the + current locale when using the `%q' format specifier. + +cc. Fixed a bug with bash's internal buffered I/O system that caused the input + pointer to not be reset when read(2) returned an EOF. + +dd. Bash now installs its SIGWINCH signal handler with SA_RESTART, so it will + not interrupt open/read/write system calls. + +ee. The ERR trap now reports line numbers more reliably. + +ff. The shell no longer tries to manipulate the terminal process group if a + command or process substitution is killed by SIGTERM when job control is + enabled. + +gg. Fixed a bug that caused extglob patterns to match filenames beginning with + a period. + +hh. File descriptors open for writing to here documents are no longer available + to subshells. + +ii. Make sure word completion doesn't perform command or process substitution. + +jj. Fixed a bug with parsing $$'...' inside a command substitution. + +kk. Fixed a bug that caused bash to remove backslash-newline pairs from the + body of a here-document with a quoted delimiter inside a command + substitution. + +ll. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to hang when adding a pid to the + table of background process exit statuses. + +mm. Fixed a bug that could cause 0x01 characters to be doubled in the output + of process substitution. + +nn. Restricted shells now clear the hash table before making the PATH variable + read-only. + +oo. There are a number of changes to the expansion of $* and $@ in contexts + where word splitting does not occur (quoted and unquoted), with IFS set + to NULL or a non-standard value, mostly to deal with the consequences of + the behavior defined in Posix interpretation 888. + +pp. There are a number of changes to nameref variable handling to avoid + creating variables with invalid names. + +qq. A non-interactive posix mode shell no longer exits when an assignment + statement fails if the assignment is utimately being performed by the + `command' builtin. + +rr. When using character class names for globbing, don't allow case + insensitivity, even if nocaseglob is enabled. + +ss. Fixed a bug that allowed some redirections to stay in place if a later + redirection failed. + +tt. Fixed a bug in how command and process substitutions are recognized within + other parameter expansions. + +uu. Fixed a bug that caused bash to loop under certain circumstances when + performing arithmetic expansion on a variable whose value is an invalid + expression. + +vv. Fixed a bug that could cause bash to expand aliases inappropriately while + parsing compound commands like `case'. + +ww. Fixed a bug that could cause `read -N' to fail to read complete multibyte + characters, even when the sequences are incomplete or invalid, with or + without readline. + +xx. Fixed a bug that could cause `case' to fail to match patterns containing + 0x01 characters. + +yy. Fixed a bug that caused exported functions to contain stray 0x01 characters. + +zz. Fixed some inconsistencies with how the history number is handled in the + various prompt strings. + +aaa. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if READLINE_LINE was unset + inside a shell function bound to a key sequence with `bind -x'. + +bbb. Fixed a bug that could cause bash to not read a token terminator correctly + if a command substitution was used inside an arithmetic `for' command. + +ccc. Fixed problems that could occur with a fatal arithmetic expansion error + in a context (like prompt expansion) where you can't jump back to the + top level. + +ddd. Expression errors in arithmetic `for' commands are treated more like + shell syntax errors. + +eee. Fixed a parser synchronization error resulting from a syntax error + followed immediately by an EOF. + +fff. When executing a shell function, the first line in the function ($LINENO) + is line 1 instead of line 0, as Posix requires. + +ggg. In Posix mode, bash will canonicalize the value of PWD it inherits from + the environment and use that to set its idea of the current directory. + +hhh. If LINENO is exported, bash needs to regenerate its value each time it + constructs the environment. + +iii. Fixed a bug with restoring the SIGINT handler when using `wait -n'. + +jjj. Make sure the `coproc' command returns an appropriate status if the NAME + argument is invalid. + +kkk. Fixed a problem with arithmetic expressions containing array references + that contain arithmetic expressions with syntax errors. + +lll. The `select' command and help builtin will use $COLUMNS before the window + size returned from the kernel as the terminal width. + +mmm. `read -n 0' and `read -N 0' now try a zero-length read in an attempt to + detect file descriptor errors. + +nnn. The `read' builtin now does a better job of acting on signals that don't + interrupt read(2). + +ooo. Fixed some cases where `printf -v' did not return failure status on a + variable assignment error. + +ppp. Fixed temporary environment propagation back to the current environment + so that it doesn't happen for special builtins run by the `command' + builtin. + +qqq. Fixed a bug when searching for the end of a here-document delimiter in a + command substitution. + +rrr. Fixed a bug that could cause `cd ${DIRSTACK[0]}' to fail. + +sss. Fixed a bug that could cause reserved words to not be recognized in a + for statement without the `in' inside a command substitution. + +ttt. Fixed a bug that could cause a double-free in a timed command with an + expansion error. + +uuu. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if a script switches from a UTF-8 + locale to a different locale after displaying a lone surrogate character. + +vvv. Fixed cases where bash prematurely removed FIFOs attached to process + substitutions. + +www. Fixed a problem with calculating the size of the table that stores exit + statuses from background processes when the child process resource limit + is very large. + +xxx. Fixed a memory leak with functions using `return' when using FIFOs for + standard input. + +yyy. `wait' without arguments attempts to wait for all active process + substitution processes. + +zzz. Fixed a bug where an indirect parameter was subjected to word splitting + when trying to find the indirected variable name. + +aaaa. Fixed a bug that could allow restricted shell users to add commands to + the hash table. + +bbbb. When using the `!(patlist)' extended globbing operator, a filename + beginning with a `.' that doesn't match any of the patterns is not + returned as a match if leading dots must be matched explicitly. + +cccc. Fixed a bug that could cause line number and source file information for + a function definition to be incorrect if there are multiple definitions. + +dddd. Fixed a bug that could cause builtins like `readonly' to behave + differently when applied to arrays and scalar variables within functions. + +eeee. Fixed a bug that could cause alias expansion to add an extra space to + a quoted string that begins outside the alias expansion. + +ffff. Fixed a bug that could result in unwanted alias expansion after timing + the null command. + +gggg. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if a timestamp in a history + file overflowed a time_t. + +hhhh. Restricted shells can no longer redirect from /dev/tcp or /dev/udp, since + the kernel calls make those file descriptors read-write. + +iiii. Fixed a problem with splitting double-quoted words for programmable + completion when the double quote immediately follows another word + delimiter. + +jjjj. Fixed a bug resulting in a use-after-free if two file descriptors share + the same input buffer. + +kkkk. The error message resulting from ${x:?} and ${x?} now differs depending + on whether the variable is null or unset. + +llll. In Posix mode, the shell exits if a variable assignment fails and precedes + an empty simple command (after expansion). + +mmmm. Fixed a timing problem with SIGALRM that could cause the read builtin to + drop characters. + +nnnn. Added code to deal with kill(2) failing to send the shell a fatal signal + due to Linux pid namespace peculiarities. + +oooo. Fixed a bug that made \C-@ (NUL) unusable in key sequences used for + `bind -x' commands. + +pppp. Fixed a bug that could cause SIGINT recursion when running an external + command in a trap the shell takes after a command exits due to SIGINT. + +qqqq. Make sure the shell turns off job control before running the command- + not-found handle, so the command doesn't try to manipulate process + groups. + +rrrr. Fixed a problem with timing process substitutions that caused the shell + to print timing information for the calling command. + +ssss. Fixed a bug that caused backquotes in a here-document delimiter to mark + the delimiter as quoted (inhibiting expansion of the here-document + contents). + +tttt. Fixed several problems with 0x01 and 0x177 in case pattern lists and + conditional command pattern matches. + +uuuu. Fixed a bug that could cause the pattern matching engine to not recognize + locale-specific character classes. + +vvvv. The auto-configuration now tests for /dev/stdin and /dev/fd independently. + +wwww. The `globstar' code now skips over symbolic links to directories, + preventing them from being scanned twice. + +xxxx. When running `bind -x' commands, bash now sets READLINE_POINT based on + the number of characters in the readline line buffer, not the number of + bytes. + +yyyy. Fixed a problem that could cause recursive trap evaluation of the RETURN + trap when using `eval return'. + +zzzz. Fixed a bug with expanding 0x01 in an unquoted here-document. + +aaaaa. The process substitution code now closes and unlinks FIFOs when the + process on the other side exits, in order to prevent SIGPIPE or + waiting until a FIFO opened for read has a writer. + +bbbbb. Fixed a bug with recursive calls to the parser overwriting the token in + an {id}>foo construct. + +ccccc. After a Posix discussion, the pattern matching engine just skips over + invalid character classes in bracket expressions, instead of matching + them like individual characters in the expression. + +ddddd. Fixed a posix-mode problem with variable scoping when creating variables + from assignment statements preceding special builtins. + +eeeee. Fixed a bug that could cause patterns containing backslashes to not be + run through the pattern matching engine. + +fffff. Fixed a bug that could cause redirections to compound commands to not + be `undone' if the file descriptor in the redirection was closed when + the redirection was initially processed. + +ggggg. Fixed a bug that could cause buffer corruption when using `bind -x' in + a command execute as a result of a key binding installed by `bind -x'. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Added a guard to prevent nested macros from causing an infinite expansion + loop. + +b. Instead of allocating enough history list entries to hold the maximum list + size, cap the number allocated initially. + +c. Added a strategy to avoid allocating huge amounts of memory if a block of + history entries without timestamps occurs after a block with timestamps. + +d. Added support for keyboard timeouts when an ESC character is the last + character in a macro. + +e. There are several performance improvements when in a UTF-8 locale. + +f. Readline does a better job of preserving the original set of blocked + signals when using pselect() to wait for input. + +g. Fixed a bug that caused multibyte characters in macros to be mishandled. + +h. Fixed several bugs in the code that calculates line breaks when expanding + prompts that span several lines, contain multibyte characters, and contain + invisible character seqeuences. + +i. Fixed several bugs in cursor positioning when displaying lines with prompts + containing invisible characters and multibyte characters. + +j. When performing case-insensitive completion, Readline no longer sorts the + list of matches unless directed to do so. + +k. Fixed a problem with key sequences ending with a backslash. + +l. Fixed out-of-bounds and free memory read errors found via fuzzing. + +m. Fixed several cases where the mark was set to an invalid value. + +n. Fixed a problem with the case-changing operators in the case where the + lower and upper case versions of a character do not have the same number + of bytes. + +o. Handle incremental and non-incremental search character reads returning EOF. + +p. Handle the case where a failing readline command at the end of a multi-key + sequence could be misinterpreted. + +q. The history library now prints a meaningful error message if the history + file isn't a regular file. + +r. Fixed a problem with vi-mode redo (`.') on a command when trying to replace + a multibyte character. + +s. The key binding code now attempts to remove a keymap if a key unbinding + leaves it empty. + +t. Fixed a line-wrapping issue that caused problems for some terminal + emulators. + +u. If there is a key bound to the tty's VDISCARD special character, readline + disables VDISCARD while it is active. + +v. Fixed a problem with exiting bracketed paste mode on terminals that assume + the bracketed paste mode character sequence contains visible characters. + +w. Fixed a bug that could cause a key binding command to refer to an + uninitialized variable. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. The `wait' builtin can now wait for the last process substitution created. + +b. There is an EPOCHSECONDS variable, which expands to the time in seconds + since the Unix epoch. + +c. There is an EPOCHREALTIME variable, which expands to the time in seconds + since the Unix epoch with microsecond granularity. + +d. New loadable builtins: rm, stat, fdflags. + +e. BASH_ARGV0: a new variable that expands to $0 and sets $0 on assignment. + +f. When supplied a numeric argument, the shell-expand-line bindable readline + command does not perform quote removal and suppresses command and process + substitution. + +g. `history -d' understands negative arguments: negative arguments offset from + the end of the history list. + +h. The `name' argument to the `coproc' reserved word now undergoes word + expansion, so unique coprocs can be created in loops. + +i. A nameref name resolution loop in a function now resolves to a variable by + that name in the global scope. + +j. The `wait' builtin now has a `-f' option, which signifies to wait until the + specified job or process terminates, instead of waiting until it changes + state. + +k. There is a define in config-top.h that allows the shell to use a static + value for $PATH, overriding whatever is in the environment at startup, for + use by the restricted shell. + +l. Process substitution does not inherit the `v' option, like command + substitution. + +m. If a non-interactive shell with job control enabled detects that a foreground + job died due to SIGINT, it acts as if it received the SIGINT. + +n. The SIGCHLD trap is run once for each exiting child process even if job + control is not enabled when the shell is in Posix mode. + +o. A new shopt option: localvar_inherit; if set, a local variable inherits the + value of a variable with the same name at the nearest preceding scope. + +p. `bind -r' now checks whether a key sequence is bound before binding it to + NULL, to avoid creating keymaps for a multi-key sequence. + +q. A numeric argument to the line editing `operate-and-get-next' command + specifies which history entry to use. + +r. The positional parameters are now assigned before running the shell startup + files, so startup files can use $@. + +s. There is a compile-time option that forces the shell to disable the check + for an inherited OLDPWD being a directory. + +t. The `history' builtin can now delete ranges of history entries using + `-d start-end'. + +u. The `vi-edit-and-execute-command' bindable readline command now puts readline + back in vi insertion mode after executing commands from the edited file. + +v. The command completion code now matches aliases and shell function names + case-insensitively if the readline completion-ignore-case variable is set. + +w. There is a new `assoc_expand_once' shell option that attempts to expand + associative array subscripts only once. + +x. The shell only sets up BASH_ARGV and BASH_ARGC at startup if extended + debugging mode is active. The old behavior of unconditionally setting them + is available as part of the shell compatibility options. + +y. The `umask' builtin now allows modes and masks greater than octal 777. + +z. The `times' builtin now honors the current locale when printing a decimal + point. + +aa. There is a new (disabled by default, undocumented) shell option to enable + and disable sending history to syslog at runtime. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. Non-incremental vi-mode search (`N', `n') can search for a shell pattern, as + Posix specifies (uses fnmatch(3) if available). + +b. There are new `next-screen-line' and `previous-screen-line' bindable + commands, which move the cursor to the same column in the next, or previous, + physical line, respectively. + +c. There are default key bindings for control-arrow-key key combinations. + +d. A negative argument (-N) to `quoted-insert' means to insert the next N + characters using quoted-insert. + +e. New public function: rl_check_signals(), which allows applications to + respond to signals that readline catches while waiting for input using + a custom read function. + +f. There is new support for conditionally testing the readline version in an + inputrc file, with a full set of arithmetic comparison operators available. + +g. There is a simple variable comparison facility available for use within an + inputrc file. Allowable operators are equality and inequality; string + variables may be compared to a value; boolean variables must be compared to + either `on' or `off'; variable names are separated from the operator by + whitespace. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-release, and +the previous version, bash-4.4-rc2. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a bug that could potentially result in a crash due to an integer + overflow. + +b. Fixed a bug in where commands printed due to `set -x' could be incorrectly + quoted if being printed in contexts where they haven't yet been expanded. + +c. Fixed several memory leaks. + +d. Fixed a bug that could potentially cause the terminal attributes to be + set incorrectly by a command run from a programmable completion. + +e. Fixed several potential buffer overflow issues in the word expansion code. + +2. Changes to Readline + +3. New Features in Bash + +4. New Features in Readline +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-rc2, and +the previous version, bash-4.4-beta2. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed an out-of-bounds read in the redirection operator completion code. + +b. Fixed execution context so `until continue' doesn't disable execution for + subsequent commands. + +c. Fixed trap handling code so traps don't inherit a command's temporary + environment. + +d. Fixed a bug that resulted in incorrect line numbers when a function is + defined as part of another function's execution. + +e. Fixed a bug in the expansion of ${a[@]} in contexts where word splitting + is not performed and $IFS is not the default. + +f. Fixed a bug that caused ''"$@" to not expand to an empty argument when + there are no positional parameters. + +g. Fixed a bug that caused a shell compiled without job control to use the + incorrect exit status for builtin commands preceded by a command executed + from the file system that causes the shell to call waitpid(). + +h. Improved word completion for quoted strings containing unterminated command + substitutions with embedded double quotes. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a bug that caused mode strings to be displayed incorrectly if the + prompt was shorter than the mode string. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. Using ${a[@]} or ${a[*]} with an array without any assigned elements when + the nounset option is enabled no longer throws an unbound variable error. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. New application-callable function: rl_pending_signal(): returns the signal + number of any signal readline has caught but not yet handled. + +b. New application-settable variable: rl_persistent_signal_handlers: if set + to a non-zero value, readline will enable the readline-6.2 signal handler + behavior in callback mode: handlers are installed when + rl_callback_handler_install is called and removed removed when a complete + line has been read. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-beta2, and +the previous version, bash-4.4-rc1. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a memory leak when processing ${!var[@]}. + +b. Fixed a bug that caused subshells to free trap strings associated with + inherited signals. + +c. Inheriting BASHOPTS from the environment now works to force actions + associated with enabling an option, instead of just marking the option + as enabled. + +d. Fixed a bug that allowed assignments to BASH_CMDS when the shell was in + restricted mode. + +e. Fixed a bug caused by an accidental omission of part of the original patch + for EXECIGNORE. + +e. Prompt expansion now quotes the results of the \s, \h, and \H expansions. + +f. Fixed a bug that caused parsing errors in command substitutions with + consecutive case statements separated by newlines. + +g. Updated logic used to decide whether bash is running inside an emacs + terminal emulator to work with future emacs versions. + +h. Fixed two extended pattern matching bugs caused by premature short- + circuiting. + +i. Fixed a memory leak in the code that removes duplicate history entries. + +j. There are a number of bug fixes to coproc, mapfile, declare, unset, + and assignment statements that prevent nameref variables from creating + and unsetting variables with invalid names. + +k. Fixed a bug that caused variables to be inadvertently marked as both an + associative and an indexed array. + +l. Fixed a bug that caused `bash -c' to not run a trap specified in the + command string. + +j. There are a number of bug fixes to coproc, mapfile, declare, and assignment + statements that prevent nameref variables from overwriting or modifying + attributes of readonly variables. + +k. Fixed a bug that caused command substitution to attempt to set the + terminal's process group incorrectly. + +l. Fixed a bug that could cause prompt string expansion to display error + messages when the `nounset' shell option is set. + +m. Fixed a bug that caused "$@" to not expand to an empty string under the + circumstances when Posix says it should ("${@-${@-$@}}"). + +n. Fixed several bugs caused by referencing nameref variables whose values + are names of unset variables (or names that are valid for referencing + but not assignment), including creating variables in the temporary + environment. + +o. Function tracing and error tracing are disabled if --debugger is supplied + at startup but the shell can't find the debugger start file. + +p. Fixed a bug when IFS is used as the control variable in a for statement. + +q. Fixed a bug with SIGINT received by a command substitution in an interactive + shell. + +r. The checks for nameref variable self-references are more thorough. + +s. Fixed several bugs with multi-line aliases. + +t. Fixed `test' to handle the four-argument case where $1 == '(' and + $4 == ')'. + +u. Fixed a bug in the expansion of $* in the cases where word splitting is + not performed. + +v. Fixed a bug in execution of case statements where IFS includes the + pattern matching characters. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. When refreshing the line as the result of a key sequence, Readline attempts + to redraw only the last line of a multiline prompt. + +b. Fixed an issue that caused completion of git commands to display + incorrectly when using colored-completion-prefix. + +c. Fixed several redisplay bugs having to do with multibyte characters and + invisible characters in prompt strings. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. Value conversions (arithmetic expansions, case modification, etc.) now + happen when assigning elements of an array using compound assignment. + +b. There is a new option settable in config-top.h that makes multiple + directory arguments to `cd' a fatal error. + +c. Bash now uses mktemp() when creating internal temporary files; it produces + a warning at build time on many Linux systems. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. The default binding for ^W in vi mode now uses word boundaries specified + by Posix (vi-unix-word-rubout is bindable command name). + +b. rl_clear_visible_line: new application-callable function; clears all + screen lines occupied by the current visible readline line. + +c. rl_tty_set_echoing: application-callable function that controls whether + or not readline thinks it is echoing terminal output. + +d. Handle >| and strings of digits preceding and following redirection + specifications as single tokens when tokenizing the line for history + expansion. + +e. Fixed a bug with displaying completions when the prefix display length + is greater than the length of the completions to be displayed. + +f. The :p history modifier now applies to the entire line, so any expansion + specifying :p causes the line to be printed instead of expanded. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-rc1, and +the previous version, bash-4.4-beta. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed several problems with bash completion not special-casing bash syntax + constructs. + +b. Fixed a bug that caused the mapfile builtin to not create array variables + when a variable of the same name appears in the temporary environment. + +c. Fixed a bug that caused prompt expansion to loop when PS1 contained a + syntax error. + +d. Fixed a bug that caused the ${array[@]@A} expansion to split the results + even when double-quoted. + +e. There is a new implementation of the code that saves the last CHILD_MAX + exited background pids so their status can be queried later. + +f. Bash-4.4 can now be configured and built on very old versions of Solaris 2. + +g. Fixed problems with --help support for several builtins. + +h. Fixed values added to BASH_SOURCE and BASH_LINENO for functions inherited + from the environment. + +i. Fixed a bug that caused background processes run from non-interactive shells + with job control enabled to place the terminal in the wrong process group + under certain circumstances. + +j. Fixed a bug that caused `fc' to return an incorrect exit status when + executing commands from the history list. + +k. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to exit when a process substitution + received a SIGINT when run in certain terminal emulators. + +l. EXECIGNORE now honors the setting of `extglob' when attempting to match + executable names. + +m. Fixed a bug where `return' used the wrong exit status when executed in a + DEBUG trap. + +n. Fixed a bug that caused a command containing a here-document and an escaped + newline to be stored in the history list incorrectly. + +o. Fixed a bug that caused set -e to be honored in cases of builtins invoking + other builtins when it should be ignored. + +p. Fixed a bug that caused `readonly' and `export' to create local array + variables when used within shell functions. + +q. Fixed a bug that allowed subshells begun to execute process substitutions + to have access to the command's temporary environment. + +r. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to dump core when receiving a + SIGCHLD for which a trap has been set while running in posix mode. + +s. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not restore BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV, + BASH_SOURCE, BASH_LINENO, and FUNCNAME if the shell received a SIGINT + while reading commands from a file while executing `.'. + +t. Fixed a bug that caused the `-o history' option to have no effect when + supplied on the command line when starting a new shell. + +u. Fixed a bug that caused history expansions occurring in command + substitutions to not be performed. + +v. Fixed a bug that caused `eval' run in a non-interactive shell to disable + history expansion for the remainder of the shell script, even if the script + had previously enabled it. + +w. Fixed a bug that caused "$@" to not expand to multiple words when IFS is set + to the empty string. + +x. Fixed a bug that caused process and command substitution to inherit output + buffered in the stdio library but not written. + +y. Fixed a bug that caused a terminating signal received during `echo' to run + an exit trap in a signal handler context. + +z. Fixed a bug that caused a builtin command containing a process substitution + to return the wrong exit status. + +aa. Fixed a bug that caused `()' subshells with piped input to incorrectly + redirect the standard input of some of the commands in the subshell from + /dev/null. + +bb. The history builtin now uses more descriptive error messages for missing or + invalid timestamps. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. The history file writing functions only attempt to create and use a backup + history file if the history file exists and is a regular file. + +b. Fixed an out-of-bounds read in readline's internal tilde expansion + interface. + +c. Fixed several redisplay bugs with prompt strings containing multibyte + and non-visible characters whose physical length is longer than the screen + width. + +d. Fixed a redisplay bug with prompt strings containing invisible characters + whose physical length exceeds the screen width and using incremental search. + +e. Readline prints more descriptive error messages when it encounters errors + while reading an inputrc file. + +f. Fixed a bug in the character insertion code that attempts to optimize + typeahead when it reads a character that is not bound to self-insert and + resets the key sequence state. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. BASH_COMPAT and FUNCNEST can be inherited and set from the shell's initial + environment. + +b. inherit_errexit: a new `shopt' option that, when set, causes command + substitutions to inherit the -e option. By default, those subshells disable + -e. It's enabled as part of turning on posix mode. + +c. New prompt string: PS0. Expanded and displayed by interactive shells after + reading a complete command but before executing it. + +d. Interactive shells now behave as if SIGTSTP/SIGTTIN/SIGTTOU are set to + SIG_DFL when the shell is started, so they are set to SIG_DFL in child + processes. + +e. Posix-mode shells now allow double quotes to quote the history expansion + character. + +f. OLDPWD can be inherited from the environment if it names a directory. + +g. Shells running as root no longer inherit PS4 from the environment, closing + a security hole involving PS4 expansion performing command substitution. + +h. If executing an implicit `cd' when the `autocd' option is set, bash will + now invoke a function named `cd' if one exists before executing the `cd' + builtin. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. If an incremental search string has its last character removed with DEL, + the resulting empty search string no longer matches the previous line. + +b. If readline reads a history file that begins with `#' (or the value of + the history comment character) and has enabled history timestamps, the + history entries are assumed to be delimited by timestamps. This allows + multi-line history entries. + +c. Readline now throws an error if it parses a key binding without a + terminating `:' or whitespace. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-beta, and +the previous version, bash-4.4-alpha. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed two bugs that caused out-of-bounds reads when skipping over assignment + statements while finding the word on which to perform programmable + completion. + +b. Fixed a memory leak in programmable completion. + +c. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash when interrupting the + wait builtin. + +d. Fixed a bug that caused ${!vvv@} to be interpreted as introducing the new + `@' operator. + +e. Fixed a bug that caused the && and || operators to be incorrectly optimized. + +f. The shell now undoes redirections before exiting the shell when the `-e' + option is enabled, and a shell function fails. + +g. History expansion now skips over the history expansion character in command + and process substitution. + +h. Fixed a bug that caused stray '\001' characters to be added to the output + of `declare -p'. + +i. Fixed a memory leak when processing declare commands that perform compound + array assignments. + +j. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash when reading input from a + file and the limit on open file descriptors is high. + +k. Fixed a bug that caused the ERR and RETURN traps to be unset if they were + set in a shell function but unset previously. + +l. Fixed a bug that caused several signals to be ignored if `exec' failed in + an interactive shell. + +m. A posix-mode non-interactive shell now considers a parameter expansion error + to be a fatal error. + +n. The `time' command now prints timing statistics for failed commands when + the -e option is enabled. + +o. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when attempting to indirectly + expand a shell variable with an invalid name. + +p. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when running a trap containing + a process substitution. + +q. Bash now prints the keyword `function' before a function with the same name + as a reserved word when using `declare -f' to avoid parse errors when + reusing the output as input. + +r. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when using declare -g to attempt + to redefine an existing global indexed array variable as an associative + array. + +s. Fixed a memory leak that occurred when interrupting brace expansions + generating a sequence. + +t. Fixed a bug that resulted in alias expansion in redirections. + +u. The `declare -a' and `declare -A' commands now print fewer warnings when + attempting to create and initialize an array at the same time, but + relying on word expansions to construct the compound assignment. + +v. The `help' builtin now behaves better in locales where each wide + character occupies more than one display column. + +w. The `read' builtin no longer has a possible race condition when a timeout + occurs. + +x. Fixed several expansion problems encountered when IFS="'". + +y. Fixed a problem with the expansion of $'\c?'. + +z. Bash no longer splits the expansion of here-strings, as the documentation + has always said. + +aa. Bash now puts `s' in the value of $- if the shell is reading from standard + input, as Posix requires. + +bb. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash if invoked with a NULL + environment. + +cc. The shell now only trusts an inherited value for $PWD if it begins with a + `/'. + +dd. Fixed a memory leak when creating local array variables and assigning to + them using compound assignment with the `declare' builtin. + +ee. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash when processing nested here + documents inside a command substitution. + +ff. Array keys and values are now displayed using $'...' quoting where + appropriate. + +gg. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash if the replacement string + in pattern substitution was NULL. + +hh. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash if a command substitution + contained a non-fatal syntax error. + +ii. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash if variable indirection + resulted in a NULL variable. + +jj. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash if a long string contained + multiple unterminated parameter expansion constructs. + +kk. Improved the code that acts on SIGINT received while waiting for a child + process only if the child exits due to SIGINT. + +ll. $BASH_SUBSHELL now has more consistent values in asynchronous simple + commands. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Colored completion prefixes are now displayed using a different color, less + likely to collide with files. + +b. Fixed a bug that caused vi-mode character search to misbehave when + running in callback mode. + +c. Fixed a bug that caused output to be delayed when input is coming from a + macro in vi-mode. + +d. Fixed a bug that caused the vi-mode `.' command to misbehave when redoing + a multi-key key sequence via a macro. + +e. Fixed a bug that caused problems with applications that supply their own + input function when performing completion. + +f. When read returns -1/EIO when attempting to read a key, return an error + instead of line termination back to the caller. + +g. Updated tty auditing feature based on patch from Red Hat. + +h. Fixed a bug that could cause the history library to crash on overflows + introduced by malicious editing of timestamps in the history file. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. `make install' now installs the example loadable builtins and a set of + bash headers to use when developing new loadable builtins. + +b. `enable -f' now attempts to call functions named BUILTIN_builtin_load when + loading BUILTIN, and BUILTIN_builtin_unload when deleting it. This allows + loadable builtins to run initialization and cleanup code. + +c. There is a new BASH_LOADABLES_PATH variable containing a list of directories + where the `enable -f' command looks for shared objects containing loadable + builtins. + +d. The `complete_fullquote' option to `shopt' changes filename completion to + quote all shell metacharacters in filenames and directory names. + +e. The `kill' builtin now has a `-L' option, equivalent to `-l', for + compatibility with Linux standalone versions of kill. + +4. New Features in Readline +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-alpha, and +the previous version, bash-4.3-release. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. A bug that caused pipelines to be corrupted while running the DEBUG trap + was fixed. + +b. A bug that accidentally omitted the `-R' unary operator from `test' was + fixed. + +c. A bug that could cause the shell to not restore the terminal's process + group on shell exit was fixed. + +d. Several changes were made to programmable completion to accommodate + assumptions made by the bash-completion package. + +e. Bash no longer inhibits C-style escape processing ($'...') while performing + pattern substitution word expansions. + +f. Fixed a bug that caused `return' executed from a trap handler to use the + wrong return status when one was not supplied as an argument. + +g. In Posix mode, defining a function with the same name as a special + builtin is now an error, fatal only when the shell is not interactive. + +h. Fixed a bug that caused compound array assignments to discard unset or null + variables used as subscripts, thereby making it appear as if the index was + not present. + +i. Fixed a bug that caused extended glob patterns to incorrectly match + filenames with a leading `.'. + +j. Fixed a bug involving sign extension when reallocating the input line + after a history expansion, causing segmentation faults. + +k. Bash now does a better job at identifying syntax errors during word + completion and tailoring completion appropriately. + +l. Bash now uses the current locale's decimal point in command timing output. + +m. Fixed a bug that caused segmentation faults while reading here documents if + PS2 contains a command substitution. + +n. There are several changes to how $@ is expanded when unquoted but in a + context where word splitting is not performed (e.g., on the rhs of an + assignment or in a conditional command). + +o. Bash now quotes command hash table entries that contain shell metacharacters + when displaying hash table contents. + +p. Fixed a potential file descriptor leak when dup2() fails while performing a + redirection. + +q. Fixed a bug that caused directory names evaluated during word completion to + be dequoted twice. + +r. Fixed several bugs which could result in indirect variable expansion and + namerefs creating variables with invalid names or referencing variables + set to the empty string. + +s. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not expand $0 in word expansions where it + should. + +t. Fixed a bug that caused bash to perform process substitution if <( + appeared inside an arithmetic context. + +u. Fixed a bug in extglob pattern parsing that caused slashes in the pattern + to be confused as directory names. + +v. Fixed several bugs with treatment of invisible variables (variables with + attributes that are unset because they have never been assigned values). + +w. Fixed a bug that caused the `read' builtin to not clean up readline's + state when using the -e and -t options together and the read timed out. + +x. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to exit with the wrong (but non-zero) + value if a command was not found or was not executable. + +y. Fixed a bug that caused the `time' reserved word to not be recognized as + such in all contexts where it should have been. + +z. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to close process substitution file + descriptors when executing a script without the `#!' leading line. + +aa. Fixed a typo that caused the `compat42' shell option to set the wrong + compatibility level. + +bb. The shell now handles process substitution commands with embedded + parentheses the same way as it does when parsing command substitution. + +cc. Fixed a bug that caused nested pipelines and the `lastpipe' shell option + to produce core dumps. + +dd. Fixed a bug that caused patterns containing `*' to match pathnames in cases + where slashes must be matched explicitly. + +ee. Fixed a problem with patterns containing `:' in colon-separated variables + like GLOBIGNORE. + +ff. Fixed a bug that caused indirect variable expansion using indexed arrays to + always use index 0. + +gg. Fixed a parsing problem that caused quoted newlines immediately following a + command substitution to be mishandled in certain cases. + +hh. Fixed a potential buffer overflow on systems without locale_charset or the + bash replacement. + +ii. Fixed a bug that caused background processes to modify the terminal's + process group under certain circumstances. + +jj. Asynchronous commands now always set $? to 0 and are not affected by + whether or not the command's exit status is being inverted. + +kk. Fixed a problem that caused a line ending with an escaped newline and + containingh a prior `eval' to be incorrectly parsed. + +ll. Fixed an issue with programmable completion and `!' in extglob patterns + used as arguments to `compgen -X'. + +mm. Word completion now treats the two-character token `>|' as requiring + filename expansion. + +nn. Bash no longer expands tildes in $PATH elements while in Posix mode. + +oo. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not clean up readline's state, including + the terminal settings, if it received a fatal signal while in a readline() + call (including `read -e' and `read -s'). + +pp. Fixed bug that caused importing shell functions from the environment to + execute additional commands following the function. + +qq. Fixed a bug that caused the parser to return a lookahead character pushed + back by a previous call, even when on another line. + +rr. Fixed a bug that caused many here-documents or many nested case statements + to overflow an internal stack. + +ss. Changed the way bash encodes exported functions for inclusion in the + environment to avoid name collisions with valid variable names and to + indicate that they are exported functions. + +tt. Fixed a bug that could result in an invalid memory access when processing + a here document delimited by end of file or end of string. + +uu. Fixed a bug that could cause an invalid memory access if a command was run + before initializing the job control framework. + +vv. When in Posix mode, bash prints shell function definitions as Posix + specifies them, without the leading `function' keyword. + +ww. The variable attribute display builtins no longer display variables with + invalid names that were imported from the environment. + +xx. Fixed a bug that could allow `break' or `continue' executed from shell + functions to affect loops running outside of the function. + +yy. Fixed a bug that could cause a restricted shell to attempt to import shell + functions from the environment. + +zz. The shell now allows double-quoted identifiers in arithmetic expressions. + +aaa. Fixed a bug that could allow scalar variables subscripted using [@] in + word expansions to be incorrectly quoted. + +bbb. The shell now makes sure to ignore SIGTSTP/SIGTTIN/SIGTTOU in child + processes if they were ignored at shell startup, even if job control is + in effect. + +ccc. Fixed a bug that could cause $* to be split on spaces when IFS is set to + the empty string. + +ddd. Posix says that expanding $* in a pattern context where the expansion is + double-quoted should not treat $* as if it were double quoted. + +eee. Bash now restores getopts' internal state between calls to getopts even if + a shell function declares a local copy of OPTIND. + +fff. Fixed a bug that could cause `history -r' or `history -n' to read identical + lines from the history file more than once. + +ggg. The commands executed by `bind -x' now redisplay at most the final line + of a multi-line prompt, and those commands may return 124 to indicate that + the entire prompt should be redrawn. + +hhh. Fixed a bug that could cause `mapfile' to create variables with invalid + names. + +iii. The shell only goes into debugging mode when --debugger is supplied if + the debugger initialization file is present. + +jjj. Fixed a bug that disallowed an assignment to (implicit) subscript 0 of an + existing array in a declare command that set the readonly attribute. + +kkk. Fixed a bug that inadvertently allowed assignments to FUNCNAME to disable + its special status. + +lll. Appending to an existing array variable using the compound assignment + syntax (var+=(aaa)) should not affect assignments to existing subscripts + appearing in the compound assignment. + +mmm. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash when a variable with a + null value was passed in the temporary environment and the variable's + attributes are modified using `declare' while performing a redirection. + +nnn. Fixed a bug in printf so that a missing precision specifier after a `.' + is treated as 0. + +ooo. Fixed a bug that attempted to use the internal command timing to time + pipeline components if the pipeline elements are separated by newlines. + +ppp. Fixed a bug that caused `declare -al foo=(ONE TWO THREE)' to not lowercase + the values on assignment. + +qqq. Bash does a better job of determining whether or not files are executable + when running on Windows, since the X_OK flag to access(2) is not supported. + +rrr. Fixed a bug that caused some of the shell's internal traps (e.g., ERR) to + be interrupted (and leave incorrect state) by pending SIGINTs. + +sss. Fixed a bug in the bash interface to history expansion to avoid attempting + expansion if the history expansion character occurs in a command + substitution. + +ttt. Fixed a bug that caused the select command to crash if the REPLY variable + ends up empty (e.g., if it's made readonly) + +uuu. Bash handles backslash-quoting of multibyte characters better when quoting + output that is intended to be reused. + +vvv. System-specific changes for: Windows, Cygwin. + +www. Fixes for upper and lower-casing multibyte characters, some locales have + characters whose upper and lowercase versions have different numbers of + bytes. + +xxx. Fixed a bug that caused the ERR trap in a shell function to have the + wrong value for $LINENO. + +yyy. Fixed a bug that resulted in incorrect quoting of regexps for the =~ + operator when an open brace appears without a close brace. + +zzz. Fixed a bug in the array unset operation that caused it to attempt to + parse embedded single and double quotes. + +aaaa. Fixed a bug that caused $* to not expand with the first character of + $IFS as a separator in a context where word splitting will not take + place. + +bbbb. Fixed two bugs that could cause the shell to dereference a null pointer + while attempting to print an error message from arithmetic expansion. + +cccc. Fixed a bug that resulted in short-circuited evaluation when reading + commands from a string ending in an unquoted backslash, or when sourcing + a file that ends with an unquoted backslash. + +dddd. Fixed a bug that resulted in the no-fork optimization not cleaning up + any FIFOs created by process substitution. + +eeee. If the -T option is not set, allow the source builtin and shell functions + to set a DEBUG trap that persists after the sourced file or function + returns, instead of restoring the old (unset) value unconditionally. + +ffff. Fixed a bug that caused redirections to not be undone on some syntax + errors, e.g., when parsing a command substitution. + +gggg. Bash only adds asynchronous commands to the table of background pids + whose status it remembers, to avoid it growing too large during scripts + that create and reap large numbers of child processes. This means that + `wait' no longer works on synchronous jobs, but $? can be used to get + the exit status in those cases. + +hhhh. Bash now checks whether or not a shell script argument is a directory + before trying to open it; Posix says implementations may allow open(2) + on a directory. + +iiii. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to set the terminal's process + group to a background process group when running as part of a pipeline. + +jjjj. Made a few changes to strings to avoid possible potential negative effects + caused by malicious translations. + +kkkk. Fixed a bug that caused the `unset' builtin to continue to treat its + arguments as functions after unsetting a function when invoked with no + options. + +llll. Fixed a bug that would not replace empty strings using pattern + substitution even if the pattern matched the empty string. + +mmmm. Fixed a bug with word completion that prevented some characters from + being backslash-quoted (backquote, dollar sign). + +nnnn. Fixed a bug that prevented a command from the history re-executed by the + `fc' builtin from setting verbose mode. + +oooo. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not enable and disable function + tracing with changes to the `extdebug' shell option. + +pppp. Fixed a bug that caused assignments to nameref variables pointing to + unset variables with attributes but no values to create variables with + incorrect names. + +qqqq. Fixed a bug that caused `unset' on nameref variables (without -n) to + unset the wrong variable under certain circumstances. + +rrrr. Fixed a bug that caused close braces occurring in brace expansions within + command substitutions to incorrectly terminate parameter expansions. + +ssss. Fixed a bug that caused `command -p' to temporarily alter $PATH. + +tttt. Fixed a bug that caused interactive shells compiled without job control + to return incorrect status values for child processes when running a + single command that creates enough children to use the entire PID space. + +uuuu. `esac' should not be recognized as a reserved word when it appears as the + second or later pattern in a case statement pattern list. + +vvvv. Fixed a bug that caused the completion code to read past the end of the + readline line buffer while skipping assignment statements to find the + command name. + +wwww. Fixed a bug that caused case statements within loops contained in a + command substitution to be parsed incorrectly. + +xxxx. Fixed a bug that could cause SIGCHLD handling to be delayed after + running `wait' with no arguments and interrupting it with ^C without + a trap handler installed. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. A bug that caused vi-mode `.' to be unable to redo `c', `d', and `y' + commands with modifiers was fixed. + +b. Fixed a bug that caused callback mode to dump core when reading a + multiple-key sequence (e.g., arrow keys). + +c. Fixed a bug that caused the redisplay code to erase some of the line when + using horizontal scrolling with incremental search. + +d. Readline's input handler now performs signal processing if read(2) is + interrupted by SIGALRM or SIGVTALRM. + +e. Fixed a problem with revert-all-at-newline freeing freed memory. + +f. Clarified the documentation for the history_quotes_inhibit_expansion + variable to note that it inhibits scanning for the history comment + character and that it only affects double-quoted strings. + +g. Fixed an off-by-one error in the prompt printed when performing searches. + +h. Use pselect(2), if available, to wait for input before calling read(2), so + a SIGWINCH can interrupt it, since it doesn't interrupt read(2). + +i. Some memory leaks caused by signals interrupting filename completion have + been fixed. + +j. Reading EOF twice on a non-empty line causes EOF to be returned, rather + than the partial line. This can cause partial lines to be executed on + SIGHUP, for example. + +k. Fixed a bug concerning deleting multibyte characters from the search + string while performing an incremental search. + +l. Fixed a bug with tilde expanding directory names in filename completion. + +m. Fixed a bug that did not allow binding sequences beginning with a `\'. + +n. Fixed a redisplay bug involving incorrect line wrapping when the prompt + contains a multibyte character in the last screen column. + +o. Fixed a bug that caused history expansion to disregard characters that are + documented to delimit a history event specifier without requiring `:'. + +p. Fixed a bug that could cause reading past the end of a string when reading + the value when binding the set of isearch terminators. + +q. Fixed a bug that caused readline commands that depend on knowing which + key invoked them to misbehave when dispatching key sequences that are + prefixes of other key bindings. + +r. Paren matching now works in vi insert mode. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. There is now a settable configuration #define that will cause the shell + to exit if the shell is running setuid without the -p option and setuid + to the real uid fails. + +b. Command and process substitutions now turn off the `-v' option when + executing, as other shells seem to do. + +c. The default value for the `checkhash' shell option may now be set at + compile time with a #define. + +d. The `mapfile' builtin now has a -d option to use an arbitrary character + as the record delimiter, and a -t option to strip the delimiter as + supplied with -d. + +e. The maximum number of nested recursive calls to `eval' is now settable in + config-top.h; the default is no limit. + +f. The `-p' option to declare and similar builtins will display attributes for + named variables even when those variables have not been assigned values + (which are technically unset). + +g. The maximum number of nested recursive calls to `source' is now settable + in config-top.h; the default is no limit. + +h. All builtin commands recognize the `--help' option and print a usage + summary. + +i. Bash does not allow function names containing `/' and `=' to be exported. + +j. The `ulimit' builtin has new -k (kqueues) and -P (pseudoterminals) options. + +k. The shell now allows `time ; othercommand' to time null commands. + +l. There is a new `--enable-function-import' configuration option to allow + importing shell functions from the environment; import is enabled by + default. + +m. `printf -v var ""' will now set `var' to the empty string, as if `var=""' + had been executed. + +n. GLOBIGNORE, the pattern substitution word expansion, and programmable + completion match filtering now honor the value of the `nocasematch' option. + +o. There is a new ${parameter@spec} family of operators to transform the + value of `parameter'. + +p. Bash no longer attempts to perform compound assignment if a variable on the + rhs of an assignment statement argument to `declare' has the form of a + compound assignment (e.g., w='(word)' ; declare foo=$w); compound + assignments are accepted if the variable was already declared as an array, + but with a warning. + +q. The declare builtin no longer displays array variables using the compound + assignment syntax with quotes; that will generate warnings when re-used as + input, and isn't necessary. + +r. Executing the rhs of && and || will no longer cause the shell to fork if + it's not necessary. + +s. The `local' builtin takes a new argument: `-', which will cause it to save + the single-letter shell options and restore their previous values at + function return. + +t. `complete' and `compgen' have a new `-o nosort' option, which forces + readline to not sort the completion matches. + +u. Bash now allows waiting for the most recent process substitution, since it + appears as $!. + +v. The `unset' builtin now unsets a scalar variable if it is subscripted with + a `0', analogous to the ${var[0]} expansion. + +w. `set -i' is no longer valid, as in other shells. + +x. BASH_SUBSHELL is now updated for process substitution and group commands + in pipelines, and is available with the same value when running any exit + trap. + +y. Bash now checks $INSIDE_EMACS as well as $EMACS when deciding whether or + not bash is being run in a GNU Emacs shell window. + +z. Bash now treats SIGINT received when running a non-builtin command in a + loop the way it has traditionally treated running a builtin command: + running any trap handler and breaking out of the loop. + +aa. New variable: EXECIGNORE; a colon-separate list of patterns that will + cause matching filenames to be ignored when searching for commands. + +bb. Aliases whose value ends in a shell metacharacter now expand in a way to + allow them to be `pasted' to the next token, which can potentially change + the meaning of a command (e.g., turning `&' into `&&'). + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. The history truncation code now uses the same error recovery mechanism as + the history writing code, and restores the old version of the history file + on error. The error recovery mechanism handles symlinked history files. + +b. There is a new bindable variable, `enable-bracketed-paste', which enables + support for a terminal's bracketed paste mode. + +c. The editing mode indicators can now be strings and are user-settable + (new `emacs-mode-string', `vi-cmd-mode-string' and `vi-ins-mode-string' + variables). Mode strings can contain invisible character sequences. + Setting mode strings to null strings restores the defaults. + +d. Prompt expansion adds the mode string to the last line of a multi-line + prompt (one with embedded newlines). + +e. There is a new bindable variable, `colored-completion-prefix', which, if + set, causes the common prefix of a set of possible completions to be + displayed in color. + +f. There is a new bindable command `vi-yank-pop', a vi-mode version of emacs- + mode yank-pop. + +g. The redisplay code underwent several efficiency improvements for multibyte + locales. + +h. The insert-char function attempts to batch-insert all pending typeahead + that maps to self-insert, as long as it is coming from the terminal. + +i. rl_callback_sigcleanup: a new application function that can clean up and + unset any state set by readline's callback mode. Intended to be used + after a signal. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-release, and +the previous version, bash-4.3-rc2. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Only Posix-mode shells should exit on an assignment failure in the + temporary environment preceding a special builtin. This is how it's been + documented. + +b. Fixed a bug that caused a failed special builtin to not exit a posix-mode + shell if the failing builtin was on the LHS of a && or ||. + +c. Changed the handling of unquoted backslashes in regular expressions to be + closer to bash-4.2. + +d. globstar (**) no longer traverses symbolic links that resolve to + directories. This eliminates some duplicate entries. + +e. Fixed a bug that caused a SIGCHLD trap handler to not be able to change the + SIGCHLD disposition. + +f. Fixed a bug that caused a crash when -x was enabled and a command + contained a printable multibyte (wide) character. + +g. Fixed a bug that caused an interactive shell without line editing enabled + to read invalid data after receiving a SIGINT. + +h. Fixed a bug that caused command word completion to fail if the directory in + $PATH where the completion would be found contained single or double quotes. + +i. Fixed a bug that caused a shell with -v enabled to print commands in $() + multiple times. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a bug that caused `undo' to reference freed memory or null pointers. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. The [[ -v ]] option now understands array references (foo[1]) and returns + success if the referenced element has a value. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-rc2, and the +previous version, bash-4.3-rc1. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a bug that left variables set by printf -v marked as invisible. + +b. Fixed an off-by-one error in a job control warning message. + +c. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash after declaring a nameref variable + without a value. + +d. Fixed a bug that caused asynchronous commands to not set $? correctly. + +e. Fixed a bug that caused out-of-order execution when executing aliases with + embedded newlines containing `.' commands. + +f. Fixed a bug that caused error messages generated by expansion errors in + `for' commands to have the wrong line number. + +g. Fixed a bug that caused the `wait' builtin to not be interruptible in an + interactive shell with job control enabled. + +h. Fixed a bug that caused SIGINT and SIGQUIT to not be trappable in + asynchronous subshell commands. + +i. Bash now requires that the value assigned to a nameref variable be a valid + shell identifier (variable name or array reference). + +j. Converting an existing variable to a nameref variable now turns off the + -i/-l/-u/-c attributes. + +k. Displaying a nameref variable with `declare -p' now displays the nameref + variable and its value rather than following the nameref chain. + +l. Fixed a problem with interrupt handling that caused a second and subsequent + SIGINT to be ignored by interactive shells. + +m. Fixed a bug that caused certain positional parameter and array expansions + to mishandle (discard) null positional parameters and array elements. + +n. The shell no longer blocks receipt of signals while running trap handlers + for those signals, and allows most trap handlers to be run recursively + (running trap handlers while a trap handler is executing). + +o. The shell now handles backslashes in regular expression arguments to the + [[ command's =~ operator slightly differently, resulting in more + consistent behavior. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a bug that could cause readline to crash and seg fault attempting to + expand an empty history entry. + +b. Fixed a bug that caused a bad entry in the $LS_COLORS variable to abort all + color processing but leave color enabled. + +c. Fixed a bug that caused display problems with multi-line prompts containing + invisible characters on multiple lines. + +d. Fixed a bug that caused effects made by undoing changes to a history line to + be discarded. + +3. New Features in Bash + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. When creating shared libraries on Mac OS X, the pathname written into the + library (install_name) no longer includes the minor version number. +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-rc1, and the +previous version, bash-4.3-beta2. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a bug in bash completion that caused a tilde to be expanded even if + the `direxpand' option was not enabled. + +b. Fixed a potential bug that could cause corrupted input in interactive shells + running without line editing and with `ignoreeof' enabled. + +c. Fixed a bug that could cause failures when opening pipes back to shells + created to run process substitutions. + +d. Fixed a bug that caused an assignment to TEXTDOMAIN to require TEXTDOMAINDIR + to be set in order to actually change the current text domain. + +e. Changed the way redirections are printed to avoid confusion when the target + of an output redirection is a process substitution beginning with `>'. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Shared library building is now supported on Mac OS X 10.9 (Darwin 13). + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. `cd' has a new `-@' option to browse a file's extended attributes on + systems that support O_XATTR. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. There are additional default key bindings for MinGW32 + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-beta2, and the +previous version, bash-4.3-beta. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a bug that caused assignment to an unset variable using a negative + subscript to result in a segmentation fault. + +b. Fixed a bug that caused assignment to a string variable using a negative + subscript to use the incorrect index. + +c. Fixed a bug that caused some strings to be interpreted as invalid + extended globbing expressions when used with the help builtin. + +d. Fixed a bug that caused an attempt to trap a signal whose disposition + cannot be changed to reference uninitialized memory. + +e. Command completion now skips assignment statements preceding a command + name and completes the command. + +f. Fixed a bug that caused `compgen -f' in a non-interactive shell to dump + core under certain circumstances. + +g. Fixed a bug that caused the `read -N' to misbehave when the input stream + contains 0xff. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Changed message when an incremental search fails to include "failed" in + the prompt and display the entire search string instead of just the last + matching portion. + +b. Fixed a bug that caused an arrow key typed to an incremental search prompt + to process the key sequence incorrectly. + +c. Additional key bindings for arrow keys on MinGW. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. The help builtin now attempts substring matching (as it did through + bash-4.2) if exact string matching fails. + +b. The fc builtin now interprets -0 as the current command line. + +c. Completing directory names containing shell variables now adds a trailing + slash if the expanded result is a directory. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. rl_change_environment: new application-settable variable that controls + whether or not Readline modifies the environment (currently readline + modifies only LINES and COLUMNS). + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-beta, and the +previous version, bash-4.3-alpha. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a bug in the prompt directory name "trimming" code that caused + memory corruption and garbled the results. + +b. Fixed a bug that caused single quotes that resulted from $'...' quoting + in the replacement portion of a double-quoted ${word/pat/rep} expansion + to be treated as quote characters. + +c. Fixed a bug that caused assignment statements preceding a command word to + result in assignment statements following a declaration command to not be + expanded like assignment statements. + +d. Fixed a bug with variable search order in the presence of local variables + with the same name as variables in the temporary environment supplied to + a shell function. + +e. Fixed a bug that caused constructs like 1<(2) to be interpreted as process + substitutions even in an arithmetic context. + +f. Fixed several cases where `invisible' variables (variables with attributes + but no values, which are technically unset) were treated incorrectly. + +g. Fixed a bug that caused group commands in pipelines that were not the + last element to not run the EXIT trap. + +h. Fixed a bug that caused `unset -n' to not unset a nameref variable in + certain cases. + +i. Fixed the nameref circular reference checking to be less strict and only + disallow a nameref variable with the same value as its name at the global + scope. + +j. Fixed a bug that caused trap handlers to be executed recursively, + corrupting internal data structures. + +k. Fixed a bug that could result in bash not compiling if certain options were + not enabled. + +l. Fixed a bug that caused the arithmetic expansion code to attempt variable + assignments when operator precedence prohibited them. + +m. Word expansions like ${foo##bar} now understand indirect variable references. + +n. Fixed a bug that caused `declare -fp name' to not display a function + definition. + +o. Fixed a bug that caused asynchronous child processes to modify the stdin + file pointer when bash was using it to read a script, which modified the + parent's value as well. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a bug in vi mode that caused the arrow keys to set the saved last + vi-mode command to the wrong value. + +b. Fixed a bug that caused double-quoted strings to be scanned incorrectly + when being used as the value of a readline variable assignment. + +c. Fixed a bug with vi mode that prevented `.' from repeating a command + entered on a previous line (command). + +d. Fixed a bug that could cause completion to core dump if it was interrupted + by a signal. + +e. Readline now sends the meta-key enable string to the terminal if the + terminal has been successfully initialized. + +f. Readline now calls the signal hook after resizing the terminal when it + receives a SIGWINCH. + +g. Fixed a bug that could cause the history list code to perform an out-of- + bounds array reference if the history list is empty. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. Shells started to run process substitutions now run any trap set on EXIT. + +b. There is now a configure-time option to enable the globasciiranges option + by default. + +c. The read builtin now checks its first variable argument for validity before + trying to read any input. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-alpha, +and the previous version, bash-4.2-release. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed several bugs concerning incomplete bracket expressions in filename + generation (globbing) patterns. + +b. Fixed a bug with single quotes and WORD in ${param op WORD} when running + in Posix mode. + +c. Fixed a bug that caused the pattern removal and pattern substitution word + expansions and case statement word expansion to not match the empty string. + +d. Fixed a bug that caused the tzset() function to not work after changing + the TZ environment variable. + +e. Fixed a bug that caused the RHS of an assignment statement to undergo + word splitting when it contained an unquoted $@. + +f. Fixed bugs that caused the shell to not react to a SIGINT sent while + waiting for a child process to exit. + +g. Bash doesn't try to run things in a signal handler context when it gets a + signal (SIGINT/SIGHUP/etc) while reading input using readline but still + be responsive to terminating signals. + +h. Fixed a bug that caused bash to go into an infinite loop if a filename + to be matched contained an invalid multibyte character. + +i. Fixed a bug that caused PS4 to end up being truncated if it is longer + than 128 bytes. + +j. Fixed a bug that caused brace expansion to not skip over double-quoted + command substitution. + +k. System-specific updates for: DJGPP, HP/UX, Mac OS X + +l. Fixed a bug in displaying commands that caused redirections to be associated + with the wrong part of the command. + +m. Fixed the coproc cleanup to unset the appropriate shell variables when a + coproc terminates. + +n. Fixed a bug that caused `fc' to dump core due to incorrect calculation of + the last history entry. + +o. Added workarounds for FreeBSD's implementation of faccessat/eaccess and + `test -x'. + +p. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not match patterns containing + control-A. + +q. Fixed a bug that could result in doubled error messages when the `printf' + builtin got a write error. + +r. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not correctly expand words containing + multiple consecutive quoted empty strings (""""""aa). + +s. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not correctly parse multi-line + process substitutions containing comments and quoted strings. + +t. Fixed a problem with the bash malloc's internal idea of the top of the + memory heap that resulted in incorrect decisions to try to reduce the + break and give memory back to the kernel. + +u. There are changes to the expansions performed on compound array assignments, + in an effort to make foo=( [ind1]=bar [ind2]=baz ) identical to + foo[ind1]=bar foo[ind2]=baz. + +v. Bash now reports an error if `read -a name' is used when `name' is an + existing associative array. + +w. Fixed a bug that allowed an attempted assignment to a readonly variable + in an arithmetic expression to not return failure. + +x. Fixed several bugs that caused completion functions to be invoked even when + the cursor was before the first word in the command. + +y. Fixed a bug that caused parsing a command substitution to overwrite the + parsing state associated with the complete input line. + +z. Fixed several bugs with the built-in snprintf replacement and field widths + and floating point. + +aa. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect offset calculations and input buffer + corruption when reading files longer than 2^31 bytes. + +bb. Fixed several bugs where bash performed arithmetic evaluation in contexts + where evaluation is suppressed. + +cc. Fixed a bug that caused bash to close FIFOs used for process substitution + too early when a shell function was executing, but protect against using + all file descriptors when the shell functions are invoked inside loops. + +dd. Added checks for printable (and non-printable) multibyte characters for + use in error messages. + +ee. Fixed a bug that caused ^O (operate-and-get-next) to not work correctly + at the end of the history list. + +ff. Fixed a bug that caused command-oriented history to incorrectly combine + here documents into one line. + +gg. Fixed a bug that caused importing SHELLOPTS from the environment into a + Posix-mode shell to print an error message and refuse to parse it. + +hh. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to delete an extra history entry when + using `history -s'. + +ii. Fixed a bug that caused floating-point exceptions and overflow errors + for the / and % arithmetic operators when using INTMAX_MIN and -1. + +jj. Fixed a bug that caused parsing errors when reading an arithmetic for + loop inside a command substitution. + +kk. Fixed a bug that caused a readonly function to be unset when unset was + called without the -f or -v option. + +ll. Fixed several bugs in the code that quotes characters special to regular + expressions when used in a quoted string on the RHS of the =~ operator + to the [[ command. + +mm. Fixed a bug that caused redirections to fail because the file descriptor + limit was set to a value less than 10. + +nn. Fixed a bug that caused the `read' builtin to execute code in a signal + handler context if read timed out. + +oo. Fixed a bug that caused extended globbing patterns to not match files + beginning with `.' correctly when a `.' was explicitly supplied in the + pattern. + +pp. Fixed a bug that caused key sequences longer than two characters to not + work when used with `bind -x'. + +qq. Fixed a bug that resulted in redefined functions having the wrong source + file names in BASH_SOURCE. + +rr. Fixed a bug that caused the read builtin to assign null strings to variables + when using `read -N', which caused core dumps when referenced + +ss. Fixed a bug that caused `bash -m script' to not enable job control while + running the script. + +tt. Fixed a bug that caused `printf -v var' to dump core when used with the + %b format code. + +uu. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to exit with the wrong status if -e was + active and the shell exited on a substitution error. + +vv. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to seg fault if an array variable with + the same name as an existing associative array was implicitly created by + an assignment (declare a[n]=b). + +ww. Fixed a bug that caused a redirection to misbehave if the number specified + for a file descriptor overflows an intmax_t. + +xx. Fixed several bugs with the handling of valid and invalid unicode character + values when used with the \u and \U escape sequences to printf and $'...'. + +yy. Fixed a bug that caused tildes to not be escaped in expanded filenames, + making them subject to later expansion. + +zz. When using the pattern substitution word expansion, bash now runs the + replacement string through quote removal, since it allows quotes in that + string to act as escape characters. This is not backwards compatible, so + it can be disabled by setting the bash compatibility mode to 4.2. + +aaa. Fixed the rest of the cases where the shell runs non-allowed code in a + signal handler context. + +bbb. Fixed a bug that caused spurious DEL characters (\177) to appear in + double-quoted expansion where the RHS is evaluated to the empty string. + +ccc. Fixed a bug that caused the use of the shell's internal random number + generator for temporary file names to perturb the random number + sequence. + +ddd. Fixed several bugs that caused `declare -g' to not set the right global + variables or to misbehave when declaring global indexed arrays. + +eee. Fixed a logic bug that caused extended globbing in a multibyte locale to + cause failures when using the pattern substititution word expansions. + +fff. Fixed a bug that caused the `lastpipe' option to corrupt the file + descriptor used to read the script. + +ggg. Fixed a bug that causes the shell to delete DEL characters in the + expanded value of variables used in the same quoted string as variables + that expand to nothing. + +hhh. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to assign the wrong value from an + assignment like (( x=7 )) when `x' was an existing array variable. + +iii. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to misbehave when generating sequences + and the boundary values overflow an intmax_t. + +jjj. Fixed a bug caused expansion errors if an expansion of "$@" appeared + next to another expansion (e.g.. "${@}${x}"). + +kkk. Fixed a potential buffer overflow bug when performing /dev/fd expansion. + +lll. Fixed a bug that resulted in an extra semicolon being added to compound + assignments when they were added to the history list. + +mmm. Fixed a bug that caused mapfile to read one extra line from the input. + +nnn. Fixed a bug that caused the mail checking code to use uninitialized + values. + +ooo. Fixed a bug that prevented history timestamps from being saved if the + history comment character is unset. + +ppp. Fixed a bug that caused the case-modifying expansions to not work with + multibyte characters. + +qqq. Fixed a bug that caused the edit-and-execute bindable readline command + to see the wrong data if invoked in the middle of a multi-line quoted + string. + +rrr. Fixed a bug that resulted in the shell returning the wrong exit status + for a background command on systems that recycle PIDs very quickly. + +sss. Fixed a bug that caused asynchronous group commands to not run any EXIT + trap defined in the body of the command. + +ttt. Fixed a bug that caused `eval "... ; return"' to not clean up properly. + +uuu. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core if `read' reads an escaped + IFS whitespace character. + +vvv. Fixed a bug that caused BASH_COMMAND to be set to an incorrect value when + executing a (...) subshell. + +www. Fixed a couple of pointer aliasing bugs with the token string in arithmetic + evaluation. + +xxx. Fixed a bug with parsing multi-line command substitutions when reading + the `do' keyword followed by whitespace. + +yyy. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to seg fault if the time given to the + printf %(...)T format overflowed the value accepted by localtime(3). + +zzz. Fixed a problem with displaying help topics in two columns when the + translated text contained multibyte characters. + +aaaa. Fixed a bug with the extended globbing pattern matcher where a `*' was + followed by a negated extended glob pattern. + +bbbb. Fixed a race condition with short-lived coproc creation and reaping that + caused the child process to be reaped before the various coproc shell + variables were initialized. + +cccc. Fixed a bug where turning off `errexit' in command substitution subshells + was not reflected in $SHELLOPTS. + +dddd. Partially fixed an inconsistency in how the shell treated shell + functions run from an EXIT trap. + +eeee. Fixed a bug in how the shell invalidated FIFOs used for process + substitution when executing a pipeline (once rather than in every child). + +ffff. Fixed a bug that occurred when expanding a special variable ($@, $*) + within double quotes and the expansion resulted in an empty string. + +gggg. Fixed bugs with executing a SIGCHLD trap handler to make sure that it's + executed once per exited child. + +hhhh. Fixed a bug that caused `declare' and `test' to find variables that + had been given attributes but not assigned values. Such variables are + not set. + +iiii. Fixed a bug that caused commands in process substitutions to not look in + the local temporary environment when performing word expansions. + +jjjj. Fixed several problems with globstar expansions (**/**) returning null + filenames and multiple instances of the same pathname. + +kkkk. Fixed an oversight that did not allow the exit status of `coproc' to + be inverted using `!'. + +llll. Fixed a bug that caused the -e option to be re-enabled using `set -e' + even when executing in a context where -e is ignored. + +mmmm. Fixed a (mostly theoretical) bug with input lines longer than SIZE_MAX. + +nnnn. Fixed a bug that could result in double evaluation of command + substitutions when they appear in failed redirections. + +oooo. Fixed a bug that could cause seg faults during `mapfile' callbacks if + the callback unsets the array variable mapfile is using. + +pppp. Fixed several problems with variable assignments using ${var:=value} + when the variable assignment is supposed to have side effects. + +qqqq. Fixed a bug that caused a failure of an assignment statement preceding a + builtin caused the next invocation of a special builtin to exit the shell. + +rrrr. Fixed several problems with IFS when it appears in the temporary environment + and is used in redirections. + +ssss. Fixed a problem that caused IFS changes using ${IFS:=value} to modify + how preceding expansions were split. + +tttt. Fixed a problem that caused subshells to not run an EXIT trap they set. + +uuuu. Fixed a problem that caused shells started in posix mode to attempt to + import shell functions with invalid names from the environment. We now + print a warning. + +vvvv. Worked around a kernel problem that caused SIGCHLD to interrupt open(2) + on a FIFO used for process substitution, even if the SIGCHLD handler was + installed with the SA_RESTART flag. + +wwww. Fixed a problem that resulted in inconsistent expansion of $* and ${a[*]}. + +xxxx. Fixed a problem that caused `read -t' to crash when interrupted by + SIGINT. + +yyyy. Fixed a problem that caused pattern removal to fail randomly because the + pattern matcher read beyond the end of a string. + +zzzz. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when shell functions tried to create + local shadow copies of special variables like GROUPS. + +aaaaa. Fixed a bug that caused SIGTERM to be occasionally lost by children of + interactive shells when it arrived before the child process reset the + handler from SIG_DFL. + +bbbbb. Fixed a bug that caused redirections like <&n- to leave file descriptor + n closed if executed with a builtin command. + +ccccc. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect completion quoting when completing a + word containing a globbing character with `show-all-if-ambiguous' set. + +ddddd. Fixed a bug that caused printf's %q format specifier not to quote a + tilde even if it appeared in a location where it would be subject to + tilde expansion. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a bug that did not allow the `dd', `cc', or `yy' vi editing mode + commands to work on the entire line. + +b. Fixed a bug that caused redisplay problems with prompts longer than 128 + characters and history searches. + +c. Fixed a bug that caused readline to try and run code to modify its idea + of the screen size in a signal handler context upon receiving a SIGWINCH. + +d. Fixed a bug that caused the `meta' key to be enabled beyond the duration + of an individual call top readline(). + +e. Added a workaround for a wcwidth bug in Mac OS X that caused readline's + redisplay to mishandle zero-width combining characters. + +f. Fixed a bug that caused readline to `forget' part of a key sequence when + a multiple-key sequence caused it to break out of an incremental search. + +g. Fixed bugs that caused readline to execute code in a signal handler + context if interrupted while reading from the file system during completion. + +h. Fixed a bug that caused readline to `forget' part of a key sequence when + reading an unbound multi-character key sequence. + +i. Fixed a bug that caused Readline's signal handlers to be installed beyond + the bounds of a single call to readline(). + +j. Fixed a bug that caused the `.' command to not redo the most recent `R' + command in vi mode. + +k. Fixed a bug that caused ignoring case in completion matches to result in + readline using the wrong match. + +l. Paren matching now works in vi insert mode. + +m. Fix menu-completion to make show-all-if-ambiguous and menu-complete-display-prefix + work together. + +n. Fixed a bug that didn't allow the `cc', `dd', or `yy' commands to be redone + in vi editing mode. + +o. Fixed a bug that caused the filename comparison code to not compare + multibyte characters correctly when using case-sensitive or case-mapping + comparisons. + +p. Fixed the input reading loop to call the input hook function only when there + is no terminal input available. + +q. Fixed a bug that caused binding a macro to a multi-character key sequence + where the sequence and macro value share a common prefix to not perform + the macro replacement. + +r. Fixed several redisplay errors with multibyte characters and prompts + containing invisible characters when using horizontal scrolling. + +s. Fixed a bug that caused redisplay errors when trying to overwrite + existing characters using multibyte characters. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. The `helptopic' completion action now maps to all the help topics, not just + the shell builtins. + +b. The `help' builtin no longer does prefix substring matching, so `help read' + does not match `readonly'. + +c. The shell can be compiled to not display a message about processes that + terminate due to SIGTERM. + +d. Non-interactive shells now react to the setting of checkwinsize and set + LINES and COLUMNS after a foreground job exits. + +e. There is a new shell option, `globasciiranges', which, when set to on, + forces globbing range comparisons to use character ordering as if they + were run in the C locale. + +f. There is a new shell option, `direxpand', which makes filename completion + expand variables in directory names in the way bash-4.1 did. + +g. In Posix mode, the `command' builtin does not change whether or not a + builtin it shadows is treated as an assignment builtin. + +h. The `return' and `exit' builtins accept negative exit status arguments. + +i. The word completion code checks whether or not a filename containing a + shell variable expands to a directory name and appends `/' to the word + as appropriate. The same code expands shell variables in command names + when performing command completion. + +j. In Posix mode, it is now an error to attempt to define a shell function + with the same name as a Posix special builtin. + +k. When compiled for strict Posix conformance, history expansion is disabled + by default. + +l. The history expansion character (!) does not cause history expansion when + followed by the closing quote in a double-quoted string. + +m. `complete' and its siblings compgen/compopt now takes a new `-o noquote' + option to inhibit quoting of the completions. + +n. Setting HISTSIZE to a value less than zero causes the history list to be + unlimited (setting it 0 zero disables the history list). + +o. Setting HISTFILESIZE to a value less than zero causes the history file size + to be unlimited (setting it to 0 causes the history file to be truncated + to zero size). + +p. The `read' builtin now skips NUL bytes in the input. + +q. There is a new `bind -X' option to print all key sequences bound to Unix + commands. + +r. When in Posix mode, `read' is interruptible by a trapped signal. After + running the trap handler, read returns 128+signal and throws away any + partially-read input. + +s. The command completion code skips whitespace and assignment statements + before looking for the command name word to be completed. + +t. The build process has a new mechanism for constructing separate help files + that better reflects the current set of compilation options. + +u. The -nt and -ot options to test now work with files with nanosecond + timestamp resolution. + +v. The shell saves the command history in any shell for which history is + enabled and HISTFILE is set, not just interactive shells. + +w. The shell has `nameref' variables and new -n(/+n) options to declare and + unset to use them, and a `test -R' option to test for them. + +x. The shell now allows assigning, referencing, and unsetting elements of + indexed arrays using negative subscripts (a[-1]=2, echo ${a[-1]}) which + count back from the last element of the array. + +y. The {x}<word redirection feature now allows words like {array[ind]} and + can use variables with special meanings to the shell (e.g., BASH_XTRACEFD). + +z. There is a new CHILD_MAX special shell variable; its value controls the + number of exited child statuses the shell remembers. + +aa. There is a new configuration option (--enable-direxpand-default) that + causes the `direxpand' shell option to be enabled by default. + +bb. Bash does not do anything special to ensure that the file descriptor + assigned to X in {x}<foo remains open after the block containing it + completes. + +cc. The `wait' builtin has a new `-n' option to wait for the next child to + change status. + +dd. The `printf' %(...)T format specifier now uses the current time if no + argument is supplied. + +ee. There is a new variable, BASH_COMPAT, that controls the current shell + compatibility level. + +ff. The `popd' builtin now treats additional arguments as errors. + +gg. The brace expansion code now treats a failed sequence expansion as a + simple string and will continue to expand brace terms in the remainder + of the word. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. Readline is now more responsive to SIGHUP and other fatal signals when + reading input from the terminal or performing word completion but no + longer attempts to run any not-allowable functions from a signal handler + context. + +b. There are new bindable commands to search the history for the string of + characters between the beginning of the line and the point + (history-substring-search-forward, history-substring-search-backward) + +c. Readline allows quoted strings as the values of variables when setting + them with `set'. As a side effect, trailing spaces and tabs are ignored + when setting a string variable's value. + +d. The history library creates a backup of the history file when writing it + and restores the backup on a write error. + +e. New application-settable variable: rl_filename_stat_hook: a function called + with a filename before using it in a call to stat(2). Bash uses it to + expand shell variables so things like $HOME/Downloads have a slash + appended. + +f. New bindable function `print-last-kbd-macro', prints the most-recently- + defined keyboard macro in a reusable format. + +g. New user-settable variable `colored-stats', enables use of colored text + to denote file types when displaying possible completions (colored analog + of visible-stats). + +h. New user-settable variable `keyseq-timout', acts as an inter-character + timeout when reading input or incremental search strings. + +i. New application-callable function: rl_clear_history. Clears the history list + and frees all readline-associated private data. + +j. New user-settable variable, show-mode-in-prompt, adds a characters to the + beginning of the prompt indicating the current editing mode. + +k. New application-settable variable: rl_input_available_hook; function to be + called when readline needs to check whether there is data available on its + input source. The default hook checks rl_instream. + +l. Readline calls an application-set event hook (rl_signal_event_hook) after + it gets a signal while reading input (read returns -1/EINTR but readline + does not handle the signal immediately) to allow the application to handle + or otherwise note it. Not currently called for SIGHUP or SIGTERM. + +m. If the user-settable variable `history-size' is set to a value less than + 0, the history list size is unlimited. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.2-release, +and the previous version, bash-4.2-rc2. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a bug that caused some variables to be clobbered by a longjmp, + resulting in stack corruption. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.2-rc2, +and the previous version, bash-4.2-rc1. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Changes to bash_directory_completion_hook so that it's assigned to the + readline rl_directory_rewrite_hook variable, which modifies the directory + name passed to opendir without modifying the directory name the user + typed. + +b. Fixed bug in select builtin that caused it to not terminate correctly if + the read timed out due to $TMOUT. + +c. Fixed a problem that resulted in non-repeatable sequences of random + numbers when RANDOM=0. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.2-rc1, +and the previous version, bash-4.2-beta. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a bug that caused some redirection errors to leak file descriptors. + +b. Fixed a bug that caused unary `+' and `-' arithmetic operators to have a + higher precedence than unary `!' and `~'. + +c. Fixed a bug that caused simple commands in a pipeline to affect the exit + status ($?) seen by subsequent pipeline commands. + +d. A number of cygwin-specific changes to avoid the use of text-mode files + and file access, and to make sure that \r is handled correctly. + +e. Fixed a bug that caused the read builtin to not return failure if an + attempt is made to assign to a readonly variable. + +f. Fixed a bug that caused some builtin usage messages to not be translated. + +g. Fixed a bug that caused the getopts builtin to not return failure if an + attempt is made to assign to a readonly variable. Now it returns 2. + +h. Fixed the cd and pwd builtins to return failure if PWD is readonly and + cannot be assigned to. + +i. Added code to check the return value of access(2) on Solaris systems, + since it returns success for executable tests (e.g., `test -x') when + run by root, even if the file permissions don't allow execution. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a bug that caused directory names in words to be completed to not + be dequoted correctly. + +3. New Features in Bash + +4. New Features in Readline + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.2-beta, +and the previous version, bash-4.2-alpha. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a bug that caused the \W prompt string escape to not add a closing + NULL. + +b. Fixed a bug that caused partially-quoted words that were not subject to + word splitting to retained quoted NULLs. + +c. Added considerable efficiency speedups when pattern matching in multibyte + locales by skipping multibyte character functions where possible. + +d. Added considerable speedups to variable expansion when in multibyte locales. + +e. Fixed a bug that caused the expansion of $* when there are no positional + parameters to cause the shell to dump core when used in a pattern + matching context. + +f. Fixed a bug that caused variable expansions preceding regular builtins to + not change the shell environment during their execution. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a bug that made an explicit argument of 0 to yank-last-arg behave + as if it were a negative argument. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.2-alpha, +and the previous version, bash-4.1-release. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a bug in the parser when processing alias expansions containing + quoted newlines. + +b. Fixed a memory leak in associative array expansion. + +c. Fixed a bug that caused quoted here-strings to be requoted when printed. + +d. Fixed a bug in arithmetic expansion that caused the index in an array + expansion to be evaluated twice under certain circumstances. + +e. Fixed several bugs with the expansion and display of variables that have + been given attributes but not values and are technically unset. + +f. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when using filename completion that + expands to a filename containing a globbing character. + +g. Fixed a bug that caused assignment statements preceding a special builtin + when running in Posix mode to not persist after the builtin completed + when the special builtin was executed in a shell function without any + local variables. + +h. Fixed a bug that caused a command to remain in the hash table even after + `hash command' did not find anything if there was already an existing + hashed pathname. + +i. Fixed several bugs caused by executing unsafe functions from a signal + handler in the cases where a signal handler is executed immediately + rather than setting a flag for later execution. + +j. Fixed a bug that caused some internal flag variables to be set + incorrectly if `read -t' timed out. + +k. Fixed a Posix compatibility issue by making sure that a backslash escaping + a `}' within a double-quoted ${...} parameter expansion is removed as part + of the parameter expansion. + +l. Fixed a bug that caused execution of a trap to overwrite PIPESTATUS. + +m. Fixed a bug that caused here documents to not be displayed correctly + when attached to commands inside compound commands. + +n. Fixed a bug that caused the printf builtin to use the wrong precision + when using the `*' modifier. + +o. Fixed a bug that caused an arriving SIGCHLD to interrupt output functions + like those invoked by echo or printf. + +p. Changed to use a more robust mechanism than eaccess(2) when test is + checking filenames for execution permission. + +q. Fixed a bug that caused spurious semicolons to be added into the command + history in certain cases. + +r. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to free non-allocated memory when + unsetting element 0 of an associative array after it was assigned + implicitly. + +s. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to dump core if using the `v' + vi editing command on a multi-line command. + +t. Fixed a bug that left FIFOs opened by process substitutions open long + enough to potentially cause file descriptor exhaustion when running a + shell function or shell builtin. + +u. Fixed a bug that caused the history expansion functions to not recognize + process substitution or extended glob patterns as single words. + +v. Fixed a bug that caused restricted shells to set a restricted command's + exit status incorrectly. + +w. Fixed a bug that caused bash to ignore the wrong set of filenames when + completing a command using the `complete-filename' readline command. + +x. Fixed a bug that caused a -PID argument following a -s sig or -n sig to + not be interpreted as a signal specification. + +y. Changed posix-mode behavior of a parse error in a `.' script or `eval' + command to exit the shell under Posix-specified conditions. Previous + versions printed a warning. + +z. Fixed a bug in \W prompt expansion that resulted in incorrect expansion + in the event of overlapping strings. + +aa. Fixed a bug that caused the := parameter expansion operator to return the + wrong value as the result of the expansion. + +bb. When in Posix mode, a single quote is not treated specially in a + double-quoted ${...} expansion, unless the expansion operator is + # or % or the non-Posix `//', `^', and `,'. In particular, it does + not define a new quoting context. This is from Posix interpretation 221. + +cc. Fixed a bug that inadvertently allowed program names containing slashes + to be entered into the command hash table. + +dd. Fixed a bug that caused the select builtin to incorrectly compute the + display width of the arguments in the presence of multibyte characters. + +ee. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not change the xtrace file descriptor if + BASH_XTRACEFD was found in the shell environment at startup. + +ff. Fixed a memory leak in the pattern removal parameter expansion. + +gg. Fixed a bug that caused SIGINT to fail to interrupt a nested loop if the + loop was in a pipeline. + +hh. Fixed a problem in $(...) parsing that caused the parser to add an extra + space to a here-document delimiter if the first word contained a `/'. + +ii. Fixed a bug that caused functions defined with the `function' reserved + word to require braces around the function body. + +jj. Fixed a bug that caused bash to dump core when a variable expansion being + used as an array subscript failed. + +kk. Fixed a bug that caused bash to dump core if the case-modification + expansions were used on a variable with a null value. + +ll. Fixed a bug that caused partially-quoted strings to be split incorrectly + if a variable with a null value was expanded within double quotes. + +mm. The pattern substitution word expansion has been sped up dramatically + when running in a locale with multibyte characters. + +nn. Fixed a bug that caused history -a to not write the correct lines to + the history file if all the new lines in the history list were added + since the last time the history file was read or written. + +oo. Fixed a bug that caused completion of a word with an unclosed `` command + substitution to set the prompt incorrectly. + +pp. Fixed a bug that caused extended globbing patterns in $HISTIGNORE or + $GLOBIGNORE to be incorrectly scanned. + +qq. Fixed a bug caused by closing file descriptors 3-20 on shell startup. The + shell now sets them to close-on-exec. + +rr. Fixed a bug that caused the exit status of `exec file' to be set incorrectly + if `file' was a directory. + +ss. Fixed a bug in the `.' builtin to make a non-interactive posix-mode shell + exit if the file argument to `.' is not found. Prefixing exec with + `command' makes the shell not exit. Posix requires this behavior. + +tt. Fixed a bug that caused `sh -c 'command exec; exit 1' to hang. + +uu. Fixed a bug in $(...) command substitution parsing that caused the shell + to treat backslash-newline incorrectly when parsing a comment. + +vv. Fixed bug that caused brace expansion sequence generation to misbehave + when supplied integers greater than 2**31 - 1. + +ww. Fixed a bug that caused failure to save file descriptors for redirections + to corrupt shell file descriptors. + +xx. Fixed a bug that caused bash-forward-shellword to not correctly handle + quoted strings. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a bug that caused the unconverted filename to be added to the list of + completions when the application specified filename conversion functions. + +b. Fixed a bug that caused the wrong filename to be passed to opendir when the + application has specified a filename dequoting function. + +c. Fixed a bug when repeating a character search in vi mode in the case where + there was no search to repeat. + +d. When show-all-if-ambiguous is set, the completion routines no longer insert + a common match prefix that is shorter than the text being completed. + +e. The full set of vi editing commands may now be used in callback mode. + +f. Fixed a bug that caused readline to not update its idea of the terminal + dimensions while running in `no-echo' mode. + +h. Fixed a bug that caused readline to dump core if an application called + rl_prep_terminal without setting rl_instream. + +i. Fixed a bug that caused meta-prefixed characters bound to incremental + search forward or backward to not be recognized if they were typed + subsequently. + +j. The incremental search code treats key sequences that map to the same + functions as (default) ^G, ^W, and ^Y as equivalent to those characters. + +k. Fixed a bug in menu-complete that caused it to misbehave with large + negative argument. + +l. Fixed a bug that caused vi-mode yank-last-arg to ring the bell when invoked + at the end of the line. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. `exec -a foo' now sets $0 to `foo' in an executable shell script without a + leading #!. + +b. Subshells begun to execute command substitutions or run shell functions or + builtins in subshells do not reset trap strings until a new trap is + specified. This allows $(trap) to display the caller's traps and the + trap strings to persist until a new trap is set. + +c. `trap -p' will now show signals ignored at shell startup, though their + disposition still cannot be modified. + +d. $'...', echo, and printf understand \uXXXX and \UXXXXXXXX escape sequences. + +e. declare/typeset has a new `-g' option, which creates variables in the + global scope even when run in a shell function. + +f. test/[/[[ have a new -v variable unary operator, which returns success if + `variable' has been set. + +g. Posix parsing changes to allow `! time command' and multiple consecutive + instances of `!' (which toggle) and `time' (which have no cumulative + effect). + +h. Posix change to allow `time' as a command by itself to print the elapsed + user, system, and real times for the shell and its children. + +j. $((...)) is always parsed as an arithmetic expansion first, instead of as + a potential nested command substitution, as Posix requires. + +k. A new FUNCNEST variable to allow the user to control the maximum shell + function nesting (recursive execution) level. + +l. The mapfile builtin now supplies a third argument to the callback command: + the line about to be assigned to the supplied array index. + +m. The printf builtin has a new %(fmt)T specifier, which allows time values + to use strftime-like formatting. + +n. There is a new `compat41' shell option. + +o. The cd builtin has a new Posix-mandated `-e' option. + +p. Negative subscripts to indexed arrays, previously errors, now are treated + as offsets from the maximum assigned index + 1. + +q. Negative length specifications in the ${var:offset:length} expansion, + previously errors, are now treated as offsets from the end of the variable. + +r. Parsing change to allow `time -p --'. + +s. Posix-mode parsing change to not recognize `time' as a keyword if the + following token begins with a `-'. This means no more Posix-mode + `time -p'. Posix interpretation 267. + +t. There is a new `lastpipe' shell option that runs the last command of a + pipeline in the current shell context. The lastpipe option has no + effect if job control is enabled. + +u. History expansion no longer expands the `$!' variable expansion. + +v. Posix mode shells no longer exit if a variable assignment error occurs + with an assignment preceding a command that is not a special builtin. + +w. Non-interactive mode shells exit if -u is enabled and an attempt is made + to use an unset variable with the % or # expansions, the `//', `^', or + `,' expansions, or the parameter length expansion. + +x. Posix-mode shells use the argument passed to `.' as-is if a $PATH search + fails, effectively searching the current directory. Posix-2008 change. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. The history library does not try to write the history filename in the + current directory if $HOME is unset. This closes a potential security + problem if the application does not specify a history filename. + +b. New bindable variable `completion-display-width' to set the number of + columns used when displaying completions. + +c. New bindable variable `completion-case-map' to cause case-insensitive + completion to treat `-' and `_' as identical. + +d. There are new bindable vi-mode command names to avoid readline's case- + insensitive matching not allowing them to be bound separately. + +e. New bindable variable `menu-complete-display-prefix' causes the menu + completion code to display the common prefix of the possible completions + before cycling through the list, instead of after. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.1-rc, +and the previous version, bash-4.1-beta. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a bug that caused printf to not return a partial value when it + encountered an error while converting an integer argument. + +b. Fixed a bug that caused setting one of the compatNN options to not + turn off the others. + +c. The (undocumented) --wordexp option is no longer included by default. + +d. Fixed a bug in conditional command execution that caused it to not + correctly ignore the exit status under certain circumstances. + +e. Added a configure-time check for correctly-working asprintf/snprintf. + +f. Fixed some problems with line number calculation and display when sourcing + a file in an interactive shell. + +g. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when using `declare -A foo=bar'. + +h. Fixed a bug that caused an off-by-one error when calculating the directories + to display with the PROMPT_DIRTRIM option. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a bug that caused applications using the callback interface to not + react to SIGINT (or other signals) until another character arrived. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.1-beta, +and the previous version, bash-4.1-alpha. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a bug in mapfile that caused the shell to crash if it was passed the + name of an associative array. + +b. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to incorrectly split case patterns if + they contained characters in $IFS. + +c. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to set $? to the wrong value when using + a construct ending with a variable assignment with set -x enabled and PS4 + containing a command substitution. + +d. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to read commands incorrectly if an + expansion error occurred under certain conditions in a user-specified + subshell. + +e. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to set $? incorrectly if a parse error + occurred in an evaluation context ("eval", trap command, dot script, etc.) + +f. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to attempt command substitution + completion within a single-quoted string. + +g. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to insert an extra single quote during + word completion. + +h. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash if invoked with the environment + variable EMACS having a null value. + +i. Fixed a bug that caused bash to incorrectly report the presence of new + mail in a `maildir' environment. + +j. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not recognize a here-document ending + delimiter inside a command substitution. + +k. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when a a dynamic array variable + was assigned a scalar value. + +2. Changes to Readline + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. The mapfile/readarray builtin no longer stores the commands it invokes via + callbacks in the history list. + +b. There is a new `compat40' shopt option. + +c. The < and > operators to [[ do string comparisons using the current locale + only if the compatibility level is greater than 40 (set to 41 by default). + +4. New Features in Readline + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.1-alpha, +and the previous version, bash-4.0-release. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed bugs in the parser involving new parsing of the commands contained + in command substitution when the substitution is read. + +b. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core when performing programmable + completion using a shell function. + +c. Fixed a bug in `mapfile' that caused it to invoke callbacks at the wrong + time. + +d. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core when listing jobs in the + `exit' builtin. + +e. Fixed several bugs encountered when reading subscripts in associative + array assignments and expansions. + +f. Fixed a bug that under some circumstances caused an associative array to + be converted to an indexed array. + +g. Fixed a bug that caused syntax errors and SIGINT interrupts to not set + $? to a value > 128. + +h. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to remove FIFOs associated with process + substitution inside shell functions. + +i. Fixed a bug that caused terminal attributes to not be reset when the + `read' builtin timed out. + +j. Fixed a bug in brace expansion that caused unwanted zero padding of the + expanded terms. + +k. Fixed a bug that prevented the |& construct from working as intended when + used with a simple command with additional redirections. + +l. Fixed a bug with the case statement ;& terminator that caused the shell to + dereference a NULL pointer. + +m. Fixed a bug that caused assignment statements or redirections preceding + a simple command name to inhibit alias expansion. + +n. Fixed the behavior of `set -u' to conform to the latest Posix interpretation: + every expansion of an unset variable except $@ and $* will cause the + shell to exit. + +o. Fixed a bug that caused double-quoted expansions of $* inside word + expansions like ${x#$*} to not expand properly when $IFS is empty. + +p. Fixed a bug that caused traps to set $LINENO to the wrong value when they + execute. + +q. Fixed a bug that caused off-by-one errors when computing history lines in + the `fc' builtin. + +r. Fixed a bug that caused some terminating signals to not exit the shell + quickly enough, forcing the kernel to send the signal (e.g., SIGSEGV) + multiple times. + +s. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to attempt to add empty lines to the + history list when reading here documents. + +t. Made some internal changes that dramatically speeds up sequential indexed + array access. + +u. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to write past the end of a string when + completing a double-quoted string ending in a backslash. + +v. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to replace too many characters when a + pattern match was null in a ${foo//bar} expansion. + +w. Fixed bugs in the expansion of ** that caused duplicate directory names + and the contents of the current directory to be omitted. + +x. Fixed a bug that caused $? to not be set correctly when referencing an + unset variable with set -u and set -e enabled. + +y. Fixed a bug caused by executing an external program from the DEBUG trap + while a pipeline was running. The effect was to disturb the pipeline + state, occasionally causing it to hang. + +z. Fixed a bug that caused the ** glob expansion to dump core if it + encountered an unsearchable directory. + +aa. Fixed a bug that caused `command -v' and `command -V' to not honor the + path set by the -p option. + +bb. Fixed a bug that caused brace expansion to take place too soon in some + compound array assignments. + +cc. Fixed a bug that caused programmable completion functions' changes to + READLINE_POINT to not be reflected back to readline. + +dd. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core if a trap was executed + during a shell assignment statement. + +ee. Fixed an off-by-one error when computing the number of positional + parameters for the ${@:0:n} expansion. + +ff. Fixed a problem with setting COMP_CWORD for programmable completion + functions that could leave it set to -1. + +gg. Fixed a bug that caused the ERR trap to be triggered in some cases where + `set -e' would not have caused the shell to exit. + +hh. Fixed a bug that caused changes made by `compopt' to not persist past the + completion function in which compopt was executed. + +ii. Fixed a bug that caused the list of hostname completions to not be cleared + when HOSTNAME was unset. + +jj. Fixed a bug that caused variable expansion in here documents to look in + any temporary environment. + +kk. Bash and readline can now convert file names between precomposed and + decomposed Unicode on Mac OS X ("keyboard" and file system forms, + respectively). This affects filename completion (using new + rl_filename_rewrite_hook), globbing, and readline redisplay. + +ll. The ERR and EXIT traps now see a non-zero value for $? when a parser + error after set -e has been enabled causes the shell to exit. + +mm. Fixed a bug that in brace expansion that caused zero-prefixed terms to + not contain the correct number of digits. + +nn. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to free non-allocated memory when + unsetting an associative array which had had a value implicitly assigned + to index "0". + +oo. Fixed a memory leak in the ${!prefix@} expansion. + +pp. Fixed a bug that caused printf to not correctly report all write errors. + +qq. Fixed a bug that caused single and double quotes to act as delimiters + when splitting a command line into words for programmable completion. + +rr. Fixed a bug that caused ** globbing that caused **/path/* to match every + directory, not just those matching `path'. + +ss. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core when running `help' without + arguments if the terminal width was fewer than 7 characters. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. The SIGWINCH signal handler now avoids calling the redisplay code if + one arrives while in the middle of redisplay. + +b. Changes to the timeout code to make sure that timeout values greater + than one second are handled better. + +c. Fixed a bug in the redisplay code that was triggered by a prompt + containing invisible characters exactly the width of the screen. + +d. Fixed a bug in the redisplay code encountered when running in horizontal + scroll mode. + +e. Fixed a bug that prevented menu completion from properly completing + filenames. + +f. Fixed a redisplay bug caused by a multibyte character causing a line to + wrap. + +g. Fixed a bug that caused key sequences of two characters to not be + recognized when a longer sequence identical in the first two characters + was bound. + +h. Fixed a bug that caused history expansion to be attempted on $'...' + single-quoted strings. + +i. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect redisplay when the prompt contained + multibyte characters in an `invisible' sequence bracketed by \[ and + \]. + +j. Fixed a bug that caused history expansion to short-circuit after + encountering a multibyte character. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. Here-documents within $(...) command substitutions may once more be + delimited by the closing right paren, instead of requiring a newline. + +b. Bash's file status checks (executable, readable, etc.) now take file + system ACLs into account on file systems that support them. + +c. Bash now passes environment variables with names that are not valid + shell variable names through into the environment passed to child + processes. + +d. The `execute-unix-command' readline function now attempts to clear and + reuse the current line rather than move to a new one after the command + executes. + +e. `printf -v' can now assign values to array indices. + +f. New `complete -E' and `compopt -E' options that work on the "empty" + completion: completion attempted on an empty command line. + +g. New complete/compgen/compopt -D option to define a `default' completion: + a completion to be invoked on command for which no completion has been + defined. If this function returns 124, programmable completion is + attempted again, allowing a user to dynamically build a set of completions + as completion is attempted by having the default completion function + install individual completion functions each time it is invoked. + +h. When displaying associative arrays, subscripts are now quoted. + +i. Changes to dabbrev-expand to make it more `emacs-like': no space appended + after matches, completions are not sorted, and most recent history entries + are presented first. + +j. The [[ and (( commands are now subject to the setting of `set -e' and the + ERR trap. + +k. The source/. builtin now removes NUL bytes from the file before attempting + to parse commands. + +l. There is a new configuration option (in config-top.h) that forces bash to + forward all history entries to syslog. + +m. A new variable $BASHOPTS to export shell options settable using `shopt' to + child processes. + +n. There is a new confgure option that forces the extglob option to be + enabled by default. + +o. New variable $BASH_XTRACEFD; when set to an integer bash will write xtrace + output to that file descriptor. + +p. If the optional left-hand-side of a redirection is of the form {var}, the + shell assigns the file descriptor used to $var or uses $var as the file + descriptor to move or close, depending on the redirection operator. + +q. The < and > operators to the [[ conditional command now do string + comparison according to the current locale. + +r. Programmable completion now uses the completion for `b' instead of `a' + when completion is attempted on a line like: a $(b c. + +s. Force extglob on temporarily when parsing the pattern argument to + the == and != operators to the [[ command, for compatibility. + +t. Changed the behavior of interrupting the wait builtin when a SIGCHLD is + received and a trap on SIGCHLD is set to be Posix-mode only. + +u. The read builtin has a new `-N nchars' option, which reads exactly NCHARS + characters, ignoring delimiters like newline. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. New bindable function: menu-complete-backward. + +b. In the vi insertion keymap, C-n is now bound to menu-complete by default, + and C-p to menu-complete-backward. + +c. When in vi command mode, repeatedly hitting ESC now does nothing, even + when ESC introduces a bound key sequence. This is closer to how + historical vi behaves. + +d. New bindable function: skip-csi-sequence. Can be used as a default to + consume key sequences generated by keys like Home and End without having + to bind all keys. + +e. New application-settable function: rl_filename_rewrite_hook. Can be used + to rewite or modify filenames read from the file system before they are + compared to the word to be completed. + +f. New bindable variable: skip-completed-text, active when completing in the + middle of a word. If enabled, it means that characters in the completion + that match characters in the remainder of the word are "skipped" rather + than inserted into the line. + +g. The pre-readline-6.0 version of menu completion is available as + "old-menu-complete" for users who do not like the readline-6.0 version. + +h. New bindable variable: echo-control-characters. If enabled, and the + tty ECHOCTL bit is set, controls the echoing of characters corresponding + to keyboard-generated signals. + +i. New bindable variable: enable-meta-key. Controls whether or not readline + sends the smm/rmm sequences if the terminal indicates it has a meta key + that enables eight-bit characters. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-release, +and the previous version, bash-4.0-rc1. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Changed the message printed when setlocale(3) fails to only include the + strerror error text if the call changes errno. + +b. Changed trap command execution to reset the line number before running a + trap (except DEBUG and RETURN traps). + +c. Fixed behavior of case-modifiying word expansions to not work on + individual words within a variable's value. + +d. Fixed a bug that caused mapfile to not be interruptible when run in an + interactive shell. + +e. Fixed a bug that caused mapfile to not run callbacks for the first line + read. + +f. Fixed a bug that caused mapfile to not honor EOF typed in an interactive + shell. + +g. Fixed the coprocess reaping code to not run straight from a signal handler. + +h. Fixed a bug that caused printf -b to ignore the first % conversion specifier + in the format string on 64-bit systems. + +i. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect word splitting when `:', `=', or `~' + appeared in $IFS. + +j. Fixed a bug that caused data corruption in the programmable completion code + when a shell function called from a completion aborted execution. + +k. Fixed a bug that caused the CPU usage reported by the `time' builtin to be + capped at 100%. + +l. Changed behavior of shell when -e option is in effect to reflect consensus + of Posix shell standardization working group. + +m. Fixed a bug introduced in bash-4.0-alpha that caused redirections to not + be displayed by `type' or `declare' when appearing in functions under + certain circumstances. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a bug that caused !(...) extended glob patterns to inhibit later + history expansion. + +b. Reworked the signal handling to avoid calling disallowed functions from a + signal handler. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. `readarray' is now a synonym for `mapfile'. +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-rc1, +and the previous version, bash-4.0-beta2. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a bug that caused parsing errors when a $()-style command + substitution was follwed immediately by a quoted newline. + +b. Fixed a bug that caused extended shell globbing patterns beginning with + `*(' to not work when used with pattern substitution word expansions. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-beta2, +and the previous version, bash-4.0-beta. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a bug that caused failed word expansions to set $? but not + PIPESTATUS. + +b. Changed filename completion to quote the tilde in a filename with a + leading tilde that exists in the current directory. + +c. Fixed a bug that caused a file descriptor leak when performing + redirections attached to a compound command. + +d. Fixed a bug that caused expansions of $@ and $* to not exit the shell if + the -u option was enabled and there were no posititional parameters. + +e. Fixed a bug that resulted in bash not terminating immediately if a + terminating signal was received while performing output. + +f. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash after creating 256 process + substitutions during word completion. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a bug that caused redisplay errors when using prompts with invisible + characters and numeric arguments to a command in a multibyte locale. + +b. Fixed a bug that caused redisplay errors when using prompts with invisible + characters spanning more than two physical screen lines. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-beta, +and the previous version, bash-4.0-alpha. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a typo that caused a variable to be used before initialization + while parsing Posix-style command substitutions. + +b. Fixed a bug that caused stray ^? when the expansion of a parameter used + as part of a pattern removal expansion is empty, but part of a non- + empty string. + +c. Fixed a bug that could cause strings not converted to numbers by strtol + to be treated as if the conversion had been successful. + +d. The `return' builtin now accepts no options and requires a `--' before + a negative return value, as Posix requires. + +e. Fixed a bug that caused local variables to be created with the empty + string for a value rather than no value. + +f. Changed behavior so the shell now acts as if it received an interrupt + when a pipeline is killed by SIGINT while executing a list. + +g. Fixed a bug that caused `declare var' and `typeset var' to initialize + `var' to the empty string. + +h. Changed `bind' builtin to print a warning but proceed if invoked when + line editing is not active. + +i. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to exit when the `errexit' option is + set and a command in a pipeline returns a non-zero exit status. + +j. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not run the exit trap in a command + run with `bash -c' under some circumstances. + +k. Fixed a bug that caused parser errors to occasionally not set $? when + running commands with `eval'. + +l. Fixed a bug that caused stray control characters when evaluating compound + array assignments containing $'\x7f' escapes. + +m. Fixed a bug that caused redirections involving file descriptor 10 as the + target to behave incorrectly. + +n. Fixed a bug that could cause memory to be freed multiple times when + assigning to COMP_WORDBREAKS. + +o. Fixed a bug that could cause NULL pointer dereferences when COMP_WORDBREAKS + was unset. + +2. Changes to Readline + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. A value of 0 for the -t option to `read' now returns success if there is + input available to be read from the specified file descriptor. + +b. CDPATH and GLOBIGNORE are ignored when the shell is running in privileged + mode. + +c. New bindable readline functions shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word, + which move forward and backward words delimited by shell metacharacters + and honor shell quoting. + +d. New bindable readline functions shell-backward-kill-word and shell-kill-word + which kill words backward and forward, but use the same word boundaries + as shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. If the kernel supports it, readline displays special characters + corresponding to a keyboard-generated signal when the signal is received. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-alpha, +and the previous version, bash-3.2-release. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed several bugs in old-style `` command substitution parsing, including + comment parsing and quoted string handling. + +b. Fixed problems parsing arguments to the [[ command's =~ regular expression + matching operator: metacharacter and whitespace parsing. + +c. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to inappropriately reuse high-numbered + file descriptors it used internally. + +d. Fixed a bug in pattern replacement word expansions that caused a `/' as + the first character of an expanded pattern to be mistaken for a global + replacement specifier. + +e. Fixed several problems with the asprintf and snprintf replacement functions + that caused hangs and crashes. + +f. Fixed a bug in the calculation of the current and previous job that caused + it to refer to incorrect jobs. + +g. Fixed a bug in the check for the validity of a hashed command pathname that + caused unnecessary hash table deletions and additions. + +h. Fixed a bug that caused child processes to inherit the wrong value for $!. + +i. Fixed a bug that caused `.' to fail to read and execute commands from non- + regular files such as devices or named pipes. + +j. Fixed a bug in printf formatting for the %x and %X expansions that occurred + on some systems. + +k. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when creating temporary files if + $TMPDIR named a non-writable directory. + +l. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to ignore $TMPDIR when creating temporary + files under some circumstances. + +m. Fixed a bug that caused named pipes created by process substitution to not + be cleaned up. + +n. Fixed a bug that caused HISTTIMEFORMAT to not be honored when it appeared + in the initial shell environment. + +o. Fixed several bugs in the expansion of $* and $@ (quoted and unquoted) + when IFS is null or contains non-whitespace characters; the same changes + apply to arrays subscripted with * or @. + +p. Fixed several problems with pattern substitution expansions on the + positional parameters and arrays subscripted with * or @ that occurred + when $IFS was set to the empty string. + +q. Made a change to the default locale initialization code that should + result in better behavior from the locale-aware library functions. + +r. Fixed a bug that caused compacting the jobs list to drop jobs. + +s. Fixed a bug that caused jumps back to the top-level processing loop from + a builtin command to leave the shell in an inconsistent state. + +t. Fixed a bug that caused characters that would be escaped internally to be + doubled when escaped with a backslash. + +u. Fixed the initialization of mailboxes to not cause maildirs to be read + (and stat(2) called for every message file) at shell startup. + +v. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not display $PS2 when the read builtin + reads a line continued with a backslash. + +w. Fixed a bug that caused errors in word splitting when $IFS contained + characters used for internal quoting. + +x. Fixed bugs that caused problems with output from shell builtins not being + completely displayed on some systems. + +y. Fixed a bug that caused output to be lost when a redirection is acting on + the shell's output file descriptor. + +z. Fixed bugs caused by shell builtins not checking for all write errors. + +aa. Fixed a problem that caused the shell to dump core if expansions on the + pattern passed to the pattern removal word expansions resulted in expansion + errors. + +bb. Fixed a bug that caused bash to loop infinitely after creating and + waiting for 4096 jobs. + +cc. Fixed a bug that caused bash to lose the status of a background job under + certain circumstances. + +dd. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not look in the temporary environment + when performing variable lookup under certain circumstances. + +ee. Fixed a bug that caused bash to close file descriptors greater than 10 + when they were used in redirections. + +ff. Fixed a problem that caused the shell to attempt to read from the standard + input when called as `bash -i script'. + +gg. Fixed a memory leak and variable initialization problems when the -v option + was supplied to `printf' that could cause incorrect results. + +hh. Fixed a bug that caused the `read' builtin to count bytes when the -n option + was supplied, rather than (possibly multibyte) characters. + +ii. Fixed a bug when displaying a function due to not converting the function + to an external form. + +jj. Changed job control initialization to ensure that the shell has a tty + as its controlling terminal before enabling job control. + +kk. Fixed a bug with the `test' builtin that caused it to misinterpret + arguments beginning with `-' but containing more than one character. + +ll. Fixed bug that could cause the shell to dump core in certain cases where + a command sets the SIGINT disposition to the default. + +mm. Fixed a bug in the pattern replacement (affecting both word expansion + and the `fc' builtin) that occurred when the pattern and replacement + strings were empty. + +nn. Fixed a bug that caused an arithmetic evaluation error to disable all + further evaluation. + +oo. Fixed a bug in pathname expansion that caused it to interpret backslashes + in the pathname as quoting characters. + +pp. Fixed a bug in the replacement getcwd() implementation that could cause + memory to be overwritten. + +qq. When in Posix mode, the `ulimit' builtin now uses a block size of 512 for + the `-c' and `-f' options. + +rr. Brace expansion now allows process substitutions to pass through unchanged. + +ss. Fixed a problem in the command name completion code to avoid quoting + escaped special characters twice when the command name begins with a tilde. + +tt. Fixed a problem in the printf builtin that resulted in single-byte + output for the "'" escape, even when using multibyte characters. + +uu. Fixed a bug that caused the failure exit status to be lost when redirections + attached to a compound command failed. + +vv. Fixed a bug that caused the internal random number generator to not be + re-seeded correctly when creating a subshell. + +ww. Fixed a bug that could cause the bash replacement getcwd to overwrite + memory. + +xx. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not receive SIGINT if it was sent + while the shell was waiting for a command substitution to terminate, and + make sure the exit status is correct when it does. + +yy. Fixed a bug that resulted in the second and subsequent children spawned + by a shell begun to run a command substitution being placed into the + wrong process group. + +zz. Fixed a bug that caused the results of successful tilde expansion to be + subject to pathname expansion and word splitting. + +aaa. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to hang if it encountered an + error that caused it to jump back to the top processing loop during a + command substitution or `eval' command. + +bbb. Fixed a bug that caused the `read' builtin to use the tty's attributes + instead of those of the file descriptor passed with the -u option when + processing the -n and -d options. + +ccc. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect expansion of ${array[@]:foo} if the + first character of $IFS was not whitespace. + +ddd. Fixed a bug that occurred when scanning for the ending delimiter of a + ${parameter/pat/sub} expansion. + +eee. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to inappropriately expand command + substitutions in words when expanding directory names for completion. + +fff. Fixed a bug that caused the `fc' builtin to look too far back in the + history list under certain circumstances. + +ggg. Fixed a bug that caused a shell running in Posix mode to search $PWD for + a file specified as an argument to source/. when the file was not found + in $PATH. + +hhh. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to modify the case of a command word + found via command completion when the shell was performing case- + insensitive completion. + +iii. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to search $PATH for an argument to + source/. even when it contained a `/'. + +jjj. Fixed a bug that caused brace expansion to misorder expansions when the + locale did not have a collating order like aAbBcC...zZ. + +kkk. Fixed a bug that did not allow `set +o history' to have any effect when + run in a startup file or from a sourced file. + +lll. Fixed a bug with the precedence of the ?: conditional arithmetic operator. + +mmm. Fixed a bug that caused side effects of temporary variable assignments + to persist in the shell environment. + +nnn. Fixed a bug that caused the terminal to be left in non-canonical mode + when using editing commands that invoke the an editor on the current + command line. + +ooo. Fixed a bug that caused globbing characters and characters in $IFS to not + be quoted appropriately when displaying assignment statements. + +ppp. Fixed a bug that caused the `-e' option to be inherited when sourcing a + file or evaluating a command with `eval' even if the return value of the + command was supposed to be ignored. + +qqq. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to attempt to created variables with + invalid names if such names appeared in the initial environment. + +rrr. Fixed a bug with quote removal in strings where the final character is a + backslash. + +sss. Fixed a bug that caused the effects of special variables to persist even + when the variables were unset as part of the shell reinitializing itself + to execute a shell script. + +ttt. Fixed a bug that caused the history to not be saved after `history -c' or + `history -d' was executed until a sufficient number of commands had been + saved to the history. + +uuu. Bash now parses command substitutions according to Posix rules: parsing + the command contained in $() to find the closing delimiter. + +vvv. Fixed a bug that caused traps on SIGCHLD set in a SIGCHLD handler to + not persist. + +www. Fixed a bug that didn't allow SIGCHLD to interrupt the `wait' builtin + as Posix specifies. + +xxx. Invalid numeric arguments to shell builtins no longer cause the shell to + short-circuit any executing compound command. + +yyy. Fixed a bug that caused the exit status to be lost when `break' was + used to short-circuit a loop's execution. + +zzz. Fixed a bug that caused stray ^? characters to be left in expansions of + "${array[*]}". + +aaaa. Bash now prints better error messages for here documents terminated by + EOF and for identifying the incorrect token in an invalid arithmetic + expression. + +bbbb. Fixed a bug in the variable length word expansion that caused it to + incorrectly calculate the number of multibyte characters. + +cccc. Fixed a race condition that could result in the top-level shell setting + the terminal's process group to an incorrect value if the process + group was changed by a child of a child of the shell. + +dddd. Fixed a bug that caused here documents belonging to commands within a + compound command to be displayed in a syntactially-incorrect form, which + prevented them from being re-read as input. + +eeee. The shell displays more warnings about failures to set the locale. + +ffff. Fixed a bug that caused the body of a here-document to not be saved to + the history list. + +gggg. Fixed a bug that caused configure to incorrectly conclude that FreeBSD + had /dev/fd available, resulting in problems with process substitution. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a number of redisplay errors in environments supporting multibyte + characters. + +b. Fixed bugs in vi command mode that caused motion commands to inappropriately + set the mark. + +c. When using the arrow keys in vi insertion mode, readline allows movement + beyond the current end of the line (unlike command mode). + +d. Fixed bugs that caused readline to loop when the terminal has been taken + away and reads return -1/EIO. + +e. Fixed bugs in redisplay occurring when displaying prompts containing + invisible characters. + +f. Fixed a bug that caused the completion append character to not be reset to + the default after an application-specified completion function changed it. + +g. Fixed a problem that caused incorrect positioning of the cursor while in + emacs editing mode when moving forward at the end of a line while using + a locale supporting multibyte characters. + +h. Fixed an off-by-one error that caused readline to drop every 511th + character of buffered input. + +i. Fixed a bug that resulted in SIGTERM not being caught or cleaned up. + +j. Fixed redisplay bugs caused by multiline prompts with invisible characters + or no characters following the final newline. + +k. Fixed redisplay bug caused by prompts consisting solely of invisible + characters. + +l. Fixed a bug in the code that buffers characters received very quickly in + succession which caused characters to be dropped. + +m. Fixed a bug that caused readline to reference uninitialized data structures + if it received a SIGWINCH before completing initialization. + +n. Fixed a bug that caused the vi-mode `last command' to be set incorrectly + and therefore unrepeatable. + +o. Fixed a bug that caused readline to disable echoing when it was being used + with an output file descriptor that was not a terminal. + +p. Readline now blocks SIGINT while manipulating internal data structures + during redisplay. + +q. Fixed a bug in redisplay that caused readline to segfault when pasting a + very long line (over 130,000 characters). + +r. Fixed bugs in redisplay when using prompts with no visible printing + characters. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. When using substring expansion on the positional parameters, a starting + index of 0 now causes $0 to be prefixed to the list. + +b. The `help' builtin now prints its columns with entries sorted vertically + rather than horizontally. + +c. There is a new variable, $BASHPID, which always returns the process id of + the current shell. + +d. There is a new `autocd' option that, when enabled, causes bash to attempt + to `cd' to a directory name that is supplied as the first word of a + simple command. + +e. There is a new `checkjobs' option that causes the shell to check for and + report any running or stopped jobs at exit. + +f. The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_TYPE variable, set to + a character describing the type of completion being attempted. + +g. The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_KEY variable, set to + the character that caused the completion to be invoked (e.g., TAB). + +h. If creation of a child process fails due to insufficient resources, bash + will try again several times before reporting failure. + +i. The programmable completion code now uses the same set of characters as + readline when breaking the command line into a list of words. + +j. The block multiplier for the ulimit -c and -f options is now 512 when in + Posix mode, as Posix specifies. + +k. Changed the behavior of the read builtin to save any partial input received + in the specified variable when the read builtin times out. This also + results in variables specified as arguments to read to be set to the empty + string when there is no input available. When the read builtin times out, + it returns an exit status greater than 128. + +l. The shell now has the notion of a `compatibility level', controlled by + new variables settable by `shopt'. Setting this variable currently + restores the bash-3.1 behavior when processing quoted strings on the rhs + of the `=~' operator to the `[[' command. + +m. The `ulimit' builtin now has new -b (socket buffer size) and -T (number + of threads) options. + +n. The -p option to `declare' now displays all variable values and attributes + (or function values and attributes if used with -f). + +o. There is a new `compopt' builtin that allows completion functions to modify + completion options for existing completions or the completion currently + being executed. + +p. The `read' builtin has a new -i option which inserts text into the reply + buffer when using readline. + +q. A new `-E' option to the complete builtin allows control of the default + behavior for completion on an empty line. + +r. There is now limited support for completing command name words containing + globbing characters. + +s. Changed format of internal help documentation for all builtins to roughly + follow man page format. + +t. The `help' builtin now has a new -d option, to display a short description, + and a -m option, to print help information in a man page-like format. + +u. There is a new `mapfile' builtin to populate an array with lines from a + given file. + +v. If a command is not found, the shell attempts to execute a shell function + named `command_not_found_handle', supplying the command words as the + function arguments. + +w. There is a new shell option: `globstar'. When enabled, the globbing code + treats `**' specially -- it matches all directories (and files within + them, when appropriate) recursively. + +x. There is a new shell option: `dirspell'. When enabled, the filename + completion code performs spelling correction on directory names during + completion. + +y. The `-t' option to the `read' builtin now supports fractional timeout + values. + +z. Brace expansion now allows zero-padding of expanded numeric values and + will add the proper number of zeroes to make sure all values contain the + same number of digits. + +aa. There is a new bash-specific bindable readline function: `dabbrev-expand'. + It uses menu completion on a set of words taken from the history list. + +bb. The command assigned to a key sequence with `bind -x' now sets two new + variables in the environment of the executed command: READLINE_LINE_BUFFER + and READLINE_POINT. The command can change the current readline line + and cursor position by modifying READLINE_LINE_BUFFER and READLINE_POINT, + respectively. + +cc. There is a new &>> redirection operator, which appends the standard output + and standard error to the named file. + +dd. The parser now understands `|&' as a synonym for `2>&1 |', which redirects + the standard error for a command through a pipe. + +ee. The new `;&' case statement action list terminator causes execution to + continue with the action associated with the next pattern in the + statement rather than terminating the command. + +ff. The new `;;&' case statement action list terminator causes the shell to + test the next set of patterns after completing execution of the current + action, rather than terminating the command. + +gg. The shell understands a new variable: PROMPT_DIRTRIM. When set to an + integer value greater than zero, prompt expansion of \w and \W will + retain only that number of trailing pathname components and replace + the intervening characters with `...'. + +hh. There are new case-modifying word expansions: uppercase (^[^]) and + lowercase (,[,]). They can work on either the first character or + array element, or globally. They accept an optional shell pattern + that determines which characters to modify. There is an optionally- + configured feature to include capitalization operators. + +ii. The shell provides associative array variables, with the appropriate + support to create, delete, assign values to, and expand them. + +jj. The `declare' builtin now has new -l (convert value to lowercase upon + assignment) and -u (convert value to uppercase upon assignment) options. + There is an optionally-configurable -c option to capitalize a value at + assignment. + +kk. There is a new `coproc' reserved word that specifies a coprocess: an + asynchronous command run with two pipes connected to the creating shell. + Coprocs can be named. The input and output file descriptors and the + PID of the coprocess are available to the calling shell in variables + with coproc-specific names. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. A new variable, rl_sort_completion_matches; allows applications to inhibit + match list sorting (but beware: some things don't work right if + applications do this). + +b. A new variable, rl_completion_invoking_key; allows applications to discover + the key that invoked rl_complete or rl_menu_complete. + +c. The functions rl_block_sigint and rl_release_sigint are now public and + available to calling applications who want to protect critical sections + (like redisplay). + +d. The functions rl_save_state and rl_restore_state are now public and + available to calling applications; documented rest of readline's state + flag values. + +e. A new user-settable variable, `history-size', allows setting the maximum + number of entries in the history list. + +f. There is a new implementation of menu completion, with several improvements + over the old; the most notable improvement is a better `completions + browsing' mode. + +g. The menu completion code now uses the rl_menu_completion_entry_function + variable, allowing applications to provide their own menu completion + generators. + +h. There is support for replacing a prefix of a pathname with a `...' when + displaying possible completions. This is controllable by setting the + `completion-prefix-display-length' variable. Matches with a common prefix + longer than this value have the common prefix replaced with `...'. + +i. There is a new `revert-all-at-newline' variable. If enabled, readline will + undo all outstanding changes to all history lines when `accept-line' is + executed. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.2-release, +and the previous version, bash-3.2-beta. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a bug that caused the temporary environment passed to a command to + affect the shell's environment under certain circumstances. + +b. Fixed a bug in the printf builtin that caused the %q format specifier to + ignore empty string arguments. + +c. Improved multibyte character environment detection at configuration time. + +d. Fixed a bug in the read builtin that left spurious escape characters in the + input after processing backslashes when assigning to an array variable. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a redisplay bug that occurred in multibyte-capable locales when the + prompt was one character longer than the screen width. +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.2-beta, +and the previous version, bash-3.2-alpha. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Changed the lexical analyzer to treat locale-specific blank characters as + white space. + +b. Fixed a bug in command printing to avoid confusion between redirections and + process substitution. + +c. Fixed problems with cross-compiling originating from inherited environment + variables. + +d. Added write error reporting to printf builtin. + +e. Fixed a bug in the variable expansion code that could cause a core dump in + a multi-byte locale. + +f. Fixed a bug that caused substring expansion of a null string to return + incorrect results. + +g. BASH_COMMAND now retains its previous value while executing commands as the + result of a trap, as the documentation states. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a bug with prompt redisplay in a multi-byte locale to avoid redrawing + the prompt and input line multiple times. + +b. Fixed history expansion to not be confused by here-string redirection. + +c. Readline no longer treats read errors by converting them to newlines, as + it does with EOF. This caused partial lines to be returned from readline(). + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.2-alpha, +and the previous version, bash-3.1-release. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a source bug that caused the minimal configuration to not compile. + +b. Fixed memory leaks in error handling for the `read' builtin. + +c. Changed the [[ and (( compound commands to set PIPESTATUS with their exit + status. + +d. Fixed some parsing problems with compound array assignments. + +e. Added additional configuration changes for: NetBSD (incomplete multibyte + character support) + +f. Fixed two bugs with local array variable creation when shadowing a variable + of the same name from a previous context. + +g. Fixed the `read' builtin to restore the correct set of completion functions + if a timeout occurs. + +h. Added code to defer the initialization of HISTSIZE (and its stifling of the + history list) until the history file is loaded, allowing a startup file to + override the default value. + +i. Tightened up the arithmetic expression parsing to produce better error + messages when presented with invalid operators. + +j. Fixed the cross-compilation support to build the signal list at shell + invocation rather than compile time if cross-compiling. + +k. Fixed multibyte support for non-gcc compilers (or compilers that do not + allow automatic array variable sizing based on a non-constant value). + +l. Several fixes to the code that manages the list of terminated jobs and + their exit statuses, and the list of active and recently-terminated jobs + to avoid pid aliasing/wraparound and allocation errors. + +m. Fixed a problem that allowed scripts to die due to SIGINT while waiting + for children, even when started in the background or otherwise ignoring + SIGINT. + +n. Fixed a bug that caused shells invoked as -/bin/bash from not being + recognized as login shells. + +o. Fixed a problem that caused shells in the background to give the terminal + to a process group other than the foreground shell process group. + +p. Fixed a problem with extracting the `varname' in ${#varname}. + +q. Fixed the code that handles SIGQUIT to not exit immediately -- thereby + calling functions that may not be called in a signal handler context -- + but set a flag and exit afterward (like SIGINT). + +r. Changed the brace expansion code to skip over braces that don't begin a + valid matched brace expansion construct. + +s. Fixed `typeset' and `declare' to not require that their shell function + operands to be valid shell identifiers. + +t. Changed `test' to use access(2) with a temporary uid/euid swap when testing + file attributes and running setuid, and access(2) in most other cases. + +u. Changed completion code to not attempt command name completion on a line + consisting solely of whitespace when no_empty_command_completion is set. + +v. The `hash' builtin now prints nothing in posix mode when the hash table is + empty, and prints a message to that effect to stdout instead of stderr + when not in posix mode. + +w. Fixed a bug in the extended pattern matching code that caused it to fail to + match periods with certain patterns. + +x. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core when performing filename + generation in directories with thousands of files. + +y. Returned to the original Bourne shell rules for parsing ``: no recursive + parsing of embedded quoted strings or ${...} constructs. + +z. The inheritance of the DEBUG, RETURN, and ERR traps is now dependent only + on the settings of the `functrace' and `errtrace' shell options, rather + than whether or not the shell is in debugging mode. + +aa. Fixed a problem with $HOME being converted to ~ in the expansion of + members of the DIRSTACK array. + +bb. Fixed a problem with quoted arguments to arithmetic expansions in certain + constructs. + +cc. The command word completion code now no longer returns matching directories + while searching $PATH. + +dd. Fixed a bug with zero-padding and precision handling in snprintf() + replacement. + +ee. Fixed a bug that caused the command substitution code not to take embedded + shell comments into account. + +ff. Fixed a bug that caused $((...);(...)) to be misinterpreted as an + arithmetic substitution. + +gg. Fixed a bug in the prompt expansion code that inappropriately added a + \001 before a \002 under certain circumstances. + +hh. Fixed a bug that caused `unset LANG' to not properly reset the locale + (previous versions would set the locale back to what it was when bash + was started rather than the system's "native" locale). + +ii. Fixed a bug that could cause file descriptors > 10 to not be closed even + when closed explicitly by a script. + +jj. Fixed a bug that caused single quotes to be stripped from ANSI-C quoting + inside double-quoted command substitutions. + +kk. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps when `return' was executed as the + last element of a pipeline inside a shell function. + +ll. Fixed a bug that caused DEBUG trap strings to overwrite commands stored in + the jobs list. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a problem that caused segmentation faults when using readline in + callback mode and typing consecutive DEL characters on an empty line. + +b. Fixed several redisplay problems with multibyte characters, all having to + do with the different code paths and variable meanings between single-byte + and multibyte character redisplay. + +c. Fixed a problem with key sequence translation when presented with the + sequence \M-\C-x. + +d. Fixed a problem that prevented the `a' command in vi mode from being + undone and redone properly. + +e. Fixed a problem that prevented empty inserts in vi mode from being undone + properly. + +f. Fixed a problem that caused readline to initialize with an incorrect idea + of whether or not the terminal can autowrap. + +g. Fixed output of key bindings (like bash `bind -p') to honor the setting of + convert-meta and use \e where appropriate. + +h. Changed the default filename completion function to call the filename + dequoting function if the directory completion hook isn't set. This means + that any directory completion hooks need to dequote the directory name, + since application-specific hooks need to know how the word was quoted, + even if no other changes are made. + +i. Fixed a bug with creating the prompt for a non-interactive search string + when there are non-printing characters in the primary prompt. + +j. Fixed a bug that caused prompts with invisible characters to be redrawn + multiple times in a multibyte locale. + +k. Fixed a bug that could cause the key sequence scanning code to return the + wrong function. + +l. Fixed a problem with the callback interface that caused it to fail when + using multi-character keyboard macros. + +m. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when an edited history entry was + re-executed under certain conditions. + +n. Fixed a bug that caused readline to reference freed memory when attmpting + to display a portion of the prompt. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. Changed the parameter pattern replacement functions to not anchor the + pattern at the beginning of the string if doing global replacement - that + combination doesn't make any sense. + +b. When running in `word expansion only' mode (--wordexp option), inhibit + process substitution. + +c. Loadable builtins now work on MacOS X 10.[34]. + +d. Shells running in posix mode no longer set $HOME, as POSIX requires. + +e. The code that checks for binary files being executed as shell scripts now + checks only for NUL rather than any non-printing character. + +f. Quoting the string argument to the [[ command's =~ operator now forces + string matching, as with the other pattern-matching operators. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. Calling applications can now set the keyboard timeout to 0, allowing + poll-like behavior. + +b. The value of SYS_INPUTRC (configurable at compilation time) is now used as + the default last-ditch startup file. + +c. The history file reading functions now allow windows-like \r\n line + terminators. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-release, +and the previous version, bash-3.1-rc2. + +1. Changes to Readline + +a. Several changes to the multibyte redisplay code to fix problems with + prompts containing invisible characters. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-rc2, +and the previous version, bash-3.1-rc1. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a bug that caused a DEBUG trap to overwrite a command string that's + eventually attached to a background job. + +b. Changed some code so that filenames with leading tildes with spaces in the + name aren't tilde-expanded by the bash completion code. + +c. Fixed a bug that caused the pushd builtin to fail to change to + directories with leading `-'. + +d. Fixed a small memory leak in the programmable completion code. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a redisplay bug caused by moving the cursor vertically to a line + with invisible characters in the prompt in a multibyte locale. + +b. Fixed a bug that could cause the terminal special chars to be bound in the + wrong keymap in vi mode. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. If compiled for strict POSIX conformance, LINES and COLUMNS may now + override the true terminal size. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. A new external application-controllable variable that allows the LINES + and COLUMNS environment variables to set the window size regardless of + what the kernel returns. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-rc1, +and the previous version, bash-3.1-beta1. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps due to accessing the current + pipeline while in the middle of modifying it. + +b. Fixed a bug that caused pathnames with backslashes still quoting characters + to be passed to opendir(). + +c. Command word completion now obeys the setting of completion-ignore-case. + +d. Fixed a problem with redirection that caused file descriptors greater than + 2 to be inappropriately marked as close-on-exec. + +e. In Posix mode, after `wait' is called to wait for a particular process + explicitly, that process is removed from the list of processes known to + the shell, and subsequent attempts to wait for it return errors. + +f. Fixed a bug that caused extended pattern matching to incorrectly scan + backslash-escaped pattern characters. + +g. Fixed a synchronization problem that could cause core dumps when handling + a SIGWINCH. + +h. Fixed a bug that caused an unmatched backquote to be accepted without an + error when processing here documents. + +i. Fixed a small memory leak in the `cd' builtin. + +j. Fix for MacOS X so it gets the values for the HOSTTYPE, MACHTYPE, and + OSTYPE variables at build time, to support universal binaries. + +k. Fixed a bug that could cause an exit trap to return the exit status of + the trap command rather than the status as it was before the trap was + run as the shell's exit status. + +2. New Features in Bash + +3. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a bug that caused reversing the incremental search direction to + not work correctly. + +b. Fixed the vi-mode `U' command to only undo up to the first time insert mode + was entered, as Posix specifies. + +c. Fixed a bug in the vi-mode `r' command that left the cursor in the wrong + place. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. New application-callable auxiliary function, rl_variable_value, returns + a string corresponding to a readline variable's value. + +b. When parsing inputrc files and variable binding commands, the parser + strips trailing whitespace from values assigned to boolean variables + before checking them. + + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-beta1, +and the previous version, bash-3.1-alpha1. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Added some system-specific signal names. + +b. Fixed a typo in the ulimit builtin to make `x' the right option to + manipulate the limit on file locks. + +c. Fixed a problem with using += to append to index 0 of an array variable + when not using subscript syntax. + +d. A few changes to configure.in to remove calls to obsolete or outdated + macros. + +e. Make sure changes to variables bash handles specially (e.g., LC_ALL) are + made when the variable is set in the temporary environment to a command. + +f. Make sure changes to variables bash handles specially (e.g., LC_ALL) are + made when the variable is modified using `printf -v'. + +g. The export environment is now remade on cygwin when HOME is changed, so + DLLs bash is linked against pick up the new value. This fixes problems + with tilde expansion when linking against and already-installed readline. + +h. Small fix to the logic for performing tilde expansion in posix mode, so + expansion on the right-hand side of an assignment statement takes place. + +i. Fixed a bug that prevented redirections associated with a shell function + from being executed when in a subshell. + +j. Fixed `source' and `.' builtins to not require an executable file when + searching $PATH for a file to source. + +k. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect word splitting in a function when IFS + was declared local, then unset. + +l. Fixed a problem with the `kill' builtin that prevented sending signals + to a process group under certain circumstances when providing a pid < 0. + +m. When in POSIX mode, `pwd' now checks that the value it prints is the same + directory as `.', even when displaying $PWD. + +n. Fixed a problem with the `read' builtin when reading a script from standard + input and reading data from the same file. + +o. Fixed a problem with the `type' and `command' builtins that caused absolute + pathnames to be displayed incorrectly. + +p. Some changes to the `bg' builtin for POSIX conformance. + +q. The `fc' builtin now removes the `fc' command that caused it to invoke an + editor on specified history entries from the history entirely, rather than + simply ignoring it. + +r. When in POSIX mode, the `v' command in vi editing mode simply invokes vi + on the current command, rather than checking $FCEDIT and $EDITOR. + +s. Fixed a small memory leak in the pathname canonicalization code. + +t. Fixed a bug that caused the expanded value of a $'...' string to be + incorrectly re-quoted if it occurred within a double-quoted ${...} + parameter expansion. + +u. Restored default emacs-mode key binding of M-TAB to dynamic-complete-history. + +v. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when interrupting loops running builtins + on some systems. + +w. Make sure that some of the functions bash provides replacements for are + not cpp defines. + +x. The code that scans embedded commands for the parser (`...` and $(...)) is + now more aware of embedded comments and their effect on quoted strings. + +y. Changed the `-n' option to the `history' builtin to not reset the number of + history lines read in the current session after reading the new lines from + the history file if the history is being appended when it is written to + the file, since the appending takes care of the problem that the adjustment + was intended to solve. + +z. Improved the error message displayed when a shell script fails to execute + because the environment and size of command line arguments are too large. + +aa. A small fix to make sure that $HISTCMD is evaluated whenever the shell is + saving commands to the history list, not just when HISTSIZE is defined. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. The `change-case' command now correctly changes the case of multibyte + characters. + +b. Changes to the shared library construction scripts to deal with Windows + DLL naming conventions for Cygwin. + +c. Fixed the redisplay code to avoid core dumps resulting from a poorly-timed + SIGWINCH. + +d. Fixed the non-incremental search code in vi mode to dispose of any current + undo list when copying a line from the history into the current editing + buffer. + +e. The variable assignment code now ignores whitespace at the end of lines + when assigning to boolean variables. + +f. The `C-w' binding in incremental search now understands multibyte + characters. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. A new configuration option, `--enable-strict-posix-default', which will + build bash to be POSIX conforming by default. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. If the rl_completion_query_items is set to a value < 0, readline never + asks the user whether or not to view the possible completions. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-alpha1, +and the previous version, bash-3.0-release. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a bug that caused bash to crash if referencing an unset local array. + +b. Fixed a problem that caused tilde expansion to not be performed before + attempting globbing word completion. + +c. Fixed an incompatibility so that a first argument to trap that's a valid + signal number will be trated as a signal rather than a command to execute. + +d. Fixed ${#word} expansion to correctly compute the length of a string + containing multibyte characters. + +e. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not pass the correct flags for signal + disposition to child processes. + +f. Fixed a bug that caused `fc -l' to list one too many history entries. + +g. Some fixes to `fc' for POSIX conformance. + +h. Some fixes to job status display for POSIX conformance. + +i. Fixed a bug that caused `command -v' to display output if a command was not + found -- it should be silent. + +j. In POSIX mode, `type' and `command -[vV]' do not report non-executable + files, even if the shell will attempt to execute them. + +k. Fixed a bug that caused the `==' operator to the [[ command to not attempt + extended pattern matching. + +l. Fixed the brace expansion code to handle characters whose value exceeds 128. + +m. Fixed `printf' to handle strings with a leading `\0' whose length is + non-zero. + +n. Fixed a couple of problems with brace expansion where `${' was handled + incorrectly. + +o. Fixed off-by-one error when calculating the upper bound of `offset' when + processing the ${array[@]:offset:length} expansion. + +p. System-specific configuration changes for: FreeBSD 5.x, Interix, MacOS X + 10.4, Linux 2.4+ kernels, Linux 3.x kernels, Dragonfly BSD, QNX 6.x, + Cygwin + +q. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to ignore the status of the rightmost + command in a pipeline when the `pipefail' option was enabled. + +r. Fixed a completion bug that caused core dumps when expanding a directory + name. + +s. Fixed a bug that prevented `hash -d' from removing commands from the hash + table. + +t. Fixed word splitting to avoid really bad quadratic performance when + expanding long lists. + +u. Fixed a bug that caused negative offsets in substring expansion to use the + wrong values. + +v. Fixed a bug in printf that caused it to not return failure on write errors. + +w. Fixed a bug that caused commands in subshells to not be properly timed. + +x. The shell parser no longer attempts to parse a compound assignment specially + unless in a position where an assignment statement is acceptable or parsing + arguments to a builtin that accepts assignment statements. + +y. Fixed a problem that caused a `case' statement to be added to the history + incorrectly as a single command if the `case word' was on one line and the + `in' on another. + +z. Fixed a problem that caused internal shell quoting characters to be + incorrectly quoted with backslashes under some circumstances. + +aa. The shell now performs correct word splitting when IFS contains multibyte + characters. + +bb. The mail checking code now resets the cached file information if the size + drops to 0, even if the times don't change. + +cc. A completed command name that is found in $PATH as well as the name of a + directory in the current directory no longer has a slash appended in certain + circumstances: a single instance found in $PATH when `.' is not in $PATH, + and multiple instances found in $PATH, even when `.' is in $PATH. + +dd. Incorporated tilde expansion into the word expansion code rather than as a + separately-called function, fixing some cases where it was performed + inappropriately (e.g., after the second `=' in an assignment statement or + in a double-quoted parameter expansion). + +ee. Fixed several bugs encountered when parsing compound assignment statements, + so that compound assignments appearing as arguments to builtins are no + longer double-expanded. + +ff. Fixed a bug in the command execution code that caused asynchronous commands + containing command substitutions to not put the terminal in the wrong + process group. + +gg. Bash now handles the case where the WCONTINUED flag causes waitpid() to + return -1/EINVAL at runtime as well as configuration time. + +hh. Fixed parser to generate an error when the pipeline `argument' to `!' or + `time' is NULL. + +ii. The shell now takes a little more care when manipulating file descriptors + greater than 9 with the `exec' builtin. + +jj. Fixed a bug that caused variable assignments preceding the `command' builtin + preceding a special builtin to be preserved after the command completed in + POSIX mode. + +kk. Fixed a bug that allowed variables beginning with a digit to be created. + +ll. Fixed a bug that caused a \<newline> to be removed when parsing a $'...' + construct. + +mm. A shell whose name begins with `-' will now be a restricted shell if the + remainder of the name indicates it should be restricted. + +nn. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if FUNCNAME were changed or unset + during a function's execution. + +oo. Fixed a bug that caused executing a `return' in a function to not execute + a RETURN trap. The RETURN trap is inherited by shell functions only if + function tracing is globally enabled or has been enabled for that function. + +pp. Fixed cases where var[@] was not handled exactly like var, when var is a + scalar variable. + +qq. Fixed a bug that caused the first character after a SIGINT to be discarded + under certain circumstances. + +rr. Fixed exit status code so that a suspended job returns 128+signal as its + exit status (preventing commands after it in `&&' lists from being + executed). + +ss. Fixed a bug that caused the shell parser state to be changed by executing + a shell function as a result of word completion. + +tt. Fixed a long-standing bug that caused '\177' characters in variable + values to be discarded when expanded in double-quoted strings. + +uu. Fixed a bug that caused $RANDOM to be re-seeded multiple times in a + subshell environment. + +vv. Extensive changes to the job management code to avoid the pid-reuse and + pid-aliasing problems caused by retaining the exit status of too many jobs, + but still retain as many background job statuses as POSIX requires. + +ww. Fixed a parser bug in processing \<newline> that caused things like + + ((echo 5) \ + (echo 6)) + + to not work correctly. + +xx. `pwd -P' now sets $PWD to a directory name containing no symbolic links + when in posix mode, as POSIX requires. + +yy. In posix mode, bash no longer sets $PWD to a name containing no symbolic + links if a directory is chosen from $CDPATH. + +zz. The word splitting code now treats an IFS character that is not space, + tab, or newline and any adjacent IFS white space as a single delimiter, as + SUSv3/XPG6 require. + +aaa. The `read' builtin now checks whether or not the number of fields read is + exactly the same as the number of variables instead of just assigning the + rest of the line (minus any trailing IFS white space) to the last + variable. This is what POSIX/SUS/XPG all require. + +bbb. Fixed a bug that caused `read' to always check whether or not fd 0 was a + pipe, even when reading from another file descriptor. + +ccc. Fixed a bug that caused short-circuiting of execution even if the return + value was being inverted. + +ddd. Fixed a bug that caused a core dump while decoding \W escapes in PS1 if + PWD was unset. + +eee. Fixed a bug in `read' that counted internal quoting characters for the + purposes of `read -n'. + +fff. Fixed a bug so that a function definition in a pipeline causes a child + process to be forked at the right time. + +ggg. Bash will not attempt to link against a readline library that doesn't + have rl_gnu_readline_p == 1. + +hhh. Fixed a bug that caused `read' to consume one too many characters when + reading a fixed number of characters and the Nth character is a backslash. + +iii. Fixed a bug that caused `unset' on variables in the temporary environment + to leave them set when `unset' completed. + +jjj. Fixed a bug that caused bash to close fd 2 if an `exec' failed and the + shell didn't exit. + +kkk. The completion code is more careful to not turn `/' or `///' into `//', + for those systems on which `//' has special meaning. + +lll. Fixed a bug that caused command substitution in asynchronous commands to + close the wrong file descriptors. + +mmm. The shell no longer prints status messages about terminated background + processes unless job control is active. + +nnn. Fixed a bug that prevented multiple consecutive invocations of `history -s' + from adding all the commands to the history list. + +ooo. Added a couple of changes to make arithmetic expansion more consistent in + all its contexts (still not perfect). + +ppp. Fixed a bug that caused the parser to occasionally not find the right + terminating "`" in an old-style command substitution. + +qqq. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when the shell was reading its non- + interactive input from fd 0 and fd 0 was duplicated and restored using a + combination of `exec' (to save) and redirection (to restore). + +rrr. Fixed a problem that caused loops in sourced scripts to not be cleaned + up properly when a `return' is executed. + +sss. Change internal command substitution completion function to append a slash + to directory names in the command. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a bug that caused multiliine prompts to be wrapped and displayed + incorrectly. + +b. Fixed a bug that caused ^P/^N in emacs mode to fail to display the current + line correctly. + +c. Fixed a problem in computing the number of invisible characters on the first + line of a prompt whose length exceeds the screen width. + +d. Fixed vi-mode searching so that failure preserves the current line rather + than the last line in the history list. + +e. Fixed the vi-mode `~' command (change-case) to have the correct behavior at + end-of-line when manipulating multibyte characters. + +f. Fixed the vi-mode `r' command (change-char) to have the correct behavior at + end-of-line when manipulating multibyte characters. + +g. Fixed multiple bugs in the redisplay of multibyte characters: displaying + prompts longer than the screen width containing multibyte characters, + +h. Fix the calculation of the number of physical characters in the prompt + string when it contains multibyte characters. + +i. A non-zero value for the `rl_complete_suppress_append' variable now causes + no `/' to be appended to a directory name. + +j. Fixed forward-word and backward-word to work when words contained + multibyte characters. + +k. Fixed a bug in finding the delimiter of a `?' substring when performing + history expansion in a locale that supports multibyte characters. + +l. Fixed a memory leak caused by not freeing the timestamp in a history entry. + +m. Fixed a bug that caused "\M-x" style key bindings to not obey the setting + of the `convert-meta' variable. + +n. Fixed saving and restoring primary prompt when prompting for incremental + and non-incremental searches; search prompts now display multibyte + characters correctly. + +o. Fixed a bug that caused keys originally bound to self-insert but shadowed + by a multi-character key sequence to not be inserted. + +p. Fixed code so rl_prep_term_function and rl_deprep_term_function aren't + dereferenced if NULL (matching the documentation). + +q. Extensive changes to readline to add enough state so that commands + requiring additional characters (searches, multi-key sequences, numeric + arguments, commands requiring an additional specifier character like + vi-mode change-char, etc.) work without synchronously waiting for + additional input. + +r. Lots of changes so readline builds and runs on MinGW. + +s. Readline no longer tries to modify the terminal settings when running in + callback mode. + +t. The Readline display code no longer sets the location of the last invisible + character in the prompt if the \[\] sequence is empty. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. Bash now understands LC_TIME as a special variable so that time display + tracks the current locale. + +b. BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV, BASH_SOURCE, and BASH_LINENO are no longer created + as `invisible' variables and may not be unset. + +c. In POSIX mode, if `xpg_echo' option is enabled, the `echo' builtin doesn't + try to interpret any options at all, as POSIX requires. + +d. The `bg' builtin now accepts multiple arguments, as POSIX seems to specify. + +e. Fixed vi-mode word completion and glob expansion to perform tilde + expansion. + +f. The `**' mathematic exponentiation operator is now right-associative. + +g. The `ulimit' builtin has new options: -i (max number of pending signals), + -q (max size of POSIX message queues), and -x (max number of file locks). + +h. A bare `%' once again expands to the current job when used as a job + specifier. + +i. The `+=' assignment operator (append to the value of a string or array) is + now supported for assignment statements and arguments to builtin commands + that accept assignment statements. + +j. BASH_COMMAND now preserves its value when a DEBUG trap is executed. + +k. The `gnu_errfmt' option is enabled automatically if the shell is running + in an emacs terminal window. + +l. New configuration option: --single-help-strings. Causes long help text + to be written as a single string; intended to ease translation. + +m. The COMP_WORDBREAKS variable now causes the list of word break characters + to be emptied when the variable is unset. + +n. An unquoted expansion of $* when $IFS is empty now causes the positional + parameters to be concatenated if the expansion doesn't undergo word + splitting. + +o. Bash now inherits $_ from the environment if it appears there at startup. + +p. New shell option: nocasematch. If non-zero, shell pattern matching ignores + case when used by `case' and `[[' commands. + +q. The `printf' builtin takes a new option: -v var. That causes the output + to be placed into var instead of on stdout. + +r. By default, the shell no longer reports processes dying from SIGPIPE. + +s. Bash now sets the extern variable `environ' to the export environment it + creates, so C library functions that call getenv() (and can't use the + shell-provided replacement) get current values of environment variables. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. The key sequence sent by the keypad `delete' key is now automatically + bound to delete-char. + +b. A negative argument to menu-complete now cycles backward through the + completion list. + +c. A new bindable readline variable: bind-tty-special-chars. If non-zero, + readline will bind the terminal special characters to their readline + equivalents when it's called (on by default). + +d. New bindable command: vi-rubout. Saves deleted text for possible + reinsertion, as with any vi-mode `text modification' command; `X' is bound + to this in vi command mode. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-release, +and the previous version, bash-3.0-rc1. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a boundary overrun that could cause segmentation faults when the + completion code hands an incomplete construct to the word expansion + functions. + +b. Changed posix mode behavior so that an error in a variable assignment + preceding a special builtin causes a non-interactive shell to exit. + +c. Change the directory expansion portion of the completion code to not + expand embedded command substitutions if the directory name appears in + the file system. + +d. Fixed a problem that caused `bash -r' to turn on restrictions before + reading the startup files. + +e. Fixed a problem with the default operation of the `umask' builtin. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a problem with readline saving the contents of the current line + before beginning a non-interactive search. + +b. Fixed a problem with EOF detection when using rl_event_hook. + +c. Fixed a problem with the vi mode `p' and `P' commands ignoring numeric + arguments. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-rc1, +and the previous version, bash-3.0-beta1. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect behavior when referecing element 0 of + an array using $array, element 0 was unset, and `set -u' was enabled. + +b. System-specific changes for: SCO Unix 3.2, Tandem. + +c. Fixed a bug that caused inappropriate word splitting when a variable was + expanded within a double-quoted string that also included $@. + +d. Fixed a bug that caused `pwd' to not display anything in physical mode + when the file system had changed underneath the shell. + +e. Fixed a bug in the pre- and post- increment and decrement parsing in the + expression evaluator that caused errors when the operands and corresponding + operators were separated by whitespace. + +f. Fixed a bug that caused `history -p' to add an entry to the history list, + counter to the documentation. (Keeps the history expansions invoked by + emacs-mode command line editing from doing that as well.) + +g. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if `cd' is asked to print out a + pathname longer than PATH_MAX characters. + +h. Fixed a bug that caused jobs to be put into the wrong process group under + some circumstances after enabling job control with `set -m'. + +i. `unalias' now returns failure if no alias name arguments are supplied. + +j. Documented the characters not allowed to appear in an alias name. + +k. $* is no longer expanded as if in double quotes when it appears in the + body of a here document, as the SUS seems to require. + +l. The `bashbug' script now uses a directory in $TMPDIR for exclusive + access rather than trying to guess how the underlying OS provides for + secure temporary file creation. + +m. Fixed a few problems with `cd' and `pwd' when asked to operate on pathnames + longer than PATH_MAX characters. + +n. Fixed a memory leak caused when creating multiple local array variables + with identical names. + +o. Fixed a problem with calls to getcwd() so that bash now operates better + when the full pathname to the current directory is longer than PATH_MAX + bytes. + +p. The `trap' builtin now reports an error if a single non-signal argument + is specified. + +q. Fixed a bug that caused `umask' to not work correctly when presented + with a mask of all 0s. + +r. When `getopts' reaches the end of options, OPTARG is unset, as POSIX + appears to specify. + +s. Interactive mode now depends on whether or not stdin and stderr are + connected to a tty; formerly it was stdin and stdout. POSIX requires + this. + +t. Fixed vi-mode completion to work more as POSIX specifies (e.g., doing the + right kind of filename generation). + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a problem that could cause readline to refer to freed memory when + moving between history lines while doing searches. + +b. Improvements to the code that expands and displays prompt strings + containing multibyte characters. + +c. Fixed a problem with vi-mode not correctly remembering the numeric argument + to the last `c'hange command for later use with `.'. + +d. Fixed a bug in vi-mode that caused multi-digit count arguments to work + incorrectly. + +e. Fixed a problem in vi-mode that caused the last text modification command + to not be remembered across different command lines. + +f. Fixed problems with changing characters and changing case at the end of + the line. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. The `jobs', `kill', and `wait' builtins now accept job control notation + even if job control is not enabled. + +b. The historical behavior of `trap' that allows a missing `action' argument + to cause each specified signal's handling to be reset to its default is + now only supported when `trap' is given a single non-option argument. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. When listing completions, directories have a `/' appended if the + `mark-directories' option has been enabled. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-beta1, +and the previous version, bash-3.0-alpha. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixes to build correctly when arrays are not compiled into the shell. + +b. Fixed command substitution to run any exit trap defined in the command + substitution before returning; the exit trap is not inherited from the + calling shell. + +c. Fixes to process group synchronization code so that every child process + attempts to set the terminal's process group; fixes some synchronization + problems on Linux kernels that schedule the child to always run before + the parent. + +d. Fixed processing of octal and hex constants in printf builtin for POSIX.2 + compliance. + +e. Fixed a couple of core dumps in the pattern removal code. + +f. Fixes to the array subrange extraction code to deal better with sparse + arrays. + +g. Parser errors and other errors that result in the shell exiting now cause + the exit trap to be run. + +h. Change the command substitution completion functions to not append any + closing quote, because it would be inserted a closing "`" or ")". + +i. Fix history initialization so assignments to $histchars made in startup + files are honored. + +j. If an exit trap does not contain a call to `exit', the shell now uses + the exit status of the last command executed before the trap as the exit + status of the shell. + +k. The parser now prompts with $PS2 if it reads a newline while parsing a + compound array assignment statement. + +l. When performing a compound array assignment, the parser doesn't treat + words of the form [index]=value as assignments if they're the result of + expansions. + +m. Fixed a bug that caused `return' executed in a trap command to make the + shell think it was still running the trap. + +n. Fixed the value of errno set by the pathname canonicalization functions. + +o. Changed the grammar so that `time' alone on a line times a null command + rather than being a syntax error. + +p. The pattern substitution code no longer performs quote removal on the + pattern before trying to match it, as the pattern removal functions do. + +q. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps when checking whether a quoted + command name was being completed. + +r. Fixes to the pattern removal and pattern replacement expansions to deal + with multibyte characters better (and faster). + +s. Fix to the substring expansion (${param:off[:len]}) to deal with (possibly + multibyte) characters instead of raw bytes. + +t. Fixed a bug that caused some key bindings set in an inputrc to be ignored + at shell startup. + +u. Fixed a bug that caused unsetting a local variable within a function to + not work correctly. + +v. Fixed a bug that caused invalid variables to be created when using + `read -a'. + +w. Fixed a bug that caused "$@" to expand incorrectly when used as the right + hand side of a parameter expansion such as ${word:="$@"} if the first + character of $IFS was not a space. + +x. Fixed a slight cosmetic problem when printing commands containing a + `>&word' redirection. + +y. Fixed a problem that could cause here documents to not be created correctly + if the system temporary directory did not allow writing. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Change to history expansion functions to treat `^' as equivalent to word + one, as the documentation states. + +b. Some changes to the display code to improve display and redisplay of + multibyte characters. + +c. Changes to speed up the multibyte character redisplay code. + +d. Fixed a bug in the vi-mode `E' command that caused it to skip over the + last character of a word if invoked while point was on the word's + next-to-last character. + +e. Fixed a bug that could cause incorrect filename quoting when + case-insensitive completion was enabled and the word being completed + contained backslashes quoting word break characters. + +f. Fixed a bug in redisplay triggered when the prompt string contains + invisible characters. + +g. Fixed some display (and other) bugs encountered in multibyte locales + when a non-ascii character was the last character on a line. + +h. Fixed some display bugs caused by multibyte characters in prompt strings. + +i. Fixed a problem with history expansion caused by non-whitespace characters + used as history word delimiters. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. printf builtin understands two new escape sequences: \" and \?. + +b. `echo -e' understands two new escape sequences: \" and \?. + +c. The GNU `gettext' package and libintl have been integrated; the shell's + messages can be translated into different languages. + +d. The `\W' prompt expansion now abbreviates $HOME as `~', like `\w'. + +e. The error message printed when bash cannot open a shell script supplied + as argument 1 now includes the name of the shell, to better identify + the error as coming from bash. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. New application variable, rl_completion_quote_character, set to any + quote character readline finds before it calls the application completion + function. + +b. New application variable, rl_completion_suppress_quote, settable by an + application completion function. If set to non-zero, readline does not + attempt to append a closing quote to a completed word. + +c. New application variable, rl_completion_found_quote, set to a non-zero + value if readline determines that the word to be completed is quoted. + Set before readline calls any application completion function. + +d. New function hook, rl_completion_word_break_hook, called when readline + needs to break a line into words when completion is attempted. Allows + the word break characters to vary based on position in the line. + +e. New bindable command: unix-filename-rubout. Does the same thing as + unix-word-rubout, but adds `/' to the set of word delimiters. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-alpha, +and the previous version, bash-2.05b-release. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixes so that the shell will compile without some of the default options + defined. + +b. Fixed an error message that did not pass enough arguments to printf. + +c. Fixed a bug that caused input redirection to a builtin inside a script + being read from standard input to result in the rest of the already- + read and buffered script to be discarded. + +d. Fixed a bug that caused subshell initialization to close the file + descriptor from which the shell was reading a script under certain + circumstances. + +e. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not advance a string pointer over + a null wide character when doing string operations. + +f. Fixed the internal logout code so that shells that time out waiting for + input (using $TMOUT) run ~/.bash_logout. + +g. Portability and configuration changes for: cygwin, HP/UX, GNU/FreeBSD. + +h. The parser no longer adds implicit double quotes to ((...)) arithmetic + commands. + +i. The ((...)) arithmetic command evaluation code was fixed to not dump core + when the expanded string is null. + +j. The ((...)) arithmetic command evaluation code was fixed to not perform + variable assignments while expanding the expression. + +k. Fixed a bug that caused word splitting to be performed incorrectly when + IFS is set, but null. + +l. Fixed a bug in brace expansion that caused a quoted `$' preceding an + open brace to inhibit brace expansion. + +m. Fixed a bug that caused a leading `-' in the shell's name to cause it to + not be recognized as a restricted shell. + +n. Fixed a bug in the arithmetic evaluation code that could cause longjmps + to an invalid location and result in a core dump. + +o. Fixed a bug in the calculation of how many history lines are new in a + single shell session when reading new history lines from a file with + `history -n'. + +p. Fixed a bug in pathname canonicalization that caused the shell to dump + core when presented with a pathname longer than PATH_MAX. + +q. Fixed the parser so that it doesn't try to compare a char variable to + EOF, which fails when chars are unsigned. + +r. Fixed a bug in the simple command execution code that caused occasional + core dumps. + +s. The shell does a better job of saving any partial parsing state during + operations which cause a command to be executed while a line is being + entered and parsed. + +t. The completion code now splits words more like the expansion code when + $IFS is used to split. + +u. The locale code does a better job of recomputing the various locale + variable values when LC_ALL is unset. + +v. The programmable completion code does a better job of dequoting expanded + word lists before comparing them against the word to be matched. + +w. The shell no longer seg faults if the expanded value of $PS4 is null + and `set -x' is enabled. + +x. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when a here string expanded to NULL. + +y. The mail checking code now makes sure the mailbox is bigger before + reporting the existence of new mail. + +z. The parser does not try to expand $'...' and $"..." when the appear + within double quotes unless the `extquote' option has been enabled with + `shopt'. For backwards compatibility, it is enabled by default. + +aa. Fixed a bug that caused `for x; do ...' and `select x; do ... to use + $@ instead of "$@" for the implicit list of arguments. + +bb. Fixed a bug that caused a subshell of a restricted shell (e.g., one + spawned to execute a pipeline) to not exit immediately if attempting + to use a command containing a slash. + +cc. Fixed a problem with empty replacements for a pattern that doesn't match + when performing ${param/word/} expansion. + +dd. Word expansions performed while expanding redirections no longer search + a command's temporary environment to expand variable values. + +ee. Improvements to the alias expansion code when expanding subsequent words + because an aliase's value ends with a space. + +ff. `cd -' now prints the current working directory after a successful chdir + even when the shell is not interactive, as the standard requires. + +gg. The shell does a better job of ensuring a child process dies of SIGINT + before resending SIGINT to itself. + +hh. The arithmetic expansion variable assignment code now does the right + thing when assigning to `special' variables like OPTIND. + +ii. When history expansion verification is enabled, the bash readline helper + functions that do history expansion on the current line don't print + the results. + +jj. Fixed bugs with multiple consecutive alias expansion when one of the + expansions ends with a space. + +kk. Fixed a problem in the programmable completion code that could cause core + dumps when trying to initialize a set of possible completions from a + list of variables. + +ll. The \[ and \] escape characters are now ignored when decoding the prompt + string if the shell is started with editing disabled. + +mm. Fixed a bug that could leave extra characters in a string when doing + quoted null character removal. + +nn. Command substitution and other subshell operations no longer reset the + line number (aids the bash debugger). + +oo. Better line number management when executing simple commands, conditional + commands, for commands, and select commands. + +pp. The globbing code now uses malloc, with its better failure properties, + rather than alloca(). + +qq. Fixed a bug that caused expansions like #{a[2]:=value} to create the + appropriate array element instead of a variable named `a[2]'. + +rr. Fixed a bug in the handling of a `?(...)' pattern immediately following + a `*' when extglob is enabled. + +ss. Fixed a bug that caused a `return' invoked in an exit trap when exit is + invoked in a function to misbehave. + +tt. Fixed a bug that caused CTLESC and CTLNUL characters to not be escaped + by the internal shell string quoting functions. + +uu. Fixed a bug that caused quoted null characters in an expanded word list + to be inappropriately assigned to an array variable when using `read -a'. + +vv. Fixed a bug that caused redirections accompanying a null command to persist + in the current shell. + +ww. Fixed a bug that caused the prompt to be printed when the shell was + expanding a multiline alias. + +xx. Fixed a bug that resulted in core dumps when the completion for a command + changed the compspec. + +yy. Fixed a bug that caused evaluation of programmable completions to print + notifications of completed jobs. + +zz. Bash now disables line editing when $EMACS == `t' and $TERM == `dumb' + (which is what emacs shell windows do). + +aaa. In posix mode, `kill -l' causes signal names to be displayed without + a leading `SIG'. + +bbb. Clear error flag on standard output so it doesn't persist across multiple + builtin commands. + +ccc. In posix mode, `alias' displays alias values without the leading `alias', + so the output cannot be used as subsequent input. + +ddd. In posix mode, the `trap' builtin doesn't check whether or not its + first argument is a signal specification and revert the signal handling + to its original disposition if it is. + +eee. Fixed several bugs in the handling of "$*" and "${array[*]}" by the + pattern substitution and removal expansions. + +fff. Fixed several problems with the handling of ${array[@]}, ${array[*]}, + $@, and $* by the indirect variable expansion code. + +ggg. Fixed a bug that did not allow `time' to be aliased. + +hhh. Improved the mail checking code so it won't check (and possibly cause an + NFS file system mount) until MAILPATH or MAIL is given a value -- there + is no default if DEFAULT_MAIL_DIRECTORY is not defined at compile time. + (It is computed by configure, but can be #undef'd in config-bot.h.) + +iii. If the `chkwinsize' option is enabled, the shell checks for window size + changes if a child process exits due to a signal. + +jjj. Removed the attempts to avoid adding a slash at the end of a completed + executable name if there was a directory with the same name in the + current directory. + +kkk. Fixed PATH lookup code so it treats the permission bits separately for + owner, group, and other, rather than checking them all. + +lll. Fixed the locale code to reset the parser's idea of the character class + <blank>, which controls how it splits tokens, when the locale changes. + +mmm. The shell now binds its special readline functions and key bindings only + if the user's inputrc file has not already bound them. + +nnn. The shell now reports on processes that dump core due to signals when + invoked as `-c command'. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixes to avoid core dumps because of null pointer references in the + multibyte character code. + +b. Fix to avoid infinite recursion caused by certain key combinations. + +c. Fixed a bug that caused the vi-mode `last command' to be set incorrectly. + +d. Readline no longer tries to read ahead more than one line of input, even + when more is available. + +e. Fixed the code that adjusts the point to not mishandle null wide + characters. + +f. Fixed a bug in the history expansion `g' modifier that caused it to skip + every other match. + +g. Fixed a bug that caused the prompt to overwrite previous output when the + output doesn't contain a newline and the locale supports multibyte + characters. This same change fixes the problem of readline redisplay + slowing down dramatically as the line gets longer in multibyte locales. + +h. History traversal with arrow keys in vi insertion mode causes the cursor + to be placed at the end of the new line, like in emacs mode. + +i. The locale initialization code does a better job of using the right + precedence and defaulting when checking the appropriate environment + variables. + +j. Fixed the history word tokenizer to handle <( and >( better when used as + part of bash. + +k. The overwrite mode code received several bug fixes to improve undo. + +l. Many speedups to the multibyte character redisplay code. + +m. The callback character reading interface should not hang waiting to read + keyboard input. + +n. Fixed a bug with redoing vi-mode `s' command. + +o. The code that initializes the terminal tracks changes made to the terminal + special characters with stty(1) (or equivalent), so that these changes + are reflected in the readline bindings. New application-callable function + to make it work: rl_tty_unset_default_bindings(). + +p. Fixed a bug that could cause garbage to be inserted in the buffer when + changing character case in vi mode when using a multibyte locale. + +q. Fixed a bug in the redisplay code that caused problems on systems + supporting multibyte characters when moving between history lines when the + new line has more glyphs but fewer bytes. + +r. Undo and redo now work better after exiting vi insertion mode. + +s. Make sure system calls are restarted after a SIGWINCH is received using + SA_RESTART. + +t. Improvements to the code that displays possible completions when using + multibyte characters. + +u. Fixed a problem when parsing nested if statements in inputrc files. + +v. The completer now takes multibyte characters into account when looking for + quoted substrings on which to perform completion. + +w. The history search functions now perform better bounds checking on the + history list. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. ANSI string expansion now implements the \x{hexdigits} escape. + +b. There is a new loadable `strftime' builtin. + +c. New variable, COMP_WORDBREAKS, which controls the readline completer's + idea of word break characters. + +d. The `type' builtin no longer reports on aliases unless alias expansion + will actually be performed. + +e. HISTCONTROL is now a colon-separated list of values, which permits + more extensibility and backwards compatibility. + +f. HISTCONTROL may now include the `erasedups' option, which causes all lines + matching a line being added to be removed from the history list. + +g. `configure' has a new `--enable-multibyte' argument that permits multibyte + character support to be disabled even on systems that support it. + +h. New variables to support the bash debugger: BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV, + BASH_SOURCE, BASH_LINENO, BASH_SUBSHELL, BASH_EXECUTION_STRING, + BASH_COMMAND + +i. FUNCNAME has been changed to support the debugger: it's now an array + variable. + +j. for, case, select, arithmetic commands now keep line number information + for the debugger. + +k. There is a new `RETURN' trap executed when a function or sourced script + returns (not inherited child processes; inherited by command substitution + if function tracing is enabled and the debugger is active). + +l. New invocation option: --debugger. Enables debugging and turns on new + `extdebug' shell option. + +m. New `functrace' and `errtrace' options to `set -o' cause DEBUG and ERR + traps, respectively, to be inherited by shell functions. Equivalent to + `set -T' and `set -E' respectively. The `functrace' option also controls + whether or not the DEBUG trap is inherited by sourced scripts. + +n. The DEBUG trap is run before binding the variable and running the action + list in a `for' command, binding the selection variable and running the + query in a `select' command, and before attempting a match in a `case' + command. + +o. New `--enable-debugger' option to `configure' to compile in the debugger + support code. + +p. `declare -F' now prints out extra line number and source file information + if the `extdebug' option is set. + +q. If `extdebug' is enabled, a non-zero return value from a DEBUG trap causes + the next command to be skipped, and a return value of 2 while in a + function or sourced script forces a `return'. + +r. New `caller' builtin to provide a call stack for the bash debugger. + +s. The DEBUG trap is run just before the first command in a function body is + executed, for the debugger. + +t. `for', `select', and `case' command heads are printed when `set -x' is + enabled. + +u. There is a new {x..y} brace expansion, which is shorthand for {x.x+1, + x+2,...,y}. x and y can be integers or single characters; the sequence + may ascend or descend; the increment is always 1. + +v. New ksh93-like ${!array[@]} expansion, expands to all the keys (indices) + of array. + +w. New `force_fignore' shopt option; if enabled, suffixes specified by + FIGNORE cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even + if they're the only possibilities. + +x. New `gnu_errfmt' shopt option; if enabled, error messages follow the `gnu + style' (filename:lineno:message) format. + +y. New `-o bashdefault' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes the + whole set of bash completions to be performed if the compspec doesn't + result in a match. + +z. New `-o plusdirs' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes directory + name completion to be performed and the results added to the rest of the + possible completions. + +aa. `kill' is available as a builtin even when the shell is built without + job control. + +bb. New HISTTIMEFORMAT variable; value is a format string to pass to + strftime(3). If set and not null, the `history' builtin prints out + timestamp information according to the specified format when displaying + history entries. If set, bash tells the history library to write out + timestamp information when the history file is written. + +cc. The [[ ... ]] command has a new binary `=~' operator that performs + extended regular expression (egrep-like) matching. + +dd. `configure' has a new `--enable-cond-regexp' option (enabled by default) + to enable the =~ operator and regexp matching in [[ ... ]]. + +ee. Subexpressions matched by the =~ operator are placed in the new + BASH_REMATCH array variable. + +ff. New `failglob' option that causes an expansion error when pathname + expansion fails to produce a match. + +gg. New `set -o pipefail' option that causes a pipeline to return a failure + status if any of the processes in the pipeline fail, not just the last + one. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. History expansion has a new `a' modifier equivalent to the `g' modifier + for compatibility with the BSD csh. + +b. History expansion has a new `G' modifier equivalent to the BSD csh `g' + modifier, which performs a substitution once per word. + +c. All non-incremental search operations may now undo the operation of + replacing the current line with the history line. + +d. The text inserted by an `a' command in vi mode can be reinserted with + `.'. + +e. New bindable variable, `show-all-if-unmodified'. If set, the readline + completer will list possible completions immediately if there is more + than one completion and partial completion cannot be performed. + +f. There is a new application-callable `free_history_entry()' function. + +g. History list entries now contain timestamp information; the history file + functions know how to read and write timestamp information associated + with each entry. + +h. Four new key binding functions have been added: + + rl_bind_key_if_unbound() + rl_bind_key_if_unbound_in_map() + rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound() + rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound_in_map() + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-release, +and the previous version, bash-2.05b-beta2. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed an off-by-one error in the function that translates job + specifications. + +b. Note that we're running under Emacs and disable line editing if + $EMACS == `t'. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-beta2, +and the previous version, bash-2.05b-beta1. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed the /= and %= arithmetic operators to catch division by zero. + +b. Added putenv, setenv, unsetenv to getenv replacement for completeness. + +c. Fixed a bug that could cause the -O expand_aliases invocation option + to not take effect. + +d. Fixed a problem with process substitution that resulted in incorrect + behavior when the number of process substitutions in an individual + command approached 64. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a problem with backward-char-search when on a system with support + for multibyte characters when running in a locale without any multibyte + characters. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-beta1, +and the previous version, bash-2.05b-alpha1. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a problem when parsing a POSIX.2 character class name while + evaluating a bracket expression containing multibyte characters. + +b. Changed the help text for `bind' to make it clear that any command + that may be placed in ~/.inputrc is a valid argument to `bind'. + +c. Added `help' builtin entries for `((', `[[', and arithmetic for. + +d. malloc updated again: + o slightly better overflow and underflow detection by putting the + chunk size at the beginning and end of the chunk and making + sure they match in free/realloc + o partial page allocated to make things page-aligned no longer + completely wasted + o block coalescing now enabled by default + o splitting and coalescing enabled for 32-byte chunks, the most + common size requested + o fixed a problem that resulted in spurious underflow messages and + aborts + o bin sizes are precomputed and stored in an array rather than + being computed at run time + o malloc will return memory blocks back to the system if the block + being freed is at the top of the heap and of sufficient size to + make it worthwhile + o malloc/free/realloc now inline memset instead of calling the + libc function; uses Duff's device for good performance + +e. Check for getservent(); make the service name completion code dependent + on its presence. + +f. Changed the readline callback that executes a command bound to a key + sequence to not save the executed command on the history list and to + save and restore the parsing state. + +g. Changes to lib/sh/snprintf.c: fixed some bugs in the `g' and `G' + floating point format display; implemented the "'" flag character + that turns on thousands' grouping; fixed behavior on systems where + MB_CUR_MAX does not evaluate to a constant. + +h. The `unset' builtin no longer returns a failure status when asked to + unset a previously-unset variable or function. + +i. Changes to the build system to make it easier to cross-compile bash + for different systems. + +j. Added `,' to the characters that are backslash-escaped during filename + completion, to avoid problems with complete-into-braces and RCS filenames + containing commas. + +k. Some changes to the multibyte character support code to avoid many calls + to strlen(). + +l. Bash now correctly honors setting LANG to some value when LC_ALL does not + already have a value. + +m. Fixed a bug that could cause SIGSEGV when processing nested traps with + trap handlers. + +n. The `source/.' builtin now restores the positional parameters when it + returns unless they were changed using the `set' builtin during the file's + execution. + +o. Fixed a bug that caused a syntax error when a command was terminated by + EOF. + +2. New Features in Bash + +a. There is now support for placing the long help text into separate files + installed into ${datadir}/bash. Not enabled by default; can be turned + on with `--enable-separate-helpfiles' option to configure. + +b. All builtins that take operands accept a `--' pseudo-option, except + `echo'. + +c. The `echo' builtin now accepts \0xxx (zero to three octal digits following + the `0') in addition to \xxx (one to three octal digits) for SUSv3/XPG6/ + POSIX.1-2001 compliance. + +3. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a small problem in _rl_insert_char with multibyte characters. + +b. Fixes from IBM for line wrapping problems when using multibyte characters. + +c. Fixed a problem which caused the display to be messed up when the last + line of a multi-line prompt (possibly containing invisible characters) + was longer than the screen width. + +d. Fixed a problem with the vi-mode `r' command that occurred on systems with + support for multibyte characters when running in a locale without any + multibyte characters. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-alpha1, +and the previous version, bash-2.05a-release. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Some changes to work around inlining differences between compilers. + +b. Added more prototypes for internal shell typedefs, to catch argument + passing errors when using pointers to functions. + +c. The `cd' builtin now fails in posix mode when a valid directory cannot be + constructed from a relative pathname argument and the $PWD using pathname + canonicalization, and the -P option has not been supplied. Previously, + the shell would attempt to use what the user typed, leading to weird + values for $PWD and discrepancies between the value of $PWD and the + actual working directory. + +d. The `cd' builtin now resets $PWD when canonicalization fails but a chdir + to the pathname passed as an argument succeeds (when not in posix mode). + +e. The `fc' builtin has been fixed, as POSIX requires, to use the closest + history position in range when given an out-of-range argument. + +f. The history file loading code was changed to allow lines to be saved in + the history list from the shell startup files. + +g. `history -s args' now works better in compound commands. + +h. The tilde expansion code was fixed to better recognize when it's being + invoked in an assignment context, which enables expansion after `=' + and `:'. + +i. Fixed the command name completion code so a slash is no longer appended + to a single match if there happens to be a directory with that name in + $PWD. + +j. Fixed compound array assignment to no longer perform alias expansion, to + allow reserved words as array members, and to not produce extra output + when the `-v' option had been enabled. + +k. Fixed the programmable completion code to better handle newlines in lists + of possible completions (e.g., `complete -W'). + +l. Removed the reserved words from the `bash-builtins' manual page. + +m. Parser error reporting now attempts to do a better job of identifying the + token in error rather than doing straight textual analysis. + +n. Fixes for Inf/NaN, locales, wide/multibyte characters and zero-length + arguments in the library snprintf(3) replacement. + +o. `read -e' no longer does command name completion on the first word on + the line being read. + +p. `select' now returns failure if the read of the user's selection fails. + +q. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when setting $PIPESTATUS. + +r. Fixes to not allocate so many job slots when the shell is running a loop + with job control enabled in a subshell of an interactive shell. + +s. Fixed a bug in the trap code that caused traps to be inherited by + command substitutions in some cases. + +t. Fixed a bug that could cause alias expansion to inappropriately expand + the word following the alias. + +u. Fixed a bug in the `kill' builtin that mishandled negative pid arguments. + +v. The parser is less lenient when parsing assignment statements where the + characters before the `=' don't comprise a valid identifier. + +w. The arithmetic expression evaluation code now honors the setting of the + `-u' option when expanding variable names. + +x. Fixed the arithmetic evaluation code to allow array subscripts to be + assigned (`let b[7]=42') and auto-incremented and auto-decremented + (e.g., b[7]++). + +y. Reimplemented the existing prompt string date and time expansions using + strftime(3), which changed the output of \@ in some locales. + +z. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when a special shell variable + (like RANDOM) was converted to an array with a variable assignment. + +aa. Fixed a bug that would reset the handler for a signal the user had + trapped to a function that would exit the shell when setting the exit + trap in a non-interactive shell. + +bb. Changed the execve(2) wrapper code to check whether or not a failing + command is a directory before looking at whether a `#!' interpreter + failed for some reason. + +cc. Fixed a bug in the command printing code so it no longer inserts a `;' + after a newline, which produces a syntax error when reused as input. + +dd. The code that expands $PS4 no longer inherits the `-x' flag. + +ee. The bash-specific completion functions may now take advantage of the + double-TAB and M-? features of the standard readline completion + functions. + +ff. The mail checking code no longer prints a message if the checked file's + size has not increased, even if the access time is less than the modification time. + +gg. Rewrote the variable symbol table code: there is now a stack of + contexts, each possibly including a separate symbol table; there can + be more than one temporary environment supplied to nested invocations + of `./source'; the temporary environments no longer require so much + special-case code; shell functions now handle the temporary environment + and local variables more consistently; function scope exit is faster now + that the entire symbol table does not have to be traversed to dispose of + local variables; it is now easier to push vars from the temporary + environment to the shell's variable table in posix mode; some duplicated + code has been removed. + +hh. Regularized the error message printing code; builtin_error is now called + more consistently, and common error message strings are handled by small + functions. This should make eventual message translation easier. + +ii. Error messages now include the line number in a script when the shell + is not interactive. + +jj. Array subscript expansion now takes place even when the array variable is + unset, so side effects will take place. + +kk. Fixed a bug in the SICGHLD child-reaping code so that it won't find + jobs already marked as terminated if the OS reuses pids quickly enough. + +ll. Fixed a bug that could cause a signal to not interrupt the `wait' + builtin while it was waiting for a background process to terminate. + +mm. A couple of changes to make it easier for multiple shells to share history + files using `history -n', `history -r', and `history -w'. + +nn. The `getopts' builtin always increments OPTIND to point to the next + option to be handled when an option is returned, whether it's valid + or not, as POSIX 1003.x-2001 requires. + +oo. Changed some parts of the expansion code to avoid allocating and + immediately freeing memory without using the results for anything. + +pp. The shell now keeps track of $IFS internally, updating its internal map + each time the variable is assigned a new value (or at local scope exit). + This saves thousands of hash lookups for IFS, which, while individually + cheap, add up. + +qq. Rewrote the hash table code: searching and insertion are much faster now, + and it uses a better string hashing function; augmented the function + interface to simplify other parts of the code and remove duplicated code + +rr. The shell now uses a simple, generic `object cache' for allocating and + caching words and word lists, which were the major users of + malloc/free. + +ss. Fixed the assignment statement parsing code to allow whitespace and + newlines in subscripts when performing array element assignment. + +tt. The shell now issues many fewer calls to sigprocmask and other signal + masking system calls. + +uu. Fixed the `test' and conditional command file comparison operators to + work right when one file has a non-positive timestamp and the other + does not exist. + +vv. Fixed some cases where the special characters '\001' and '\177' in the + values of variables or positional parameters caused incorrect expansion + results. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed output of comment-begin character when listing variable values. + +b. Added some default key bindings for common escape sequences produced by + HOME and END keys. + +c. Fixed the mark handling code to be more emacs-compatible. + +d. A bug was fixed in the code that prints possible completions to keep it + from printing empty strings in certain circumstances. + +e. Change the key sequence printing code to print ESC as M\- if ESC is a + meta-prefix character -- it's easier for users to understand than \e. + +f. Fixed unstifle_history() to return values that match the documentation. + +g. Fixed the event loop (rl_event_hook) to handle the case where the input + file descriptor is invalidated. + +h. Fixed the prompt display code to work better when the application has a + custom redisplay function. + +i. Changes to make reading and writing the history file a little faster, and + to cope with huge history files without calling abort(3) from xmalloc. + +j. The vi-mode `S' and `s' commands are now undone correctly. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. If set, TMOUT is the default timeout for the `read' builtin. + +b. `type' has two new options: `-f' suppresses shell function lookup, and + `-P' forces a $PATH search. + +c. New code to handle multibyte characters. + +d. `select' was changed to be more ksh-compatible, in that the menu is + reprinted each time through the loop only if REPLY is set to NULL. + The previous behavior is available as a compile-time option. + +e. `complete -d' and `complete -o dirnames' now force a slash to be + appended to names which are symlinks to directories. + +f. There is now a bindable edit-and-execute-command readline command, + like the vi-mode `v' command, bound to C-xC-e in emacs mode. + +g. Added support for ksh93-like [:word:] character class in pattern matching. + +h. The $'...' quoting construct now expands \cX to Control-X. + +i. A new \D{...} prompt expansion; passes the `...' to strftime and inserts + the result into the expanded prompt. + +j. The shell now performs arithmetic in the largest integer size the + machine supports (intmax_t), instead of long. + +k. If a numeric argument is supplied to one of the bash globbing completion + functions, a `*' is appended to the word before expansion is attempted. + +l. The bash globbing completion functions now allow completions to be listed + with double tabs or if `show-all-if-ambiguous' is set. + +m. New `-o nospace' option for `complete' and `compgen' builtins; suppresses + readline's appending a space to the completed word. + +n. New `here-string' redirection operator: <<< word. + +o. When displaying variables, function attributes and definitions are shown + separately, allowing them to be re-used as input (attempting to re-use + the old output would result in syntax errors). + +p. There is a new configuration option `--enable-mem-scramble', controls + bash malloc behavior of writing garbage characters into memory at + allocation and free time. + +q. The `complete' and `compgen' builtins now have a new `-s/-A service' + option to complete on names from /etc/services. + +r. `read' has a new `-u fd' option to read from a specified file descriptor. + +s. Fix the completion code so that expansion errors in a directory name + don't cause a longjmp back to the command loop. + +t. Fixed word completion inside command substitution to work a little more + intuitively. + +u. The `printf' %q format specifier now uses $'...' quoting to print the + argument if it contains non-printing characters. + +v. The `declare' and `typeset' builtins have a new `-t' option. When applied + to functions, it causes the DEBUG trap to be inherited by the named + function. Currently has no effect on variables. + +w. The DEBUG trap is now run *before* simple commands, ((...)) commands, + [[...]] conditional commands, and for ((...)) loops. + +x. The expansion of $LINENO inside a shell function is only relative to the + function start if the shell is interactive -- if the shell is running a + script, $LINENO expands to the line number in the script. This is as + POSIX-2001 requires. + +y. The bash debugger in examples/bashdb has been modified to work with the + new DEBUG trap semantics, the command set has been made more gdb-like, + and the changes to $LINENO make debugging functions work better. Code + from Gary Vaughan. + +z. New [n]<&word- and [n]>&word- redirections from ksh93 -- move fds (dup + and close). + +aa. There is a new `-l' invocation option, equivalent to `--login'. + +bb. The `hash' builtin has a new `-l' option to list contents in a reusable + format, and a `-d' option to remove a name from the hash table. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. Support for key `subsequences': allows, e.g., ESC and ESC-a to both + be bound to readline functions. Now the arrow keys may be used in vi + insert mode. + +b. When listing completions, and the number of lines displayed is more than + the screen length, readline uses an internal pager to display the results. + This is controlled by the `page-completions' variable (default on). + +c. New code to handle editing and displaying multibyte characters. + +d. The behavior introduced in bash-2.05a of deciding whether or not to + append a slash to a completed name that is a symlink to a directory has + been made optional, controlled by the `mark-symlinked-directories' + variable (default is the 2.05a behavior). + +e. The `insert-comment' command now acts as a toggle if given a numeric + argument: if the first characters on the line don't specify a + comment, insert one; if they do, delete the comment text + +f. New application-settable completion variable: + rl_completion_mark_symlink_dirs, allows an application's completion + function to temporarily override the user's preference for appending + slashes to names which are symlinks to directories. + +g. New function available to application completion functions: + rl_completion_mode, to tell how the completion function was invoked + and decide which argument to supply to rl_complete_internal (to list + completions, etc.). + +h. Readline now has an overwrite mode, toggled by the `overwrite-mode' + bindable command, which could be bound to `Insert'. + +i. New application-settable completion variable: + rl_completion_suppress_append, inhibits appending of + rl_completion_append_character to completed words. + +j. New key bindings when reading an incremental search string: ^W yanks + the currently-matched word out of the current line into the search + string; ^Y yanks the rest of the current line into the search string, + DEL or ^H deletes characters from the search string. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-release, +and the previous version, bash-2.05a-rc1. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed the `printf' builtin so that the variable name supplied as an + argument to a %n conversion must be a valid shell identifier. + +b. Improved the random number generator slightly. + +c. Changes to configuration to not put -I/usr/include into $CFLAGS, since + it messes up some includes. + +d. Corrected description of POSIXLY_CORRECT in man page and info manual. + +e. Fixed a couple of cases of incorrect function prototypes that sneaked + through and caused compilation problems. + +f. A few changes to avoid potential core dumps in the programmable completion + code. + +g. Fixed a configure problem that could cause a non-existent file to show + up in LIBOBJS. + +h. Fixed a configure problem that could cause siglist.o to not be built when + required. + +i. Changes to the strtoimax and strtoumax replacement functions to work + around buggy compilers. + +j. Fixed a problem with the snprintf replacement function that could + potentially cause a core dump. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a locale-specific problem in the vi-mode `goto mark' command. + +b. Fixed Makefile to not put -I/usr/include into CFLAGS, since it can cause + include file problems. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-rc1, +and the previous version, bash-2.05a-beta1. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed the snprintf replacement to correctly implement the `alternate form' + of the %g and %G conversions. + +b. Fixed snprintf to correctly handle the optional precision with the %g and + %G conversions. + +c. Fixed the arithmetic evaluation code to correct the values of `@' and `_' + when translating base-64 constants (they were backwards). + +d. New library functions for formatting long and long long ints. + +e. Fixed a few places where negative array subscripts could have occurred, + mostly as the result of systems using signed characters. + +f. Fixed a few places that assumed a pid_t was no wider than an int. + +g. Fixed the `maildir' mail checking code to work on systems where a + `struct stat' doesn't include an `st_blocks' member. + +h. Fixed snprintf to make `unsigned long long' conversion formats (%llu) + work better. + +i. Fixed snprintf to not print a sign when asked to do an unsigned conversion. + +j. Made configure changes to avoid compiling empty source files in lib/sh. + +k. New replacement functions (if necessary) for strtoull, strtoll, strtoimax, + strtoumax. + +l. The `printf' builtin now handles the `ll' and `j' length modifiers + directly, since they can affect the type and width of the argument + passed to printf(3). + +m. Renamed a number of the bash-specific autoconf macros in aclocal.m4 to + have more systematic naming, with accompanying changes to configure.in. + +n. Fixed snprintf to handle long doubles and the %a/%A conversions by + falling back to sprintf, as long as sprintf supports them. + +o. Fixed return value from vsnprintf/snprintf to be the number of characters + that would have been printed, even if that number exceeds the buffer + size passed as an argument. + +p. Bash no longer attempts to define its own versions of some ctype macros + if they are implemented as functions in libc but not as macros in + <ctype.h>. + +q. Changed the variable printing code (used by `set', `export', etc.) to + not use the $'...' syntax when in posix mode, since that caused + interoperability problems with other shells (most notably with autoconf). + When not in posix mode, it uses $'...' if the string to be printed + contains non-printing characters and regular single quotes otherwise. + +r. snprintf now recognizes the %F conversion. + +s. Fixed a bug that could cause the wrong status to be returned by a shell + function when the shell is compiled without job control and a null + command containing a command substutition was executed in the function. + +t. When in posix mode, the default value for MAILCHECK is 600. + +u. Bash only initializes FUNCNAME, GROUPS, and DIRSTACK as special variables + if they're not in the initial environment. + +v. If SECONDS appears in the initial environment with a valid integer value, + bash uses that as the starting value, as if an assignment had been + performed. + +w. Bash no longer auto-exports HOME, PATH, SHELL, or TERM, even though it + gives them default values if they don't appear in the initial environment. + +x. Bash no longer auto-exports HOSTNAME, HOSTTYPE, MACHTYPE, or OSTYPE, + even if it assigns them default values. + +y. Bash no longer removes the export attribute from SSH_CLIENT or SSH2_CLIENT + if they appear in the initial environment. + +z. Bash no longer attempts to discover if it's being run by sshd in order to + run the startup files. If the SSH_SOURCE_BASHRC is uncommented in + config-top.h it will attempt to do so as previously, but that's commented + out in the distributed version. + +aa. Fixed a typo in the code that tests for LC_NUMERIC. + +bb. The POSIXLY_CORRECT shell variable and its effects are now documented. + +cc. Some changes to several of the support shell scripts included in the + definitions to try to avoid race conditions and attacks. + +dd. Several changes to avoid warnings from `gcc -Wall'. + +ee. Fixed a problem with the `unset' builtin that could cause incorrect + results if asked to unset a variable and an array subscript in the + same command. + +ff. A few changes to the shell's temporary file creation code to avoid + potential file descriptor leaks and to prefer the system's idea of + the temporary directory to use. + +gg. Fixes to build with the C alloca in lib/malloc/alloca.c if the system + requires it but the shell has been configured --without-bash-malloc. + +hh. Updated the documentation to note that only interactive shells resend + SIGHUP to all jobs before exiting. + +ii. Fixes to only pass unquoted tilde words to tilde_expand, rather than + rely on tilde_expand or getpwnam(3) to handle the quotes (MacOS 10.x + will remove backslashes in any login name passed to getpwnam(3)). + +jj. Small change from Paul Eggert to make LINENO right in commands run with + `bash -c'. + +2. New Features in Bash + +a. The `printf' builtin now handles the %a and %A conversions if they're + implemented by printf(3). + +b. The `printf' builtin now handles the %F conversion (just about like %f). + +c. The `printf' builtin now handles the %n conversion like printf(3). The + corresponding argument is the name of a shell variable to which the + value is assigned. + +3. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a few places where negative array subscripts could have occurred. + +b. Fixed the vi-mode code to use a better method to determine the bounds of + the array used to hold the marks. + +c. Fixed the defines in chardefs.h to work better when chars are signed. + +d. Fixed configure.in to use the new names for bash autoconf macros. + +e. Readline no longer attempts to define its own versions of some ctype + macros if they are implemented as functions in libc but not as macros in + <ctype.h>. + +f. Fixed a problem where rl_backward could possibly set point to before + the beginning of the line. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-beta1, +and the previous version, bash-2.05a-alpha1. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a bug in the evaluation of arithmetic `for' statements when the + expanded expression is NULL. + +b. Fixed an unassigned variable problem in the redirection printing code. + +c. Added more prototypes to extern function declarations in the header + files and to static function declarations in C source files. + +d. Make sure called functions have a prototype in scope, to get the arguments + and return values right instead of casting. Removed extern function + declarations from C source files that were already included in header + files. + +e. Changed some function arguments to use function typedefs in general.h so + the prototypes can be checked. The only use of Function and VFunction + now is for unwind-protects. + +f. More const changes to function arguments and appropriate variables. + +g. Changed the mail checking support to handle `maildir'-style mail + directories. + +h. Augmented the bash malloc to pass in the file and line number information + for each malloc, realloc, and free. This should result in better error + messages. + +i. The `old' gnu malloc is no longer a configuration option. + +j. Augmented the bash malloc with optional tracing and registering allocated + and freed memory. + +k. Prompt string decoding now saves and restores the value of $? when it + expands the prompt string, so command substitutions don't change $?. + +i. Array indices are now `long', since shell arithmetic is performed as long, + and the internal arrayind_t type is used consistently. + +j. Some more `unsigned char *' fixes from Paul Eggert. + +k. Fixed a bad call to builtin_error that could cause core dumps when making + local variables. + +l. `return' may no longer be used to terminate a `select' command, for + compatibility with ksh. + +m. Changed code that reads octal numbers to do a better job of detecting + overflows. + +n. The time formatting code no longer uses absolute indices into a buffer, + because the buffer size changes depending on the size of a `time_t'. + +o. `umask' now prints four digits when printing in octal mode, for + compatibility with other shells. + +p. Lots of changes to the `printf' builtin from Paul Eggert: it handles `L' + formats and long doubles better, and internal functions have been + simplified where appropriate. + +q. Some `time_t' fixes for machines were a time_t is bigger than a long. + +r. Replaced some bash-specific autoconf macros with standard equivalents. + +s. Improvmed the code that constructs temporary filenames to make the + generated names a bit more random. + +t. Added code that checks for ascii before calling any of the is* ctype + functions. + +u. Changed some places where a `char' was used as an array subscript to use + `unsigned char', since a `char' can be negative if it's signed by default. + +v. Lots of changes to the `ulimit' builtin from Paul Eggert to add support + for the new POSIX-200x RLIM_SAVED_CUR and RLIM_SAVED_MAX values and + simplify the code. + +w. `ulimit' now prints the description of a resource in any error message + relating to fetching or setting that resource's limits. + +x. The `snprintf' replacement now computes maximum values at compile + time rather than using huge constants for things like long long. + +y. Interactive shells now ignore `set -n'. + +z. Changed the malloc bookkeeping information so that it's now 8 bytes + instead of 12 on most 32-bit machines (saving 4 bytes per allocation), + restoring 8-byte alignment. + +aa. The malloc error reporting code now attempts to print the file and line + number of the call that caused the error. + +bb. Changed the redirection error reporting code to catch EBADF errors and + report the file descriptor number rather than the file being redirected + to or from (e.g., things like `exec 4242<x' where 4242 is an out-of-range + file descriptor). + +cc. `printf', `echo -e', and the $'...' code now process only two hex digits + after a `\x' escape sequence for compatibility with other shells, and + the documentation was changed to note that the octal and hex escape + sequences result in an eight-bit value rather than strict ASCII. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. The completion code now attempts to do a better job of preserving the + case of the word the user typed if ignoring case in completions. + +b. Readline defaults to not echoing the input and lets the terminal + initialization code enable echoing if there is a controlling terminal. + +c. The key binding code now processes only two hex digits after a `\x' + escape sequence, and the documentation was changed to note that the + octal and hex escape sequences result in an eight-bit value rather + than strict ASCII. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. The builtin `ulimit' now takes two new non-numeric arguments: `hard', + meaning the current hard limit, and `soft', meaning the current soft + limit, in addition to `unlimited' + +b. `ulimit' now prints the option letter associated with a particular + resource when printing more than one limit. + +c. `ulimit' prints `hard' or `soft' when a value is not `unlimited' but is + one of RLIM_SAVED_MAX or RLIM_SAVED_CUR, respectively. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. New bindable variable `history-preserve-point'. If set, the history + code attempts to place the user at the same location on each history + line retrieved with previous-history or next-history. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-alpha1, +and the previous version, bash-2.05-release. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Better checks in the redirection code for write errors. + +b. bashbug now uses $TMPDIR, defaulting to /tmp, and uses mktemp(1) more + portably. + +c. System-specific configuration changes for: Interix, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, + MacOS X. + +d. Some more `const' cleanups through the code. + +e. Fixed a typo in the /dev/fd redirection code, better checks for valid + numeric fds in /dev/fd. + +f. Fixed many parts of the shell to handle integer overflow more gracefully + and to do more stringent checks for valid numbers. + +g. Fixed mksignames to include config.h. + +h. Fixed an uninitialized variable problem that could cause the shell to core + dump when replacing characters in a string. + +i. New mechanism for updating the patch level when official patches are + released (patchlevel.h). + +j. configure.in changed to no longer require external files _distribution and + _patchlevel. + +k. Fixed non-interactive shell initialization problem when bash started as + `bash -i filename'. + +l. Fixed printf builtin conversion error handling to be POSIX.2-conformant. + +m. autoconf-2.52 is now used to build configure; autoconf-2.50 or newer is + required. Some of the bash-specific macros were removed, since they are + now standard. + +n. Startup files and files read with source or `.' are no longer required to + be regular files. + +o. Fixed core dump in builtin printf when user-supplied precision or field + width is 0. + +p. Fixed builtin printf to treat a negative field width as a positive field + width with left-justification. + +r. New unwind-protect implementation from Paul Eggert. + +s. Fixed an inadvertently-unclosed comment in the bash completion code that + caused programmable completions to not add trailing slashes or spaces to + completions. + +t. Fixed the process substitution code to cope better when stdin is closed. + +v. Fixes, mostly from Paul Eggert, for a few possible buffer overflows in + the shell. + +w. Fixes from Paul Eggert to avoid most of the type casts in the shell code, + and use more appropriate types for a number of variables. + +x. Command substitution no longer inherits the DEBUG trap. + +y. Some fixes to the process substitution code on machines without /dev/fd so + that named pipes are not removed inappropriately. + +z. The loadable `getconf' builtin is now much more complete, and will become + part of the shell in the future. + +aa. The select command no longer terminates on a `return', so it can be used + to return from an enclosing function (as ksh does it). + +bb. Fixed the extended pattern matching code to behave better when presented + with incorrectly-formed patterns. + +cc. Some changes were made with the intent of making cross-compilation easier. + +dd. The network code (/dev/tcp and /dev/udp redirections) uses getaddrinfo(3) + if it's available, which adds support for IPv6. + +ee. Subshells of login shells no longer source ~/.bash_logout when they exit. + +ff. Fixes so that subshells don't exit inappropriately if the -e option has + been set. + +gg. Restricted shells no longer allow functions to be exported. + +hh. Changes to the pattern matching code so extended pattern matching works + on systems with deficient shared library implementations, like MacOS X. + +ii. Better error messages when a script with a leading `#!interp' fails + to execute because of problems with `interp'. + +jj. Fixed `compgen' to handle the `-o default' option better. + +kk. Fixed the job control code to force an asynchronous process's standard + input to /dev/null only if job control is not active. + +ll. Fixed a possible infinite recursion problem when `fc ""=abc' (a null + pattern) is used to re-execute a previous command. + +mm. Fixed `declare [-a] var=value' to assign VALUE to element 0 if VAR is an + array variable. Similarly for `declare [-a] var[N]=value'. This is like + ksh93. + +nn. Fixed a bug that caused `read -a aname' to work even if ANAME had been + declared readonly. + +oo. Fixed a possible integer overflow problem when constructing names for + temporary files. + +2. New Features in Bash + +a. Added support for DESTDIR installation root prefix, so you can do a + `make install DESTDIR=bash-root' and do easier binary packaging. + +b. Added support for builtin printf "'" flag character as per latest POSIX + drafts. + +c. Support for POSIX.2 printf(1) length specifiers `j', `t', and `z' (from + ISO C99). + +d. New autoconf macro, RL_LIB_READLINE_VERSION, for use by other applications + (bash doesn't use very much of what it returns). + +e. `set [-+]o nolog' is recognized as required by the latest POSIX drafts, + but ignored. + +f. New read-only `shopt' option: login_shell. Set to non-zero value if the + shell is a login shell. + +g. New `\A' prompt string escape sequence; expands to time in 24 HH:MM format. + +h. New `-A group/-g' option to complete and compgen; does group name + completion. + +i. New `-t' option to `hash' to list hash values for each filename argument. + +j. New [-+]O invocation option to set and unset `shopt' options at startup. + +k. configure's `--with-installed-readline' option now takes an optional + `=PATH' suffix to set the root of the tree where readline is installed + to PATH. + +l. The ksh-like `ERR' trap has been added. The `ERR' trap will be run + whenever the shell would have exited if the -e option were enabled. + It is not inherited by shell functions. + +m. `readonly', `export', and `declare' now print variables which have been + given attributes but not set by assigning a value as just a command and + a variable name (like `export foo') when listing, as the latest POSIX + drafts require. + +n. `bashbug' now requires that the subject be changed from the default. + +o. configure has a new `--enable-largefile' option, like other GNU utilities. + +p. `for' loops now allow empty word lists after `in', like the latest POSIX + drafts require. + +3. Changes to Readline + +a. More `const' and type casting fixes. + +b. Changed rl_message() to use vsnprintf(3) (if available) to fix buffer + overflow problems. + +c. The completion code no longer appends a `/' or ` ' to a match when + completing a symbolic link that resolves to a directory name, unless + the match does not add anything to the word being completed. This + means that a tab will complete the word up to the full name, but not + add anything, and a subsequent tab will add a slash. + +d. Fixed a trivial typo that made the vi-mode `dT' command not work. + +e. Fixed the tty code so that ^S and ^Q can be inserted with rl_quoted_insert. + +f. Fixed the tty code so that ^V works more than once. + +g. Changed the use of __P((...)) for function prototypes to PARAMS((...)) + because the use of __P in typedefs conflicted g++ and glibc. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. Added extern declaration for rl_get_termcap to readline.h, making it a + public function (it was always there, just not in readline.h). + +b. New #defines in readline.h: RL_READLINE_VERSION, currently 0x0402, + RL_VERSION_MAJOR, currently 4, and RL_VERSION_MINOR, currently 2. + +c. New readline variable: rl_readline_version, mirrors RL_READLINE_VERSION. + +d. New bindable boolean readline variable: match-hidden-files. Controls + completion of files beginning with a `.' (on Unix). Enabled by default. + +e. The history expansion code now allows any character to terminate a + `:first-' modifier, like csh. + +f. The incremental search code remembers the last search string and uses + it if ^R^R is typed without a search string. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-release, +and the previous version, bash-2.05-beta2. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Make sure we note that the first line of a multi-line command was not + saved in the history if the tests for HISTCONTROL succeed, but the + HISTIGNORE check fails. + +b. Fixed a bug in the pattern matching code that caused `[' to be treated + as a special character inside a `[...]' bracket expression. + +c. Fixed a bug in the pattern matching code that caused `]' to terminate + a bracket expression even if it was the first character after the `[' + (or a leading `!' or `^'). + +d. Made a small change to report a more user-friendly error message if + execve(2) fails because of an error with the interpreter in a script + with a leading `#! interpreter'. + +e. If the OS does not support an exec(2) magic number of `#!', make sure we + have a non-null interpreter name before attempting to execute it. + +f. Fixed a bug that caused the shell process to end up in a different + process group than the controlling terminal if a job-control shell was + run with `exec' in the startup files. + +g. When started in POSIX mode, either by `bash --posix', `bash -o posix', or + `sh', $SHELLOPTS includes `posix' and POSIXLY_CORRECT is set. + +h. Fixed a problem that caused the `\W' prompt string escape sequence to + expand to nothing when $PWD was `//'. + +i. The `bashbug' shell script no longer uses $(...) command substitution. + +j. When `set' is invoked without options in POSIX mode, it no longer prints + the names and definitions of shell functions. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. rl_set_paren_blink_timeout() is now documented. + +b. Corrected history.3 man page: `$' is not in the default value of + history_word_delimiters. + +c. If a hook function assigned to rl_event_hook sets rl_done to a non-zero + value, rl_read_key() now immediately returns '\n' (which is assumed to + be bound to accept-line). + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. The `>&word' redirection now works in POSIX mode as it does by default, + since POSIX.2 leaves it unspecified. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-beta2, +and the previous version, bash-2.05-beta1. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a bug in the arithmetic evaluation code so that a^=b is supported. + +b. Fixed startup so posixly_correct is retained across subshells begun to + execute scripts without a leading `#!'. + +c. Fixed a bug that caused $(< file) to not work in a (...) subshell. + +d. Added config support for Linux running on the IBM S390. + +e. Fixed a bug that caused bash to get its input pointer out of sync when + reading commands through a pipe and running a command with standard + input redirected from a file. + +f. Made a change so that command completion now makes about half as many + stat(2) calls when searching the $PATH. + +g. Fixed a bug that caused variable assignments preceding `return' to not + be propagated to the shell environment in POSIX mode. + +h. Fixed a bug with ${parameter[:]?word} -- tilde expansion was not performed + on `word'. + +i. In POSIX mode, `break' and `continue' do not complain and return success + if called when the shell is not executing a loop. + +j. Fixed `bash -o posix' to work the same as `bash --posix'. + +k. Fixed a bug where variable assignments preceding `eval' or `source/.' + would not show up in the environment exported to subshells run by the + commands. + +l. In POSIX mode, shells started to execute command substitutions inherit + the value of the `-e' option from their parent shell. + +m. In POSIX mode, aliases are expanded even in non-interactive shells. + +n. Changed some of the job control messages to display the text required by + POSIX.2 when the shell is in POSIX mode. + +o. Fixed a bug in `test' that caused it to occasionally return incorrect + results when non-numeric arguments were supplied to `-t'. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Some changes were made to avoid gcc warnings with -Wall. + +b. rl_get_keymap_by_name now finds keymaps case-insensitively, so + `set keymap EMACS' works. + +c. The history file writing and truncation functions now return a useful + status on error. + +d. Fixed a bug that could cause applications to dereference a NULL pointer + if a NULL second argument was passed to history_expand(). + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. doc/readline.3 has been moved to the readline distribution. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. New function, rl_get_screen_size (int *rows, int *columns), returns + readline's idea of the screen dimensions. + +b. The timeout in rl_gather_tyi (readline keyboard input polling function) + is now settable via a function (rl_set_keyboard_input_timeout()). + +c. Renamed the max_input_history variable to history_max_entries; the old + variable is maintained for backwards compatibility. + +d. The list of characters that separate words for the history tokenizer is + now settable with a variable: history_word_delimiters. The default + value is as before. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-beta1, +and the previous version, bash-2.05-alpha1. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Changes to allow shared library and object building on the GNU Hurd. + +b. Fixes to the way exported functions are placed into the environment and + cached. + +c. The globbing library once again respects locales when processing ranges + in bracket expressions while doing pattern matching. + +d. System-specific configuration changes for: Tru 64, Interix + +e. Bashbug now uses /usr/bin/editor as one of the editing alternatives, and + will use mktemp(1) or tempfile(1), if present, for temporary file creation. + +f. Bash no longer performs a binary file check on a script argument that's + really a tty (like /dev/fd/0 or /dev/stdin). + +g. Fixed a bug in the execution of shell scripts that caused the effects of + $BASH_ENV to be undone in some cases. + +h. Fixed several bugs that made `bash [-i] /dev/stdin' not work correctly. + +i. Several changes to the job control code to avoid some signal state + manipulation. + +j. The Bash malloc no longer blocks signals as often, which should make it + faster. + +k. Fixed a parsing bug that did not allow backslash to escape a single quote + inside a $'...' construct. + +l. Fixed a bug that caused things like ${var:=$'value'} to be parsed + incorrectly. This showed up in newer versions of autoconf. + +m. Fixed a bug in the bash-specific readline initialization that caused + key bindings to bash-specific function names appearing in .inputrc to + not be honored. + +n. Bash now sets the file descriptor it uses to save the file descriptor + opened on a shell script to close on exec. + +o. Fixed a bug in the prompt string decoding that caused it to misbehave + when presented an octal sequence of fewer than three characters. + +p. Fixed the `test' builtin to return an error if `[' is supplied a single + argument that is not `]'. + +q. Fixed a bug that caused subshells started to run executable shell scripts + without a leading `#!' to incorrectly inherit an argument list preceding + a shell builtin (like such a script called from a script sourced with `.', + where there were variable assignments preceding the `.' command) + +r. Fixed a bug that caused changes to variables supplied in an assignment + statement preceding a shell builtin to not be honored (like a script + run with `.'). + +s. HOSTTYPE, OSTYPE, and MACHTYPE are set only if they do not have values + when the shell is started. + +t. Fixed a bug that caused SIGINT to kill shell scripts after the script + called `wait'. + +u. The `fc' builtin now tries to create its temporary files in the directory + named by $TMPDIR. + +v. Bash no longer calls any Readline functions or uses any Readline variables + not declared in readline.h. + +w. Fixed a bug that caused some substitutions involving $@ to not be split + correctly, especially expansions of the form ${paramterOPword}. + +x. SSH2_CLIENT is now treated like SSH_CLIENT and not auto-exported if it + appears in the initial environment. + +y. Fixed a couple of problems with shell scripts without a leading `#!' + being executed out of shell functions that could cause core dumps if + such a script attempted to execute `return'. + +z. Fixed a problem with the `-nt' and `-ot' binary operators for the + `test/[' builtin and the `[[' conditional command that caused wrong + return values if one of the file arguments did not exist. + +aa. Fixed a bug that caused non-interactive shells which had previously + executed `shopt -s expand_aliases' to fail to expand aliases in a + command like `(command) &'. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Changes to make most (but not yet all -- there is still crlf()) of the + exported readline functions declared in readline.h have an rl_ prefix. + +b. More `const' changes in function arguments, mostly for completion + functions. + +c. Fixed a bug in rl_forward that could cause the point to be set to before + the beginning of the line in vi mode. + +d. Fixed a bug in the callback read-char interface to make it work when a + readline function pushes some input onto the input stream with + rl_execute_next (like the incremental search functions). + +e. Fixed a file descriptor leak in the history file manipulation code that + was tripped when attempting to truncate a non-regular file (like + /dev/null). + +f. Some existing variables are now documented and part of the public + interface (declared in readline.h): rl_explict_arg, rl_numeric_arg, + rl_editing_mode, rl_last_func. + +g. Renamed rltty_set_default_bindings to rl_tty_set_default_bindings and + crlf to rl_crlf, so there are no public functions declared in readline.h + without an `rl_' prefix. The old functions still exist for backwards + compatibility. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. A new loadable builtin, realpath, which canonicalizes and expands symlinks + in pathname arguments. + +b. When `set' is called without options, it prints function definitions in a + way that allows them to be reused as input. This affects `declare' and + `declare -p' as well. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. New application-callable function rl_set_prompt(const char *prompt): + expands its prompt string argument and sets rl_prompt to the result. + +b. New application-callable function rl_set_screen_size(int rows, int cols): + public method for applications to set readline's idea of the screen + dimensions. + +c. The history example program (examples/histexamp.c) is now built as one + of the examples. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-alpha1, +and the previous version, bash-2.04-release. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. A fix was made to allow newlines in compond array assignments. + +b. configure now checks for real-time signals with unusable values. + +c. Interactive shells no longer exit if a substitution fails because of an + unset variable within a sourced file. + +d. Fixed a problem with incorrect matching of extended glob patterns when + doing pattern substitution. + +e. `{' is now quoted by the completion code when it appears in a filename. + +f. Fixed an error in pattern matching that caused the matcher to not + correctly skip the rest of a bracket expression after a character + matched. + +g. Fixed a bug in the IFS word splitting code to make a non-whitespace IFS + character preceded by IFS whitespace part of the current delimiter rather + than generating a separate field. + +h. The {!prefix@} expansion now generates separate words, analogous to $@, + when double-quoted. + +i. Command substitution now ignores NUL bytes in the command output, and the + parser ignores them on input. + +j. A fix was made to the job control code to prevent hanging processes when + the shell thinks background processes are running but the kernel returns + -1/ECHILD from waitpid(). + +k. `pwd' now prints an error message if the write fails when displaying the + current directory. + +l. When in POSIX mode, the shell prints trap dispostions without a leading + `SIG' in the signal specification. + +m. Fixed a parser bug that caused the current command's line count to be + messed up by a compound array assignment. + +n. Fixed a bug in the unwind-protect code that caused bad behavior on machines + where ints and pointers are not the same size. + +o. System-specific configure changes for: MacOS X. + +p. Changes for Cygwin to translate \r\n and \r to \n and to set file + descriptors used for reading input to text mode in various places. + +q. Fixed a bug that caused `!' to occasionally not be honored when in + a (...) subshell. + +r. Bash no longer assumes that getcwd() will return any useful error message + in the buffer passed as an argument if the call fails. + +s. The `source', `.', and `fc' builtins no longer check whether a file is + binary before reading commands from it. + +t. Subshells no longer turn off job control when they exit, since that + sometimes resulted in the terminal being reset to the wrong process + group. + +u. The history code no longer tries to save the second and subsequent lines + of a multi-line command if the first line was not saved. + +v. The history saving code now does a better job of saving blank lines in a + multi-line command. + +w. Removed a `feature' that made `ulimit' silently translate `unlimited' to + the current hard limit, which obscured some kernel error returns. + +x. Fixed the grammar so that `}' is recognized as a reserved word after + another reserved word, rather than requiring a `;' or newline. This + means that constructs like + + { { echo a b c ; } } + + work as expected. + +y. Conditional commands ([[...]]) now perform tilde expansion on their + arguments. + +z. Noted in the documentation that `set -a' will cause functions to be + exported if they are defined after `set -a' is executed. + +aa. When an interactive login shell starts, if $PWD and $HOME refer to the + same directory but are not the same string, $PWD is set to $HOME. + +bb. Fixed `printf' to handle invalid floating point numbers better. + +cc. Temporary files are now created with random filenames, to improve security. + +dd. The readline initialization code now binds the custom bash functions and + key bindings after the readline defaults are set up. + +ee. Fixed the `source' builtin to no longer overwrite a shell function's + argument list, even if the sourced file changes the positional parameters. + +ff. A bug fix was made in the expansion of `$*' in contexts where it should + not be split, like assignment statements. + +gg. Fixed a bug in the parameter substring expansion to handle conditional + arithmetic expressions ( exp ? val1 : val2 ) without cutting the expression + off at the wrong `:'. + +hh. The `<>' redirection is no longer subject to the current setting of + `noclobber', as POSIX.2 specifies. + +ii. Fixed a bug in the conditional command parsing code that caused expressions + in parentheses to occasionally be parsed incorrectly. + +jj. Fixed a bug in the ((...)) arithmetic command to allow do...done or + {...} to follow the )) without an intervening list terminator. + +kk. `printf' now treats `\E' the same as `\e' when performing backslash escape + expansion for the `%b' format specifier. + +ll. When in POSIX mode, the shell no longer searches the current directory for + a file to be sourced with `.' or `source' if `.' is not in $PATH. + +mm. Interactive comments are no longer turned off when POSIX mode is disabled. + +nn. The UID, EUID, HOSTNAME variables are not set if they are in the shell's + environment when it starts up. + +oo. Fixed a bug in the `command' builtin so the effect of a command like + `command exec 4<file' is as if the `command' had been omitted. + +pp. ${foo[@]} and ${foo[*]} now work as in ksh93 if `foo' is not an array + variable. + +qq. ${#foo[X]}, where X is 0, @, or *, now work as in ksh93 if `foo' is not + an array variable. + +rr. The shell's idea of an absolute pathname now takes into account a + possible drive specification on Cygwin and other Windows systems. + +ss. Fixed a bug which caused incorrect parsing of some multi-character + constructs if they were split across input lines with backslash-newline + line continuation. + +tt. Fixed a bug that caused restricted shell mode to be set inappropriately + when trying to execute a shell script without a leading `#!'. + +uu. Shell function definitions no longer require that the body be a group + command ( {...} ), as POSIX.2 requires. + +vv. The `cd' and `pwd' builtins now process symlinks in pathnames internally + and should require many fewer calls to getcwd(). + +ww. Fixed a bug that caused a pipeline's process group to be set incorrectly + if one of the pipeline elements contained a command substitution. + +xx. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when expanding the value of HISTIGNORE. + +yy. The output of `set' is now quoted using $'...' so invisible characters are + displayed as escape sequences. + +zz. Fixed the help text for `unset', since PATH and IFS may both be unset. + +aaa. The shell no longer puts directory names into the command hash table. + +bbb. Fixed a bug in `read' that caused it to occasionally free memory twice if + it was interrupted after reading a large amount of data. + +ccc. Assignment statements that attempt to assign values to readonly variables + now cause the command to return an error status. + +ddd. Fixed a bug that could cause incorrect output if a $(<file) construct was + interrupted. + +eee. GROUPS and FUNCNAME now return an error status when assignment is + attempted, but may be unset (in which case they lose their special + properties). In all respects except unsetting, they are readonly. + +fff. The string-to-integer conversion code now ignores trailing whitespace in + the string, even if strtol(3) does not. + +ggg. The tcsh magic-space function now does a better job of inserting the + space close to where the point was before the history expansion, rather + than just appending it. + +hhh. Fixed a bug which caused a file sourced from an interactive shell to + fill up the jobs table if it ran lots of jobs. + +iii. Fixed a bug in the parameter pattern substitution code to avoid infinite + recursion on zero-length matches. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. When setting the terminal attributes on systems using `struct termio', + readline waits for output to drain before changing the attributes. + +b. A fix was made to the history word tokenization code to avoid attempts to + dereference a null pointer. + +c. Readline now defaults rl_terminal_name to $TERM if the calling application + has left it unset, and tries to initialize with the resultant value. + +d. Instead of calling (*rl_getc_function)() directly to get input in certain + places, readline now calls rl_read_key() consistently. + +e. Fixed a bug in the completion code that allowed a backslash to quote a + single quote inside a single-quoted string. + +f. rl_prompt is no longer assigned directly from the argument to readline(), + but uses memory allocated by readline. This allows constant strings to + be passed to readline without problems arising when the prompt processing + code wants to modify the string. + +g. Fixed a bug that caused non-interactive history searches to return the + wrong line when performing multiple searches backward for the same string. + +h. Many variables, function arguments, and function return values are now + declared `const' where appropriate, to improve behavior when linking with + C++ code. + +i. The control character detection code now works better on systems where + `char' is unsigned by default. + +j. The vi-mode numeric argument is now capped at 999999, just like emacs mode. + +k. The Function, CPFunction, CPPFunction, and VFunction typedefs have been + replaced with a set of specific prototyped typedefs, though they are + still in the readline header files for backwards compatibility. + +m. Nearly all of the (undocumented) internal global variables in the library + now have an _rl_ prefix -- there were a number that did not, like + screenheight, screenwidth, alphabetic, etc. + +n. The ding() convenience function has been renamed to rl_ding(), though the + old function is still defined for backwards compatibility. + +o. The completion convenience functions filename_completion_function, + username_completion_function, and completion_matches now have an rl_ + prefix, though the old names are still defined for backwards compatibility. + +p. The functions shared by readline and bash (linkage is satisfied from bash + when compiling with bash, and internally otherwise) now have an sh_ prefix. + +q. Changed the shared library creation procedure on Linux and BSD/OS 4.x so + that the `soname' contains only the major version number rather than the + major and minor numbers. + +r. Fixed a redisplay bug that occurred when the prompt spanned more than one + physical line and contained invisible characters. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. Added a new `--init-file' invocation argument as a synonym for `--rcfile', + per the new GNU coding standards. + +b. The /dev/tcp and /dev/udp redirections now accept service names as well as + port numbers. + +c. `complete' and `compgen' now take a `-o value' option, which controls some + of the aspects of that compspec. Valid values are: + + default - perform bash default completion if programmable + completion produces no matches + dirnames - perform directory name completion if programmable + completion produces no matches + filenames - tell readline that the compspec produces filenames, + so it can do things like append slashes to + directory names and suppress trailing spaces + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. The blink timeout for paren matching is now settable by applications. + +b. _rl_executing_macro has been renamed to rl_executing_macro, which means + it's now part of the public interface. + +c. Readline has a new variable, rl_readline_state, which is a bitmap that + encapsulates the current state of the library; intended for use by + callbacks and hook functions. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-release, +and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta5. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Better compile-time and configure-time checks for the necessity of + inet_aton(). + +b. A bug was fixed in the expansion of "${@:-}" when there are positional + parameters. + +c. A typo was fixed in the output of `complete'. + +d. The matches generated for a word by the `-W' argument to complete and + compgen are now matched against the word being completed, and only + matches are returned as the result. + +e. Some fixes were made for systems which do not restart read(2) when a + signal caught by bash is received. + +f. A bug was fixed which caused the umask to be set to 0 when an invalid + symbolic mode mask was parsed. + +g. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if a SIGCHLD was received while + performing an assignment statement using command substitution. + +h. Changed the word splitting function for programmable completion so cases + in which the cursor is between words are handled a bit better. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. rl_funmap_names() is now documented. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. The LC_NUMERIC variable is now treated specially, and used to set the + LC_NUMERIC locale category for number formatting, e.g., when `printf' + displays floating-point numbers. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta5, +and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta4. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. A couple of changes were made to the Makefiles for easier building on + non-Unix systems. + +b. Fixed a bug where the current prompt would be set to $PS2 at startup. + +c. The shell script that tests an already-installed version was changed to + remove the directory it created its test programs in at exit. + +d. Several changes were made to the code that tokenizes an input line for + the programmable completion code. Shell metacharacters will now appear + as individual words in the word list passed to the completion functions. + Some of the example completion shell functions were changed to understand + redirection operators. + +e. A bug was fixed that, under obscure circumstances, could confuse the + parser when a shell function was run by the programmable completion code. + +f. A bug was fixed in the ulimit builtin for systems not using getrlimit(). + +g. The execution code now propagates the correct exit status back to the rest + of the code if the return value of a subshell command was being inverted. + Some new test cases for inverting return values with the `!' reserved + word have been added. + +h. Negative exponents in the arithmetic evaluation of v**e now return an + evaluation error. + +i. A bug that caused bash to check the wrong process in a pipeline for + abnormal termination (and consequently resetting the terminal attributes) + was fixed. + +j. Fixed a bug that caused $PS2 to be displayed after PROMPT_COMMAND was + executed. + +2. Changes to Readline + +1. Fixed a bug in a C preprocessor define that caused the keypad control + functions to be compiled out for all platforms except DJGPP. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta4, +and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta3. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. A couple of changes were made to the redirection to attempt to avoid + race conditions and malicious file replacement. + +2. A change was made to the string evaluation code (used for command + substitution, `eval', and the `.' builtin) to fix an obscure core + dump on alpha machines. + +3. A bug that caused $LINENO to be wrong when executing arithmetic for + commands was fixed. + +4. A couple of memory leaks in the programmable completion code were fixed. + +5. A bug that could cause a core dump by freeing memory twice during a call + to `eval' if `set -u' had been enabled and an undefined variable was + referenced was fixed. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta3, +and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta2. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Bash should run the appropriate startup files when invoked by ssh2. + +b. Fixed a bug in the parsing of conditional commands that could cause a + core dump. + +c. Fixed a bug in parsing job specifications that occasionally caused + core dumps when an out-of-range job was referenced. + +d. Fixed the `type' and `command' builtins to do better reporting of + commands that are not found in $PATH or the hash table. + +e. Fixed a POSIX.2 compliance problem in the command builtin -- commands + are supposed to be reported as full pathnames. + +f. The `echo' builtin now returns failure if a write error occurs. + +g. Fixed a bug which caused the locale to not be reset correctly when + LC_ALL was unset. + +h. Changed description of `getopts' in man page and reference manual to make + it clear that option characters may be characters other than letters. + +i. If the shell exits while in a function, make sure that any trap on EXIT + doesn't think the function is still executing. + +j. Bashbug now tries harder to find a usable editor if $EDITOR is not set, + rather than simply defaulting to `emacs'. + +k. Changes to the scripts that guess and canonicalize the system type, from + the latest `automake' distribution via Debian. + +l. When using named pipes for process substitution, make sure the file + descriptors opened for reading are set to non-blocking mode. + +m. Fixed a bug that caused termination of pipelines that are killed by a + signal to not be reported in some cases. + +n. When not in literal-history mode, shell comment lines are not added to + the history list. + +o. When running in POSIX.2 mode, bash no longer performs word splitting on + the expanded value of the word supplied as the filename argument to + redirection operators. + +p. The prompt string decoding code now backslash-quotes only characters that + are special within double quotes when expanding the \w and \W escape + sequences. + +q. Fixed a bug in the prompt decoding code that could cause a non-interactive + shell to seg fault if `\u' was used in PS4 and the shell was in xtrace + mode. + +r. Fixed a bug that caused function definitions to be printed with any + redirections that should be attached to the entire function before the + closing brace. + +s. Changed the tilde expansion code for Cygwin systems to avoid creating + pathnames beginning with `//' if $HOME == `/'. + +t. Fixed a couple of autoconf tests to avoid creating files with fixed names + in /tmp. + +u. The `trap' and `kill' builtins now know the names of the POSIX.1b real- + time signals on systems which support them. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a problem with the single-quote quoting function that could cause + buffer overflows. + +b. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect `stat characters' to be printed if + the files being completed were in the root directory and visible-stats + was enabled. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. There is a new `rbash.1' manual page, from the Debian release. + +b. The `--enable-usg-echo-default' option to `configure' has been renamed to + `--enable-xpg-echo-default'. The old option is still there for backwards + compatibility. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta2, +and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta1. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a bug that could cause pipes to be closed inappropriately in + some obscure cases. + +b. Fixed a bug that caused creation of the exported environment to clobber + the current command string if there were any exported shell functions. + +c. Some changes were made to reduce bash's memory usage. + +d. Fixed a problem with programmable completion and filenames to be + completed containing quote characters. + +e. Changed the code the removes named pipes created for the <(...) and >(...) + expansions to defer removal until after any current shell function has + finished executing. + +f. Fixed a bug in `select' which caused it to not handle the `continue' + builtin correctly. + +g. Autoconf tests added for cygwin32 and mingw32. + +2. New Features in Bash + +a. The `--with-bash-malloc' configure option replaces `--with-gnu-malloc' + (which is still there for backwards compatibility). + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta1, +and the previous version, bash-2.04-alpha1. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a bug in the programmable completion code that occurred when + trying to complete command lines containing a `;' or `@'. + +b. The file descriptor from which the shell is reading a script is now + moved to a file descriptor above the user-addressible range. + +c. Changes to `printf' so that it can handle integers beginning with 0 + or 0x as octal and hex, respectively. + +d. Fixes to the programmable completion code so it handles nonsense like + `compgen -C xyz' gracefully. + +e. The shell no longer modifies the signal handler for SIGPROF, allowing + profiling again on certain systems. + +f. The shell checks for a new window size, if the user has requested it, + after a process exits due to a signal. + +g. Fixed a bug with variables with null values in a program's temporary + environment and the bash getenv() replacement. + +h. `declare' and the other builtins that take variable assignments as + arguments now honor `set -a' and mark modified variables for export. + +i. Some changes were made for --dump-po-strings mode when writing strings + with embedded newlines. + +j. The code that caches export strings from the initial environment now + duplicates the string rather than just pointing into the environment. + +k. The filename completion quoting code now uses single quotes by default + if the filename being completed contains newlines, since \<newline> + has a special meaning to the parser. + +l. Bash now uses typedefs bits32_t and u_bits32_t instead of int32_t and + u_int32_t, respectively to avoid conflicts on certain Unix versions. + +m. Configuration changes were made for: Rhapsody, Mac OS, FreeBSD-3.x. + +n. Fixed a problem with hostname-to-ip-address translation in the + /dev/(tcp|udp)/hostname/port redirection code. + +o. The texinfo manual has been reorganized slightly. + +p. Filename generation (globbing) range comparisons in bracket expressions + no longer use strcoll(3) even if it is available, since it has unwanted + effects in certain locales. + +q. Fixed a cosmetic problem in the source that caused the shell to not + compile if DPAREN_ARITHMETIC was not defined but ARITH_FOR_COMMAND was. + +r. Fixed a bug in the here-document code tripped when the file descriptor + opened to the file containing the text of the here document was the + same as a redirector specified by the user. + +s. Fixed a bug where the INVERT_RETURN flag was not being set for `pipeline' + in `time ! pipeline'. + +t. Fixed a bug with the `wait' builtin which manifested itself when an + interrupt was received while the shell was waiting for asynchronous + processes in a shell script. + +u. Fixed the DEBUG trap code so that it has the correct value of $?. + +v. Fixed a bug in the parameter pattern substitution code that could cause + the shell to attempt to free unallocated memory if the pattern started + with `/' and an expansion error occurs. + +w. Fixed a bug in the positional parameter substring code that could + cause the shell to loop freeing freed memory. + +x. Fixed a bug in the positional parameter pattern substitution code so + that it correctly handles null replacement strings with a pattern + string prefixed with `%' or `#'. + +y. The shell no longer attempts to import functions from the environment if + started with `-n'. + +z. Fixed a bug that caused `return' in a command substitution executed in + a shell function to return from the function in a subshell and continue + execution. + +aa. `hash -p /pathname/with/slashes name' is no longer allowed when the shell + is restricted. + +bb. The wait* job control functions now behave better if called when there + are no unwaited-for children. + +cc. Command substitution no longer unconditionally disables job control in + the subshell started to run the command. + +dd. A bug was fixed that occasionally caused traps to mess up the parser + state. + +ee. `bashbug' now honors user headers in the mail message it sends. + +ff. A bug was fixed that caused the `:p' history modifier to not print the + history expansion if the `histverify' option was set. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a bug in the redisplay code for lines with more than 256 line + breaks. + +b. A bug was fixed which caused invisible character markers to not be + stripped from the prompt string if the terminal was in no-echo mode. + +c. Readline no longer tries to get the variables it needs for redisplay + from the termcap entry if the calling application has specified its + own redisplay function. Readline treats the terminal as `dumb' in + this case. + +d. Fixes to the SIGWINCH code so that a multiple-line prompt with escape + sequences is redrawn correctly. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. `bashbug' now accepts `--help' and `--version' options. + +b. There is a new `xpg_echo' option to `shopt' that controls the behavior + of echo with respect to backslash-escaped characters at runtime. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-alpha1, +and the previous version, bash-2.04-devel. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps when performing substring + expansion. + +b. Shared object configuration changes for: Solaris, OSF/1 + +c. The POSIX_GLOB_LIBRARY code that uses the POSIX.2 globbing facilities + for pathname expansion now understands GLOBIGNORE. + +d. The code that implements `eval' was changed to save the value of the + current prompt, so an eval in a shell function called by the programmable + completion code will not change the prompt to $PS2. + +e. Restored the undocumented NON_INTERACTIVE_LOGIN_SHELLS #define to + config-top.h. If this is defined, all login shells will read the + startup files, not just interactive and non-interactive started with + the `--login' option. + +f. Fixed a bug that caused the expansion code to occasionally dump core if + IFS contained characters > 128. + +g. Fixed a problem with the grammar so that a newline is not required + after the `))' in the new-style arithmetic for statement; a semicolon + may be used as expected. + +h. Variable indirection may now reference the shell's special variables. + +i. The $'...' and $"..." constructs are now added to the history correctly + if they contain newlines and command-oriented history is enabled. + +j. It is now an error to try to assign a value to a function-local copy + of a readonly shell variable (declared with the `local' builtin). + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. The history file code now uses O_BINARY mode when reading and writing + the history file on cygwin32. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. A new programmable completion facility, with two new builtin commands: + complete and compgen. + +b. configure has a new option, `--enable-progcomp', to compile in the + programmable completion features (enabled by default). + +c. `shopt' has a new option, `progcomp', to enable and disable programmable + completion at runtime. + +d. Unsetting HOSTFILE now clears the list of hostnames used for completion. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. A new variable, rl_gnu_readline_p, always 1. The intent is that an + application can verify whether or not it is linked with the `real' + readline library or some substitute. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-devel, +and the previous version, bash-2.03-release. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. System-specific configuration and source changes for: Interix, Rhapsody + +b. Fixed a bug in execute_cmd.c that resulted in a compile-time error if + JOB_CONTROL was not defined. + +c. An obscure race condition in the trap code was fixed. + +d. The string resulting from $'...' is now requoted to avoid any further + expansion. + +e. The $'...' quoting syntax now allows backslash to escape a single quote, + for ksh-93 compatibility. + +f. The $"..." quoting syntax now escapes backslashes and double quotes in + the translated string when displaying them with the --dump-po-strings + option. + +g. `echo -e' no longer converts \' to '. + +h. Fixes were made to the extended globbing code to handle embedded (...) + patterns better. + +i. Some improvements were made to the code that unsets `nodelay' mode on + the file descriptor from which bash is reading input. + +j. Some changes were made to the replacement termcap library for better + operation on MS-DOS. + +k. Some changes were made to the tilde expansion code to handle backslash + as a pathname separator on MS-DOS. + +l. The source has been reorganized a little bit -- there is now an `include' + subdirectory, and lib/posixheaders has been removed. + +m. Improvements were made to the `read' builtin so that it makes many + fewer read(2) system calls. + +n. The expansion of $- will include `c' and `s' when those options are + supplied at shell invocation. + +o. Several improvements were made to the completion code: variable completion + now works better when there are unterminated expansions, command + completion understands quotes better, and completion now works in certain + unclosed $(... constructs. + +p. The arithmetic expansion code was fixed to not need the value of a + variable being assigned a value (fixes the "ss=09; let ss=10" bug). + +q. Some changes were made to make exported environment creation faster. + +r. The html documentation will be installed into $(htmldir) if that variable + has a value when `make install' is run. + +s. Fixed a bug that would cause the bashrc file to be sourced inappropriately + when bash is started by sshd. + +t. The SSH_CLIENT environment variable is no longer auto-exported. + +u. A bug that caused redirections with (...) subshells to be performed in + the wrong order was fixed. + +v. A bug that occasionally caused inappropriate expansion of assignment + statements in compound array assignments was fixed. + +w. The code that parses the words in a compound array assignment was + simplified considerably and should work better now. + +x. Fixes to the non-job-control code in nojobs.c to make it POSIX.2-compliant + when a user attempts to retrieve the status of a terminated background + process. + +y. Fixes to the `printf' builtin so that it doesn't try to expand all + backslash escape sequences in the format string before parsing it for + % format specifiers. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. The history library tries to truncate the history file only if it is a + regular file. + +b. A bug that caused _rl_dispatch to address negative array indices on + systems with signed chars was fixed. + +c. rl-yank-nth-arg now leaves the history position the same as when it was + called. + +d. Changes to the completion code to handle MS-DOS drive-letter:pathname + filenames. + +e. Completion is now case-insensitive by default on MS-DOS. + +f. Fixes to the history file manipulation code for MS-DOS. + +g. Readline attempts to bind the arrow keys to appropriate defaults on MS-DOS. + +h. Some fixes were made to the redisplay code for better operation on MS-DOS. + +i. The quoted-insert code will now insert tty special chars like ^C. + +j. A bug was fixed that caused the display code to reference memory before + the start of the prompt string. + +k. More support for __EMX__ (OS/2). + +l. A bug was fixed in readline's signal handling that could cause infinite + recursion in signal handlers. + +m. A bug was fixed that caused the point to be less than zero when rl_forward + was given a very large numeric argument. + +n. The vi-mode code now gets characters via the application-settable value + of rl_getc_function rather than calling rl_getc directly. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. The history builtin has a `-d offset' option to delete the history entry + at position `offset'. + +b. The prompt expansion code has two new escape sequences: \j, the number of + active jobs; and \l, the basename of the shell's tty device name. + +c. The `bind' builtin has a new `-x' option to bind key sequences to shell + commands. + +d. There is a new shell option, no_empty_command_completion, which, when + enabled, disables command completion when TAB is typed on an empty line. + +e. The `help' builtin has a `-s' option to just print a builtin's usage + synopsis. + +f. There are several new arithmetic operators: id++, id-- (variable + post-increment/decrement), ++id, --id (variabl pre-increment/decrement), + expr1 , expr2 (comma operator). + +g. There is a new ksh-93 style arithmetic for command: + for ((expr1 ; expr2; expr3 )); do list; done + +h. The `read' builtin has a number of new options: + -t timeout only wait timeout seconds for input + -n nchars only read nchars from input instead of a full line + -d delim read until delim rather than newline + -s don't echo input chars as they are read + +i. The redirection code now handles several filenames specially: + /dev/fd/N, /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, and /dev/stderr, whether or + not they are present in the file system. + +j. The redirection code now recognizes pathnames of the form + /dev/tcp/host/port and /dev/udp/host/port, and tries to open a socket + of the appropriate type to the specified port on the specified host. + +k. The ksh-93 ${!prefix*} expansion, which expands to the names of all + shell variables whose names start with prefix, has been implemented. + +l. There is a new dynamic variable, FUNCNAME, which expands to the name of + a currently-executing function. Assignments to FUNCNAME have no effect. + +m. The GROUPS variable is no longer readonly; assignments to it are silently + discarded. This means it can be unset. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. Parentheses matching is now always compiled into readline, and enabled + or disabled when the value of the `blink-matching-paren' variable is + changed. + +b. MS-DOS systems now use ~/_inputrc as the last-ditch inputrc filename. + +c. MS-DOS systems now use ~/_history as the default history file. + +d. history-search-{forward,backward} now leave the point at the end of the + line when the string to search for is empty, like + {reverse,forward}-search-history. + +e. history-search-{forward,backward} now leave the last history line found + in the readline buffer if the second or subsequent search fails. + +f. New function for use by applications: rl_on_new_line_with_prompt, used + when an application displays the prompt itself before calling readline(). + +g. New variable for use by applications: rl_already_prompted. An application + that displays the prompt itself before calling readline() must set this to + a non-zero value. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-release, +and the previous version, bash-2.03-beta2. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. A file descriptor leak in the `fc' builtin was fixed. + +b. A bug was fixed in the `read' builtin that caused occasional spurious + failures when using `read -e'. + +c. The version code needed to use the value of the cpp variable + CONF_MACHTYPE rather than MACHTYPE. + +d. A new test was added to exercise the command printing and copying code. + +e. A bug was fixed that caused `time' to be recognized as a reserved word + if it was the first pattern in a `case' statement pattern list. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-beta2, +and the previous version, bash-2.03-beta1. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Slight additions to support/shobj-conf, mostly for the benefit of AIX 4.2. + +b. config.{guess,sub} support added for the NEC SX4. + +c. Changed some of the cross-compiling sections of the configure macros in + aclocal.m4 so that configure won't abort. + +d. Slight changes to how the HTML versions of the bash and readline manuals + are generated. + +e. Fixed conditional command printing to avoid interpreting printf `%'-escapes + in arguments to [[. + +f. Don't include the bash malloc on all variants of the alpha processor. + +g. Changes to configure to make --enable-profiling work on Solaris 2.x. + +h. Fixed a bug that manifested itself when shell functions were called + between calls to `getopts'. + +i. Fixed pattern substitution so that a bare `#'as a pattern causes the + replacement string to be prefixed to the search string, and a bare + `%' causes the replacement string to be appended to the search string. + +j. Fixed a bug in the command execution code that caused child processes + to occasionally have the wrong value for $!. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Added code to the history library to catch history substitutions using + `&' without a previous history substitution or search having been + performed. + +3. New Features in Bash + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. New bindable variable: `isearch-terminators'. + +b. New bindable function: `forward-backward-delete-char' (unbound by default). + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-beta1, +and the previous version, bash-2.03-alpha. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. A change was made to the help text for `{...}' to make it clear that a + semicolon is required before the closing brace. + +b. A fix was made to the `test' builtin so that syntax errors cause test + to return an exit status > 1. + +c. Globbing is no longer performed on assignment statements that appear as + arguments to `assignment builtins' such as `export'. + +d. System-specific configuration changes were made for: Rhapsody, + AIX 4.2/gcc, BSD/OS 4.0. + +e. New loadable builtins: ln, unlink. + +f. Some fixes were made to the globbing code to handle extended glob patterns + which immediately follow a `*'. + +g. A fix was made to the command printing code to ensure that redirections + following compound commands have a space separating them from the rest + of the command. + +h. The pathname canonicalization code was changed to produce fewer leading + `//' sequences, since those are interpreted as network file system + pathnames on some systems. + +i. A fix was made so that loops containing `eval' commands in commands passed + to `bash -c' would not exit prematurely. + +j. Some changes were made to the job reaping code when the shell is not + interactive, so the shell will retain exit statuses longer for examination + by `wait'. + +k. A fix was made so that `jobs | command' works again. + +l. The erroneous compound array assignment var=((...)) is now a syntax error. + +m. A change was made to the dynamic loading code in `enable' to support + Tenon's MachTen. + +n. A fix was made to the globbing code so that extended globbing patterns + will correctly match `.' in a bracket expression. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. A fix was made to the completion code in which a typo caused the wrong + value to be passed to the function that computed the longest common + prefix of the list of matches. + +b. The completion code now checks the value of rl_filename_completion_desired, + which is set by application-supplied completion functions to indicate + that filename completion is being performed, to decide whether or not to + call an application-supplied `ignore completions' function. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. A change was made to the startup file code so that any shell begun with + the `--login' option, even non-interactive shells, will source the login + shell startup files. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. A new variable, rl_erase_empty_line, which, if set by an application using + readline, will cause readline to erase, prompt and all, lines on which the + only thing typed was a newline. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-alpha, +and the previous version, bash-2.02.1-release. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. System-specific configuration changes were made for: Irix 6.x, Unixware 7. + +b. The texi2dvi and texi2html scripts were updated to the latest versions + from the net. + +c. The configure tests that determine which native type is 32 bits were + changed to not require a compiled program. + +d. Fixed a bug in shell_execve that could cause memory to be freed twice + after a failed exec. + +e. The `printf' test uses `diff -a' if it's available to prevent confusion + due to the non-ascii output. + +f. Shared object configuration is now performed by a shell script, + support/shobj-conf, which generates values to be substituted into + makefiles by configure. + +g. Some changes were made to `ulimit' to avoid the use of RLIM_INVALID as a + return value. + +h. Changes were made to `ulimit' to work around HPUX 9.x's peculiar + handling of RLIMIT_FILESIZE. + +i. Some new loadable builtins were added: id, printenv, sync, whoami, push, + mkdir. `pushd', `popd', and `dirs' can now be built as regular or + loadable builtins from the same source file. + +j. Changes were made to `printf' to handle NUL bytes in the expanded format + string. + +k. The various `make clean' Makefile targets now descend into lib/sh. + +l. The `type' builtin was changed to use the internal `getopt' so that things + like `type -ap' work as expected. + +m. There is a new configuration option, --with-installed-readline, to link + bash with a locally-installed version of readline. Only readline version + 4.0 and later releases can support this. Shared and static libraries + are supported. The installed include files are used. + +n. There is a new autoconf macro used to find which basic type is 64 bits. + +o. Dynamic linking and loadable builtins should now work on SCO 3.2v5*, + AIX 4.2 with gcc, Unixware 7, and many other systems using gcc, where + the `-shared' options works correctly. + +p. A bug was fixed in the bash filename completion code that caused memory to + be freed twice if a directory name containing an unset variable was + completed and the -u option was set. + +q. The prompt expansion code now quotes the `$' in the `\$' expansion so it + is not processed by subsequent parameter expansion. + +r. Fixed a parsing bug that caused a single or double quote after a `$$' to + trigger ANSI C expansion or locale translation. + +s. Fixed a bug in the globbing code that caused quoted filenames containing + no globbing characters to sometimes be incorrectly expanded. + +t. Changes to the default prompt strings if prompt string decoding is not + compiled into the shell. + +u. Added `do', `then', `else', `{', and `(' to the list of keywords that may + precede the `time' reserved word. + +v. The shell may now be cross-built for BeOS as well as cygwin32. + +w. The conditional command execution code now treats `=' the same as `==' + for deciding when to perform pattern matching. + +x. The `-e' option no longer causes the shell to exit if a command exits + with a non-zero status while running the startup files. + +y. The `printf' builtin no longer dumps core if a modifier is supplied in + the format string without a conversion character (e.g. `%h'). + +z. Array assignments of the form a=(...) no longer show up in the history + list. + +aa. The parser was fixed to obey the POSIX.2 rules for finding the closing + `}' in a ${...} expression. + +bb. The history file is now opened with mode 0600 rather than 0666, so bash + no longer relies on the user's umask being set appropriately. + +cc. Setting LANG no longer causes LC_ALL to be assigned a value; bash now + relies on proper behavior from the C library. + +dd. Minor changes were made to allow quoted variable expansions using + ${...} to be completed correctly if there is no closing `"'. + +ee. Changes were made to builtins/Makefile.in so that configuring the shell + with `--enable-profiling' works right and builtins/mkbuiltins is + generated. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. The version number is now 4.0. + +b. There is no longer any #ifdef SHELL code in the source files. + +c. Some changes were made to the key binding code to fix memory leaks and + better support Win32 systems. + +d. Fixed a silly typo in the paren matching code -- it's microseconds, not + milliseconds. + +e. The readline library should be compilable by C++ compilers. + +f. The readline.h public header file now includes function prototypes for + all readline functions, and some changes were made to fix errors in the + source files uncovered by the use of prototypes. + +g. The maximum numeric argument is now clamped at 1000000. + +h. Fixes to rl_yank_last_arg to make it behave better. + +i. Fixed a bug in the display code that caused core dumps if the prompt + string length exceeded 1024 characters. + +j. The menu completion code was fixed to properly insert a single completion + if there is only one match. + +k. A bug was fixed that caused the display code to improperly display tabs + after newlines. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. New `shopt' option, `restricted_shell', indicating whether or not the + shell was started in restricted mode, for use in startup files. + +b. Filename generation is now performed on the words between ( and ) in + array assignments (which it probably should have done all along). + +c. OLDPWD is now auto-exported, as POSIX.2 seems to require. + +d. ENV and BASH_ENV are read-only variables in a restricted shell. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. Many changes to the signal handling: + o Readline now catches SIGQUIT and cleans up the tty before returning; + o A new variable, rl_catch_signals, is available to application writers + to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its own + signal handlers for SIGINT, SIGTERM, SIGQUIT, SIGALRM, SIGTSTP, + SIGTTIN, and SIGTTOU; + o A new variable, rl_catch_sigwinch, is available to application + writers to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its + own signal handler for SIGWINCH, which will chain to the calling + applications's SIGWINCH handler, if one is installed; + o There is a new function, rl_free_line_state, for application signal + handlers to call to free up the state associated with the current + line after receiving a signal; + o There is a new function, rl_cleanup_after_signal, to clean up the + display and terminal state after receiving a signal; + o There is a new function, rl_reset_after_signal, to reinitialize the + terminal and display state after an application signal handler + returns and readline continues + +b. There is a new function, rl_resize_terminal, to reset readline's idea of + the screen size after a SIGWINCH. + +c. New public functions: rl_save_prompt and rl_restore_prompt. These were + previously private functions with a `_' prefix. + +d. New function hook: rl_pre_input_hook, called just before readline starts + reading input, after initialization. + +e. New function hook: rl_display_matches_hook, called when readline would + display the list of completion matches. The new function + rl_display_match_list is what readline uses internally, and is available + for use by application functions called via this hook. + +f. New bindable function, delete-char-or-list, like tcsh. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02.1-release, +and the previous version, bash-2.02-release. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. A bug that caused the bash readline support to not compile unless aliases + and csh-style history were configured into the shell was fixed. + +b. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when here documents contained + more than 1000 characters. + +c. Fixed a bug that caused a CDPATH entry of "" to not be treated the same + as the current directory when in POSIX mode. + +d. Fixed an alignment problem with the memory returned by the bash malloc, + so returned memory is now 64-bit aligned. + +e. Fixed a bug that caused command substitutions executed within pipelines + to put the terminal in the wrong process group. + +f. Fixes to support/config.sub for: alphas, SCO Open Server and Open Desktop, + Unixware 2, and Unixware 7. + +g. Fixes to the pattern matching code to make it work correctly for eight-bit + characters. + +h. Fixed a problem that occasionally caused the shell to display the wrong + value for the new working directory when changing to a directory found + in $CDPATH when in physical mode. + +i. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when using conditional commands in + shell functions. + +j. Fixed a bug that caused the printf builtin to loop forever if the format + string did not consume any of the arguments. + +k. Fixed a bug in the parameter expansion code that caused "$@" to be + incorrectly split if $IFS did not contain a space character. + +l. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when completing hostnames if + the number of matching hostnames was an exact multiple of 16. + +m. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to fork too early when a command + such as `%2 &' was given. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a problem with redisplay that showed up when the prompt string was + longer than the screen width and the prompt contained invisible characters. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-release, +and the previous version, bash-2.02-beta2. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. A bug was fixed that caused the terminal process group to be set + incorrectly when performing command substitution of builtins in a + pipeline. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-beta2, +and the previous version, bash-2.02-beta1. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Attempting to `wait' for stopped jobs now generates a warning message. + +b. Pipelines which exit due to SIGPIPE in non-interactive shells are now + not reported if the shell is compiled -DDONT_REPORT_SIGPIPE. + +c. Some changes were made to builtins/psize.sh and support/bashbug.sh to + attempt to avoid some /tmp file races and surreptitious file + substitutions. + +d. Fixed a bug that caused the shell not to compile if configured with + dparen arithmetic but without aliases. + +e. Fixed a bug that caused the input stream to be switched when assigning + empty arrays with `bash -c'. + +f. A bug was fixed in the readline expansion glue code that caused bash to + dump core when expanding lines with an unclosed single quote. + +g. A fix was made to the `cd' builtin so that using a non-empty directory + from $CDPATH results in an absolute pathname of the new current working + directory to be displayed after the current directory is changed. + +h. Fixed a bug in the variable assignment code that caused the shell to + dump core when referencing an unset variable with `set -u' enabled in + an assignment statement preceding a command. + +i. Fixed a bug in the exit trap code that caused reserved words to not be + recognized under certain circumstances. + +j. Fixed a bug in the parameter pattern substitution code so that quote + removal is performed. + +k. The shell should now configure correctly on Apple Rhapsody systems. + +l. The `kill' builtin now prints a usage message if it is not passed any + arguments. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-beta1, +and the previous version, bash-2.02-alpha1. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. A few compilation bugs were fixed in the new extended globbing code. + +b. Executing arithmetic commands now sets the command name to `((' so + error messages look right. + +c. Fixed some build problems with various configuration options. + +d. The `printf' builtin now aborts immediately if an illegal format + character is encountered. + +e. The code that creates here-documents now behaves better if the file it's + trying to create already exists for some reason. + +f. Fixed a problem with the extended globbing code that made patterns like + `x+*' expand incorrectly. + +g. The prompt string expansion code no longer quotes tildes with backslashes. + +h. The bash getcwd() implementation in lib/sh/getcwd.c now behaves better in + the presence of lstat(2) failures. + +i. Fixed a bug with strsub() that caused core dumps when executing `fc -s'. + +j. The mail checking code now ensures that it has a valid default mailpath. + +k. A bug was fixed that caused local variables to be unset inappropriately + when sourcing a script from within another sourced script. + +l. A bug was fixed in the history saving code so that functions are saved + in the history list correctly if `cmdhist' is enabled, but `lithist' + is not. + +m. A bug was fixed that caused printf overflows when displaying error + messages. + +n. It should be easier to build the loadble builtins in examples/loadables, + though some manual editing of the generated Makefile is still required. + +o. The user's primary group is now always ${GROUPS[0]}. + +p. Some updates were made to support/config.guess from the GNU master copy. + +q. Some changes were made to the autoconf support for Solaris 2.6 large + files. + +r. The `command' builtins now does the right thing when confstr(3) cannot + find a value for _CS_PATH. + +s. Extended globbing expressions like `*.!(c)' are not history expanded if + `extglob' is enabled. + +t. Using the `-P' option to `cd' will force the value that is assigned to + PWD to not contain any symbolic links. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. The code that prints completion listings now behaves better if one or + more of the filenames contains non-printable characters. + +b. The time delay when showing matching parentheses is now 0.5 seconds. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-alpha1, +and the previous version, bash-2.01.1-release. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. OS-specific configuration changes for: BSD/OS 3.x, Minix 2.x, + Solaris 2.6, SINIX SVR4. + +b. Changes were made to the generated `info' files so that `install-info' + works correctly. + +c. PWD is now auto-exported. + +d. A fix was made to the pipeline code to make sure that the shell forks + to execute simple commands consisting solely of assignment statements. + +e. Changes to the test suite for systems with 14-character filenames. + +f. The default sizes of some internal hash tables have been made smaller + to reduce the shell's memory footprint. + +g. The `((...))' arithmetic command is now executed directly instead of + being translated into `let "..."'. + +h. Fixes were made to the expansion code so that "$*", "$@", "${array[@]}", + and "${array[@]}" expand correctly when IFS does not contain a space + character, is unset, or is set to NULL. + +i. The indirect expansion code (${!var}) was changed so that the only + valid values of `var' are variable names, positional parameters, `#', + `@', and `*'. + +j. An arithmetic expression error in a $((...)) expansion now causes a + non-interactive shell running in posix mode to exit. + +k. Compound array assignment now splits the words within the parentheses + on shell metacharacters like the parser would before expansing them + and performing the assignment. This is for compatibility with ksh-93. + +l. The internal shell backslash-quoting code (used in the output of `set' + and completion) now quotes tildes if they appear at the start of the + string or after a `=' or `:'. + +m. A couple of bugs with `shopt -o' were fixed. + +n. `bash +o' now displays the same output as `set +o' before starting an + interactive shell. + +o. A bug that caused command substitution and the `eval' builtin to + occasionally free memory twice when an error was encountered was fixed. + +p. The filename globbing code no longer requires read permission for a + directory when the filename to be matched does not contain any globbing + characters, as POSIX.2 specifies. + +q. A bug was fixed so that the job containing the last asynchronous + process is not removed from the job table until a `wait' is executed + for that process or another asynchronous process is started. This + satisfies a POSIX.2 requirement. + +r. A `select' bug was fixed so that a non-numeric user response is treated + the same as a numeric response that is out of range. + +s. The shell no longer parses the value of SHELLOPTS from the environment + if it is restricted, running setuid, or running in `privileged mode'. + +t. Fixes were made to enable large file support on systems such as + Solaris 2.6, where the size of a file may be larger than can be held + in an `int'. + +u. The filename hashing code was fixed to not add `./' to the beginning of + filenames which already begin with `./'. + +v. The configure script was changed so that the GNU termcap library is not + compiled in if `prefer-curses' has been specified. + +w. HISTCONTROL and HISTIGNORE are no longer applied to the second and + subsequent lines of a multi-line command. + +x. A fix was made to `disown' so that it does a better job of catching + out-of-range jobs. + +y. Non-interactive shells no longer report the status of processes terminated + due to SIGINT, even if the standard output is a terminal. + +z. A bug that caused the output of `jobs' to have extra carriage returns + was fixed. + +aa. A bug that caused PIPESTATUS to not be set when builtins or shell + functions were executed in the foreground was fixed. + +bb. Bash now attempts to detect when it is being run by sshd, and treats + that case identically to being run by rshd. + +cc. A bug that caused `set -a' to export SHELLOPTS when one of the shell + options was changed was fixed. + +dd. The `kill' builtin now disallows empty or missing process id arguments + instead of treating them as identical to `0', which means the current + process. + +ee. `var=value declare -x var' now behaves identically to + `var=value export var'. Similarly for `var=value declare -r var' and + `var=value readonly var'. + +ff. A few memory leaks were fixed. + +gg. `alias' and `unalias' now print error messages when passed an argument + that is not an alias for printing or deletion, even when the shell is + not interactive, as POSIX.2 specifies. + +hh. `alias' and `alias -p' now return a status of 0 when no aliases are + defined, as POSIX.2 specifes. + +ii. `cd -' now prints the pathname of the new working directory if the shell + is interactive. + +jj. A fix was made so that the code that binds $PWD now copes with getcwd() + returning NULL. + +kk. `unset' now checks whether or not a function name it's trying to unset + is a valid shell identifier only when the shell is running in posix mode. + +ll. A change was made to the code that generates filenames for here documents + to make them less prone to name collisions. + +mm. The parser was changed so that `time' is recognized as a reserved word + only at the beginning of a pipeline. + +nn. The pathname canonicalization code was changed so that `//' is converted + into `/', but all other pathnames beginning with `//' are left alone, as + POSIX.2 specifies. + +oo. The `logout' builtin will no longer exit a non-interactive non-login + shell. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a problem in the readline test program rltest.c that caused a core + dump. + +b. The code that handles parser directives in inputrc files now displays + more error messages. + +c. The history expansion code was fixed so that the appearance of the + history comment character at the beginning of a word inhibits history + expansion for that word and the rest of the input line. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. A new version of malloc, based on the older GNU malloc, that has many + changes, is more page-based, is more conservative with memory usage, + and does not `orphan' large blocks when they are freed. + +b. A new version of gmalloc, based on the old GLIBC malloc, with many + changes and range checking included by default. + +c. A new implementation of fnmatch(3) that includes full POSIX.2 Basic + Regular Expression matching, including character classes, collating + symbols, equivalence classes, and support for case-insensitive pattern + matching. + +d. ksh-88 egrep-style extended pattern matching ([@+*?!](patlist)) has been + implemented, controlled by a new `shopt' option, `extglob'. + +e. There is a new ksh-like `[[' compound command, which implements + extended `test' functionality. + +f. There is a new `printf' builtin, implemented according to the POSIX.2 + specification. + +g. There is a new feature for command substitution: $(< filename) now expands + to the contents of `filename', with any trailing newlines removed + (equivalent to $(cat filename)). + +h. There are new tilde prefixes which expand to directories from the + directory stack. + +i. There is a new `**' arithmetic operator to do exponentiation. + +j. There are new configuration options to control how bash is linked: + `--enable-profiling', to allow bash to be profiled with gprof, and + `--enable-static-link', to allow bash to be linked statically. + +k. There is a new configuration option, `--enable-cond-command', which + controls whether or not the `[[' command is included. It is on by + default. + +l. There is a new configuration option, `--enable-extended-glob', which + controls whether or not the ksh extended globbing feature is included. + It is enabled by default. + +m. There is a new configuration #define in config.h.top that, when enabled, + will cause all login shells to source /etc/profile and one of the user- + specific login shell startup files, whether or not the shell is + interactive. + +n. There is a new invocation option, `--dump-po-strings', to dump + a shell script's translatable strings ($"...") in GNU `po' format. + +o. There is a new `shopt' option, `nocaseglob', to enable case-insensitive + pattern matching when globbing filenames and using the `case' construct. + +p. There is a new `shopt' option, `huponexit', which, when enabled, causes + the shell to send SIGHUP to all jobs when an interactive login shell + exits. + +q. `bind' has a new `-u' option, which takes a readline function name as an + argument and unbinds all key sequences bound to that function in a + specified keymap. + +r. `disown' now has `-a' and `-r' options, to limit operation to all jobs + and running jobs, respectively. + +s. The `shopt' `-p' option now causes output to be displayed in a reusable + format. + +t. `test' has a new `-N' option, which returns true if the filename argument + has been modified since it was last accessed. + +u. `umask' now has a `-p' option to print output in a reusable format. + +v. A new escape sequence, `\xNNN', has been added to the `echo -e' and $'...' + translation code. It expands to the character whose ascii code is NNN + in hexadecimal. + +w. The prompt string expansion code has a new `\r' escape sequence. + +x. The shell may now be cross-compiled for the CYGWIN32 environment on + a Unix machine. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. There is now an option for `iterative' yank-last-arg handline, so a user + can keep entering `M-.', yanking the last argument of successive history + lines. + +b. New variable, `print-completions-horizontally', which causes completion + matches to be displayed across the screen (like `ls -x') rather than up + and down the screen (like `ls'). + +c. New variable, `completion-ignore-case', which causes filename completion + and matching to be performed case-insensitively. + +d. There is a new bindable command, `magic-space', which causes history + expansion to be performed on the current readline buffer and a space to + be inserted into the result. + +e. There is a new bindable command, `menu-complete', which enables tcsh-like + menu completion (successive executions of menu-complete insert a single + completion match, cycling through the list of possible completions). + +f. There is a new bindable command, `paste-from-clipboard', for use on Win32 + systems, to insert the text from the Win32 clipboard into the editing + buffer. + +g. The key sequence translation code now understands printf-style backslash + escape sequences, including \NNN octal escapes. These escape sequences + may be used in key sequence definitions or macro values. + +h. An `$include' inputrc file parser directive has been added. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01.1-release, +and the previous version, bash-2.01-release. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. The select command was fixed to check the validity of the user's + input more strenuously. + +b. A bug was fixed that prevented `time' from timing commands correctly + when supplied as an argument to `bash -c'. + +c. A fix was made to the mail checking code to keep from adding the same + mail file to the list of files to check multiple times when parsing + $MAILPATH. + +d. Fixed an off-by-one error in the tilde expansion library. + +e. When using the compound array assignment syntax, the old value of + the array is cleared before assigning the new value. + +f. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when a trap handler was reset + to the default in the trap command associated with that signal. + +g. Fixed a bug in the locale code that occurred when assigning a value + to LC_ALL. + +h. A change was made to the parser so that words of the form xxx=(...) + are not considered compound assignment statements unless there are + characters before the `='. + +i. A fix was made to the command tracing code to correctly quote each + word of output. + +j. Some changes were made to the bash-specific autoconf tests to make them + more portable. + +k. Completion of words with globbing characters now correctly quotes the + result. + +l. The directory /var/spool/mail is now preferred to /usr/spool/mail when + configure is deciding on the default mail directory. + +m. The brace completion code was fixed to not quote the `{' and `}'. + +n. Some fixes were made to make $RANDOM more random in subshells. + +o. System-specific changes were made to configure for: SVR4.2 + +p. Changes were made so that completion of words containing globbing chars + substitutes the result only if a single filename was matched. + +q. The window size is now recomputed after a job is stopped with SIGTSTP if + the user has set `checkwinsize' with `shopt'. + +r. When doing substring expansion, out-of-range substring specifiers now + cause nothing to be substituted rather than an expansion error. + +s. A fix was made so that you can no longer trap `SIGEXIT' or `SIGDEBUG' -- + only `EXIT' and `DEBUG' are accepted. + +t. The display of trapped signals now uses the signal number if signals + for which bash does not know the name are trapped. + +u. A fix was made so that `bash -r' does not turn on restricted mode until + after the startup files are executed. + +v. A bug was fixed that occasionally caused a core dump when a variable + found in the temporary environment of export/declare/readonly had a + null value. + +w. A bug that occasionally caused unallocated memory to be passed to free() + when doing arithmetic substitution was fixed. + +x. A bug that caused a buffer overrun when expanding a prompt string + containing `\w' and ${#PWD} exceeded PATH_MAX was fixed. + +y. A problem with the completion code that occasionally caused it to + refer to a character before the beginning of the readline line buffer + was fixed. + +z. A bug was fixed so that the `read' builtin restarts reads when + interrupted by signals other than SIGINT. + +aa. Fixed a bug that caused a command to be freed twice when there was + an evaluation error in the `eval' command. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Added a missing `extern' to a declaration in readline.h that kept + readline from compiling cleanly on some systems. + +b. The history file is now opened with mode 0600 when it is written for + better security. + +c. Changes were made to the SIGWINCH handling code so that prompt redisplay + is done better. + +d. ^G now interrupts incremental searches correctly. + +e. A bug that caused a core dump when the set of characters to be quoted + when completing words was empty was fixed. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-release, +and the previous version, bash-2.01-beta2. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. The `distclean' target should remove the `printenv' executable if it + has been created. + +b. The test suite was changed slightly to ensure that the error messages + are printed in English. + +c. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when a filename containing a + `/' was passed to `hash' was fixed. + +d. Pathname canonicalization now leaves a leading `//' intact, as POSIX.1 + requires. + +e. A memory leak when completing commands was fixed. + +f. A memory leak that occurred when checking the hash table for commands + with relative paths was fixed. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-beta2, +and the previous version, bash-2.01-beta1. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. The `ulimit' builtin translates RLIM_INFINITY to the hard limit only if + the current (soft) limit is less than or equal to the hard limit. + +b. Fixed a bug that caused the bash emulation of strcasecmp to produce + incorrect results. + +c. A bug that caused memory to be freed twice when a trap handler resets + the trap more than once was fixed. + +d. A bug that caused machines where sizeof (pointer) > sizeof (int) to + fail (and possibly dump core) when trying to unwind-protect a null + pointer was fixed. + +e. The startup files should not be run with job control enabled. This fix + allows SIGINT to once again interrupt startup file execution. + +f. Bash should not change the SIGPROF handler if it is set to something + other than SIG_DFL. + +g. The completion code that provides bash-specific completions for readline + now quotes characters that the readline code would treat as word break + characters if they appear in a file name. + +h. The completion code now correctly quotes filenames containing a `!', + even if the user attempted to use double quotes when attempting + completion. + +i. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when `disown' was called without + arguments and there was no current job was fixed. + +j. A construct like $((foo);bar) is now processed as a command substitution + rather than as a bad arithmetic substitution. + +k. A couple of bugs that caused `fc' to not obey the `cmdhist' and `lithist' + shell options when editing and re-executing a series of commands were + fixed. + +l. A fix was made to the grammar -- the list of commands between `do' and + `done' in the body of a `for' command should be treated the same as a + while loop. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. A couple of bugs that caused the history search functions to attempt to + free a NULL pointer were fixed. + +b. If the C library provides setlocale(3), readline does not need to look + at various environment variables to decide whether or not to go into + eight-bit mode automatically -- just check whether the current locale + is not `C' or `POSIX'. + +c. If the filename completion function finds that a directory was not closed + by a previous (interrupted) completion, it closes the directory with + closedir(). + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. New bindable readline commands: history-and-alias-expand-line and + alias-expand-line. The code was always in there, there was just no + way to execute it. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-beta1, +and the previous version, bash-2.01-alpha1. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a problem that could cause file descriptors used for process + substitution to conflict with those used explicitly in redirections. + +b. Made it easier to regenerate configure if the user changes configure.in. + +c. ${GROUPS[0]} should always be the primary group, even on systems without + multiple groups. + +d. Spelling correction is no longer enabled by default. + +e. Fixes to quoting problems in `bashbug'. + +f. OS-specific configuration changes were made for: Irix 6. + +g. OS-specific code changes were made for: QNX. + +h. A more meaningful message is now printed when the file in /tmp for a + here document cannot be created. + +i. Many changes to the shell's variable initialization code to speed + non-interactive startup. + +j. Changes to the non-job-control code so that it does not try to open + /dev/tty. + +k. The output of `set' and `export' is once again sorted, as POSIX wants. + +l. Fixed a problem caused by a recursive call reparsing the value of + $SHELLOPTS. + +m. The tilde code no longer calls getenv() when it's compiled as part of + the shell, which should eliminate problems on systems that cannot + redefine getenv(), like the NeXT OS. + +n. Fixed a problem that caused `bash -o' or `bash +o' to not list all + the shell options. + +o. Fixed `ulimit' to convert RLIM_INFINITY to the appropriate hard limit + only if the hard limit is greater than the current (soft) limit. + +p. Fixed a problem that arose when building bash in a different directory + than the source and y.tab.[ch] were remade with something other than + bison. This came up most often on NetBSD. + +q. Fixed a problem with completion -- it thought that `pwd`/[TAB] indicated + an unfinished command completion (`/), which generated errors. + +r. The bash special tilde expansions (~-, ~+) are now attempted before + calling the standard tilde expansion code, which should eliminate the + problems people have been seeing with this on Solaris 2.5.1. + +s. Added support for <stdarg.h> to places where it was missing. + +t. Changed the code that reads the output of a command substitution to not + go through stdio. This reduces the memory requirements and is faster. + +u. A number of changes to speed up export environment creation were made. + +v. A number of memory leaks were fixed as the result of running the test + scripts through Purify. + +w. Fixed a bug that caused subshells forked to interpret executable + scripts without a leading `#!' to not reinitialize the values of + the shell options. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. History library has less `#ifdef SHELL' code -- abstracted stuff out + into application-specific function hooks. + +b. Readline no longer calls getenv() if it's compiled as part of the shell, + which should eliminate problems on systems that cannot redefine getenv(), + like the NeXT OS. + +c. Fixed translation of ESC when `untranslating' macro values. + +d. The region kill operation now fixes the mark if it ends up beyond the + boundaries of the line after the region is deleted. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. New argument for `configure': `--with-curses'. This can be used to + override the selection of the termcap library on systems where it is + deficient. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-alpha1, +and the previous version, bash-2.0-release. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. System-specific configuration changes for: FreeBSD, SunOS4, Irix, + MachTen, QNX 4.2, Harris Night Hawk, SunOS5. + +b. System-specific code changes were made for: Linux, 4.4 BSD, QNX 4.2, + HP-UX, AIX 4.2. + +c. A bug that caused the exec builtin to fail because the full pathname of + the command could not be found was fixed. + +d. The code that performs output redirections is now more resistant to + race conditions and possible security exploits. + +e. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when performing pattern + substitutions on variable values was fixed. + +f. More hosts are now recognized by the auto-configuration mechanism + (OpenBSD, QNX, others). + +g. Assignments to read-only variables that attempt to convert them to + arrays are now errors. + +h. A bug that caused shell scripts using array assignments in POSIX mode + to exit after the assignment was performed was fixed. + +i. The substring expansion code is now more careful about running off the + ends of the expanded variable value. + +j. A bug that caused completion to fail if a backquoted command substitution + appeared anywhere on the line was fixed. + +k. The `source' builtin no longer turns off history if it has been enabled + in a non-interactive shell. + +l. A bug that caused the shell to crash when `disown' was given a pid + instead of a job number was fixed. + +m. The `cd' spelling correction code will not try to change to `.' if no + directory entries match a single-character argument. + +n. A bad variable name supplied to `declare', `export', or `readonly' no + longer causes a non-interactive shell in POSIX mode to exit. + +o. Some fixes were made to the test suite to handle peculiarities of + various Unix versions. + +p. The bash completion code now quotes characters that readline would + treat as word breaks for completion but are not shell metacharacters. + +q. Bad options supplied at invocation now cause a usage message to be + displayed. + +r. Fixes were made to the code that handles DEBUG traps so that the trap + string is not freed inappropriately. + +s. Some changes were made to the bash debugger in examples/bashdb -- it + should be closer to working now. + +t. A problem that caused the default filename used for mail checking to be + wrong was fixed. + +u. A fix was made to the `echo' builtin so that NUL characters printed with + `echo -e' do not cause the output to be truncated. + +v. A fix was made to the job control code so that the shell behaves better + when monitor mode is enabled in a non-interactive shell. + +w. Bash no longer catches all of the terminating signals in a non- + interactive shell until a trap is set on EXIT, which should result in + quicker startup. + +x. A fix was made to the command timing code so that `time' can be used in + a loop. + +y. A fix was made to the parser so that `((cmd); cmd2)' is now parsed as + a nested subshell rather than strictly as an (erroneous) arithmetic + command. + +z. A fix was made to the globbing code so that it correctly matches quoted + filenames beginning with a `.'. + +aa. A bug in `fc' that caused some multi-line commands to not be stored as + one command in the history when they were re-executed after editing + (with `fc -e') was fixed. + +bb. The `ulimit' builtin now attempts to catch some classes of integer + overflows. + +cc. The command-oriented-history code no longer attempts to add `;' + inappropriately when a newline appears while reading a $(...) command + substitution. + +dd. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when `help --' was executed + was fixed. + +ee. A bug that caused the shell to crash when an unset variable appeared + in the body of a here document after `set -u' had been executed was + fixed. + +ff. Implicit input redirections from /dev/null for asynchronous commands + are now handled better. + +gg. A bug that caused the shell to fail to compile when configured with + `--disable-readline' was fixed. + +hh. The globbing code should now be interruptible. + +ii. Bash now notices when the `kill' builtin is used to send SIGCONT to a + stopped job and adjusts the data structures accordingly, as if `bg' had + been executed instead. + +jj. A bug that caused the shell to crash when mixing calls to `getopts' + and `shift' on the same set of positional parameters was fixed. + +kk. The command printing code now preserves the `-p' flag to `time'. + +ll. The command printing code now handles here documents better when there + are other redirections associated with the command. + +mm. The special glibc environment variable (NNN_GNU_nonoption_argv_flags_) + is no longer placed into the environment of executed commands -- users + of glibc had too many problems with it. + +nn. Reorganized the code that generates signames.h. The signal_names list + is now more complete but may be slightly different (SIGABRT is favored + over SIGIOT, for example). The preferred signal names are those + listed in the POSIX.2 standard. + +oo. `bashbug' now uses a filename shorter than 14 characters for its + temporary file, and asks for confirmation before sending the bug + report. + +pp. A bug that caused TAB completion in vi editing mode to not be turned + off when `set -o posix' was executed or back on when `set +o posix' + was executed was fixed. + +qq. A bug in the brace expansion code that caused brace expansions appearing + in new-style $(...) command substitutions to be inappropriately expanded + was fixed. + +rr. A bug in the readline hook shell-expand-line that could cause memory to + be inappropriately freed was fixed. + +ss. A bug that caused some arithmetic expressions containing `&&' and `||' + to be parsed with the wrong precedence has been fixed. + +tt. References to unbound variables after `set -u' has been executed now + cause the shell to exit immediately, as they should. + +uu. A bug that caused the shell to exit inappropriately when `set -e' had + been executed and a command's return status was being inverted with the + `!' reserved word was fixed. + +vv. A bug that could occasionally cause the shell to crash with a + divide-by-zero error when timing a command was fixed. + +ww. A bug that caused parameter pattern substitution to leave stray + backslashes in the replacement string when the expression is in + double quotes was fixed. + +xx. The `break' and `continue' builtins now break out of all loops when an + invalid count argument is supplied. + +yy. Fixed a bug that caused PATH to be set to the empty string if + `command -p' is executed with PATH unset. + +zz. Fixed `kill -l signum' to print the signal name without the `SIG' prefix, + as POSIX specifies. + +aaa. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash while setting $SHELLOPTS + if there were no shell options set. + +bbb. Fixed `export -p' and `readonly -p' so that when the shell is in POSIX + mode, their output is as POSIX.2 specifies. + +ccc. Fixed a bug in `readonly' so that `readonly -a avar=(...)' actually + creates an array variable. + +ddd. Fixed a bug that prevented `time' from correctly timing background + pipelines. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. A bug that caused an extra newline to be printed when the cursor was on + an otherwise empty line was fixed. + +b. An instance of memory being used after it was freed was corrected. + +c. The redisplay code now works when the prompt is longer than the screen + width. + +d. `dump-macros' is now a bindable name, as it should have been all along. + +e. Non-printable characters are now expanded when displaying macros and + their values. + +f. The `dump-variables' and `dump-macros' commands now output a leading + newline if they're called as the result of a key sequence, rather + than directly by an application. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. There is a new builtin array variable: GROUPS, the set of groups to which + the user belongs. This is used by the test suite. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. If a key sequence bound to `universal-argument' is read while reading a + numeric argument started with `universal-argument', it terminates the + argument but is otherwise ignored. This provides a way to insert multiple + instances of a digit string, and is how GNU emacs does it. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-release, +and the previous version, bash-2.0-beta3. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fix to the `getopts' builtin so that it does the right thing when a + required option argument is not present. + +b. The completion code now updates the common prefix of matched names + after FIGNORE processing is done, since any names that were removed + may have changed the common prefix. + +c. Fixed a bug that made messages in MAILPATH entries not work correctly. + +d. Fixed a serious documentation error in the description of the new + ${parameter:offset[:length]} expansion. + +e. Fixes to make parameter substring expansion ({$param:offset[:length]}) + work when within double quotes. + +f. Fixes to make ^A (CTLESC) survive an unquoted expansion of positional + parameters. + +g. Corrected a misspelling of `unlimited' in the output of `ulimit'. + +h. Fixed a bug that caused executable scripts without a leading `#!' to + occasionally pick up the wrong set of positional parameters. + +i. Linux systems now have a working `ulimit -v', using RLIMIT_AS. + +j. Updated config.guess so that many more machine types are recognized. + +k. Fixed a bug with backslash-quoted slashes in the ${param/pat[/sub]} + expansion. + +l. If the shell is named `-su', and `-c command' is supplied, read and + execute the login shell startup files even though the shell is not + interactive. This is to support the `-' option to `su'. + +m. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when the DEBUG trap was ignored + with `trap "" DEBUG' and a shell function was subsequently executed. + +n. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps in the read builtin when IFS was + set to the null string and the input had leading whitespace. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a bug that caused a numeric argument of 1024 to be ignored when + inserting text. + +b. Fixed the display code so that the numeric argument is displayed as it's + being entered. + +c. Fixed the numeric argument reading code so that `M-- command' is + equivalent to `M--1 command', as the prompt implies. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. `ulimit' now sets both hard and soft limits and reports the soft limit + by default (when neither -H nor -S is specified). This is compatible + with versions of sh and ksh that implement `ulimit'. + +b. Integer constants have been extended to base 64. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. The `home' and `end' keys are now bound to beginning-of-line and + end-of-line, respectively, if the corresponding termcap capabilities + are present. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-beta3, +and the previous version, bash-2.0-beta2. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. System-specific changes for: AIX 4.2, SCO 3.2v[45], HP-UX. + +b. When in POSIX mode, variable assignments preceding a special builtin + persist in the shell environment after the builtin completes. + +c. Changed all calls to getwd() to getcwd(). Improved check for systems + where the libc getcwd() calls popen(), since that breaks on some + systems when job control is being used. + +d. Fixed a bug that caused seg faults when executing scripts with the + execute bit set but without a leading `#!'. + +e. The environment passed to executed commands is never sorted. + +f. A bug was fixed in the code that expands ${name[@]} to the number of + elements in an array variable. + +g. A bug was fixed in the array compound assignment code ( A=( ... ) ). + +h. Window size changes now correctly propagate down to readline if + the shopt `checkwinsize' option is enabled. + +i. A fix was made in the code that expands to the length of a variable + value (${#var}). + +j. A fix was made to the command builtin so that it did not turn on the + `no fork' flag inappropriately. + +k. A fix was made to make `set -n' work more reliably. + +l. A fix was made to the job control initialization code so that the + terminal process group is set to the shell's process group if the + shell changes its own process group. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. System-specific changes for: SCO 3.2v[45]. + +b. The behavior of the vi-mode `.' when redoing an `i' command was changed + to insert the text previously inserted by the `i' command rather than + simply entering insert mode. + +3. New features in Bash + +a. There is a new version of the autoload function package, in + examples/functions/autoload.v2, that uses arrays and provides more + functionality. + +b. Support for LC_COLLATE and locale-specific sorting of the results of + pathname expansion if strcoll() is available. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. Support for locale-specific sorting of completion possibilities if + strcoll() is available. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-beta2, +and the previous version, bash-2.0-beta1. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. `pushd -' is once again equivalent to `pushd $OLDPWD'. + +b. OS-specific changes for: SCO 3.2v[45]. + +c. A change was made to the fix for the recently-reported security hole + when reading characters with octal value 255 to make it work better on + systems with restartable system calls when not using readline. + +d. Some changes were made to the test suite so that it works if you + configure bash with --enable-usg-echo-default. + +e. A fix was made to the parsing of conditional arithmetic expressions. + +f. Illegal arithmetic bases now cause an arithmetic evaluation error rather + than being silently reset. + +g. Multiple arithmetic bases now cause an arithmetic evaluation error + instead of being ignored. + +h. A fix was made to the evaluation of ${param?word} to conform to POSIX.2. + +i. A bug that sometimes caused array indices to be evaluated twice (which + would cause errors when they contained assignment statements) was fixed. + +j. `ulimit' was rewritten to avoid problems with getrlimit(2) returning + unsigned values and to simplify the code. + +k. A bug in the command-oriented-history code that caused it to sometimes + put semicolons after right parens inappropriately was fixed. + +l. The values inserted into the prompt by the \w and \W escape sequences + are now quoted to prevent further expansion. + +m. An interactive shell invoked as `sh' now reads and executes commands + from the file named by $ENV when it starts up. If it's a login shell, + it does this after reading /etc/profile and ~/.profile. + +n. The file named by $ENV is never read by non-interactive shells. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. A few changes were made to hide some macros and functions that should not + be public. + +b. An off-by-one error that caused seg faults in the history expansion code + was fixed. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. The ksh-style ((...)) arithmetic command was implemented. It is exactly + identical to let "...". This is controlled by a new option to configure, + `--enable-dparen-arithmetic', which is on by default. + +b. There is a new #define available in config.h.top: SYS_BASH_LOGOUT. If + defined to a filename, bash reads and executes commands from that file + when a login shell exits. It's commented out by default. + +c. `ulimit' has a `-l' option that reports the maximum amount of data that + may be locked into memory on 4.4BSD-based systems. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-beta1, +and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha4. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. A bug that sometimes caused traps to be ignored on signals the + shell treats specially was fixed. + +b. The internationalization code was changed to track the values of + LC_* variables and call setlocale() as appropriate. The TEXTDOMAIN + and TEXTDOMAINDIR variables are also tracked; changes cause calls + to textdomain() and bindtextdomain(), if available. + +c. A bug was fixed that sometimes caused double-quoted strings to be + parsed incorrectly. + +d. Changes were made so that the siglist code compiles correctly on + Solaris 2.5. + +e. Added `:' to the set of characters that cause word breaks for the + completion code so that pathnames in assignments to $PATH can be + completed. + +f. The `select' command was fixed to print $PS3 to stderr. + +g. Fixed an error in the manual page section describing the effect that + setting and unsetting GLOBIGNORE has on the setting of the `dotglob' + option. + +h. The time conversion code now uses CLK_TCK rather than CLOCKS_PER_SEC + on systems without gettimeofday() and resources. + +i. The getopt static variables are now initialized each time a subshell + is started, so subshells using `getopts' work right. + +j. A sign-extension bug that caused a possible security hole was fixed. + +k. The parser now reads characters between backquotes within a double- + quoted string as a single word, so double quotes in the backquoted + string don't terminate the enclosing double-quoted string. + +l. A bug that caused `^O' to work incorrectly when typed as the first + thing to an interactive shell was fixed. + +m. A rarely-exercised off-by-one error in the code that quotes variable + values was fixed. + +n. Some memory and file descriptor leaks encountered when running a + shell script that is executable but does not have a leading `#!' + were plugged. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. A bug that sometimes caused incorrect results when trying to read + typeahead on systems without FIONREAD was fixed. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. The command timing code now uses the value of the TIMEFORMAT variable + to format and display timing statistics. + +b. The `time' reserved word now accepts a `-p' option to force the + POSIX.2 output format. + +c. There are a couple of new and updated scripts to convert csh startup + files to bash format. + +d. There is a new builtin array variable: BASH_VERSINFO. The various + members hold the parts of the version information in BASH_VERSION, + plus the value of MACHTYPE. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. Setting LANG to `en_US.ISO8859-1' now causes readline to enter + eight-bit mode. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-alpha4, +and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha3. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. There is better detection of rsh connections on Solaris 2. + +b. Assignments to read-only variables preceding a command name are now + variable assignment errors. Variable assignment errors cause + non-interactive shells running in posix mode to exit. + +c. The word tokenizer was rewritten to handle nested quotes and pairs + ('', "", ``, ${...}, $(...), $[...], $'...', $"...", <(...), >(...)) + correctly. Some of the parameter expansion code was updated as a + consequence. + +d. A fix was made to `test' when given three arguments so that a binary + operator is checked for first, before checking that the first argument + is `!'. + +e. 2''>/dev/null is no longer equivalent to 2>/dev/null. + +f. Parser error messages were regularized, and in most cases the name of + the shell script being read by a non-interactive shell is not printed + twice. + +g. A fix was made to the completion code so that it no longer removes the + text the user typed in some cases. + +h. The special glibc `getopt' environment variable is no longer put into + the environment on machines with small values of ARG_MAX. + +i. The expansion of ${...} now follows the POSIX.2 rules for finding the + closing `}'. + +j. The shell no longer displays spurious status messages for background + jobs in shell scripts that complete successfully when the script is + run from a terminal. + +k. `shopt -o' now correctly updates $SHELLOPTS. + +l. A bug that caused the $PATH searching code to return a non-executable + file even when an executable file with the same name appeared later in + $PATH was fixed. + +m. The shell now does tilde expansions on unquoted `:~' in assignment + statements when not in posix mode. + +n. Variable assignment errors when a command consists only of assignments + now cause non-interactive shells to exit when in posix mode. + +o. If the variable in a `for' or `select' command is read-only, or not a + legal shell identifier, a variable assignment error occurs. + +p. `test' now handles `-a' and `-o' as binary operators when three arguments + are supplied, and correctly parses `( word )' as equivalent to `word'. + +q. `test' was fixed so that file names of the form /dev/fd/NN mean the same + thing on all systems, even Linux. + +r. Fixed a bug in the globbing code that caused patterns with multiple + consecutive `*'s to not be matched correctly. + +s. Fixed a bug that caused $PS2 to not be printed when an interactive shell + not using readline is reading a here document. + +t. Fixed a bug that caused history expansion to be performed inappropriately + when a single-quoted string spanned more than one line. + +u. `getopts' now checks that the variable name passed by the user as the + second argument is a legal shell identifier and that the variable is + not read-only. + +v. Fixed `getopts' to obey POSIX.2 rules for setting $OPTIND when it + encounters an error. + +w. Fixed `set' to display variable values in a form that can be re-read. + +x. Fixed a bug in the code that keeps track of whether or not local variables + have been declared at the current level of function nesting. + +y. Non-interactive shells in posix mode now exit if the name in a function + declaration is not a legal identifier. + +z. The job control code now ignores stopped children when the shell is not + interactive. + +aa. The `cd' builtin no longer attempts spelling correction on the directory + name if the shell is not interactive, regardless of the setting of the + `cdspell' option. + +bb. Some OS-specific changes were made for SCO 3.2v[45] and AIX 4.2. + +cc. `time' now prints its output to stderr, as POSIX.2 specifies. + +2. Fixes to Readline + +a. After printing possible completions, all lines of a multi-line prompt + are redisplayed. + +b. Some changes were made to the terminal handling code in rltty.c to + work around AIX 4.2 bugs. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. There is a new loadable builtin: sprintf, with calling syntax + sprintf var format [args] + This provides an easy way to simulate ksh left- and right-justified + variable values. + +b. The expansions of \h and \H in prompt strings were swapped. \h now + expands to the hostname up to the first `.', as in bash-1.14. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. The bash-1.14 behavior when ^M is typed while doing an incremental + search was restored. ^J may now be used to terminate the search without + accepting the line. + +b. There is a new bindable variable: disable-completion. This inhibits + word completion and causes the completion character to be inserted as + if it had been bound to self-insert. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-alpha3, +and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha2. + +There is now a file `COMPAT' included in the distribution that lists the +user-visible incompatibilities between 1.14 and 2.0. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Some work was done so that word splitting of the rhs of assignment + statements conforms more closely to historical practice. + +b. A couple of errant memory frees were fixed. + +c. A fix was made to the test builtin so it recognizes `<' and `>' as + binary operators. + +d. The GNU malloc in lib/malloc/malloc.c now scrambles memory as it's + allocated and freed. This is to catch callers that refer to freed + memory or assume something about newly-allocated memory. + +e. Fixed a problem with conversion to 12-hour time in the prompt + expansion code. + +f. Fixed a problem with configure's argument parsing order. Now you can + correctly turn on specific options after using --enable-minimal-config. + +g. The configure script now automatically disables the use of GNU malloc + on systems where it's appropriate (better than having people read the + NOTES file and do it manually). + +h. There are new prompt expansions (\v and \V) to insert version information + into the prompt strings. + +i. The default prompt string now includes the version number. + +j. Most of the builtins that take no options were changed to use the + internal getopt so they can produce proper error messages for -? + and incorrect options. + +k. Some system-specific changes were made for SVR4.2 and Solaris 2.5. + +l. Bash now uses PATH_MAX instead of MAXPATHLEN and NAME_MAX instead of + MAXNAMLEN. + +m. A couple of problems caused by uninitialized variables were fixed. + +n. There are a number of new loadable builtin examples: logname, basename, + dirname, tty, pathchk, tee, head, and rmdir. All of these conform to + POSIX.2. + +o. Bash now notices changes in TZ and calls tzset() if present, so + changing TZ will alter the time printed by prompt expansions. + +p. The source was reorganized a bit so I don't have to wait so long for + some files to compile, and to facilitate the creation of a `shell + library' at some future point. + +q. Bash no longer turns off job control if called as `sh', since the + POSIX.2 spec includes job control as a standard feature. + +r. `bash -o posix' now works as intended. + +s. Fixed a problem with the completion code: when completing a filename + that contained globbing characters, if show-all-if-ambiguous was set, + the completion code would remove the user's text. + +t. Fixed ulimit so that (hopefully) the full range of limits is available + on HPUX systems. + +u. A new `shopt' option (`hostcomplete') enables and disables hostname + completion. + +v. The shell no longer attempts to save the history on an abort(), + which is usually called by programming_error(). + +w. The `-s' option to `fc' was changed to echo the command to be executed + to stderr instead of stdout. + +x. If the editor invoked by `fc -e' exits with a non-zero status, no + commands are executed. + +y. Fixed a bug that made the shopt `histverify' option work incorrectly. + +z. There is a new variable `MACHTYPE' whose value is the GNU-style + `cpu-company-system' system description as set by configure. (The + values of MACHTYPE and HOSTTYPE should really be swapped.) + +aa. The `ulimit' builtin now allows the maximum virtual memory size to be + set via setrlimit(2) if RLIMIT_VMEM is defined. + +bb. `bash -nc 'command'' no longer runs `command'. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a typo in the code that checked for FIONREAD in input.c. + +b. Fixed a bug in the code that outputs keybindings, so things like C-\ + are quoted properly. + +c. Fixed a bug in the inputrc file parsing code to handle the problems + caused by inputrc files created from the output of `bind -p' in + previous versions of bash. The problem was due to the bug fixed + in item b above. + +d. Readline no longer turns off the terminal's meta key, and turns it on + once the first time it's called. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This file documents the changes between this version, bash-2.0-alpha2, +and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. The shell no longer thinks directories are executable. + +b. `disown' has a new option, `h', which inhibits the resending of SIGHUP + but does not remove the job from the jobs table. + +c. The varargs functions in error.c now use ANSI-C `stdarg' if available. + +d. The build process now treats the `build version' in .build as local to + the build directory, so different versions built from the same source + tree have different `build versions'. + +e. Some problems with the grammar have been fixed. (It used `list' in a few + productions where `compound_list' was needed. A `list' must be terminated + with a newline or semicolon; a `compound_list' need not be.) + +f. A fix was made to keep `wait' from hanging when waiting for all background + jobs. + +g. `bash --help' now writes its output to stdout, like the GNU Coding Standards + specify, and includes the machine type (the value of MACHTYPE). + +h. `bash --version' now prints more information and exits successfully, like + the GNU Coding Standards specify. + +i. The output of `time' and `times' now prints fractional seconds with three + places after the decimal point. + +j. A bug that caused process substitutions to screw up the pipeline printed + by `jobs' was fixed. + +k. Fixes were made to the code that implements $'...' and $"..." so they + work as documented. + +l. The process substitution code now opens named pipes for reading with + O_NONBLOCK to avoid hanging. + +m. Fixes were made to the trap code so the shell cleans up correctly if the + trap command contains a `return' and we're executing a function or + sourcing a script with `.'. + +n. Fixes to doc/Makefile.in so that it doesn't try to remake all of the + documentation (ps, dvi, etc.) on a `make install'. + +o. Fixed an auto-increment error that caused bash -c args to sometimes dump + core. + +p. Fixed a bug that caused $HISTIGNORE to fail when the history line + contained globbing characters. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. There is a new string variable, rl_library_version, available for use by + applications. The current value is "2.1". + +b. A bug encountered when expand-tilde was enabled and file completion was + attempted on a word beginning with `~/' was fixed. + +c. A slight change was made to the incremental search termination behavior. + ESC still terminates the search, but if input is pending or arrives + within 0.1 seconds (on systems with select(2)), it is used as a prefix + character. This is intended to allow users to terminate searches with + the arrow keys and get the behavior they expect. |