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Diffstat (limited to '')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/builtins.ps | 3318 |
1 files changed, 3318 insertions, 0 deletions
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Options,)144 726 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E +.3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 +768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(1)203.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 2 2 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6d>144 84 Q/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 96 Q F2 -.1(ke) +5.159 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.659(as the k)5.349 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658 +(map to be af).15 F 2.658(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F +(Acceptable)7.658 E F2 -.1(ke)180 108 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.192(names are) +5.882 F F2 3.192(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.692 F 3.193 +(d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E +(vi\255command)180 120 Q F0 4.09(,a)C(nd)-4.09 E F2(vi\255insert)4.38 E +F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.589 E F0 1.589(is equi)4.089 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.589 +(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.089 E F0(\()4.089 E F2(vi\255mo)A(ve) +-.1 E F0 1.589(is also a syn-)4.089 F(on)180 132 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F2 +(emacs)2.5 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 +(emacs\255standar)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1<ad6c>144 144 Q F0 +(List the names of all)180 144 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 +(functions.)2.5 E F1<ad70>144 156 Q F0(Display)180 156 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 +G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E +(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad50>144 168 Q +F0(List current)180 168 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 +(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F1<ad73>144 180 Q F0(Display)180 180 +Q F1 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 G +1.155(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo) +-.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 192 S 2.5(yt).1 G +(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad53>144 204 Q F0 +(Display)180 204 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(ys) +-.05 G(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G +(utput.)-2.5 E F1<ad76>144 216 Q F0(Display)180 216 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G +(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E +(alues in such a w)-.25 E(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G +(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad56>144 228 Q F0(List current)180 228 Q F1 +-.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E +(alues.)-.25 E F1<ad66>144 240 Q F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 252 Q +.3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +<ad71>144 264 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 276 Q -.15 +(ey)-.1 G 2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H(he named).1 +E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 288 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 +(Unbind all k)180 300 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G(ound to the named) +-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad72>144 312 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq) +-.2 E F0(Remo)180 324 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 -.15(ny c).15 H +(urrent binding for).15 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(.)A F1<ad78>144 +336 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(:)A F2(shell\255command)A F0(Cause) +180 348 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F2 -.1(ke)4.325 G +(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F(When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-) +4.325 E(mand)180 360 Q F0 1.764(is e)4.264 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765 +(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_LINE) +4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765(riable to the contents of the).25 F F1 +-.18(re)180 372 S(adline).18 E F0 .375(line b)2.875 F(uf)-.2 E .375 +(fer and the)-.25 F F3(READLINE_POINT)2.875 E F0(and)2.625 E F3 +(READLINE_MARK)2.875 E F0 -.25(va)2.625 G .375(riables to the).25 F +1.185(current location of the insertion point and the sa)180 384 R -.15 +(ve)-.2 G 3.686(di).15 G 1.186(nsertion point \(the mark\), respec-) +-3.686 F(ti)180 396 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.702(.I)-.65 G 3.202(ft) +-5.702 G .702(he e)-3.202 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 +(cuted command changes the v).15 F .701(alue of an)-.25 F 3.201(yo)-.15 +G(f)-3.201 E F3(READLINE_LINE)3.201 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 +(READ-)2.951 E(LINE_POINT)180 408 Q F4(,)A F0(or)3.58 E F3 +(READLINE_MARK)3.83 E F4(,)A F0 1.33(those ne)3.58 F 3.83(wv)-.25 G +1.331(alues will be re\215ected in the editing)-4.08 F(state.)180 420 Q +F1<ad58>144 432 Q F0 .83(List all k)180 432 R 1.13 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829 +(equences bound to shell commands and the associated commands in a for) +.15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 444 Q(The return v) +144 460.8 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5 +E F1(br)108 477.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .054 +(Exit from within a)144 489.6 R F1 -.25(fo)2.554 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1 +(while)2.554 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1 +(select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. 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The)144 667.2 R .519(return v)3.019 F .519 +(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .52 +(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)3.02 G(pr).2 E F0 .52 +(does not corre-)3.02 F(spond to a v)144 679.2 Q +(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(cd)108 696 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +<ad4c>A F0(|[)A F1<ad50>A F0([)2.5 E F1<ad65>A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A F2 +(dir)A F0(])A .322(Change the current directory to)144 708 R F2(dir) +2.822 E F0 5.322(.i)C(f)-5.322 E F2(dir)2.822 E F0 .321 +(is not supplied, the v)2.822 F .321(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HOME)2.821 E +F0 .321(shell v)2.571 F .321(ariable is)-.25 F 1.035(the def)144 720 R +3.535(ault. An)-.1 F 3.535(ya)-.15 G 1.035(dditional ar)-3.535 F 1.035 +(guments follo)-.18 F(wing)-.25 E F2(dir)3.535 E F0 1.035(are ignored.) +3.535 F 1.036(The v)6.035 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(CDP)3.536 E -.855(AT)-.666 +G(H).855 E F0(de\214nes)3.286 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20) +149.565 E(2)203.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 3 3 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .827 +(the search path for the directory containing)144 84 R/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(dir)3.676 E F0 3.326(:e).73 G .826 +(ach directory name in)-3.326 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CDP)3.326 E -.855 +(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .826(is searched for)3.076 F F1(dir)144 96 Q F0 +5.664(.A)C(lternati)-5.664 E .964 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .665 +(irectory names in).15 F F2(CDP)3.165 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 +.665(are separated by a colon \(:\).)2.915 F 3.165(An)5.665 G .665 +(ull directory name)-3.165 F(in)144 108 Q F2(CDP)3.102 E -.855(AT)-.666 +G(H).855 E F0 .602(is the same as the current directory)2.852 F 3.102 +(,i)-.65 G .602(.e., `)-3.102 F(`)-.74 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(.)A F0 +-.74('')C 5.602(.I).74 G(f)-5.602 E F1(dir)3.451 E F0(be)3.831 E .601 +(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F2(CD-)3.101 E -.666(PA)144 120 S +(TH)-.189 E F0 1.003(is not used.)3.253 F(The)6.003 E F3<ad50>3.503 E F0 +1.003(option causes)3.503 F F3(cd)3.503 E F0 1.003(to use the ph)3.503 F +1.003(ysical directory structure by resolving)-.05 F .123 +(symbolic links while tra)144 132 R -.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F1(dir) +2.623 E F0 .123(and before processing instances of)2.623 F F1(..)2.623 E +F0(in)2.623 E F1(dir)2.623 E F0 .123(\(see also the)2.623 F F3<ad50> +2.623 E F0(op-)2.622 E .429(tion to the)144 144 R F3(set)2.929 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.929 G .429(iltin command\); the).2 F F3<ad4c>2.929 E F0 .43 +(option forces symbolic links to be follo)2.929 F .43(wed by resolving) +-.25 F .473(the link after processing instances of)144 156 R F1(..)2.973 +E F0(in)2.973 E F1(dir)2.973 E F0 5.473(.I)C(f)-5.473 E F1(..)2.973 E F0 +.473(appears in)2.973 F F1(dir)2.972 E F0 2.972(,i)C 2.972(ti)-2.972 G +2.972(sp)-2.972 G .472(rocessed by remo)-2.972 F .472(ving the)-.15 F +.948(immediately pre)144 168 R .948(vious pathname component from)-.25 F +F1(dir)3.448 E F0 3.448(,b)C .948(ack to a slash or the be)-3.448 F .948 +(ginning of)-.15 F F1(dir)3.448 E F0 5.948(.I)C(f)-5.948 E(the)144 180 Q +F3<ad65>2.868 E F0 .368(option is supplied with)2.868 F F3<ad50>2.868 E +F0 2.868(,a)C .368(nd the current w)-2.868 F .368 +(orking directory cannot be successfully deter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E .612 +(mined after a successful directory change,)144 192 R F3(cd)3.112 E F0 +.612(will return an unsuccessful status.)3.112 F .613(On systems that) +5.612 F .354(support it, the)144 204 R F3<ad40>2.854 E F0 .354 +(option presents the e)2.854 F .354(xtended attrib)-.15 F .354 +(utes associated with a \214le as a directory)-.2 F 5.353(.A)-.65 G(n) +-5.353 E(ar)144 216 Q .072(gument of)-.18 F F3<ad>2.572 E F0 .072 +(is con)2.572 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .072(rted to).15 F F2($OLDPWD)2.572 E F0 +.072(before the directory change is attempted.)2.322 F .072 +(If a non-empty)5.072 F .055(directory name from)144 228 R F2(CDP)2.555 +E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .055(is used, or if)2.305 F F3<ad>2.555 E +F0 .055(is the \214rst ar)2.555 F .054 +(gument, and the directory change is suc-)-.18 F .168 +(cessful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 240 R 2.668(ww)-.25 G .168 +(orking directory is written to the standard output.)-2.768 F(The)5.168 +E(return v)144 252 Q(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 E +(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F3(command)108 +268.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255pVv)A F0(])A F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 280.8 Q F1(command)2.765 E F0(with) +3.335 E F1(ar)2.895 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 +(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.835 F .064(Only b)5.064 +F .064(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .501(commands found in the)144 292.8 R +F2 -.666(PA)3.001 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.751 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F3<ad70>3.002 E F0 .502(option is gi) +3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F1(command)3.202 E +F0(is)3.772 E .4(performed using a def)144 304.8 R .4(ault v)-.1 F .4 +(alue for)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)2.9 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .399 +(that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If) +5.399 E .174(either the)144 316.8 R F3<ad56>2.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F3 +<ad76>2.674 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F1 +(command)2.875 E F0 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F3<ad76>2.675 E +F0 .175(option causes)2.675 F 3.318(as)144 328.8 S .818(ingle w)-3.318 F +.817(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo) +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F1(command)3.617 E F0 .817(to be displayed; the)4.087 +F F3<ad56>144 340.8 Q F0 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249 +(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F3<ad56>2.749 E F0(or) +2.749 E F3<ad76>2.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25 +(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 352.8 R F1(command)3.705 E F0 -.1 +(wa)4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004 +(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F1 +(command)144.2 364.8 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599 +(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599 +(xit status of the)-.15 F F3(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 376.8 S +(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F1(command)2.7 E F0(.).77 E F3 +(compgen)108 393.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(wor)-2.5 E(d) +-.37 E F0(])A .013(Generate possible completion matches for)144 405.6 R +F1(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F1(option)2.513 +E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.512(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.512 E .981 +(accepted by the)144 417.6 R F3(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F3<ad70>3.481 E F0(and) +3.481 E F3<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the) +-3.481 F .131(standard output.)144 429.6 R .131(When using the)5.131 F +F3<ad46>2.631 E F0(or)2.631 E F3<ad43>2.631 E F0 .131(options, the v) +2.631 F .13(arious shell v)-.25 F .13(ariables set by the program-)-.25 +F(mable completion f)144 441.6 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 +E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 465.6 R .352 +(ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ +em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 +477.6 R(If)5.02 E F1(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) +2.52 F(those completions matching)144 489.6 Q F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 513.6 Q +(alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F3 +(complete)108 530.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 2.5(][)C F3 +<ad6f>-2.5 E F1(comp-option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F3<ad41>-2.5 E F1(action)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad47>-2.5 E F1 +(globpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad57>-2.5 E F1(wor)2.5 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 +(])A([)144 542.4 Q F3<ad46>A F1(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad43>-2.5 +E F1(command)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad58>-2.5 E F1(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 +2.5(][)C F3<ad50>-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad53> +-2.5 E F1(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(])A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(name ...)A F0(])A F3(complete \255pr)108 554.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255DEI) +A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .633(Specify ho)144 566.4 R +3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 G .633(uments to each).18 F F1(name)3.133 +E F0 .633(should be completed.)3.133 F .634(If the)5.634 F F3<ad70>3.134 +E F0 .634(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14 +(options are supplied, e)144 578.4 R .139 +(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 F .139 +(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.)144 +590.4 R(The)5.31 E F3<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F1(name) +2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F1 +(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.208 +(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 602.4 R(The)6.208 E +F3<ad44>3.708 E F0 1.207(option indicates that other supplied options) +3.707 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 614.4 R(`def)-.74 E +(ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5 +(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 +626.4 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F3<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955 +(option indicates that)3.455 F .876 +(other supplied options and actions should apply to `)144 638.4 R +(`empty')-.74 E 3.376('c)-.74 G .876(ommand completion; that is, com-) +-3.376 F .448(pletion attempted on a blank line.)144 650.4 R(The)5.447 E +F3<ad49>2.947 E F0 .447 +(option indicates that other supplied options and actions)2.947 F .123 +(should apply to completion on the initial non-assignment w)144 662.4 R +.123(ord on the line, or after a command de-)-.1 F 1.021 +(limiter such as)144 674.4 R F3(;)3.521 E F0(or)3.521 E F3(|)3.521 E F0 +3.521(,w)C 1.021(hich is usually command name completion.)-3.521 F 1.02 +(If multiple options are sup-)6.02 F .707(plied, the)144 686.4 R F3 +<ad44>3.207 E F0 .707(option tak)3.207 F .707(es precedence o)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F3<ad45>3.208 E F0 3.208(,a)C .708(nd both tak)-3.208 +F 3.208(ep)-.1 G .708(recedence o)-3.208 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F3 +<ad49>3.208 E F0 5.708(.I)C 3.208(fa)-5.708 G 1.008 -.15(ny o)-3.208 H +(f).15 E F3<ad44>3.208 E F0(,)A F3<ad45>144 698.4 Q F0 2.604(,o)C(r) +-2.604 E F3<ad49>2.604 E F0 .103(are supplied, an)2.603 F 2.603(yo)-.15 +G(ther)-2.603 E F1(name)2.603 E F0(ar)2.603 E .103 +(guments are ignored; these completions only apply to the)-.18 F +(case speci\214ed by the option.)144 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(3)203.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 4 4 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .152 +(The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 84 +R .153(ord completion is attempted is de-)-.1 F(scribed abo)144 96 Q .3 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Pr)2.5 E +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .556 +(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 120 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 +(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555 +(guments to the)-.18 F F1<ad47>3.055 E F0(,)A F1<ad57>3.055 E F0 3.055 +(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F1<ad58>3.055 E F0 .722(options \(and, if necessary) +144 132 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F1<ad50>3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E F1 +<ad53>3.222 E F0 .723(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e) +3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion before the)144 144 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1<ad6f>144 +156 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 168 Q F2 +(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291 +(ral aspects of the compspec').15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291 +(vior be)-.2 F .291(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.) +184 180 Q F2(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 +192 Q F0 .281(Perform the rest of the def)224 204 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash) +2.781 E F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F +(matches.)224 216 Q F1(default)184 228 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')224 228 +R 5.376(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.376 E 2.875 +(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) +224 240 Q F1(dir)184 252 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\ +etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 264 Q F1(\214lenames)184 +276 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 288 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \ +\214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.637 E +.134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 300 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 +(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45 +(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 312 R .45 +(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 324 Q F1(noquote) +184 336 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 336 S .814 +(ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F +3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F +(\214lenames is the def)224 348 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 360 Q F0 +-.7(Te)224 360 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ +ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 372 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 372 S +.22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1 +F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 384 Q F1 +(plusdirs)184 396 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 396 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 +(atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F +.583(completion is attempted and an)224 408 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 +(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 420 +Q F1<ad41>144 432 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 444 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 +(may be one of the follo)2.5 E +(wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 +456 Q F0(Alias names.)224 456 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61> +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 468 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 480 Q +(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 492 Q(Readline)224 492 Q F0 -.1 +(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 504 S(iltin) +.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 504 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 516 +Q F0(Command names.)224 528 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 540 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 552 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 564 +Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 576 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 +588 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 588 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 +600 Q F0(Names of e)224 600 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) +-.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 +612 Q F0(File names.)224 612 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66> +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 624 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 636 +Q F1(gr)184 648 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 648 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad67>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184 +660 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 672 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 684 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 696 +Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 708 Q F0 +(Job names, if job control is acti)224 708 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G +(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 +Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(4)203.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 5 5 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.1(ke)184 84 S(yw).1 +E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 96 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May)-.1 F +(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184 108 Q +F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 108 Q -.15(ve)-.25 +G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 120 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 120 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 132 Q +F0 -1.11(Va)224 132 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E +F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 +(shopt)184 144 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 144 Q F1 +(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 156 Q F0 +(Signal names.)224 156 Q F1(stopped)184 168 Q F0 +(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 168 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(.).15 E F1(user)184 180 Q F0(User names.)224 180 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 192 S +(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 192 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F +(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 204 Q/F2 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 216 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 +(vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) +184 228 Q F1<ad46>144 240 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 .113 +(The shell function)184 252 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614 +(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 264 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F1 +($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816 +(he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407 +(are being completed, the second ar)184 276 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 +($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407 +(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 288 R .104 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w) +-2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103 +(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 300 R +.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the) +-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)184 312 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 +E(ariable.)-.25 E F1<ad47>144 324 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008 +(The pathname e)184 336 R 1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 +E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-) +-.15 F(tions.)184 348 Q F1<ad50>144 360 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) +184 372 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534 +(ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F +-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 384 Q F1<ad53>144 396 Q F2(suf)2.5 E +<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 396 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 +(is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 +E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 408 Q F2(wor)2.5 E +(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 420 Q F2(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 +(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139 +(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .98 +(each resultant w)184 432 R .98(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)-.15 +F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F2(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 +3.481(,i)C 3.481(no)-3.481 G .981(rder to)-3.481 F(pro)184 444 Q .766 +(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .765 +(ords to contain shell metacharacters or characters in the)-.1 F -.25 +(va)184 456 S 1.964(lue of).25 F F3(IFS)4.464 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +A F0 1.964 +(The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which) +6.464 F(match the w)184 468 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1<ad58>144 480 +Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 492 Q F0 .456 +(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F +.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 +(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 504 R 1.596 +(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 516 Q F2(\214lterpat) +3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704 +(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 +(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704 +(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 528 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G +(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 544.8 R .466 +(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 +(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.967 E F0 +(or)2.967 E F1<ad72>2.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362 +(plied without a)144 556.8 R F2(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361 +(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H +1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 568.8 Q F0 +(for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E +(xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E +F1(compopt)108 585.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F1(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 597.6 +R F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 +.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726 +(completion if no)144 609.6 R F2(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 +(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) +C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725 +(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 621.6 Q F2(name) +3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v) +5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 +F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 633.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) +2.678 G .178(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he) +-5.178 E F1<ad44>2.678 E F0 .178 +(option indicates that other supplied options should apply to)2.678 F +1.227(the `)144 645.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ +mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ +no)-3.727 F 2.039(completion has pre)144 657.6 R 2.039 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F1<ad45>4.538 E F0 2.038 +(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.538 +(should apply to `)144 669.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.038('c)-.74 G 1.539 +(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.) +-4.038 F(The)144 681.6 Q F1<ad49>3.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that ot\ +her supplied options should apply to completion on the initial non-)3.02 +F .867(assignment w)144 693.6 R .868 +(ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F1(;)3.368 +E F0(or)3.368 E F1(|)3.368 E F0 3.368(,w)C .868(hich is usually com-) +-3.368 F(mand name completion.)144 705.6 Q 1.388(The return v)144 729.6 +R 1.388(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.387 +(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(5)203.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 6 6 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(options for a)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF(name)2.5 E F0(for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E +(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(continue)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A .85(Resume the ne)144 +112.8 R .85(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F2 -.25(fo)3.35 G(r).25 +E F0(,)A F2(while)3.351 E F0(,)A F2(until)3.351 E F0 3.351(,o)C(r)-3.351 +E F2(select)3.351 E F0 3.351(loop. If)3.351 F F1(n)3.711 E F0 .851 +(is speci\214ed, re-)3.591 F .204(sume at the)144 124.8 R F1(n)2.704 E +F0 .204(th enclosing loop.)B F1(n)5.564 E F0 .204(must be)2.944 F/F3 10 +/Symbol SF<b3>2.704 E F0 2.703(1. If)2.704 F F1(n)3.063 E F0 .203 +(is greater than the number of enclosing loops,)2.943 F 1.183 +(the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 136.8 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G(l').15 E 3.683('l)-.74 G 1.183(oop\) is resumed.)-3.683 F 1.184 +(The return v)6.184 F 1.184(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F1(n)3.684 E F0 +1.184(is not)3.684 F(greater than or equal to 1.)144 148.8 Q F2(declar) +108 165.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 +<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(..])-2.5 E F2(typeset)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 +2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 +2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 189.6 R 1.265 +(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.565 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F +3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F1(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265 +(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.764(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v) +-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 201.6 S 3.46(riables. The).25 +F F2<ad70>3.46 E F0 .96(option will display the attrib)3.46 F .96 +(utes and v)-.2 F .96(alues of each)-.25 F F1(name)3.82 E F0 5.96(.W).18 +G(hen)-5.96 E F2<ad70>3.46 E F0 .96(is used)3.46 F(with)144 213.6 Q F1 +(name)2.775 E F0(ar)2.775 E .275 +(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F2<ad66>2.775 E F0(and) +2.775 E F2<ad46>2.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .274(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When) +5.274 E F2<ad70>2.774 E F0 .274(is supplied)2.774 F(without)144 225.6 Q +F1(name)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289(guments, it will display the attrib) +-.18 F 1.289(utes and v)-.2 F 1.29(alues of all v)-.25 F 1.29 +(ariables ha)-.25 F 1.29(ving the at-)-.2 F(trib)144 237.6 Q .38 +(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.)-.2 F .38 +(If no other options are supplied with)5.38 F F2<ad70>2.88 E F0(,)A F2 +(declar)2.88 E(e)-.18 E F0(will)2.88 E 1.106(display the attrib)144 +249.6 R 1.106(utes and v)-.2 F 1.106(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.606 +(ariables. The)-.25 F F2<ad66>3.606 E F0 1.107 +(option will restrict the display to)3.606 F .3(shell functions.)144 +261.6 R(The)5.3 E F2<ad46>2.8 E F0 .299(option inhibits the display of \ +function de\214nitions; only the function name)2.8 F 1.54(and attrib)144 +273.6 R 1.54(utes are printed.)-.2 F 1.54(If the)6.54 F F2(extdeb)4.04 E +(ug)-.2 E F0 1.54(shell option is enabled using)4.04 F F2(shopt)4.04 E +F0 4.04(,t)C 1.54(he source \214le)-4.04 F .648 +(name and line number where each)144 285.6 R F1(name)3.148 E F0 .648 +(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)3.148 F(The)5.648 E F2<ad46>3.148 E +F0 .648(option implies)3.148 F F2<ad66>144 297.6 Q F0 5.836(.T)C(he) +-5.836 E F2<ad67>3.336 E F0 .836(option forces v)3.336 F .837 +(ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.337(nw).15 G(hen)-3.337 E F2(de-)3.337 E(clar)144 309.6 Q +(e)-.18 E F0 .819(is e)3.319 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .819 +(cuted in a shell function.).15 F .818 +(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.818 F(The)5.818 E F2<ad49>3.318 E +F0 .818(option causes local)3.318 F -.25(va)144 321.6 S .693 +(riables to inherit the attrib).25 F .693(utes \(e)-.2 F .693(xcept the) +-.15 F F1(namer)3.194 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.194 E .694(ute\) and v)-.2 +F .694(alue of an)-.25 F 3.194(ye)-.15 G .694(xisting v)-3.344 F +(ariable)-.25 E .82(with the same)144 333.6 R F1(name)3.32 E F0 .82 +(at a surrounding scope.)3.32 F .82(If there is no e)5.82 F .82 +(xisting v)-.15 F .82(ariable, the local v)-.25 F .82(ariable is)-.25 F +.379(initially unset.)144 345.6 R .379(The follo)5.379 F .379 +(wing options can be used to restrict output to v)-.25 F .38 +(ariables with the speci\214ed)-.25 F(attrib)144 357.6 Q(ute or to gi) +-.2 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables attrib)-.1 E(utes:)-.2 E F2<ad61>144 +369.6 Q F0(Each)180 369.6 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F2(Arrays)2.5 E +F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2<ad41>144 381.6 Q F0(Each)180 +381.6 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F2(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G(\).).15 E F2<ad66>144 393.6 Q F0(Use function names only)180 +393.6 Q(.)-.65 E F2<ad69>144 405.6 Q F0 .558(The v)180 405.6 R .558 +(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .557 +(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 417.6 Q F0(abo) +2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v) +-2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F2<ad6c>144 429.6 Q +F0 .909(When the v)180 429.6 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 +(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 +G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 441.6 R +(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F2<ad6e>144 453.6 +Q F0(Gi)180 453.6 Q 1.62 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F1(name)3.82 E F0 +(the)3.82 E F1(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 +(ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E .477 +(That other v)180 465.6 R .478(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 F .478 +(alue of)-.25 F F1(name)2.978 E F0 5.478(.A)C .478 +(ll references, assignments, and at-)-5.478 F(trib)180 477.6 Q .782 +(ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F1(name)3.282 E F0 3.282(,e)C .782 +(xcept those using or changing the)-3.432 F F2<ad6e>3.281 E F0(attrib) +3.281 E .781(ute itself, are)-.2 F .808(performed on the v)180 489.6 R +.808(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F1(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D +3.308(alue. The).3 F .809(nameref attrib)3.309 F .809(ute cannot be)-.2 +F(applied to array v)180 501.6 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F2<ad72>144 513.6 Q F0 +(Mak)180 513.6 Q(e)-.1 E F1(name)3.655 E F0 3.655(sr)C(eadonly)-3.655 E +6.154(.T)-.65 G 1.154(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-6.154 F +1.154(alues by subsequent as-)-.25 F(signment statements or unset.)180 +525.6 Q F2<ad74>144 537.6 Q F0(Gi)180 537.6 Q .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach) +.15 E F1(name)2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F1(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib) +2.929 E 2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F2 +(DEB)2.929 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F2(RETURN)2.93 E F0 +(traps from the calling shell.)180 549.6 Q(The trace attrib)5 E +(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F2<ad75>144 +561.6 Q F0 .91(When the v)180 561.6 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 +F .909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 +F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 573.6 +R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F2<ad78> +144 585.6 Q F0(Mark)180 585.6 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E +(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .143 +(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 602.4 R 2.643(ft)-.25 G .143 +(he attrib)-2.643 F .143(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .144 +(xceptions that)-.15 F F2(+a)2.644 E F0(and)2.644 E F2(+A)2.644 E F0 +.144(may not)2.644 F .579(be used to destro)144 614.4 R 3.079(ya)-.1 G +.579(rray v)-3.079 F .579(ariables and)-.25 F F2(+r)3.079 E F0 .579 +(will not remo)3.079 F .879 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .579(he readonly attrib).15 +F 3.079(ute. When)-.2 F .578(used in a)3.078 F(function,)144 626.4 Q F2 +(declar)3.543 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.543 E F2(typeset)3.543 E F0(mak)3.543 +E 3.543(ee)-.1 G(ach)-3.543 E F1(name)3.543 E F0 1.043 +(local, as with the)3.543 F F2(local)3.544 E F0 1.044 +(command, unless the)3.544 F F2<ad67>3.544 E F0 1.205 +(option is supplied.)144 638.4 R 1.205(If a v)6.205 F 1.205 +(ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.205(wed by =)-.25 F F1(value)A F0 3.705 +(,t)C 1.205(he v)-3.705 F 1.205(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.205 +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F1(value)144 650.4 Q F0 5.217(.W)C .217 +(hen using)-5.217 F F2<ad61>2.717 E F0(or)2.717 E F2<ad41>2.717 E F0 +.217(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)2.717 F .218 +(ariables, addi-)-.25 F .882(tional attrib)144 662.4 R .882 +(utes do not tak)-.2 F 3.382(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.382 G .882 +(ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .882(The return v)5.882 F .882 +(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 674.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .365(lid optio\ +n is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using).25 F +/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .366(\255f foo=bar)2.866 F F0 2.866(,a)C 2.866(na) +-2.866 G(t-)-2.866 E .549(tempt is made to assign a v)144 686.4 R .549 +(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .548 +(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .548(alue to an)-.25 F +1.748(array v)144 698.4 R 1.748 +(ariable without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)-.25 F F2 +(Arrays)4.249 E F0(abo)4.249 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.749(\), one of the).15 F +F1(names)144 710.4 Q F0 .359(is not a v)2.859 F .359(alid shell v)-.25 F +.359(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.859(fr)-.25 G +.359(eadonly status for a read-)-2.859 F 1.212(only v)144 722.4 R 1.213 +(ariable, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 3.713(fa)-.25 G 1.213 +(rray status for an array v)-3.713 F 1.213(ariable, or an attempt is) +-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(6)203.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 7 7 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(made to display a non-e)144 84 Q +(xistent function with)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 100.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F1 2.5(][)C +<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F1(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 112.8 S .329 +(thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) +.4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 +(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 124.8 R 1.238 +(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 136.8 Q +F0 .928(command; the)3.428 F F1(popd)3.428 E F0 .928(command remo)3.428 +F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.428(se).15 G .928(ntries from the list.)-3.428 F .928 +(The current directory is al-)5.928 F -.1(wa)144 148.8 S +(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F1<ad63>144 160.8 Q F0 +(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 160.8 Q +F1<ad6c>144 172.8 Q F0 .881 +(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 172.8 R .882 +(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180 +184.8 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad70>144 196.8 Q F0 +(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 196.8 Q F1<ad76> +144 208.8 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ +pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 208.8 R 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772 +(nt)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 220.8 Q F1(+)144 232.8 Q F2(n)A F0 +1.564(Displays the)180 232.8 R F2(n)4.064 E F0 1.565 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F1 +(dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 244.8 Q F1<ad>144 256.8 Q F2 +(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 256.8 R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 +(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F +F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 268.8 Q .257(The return v)144 +285.6 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 +(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) +.15 F(tory stack.)144 297.6 Q F1(diso)108 314.4 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad68>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 +(... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 326.4 S .122 +(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(jobspec) +4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H +2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .121(is not present, and)2.932 +F .096(neither the)144 338.4 R F1<ad61>2.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F +F1<ad72>2.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E +.096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1 +<ad68>2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each) +.15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 350.4 Q F0 .586(is not remo)3.396 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G 3.086(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.086 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F +.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .585 +(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 362.4 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F3(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 +(If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1 +<ad61>3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 +H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.359(jobs; the)144 374.4 R F1 +<ad72>3.859 E F0 1.359(option without a)3.859 F F2(jobspec)5.599 E F0 +(ar)4.169 E 1.358(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F +1.358(The return)6.358 F -.25(va)144 386.4 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 +(jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E +F1(echo)108 403.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .424(Output the)144 415.2 R F2(ar)2.924 E(g)-.37 E +F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 +(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .308 +(error occurs.)144 427.2 R(If)5.308 E F1<ad6e>2.808 E F0 .308 +(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.808 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 +F .307(If the)5.308 F F1<ad65>2.807 E F0 .307(option is gi)2.807 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .307(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E .197(pretation of the follo)144 +439.2 R .198(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) +5.198 E F1<ad45>2.698 E F0 .198(option disables the in-)2.698 F .067 +(terpretation of these escape characters, e)144 451.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.567(no).15 G 2.567(ns)-2.567 G .067(ystems where the)-2.567 F 2.567 +(ya)-.15 G .067(re interpreted by def)-2.567 F 2.567(ault. The)-.1 F F1 +(xpg_echo)144 463.2 Q F0 .601 +(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.101 +F F1(echo)3.102 E F0 -.15(ex)3.102 G .602(pands these).15 F .659 +(escape characters by def)144 475.2 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.659 E F0 +.659(does not interpret)3.159 F F1<adad>3.159 E F0 .659 +(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.658 E F0(inter)3.158 E(-) +-.2 E(prets the follo)144 487.2 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a) +144 499.2 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 499.2 Q F1(\\b)144 511.2 Q F0 +(backspace)180 511.2 Q F1(\\c)144 523.2 Q F0(suppress further output)180 +523.2 Q F1(\\e)144 535.2 Q(\\E)144 547.2 Q F0(an escape character)180 +547.2 Q F1(\\f)144 559.2 Q F0(form feed)180 559.2 Q F1(\\n)144 571.2 Q +F0(ne)180 571.2 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 583.2 Q F0 +(carriage return)180 583.2 Q F1(\\t)144 595.2 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 +595.2 Q F1(\\v)144 607.2 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 607.2 S(rtical tab).15 E F1 +(\\\\)144 619.2 Q F0(backslash)180 619.2 Q F1(\\0)144 631.2 Q F2(nnn)A +F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 631.2 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 +E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1 +(\\x)144 643.2 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 643.2 Q +(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 +(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1 +(\\u)144 655.2 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.506 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 667.2 R 1.507 +(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) +4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 679.2 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 +(\\U)144 691.2 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 703.2 R .547 +(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) +3.047 E(HHH)180 715.2 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G +(igits\))-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(7)203.725 E +0 Cg EP +%%Page: 8 8 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(enable)108 84 Q F0([) +2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 +E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E .277(Enable and disable b)144 96 R .278 +(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 +(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834 +(the same name as a shell b)144 108 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 3.333(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989 +(the shell normally searches for b)144 120 R .989 +(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 .99 +(is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F .649 +(abled; otherwise,)144 132 R F2(names)3.148 E F0 .648(are enabled.)3.148 +F -.15(Fo)5.648 G 3.148(re).15 G .648(xample, to use the)-3.298 F F1 +(test)3.148 E F0 .648(binary found via the)3.148 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +-.666(PA)3.148 G(TH)-.189 E F0(in-)2.898 E .538(stead of the shell b)144 +144 R .538(uiltin v)-.2 F .538(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF +.538(enable -n test)3.038 F F0 5.538(.T)C(he)-5.538 E F1<ad66>3.038 E F0 +.539(option means to load the ne)3.038 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 156 S 1.365 +(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.225 E F0 1.365(from shared object)4.045 F +F2(\214lename)5.775 E F0 3.865(,o).18 G 3.865(ns)-3.865 G 1.365 +(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-3.865 F(The)144 168 Q F1<ad64> +2.866 E F0 .366(option will delete a b)2.866 F .366(uiltin pre)-.2 F +.366(viously loaded with)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.867 E F0 5.367(.I)C 2.867(fn) +-5.367 G(o)-2.867 E F2(name)2.867 E F0(ar)2.867 E .367(guments are gi) +-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .367(n, or).15 F .399(if the)144 180 R F1<ad70> +2.899 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 +(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 +F .398(guments, the)-.18 F .098(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 +192 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098 +(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .099(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F +(If)5.099 E F1<ad61>2.599 E F0 .906 +(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 204 R .905 +(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is en-)-.2 F 2.872 +(abled. If)144 216 R F1<ad73>2.872 E F0 .372 +(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.872 F F2(special) +2.873 E F0 -.2(bu)2.873 G 2.873(iltins. The).2 F .373(return v)2.873 F +.373(alue is)-.25 F 2.5(0u)144 228 S(nless a)-2.5 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 +(is not a shell b)2.68 E(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne)-.2 E +2.5(wb)-.25 G(uiltin from a shared object.)-2.7 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 +244.8 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 256.8 +Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C .671 +(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F .67 +(This command is then read)5.67 F .478(and e)144 268.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.478(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .478 +(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .479(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 +(ev a)2.979 H(l).15 E F0 5.479(.I)C 2.979(ft)-5.479 G .479(here are no) +-2.979 F F2(ar)3.309 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 280.8 Q +(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 +(exec)108 297.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2 +(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) +-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 309.6 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 +(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 +(wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E +(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 321.6 R .176 +(guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G +(he)-2.676 E F1<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176 +(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177 +(ginning of)-.15 F .48(the zeroth ar)144 333.6 R .48(gument passed to) +-.18 F F2(command)3.18 E F0 5.48(.T).77 G .48(his is what)-5.48 F F2(lo) +3.07 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .48(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.48 E F1<ad63>2.98 E F0 +.48(option causes)2.98 F F2(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 345.6 Q F0 .638 +(to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 +(vironment. If)-.4 F F1<ad61>3.138 E F0 .638 +(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the) +3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 357.6 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 +1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) +.15 F(non-interacti)144 369.6 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F +.576(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.076 E F0 .577 +(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .577(In that case, it returns f)5.577 +F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 381.6 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s) +-.25 H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82 +(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .287(tionally if)144 393.6 R F1(exec)2.787 E F0 +-.1(fa)2.787 G 2.787(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.987 E F0 .287 +(is not speci\214ed, an)3.557 F 2.788(yr)-.15 G .288(edirections tak) +-2.788 F 2.788(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.788 G .288(ect in the current shell,) +.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 405.6 Q +(If there is a redirection error)5 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G +(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 422.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .096(Cause the shell to e)144 422.4 R .096(xit with a status of) +-.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095 +(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command) +-.15 F -.15(exe)144 434.4 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5 +E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E +F1(export)108 451.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name) +-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 463.2 Q +F0 .256(The supplied)144 475.2 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 +F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257 +(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627 +(commands. If)144 487.2 R(the)2.627 E F1<ad66>2.627 E F0 .127 +(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.987 E +F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E +F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70> +144 499.2 Q F0 .048(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F +.048(xported v)-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1 +<ad6e>2.548 E F0 .048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 511.2 S +1.447(port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 +(rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G +1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d) +-.37 E F0 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 523.2 S .741(lue of the v) +.25 F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 +(export)5.741 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .742 +(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .742(lid option is) +.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 535.2 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032 +(is not a v)2.532 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 +F F1<ad66>2.531 E F0 .031(is supplied with a)2.531 F F2(name)2.891 E F0 +(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 547.2 Q F1(fc)108 564 Q F0([)2.5 E +F1<ad65>A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +<8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 +576 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .431 +(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 588 R F2<8c72> +4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .432 +(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .142(edits and re-e)144 +600 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) +.45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141 +(may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be) +144 612 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 F +2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .071(is used as an of) +144 624 R .071(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F .071 +(When listing, a)5.071 F F2<8c72>2.571 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)2.571 E F2(last) +2.571 E F0 .071(of 0 is equi)2.571 F -.25(va)-.25 G(-).25 E .653 +(lent to \2551 and \2550 is equi)144 636 R -.25(va)-.25 G .653 +(lent to the current command \(usually the).25 F F1(fc)3.153 E F0 .653 +(command\); otherwise 0 is)3.153 F(equi)144 648 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .242 +(lent to \2551 and \2550 is in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.742(lid. If).25 F +F2(last)2.832 E F0 .242 +(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the current command for list-)3.422 F +.092(ing \(so that)144 660 R F4 .092(fc \255l \25510)2.592 F F0 .093 +(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)2.592 F F2<8c72>4.503 E(st)-.1 E +F0 2.593(otherwise. If)3.273 F F2<8c72>4.503 E(st)-.1 E F0 .093 +(is not speci-)3.273 F(\214ed, it is set to the pre)144 672 Q +(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 696 Q +F1<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022 +(option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E +F1<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 +(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 708 R .438(If the)5.438 +F F1<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 +(n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E +.335(the editor gi)144 720 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E F2 +(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do) +.1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F +(If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n,).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(8)203.725 E 0 Cg +EP +%%Page: 9 9 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .63(the v)144 84 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F +/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 -.25(va)2.88 G .631 +(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25 F F1(EDIT)3.131 E(OR) +-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F1(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 .631(is not set.)2.881 F .631 +(If nei-)5.631 F .006(ther v)144 96 R .006(ariable is set,)-.25 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(vi)4.171 E F0 .005(is used.)4.171 F .005 +(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and e)5.005 F +(x-)-.15 E(ecuted.)144 108 Q .788(In the second form,)144 132 R F2 +(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 +(cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 +(is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.289 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.789 +E(mand)144 144 Q F0 .172(is interpreted the same as)2.672 F F2<8c72> +2.672 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.672 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.172(.A).15 G .171 +(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .171 +(r='fc \255s')2.671 F F0 2.671(,s)C 2.671(ot)-2.671 G(hat)-2.671 E +(typing)144 156 Q F3 7.165(rc)3.665 G(c)-7.165 E F0 1.165 +(runs the last command be)3.665 F 1.166(ginning with)-.15 F F3(cc)3.666 +E F0 1.166(and typing)3.666 F F3(r)3.666 E F0(re-e)3.666 E -.15(xe)-.15 +G 1.166(cutes the last com-).15 F(mand.)144 168 Q .142 +(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 192 R .142 +(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 +(lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 +E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 204 R +.454(If the)5.454 F/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454 +(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455 +(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 216 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 +(cuted or f).15 F .787 +(ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F +.787(If the)5.787 F 1.135 +(second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 +228 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136 +(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 240 Q +(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F4(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E +(ailure.)-.1 E F4(fg)108 256.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) +144 268.8 Q F2(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413 +(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 +(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 +1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 280.8 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G +.616(otion of the)-3.116 F F2(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 +(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617 +(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 292.8 Q +.363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363 +(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362 +(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 304.8 Q +F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0 +(speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E +F4(getopts)108 321.6 Q F2(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 +(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F4(getopts)144 333.6 Q F0 .793 +(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F2 +(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 345.6 R .149 +(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 357.6 Q .578 +(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579 +(The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E .636 +(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 369.6 R .636 +(Each time it is in)5.636 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F4(getopts) +3.136 E F0 .636(places the ne)3.136 F .635(xt op-)-.15 F .029 +(tion in the shell v)144 381.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)2.889 E F0 2.529 +(,i).18 G(nitializing)-2.529 E F2(name)2.889 E F0 .029(if it does not e) +2.709 F .03(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 2.53(xo)-.15 G 2.53(ft)-2.53 G .03 +(he ne)-2.53 F .03(xt ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E .066 +(ment to be processed into the v)144 393.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(OPTIND) +2.566 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(OPTIND)4.566 E F0 .065 +(is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a)2.315 F .885 +(shell script is in)144 405.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.385(d. When) +.1 F .885(an option requires an ar)3.385 F(gument,)-.18 E F4(getopts) +3.385 E F0 .885(places that ar)3.385 F .885(gument into)-.18 F .567 +(the v)144 417.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(OPT)3.067 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0 +.566(The shell does not reset)5.067 F F1(OPTIND)3.066 E F0 .566 +(automatically; it must be manually reset)2.816 F .389 +(between multiple calls to)144 429.6 R F4(getopts)2.889 E F0 .389 +(within the same shell in)2.889 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .39(cation if a ne).2 F +2.89(ws)-.25 G .39(et of parameters is to)-2.89 F(be used.)144 441.6 Q +2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 465.6 R F4(getopts) +4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043 +(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F1(OPTIND)144 477.6 Q F0 +(is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G +(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 +(is set to ?.)2.5 E F4(getopts)144 501.6 Q F0 .485 +(normally parses the positional parameters, b)2.985 F .485 +(ut if more ar)-.2 F .485(guments are supplied as)-.18 F F2(ar)3.315 E +(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(va)3.205 G(l-).25 E(ues,)144 513.6 Q F4(getopts)2.5 E +F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F4(getopts)144 537.6 Q F0 .345 +(can report errors in tw)2.845 F 2.845(ow)-.1 G 2.845(ays. If)-2.945 F +.345(the \214rst character of)2.845 F F2(optstring)3.075 E F0 .345 +(is a colon,)3.065 F F2(silent)3.185 E F0 .345(error re-)3.525 F 1.668 +(porting is used.)144 549.6 R 1.668 +(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.668 F +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.669(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 +561.6 R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F +(ariable)-.25 E F1(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394 +(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 573.6 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E +F2(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .666(If an in)144 597.6 R +-.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,).25 F F4(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667 +(places ? into)3.167 F F2(name)3.527 E F0 .667 +(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4(and unsets)144 +609.6 R F1(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F4(getopts)2.899 E +F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F1 +(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F +(diagnostic message is printed.)144 621.6 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 +645.6 R 1.241(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F4(getopts)3.741 E F0 +1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F4(?).833 E F0 3.742 +(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242(laced in)-3.742 F F2(name)144.36 +657.6 Q F0(,).18 E F1(OPT)2.714 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .213 +(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.463 F(If)5.213 E F4 +(getopts)2.713 E F0 .213(is silent, then a colon \()2.713 F F4(:).833 E +F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 669.6 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F1 +(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F4 +(getopts)144 693.6 Q F0 .902 +(returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) +3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F +(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 705.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 +768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(9)203.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 10 10 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(hash)108 84 Q F0([) +2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 +E F0(])A .858(Each time)144 96 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F +-.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F +F2(name)3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 +(the directories in)144 108 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 +.956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 +(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .243(If the)144 120 R +F1<ad70>2.743 E F0 .243 +(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.743 F F2 +(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .242(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F .615 +(of the command.)144 132 R(The)5.615 E F1<ad72>3.115 E F0 .615 +(option causes the shell to for)3.115 F .615 +(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)5.615 E F1<ad64>3.115 E F0 +(op-)3.115 E .294(tion causes the shell to for)144 144 R .294 +(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)2.793 E F0 5.293(.I) +C 2.793(ft)-5.293 G(he)-2.793 E F1<ad74>2.793 E F0 .293 +(option is supplied,)2.793 F .028(the full pathname to which each)144 +156 R F2(name)2.528 E F0 .028(corresponds is printed.)2.528 F .028 +(If multiple)5.028 F F2(name)2.528 E F0(ar)2.528 E .028 +(guments are sup-)-.18 F .176(plied with)144 168 R F1<ad74>2.676 E F0 +2.676(,t)C(he)-2.676 E F2(name)2.676 E F0 .175 +(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)2.676 F(The)5.175 E F1 +<ad6c>2.675 E F0 .175(option causes output to)2.675 F .783 +(be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 180 R .783 +(If no ar)5.783 F .783(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .783 +(n, or if only).15 F F1<ad6c>3.283 E F0(is)3.283 E .807 +(supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)144 192 R +.807(The return status is true unless a)5.807 F F2(name)144.36 204 Q F0 +(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.).25 +E F1(help)108 220.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(pattern) +-2.5 E F0(])A .866(Display helpful information about b)144 232.8 R .867 +(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 .867 +(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .224(help on all commands matching)144 +244.8 R F2(pattern)3.974 E F0 2.723(;o).24 G .223 +(therwise help for all the b)-2.723 F .223 +(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 256.8 Q F1 +<ad64>144 268.8 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 268.8 Q F2 +(pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 280.8 Q F0(Display the description of each) +180 280.8 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G +(ormat)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 292.8 Q F0 +(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 292.8 Q F2(pattern)2.5 +E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 309.6 Q F2 +(pattern)3.75 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 326.4 Q F2(n)A F1(])A +(history \255c)108 338.4 Q(history \255d)108 350.4 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset) +-.18 E F1(history \255d)108 362.4 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F2(end)A F1 +(history \255anrw)108 374.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A F1 +(history \255p)108 386.4 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 +(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 398.4 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 +410.4 S .752 +(th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F +.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 422.4 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 +F F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 +(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.88 E(MA)144 434.4 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264 +(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.514 F F2 +(strftime)2.765 E F0 .265(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.02 +(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 446.4 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G +3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 +(ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 +(time stamp and the history line.)144 458.4 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) +2.676 E F0 .176 +(is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F +(not, the v)144 470.4 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) +2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 482.4 Q F0 +(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 482.4 Q F1 +<ad64>144 494.4 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .39 +(Delete the history entry at position)180 506.4 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset) +-.18 E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne) +2.889 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.889(,i).15 G 2.889(ti) +-2.889 G 2.889(si)-2.889 G .389(nterpreted as relati)-2.889 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G .598(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 +518.4 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .599 +(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 530.4 Q 2.5(,a) +-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G +(efers to the current)-2.5 E F1(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 +<ad64>144 542.4 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F2(end)A F0 .758 +(Delete the history entries between positions)180 554.4 R F2(start)3.258 +E F0(and)3.257 E F2(end)3.257 E F0 3.257(,i)C(nclusi)-3.257 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G 5.757(.P).15 G(ositi)-5.757 E 1.057 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .757(nd ne) +.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)180 566.4 Q .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H +(alues for)-.1 E F2(start)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(end)2.5 E F0 +(are interpreted as described abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1<ad61> +144 578.4 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 578.4 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.064 +('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.064 F .565 +(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 590.4 Q +(ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E +(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 602.4 +Q F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214\ +le into the current history list.)180 602.4 R .772 +(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 614.4 R +.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E +(sion.)180 626.4 Q F1<ad72>144 638.4 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\ +ory \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 638.4 Q F1 +<ad77>144 650.4 Q F0 +(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 650.4 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G +(ontents.)-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 662.4 Q F0 .626 +(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 662.4 R(wing)-.25 E F2 +(ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard) +3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 674.4 R .475 +(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar) +2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F +(normal history e)180 686.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 698.4 Q F0 +.363(Store the)180 698.4 R F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 +(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 710.4 Q -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 +(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 727.2 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) +-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 +(riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) +.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(10)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 11 11 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .669 +(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 84 R .669 +(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 +(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 96 R .956 +(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 +(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .833 +(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 108 R .833 +(wing history entry)-.25 F 5.832(.T)-.65 G .832(he return v)-5.832 F +.832(alue is 0 unless an in-)-.25 F -.25(va)144 120 S .168(lid option i\ +s encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \ +\214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(of) +2.669 E(f-)-.18 E(set)144 132 Q F0(is supplied as an ar)2.5 E(gument to) +-.18 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad64>2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G +(he history e)-2.5 E(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 E(gument to)-.18 E +F2<ad70>2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F2(jobs)108 148.8 Q F0([)2.5 E +F2(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F2(jobs \255x)108 +160.8 Q F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E +(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 172.8 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5 +(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad6c>144 184.8 Q F0 +(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 184.8 Q F2 +<ad6e>144 196.8 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha) +180 196.8 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 +F .193(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 208.8 Q F2<ad70> +144 220.8 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 220.8 Q 2.5(sp) +-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2<ad72>144 232.8 Q F0 +(Display only running jobs.)180 232.8 Q F2<ad73>144 244.8 Q F0 +(Display only stopped jobs.)180 244.8 Q(If)144 261.6 Q F1(jobspec)4.553 +E F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 +(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T) +-.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 273.6 Q -.25 +(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 +E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 290.4 R F2 +<ad78>2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F2(jobs)2.894 E F0 +.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F1(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) +3.204 F F1(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F1(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394 +(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 302.4 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F1(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F1(ar) +2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 +E F2(kill)108 319.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad73>A F1(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E +F2<ad6e>2.5 E F1(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2<ad>2.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0 2.5 +(][)C F1(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F2 +(kill \255l)108 331.2 Q F0(|)A F2<ad4c>A F0([)2.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0(|) +2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .017 +(Send the signal named by)144 343.2 R F1(sigspec)2.857 E F0(or)2.827 E +F1(signum)2.857 E F0 .017(to the processes named by)2.837 F F1(pid)3.767 +E F0(or)3.287 E F1(jobspec)4.257 E F0(.).31 E F1(sigspec)5.357 E F0(is) +2.828 E .319(either a case-insensiti)144 355.2 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +.319(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 +.318(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 367.2 Q F1(signum)3.267 E F0 +.427(is a signal number)3.247 F 5.427(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.427 E F1(sigspec) +3.267 E F0 .427(is not present, then)3.237 F F3(SIGTERM)2.927 E F0 .427 +(is assumed.)2.677 F .428(An ar)5.427 F(-)-.2 E .314(gument of)144 379.2 +R F2<ad6c>2.814 E F0 .314(lists the signal names.)2.814 F .314(If an) +5.314 F 2.814(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.814 G .314(uments are supplied when) +.18 F F2<ad6c>2.814 E F0 .314(is gi)2.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 +(n, the names of).15 F .119(the signals corresponding to the ar)144 +391.2 R .119(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The) +5.12 E F1 -.2(ex)2.62 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)2.62 E(-)-.2 E .8 +(gument to)144 403.2 R F2<ad6c>3.3 E F0 .8 +(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)3.3 F .799 +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .962(nated by a signal.)144 415.2 +R(The)5.962 E F2<ad4c>3.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va) +-.25 G .962(lent to).25 F F2<ad6c>3.462 E F0(.)A F2(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 +(returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E +(successfully sent, or f)144 427.2 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in) +-.1 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F2(let)108 444 Q F1 +(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 +456 Q F1(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197 +(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .196(luated \(see).25 F F3 .196 +(ARITHMETIC EV)2.696 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo) +2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(\). If).15 F(the last)144 468 Q F1(ar)2.83 +E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F2(let)2.5 E F0 +(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F2(local)108 484.8 Q F0([)2.5 +E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 496.8 S 2.541(re).15 G .041(ach ar) +-2.541 F .042(gument, a local v)-.18 F .042(ariable named)-.25 F F1 +(name)2.902 E F0 .042(is created, and assigned)2.722 F F1(value)2.832 E +F0 5.042(.T).18 G(he)-5.042 E F1(option)2.542 E F0 .042(can be)2.542 F +(an)144 508.8 Q 3.153(yo)-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653 +(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F2(declar)3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W) +C(hen)-5.652 E F2(local)3.152 E F0 .652 +(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 +520.8 Q F1(name)3.281 E F0 .421(to ha)3.101 F .721 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H +.422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F +(If)5.422 E F1(name)2.922 E F0 .422(is \255, the set)2.922 F .51 +(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 532.8 R F2 +(local)3.009 E F0 .509(is in)3.009 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .509 +(d: shell options changed us-).1 F 1.17(ing the)144 544.8 R F2(set)3.67 +E F0 -.2(bu)3.67 G 1.171 +(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.171 +(alues when the function re-)-.25 F 3.381(turns. The)144 556.8 R .881 +(restore is ef)3.381 F .881(fected as if a series of)-.25 F F2(set)3.381 +E F0 .88(commands were e)3.38 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .88 +(cuted to restore the v).15 F(alues)-.25 E .787 +(that were in place before the function.)144 568.8 R -.4(Wi)5.788 G .788 +(th no operands,).4 F F2(local)3.288 E F0 .788(writes a list of local v) +3.288 F .788(ariables to)-.25 F .655(the standard output.)144 580.8 R +.654(It is an error to use)5.655 F F2(local)3.154 E F0 .654 +(when not within a function.)3.154 F .654(The return status is 0)5.654 F +(unless)144 592.8 Q F2(local)2.5 E F0(is used outside a function, an in) +2.5 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or)2.68 E +F1(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F2(logout)108 +609.6 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 609.6 Q F2(map\214le)108 626.4 Q F0 +([)2.5 E F2<ad64>A F1(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad6e>-2.5 E F1(count) +2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad4f>-2.5 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad73> +-2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad75> +-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad43>-2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E +F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad63>-2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E +(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F2 -.18(re)108 638.4 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +<ad64>A F1(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad6e>-2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F2<ad4f>-2.5 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad73>-2.5 E F1 +(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad75>-2.5 E F1 +(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad43>-2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) +C F2<ad63>-2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 +(])A .158(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 650.4 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 2.659(da).15 G .159(rray v)-2.659 F(ariable)-.25 E F1 +(arr)2.989 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.659(,o).32 G 2.659(rf)-2.659 G .159 +(rom \214le descriptor)-2.659 F F1(fd)4.629 E F0 1.249(if the)144 662.4 +R F2<ad75>3.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 +F(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 +E F1(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,) +-6.248 F(ha)144 674.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad64>144 686.4 Q F0 .91 +(The \214rst character of)180 686.4 R F1(delim)3.41 E F0 .911 +(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.41 F 3.411 +(wline. If)-.25 F F1(delim)180 698.4 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F2 +(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character) +2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2<ad6e>144 710.4 Q F0(Cop)180 710.4 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5 +(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F1(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F1(count) +2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(11)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 12 12 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad4f>144 84 Q F0(Be) +180 84 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(arr)2.83 E(ay) +-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x)-.15 E F2(origin)2.73 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def) +-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 96 +Q F0(Discard the \214rst)180 96 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1 +<ad74>144 108 Q F0(Remo)180 108 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 E F2 +(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E(wline\) from each line read.) +-.25 E F1<ad75>144 120 Q F0(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 120 Q +F2(fd)2.5 E F0(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1<ad43>144 132 Q F0 +(Ev)180 132 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E +F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0 +(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.75 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 144 Q +F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 144 Q F2 +(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 160.8 Q F1<ad43>2.968 E F0 .467 +(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F1<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 +(he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 +(callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 +(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 172.8 R 2.761(xo)-.15 +G 2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be ass\ +igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275 +(as additional ar)144 184.8 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E +F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 +(luated after the line is read b).25 F .274 +(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 196.8 Q +(If not supplied with an e)144 213.6 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 +(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 +(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 230.4 Q F0 .797 +(returns successfully unless an in)3.297 F -.25(va)-.4 G .797 +(lid option or option ar).25 F .797(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) +3.297 E(ay)-.15 E F0 .798(is in-)3.298 F -.25(va)144 242.4 S +(lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 +(is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E +F1(popd)108 259.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 271.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se) +.15 G .3(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.8 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299 +(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G +.299(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.478(stack, and performs a)144 +283.2 R F1(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 +(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.479 +(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.779 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.479(he follo).15 +F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 295.2 Q F1<ad6e>144 307.2 Q F0 .551 +(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 307.2 R .551 +(ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F +(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 319.2 Q F1(+)144 331.2 Q F2(n)A +F0(Remo)180 331.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E +F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 +F F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 +343.2 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 +(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,) +-.65 E F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1<ad>144 355.2 Q F2(n)A F0 +(Remo)180 355.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F2(n)3.76 E F0 +1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259(wn by) +-.25 F F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5 +(zero. F)180 367.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0 +(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 +E F3(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .643(If the)144 +384 R F1(popd)3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F1(dirs) +3.143 E F0 .644(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 +F F1(popd)5.644 E F0 .416(returns f)144 396 R .416(alse if an in)-.1 F +-.25(va)-.4 G .415 +(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915 +(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.915 E .415(xistent direc-)-.15 F +(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 408 Q +(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 424.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A F2(var)2.5 E F0 +(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .357 +(Write the formatted)144 436.8 R F2(ar)2.857 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .357 +(to the standard output under the control of the)2.857 F F2(format)2.858 +E F0 5.358(.T)C(he)-5.358 E F1<ad76>2.858 E F0(op-)2.858 E .714 +(tion causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 448.8 R(ariable)-.25 +E F2(var)3.214 E F0 .714(rather than being printed to the standard)3.214 +F(output.)144 460.8 Q(The)144 484.8 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(is a ch\ +aracter string which contains three types of objects: plain characters,\ + which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, character esc\ +ape sequences, which are con)144 496.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 +(rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ +\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 508.8 R .037 +(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 520.8 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 +5.532(.I)C 3.032(na)-5.532 G .532(ddition to the standard)-3.032 F F2 +(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.031 +E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 532.8 Q +(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 544.8 Q F0(causes)180 544.8 Q F1(printf) +2.595 E F0 .096(to e)2.595 F .096 +(xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar) +2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .096(in the)2.596 F(same w)180 556.8 Q(ay as) +-.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 568.8 Q F0(causes)180 568.8 Q +F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E +(gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F +(input.)180 580.8 Q F1(%\()144 592.8 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes) +180 604.8 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 +(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F2(datefmt) +4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 616.8 R F2 +(strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) +2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 +(ger representing the number)-.15 F .292(of seconds since the epoch.)180 +628.8 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F +.293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .694 +(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 640.8 R +.693(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.193(d. If).1 F .693(no ar) +3.193 F .693(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 652.8 R -.15 +(ve)-.4 G .21(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.71(sa).15 G 2.71(si)-2.71 +G 2.71<66ad>-2.71 G 2.71(1h)-2.71 G .21(ad been gi)-2.71 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 2.71(n. This).15 F .21(is an e)2.71 F .21(xception to the usual)-.15 F +F1(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 664.8 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .902 +(The %b, %q, and %T directi)144 681.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.401(sa).15 G +.901(ll use the \214eld width and precision ar)-3.401 F .901 +(guments from the format)-.18 F .357(speci\214cation and write that man) +144 693.6 R 2.857(yb)-.15 G .358 +(ytes from \(or use that wide a \214eld for\) the e)-2.857 F .358 +(xpanded ar)-.15 F(gument,)-.18 E +(which usually contains more characters than the original.)144 705.6 Q +(Ar)144 722.4 Q .464(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are trea\ +ted as C constants, e)-.18 F .463(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(12)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 13 13 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E 1.258(minus sign is allo)144 84 R 1.259 +(wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) +-.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 96 Q(alue of the follo)-.25 +E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 112.8 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(format)2.515 E F0 .015(is reused as necessary to consume all of the) +2.515 F F1(ar)2.515 E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.015(.I)C 2.514(ft)-5.015 G(he) +-2.514 E F1(format)2.514 E F0 .014(requires more)2.514 F F1(ar)2.514 E +(-)-.2 E(guments)144 124.8 Q F0 .565(than are supplied, the e)3.065 F +.566(xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .866 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.066 +(si).15 G 3.066(faz)-3.066 G .566(ero v)-3.066 F .566 +(alue or null string,)-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 +136.8 Q(The return v)5 E(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E +(ailure.)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(pushd)108 153.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 +<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A +F2(pushd)108 165.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C F1(dir)-2.5 E F0 +(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates\ + the stack, making the ne)144 177.6 R 3.139(wt)-.25 G .639(op of the) +-3.139 F .416(stack the current w)144 189.6 R .416(orking directory)-.1 +F 5.416(.W)-.65 G .416(ith no ar)-5.816 F(guments,)-.18 E F2(pushd)2.916 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.916 G .416(changes the top tw).15 F 2.917(od)-.1 G +(irectories)-2.917 E 1.625 +(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 201.6 R 6.625 +(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.925 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 213.6 Q +F2<ad6e>144 225.6 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory \ +when rotating or adding directories to the)180 225.6 R +(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 237.6 Q F2(+)144 +249.6 Q F1(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 249.6 R F1(n) +3.768 E F0 1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B +1.267(wn by)-.25 F F2(dirs)180 261.6 Q F0 2.5(,s)C +(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F2<ad>144 273.6 Q F1(n)A F0 +.92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 273.6 R F1(n)3.42 E F0 .92 +(th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 +F F2(dirs)180 285.6 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) +-2.5 E F1(dir)144.35 297.6 Q F0(Adds)180 297.6 Q F1(dir)3.138 E F0 .288 +(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.518 F 2.787(wc) +-.25 G .287(urrent w)-2.787 F .287(orking directory as)-.1 F +(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 309.6 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F2 +(cd)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .488(If the)144 326.4 R F2(pushd) +2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F2(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 +(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F +F2(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 338.4 R F1(dir) +3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 +F F2(pushd)3.539 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846 +(stack is empty)144 350.4 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent\ + directory stack element is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the) +-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 362.4 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 +E(ails.)-.1 E F2(pwd)108 379.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 +(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 391.2 R .845 +(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844 +(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144 +403.2 R F2<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F2 +.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F2 +(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264 +(enabled. If)144 415.2 R(the)3.264 E F2<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763 +(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264 +F .763(The return)5.763 F .405(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ + reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 427.2 R -.25(va) +-.4 G .405(lid op-).25 F(tion is supplied.)144 439.2 Q F2 -.18(re)108 +456 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F2(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F2<ad61>-3.817 E +F1(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F2<ad64>-3.817 E F1(delim)3.817 E F0 +3.817(][)C F2<ad69>-3.817 E F1(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F2 +<ad6e>-3.817 E F1(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad4e> +-3.816 E F1(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad70>-3.816 E +F1(pr)3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad74>-3.816 E F1(timeout) +3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad75>-3.816 E F1(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 468 Q +F1(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, \ +or from the \214le descriptor)144 480 R F1(fd)3.016 E F0 .516 +(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 492 Q F2<ad75> +2.936 E F0 .436(option, split into w)2.936 F .435(ords as described abo) +-.1 F .735 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -.75(Wo)2.935 G .435 +(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.935(,a)C .435(nd the \214rst w)-2.935 F .435 +(ord is as-)-.1 F .375(signed to the \214rst)144 504 R F1(name)3.235 E +F0 2.876(,t).18 G .376(he second w)-2.876 F .376(ord to the second)-.1 F +F1(name)3.236 E F0 2.876(,a).18 G .376(nd so on.)-2.876 F .376 +(If there are more w)5.376 F(ords)-.1 E .237 +(than names, the remaining w)144 516 R .237(ords and their interv)-.1 F +.237(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F1(name)3.096 E F0 +5.236(.I).18 G(f)-5.236 E .874(there are fe)144 528 R .874(wer w)-.25 F +.875(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names ar\ +e assigned)-.1 F .518(empty v)144 540 R 3.018(alues. The)-.25 F .518 +(characters in)3.018 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.018 E F0 .518 +(are used to split the line into w)2.768 F .517 +(ords using the same rules the)-.1 F .026(shell uses for e)144 552 R +.026(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .326 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 +-.75(Wo)2.526 G .026(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.526(\). The)B .026 +(backslash character \()2.526 F F2(\\)A F0 2.527(\)m)C(ay)-2.527 E .489 +(be used to remo)144 564 R .788 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .788 -.15(ny s).15 H +.488(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .488 +(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F(Op-)5.488 E +(tions, if supplied, ha)144 576 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad61>144 588 Q F1(aname)2.5 E F0 1.025(The w) +180 600 R 1.026(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v) +-.1 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(aname)3.856 E F0 3.526(,s).18 G 1.026 +(tarting at 0.)-3.526 F F1(aname)180.33 612 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 +E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E +F1(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F2<ad64>144 624 Q +F1(delim)2.5 E F0 .281(The \214rst character of)180 636 R F1(delim)2.781 +E F0 .281(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.781 F +2.78(wline. If)-.25 F F1(de-)2.78 E(lim)180 648 Q F0 +(is the empty string,)2.5 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 +(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2 +<ad65>144 660 Q F0 .372 +(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 660 R F2 -.18(re) +2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E .218 +(to obtain the line.)180 672 R .218(Readline uses the current \(or def) +5.218 F .218(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F +(viously)-.25 E(acti)180 684 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G +(diting settings, b)-2.5 E(ut uses Readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 +E(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F2<ad69>144 696 Q F1(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 +E F0(If)180 696 Q F2 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 +(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F1(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 +(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-) +-.25 F(ing be)180 708 Q(gins.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20) +149.565 E(13)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 14 14 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6e>144 84 Q/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 96 S(ad) +.18 E F0 .323(returns after reading)2.823 F F2(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s) +-.1 E F0 .323(characters rather than w)2.823 F .323 +(aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 108 Q +(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 +E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 +<ad4e>144 120 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 132 S(ad) +.18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 +E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27 +(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 +(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 144 R F1 -.18(re)2.775 +G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274(Delimiter characters encoun-) +5.274 F 1.002 +(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 156 R +F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)3.503 +E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 168 R .608 +(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 +3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 180 S .669 +(riable is assigned e).25 F .669 +(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67 +(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1<ad72>180 192 Q F0(option belo) +2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<ad70>144 204 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display) +180 216 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F +3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161 +(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 228 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5 +(nput. The)-2.5 F +(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 +<ad72>144 240 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +180 240 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of) +-5.543 F .493(the line.)180 252 R .493(In particular)5.493 F 2.993(,ab) +-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.993 E .493 +(wline pair may not then be used as a line continua-)-.25 F(tion.)180 +264 Q F1<ad73>144 276 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 276 Q +(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 +<ad74>144 288 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 300 Q F1 -.18(re)2.928 G +(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.928 F .428 +(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .561 +(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 312 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0 +(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .56(may be a decimal number) +3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 324 Q +(wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E +.3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ +g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 +336 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 348 R .589 +(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.589 E F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 +(times out,)3.089 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve) +-.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .59 +(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 360 S(riable) +.25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27 +(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77 +F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G +(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 372 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a) +-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor) +.25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 +384 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e) +.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1<ad75>144 396 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 396 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .522 +(If no)144 412.8 R F2(names)3.382 E F0 .522 +(are supplied, the line read, without the ending delimiter b)3.292 F +.522(ut otherwise unmodi\214ed, is)-.2 F 1.186(assigned to the v)144 +424.8 R(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.186(The e)5.686 F 1.186 +(xit status is zero, unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)-.15 F F1 -.18 +(re)3.687 G(ad).18 E F0 .961 +(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a v)144 +436.8 R .96(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .706 +(signing to a readonly v)144 448.8 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in) +-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .706(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar) +.25 F .707(gument to)-.18 F F1<ad75>144 460.8 Q F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 +477.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E +F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..]) +-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 489.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 +.77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 +F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096 +(quent assignment.)144 501.6 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0 +1.097(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2 +(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 513.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) +-.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 +(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) +-3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) +-.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 525.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 +(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F1<ad41>3.277 E +F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name) +3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 537.6 R -.15(ve) +-.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.021 E F0 .521 +(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F +.521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ +to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 549.6 R(The)5.296 E F1 +<ad70>2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786 +(causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.) +144 561.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 +573.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) +-3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor) +3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) +-5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the) +144 585.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) +-.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26 +(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 597.6 Q F0 +(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 614.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 +E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 626.4 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 +(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F +5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597 +(the return status is that of the last command e)144 638.4 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E +F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 650.4 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267 +(he last command used to determine the status is the last command e) +-2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .268(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler) +144 662.4 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 +E F0 .02(is e)2.52 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB)2.52 +E(UG)-.1 E F0 .02(trap, the last command used to deter)2.52 F(-)-.2 E +.885(mine the status is the last command e)144 674.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)3.386 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)3.386 G 3.386(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.386 H -.1(ke) +.4 G 3.386(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 686.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .628 +(is used outside a function, b)3.128 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.127 E F0(\()5.627 E +F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.127(\)c)C .627(ommand, it)-3.127 F .588 +(causes the shell to stop e)144 698.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 +(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .589 +(or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e) +144 710.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F +.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325 +(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F 2.035 +(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 722.4 R 2.035 +(The return status is non-zero if)7.035 F F1 -.18(re)4.536 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F0 2.036(is supplied a non-numeric)4.536 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 +Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(14)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 15 15 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(ar)144 84 Q .706 +(gument, or is used outside a function and not during e)-.18 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .705(cution of a script by).15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(.)3.205 E +F0(or)4.038 E F1(sour)3.205 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.705(.A)C -.15(ny)-5.705 G +.365(command associated with the)144 96 R F1(RETURN)2.865 E F0 .365 +(trap is e)2.865 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .365(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .366(cution resumes after the func-).15 F(tion or script.)144 108 Q F1 +(set)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C +F1<ad6f>-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 136.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E +F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 148.8 S .836 +(thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F +.835(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 +(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 160.8 +R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784 +(riables cannot be).25 F 2.947(reset. In)144 172.8 R F2 .447(posix mode) +2.947 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447 +(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447 +(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.53 +(locale. When)144 184.8 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F +3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An) +-.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F .585 +(after option processing are treated as v)144 196.8 R .584 +(alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in or)-.25 F(-) +-.2 E(der)144 208.8 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 +E F0(,)A F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha) +-5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 +220.8 Q F0 1.377(Each v)184 220.8 R 1.377 +(ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.378(xport attrib)-.15 F +1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 232.8 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 +E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 244.8 Q F0 .132 +(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 244.8 R +2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E +(primary prompt.)184 256.8 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) +-.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 268.8 Q F0 +.087(Exit immediately if a)184 268.8 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087 +(\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F2 .088(simple command)2.588 F +F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 280.8 Q +F2 1.521(compound command)4.021 F F0(\(see)4.021 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +1.521(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e) +.15 F 1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079 +(The shell does not e)184 292.8 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F +.08(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 304.8 Q +1.655(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(until)4.155 E F0 +-.1(ke)4.155 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.654 +(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(elif)4.154 E F0(reserv) +4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 316.8 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc) +-.15 G .581(ommand e)-3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1 +(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .582(list e)3.082 F .582 +(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 328.8 R +F1(&&)3.418 E F0(or)3.418 E F1(||)3.418 E F0 3.418(,a)C 1.218 -.15(ny c) +-3.418 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .917 +(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.417(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.417 E +-.25(va)184 340.8 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66 +(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.16 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .661 +(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.113 +(non-zero status because a command f)184 352.8 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F +F1<ad65>3.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.112 +(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 364.8 R 2.677 +(xit. A)-.15 F .177(trap on)2.677 F F1(ERR)2.677 E F0 2.677(,i)C 2.678 +(fs)-2.677 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178 +(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.678(xits. This)-.15 F .178 +(option applies to)2.678 F .618(the shell en)184 376.8 R .617 +(vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .617(vironment separately \(see) +-.4 F F3 .617(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR)184 388.8 R(ONMENT) +-.27 E F0(abo)2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643 +(\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643(xit before e)-.15 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .643(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 400.8 +Q .999(If a compound command or shell function e)184 418.8 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G .999(cutes in a conte).15 F .998(xt where)-.15 F F1<ad65>3.498 E +F0 .998(is being ig-)3.498 F .089(nored, none of the commands e)184 +430.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .089 +(cuted within the compound command or function body).15 F .503 +(will be af)184 442.8 R .503(fected by the)-.25 F F1<ad65>3.002 E F0 +.502(setting, e)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.002(ni).15 G(f)-3.002 E F1 +<ad65>3.002 E F0 .502(is set and a command returns a f)3.002 F .502 +(ailure sta-)-.1 F 4.183(tus. If)184 454.8 R 4.183(ac)4.183 G 1.683 +(ompound command or shell function sets)-4.183 F F1<ad65>4.184 E F0 +1.684(while e)4.184 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.684(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt) +-.15 E(where)184 466.8 Q F1<ad65>3.154 E F0 .654 +(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.154 F .953 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .953 +-.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .653(ect until the compound command).25 F +(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 478.8 Q F1 +<ad66>144 490.8 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 490.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 +<ad68>144 502.8 Q F0 .988(Remember the location of commands as the)184 +502.8 R 3.488(ya)-.15 G .988(re look)-3.488 F .988(ed up for e)-.1 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.488(cution. This).15 F .988(is en-)3.488 F +(abled by def)184 514.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad6b>144 526.8 Q F0 .514 +(All ar)184 526.8 R .514 +(guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18 +F .513(vironment for a)-.4 F +(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 538.8 Q F1 +<ad6d>144 550.8 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)184 550.8 R .148 +(Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F +.149(ault for interacti)-.1 F .449 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .651 +(on systems that support it \(see)184 562.8 R F3 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F +(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(\). All).15 F .65 +(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .678(process group.)184 574.8 R +.679(When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containin\ +g its)5.678 F -.15(ex)184 586.8 S(it status.).15 E F1<ad6e>144 598.8 Q +F0 .653(Read commands b)184 598.8 R .653(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .653(cute them.).15 F .652 +(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 +610.8 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 +E F1<ad6f>144 622.8 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 634.8 Q F2 +(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F1 +(allexport)184 646.8 Q F0(Same as)224 658.8 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(braceexpand)184 670.8 Q F0(Same as)224 682.8 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(emacs)184 694.8 Q F0 .089 +(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 694.8 R 2.589 +(ace. This)-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95 +(when the shell is interacti)224 706.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G +.95(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting) +3.45 E F0 2.5(option. This)224 718.8 R(also af)2.5 E +(fects the editing interf)-.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G +(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(15) +198.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 16 16 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(err)184 84 Q(exit) +-.18 E F0(Same as)224 84 Q F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(errtrace)184 96 Q F0 +(Same as)224 96 Q F1<ad45>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(functrace)184 108 Q F0 +(Same as)224 120 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(hashall)184 132 Q F0(Same as) +224 132 Q F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(histexpand)184 144 Q F0(Same as)224 +156 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(history)184 168 Q F0 .586 +(Enable command history)224 168 R 3.087(,a)-.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587 +(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF +(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 180 Q +(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184 +192 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 204 R 1.657 +(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) +4.156 E F0 1.656(had been e)4.156 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 +216 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) +.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 228 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 240 Q F1 +<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 252 Q F0(Same as)224 252 Q F1<ad6d>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 264 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 276 Q F1<ad43>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 288 Q F0(Same as)224 288 Q F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A +F1(noglob)184 300 Q F0(Same as)224 300 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog) +184 312 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 312 Q F1(notify)184 324 Q F0 +(Same as)224 324 Q F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 336 Q F0(Same as) +224 336 Q F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 348 Q F0(Same as)224 348 Q +F1<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 360 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 360 Q +F1<ad50>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 372 Q F0 1.029 +(If set, the return v)224 372 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F +1.03(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 384 +R 1.136 +(xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) +-.15 F -.15(ex)224 396 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G +(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 408 Q F0 +2.09(Change the beha)224 408 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 +2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091 +(fers from the)-.25 F 1.212(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 +420 R/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B F2 +1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.462 E(w)-.25 E .954 +(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 432 R 3.455(wp)-.25 G +.955(osix mode af)-3.455 F .955(fects bash')-.25 F 3.455(sb)-.55 G(e-) +-3.455 E(ha)224 444 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 456 Q(vileged)-.1 E +F0(Same as)224 468 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 480 S(rbose).1 E +F0(Same as)224 480 Q F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 492 Q F0 .209 +(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 492 R 2.709(ace. This) +-.1 F .209(also af)2.709 F .209(fects the editing in-)-.25 F(terf)224 +504 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 +(xtrace)184 516 Q F0(Same as)224 516 Q F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 534 Q +F1<ad6f>3.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F5(option\255name) +3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553 +(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184 +546 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F5(option\255name)3.572 E F0 +3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)3.571 E F0 1.071 +(commands to recreate the current)3.571 F +(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 558 Q F1<ad70> +144 570 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 570 S 1.071(rn on).45 F F5(privile)4.821 E -.1 +(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F +F2($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F2($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.072 +(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501 +(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 582 R 1.5 +(vironment, and the)-.4 F F2(SHELLOPTS)4 E F3(,)A F2 -.27(BA)184 594 S +(SHOPTS).27 E F3(,)A F2(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F3(,)A F0 +(and)2.774 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G .524 +(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F +(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 606 R .38 +(If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u) +-.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461 +(user \(group\) id, and the)184 618 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461 +(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462 +(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 630 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 +(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1<ad70> +2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 +E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 642 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G +.386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886 +F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F +(set to the real user and group ids.)184 654 Q F1<ad74>144 666 Q F0 +(Exit after reading and e)184 666 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.) +.15 E F1<ad75>144 678 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 678 S .044(eat unset v).35 F .044 +(ariables and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" \ +as an)-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 690 R 2.682 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.682 G .183 +(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746 +(able or parameter)184 702 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 +(he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184 +714 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(16)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 17 17 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad76>144 84 Q F0 +(Print shell input lines as the)184 84 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E +F1<ad78>144 96 Q F0 .315(After e)184 96 R .315(xpanding each)-.15 F/F2 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)2.815 +G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1 +(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 108 R F1 +-.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236 +(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS4)3.736 E +/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F +(mand and its e)184 120 Q(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 +E(ord list.)-.1 E F1<ad42>144 132 Q F0 1.205(The shell performs brace e) +184 132 R 1.205(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 1.205(Brace Expansion)3.705 F +F0(abo)3.705 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.706(\). This).15 F 1.206(is on by de-) +3.706 F -.1(fa)184 144 S(ult.).1 E F1<ad43>144 156 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 +156 R F1(bash)2.714 E F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214 +(rwrite an e).15 F .214(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0 +(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213 +(redirection opera-)2.713 F 3.053(tors. This)184 168 R .553(may be o) +3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 +(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) +.15 F(tor)184 180 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +<ad45>144 192 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 192 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104 +(rap on)-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 +(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 +F .838(mands e)184 204 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 +F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 216 Q F1 +<ad48>144 228 Q F0(Enable)184 228 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 +(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 +F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 240 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 252 Q F0 .959 +(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 252 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 +(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96 +(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 1.453 +(that change the current w)184 264 R 1.453(orking directory)-.1 F 6.453 +(.I)-.65 G 3.952(tu)-6.453 G 1.452(ses the ph)-3.952 F 1.452 +(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 3.334(stead. By)184 276 R(def) +3.334 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.334 E F0(follo)3.334 E .834 +(ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F +(mands which change the current directory)184 288 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144 +300 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 300 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 +(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 +(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932 +(substitutions, and commands e)184 312 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 +(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E +(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 324 Q F0 +(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 336 Q +F0 .401(If no ar)184 336 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G +.401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F +(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 348 Q F2 +(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G +(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144 +360 Q F0 .796(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 360 R +F2(ar)3.297 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.297(st)C 3.297(ob)-3.297 G 3.297(ea)-3.297 G +.797(ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.297 F 3.022(rameters. The)184 372 +R F1<ad78>3.022 E F0(and)3.022 E F1<ad76>3.022 E F0 .522 +(options are turned of)3.022 F 3.022(f. If)-.25 F .522(there are no) +3.022 F F2(ar)3.022 E(g)-.37 E F0 .521(s, the positional pa-)B +(rameters remain unchanged.)184 384 Q .425(The options are of)144 400.8 +R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 +(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 +(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 +(to be turned of)144 412.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) +-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 +(current set of options may be found in)144 424.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 +5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 +(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F +(is encountered.)144 436.8 Q F1(shift)108 453.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 465.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 +.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G +.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 477.6 Q F1($#)2.582 +E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082 +(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) +.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06 +(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 489.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 +.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F +(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 +(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 501.6 R +.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 +.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 +(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 513.6 Q F1(shopt)108 530.4 Q F0([) +2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) +-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 542.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 +(alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E +5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374 +(listed belo)144 554.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H +2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F1<ad6f>2.874 E F0 .375 +(option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 +F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 2.566(mand. W)144 566.4 R .066 +(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F1<ad70>2.566 E F0 .066 +(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an in-)2.566 +F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 578.4 R F2 +(optnames)2.574 E F0 .074 +(are supplied, the output is restricted to those op-)2.574 F 3.105 +(tions. The)144 590.4 R F1<ad70>3.105 E F0 .605(option causes output to\ + be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)3.105 F(Other)5.605 +E(options ha)144 602.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 614.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 +614.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 626.4 Q F0 +(Disable \(unset\) each)180 626.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 +638.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ +tus indicates whether the)180 638.4 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E +.256(set or unset.)180 650.4 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 +E F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G +(ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255 +(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 662.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E +F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 674.4 Q F0 +(Restricts the v)180 674.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 +(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 +E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 691.2 R F1 +<ad73>3.124 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) +3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 +E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F .984 +(set or unset, respecti)144 703.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.984(.U) +-.65 G .984(nless otherwise noted, the)-5.984 F F1(shopt)3.484 E F0 .983 +(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.483 F -.1(fa)144 715.2 S(ult.) +.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(17)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 18 18 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E 1.544 +(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 84 R/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545 +(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.045 F .696 +(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) +144 96 R F1(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell) +-.25 F(option.)144 108 Q(The list of)144 124.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(shopt)2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F2(assoc_expand_once)144 142.8 Q F0 +1.944(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 154.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G +1.945(luation of associati).25 F 2.245 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.945 +(rray subscripts during).15 F .885(arithmetic e)184 166.8 R .885 +(xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .885(luation, while e).25 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .885(cuting b).15 F .885(uiltins that can perform v)-.2 F .885 +(ariable as-)-.25 F(signments, and while e)184 178.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuting b).15 E(uiltins that perform array dereferencing.)-.2 E F2 +(autocd)144 190.8 Q F0 .199 +(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 190.8 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E +(ment to the)184 202.8 Q F2(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F +(option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E +F2(cdable_v)144 214.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 226.8 R .156 +(gument to the)-.18 F F2(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155 +(iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F +(name of a v)184 238.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E +(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F2(cdspell)144 250.8 Q F0 +1.055 +(If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184 +250.8 R F2(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 +(corrected. The)184 262.8 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 +(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a) +-.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 274.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) +-.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 +(orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F +(the command proceeds.)184 286.8 Q +(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) +.15 E F2(checkhash)144 298.8 Q F0 .737(If set,)184 310.8 R F2(bash)3.237 +E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.237 F .736 +(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 +322.8 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E +(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F2(checkjobs)144 334.8 +Q F0 .448(If set,)184 346.8 R F2(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 +(lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449 +(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.662(shell. If)184 358.8 R(an)2.662 E 2.661(yj)-.15 G +.161(obs are running, this causes the e)-2.661 F .161 +(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .161(xit is at-)-.15 F 1.472 +(tempted without an interv)184 370.8 R 1.473(ening command \(see)-.15 F +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.473(JOB CONTR)3.973 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)3.723 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.973(\). The).15 F 1.473(shell al-)3.973 F -.1(wa)184 +382.8 S(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G +(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F2(checkwinsize)144 394.8 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 +406.8 R F2(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G +1.09(ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09 +(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 418.8 Q 3.35(,u)-.65 G .85 +(pdates the v)-3.35 F .85(alues of)-.25 F F3(LINES)3.35 E F0(and)3.1 E +F3(COLUMNS)3.35 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .85 +(This option is enabled by de-)5.35 F -.1(fa)184 430.8 S(ult.).1 E F2 +(cmdhist)144 442.8 Q F0 .173(If set,)184 442.8 R F2(bash)2.673 E F0 .173 +(attempts to sa)2.673 F .473 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .172 +(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history en-).15 F(try) +184 454.8 Q 5.596(.T)-.65 G .597(his allo)-5.596 F .597 +(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F .597 +(This option is enabled by de-)5.597 F -.1(fa)184 466.8 S 1.288(ult, b) +.1 F 1.288(ut only has an ef)-.2 F 1.288 +(fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F 1.587 -.15 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(HIST)184 478.8 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F4(.)A +F2(compat31)144 490.8 Q(compat32)144 502.8 Q(compat40)144 514.8 Q +(compat41)144 526.8 Q(compat42)144 538.8 Q(compat43)144 550.8 Q +(compat44)144 562.8 Q F0 .889(These control aspects of the shell')184 +574.8 R 3.389(sc)-.55 G .889(ompatibility mode \(see)-3.389 F F3 .889 +(SHELL COMP)3.389 F -.855(AT)-.666 G(IBILITY).855 E(MODE)184 586.8 Q F0 +(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(complete_fullquote)144 603.6 Q F0 .654 +(If set,)184 615.6 R F2(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metachara\ +cters in \214lenames and directory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.524 +(forming completion.)184 627.6 R 1.524(If not set,)6.524 F F2(bash)4.024 +E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524 +(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F 2.667(from the set of c\ +haracters that will be quoted in completed \214lenames when these)184 +639.6 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 651.6 R .028 +(ariable references in w)-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .029 +(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 663.6 R 1.073 +(ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 +(xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25 +(ev e)184 675.6 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 +(ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F +6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.123(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 +(only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184 +687.6 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 699.6 Q +(ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E +(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E +(18)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 19 19 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dir)144 84 Q(expand) +-.18 E F0 .486(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 +(replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F +.487(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .18(ing \214lename completion.)184 +108 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F +(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.179(.I)-.55 G 2.679(fn)-5.179 G(ot)-2.679 E(set,) +184 120 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G +(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 136.8 Q F0 .858(If set,)184 +136.8 R F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 +(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859 +(ord completion if)-.1 F +(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 148.8 Q(xist.)-.15 +E F1(dotglob)144 165.6 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 165.6 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0 +.165(includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665 +('i)-.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F +(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 177.6 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.') +.63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 +(must al)5.63 E -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys be matched e).1 E(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.5 +(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-2.75 G 2.5(ni).15 G(f)-2.5 E F1(dotglob)2.5 E F0 +(is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 194.4 Q F0 .516(If set, a non-interacti) +184 194.4 R .816 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .516(hell will not e).15 F .516 +(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .517 +(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an ar).15 F(-)-.2 E(gument to the)184 +206.4 Q F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5 +E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 E F1(exec)2.5 E +F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 223.2 Q F0 .717 +(If set, aliases are e)184 235.2 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F +1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E +/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .716(This option is enabled)5.217 F +(by def)184 247.2 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) +.15 E F1(extdeb)144 264 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .17(If set at shell in)184 276 R +-.2(vo)-.4 G .17(cation, or in a shell startup \214le, arrange to e).2 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .17(cute the deb).15 F .17(ugger pro\214le)-.2 F 1.082 +(before the shell starts, identical to the)184 288 R F1<adad646562>3.582 +E(ugger)-.2 E F0 3.581(option. If)3.581 F 1.081(set after in)3.581 F -.2 +(vo)-.4 G 1.081(cation, be-).2 F(ha)184 300 Q +(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 +316.8 Q F0(The)220 316.8 Q F1<ad46>4.25 E F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F +F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751 +(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F +(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 328.8 +Q(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 345.6 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the) +220 345.6 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v) +4.167 F 1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E +(command is skipped and not e)220 357.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 +(3.)184 374.4 Q F0 .84(If the command run by the)220 374.4 R F1(DEB)3.34 +E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841(trap returns a v)3.341 F .841 +(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15(exe)220 386.4 S .488 +(cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 +(sour)220 398.4 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 415.2 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 415.2 S(SH_ARGC).27 E +F0(and)3.153 E F2 -.27(BA)3.403 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 +(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 427.2 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 444 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ +bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 444 R +(shells in)220 456 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 +(\()2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 +(inherit the)2.5 E F1(DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0 +(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 472.8 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comm\ +and substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 472.8 R(in)220 +484.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F4 +(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.) +2.5 E F1(extglob)144 501.6 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 501.6 R .4 +(xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) +-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 513.6 Q +F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 530.4 Q F0 .86(If set,)184 542.4 R +F1($)3.36 E F0<08>A F4(string)A F0 3.36<0861>C(nd)-3.36 E F1($)3.36 E F0 +(")A F4(string)A F0 3.36("q)C .86(uoting is performed within)-3.36 F F1 +(${)3.36 E F4(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)3.36 G .86 +(pansions en-).15 F(closed in double quotes.)184 554.4 Q +(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 571.2 Q +F0 .243(If set, patterns which f)184 571.2 R .243 +(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F .243 +(xpansion result in an e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E(pansion error)184 583.2 Q(.) +-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 600 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 +.936(If set, the suf)184 612 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) +-.15 F F2(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936(ariable cause w) +-.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 624 R .32 +(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32 +(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.947 +(pletions. See)184 636 R F2 .447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 +(abo)2.697 E .747 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 +(FIGNORE)2.948 E F3(.)A F0 .448(This option is)4.948 F(enabled by def) +184 648 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 664.8 Q F0 2.519 +(If set, range e)184 676.8 R 2.519 +(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.518(et e)-.1 F 2.518 +(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.018 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E +(Matching)184 688.8 Q F0(abo)2.964 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(\)b).15 G(eha) +-3.214 E 1.014 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214 +(nt)-3.214 G .714(he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.) +-3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 700.8 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G +1.02(ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F +F1(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 712.8 R F1 +(A)3.456 E F0(and)3.456 E F1(B)3.456 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper) +-3.457 F .957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .957 +(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 724.8 Q(.)-.55 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(19)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 20 20 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(globstar)144 84 Q F0 +.519(If set, the pattern)184 84 R F1(**)3.019 E F0 .519 +(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .518 +(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431 +(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 96 R .431 +(If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0 +2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(and subdirectories match.)184 +108 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 124.8 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are wri\ +tten in the standard GNU error message format.)184 136.8 Q F1 +(histappend)144 153.6 Q F0 .676 +(If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 +165.6 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 +-.25(va)2.926 G(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 177.6 Q +(xits, rather than o)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1 +(histr)144 194.4 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 .575(If set, and)184 206.4 R F1 -.18 +(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 +F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F(tory substitution.)184 218.4 Q F1(histv)144 +235.2 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403(If set, and)184 247.2 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G +(adline).18 E F0 .403 +(is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) +2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 259.2 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 +(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 271.2 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 +E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 +(hostcomplete)144 288 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 300 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 +G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181 +(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184 +312 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 +(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E +F2(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 324 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F +(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 340.8 Q F0 +(If set,)184 352.8 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 +(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) +.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 369.6 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .22 +(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 381.6 R .219 +(alue of the)-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219 +(option, instead of unsetting)2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 393.6 Q +2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F(option is enabled when)2.5 E/F3 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti) +144 410.4 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .33(If set, allo)184 422.4 R +2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E +F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33(ord and all remaining characters on) +-.1 F .967(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 434.4 R 1.267 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 +E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F +(enabled by def)184 446.4 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 463.2 Q F0 .066 +(If set, and job control is not acti)184 463.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566 +(,t).15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E +(cuted in the background in the current shell en)184 475.2 Q(vironment.) +-.4 E F1(lithist)144 492 Q F0 .655(If set, and the)184 492 R F1(cmdhist) +3.155 E F0 .654(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F +-.15(ve)-.2 G 3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)-3.154 F +(with embedded ne)184 504 Q +(wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 +(localv)144 520.8 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 532.8 R +.422(ariables inherit the v)-.25 F .422(alue and attrib)-.25 F .422 +(utes of a v)-.2 F .422(ariable of the same name that)-.25 F -.15(ex)184 +544.8 S .174(ists at a pre).15 F .174(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 +(yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .173 +(The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 556.8 Q +F1(localv)144 573.6 Q(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .328(If set, calling)184 585.6 R +F1(unset)2.828 E F0 .328(on local v)2.828 F .329(ariables in pre)-.25 F +.329(vious function scopes marks them so subse-)-.25 F .543(quent looku\ +ps \214nd them unset until that function returns. This is identical to \ +the beha)184 597.6 R(v-)-.2 E(ior of unsetting local v)184 609.6 Q +(ariables at the current function scope.)-.25 E F1(login_shell)144 626.4 +Q F0 .486 +(The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 +638.4 R F2(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.737 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 650.4 S(lue may not be changed.) +.25 E F1(mailwar)144 667.2 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815(If set, and a \214le that) +184 679.2 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 +(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F +-.1(wa)184 691.2 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E +(`The mail in)-.74 E F3(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) +-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20) +149.565 E(20)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 21 21 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 84 Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 96 R F1 -.18 +(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E F0 .324(is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash)2.824 E +F0 .324(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +-.666(PA)2.825 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F +(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 108 Q F1 +(nocaseglob)144 124.8 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 136.8 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 +.436(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f) +-.25 H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 148.8 S +(pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 165.6 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 +177.6 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194 +(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti)3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H +1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 F .551(while e)184 189.6 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0(or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E +F0 .551(conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 +F -.1(wo)184 201.6 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering\ + possible completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 +213.6 Q F1(nullglob)144 230.4 Q F0 .855(If set,)184 242.4 R F1(bash) +3.355 E F0(allo)3.355 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see) +-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.354 G .854(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.354 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 3.354(\)t).15 G(o)-3.354 E -.15(ex)184 254.4 S +(pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 +271.2 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676(If set, the programmable completion f)184 +283.2 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677 +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E +(are enabled.)184 295.2 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E +F1(pr)144 312 Q(ogcomp_alias)-.18 E F0 2.124 +(If set, and programmable completion is enabled,)184 324 R F1(bash)4.624 +E F0 2.124(treats a command name that)4.624 F(doesn')184 336 Q 3.288(th) +-.18 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-3.288 H(an)3.488 E 3.288(yc)-.15 G .789 +(ompletions as a possible alias and attempts alias e)-3.288 F .789 +(xpansion. If it has)-.15 F 1.473(an alias,)184 348 R F1(bash)3.973 E F0 +1.473(attempts programmable completion using the command w)3.973 F 1.473 +(ord resulting)-.1 F(from the e)184 360 Q(xpanded alias.)-.15 E F1(pr) +144 376.8 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447 +(If set, prompt strings under)184 388.8 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F +1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 +400.8 S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G +.17(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F F2(PR)2.67 E +(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E +(This option is enabled by def)184 412.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 +429.6 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 +(The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) +184 441.6 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 453.6 Q 2.86 +(w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)2.86 G .36(lue may not be changed.).25 F .36 +(This is not reset when the startup \214les are e)5.36 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 465.6 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 +E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 +E F1(shift_v)144 482.4 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 494.4 R F1 +(shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 +(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502 +(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 506.4 Q F1(sour) +144 523.2 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 535.2 R F1(sour)3.271 +E(ce)-.18 E F0(\()3.271 E F1(.)A F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v) +-3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77 +(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar) +184 547.2 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E +(ault.)-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 564 Q F0(If set, the)184 576 Q F1(echo)2.5 +E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def) +-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)108 592.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A +1.001(Suspend the e)144 604.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.001 +(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G +F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.502(signal. A)3.252 F 1.002(login shell cannot be) +3.502 F .023(suspended; the)144 616.8 R F1<ad66>2.523 E F0 .023 +(option can be used to o)2.523 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 +(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .022(The return status is) +5.022 F 2.5(0u)144 628.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E +F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 +E F1(test)108 645.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) +108 657.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .877 +(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 657.6 R .878 +(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .878 +(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 669.6 +S(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53 +(ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03 +(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F .072 +(primaries described in the)144 681.6 R F1(bash)2.573 E F0 .073 +(manual page under)2.573 F F2(CONDITION)2.573 E .073(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 +F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(test)4.573 E F0 .073(does not)2.573 F +.695(accept an)144 693.6 R 3.195(yo)-.15 G .695 +(ptions, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)-3.195 F .694(gument of) +-.18 F F1<adad>3.194 E F0 .694(as signifying the end of op-)3.194 F +(tions.)144 705.6 Q 3.141(Expressions may be combined using the follo) +144 723.6 R 3.141(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of)-.25 F +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(21)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 22 22 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E 4.114(precedence. The)144 84 R -.25(eva) +4.114 G 1.613(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F 1.613 +(guments; see belo)-.18 F 5.413 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.613(perator prece-) +.65 F(dence is used when there are \214v)144 96 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm) +-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)144 108 Q +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 108 S +(ue if).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\() +144 120 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26(Returns the v)180 +120 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26 +(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 +(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 132 Q F2 -.2(ex) +144 144 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)180 156 S(ue if both).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F2 +-.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F2 -.2(ex)144 168 S(pr1).2 E +F0<ad>2.5 E F1(o)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 180 S +(ue if either).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G +(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 196.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E +F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E +(xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E +(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 214.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) +180 226.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 238.8 S -.18 +(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 250.8 Q +(xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 +E 2.5(2a)144 262.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) +180 274.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 +F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 +(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 286.8 R .38 +(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 +298.8 Q .553(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552 +(the e)2.802 F .552(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F +.552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 310.8 Q +(alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 322.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 334.8 R .236 +(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236 +(If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 +(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 346.8 R 1.155 -.15 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F +F4(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 358.8 R .578(xpression i\ +s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F +(guments)-.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 370.8 R(The)6.333 E F1<ad61>3.833 +E F0(and)3.833 E F1<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.332 +(operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 +(three ar)180 382.8 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 +F .558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F +.558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F +(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180 +394.8 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52 +(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02 +F(ar)180 406.8 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 +2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 +(gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E +(wise, the e)180 418.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 +430.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .385(If the \214rst ar)180 442.8 R +.385(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.885 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385 +(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .384(tion of the three-ar) +.05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384(xpression com-)-.15 F .284 +(posed of the remaining ar)180 454.8 R 2.784(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F +.284(the e)2.784 F .284(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G +.285(luated ac-).25 F(cording to precedence using the rules listed abo) +180 466.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 478.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G +(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 490.8 R 1.635 +(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 +(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 +502.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 520.8 Q F1(test)2.5 E +F0(or)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1 +(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E +(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 537.6 Q F0 +1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\ + processes run from the shell.)144 537.6 R(The return status is 0.)144 +549.6 Q F1(trap)108 566.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E +F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .683(The command) +144 578.4 R F2(ar)3.513 E(g)-.37 E F0 .683(is to be read and e)3.403 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .682(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.182(ss).15 G(ignal\(s\))-3.182 E F2(sigspec)3.522 E F0 5.682(.I).31 G +(f)-5.682 E F2(ar)3.512 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.402 E .608 +(absent \(and there is a single)144 590.4 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108 +(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E F0 3.108(,e)C .608 +(ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F +.659(\(the v)144 602.4 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +-.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658 +(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec) +144.34 614.4 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) +3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E +F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F1<ad70>3.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215 +(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 626.4 R +F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214 +F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 638.4 R F1<ad70>3.36 +E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 +(prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 +(signal. The)144 650.4 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ +to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.31 +(bers. Each)144 662.4 R F2(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.811 +(>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E +(names are case insensiti)144 674.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E +F3(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E .667(If a)144 692.4 R F2 +(sigspec)3.507 E F0(is)3.477 E F3(EXIT)3.167 E F0 .667 +(\(0\) the command)2.917 F F2(ar)3.496 E(g)-.37 E F0 .666(is e)3.386 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .666(cuted on e).15 F .666(xit from the shell.)-.15 F +.666(If a)5.666 F F2(sigspec)3.506 E F0(is)3.476 E F3(DE-)3.166 E -.09 +(BU)144 704.4 S(G).09 E F4(,)A F0 .483(the command)2.733 F F2(ar)3.313 E +(g)-.37 E F0 .483(is e)3.203 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .484(cuted before e).15 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 .484(simple command)2.984 F F0(,)A F2(for) +2.984 E F0(command,)2.984 E F2(case)2.984 E F0(command,)2.984 E F2 +(select)144 716.4 Q F0 .563(command, e)3.063 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .563 +(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)3.063 E F0 .563 +(command, and before the \214rst command e)3.063 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .562 +(cutes in a shell).15 F .622(function \(see)144 728.4 R F3 .622 +(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.122 F F0(abo)2.872 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.122(\). Refer).15 +F .622(to the description of the)3.122 F F1(extdeb)3.122 E(ug)-.2 E F0 +.622(option to the)3.122 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E +(22)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 23 23 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(shopt)144 84 Q F0 -.2 +(bu)2.996 G .496(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .496(fect on the)-.25 +F F1(DEB)2.996 E(UG)-.1 E F0 2.996(trap. If)2.996 F(a)2.996 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec)3.336 E F0(is)3.306 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(RETURN)2.996 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .496(the command)2.746 F F2 +(ar)144.33 96 Q(g)-.37 E F0 .18(is e)2.9 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .18 +(cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .18 +(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.68 E F0(or)2.68 E F1(sour)2.68 E(ce)-.18 E +F0 -.2(bu)2.68 G .18(iltins \214nishes).2 F -.15(exe)144 108 S(cuting.) +.15 E .961(If a)144 126 R F2(sigspec)3.801 E F0(is)3.771 E F3(ERR)3.461 +E F4(,)A F0 .961(the command)3.211 F F2(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E F0 .961 +(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.461 +(ra).15 G .96(pipeline \(which may consist of a)-.001 F .185(single sim\ +ple command\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255zero e)144 +138 R .185(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .452(the follo)144 150 R .452 +(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.452 E F3(ERR)2.952 E F0 .451 +(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .451 +(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .387 +(mand list immediately follo)144 162 R .387(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)2.887 +E F0(or)2.887 E F1(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 +(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F2(if)2.898 E F0 .388 +(statement, part)4.848 F .778(of a command e)144 174 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.778(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 .778 +(list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778 +(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.277 E F0 +3.277(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.277 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 186 R 1.28 +(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v)-3.78 +F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F F1(!) +3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 198 Q(yed by the) +-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F1<ad65>A F0 2.5(\)o)C +(ption.)-2.5 E .133 +(Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 +216 R -.35(Tr)5.132 G .132(apped signals that are not be-).35 F .117 +(ing ignored are reset to their original v)144 228 R .117 +(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .117 +(vironment when one is cre-)-.4 F 2.5(ated. The)144 240 R +(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F2(sigspec)2.84 E F0 +(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0 +(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108 256.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(]) +A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 268.8 S +.174(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F2 +(name)3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173 +(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F +F1<ad74>144 280.8 Q F0 .715(option is used,)3.215 F F1(type)3.215 E F0 +.715(prints a string which is one of)3.215 F F2(alias)3.545 E F0(,).27 E +F2 -.1(ke)3.215 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)5.185 E F0 +(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.215 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.215(,o).24 G(r)-3.215 E F2 +(\214le)5.125 E F0(if)3.395 E F2(name)144.36 292.8 Q F0 .087 +(is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087 +(ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F2 +(name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118 +(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 304.8 R .118 +(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F +F1<ad70>2.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F1(type)2.619 E F0 .855 +(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 316.8 R .855 +(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0 +.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .528(mand name, or nothing if) +144 328.8 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .528(type -t name)3.028 F F0 -.1(wo)3.028 +G .528(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)4.938 E F0 5.528(.T).18 G(he)-5.528 +E F1<ad50>3.028 E F0 .529(option forces a)3.028 F F3 -.666(PA)3.029 G +(TH)-.189 E F0 .007(search for each)144 340.8 R F2(name)2.507 E F0 2.507 +(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.757 G 2.507(ni).15 G(f)-2.507 E F5 .007(type -t name) +2.507 F F0 -.1(wo)2.507 G .007(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)4.417 E F0 +5.006(.I).18 G 2.506(fac)-5.006 G .006(ommand is hashed,)-2.506 F F1 +<ad70>2.506 E F0(and)144 352.8 Q F1<ad50>3.23 E F0 .73 +(print the hashed v)3.23 F .731 +(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 +F F3 -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .731(If the)5.231 F F1<ad61> +144 364.8 Q F0 .824(option is used,)3.324 F F1(type)3.324 E F0 .824 +(prints all of the places that contain an e)3.324 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823 +(cutable named).15 F F2(name)3.683 E F0 5.823(.T).18 G .823(his in-) +-5.823 F 1.176(cludes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 +376.8 R F1<ad70>3.676 E F0 1.176(option is not also used.)3.676 F 1.177 +(The table of hashed)6.176 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using) +144 388.8 R F1<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F1<ad66>3.723 E F0 +1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .325(with the) +144 400.8 R F1(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type) +5.325 E F0 .325(returns true if all of the ar)2.825 F .326 +(guments are found, f)-.18 F .326(alse if an)-.1 F 2.826(ya)-.15 G .326 +(re not)-2.826 F(found.)144 412.8 Q F1(ulimit)108 429.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255HS)A F0(])A F1<ad61>2.5 E(ulimit)108 441.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HS)A +F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255bcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPR)-2.5 E(T)-.4 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 453.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 +(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F +.943(that allo)144 465.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F +(The)5.943 E F1<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944 +(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) +144 477.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208 +(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ +ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 489.6 R .425 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F1<ad48>2.926 E +F0(nor)2.926 E F1<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426 +(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 +501.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 +(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F +.741(of the special v)144 513.6 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F1 +(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) +C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .024 +(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 525.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +5.023(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.023 E F2(limit)2.613 E F0 .023 +(is omitted, the current v)3.203 F .023 +(alue of the soft limit of the re-)-.25 F .984 +(source is printed, unless the)144 537.6 R F1<ad48>3.484 E F0 .984 +(option is gi)3.484 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.484(n. When).15 F .985 +(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)3.484 F .7 +(limit name and unit, if appropriate, are printed before the v)144 549.6 +R 3.2(alue. Other)-.25 F .7(options are interpreted as)3.2 F(follo)144 +561.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 573.6 Q F0 +(All current limits are reported; no limits are set)180 573.6 Q F1<ad62> +144 585.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 585.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E +(fer size)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 597.6 Q F0 +(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 597.6 Q F1<ad64>144 609.6 +Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 609.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) +-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 621.6 Q F0 +(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 621.6 Q F1<ad66>144 +633.6 Q F0 +(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 +633.6 Q F1<ad69>144 645.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 +645.6 Q F1<ad6b>144 657.6 Q F0 +(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 657.6 Q F1 +<ad6c>144 669.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 669.6 Q +(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 681.6 Q F0 +(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 681.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G +(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 693.6 Q F0 .791(Th\ +e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) +180 693.6 R 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F +(be set\))180 705.6 Q F1<ad70>144 717.6 Q F0 +(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 717.6 Q +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(23)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 24 24 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad71>144 84 Q F0 +(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 84 Q F1<ad72> +144 96 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 96 Q F1<ad73> +144 108 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 108 Q F1<ad74>144 120 Q F0 +(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 120 Q F1<ad75>144 132 Q +F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 132 Q -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 144 Q F0 .47 +(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 144 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 +(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 156 +Q F1<ad78>144 168 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 168 Q F1 +<ad50>144 180 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 180 Q F1 +<ad52>144 192 Q F0(The maximum time a real-time process can run before \ +blocking, in microseconds)180 192 Q F1<ad54>144 204 Q F0 +(The maximum number of threads)180 204 Q(If)144 220.8 Q/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.468(n, and the).15 F F1<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 +F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 +(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .045 +(no option is gi)144 232.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .045(n, then).15 F F1<ad66> +2.545 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 +(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .044(xcept for)-.15 F F1 +<ad74>2.544 E F0 2.544(,w)C .044(hich is)-2.544 F .67(in seconds;)144 +244.8 R F1<ad52>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in microseconds;)-3.17 F +F1<ad70>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;) +-3.17 F F1<ad50>3.17 E F0(,)A F1<ad54>3.17 E F0(,)A F1<ad62>3.17 E F0(,) +A F1<ad6b>144 256.8 Q F0(,)A F1<ad6e>3.737 E F0 3.737(,a)C(nd)-3.737 E +F1<ad75>3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.236(hich are unscaled v)-3.736 F 1.236 +(alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F1<ad63>3.736 E F0(and)3.736 E +F1<ad66>3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.236(hich are in)-3.736 F .238 +(512-byte increments.)144 268.8 R .238 +(The return status is 0 unless an in)5.238 F -.25(va)-.4 G .238 +(lid option or ar).25 F .238(gument is supplied, or an)-.18 F +(error occurs while setting a ne)144 280.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E +F1(umask)108 297.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 +2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .18 +(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 309.6 R F2(mode)3.06 E F0 +5.18(.I).18 G(f)-5.18 E F2(mode)3.06 E F0(be)2.86 E .18 +(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ +therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ +pted by)144 321.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 +333.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382 +(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382 +(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 +(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 345.6 R .547 +(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G +(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 +(mode)144.38 357.6 Q F0 .552 +(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232 +F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 369.6 Q +(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E +(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 +(unalias)108 386.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 398.4 Q 1.057 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) +3.257 E F0 .757(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.257 F(If)5.758 E +F1<ad61>3.258 E F0 .758(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are re-) +3.258 F(mo)144 410.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E +(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 +(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 427.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 +(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) +2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 439.2 S 3.804(re).15 G(ach)-3.804 E F2(name)4.164 E F0 +3.804(,r).18 G(emo)-3.804 E 1.604 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.304 +(he corresponding v).15 F 1.303(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.303 +(If the)6.303 F F1<ad76>3.803 E F0 1.303(option is gi)3.803 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 1.303(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 451.2 Q F0 .464 +(refers to a shell v)3.144 F .464(ariable, and that v)-.25 F .464 +(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.965(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) +2.965 G .465(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.769(set. If)144 463.2 R F1 +<ad66>2.769 E F0 .269(is speci\214ed, each)2.769 F F2(name)3.129 E F0 +.269(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo) +2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .403(If the)144 475.2 R F1<ad6e>2.903 E +F0 .404(option is supplied, and)2.904 F F2(name)2.904 E F0 .404(is a v) +2.904 F .404(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.904 E(ef)-.37 E F0 +(attrib)2.904 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.904 E F0 .404(will be unset)2.904 F +.72(rather than the v)144 487.2 R .72(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1 +<ad6e>5.72 E F0 .72(has no ef)3.22 F .719(fect if the)-.25 F F1<ad66> +3.219 E F0 .719(option is supplied.)3.219 F .719(If no options)5.719 F +.736(are supplied, each)144 499.2 R F2(name)3.236 E F0 .736 +(refers to a v)3.236 F .737(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .737 +(ariable by that name, a function with)-.25 F 1.762(that name, if an)144 +511.2 R 3.062 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.262(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.262 F +1.761(unset v)4.261 F 1.761(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G 4.261(df).15 G 1.761(rom the en)-4.261 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.171 +(passed to subsequent commands.)144 523.2 R 3.172(If an)8.172 F 5.672 +(yo)-.15 G(f)-5.672 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.672 G(SH_ALIASES) +.27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 -.27(BA)5.422 G(SH_ARGV0).27 E F4(,)A +F3 -.27(BA)5.422 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)144 535.2 S +(SH_COMMAND).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.482 G(SH_SUBSHELL).27 E F4(,)A F3 +-.27(BA)11.482 G(SHPID).27 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_W)11.482 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E +F4(,)A F3(DIRST)11.481 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHREAL) +144 547.2 Q(TIME)-.828 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHSECONDS)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) +2.67 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)2.67 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)2.67 +E F4(,)A F3(LINENO)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(RANDOM)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)144 +559.2 Q F4(,)A F0(or)4.03 E F3(SRANDOM)4.28 E F0 1.779(are unset, the) +4.03 F 4.279(yl)-.15 G 1.779(ose their special properties, e)-4.279 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 4.279(ni).15 G 4.279(ft)-4.279 G(he)-4.279 E 4.279(ya) +-.15 G 1.779(re subse-)-4.279 F(quently reset.)144 571.2 Q(The e)5 E +(xit status is true unless a)-.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E +(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 588 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70> +-2.5 E F2(varname)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 +600 S .659(it for each speci\214ed child process and return its termina\ +tion status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id)3.169 E F0 .659(may be a process) +3.929 F .009(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 612 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .008(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.508(sp)-.55 G +.008(ipeline are w)-2.508 F .008(aited for)-.1 F 5.008(.I)-.55 G(f) +-5.008 E F2(id)144.01 624 Q F0 .441(is not gi)3.711 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,) +.15 E F1(wait)2.941 E F0 -.1(wa)2.941 G .441 +(its for all running background jobs and the last-e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.442(cuted process substitu-).15 F .598 +(tion, if its process id is the same as)144 636 R F1($!)3.098 E F0 3.098 +(,a)C .598(nd the return status is zero.)-3.098 F .597(If the)5.597 F F1 +<ad6e>3.097 E F0 .597(option is supplied,)3.097 F F1(wait)144 648 Q F0 +-.1(wa)3.082 G .583(its for a single job from the list of).1 F F2(id) +3.083 E F0 3.083(so)C 1.383 -.4(r, i)-3.083 H 3.083(fn).4 G(o)-3.083 E +F2(id)3.083 E F0 3.083(sa)C .583(re supplied, an)-3.083 F 3.083(yj)-.15 +G .583(ob, to complete and)-3.083 F .404(returns its e)144 660 R .404 +(xit status.)-.15 F .403(If none of the supplied ar)5.403 F .403 +(guments is a child of the shell, or if no ar)-.18 F(guments)-.18 E .572 +(are supplied and the shell has no unw)144 672 R .573 +(aited-for children, the e)-.1 F .573(xit status is 127.)-.15 F .573 +(If the)5.573 F F1<ad70>3.073 E F0 .573(option is)3.073 F .39 +(supplied, the process or job identi\214er of the job for which the e) +144 684 R .39(xit status is returned is assigned to)-.15 F .905(the v) +144 696 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)3.405 E F0 .905 +(named by the option ar)3.405 F 3.405(gument. The)-.18 F -.25(va)3.405 G +.905(riable will be unset initially).25 F 3.405(,b)-.65 G(efore)-3.405 E +(an)144 708 Q 3.89(ya)-.15 G 3.89(ssignment. This)-3.89 F 1.39 +(is useful only when the)3.89 F F1<ad6e>3.89 E F0 1.39 +(option is supplied.)3.89 F 1.39(Supplying the)6.39 F F1<ad66>3.89 E F0 +(option,)3.89 E 1.461(when job control is enabled, forces)144 720 R F1 +(wait)3.961 E F0 1.461(to w)3.961 F 1.461(ait for)-.1 F F2(id)3.961 E F0 +1.462(to terminate before returning its status,)3.961 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 +768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(24)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 25 25 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .149 +(instead of returning when it changes status.)144 84 R(If)5.149 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)2.659 E F0 .149(speci\214es a non-e)3.419 F .148 +(xistent process or job, the return)-.15 F(status is 127.)144 96 Q +(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5 E +(xit status of the last process or job w)-.15 E(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E +/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL COMP)72 112.8 Q -1.04(AT)-.81 G +(IBILITY MODE)1.04 E F0 .911 +(Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a `shell compatibility le)108 124.8 +R -.15(ve)-.25 G .912(l', speci\214ed as a set of options to the shopt) +.15 F -.2(bu)108 136.8 S(iltin).2 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(compat31)3.378 +E F0(,)A F3(compat32)3.378 E F0(,)A F3(compat40)3.378 E F0(,)A F3 +(compat41)3.378 E F0 3.378(,a)C .878(nd so on\).)-3.378 F .877 +(There is only one current compatibility)5.878 F(le)108 148.8 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G 3.253(l-).15 G 3.253(-e)-3.253 G .753(ach option is mutually e) +-3.253 F(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.753(.T).15 G .753 +(he compatibility le)-5.753 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.254(li).15 G 3.254(si) +-3.254 G .754(ntended to allo)-3.254 F 3.254(wu)-.25 G .754 +(sers to select be-)-3.254 F(ha)108 160.8 Q 1.084(vior from pre)-.2 F +1.084(vious v)-.25 F 1.083(ersions that is incompatible with ne)-.15 F +1.083(wer v)-.25 F 1.083(ersions while the)-.15 F 3.583(ym)-.15 G 1.083 +(igrate scripts to use)-3.583 F(current features and beha)108 172.8 Q +(vior)-.2 E 2.5(.I)-.55 G(t')-2.5 E 2.5(si)-.55 G +(ntended to be a temporary solution.)-2.5 E 1.456 +(This section does not mention beha)108 189.6 R 1.457 +(vior that is standard for a particular v)-.2 F 1.457 +(ersion \(e.g., setting)-.15 F F3(compat32)3.957 E F0 .887 +(means that quoting the rhs of the re)108 201.6 R(ge)-.15 E .886 +(xp matching operator quotes special re)-.15 F(ge)-.15 E .886 +(xp characters in the w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E(which is def)108 213.6 Q +(ault beha)-.1 E(vior in bash-3.2 and abo)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E +.522(If a user enables, say)108 230.4 R(,)-.65 E F3(compat32)3.023 E F0 +3.023(,i)C 3.023(tm)-3.023 G .523(ay af)-3.023 F .523(fect the beha)-.25 +F .523(vior of other compatibility le)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523 +(ls up to and includ-).15 F .26(ing the current compatibility le)108 +242.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.76(l. The).15 F .259 +(idea is that each compatibility le)2.759 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.759(lc).15 +G .259(ontrols beha)-2.759 F .259(vior that changed)-.2 F 1.645 +(in that v)108 254.4 R 1.646(ersion of)-.15 F F3(bash)4.146 E F0 4.146 +(,b)C 1.646(ut that beha)-4.346 F 1.646(vior may ha)-.2 F 1.946 -.15 +(ve b)-.2 H 1.646(een present in earlier v).15 F 4.146(ersions. F)-.15 F +1.646(or instance, the)-.15 F .761 +(change to use locale-based comparisons with the)108 266.4 R F3([[)3.261 +E F0 .76(command came in bash-4.1, and earlier v)3.261 F .76 +(ersions used)-.15 F 1.904(ASCII-based comparisons, so enabling)108 +278.4 R F3(compat32)4.404 E F0 1.905 +(will enable ASCII-based comparisons as well.)4.404 F(That)6.905 E .296 +(granularity may not be suf)108 290.4 R .296 +(\214cient for all uses, and as a result users should emplo)-.25 F 2.796 +(yc)-.1 G .295(ompatibility le)-2.796 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .295(ls care-).15 +F(fully)108 302.4 Q 5(.R)-.65 G(ead the documentation for a particular \ +feature to \214nd out the current beha)-5 E(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .531 +(Bash-4.3 introduced a ne)108 319.2 R 3.031(ws)-.25 G .531(hell v)-3.031 +F(ariable:)-.25 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)3.031 G(SH_COMP).27 E +-.855(AT)-.666 G/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.).855 E F0 .531(The v)5.031 F +.531(alue assigned to this v)-.25 F .532(ariable \(a decimal)-.25 F -.15 +(ve)108 331.2 S .108(rsion number lik).15 F 2.608(e4)-.1 G .108 +(.2, or an inte)-2.608 F .108(ger corresponding to the)-.15 F F3(compat) +2.607 E F1(NN)A F0 .107(option, lik)2.607 F 2.607(e4)-.1 G .107 +(2\) determines the com-)-2.607 F(patibility le)108 343.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 +G(l.).15 E .387(Starting with bash-4.4, Bash has be)108 360 R .388 +(gun deprecating older compatibility le)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.888 +(ls. Ev).15 F(entually)-.15 E 2.888(,t)-.65 G .388(he options will) +-2.888 F(be remo)108 372 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(di).15 G 2.5(nf)-2.5 G -.2 +(avo)-2.6 G 2.5(ro).2 G(f)-2.5 E F4 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_COMP).27 E -.855 +(AT)-.666 G F5(.).855 E F0 1.164(Bash-5.0 is the \214nal v)108 388.8 R +1.164(ersion for which there will be an indi)-.15 F 1.163 +(vidual shopt option for the pre)-.25 F 1.163(vious v)-.25 F(ersion.) +-.15 E(Users should use)108 400.8 Q F4 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_COMP).27 E -.855 +(AT)-.666 G F0(on bash-5.0 and later v)3.105 E(ersions.)-.15 E 1.613 +(The follo)108 417.6 R 1.613(wing table describes the beha)-.25 F 1.613 +(vior changes controlled by each compatibility le)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +4.113(ls).15 G 4.114(etting. The)-4.113 F F3(compat)108 429.6 Q F1(NN)A +F0 1.186(tag is used as shorthand for setting the compatibility le)3.686 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.686(lt).15 G(o)-3.686 E F1(NN)3.686 E F0 1.186 +(using one of the follo)3.686 F(wing)-.25 E 3.806(mechanisms. 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