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+// Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc. All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
+// COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
+// (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
+
+// How to use this example
+// Open two terminals, in one of them, run `./multi_processes_example 0` to
+// start a process running the primary instance. This will create a new DB in
+// kDBPath. The process will run for a while inserting keys to the normal
+// RocksDB database.
+// Next, go to the other terminal and run `./multi_processes_example 1` to
+// start a process running the secondary instance. This will create a secondary
+// instance following the aforementioned primary instance. This process will
+// run for a while, tailing the logs of the primary. After process with primary
+// instance exits, this process will keep running until you hit 'CTRL+C'.
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <ctime>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+#include <vector>
+
+#if defined(OS_LINUX)
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif // !OS_LINUX
+
+#include "rocksdb/db.h"
+#include "rocksdb/options.h"
+#include "rocksdb/slice.h"
+
+using rocksdb::ColumnFamilyDescriptor;
+using rocksdb::ColumnFamilyHandle;
+using rocksdb::ColumnFamilyOptions;
+using rocksdb::DB;
+using rocksdb::FlushOptions;
+using rocksdb::Iterator;
+using rocksdb::Options;
+using rocksdb::ReadOptions;
+using rocksdb::Slice;
+using rocksdb::Status;
+using rocksdb::WriteOptions;
+
+const std::string kDBPath = "/tmp/rocksdb_multi_processes_example";
+const std::string kPrimaryStatusFile =
+ "/tmp/rocksdb_multi_processes_example_primary_status";
+const uint64_t kMaxKey = 600000;
+const size_t kMaxValueLength = 256;
+const size_t kNumKeysPerFlush = 1000;
+
+const std::vector<std::string>& GetColumnFamilyNames() {
+ static std::vector<std::string> column_family_names = {
+ rocksdb::kDefaultColumnFamilyName, "pikachu"};
+ return column_family_names;
+}
+
+inline bool IsLittleEndian() {
+ uint32_t x = 1;
+ return *reinterpret_cast<char*>(&x) != 0;
+}
+
+static std::atomic<int>& ShouldSecondaryWait() {
+ static std::atomic<int> should_secondary_wait{1};
+ return should_secondary_wait;
+}
+
+static std::string Key(uint64_t k) {
+ std::string ret;
+ if (IsLittleEndian()) {
+ ret.append(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&k), sizeof(k));
+ } else {
+ char buf[sizeof(k)];
+ buf[0] = k & 0xff;
+ buf[1] = (k >> 8) & 0xff;
+ buf[2] = (k >> 16) & 0xff;
+ buf[3] = (k >> 24) & 0xff;
+ buf[4] = (k >> 32) & 0xff;
+ buf[5] = (k >> 40) & 0xff;
+ buf[6] = (k >> 48) & 0xff;
+ buf[7] = (k >> 56) & 0xff;
+ ret.append(buf, sizeof(k));
+ }
+ size_t i = 0, j = ret.size() - 1;
+ while (i < j) {
+ char tmp = ret[i];
+ ret[i] = ret[j];
+ ret[j] = tmp;
+ ++i;
+ --j;
+ }
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static uint64_t Key(std::string key) {
+ assert(key.size() == sizeof(uint64_t));
+ size_t i = 0, j = key.size() - 1;
+ while (i < j) {
+ char tmp = key[i];
+ key[i] = key[j];
+ key[j] = tmp;
+ ++i;
+ --j;
+ }
+ uint64_t ret = 0;
+ if (IsLittleEndian()) {
+ memcpy(&ret, key.c_str(), sizeof(uint64_t));
+ } else {
+ const char* buf = key.c_str();
+ ret |= static_cast<uint64_t>(buf[0]);
+ ret |= (static_cast<uint64_t>(buf[1]) << 8);
+ ret |= (static_cast<uint64_t>(buf[2]) << 16);
+ ret |= (static_cast<uint64_t>(buf[3]) << 24);
+ ret |= (static_cast<uint64_t>(buf[4]) << 32);
+ ret |= (static_cast<uint64_t>(buf[5]) << 40);
+ ret |= (static_cast<uint64_t>(buf[6]) << 48);
+ ret |= (static_cast<uint64_t>(buf[7]) << 56);
+ }
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static Slice GenerateRandomValue(const size_t max_length, char scratch[]) {
+ size_t sz = 1 + (std::rand() % max_length);
+ int rnd = std::rand();
+ for (size_t i = 0; i != sz; ++i) {
+ scratch[i] = static_cast<char>(rnd ^ i);
+ }
+ return Slice(scratch, sz);
+}
+
+static bool ShouldCloseDB() { return true; }
+
+// TODO: port this example to other systems. It should be straightforward for
+// POSIX-compliant systems.
+#if defined(OS_LINUX)
+void CreateDB() {
+ long my_pid = static_cast<long>(getpid());
+ Options options;
+ Status s = rocksdb::DestroyDB(kDBPath, options);
+ if (!s.ok()) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "[process %ld] Failed to destroy DB: %s\n", my_pid,
+ s.ToString().c_str());
+ assert(false);
+ }
+ options.create_if_missing = true;
+ DB* db = nullptr;
+ s = DB::Open(options, kDBPath, &db);
+ if (!s.ok()) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "[process %ld] Failed to open DB: %s\n", my_pid,
+ s.ToString().c_str());
+ assert(false);
+ }
+ std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*> handles;
+ ColumnFamilyOptions cf_opts(options);
+ for (const auto& cf_name : GetColumnFamilyNames()) {
+ if (rocksdb::kDefaultColumnFamilyName != cf_name) {
+ ColumnFamilyHandle* handle = nullptr;
+ s = db->CreateColumnFamily(cf_opts, cf_name, &handle);
+ if (!s.ok()) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "[process %ld] Failed to create CF %s: %s\n", my_pid,
+ cf_name.c_str(), s.ToString().c_str());
+ assert(false);
+ }
+ handles.push_back(handle);
+ }
+ }
+ fprintf(stdout, "[process %ld] Column families created\n", my_pid);
+ for (auto h : handles) {
+ delete h;
+ }
+ handles.clear();
+ delete db;
+}
+
+void RunPrimary() {
+ long my_pid = static_cast<long>(getpid());
+ fprintf(stdout, "[process %ld] Primary instance starts\n", my_pid);
+ CreateDB();
+ std::srand(time(nullptr));
+ DB* db = nullptr;
+ Options options;
+ options.create_if_missing = false;
+ std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor> column_families;
+ for (const auto& cf_name : GetColumnFamilyNames()) {
+ column_families.push_back(ColumnFamilyDescriptor(cf_name, options));
+ }
+ std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*> handles;
+ WriteOptions write_opts;
+ char val_buf[kMaxValueLength] = {0};
+ uint64_t curr_key = 0;
+ while (curr_key < kMaxKey) {
+ Status s;
+ if (nullptr == db) {
+ s = DB::Open(options, kDBPath, column_families, &handles, &db);
+ if (!s.ok()) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "[process %ld] Failed to open DB: %s\n", my_pid,
+ s.ToString().c_str());
+ assert(false);
+ }
+ }
+ assert(nullptr != db);
+ assert(handles.size() == GetColumnFamilyNames().size());
+ for (auto h : handles) {
+ assert(nullptr != h);
+ for (size_t i = 0; i != kNumKeysPerFlush; ++i) {
+ Slice key = Key(curr_key + static_cast<uint64_t>(i));
+ Slice value = GenerateRandomValue(kMaxValueLength, val_buf);
+ s = db->Put(write_opts, h, key, value);
+ if (!s.ok()) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "[process %ld] Failed to insert\n", my_pid);
+ assert(false);
+ }
+ }
+ s = db->Flush(FlushOptions(), h);
+ if (!s.ok()) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "[process %ld] Failed to flush\n", my_pid);
+ assert(false);
+ }
+ }
+ curr_key += static_cast<uint64_t>(kNumKeysPerFlush);
+ if (ShouldCloseDB()) {
+ for (auto h : handles) {
+ delete h;
+ }
+ handles.clear();
+ delete db;
+ db = nullptr;
+ }
+ }
+ if (nullptr != db) {
+ for (auto h : handles) {
+ delete h;
+ }
+ handles.clear();
+ delete db;
+ db = nullptr;
+ }
+ fprintf(stdout, "[process %ld] Finished adding keys\n", my_pid);
+}
+
+void secondary_instance_sigint_handler(int signal) {
+ ShouldSecondaryWait().store(0, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+ fprintf(stdout, "\n");
+ fflush(stdout);
+};
+
+void RunSecondary() {
+ ::signal(SIGINT, secondary_instance_sigint_handler);
+ long my_pid = static_cast<long>(getpid());
+ const std::string kSecondaryPath =
+ "/tmp/rocksdb_multi_processes_example_secondary";
+ // Create directory if necessary
+ if (nullptr == opendir(kSecondaryPath.c_str())) {
+ int ret =
+ mkdir(kSecondaryPath.c_str(), S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IROTH | S_IXOTH);
+ if (ret < 0) {
+ perror("failed to create directory for secondary instance");
+ exit(0);
+ }
+ }
+ DB* db = nullptr;
+ Options options;
+ options.create_if_missing = false;
+ options.max_open_files = -1;
+ Status s = DB::OpenAsSecondary(options, kDBPath, kSecondaryPath, &db);
+ if (!s.ok()) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "[process %ld] Failed to open in secondary mode: %s\n",
+ my_pid, s.ToString().c_str());
+ assert(false);
+ } else {
+ fprintf(stdout, "[process %ld] Secondary instance starts\n", my_pid);
+ }
+
+ ReadOptions ropts;
+ ropts.verify_checksums = true;
+ ropts.total_order_seek = true;
+
+ std::vector<std::thread> test_threads;
+ test_threads.emplace_back([&]() {
+ while (1 == ShouldSecondaryWait().load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
+ std::unique_ptr<Iterator> iter(db->NewIterator(ropts));
+ iter->SeekToFirst();
+ size_t count = 0;
+ for (; iter->Valid(); iter->Next()) {
+ ++count;
+ }
+ }
+ fprintf(stdout, "[process %ld] Range_scan thread finished\n", my_pid);
+ });
+
+ test_threads.emplace_back([&]() {
+ std::srand(time(nullptr));
+ while (1 == ShouldSecondaryWait().load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
+ Slice key = Key(std::rand() % kMaxKey);
+ std::string value;
+ db->Get(ropts, key, &value);
+ }
+ fprintf(stdout, "[process %ld] Point lookup thread finished\n");
+ });
+
+ uint64_t curr_key = 0;
+ while (1 == ShouldSecondaryWait().load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
+ s = db->TryCatchUpWithPrimary();
+ if (!s.ok()) {
+ fprintf(stderr,
+ "[process %ld] error while trying to catch up with "
+ "primary %s\n",
+ my_pid, s.ToString().c_str());
+ assert(false);
+ }
+ {
+ std::unique_ptr<Iterator> iter(db->NewIterator(ropts));
+ if (!iter) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "[process %ld] Failed to create iterator\n", my_pid);
+ assert(false);
+ }
+ iter->SeekToLast();
+ if (iter->Valid()) {
+ uint64_t curr_max_key = Key(iter->key().ToString());
+ if (curr_max_key != curr_key) {
+ fprintf(stdout, "[process %ld] Observed key %" PRIu64 "\n", my_pid,
+ curr_key);
+ curr_key = curr_max_key;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
+ }
+ s = db->TryCatchUpWithPrimary();
+ if (!s.ok()) {
+ fprintf(stderr,
+ "[process %ld] error while trying to catch up with "
+ "primary %s\n",
+ my_pid, s.ToString().c_str());
+ assert(false);
+ }
+
+ std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor> column_families;
+ for (const auto& cf_name : GetColumnFamilyNames()) {
+ column_families.push_back(ColumnFamilyDescriptor(cf_name, options));
+ }
+ std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*> handles;
+ DB* verification_db = nullptr;
+ s = DB::OpenForReadOnly(options, kDBPath, column_families, &handles,
+ &verification_db);
+ assert(s.ok());
+ Iterator* iter1 = verification_db->NewIterator(ropts);
+ iter1->SeekToFirst();
+
+ Iterator* iter = db->NewIterator(ropts);
+ iter->SeekToFirst();
+ for (; iter->Valid() && iter1->Valid(); iter->Next(), iter1->Next()) {
+ if (iter->key().ToString() != iter1->key().ToString()) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "%" PRIu64 "!= %" PRIu64 "\n",
+ Key(iter->key().ToString()), Key(iter1->key().ToString()));
+ assert(false);
+ } else if (iter->value().ToString() != iter1->value().ToString()) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Value mismatch\n");
+ assert(false);
+ }
+ }
+ fprintf(stdout, "[process %ld] Verification succeeded\n", my_pid);
+ for (auto& thr : test_threads) {
+ thr.join();
+ }
+ delete iter;
+ delete iter1;
+ delete db;
+ delete verification_db;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+ if (argc < 2) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "%s <0 for primary, 1 for secondary>\n", argv[0]);
+ return 0;
+ }
+ if (atoi(argv[1]) == 0) {
+ RunPrimary();
+ } else {
+ RunSecondary();
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+#else // OS_LINUX
+int main() {
+ fpritnf(stderr, "Not implemented.\n");
+ return 0;
+}
+#endif // !OS_LINUX