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+// Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc. All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
+// COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
+// (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
+//
+//
+// The goal of this tool is to be a simple stress test with focus on catching:
+// * bugs in compaction/flush processes, especially the ones that cause
+// assertion errors
+// * bugs in the code that deletes obsolete files
+//
+// There are two parts of the test:
+// * write_stress, a binary that writes to the database
+// * write_stress_runner.py, a script that invokes and kills write_stress
+//
+// Here are some interesting parts of write_stress:
+// * Runs with very high concurrency of compactions and flushes (32 threads
+// total) and tries to create a huge amount of small files
+// * The keys written to the database are not uniformly distributed -- there is
+// a 3-character prefix that mutates occasionally (in prefix mutator thread), in
+// such a way that the first character mutates slower than second, which mutates
+// slower than third character. That way, the compaction stress tests some
+// interesting compaction features like trivial moves and bottommost level
+// calculation
+// * There is a thread that creates an iterator, holds it for couple of seconds
+// and then iterates over all keys. This is supposed to test RocksDB's abilities
+// to keep the files alive when there are references to them.
+// * Some writes trigger WAL sync. This is stress testing our WAL sync code.
+// * At the end of the run, we make sure that we didn't leak any of the sst
+// files
+//
+// write_stress_runner.py changes the mode in which we run write_stress and also
+// kills and restarts it. There are some interesting characteristics:
+// * At the beginning we divide the full test runtime into smaller parts --
+// shorter runtimes (couple of seconds) and longer runtimes (100, 1000) seconds
+// * The first time we run write_stress, we destroy the old DB. Every next time
+// during the test, we use the same DB.
+// * We can run in kill mode or clean-restart mode. Kill mode kills the
+// write_stress violently.
+// * We can run in mode where delete_obsolete_files_with_fullscan is true or
+// false
+// * We can run with low_open_files mode turned on or off. When it's turned on,
+// we configure table cache to only hold a couple of files -- that way we need
+// to reopen files every time we access them.
+//
+// Another goal was to create a stress test without a lot of parameters. So
+// tools/write_stress_runner.py should only take one parameter -- runtime_sec
+// and it should figure out everything else on its own.
+
+#include <cstdio>
+
+#ifndef GFLAGS
+int main() {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Please install gflags to run rocksdb tools\n");
+ return 1;
+}
+#else
+
+#ifndef __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS
+#define __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS
+#endif // __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <random>
+#include <set>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include "port/port.h"
+#include "rocksdb/db.h"
+#include "rocksdb/env.h"
+#include "rocksdb/options.h"
+#include "rocksdb/slice.h"
+#include "util/filename.h"
+#include "util/gflags_compat.h"
+
+using GFLAGS_NAMESPACE::ParseCommandLineFlags;
+using GFLAGS_NAMESPACE::RegisterFlagValidator;
+using GFLAGS_NAMESPACE::SetUsageMessage;
+
+DEFINE_int32(key_size, 10, "Key size");
+DEFINE_int32(value_size, 100, "Value size");
+DEFINE_string(db, "", "Use the db with the following name.");
+DEFINE_bool(destroy_db, true,
+ "Destroy the existing DB before running the test");
+
+DEFINE_int32(runtime_sec, 10 * 60, "How long are we running for, in seconds");
+DEFINE_int32(seed, 139, "Random seed");
+
+DEFINE_double(prefix_mutate_period_sec, 1.0,
+ "How often are we going to mutate the prefix");
+DEFINE_double(first_char_mutate_probability, 0.1,
+ "How likely are we to mutate the first char every period");
+DEFINE_double(second_char_mutate_probability, 0.2,
+ "How likely are we to mutate the second char every period");
+DEFINE_double(third_char_mutate_probability, 0.5,
+ "How likely are we to mutate the third char every period");
+
+DEFINE_int32(iterator_hold_sec, 5,
+ "How long will the iterator hold files before it gets destroyed");
+
+DEFINE_double(sync_probability, 0.01, "How often are we syncing writes");
+DEFINE_bool(delete_obsolete_files_with_fullscan, false,
+ "If true, we delete obsolete files after each compaction/flush "
+ "using GetChildren() API");
+DEFINE_bool(low_open_files_mode, false,
+ "If true, we set max_open_files to 20, so that every file access "
+ "needs to reopen it");
+
+namespace rocksdb {
+
+static const int kPrefixSize = 3;
+
+class WriteStress {
+ public:
+ WriteStress() : stop_(false) {
+ // initialize key_prefix
+ for (int i = 0; i < kPrefixSize; ++i) {
+ key_prefix_[i].store('a');
+ }
+
+ // Choose a location for the test database if none given with --db=<path>
+ if (FLAGS_db.empty()) {
+ std::string default_db_path;
+ Env::Default()->GetTestDirectory(&default_db_path);
+ default_db_path += "/write_stress";
+ FLAGS_db = default_db_path;
+ }
+
+ Options options;
+ if (FLAGS_destroy_db) {
+ DestroyDB(FLAGS_db, options); // ignore
+ }
+
+ // make the LSM tree deep, so that we have many concurrent flushes and
+ // compactions
+ options.create_if_missing = true;
+ options.write_buffer_size = 256 * 1024; // 256k
+ options.max_bytes_for_level_base = 1 * 1024 * 1024; // 1MB
+ options.target_file_size_base = 100 * 1024; // 100k
+ options.max_write_buffer_number = 16;
+ options.max_background_compactions = 16;
+ options.max_background_flushes = 16;
+ options.max_open_files = FLAGS_low_open_files_mode ? 20 : -1;
+ if (FLAGS_delete_obsolete_files_with_fullscan) {
+ options.delete_obsolete_files_period_micros = 0;
+ }
+
+ // open DB
+ DB* db;
+ Status s = DB::Open(options, FLAGS_db, &db);
+ if (!s.ok()) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Can't open database: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
+ std::abort();
+ }
+ db_.reset(db);
+ }
+
+ void WriteThread() {
+ std::mt19937 rng(static_cast<unsigned int>(FLAGS_seed));
+ std::uniform_real_distribution<double> dist(0, 1);
+
+ auto random_string = [](std::mt19937& r, int len) {
+ std::uniform_int_distribution<int> char_dist('a', 'z');
+ std::string ret;
+ for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+ ret += static_cast<char>(char_dist(r));
+ }
+ return ret;
+ };
+
+ while (!stop_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
+ std::string prefix;
+ prefix.resize(kPrefixSize);
+ for (int i = 0; i < kPrefixSize; ++i) {
+ prefix[i] = key_prefix_[i].load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+ }
+ auto key = prefix + random_string(rng, FLAGS_key_size - kPrefixSize);
+ auto value = random_string(rng, FLAGS_value_size);
+ WriteOptions woptions;
+ woptions.sync = dist(rng) < FLAGS_sync_probability;
+ auto s = db_->Put(woptions, key, value);
+ if (!s.ok()) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Write to DB failed: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
+ std::abort();
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ void IteratorHoldThread() {
+ while (!stop_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
+ std::unique_ptr<Iterator> iterator(db_->NewIterator(ReadOptions()));
+ Env::Default()->SleepForMicroseconds(FLAGS_iterator_hold_sec * 1000 *
+ 1000LL);
+ for (iterator->SeekToFirst(); iterator->Valid(); iterator->Next()) {
+ }
+ if (!iterator->status().ok()) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Iterator statuts not OK: %s\n",
+ iterator->status().ToString().c_str());
+ std::abort();
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ void PrefixMutatorThread() {
+ std::mt19937 rng(static_cast<unsigned int>(FLAGS_seed));
+ std::uniform_real_distribution<double> dist(0, 1);
+ std::uniform_int_distribution<int> char_dist('a', 'z');
+ while (!stop_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
+ Env::Default()->SleepForMicroseconds(static_cast<int>(
+ FLAGS_prefix_mutate_period_sec *
+ 1000 * 1000LL));
+ if (dist(rng) < FLAGS_first_char_mutate_probability) {
+ key_prefix_[0].store(static_cast<char>(char_dist(rng)), std::memory_order_relaxed);
+ }
+ if (dist(rng) < FLAGS_second_char_mutate_probability) {
+ key_prefix_[1].store(static_cast<char>(char_dist(rng)), std::memory_order_relaxed);
+ }
+ if (dist(rng) < FLAGS_third_char_mutate_probability) {
+ key_prefix_[2].store(static_cast<char>(char_dist(rng)), std::memory_order_relaxed);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ int Run() {
+ threads_.emplace_back([&]() { WriteThread(); });
+ threads_.emplace_back([&]() { PrefixMutatorThread(); });
+ threads_.emplace_back([&]() { IteratorHoldThread(); });
+
+ if (FLAGS_runtime_sec == -1) {
+ // infinite runtime, until we get killed
+ while (true) {
+ Env::Default()->SleepForMicroseconds(1000 * 1000);
+ }
+ }
+
+ Env::Default()->SleepForMicroseconds(FLAGS_runtime_sec * 1000 * 1000);
+
+ stop_.store(true, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+ for (auto& t : threads_) {
+ t.join();
+ }
+ threads_.clear();
+
+// Skip checking for leaked files in ROCKSDB_LITE since we don't have access to
+// function GetLiveFilesMetaData
+#ifndef ROCKSDB_LITE
+ // let's see if we leaked some files
+ db_->PauseBackgroundWork();
+ std::vector<LiveFileMetaData> metadata;
+ db_->GetLiveFilesMetaData(&metadata);
+ std::set<uint64_t> sst_file_numbers;
+ for (const auto& file : metadata) {
+ uint64_t number;
+ FileType type;
+ if (!ParseFileName(file.name, &number, "LOG", &type)) {
+ continue;
+ }
+ if (type == kTableFile) {
+ sst_file_numbers.insert(number);
+ }
+ }
+
+ std::vector<std::string> children;
+ Env::Default()->GetChildren(FLAGS_db, &children);
+ for (const auto& child : children) {
+ uint64_t number;
+ FileType type;
+ if (!ParseFileName(child, &number, "LOG", &type)) {
+ continue;
+ }
+ if (type == kTableFile) {
+ if (sst_file_numbers.find(number) == sst_file_numbers.end()) {
+ fprintf(stderr,
+ "Found a table file in DB path that should have been "
+ "deleted: %s\n",
+ child.c_str());
+ std::abort();
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ db_->ContinueBackgroundWork();
+#endif // !ROCKSDB_LITE
+
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ private:
+ // each key is prepended with this prefix. we occasionally change it. third
+ // letter is changed more frequently than second, which is changed more
+ // frequently than the first one.
+ std::atomic<char> key_prefix_[kPrefixSize];
+ std::atomic<bool> stop_;
+ std::vector<port::Thread> threads_;
+ std::unique_ptr<DB> db_;
+};
+
+} // namespace rocksdb
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+ SetUsageMessage(std::string("\nUSAGE:\n") + std::string(argv[0]) +
+ " [OPTIONS]...");
+ ParseCommandLineFlags(&argc, &argv, true);
+ rocksdb::WriteStress write_stress;
+ return write_stress.Run();
+}
+
+#endif // GFLAGS