// -*- mode:C++; tab-width:8; c-basic-offset:2; indent-tabs-mode:t -*-
// vim: ts=8 sw=2 smarttab
/*
 * Ceph - scalable distributed file system
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2004-2006 Sage Weil <sage@newdream.net>
 *
 * This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License version 2.1, as published by the Free Software
 * Foundation.  See file COPYING.
 *
 */

#ifndef CEPH_HASHINDEX_H
#define CEPH_HASHINDEX_H

#include "include/buffer_fwd.h"
#include "include/encoding.h"
#include "LFNIndex.h"

extern string reverse_hexdigit_bits_string(string l);

/**
 * Implements collection prehashing.
 *
 * @verbatim
 *     (root) - 0 - 0
 *                - 1
 *                - E
 *            - 1
 *            - 2 - D - 0
 *            .
 *            .
 *            .
 *            - F - 0
 * @endverbatim
 *
 * A file is located at the longest existing directory from the root
 * given by the hex characters in the hash beginning with the least
 * significant.
 *
 * ex: ghobject_t("object", CEPH_NO_SNAP, 0xA4CEE0D2)
 * would be located in (root)/2/D/0/
 *
 * Subdirectories are created when the number of objects in a
 * directory exceed 16 * (abs(merge_threshhold) * split_multiplier +
 * split_rand_factor). The number of objects in a directory is encoded
 * as subdir_info_s in an xattr on the directory.
 */
class HashIndex : public LFNIndex {
private:
  /// Attribute name for storing subdir info @see subdir_info_s
  static const string SUBDIR_ATTR;
  /// Attribute name for storing index-wide settings
  static const string SETTINGS_ATTR;
  /// Attribute name for storing in progress op tag
  static const string IN_PROGRESS_OP_TAG;
  /// Size (bits) in object hash
  static const int PATH_HASH_LEN = 32;
  /// Max length of hashed path
  static const int MAX_HASH_LEVEL = (PATH_HASH_LEN/4);

  /**
   * Merges occur when the number of object drops below
   * merge_threshold and splits occur when the number of objects
   * exceeds:
   *
   *   16 * (abs(merge_threshold) * split_multiplier + split_rand_factor)
   *
   * Please note if merge_threshold is less than zero, it will never
   * do merging
   */
  int merge_threshold;
  int split_multiplier;

  /// Encodes current subdir state for determining when to split/merge.
  struct subdir_info_s {
    uint64_t objs;       ///< Objects in subdir.
    uint32_t subdirs;    ///< Subdirs in subdir.
    uint32_t hash_level; ///< Hashlevel of subdir.

    subdir_info_s() : objs(0), subdirs(0), hash_level(0) {}

    void encode(bufferlist &bl) const
    {
      using ceph::encode;
      __u8 v = 1;
      encode(v, bl);
      encode(objs, bl);
      encode(subdirs, bl);
      encode(hash_level, bl);
    }

    void decode(bufferlist::const_iterator &bl)
    {
      using ceph::decode;
      __u8 v;
      decode(v, bl);
      ceph_assert(v == 1);
      decode(objs, bl);
      decode(subdirs, bl);
      decode(hash_level, bl);
    }
  };

  struct settings_s {
    uint32_t split_rand_factor; ///< random factor added to split threshold (only on root of collection)
    settings_s() : split_rand_factor(0) {}
    void encode(bufferlist &bl) const
    {
      using ceph::encode;
      __u8 v = 1;
      encode(v, bl);
      encode(split_rand_factor, bl);
    }
    void decode(bufferlist::const_iterator &bl)
    {
      using ceph::decode;
      __u8 v;
      decode(v, bl);
      decode(split_rand_factor, bl);
    }
  } settings;

  /// Encodes in progress split or merge
  struct InProgressOp {
    static const int SPLIT = 0;
    static const int MERGE = 1;
    static const int COL_SPLIT = 2;
    int op;
    vector<string> path;

    InProgressOp(int op, const vector<string> &path)
      : op(op), path(path) {}

    explicit InProgressOp(bufferlist::const_iterator &bl) {
      decode(bl);
    }

    bool is_split() const { return op == SPLIT; }
    bool is_col_split() const { return op == COL_SPLIT; }
    bool is_merge() const { return op == MERGE; }

    void encode(bufferlist &bl) const {
      using ceph::encode;
      __u8 v = 1;
      encode(v, bl);
      encode(op, bl);
      encode(path, bl);
    }

    void decode(bufferlist::const_iterator &bl) {
      using ceph::decode;
      __u8 v;
      decode(v, bl);
      ceph_assert(v == 1);
      decode(op, bl);
      decode(path, bl);
    }
  };


public:
  /// Constructor.
  HashIndex(
    CephContext* cct,
    coll_t collection,     ///< [in] Collection
    const char *base_path, ///< [in] Path to the index root.
    int merge_at,          ///< [in] Merge threshold.
    int split_multiple,	   ///< [in] Split threshold.
    uint32_t index_version,///< [in] Index version
    double retry_probability=0) ///< [in] retry probability
    : LFNIndex(cct, collection, base_path, index_version, retry_probability),
      merge_threshold(merge_at),
      split_multiplier(split_multiple)
  {}

  int read_settings() override;

  /// @see CollectionIndex
  uint32_t collection_version() override { return index_version; }

  /// @see CollectionIndex
  int cleanup() override;

  /// @see CollectionIndex
  int prep_delete() override;

  /// @see CollectionIndex
  int _split(
    uint32_t match,
    uint32_t bits,
    CollectionIndex* dest
    ) override;

  /// @see CollectionIndex
  int _merge(
    uint32_t bits,
    CollectionIndex* dest
    ) override;

  int _merge_dirs(
    HashIndex& from,
    HashIndex& to,
    const vector<string>& path);

  /// @see CollectionIndex
  int apply_layout_settings(int target_level) override;

protected:
  int _init() override;

  int _created(
    const vector<string> &path,
    const ghobject_t &oid,
    const string &mangled_name
    ) override;
  int _remove(
    const vector<string> &path,
    const ghobject_t &oid,
    const string &mangled_name
    ) override;
  int _lookup(
    const ghobject_t &oid,
    vector<string> *path,
    string *mangled_name,
    int *hardlink
    ) override;

  /**
   * Pre-hash the collection to create folders according to the expected number
   * of objects in this collection.
   */
  int _pre_hash_collection(
      uint32_t pg_num,
      uint64_t expected_num_objs
      ) override;

  int _collection_list_partial(
    const ghobject_t &start,
    const ghobject_t &end,
    int max_count,
    vector<ghobject_t> *ls,
    ghobject_t *next
    ) override;
private:
  /// Internal recursively remove path and its subdirs
  int _recursive_remove(
    const vector<string> &path, ///< [in] path to remove
    bool top			///< [in] internal tracking of first caller
    ); /// @return Error Code, 0 on success
  /// Recursively remove path and its subdirs
  int recursive_remove(
    const vector<string> &path ///< [in] path to remove
    ); /// @return Error Code, 0 on success
  /// Tag root directory at beginning of col_split
  int start_col_split(
    const vector<string> &path ///< [in] path to split
    ); ///< @return Error Code, 0 on success
  /// Tag root directory at beginning of split
  int start_split(
    const vector<string> &path ///< [in] path to split
    ); ///< @return Error Code, 0 on success
  /// Tag root directory at beginning of split
  int start_merge(
    const vector<string> &path ///< [in] path to merge
    ); ///< @return Error Code, 0 on success
  /// Remove tag at end of split or merge
  int end_split_or_merge(
    const vector<string> &path ///< [in] path to split or merged
    ); ///< @return Error Code, 0 on success
  /// Gets info from the xattr on the subdir represented by path
  int get_info(
    const vector<string> &path, ///< [in] Path from which to read attribute.
    subdir_info_s *info		///< [out] Attribute value
    ); /// @return Error Code, 0 on success

  /// Sets info to the xattr on the subdir represented by path
  int set_info(
    const vector<string> &path, ///< [in] Path on which to set attribute.
    const subdir_info_s &info  	///< [in] Value to set
    ); /// @return Error Code, 0 on success

  /// Encapsulates logic for when to split.
  bool must_merge(
    const subdir_info_s &info ///< [in] Info to check
    ); /// @return True if info must be merged, False otherwise

  /// Encapsulates logic for when to merge.
  bool must_split(
    const subdir_info_s &info, ///< [in] Info to check
    int target_level = 0
    ); /// @return True if info must be split, False otherwise

  /// Initiates merge
  int initiate_merge(
    const vector<string> &path, ///< [in] Subdir to merge
    subdir_info_s info		///< [in] Info attached to path
    ); /// @return Error Code, 0 on success

  /// Completes merge
  int complete_merge(
    const vector<string> &path, ///< [in] Subdir to merge
    subdir_info_s info		///< [in] Info attached to path
    ); /// @return Error Code, 0 on success

  /// Resets attr to match actual subdir contents
  int reset_attr(
    const vector<string> &path ///< [in] path to cleanup
    );

  /// Initiate Split
  int initiate_split(
    const vector<string> &path, ///< [in] Subdir to split
    subdir_info_s info		///< [in] Info attached to path
    ); /// @return Error Code, 0 on success

  /// Completes Split
  int complete_split(
    const vector<string> &path, ///< [in] Subdir to split
    subdir_info_s info	       ///< [in] Info attached to path
    ); /// @return Error Code, 0 on success

  /// Determine path components from hoid hash
  void get_path_components(
    const ghobject_t &oid, ///< [in] Object for which to get path components
    vector<string> *path   ///< [out] Path components for hoid.
    );

  /// Pre-hash and split folders to avoid runtime splitting
  /// according to the given expected object number.
  int pre_split_folder(uint32_t pg_num, uint64_t expected_num_objs);

  /// Initialize the folder (dir info) with the given hash
  /// level and number of its subdirs.
  int init_split_folder(vector<string> &path, uint32_t hash_level);

  /// do collection split for path
  static int col_split_level(
    HashIndex &from,            ///< [in] from index
    HashIndex &dest,            ///< [in] to index
    const vector<string> &path, ///< [in] path to split
    uint32_t bits,              ///< [in] num bits to match
    uint32_t match,             ///< [in] bits to match
    unsigned *mkdirred          ///< [in,out] path[:mkdirred] has been mkdirred
    );


  /**
   * Get string representation of ghobject_t/hash
   *
   * e.g: 0x01234567 -> "76543210"
   */
  static string get_path_str(
    const ghobject_t &oid ///< [in] Object to get hash string for
    ); ///< @return Hash string for hoid.

  /// Get string from hash, @see get_path_str
  static string get_hash_str(
    uint32_t hash ///< [in] Hash to convert to a string.
    ); ///< @return String representation of hash

  /// Get hash from hash prefix string e.g. "FFFFAB" -> 0xFFFFAB00
  static uint32_t hash_prefix_to_hash(
    string prefix ///< [in] string to convert
    ); ///< @return Hash

  /// Get hash mod from path
  static void path_to_hobject_hash_prefix(
    const vector<string> &path,///< [in] path to convert
    uint32_t *bits,            ///< [out] bits
    uint32_t *hash             ///< [out] hash
    ) {
    string hash_str;
    for (vector<string>::const_iterator i = path.begin();
	 i != path.end();
	 ++i) {
      hash_str.push_back(*i->begin());
    }
    uint32_t rev_hash = hash_prefix_to_hash(hash_str);
    if (hash)
      *hash = rev_hash;
    if (bits)
      *bits = path.size() * 4;
  }

  /// Calculate the number of bits.
  static int calc_num_bits(uint64_t n) {
    int ret = 0;
    while (n > 0) {
      n = n >> 1;
      ret++;
    }
    return ret;
  }

  /// Convert a number to hex string (upper case).
  static string to_hex(int n) {
    ceph_assert(n >= 0 && n < 16);
    char c = (n <= 9 ? ('0' + n) : ('A' + n - 10));
    string str;
    str.append(1, c);
    return str;
  }

  struct CmpPairBitwise {
    bool operator()(const pair<string, ghobject_t>& l,
		    const pair<string, ghobject_t>& r) const
    {
      if (l.first < r.first)
	return true;
      if (l.first > r.first)
	return false;
      if (cmp(l.second, r.second) < 0)
	return true;
      return false;
    }
  };

  struct CmpHexdigitStringBitwise {
    bool operator()(const string& l, const string& r) const {
      return reverse_hexdigit_bits_string(l) < reverse_hexdigit_bits_string(r);
    }
  };

  /// Get path contents by hash
  int get_path_contents_by_hash_bitwise(
    const vector<string> &path,             /// [in] Path to list
    const ghobject_t *next_object,          /// [in] list > *next_object
    set<string, CmpHexdigitStringBitwise> *hash_prefixes, /// [out] prefixes in dir
    set<pair<string, ghobject_t>, CmpPairBitwise> *objects /// [out] objects
    );

  /// List objects in collection in ghobject_t order
  int list_by_hash(
    const vector<string> &path, /// [in] Path to list
    const ghobject_t &end,      /// [in] List only objects < end
    int max_count,              /// [in] List at most max_count
    ghobject_t *next,            /// [in,out] List objects >= *next
    vector<ghobject_t> *out      /// [out] Listed objects
    ); ///< @return Error Code, 0 on success
  /// List objects in collection in ghobject_t order
  int list_by_hash_bitwise(
    const vector<string> &path, /// [in] Path to list
    const ghobject_t &end,      /// [in] List only objects < end
    int max_count,              /// [in] List at most max_count
    ghobject_t *next,            /// [in,out] List objects >= *next
    vector<ghobject_t> *out      /// [out] Listed objects
    ); ///< @return Error Code, 0 on success

  /// Create the given levels of sub directories from the given root.
  /// The contents of *path* is not changed after calling this function.
  int recursive_create_path(vector<string>& path, int level);

  /// split each dir below the given path
  int split_dirs(const vector<string> &path, int target_level = 0);

  int write_settings();
};

#endif