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+libpng-manual.txt - A description on how to use and modify libpng
+
+ Copyright (c) 2018-2019 Cosmin Truta
+ Copyright (c) 1998-2018 Glenn Randers-Pehrson
+
+ This document is released under the libpng license.
+ For conditions of distribution and use, see the disclaimer
+ and license in png.h
+
+ Based on:
+
+ libpng version 1.6.36, December 2018, through 1.6.37 - April 2019
+ Updated and distributed by Cosmin Truta
+ Copyright (c) 2018-2019 Cosmin Truta
+
+ libpng versions 0.97, January 1998, through 1.6.35 - July 2018
+ Updated and distributed by Glenn Randers-Pehrson
+ Copyright (c) 1998-2018 Glenn Randers-Pehrson
+
+ libpng 1.0 beta 6 - version 0.96 - May 28, 1997
+ Updated and distributed by Andreas Dilger
+ Copyright (c) 1996, 1997 Andreas Dilger
+
+ libpng 1.0 beta 2 - version 0.88 - January 26, 1996
+ For conditions of distribution and use, see copyright
+ notice in png.h. Copyright (c) 1995, 1996 Guy Eric
+ Schalnat, Group 42, Inc.
+
+ Updated/rewritten per request in the libpng FAQ
+ Copyright (c) 1995, 1996 Frank J. T. Wojcik
+ December 18, 1995 & January 20, 1996
+
+ TABLE OF CONTENTS
+
+    I. Introduction
+   II. Structures
+  III. Reading
+   IV. Writing
+    V. Simplified API
+   VI. Modifying/Customizing libpng
+  VII. MNG support
+ VIII. Changes to Libpng from version 0.88
+   IX. Changes to Libpng from version 1.0.x to 1.2.x
+    X. Changes to Libpng from version 1.0.x/1.2.x to 1.4.x
+   XI. Changes to Libpng from version 1.4.x to 1.5.x
+  XII. Changes to Libpng from version 1.5.x to 1.6.x
+ XIII. Detecting libpng
+  XIV. Source code repository
+   XV. Coding style
+
+I. Introduction
+
+This file describes how to use and modify the PNG reference library
+(known as libpng) for your own use.  In addition to this
+file, example.c is a good starting point for using the library, as
+it is heavily commented and should include everything most people
+will need.  We assume that libpng is already installed; see the
+INSTALL file for instructions on how to configure and install libpng.
+
+For examples of libpng usage, see the files "example.c", "pngtest.c",
+and the files in the "contrib" directory, all of which are included in
+the libpng distribution.
+
+Libpng was written as a companion to the PNG specification, as a way
+of reducing the amount of time and effort it takes to support the PNG
+file format in application programs.
+
+The PNG specification (second edition), November 2003, is available as
+a W3C Recommendation and as an ISO Standard (ISO/IEC 15948:2004 (E)) at
+<https://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-PNG-20031110/>.
+The W3C and ISO documents have identical technical content.
+
+The PNG-1.2 specification is available at
+<https://png-mng.sourceforge.io/pub/png/spec/1.2/>.
+It is technically equivalent
+to the PNG specification (second edition) but has some additional material.
+
+The PNG-1.0 specification is available as RFC 2083 at
+<https://png-mng.sourceforge.io/pub/png/spec/1.0/> and as a
+W3C Recommendation at <https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-png-961001>.
+
+Some additional chunks are described in the special-purpose public chunks
+documents at <http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/spec/register/>
+
+Other information
+about PNG, and the latest version of libpng, can be found at the PNG home
+page, <http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/>.
+
+Most users will not have to modify the library significantly; advanced
+users may want to modify it more.  All attempts were made to make it as
+complete as possible, while keeping the code easy to understand.
+Currently, this library only supports C.  Support for other languages
+is being considered.
+
+Libpng has been designed to handle multiple sessions at one time,
+to be easily modifiable, to be portable to the vast majority of
+machines (ANSI, K&R, 16-, 32-, and 64-bit) available, and to be easy
+to use.  The ultimate goal of libpng is to promote the acceptance of
+the PNG file format in whatever way possible.  While there is still
+work to be done (see the TODO file), libpng should cover the
+majority of the needs of its users.
+
+Libpng uses zlib for its compression and decompression of PNG files.
+Further information about zlib, and the latest version of zlib, can
+be found at the zlib home page, <https://zlib.net/>.
+The zlib compression utility is a general purpose utility that is
+useful for more than PNG files, and can be used without libpng.
+See the documentation delivered with zlib for more details.
+You can usually find the source files for the zlib utility wherever you
+find the libpng source files.
+
+Libpng is thread safe, provided the threads are using different
+instances of the structures.  Each thread should have its own
+png_struct and png_info instances, and thus its own image.
+Libpng does not protect itself against two threads using the
+same instance of a structure.
+
+II. Structures
+
+There are two main structures that are important to libpng, png_struct
+and png_info.  Both are internal structures that are no longer exposed
+in the libpng interface (as of libpng 1.5.0).
+
+The png_info structure is designed to provide information about the
+PNG file.  At one time, the fields of png_info were intended to be
+directly accessible to the user.  However, this tended to cause problems
+with applications using dynamically loaded libraries, and as a result
+a set of interface functions for png_info (the png_get_*() and png_set_*()
+functions) was developed, and direct access to the png_info fields was
+deprecated..
+
+The png_struct structure is the object used by the library to decode a
+single image.  As of 1.5.0 this structure is also not exposed.
+
+Almost all libpng APIs require a pointer to a png_struct as the first argument.
+Many (in particular the png_set and png_get APIs) also require a pointer
+to png_info as the second argument.  Some application visible macros
+defined in png.h designed for basic data access (reading and writing
+integers in the PNG format) don't take a png_info pointer, but it's almost
+always safe to assume that a (png_struct*) has to be passed to call an API
+function.
+
+You can have more than one png_info structure associated with an image,
+as illustrated in pngtest.c, one for information valid prior to the
+IDAT chunks and another (called "end_info" below) for things after them.
+
+The png.h header file is an invaluable reference for programming with libpng.
+And while I'm on the topic, make sure you include the libpng header file:
+
+#include <png.h>
+
+and also (as of libpng-1.5.0) the zlib header file, if you need it:
+
+#include <zlib.h>
+
+Types
+
+The png.h header file defines a number of integral types used by the
+APIs.  Most of these are fairly obvious; for example types corresponding
+to integers of particular sizes and types for passing color values.
+
+One exception is how non-integral numbers are handled.  For application
+convenience most APIs that take such numbers have C (double) arguments;
+however, internally PNG, and libpng, use 32 bit signed integers and encode
+the value by multiplying by 100,000.  As of libpng 1.5.0 a convenience
+macro PNG_FP_1 is defined in png.h along with a type (png_fixed_point)
+which is simply (png_int_32).
+
+All APIs that take (double) arguments also have a matching API that
+takes the corresponding fixed point integer arguments.  The fixed point
+API has the same name as the floating point one with "_fixed" appended.
+The actual range of values permitted in the APIs is frequently less than
+the full range of (png_fixed_point) (-21474 to +21474).  When APIs require
+a non-negative argument the type is recorded as png_uint_32 above.  Consult
+the header file and the text below for more information.
+
+Special care must be take with sCAL chunk handling because the chunk itself
+uses non-integral values encoded as strings containing decimal floating point
+numbers.  See the comments in the header file.
+
+Configuration
+
+The main header file function declarations are frequently protected by C
+preprocessing directives of the form:
+
+    #ifdef PNG_feature_SUPPORTED
+    declare-function
+    #endif
+    ...
+    #ifdef PNG_feature_SUPPORTED
+    use-function
+    #endif
+
+The library can be built without support for these APIs, although a
+standard build will have all implemented APIs.  Application programs
+should check the feature macros before using an API for maximum
+portability.  From libpng 1.5.0 the feature macros set during the build
+of libpng are recorded in the header file "pnglibconf.h" and this file
+is always included by png.h.
+
+If you don't need to change the library configuration from the default, skip to
+the next section ("Reading").
+
+Notice that some of the makefiles in the 'scripts' directory and (in 1.5.0) all
+of the build project files in the 'projects' directory simply copy
+scripts/pnglibconf.h.prebuilt to pnglibconf.h.  This means that these build
+systems do not permit easy auto-configuration of the library - they only
+support the default configuration.
+
+The easiest way to make minor changes to the libpng configuration when
+auto-configuration is supported is to add definitions to the command line
+using (typically) CPPFLAGS.  For example:
+
+CPPFLAGS=-DPNG_NO_FLOATING_ARITHMETIC
+
+will change the internal libpng math implementation for gamma correction and
+other arithmetic calculations to fixed point, avoiding the need for fast
+floating point support.  The result can be seen in the generated pnglibconf.h -
+make sure it contains the changed feature macro setting.
+
+If you need to make more extensive configuration changes - more than one or two
+feature macro settings - you can either add -DPNG_USER_CONFIG to the build
+command line and put a list of feature macro settings in pngusr.h or you can set
+DFA_XTRA (a makefile variable) to a file containing the same information in the
+form of 'option' settings.
+
+A. Changing pnglibconf.h
+
+A variety of methods exist to build libpng.  Not all of these support
+reconfiguration of pnglibconf.h.  To reconfigure pnglibconf.h it must either be
+rebuilt from scripts/pnglibconf.dfa using awk or it must be edited by hand.
+
+Hand editing is achieved by copying scripts/pnglibconf.h.prebuilt to
+pnglibconf.h and changing the lines defining the supported features, paying
+very close attention to the 'option' information in scripts/pnglibconf.dfa
+that describes those features and their requirements.  This is easy to get
+wrong.
+
+B. Configuration using DFA_XTRA
+
+Rebuilding from pnglibconf.dfa is easy if a functioning 'awk', or a later
+variant such as 'nawk' or 'gawk', is available.  The configure build will
+automatically find an appropriate awk and build pnglibconf.h.
+The scripts/pnglibconf.mak file contains a set of make rules for doing the
+same thing if configure is not used, and many of the makefiles in the scripts
+directory use this approach.
+
+When rebuilding simply write a new file containing changed options and set
+DFA_XTRA to the name of this file.  This causes the build to append the new file
+to the end of scripts/pnglibconf.dfa.  The pngusr.dfa file should contain lines
+of the following forms:
+
+everything = off
+
+This turns all optional features off.  Include it at the start of pngusr.dfa to
+make it easier to build a minimal configuration.  You will need to turn at least
+some features on afterward to enable either reading or writing code, or both.
+
+option feature on
+option feature off
+
+Enable or disable a single feature.  This will automatically enable other
+features required by a feature that is turned on or disable other features that
+require a feature which is turned off.  Conflicting settings will cause an error
+message to be emitted by awk.
+
+setting feature default value
+
+Changes the default value of setting 'feature' to 'value'.  There are a small
+number of settings listed at the top of pnglibconf.h, they are documented in the
+source code.  Most of these values have performance implications for the library
+but most of them have no visible effect on the API.  Some can also be overridden
+from the API.
+
+This method of building a customized pnglibconf.h is illustrated in
+contrib/pngminim/*.  See the "$(PNGCONF):" target in the makefile and
+pngusr.dfa in these directories.
+
+C. Configuration using PNG_USER_CONFIG
+
+If -DPNG_USER_CONFIG is added to the CPPFLAGS when pnglibconf.h is built,
+the file pngusr.h will automatically be included before the options in
+scripts/pnglibconf.dfa are processed.  Your pngusr.h file should contain only
+macro definitions turning features on or off or setting settings.
+
+Apart from the global setting "everything = off" all the options listed above
+can be set using macros in pngusr.h:
+
+#define PNG_feature_SUPPORTED
+
+is equivalent to:
+
+option feature on
+
+#define PNG_NO_feature
+
+is equivalent to:
+
+option feature off
+
+#define PNG_feature value
+
+is equivalent to:
+
+setting feature default value
+
+Notice that in both cases, pngusr.dfa and pngusr.h, the contents of the
+pngusr file you supply override the contents of scripts/pnglibconf.dfa
+
+If confusing or incomprehensible behavior results it is possible to
+examine the intermediate file pnglibconf.dfn to find the full set of
+dependency information for each setting and option.  Simply locate the
+feature in the file and read the C comments that precede it.
+
+This method is also illustrated in the contrib/pngminim/* makefiles and
+pngusr.h.
+
+III. Reading
+
+We'll now walk you through the possible functions to call when reading
+in a PNG file sequentially, briefly explaining the syntax and purpose
+of each one.  See example.c and png.h for more detail.  While
+progressive reading is covered in the next section, you will still
+need some of the functions discussed in this section to read a PNG
+file.
+
+Setup
+
+You will want to do the I/O initialization(*) before you get into libpng,
+so if it doesn't work, you don't have much to undo.  Of course, you
+will also want to insure that you are, in fact, dealing with a PNG
+file.  Libpng provides a simple check to see if a file is a PNG file.
+To use it, pass in the first 1 to 8 bytes of the file to the function
+png_sig_cmp(), and it will return 0 (false) if the bytes match the
+corresponding bytes of the PNG signature, or nonzero (true) otherwise.
+Of course, the more bytes you pass in, the greater the accuracy of the
+prediction.
+
+If you are intending to keep the file pointer open for use in libpng,
+you must ensure you don't read more than 8 bytes from the beginning
+of the file, and you also have to make a call to png_set_sig_bytes()
+with the number of bytes you read from the beginning.  Libpng will
+then only check the bytes (if any) that your program didn't read.
+
+(*): If you are not using the standard I/O functions, you will need
+to replace them with custom functions.  See the discussion under
+Customizing libpng.
+
+    FILE *fp = fopen(file_name, "rb");
+    if (!fp)
+    {
+       return ERROR;
+    }
+
+    if (fread(header, 1, number, fp) != number)
+    {
+       return ERROR;
+    }
+
+    is_png = !png_sig_cmp(header, 0, number);
+    if (!is_png)
+    {
+       return NOT_PNG;
+    }
+
+Next, png_struct and png_info need to be allocated and initialized.  In
+order to ensure that the size of these structures is correct even with a
+dynamically linked libpng, there are functions to initialize and
+allocate the structures.  We also pass the library version, optional
+pointers to error handling functions, and a pointer to a data struct for
+use by the error functions, if necessary (the pointer and functions can
+be NULL if the default error handlers are to be used).  See the section
+on Changes to Libpng below regarding the old initialization functions.
+The structure allocation functions quietly return NULL if they fail to
+create the structure, so your application should check for that.
+
+    png_structp png_ptr = png_create_read_struct
+        (PNG_LIBPNG_VER_STRING, (png_voidp)user_error_ptr,
+        user_error_fn, user_warning_fn);
+
+    if (!png_ptr)
+       return ERROR;
+
+    png_infop info_ptr = png_create_info_struct(png_ptr);
+
+    if (!info_ptr)
+    {
+       png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr,
+           (png_infopp)NULL, (png_infopp)NULL);
+       return ERROR;
+    }
+
+If you want to use your own memory allocation routines,
+use a libpng that was built with PNG_USER_MEM_SUPPORTED defined, and use
+png_create_read_struct_2() instead of png_create_read_struct():
+
+    png_structp png_ptr = png_create_read_struct_2
+        (PNG_LIBPNG_VER_STRING, (png_voidp)user_error_ptr,
+        user_error_fn, user_warning_fn, (png_voidp)
+        user_mem_ptr, user_malloc_fn, user_free_fn);
+
+The error handling routines passed to png_create_read_struct()
+and the memory alloc/free routines passed to png_create_struct_2()
+are only necessary if you are not using the libpng supplied error
+handling and memory alloc/free functions.
+
+When libpng encounters an error, it expects to longjmp back
+to your routine.  Therefore, you will need to call setjmp and pass
+your png_jmpbuf(png_ptr).  If you read the file from different
+routines, you will need to update the longjmp buffer every time you enter
+a new routine that will call a png_*() function.
+
+See your documentation of setjmp/longjmp for your compiler for more
+information on setjmp/longjmp.  See the discussion on libpng error
+handling in the Customizing Libpng section below for more information
+on the libpng error handling.  If an error occurs, and libpng longjmp's
+back to your setjmp, you will want to call png_destroy_read_struct() to
+free any memory.
+
+    if (setjmp(png_jmpbuf(png_ptr)))
+    {
+       png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr,
+           &end_info);
+       fclose(fp);
+       return ERROR;
+    }
+
+Pass (png_infopp)NULL instead of &end_info if you didn't create
+an end_info structure.
+
+If you would rather avoid the complexity of setjmp/longjmp issues,
+you can compile libpng with PNG_NO_SETJMP, in which case
+errors will result in a call to PNG_ABORT() which defaults to abort().
+
+You can #define PNG_ABORT() to a function that does something
+more useful than abort(), as long as your function does not
+return.
+
+Now you need to set up the input code.  The default for libpng is to
+use the C function fread().  If you use this, you will need to pass a
+valid FILE * in the function png_init_io().  Be sure that the file is
+opened in binary mode.  If you wish to handle reading data in another
+way, you need not call the png_init_io() function, but you must then
+implement the libpng I/O methods discussed in the Customizing Libpng
+section below.
+
+    png_init_io(png_ptr, fp);
+
+If you had previously opened the file and read any of the signature from
+the beginning in order to see if this was a PNG file, you need to let
+libpng know that there are some bytes missing from the start of the file.
+
+    png_set_sig_bytes(png_ptr, number);
+
+You can change the zlib compression buffer size to be used while
+reading compressed data with
+
+    png_set_compression_buffer_size(png_ptr, buffer_size);
+
+where the default size is 8192 bytes.  Note that the buffer size
+is changed immediately and the buffer is reallocated immediately,
+instead of setting a flag to be acted upon later.
+
+If you want CRC errors to be handled in a different manner than
+the default, use
+
+    png_set_crc_action(png_ptr, crit_action, ancil_action);
+
+The values for png_set_crc_action() say how libpng is to handle CRC errors in
+ancillary and critical chunks, and whether to use the data contained
+therein. Starting with libpng-1.6.26, this also governs how an ADLER32 error
+is handled while reading the IDAT chunk. Note that it is impossible to
+"discard" data in a critical chunk.
+
+Choices for (int) crit_action are
+   PNG_CRC_DEFAULT      0  error/quit
+   PNG_CRC_ERROR_QUIT   1  error/quit
+   PNG_CRC_WARN_USE     3  warn/use data
+   PNG_CRC_QUIET_USE    4  quiet/use data
+   PNG_CRC_NO_CHANGE    5  use the current value
+
+Choices for (int) ancil_action are
+   PNG_CRC_DEFAULT      0  error/quit
+   PNG_CRC_ERROR_QUIT   1  error/quit
+   PNG_CRC_WARN_DISCARD 2  warn/discard data
+   PNG_CRC_WARN_USE     3  warn/use data
+   PNG_CRC_QUIET_USE    4  quiet/use data
+   PNG_CRC_NO_CHANGE    5  use the current value
+
+When the setting for crit_action is PNG_CRC_QUIET_USE, the CRC and ADLER32
+checksums are not only ignored, but they are not evaluated.
+
+Setting up callback code
+
+You can set up a callback function to handle any unknown chunks in the
+input stream. You must supply the function
+
+    read_chunk_callback(png_structp png_ptr,
+         png_unknown_chunkp chunk);
+    {
+       /* The unknown chunk structure contains your
+          chunk data, along with similar data for any other
+          unknown chunks: */
+
+           png_byte name[5];
+           png_byte *data;
+           size_t size;
+
+       /* Note that libpng has already taken care of
+          the CRC handling */
+
+       /* put your code here.  Search for your chunk in the
+          unknown chunk structure, process it, and return one
+          of the following: */
+
+       return -n; /* chunk had an error */
+       return 0; /* did not recognize */
+       return n; /* success */
+    }
+
+(You can give your function another name that you like instead of
+"read_chunk_callback")
+
+To inform libpng about your function, use
+
+    png_set_read_user_chunk_fn(png_ptr, user_chunk_ptr,
+        read_chunk_callback);
+
+This names not only the callback function, but also a user pointer that
+you can retrieve with
+
+    png_get_user_chunk_ptr(png_ptr);
+
+If you call the png_set_read_user_chunk_fn() function, then all unknown
+chunks which the callback does not handle will be saved when read.  You can
+cause them to be discarded by returning '1' ("handled") instead of '0'.  This
+behavior will change in libpng 1.7 and the default handling set by the
+png_set_keep_unknown_chunks() function, described below, will be used when the
+callback returns 0.  If you want the existing behavior you should set the global
+default to PNG_HANDLE_CHUNK_IF_SAFE now; this is compatible with all current
+versions of libpng and with 1.7.  Libpng 1.6 issues a warning if you keep the
+default, or PNG_HANDLE_CHUNK_NEVER, and the callback returns 0.
+
+At this point, you can set up a callback function that will be
+called after each row has been read, which you can use to control
+a progress meter or the like.  It's demonstrated in pngtest.c.
+You must supply a function
+
+    void read_row_callback(png_structp png_ptr,
+       png_uint_32 row, int pass);
+    {
+      /* put your code here */
+    }
+
+(You can give it another name that you like instead of "read_row_callback")
+
+To inform libpng about your function, use
+
+    png_set_read_status_fn(png_ptr, read_row_callback);
+
+When this function is called the row has already been completely processed and
+the 'row' and 'pass' refer to the next row to be handled.  For the
+non-interlaced case the row that was just handled is simply one less than the
+passed in row number, and pass will always be 0.  For the interlaced case the
+same applies unless the row value is 0, in which case the row just handled was
+the last one from one of the preceding passes.  Because interlacing may skip a
+pass you cannot be sure that the preceding pass is just 'pass-1'; if you really
+need to know what the last pass is record (row,pass) from the callback and use
+the last recorded value each time.
+
+As with the user transform you can find the output row using the
+PNG_ROW_FROM_PASS_ROW macro.
+
+Unknown-chunk handling
+
+Now you get to set the way the library processes unknown chunks in the
+input PNG stream. Both known and unknown chunks will be read.  Normal
+behavior is that known chunks will be parsed into information in
+various info_ptr members while unknown chunks will be discarded. This
+behavior can be wasteful if your application will never use some known
+chunk types. To change this, you can call:
+
+    png_set_keep_unknown_chunks(png_ptr, keep,
+        chunk_list, num_chunks);
+
+    keep       - 0: default unknown chunk handling
+                 1: ignore; do not keep
+                 2: keep only if safe-to-copy
+                 3: keep even if unsafe-to-copy
+
+               You can use these definitions:
+                 PNG_HANDLE_CHUNK_AS_DEFAULT   0
+                 PNG_HANDLE_CHUNK_NEVER        1
+                 PNG_HANDLE_CHUNK_IF_SAFE      2
+                 PNG_HANDLE_CHUNK_ALWAYS       3
+
+    chunk_list - list of chunks affected (a byte string,
+                 five bytes per chunk, NULL or '\0' if
+                 num_chunks is positive; ignored if
+                 numchunks <= 0).
+
+    num_chunks - number of chunks affected; if 0, all
+                 unknown chunks are affected.  If positive,
+                 only the chunks in the list are affected,
+                 and if negative all unknown chunks and
+                 all known chunks except for the IHDR,
+                 PLTE, tRNS, IDAT, and IEND chunks are
+                 affected.
+
+Unknown chunks declared in this way will be saved as raw data onto a
+list of png_unknown_chunk structures.  If a chunk that is normally
+known to libpng is named in the list, it will be handled as unknown,
+according to the "keep" directive.  If a chunk is named in successive
+instances of png_set_keep_unknown_chunks(), the final instance will
+take precedence.  The IHDR and IEND chunks should not be named in
+chunk_list; if they are, libpng will process them normally anyway.
+If you know that your application will never make use of some particular
+chunks, use PNG_HANDLE_CHUNK_NEVER (or 1) as demonstrated below.
+
+Here is an example of the usage of png_set_keep_unknown_chunks(),
+where the private "vpAg" chunk will later be processed by a user chunk
+callback function:
+
+    png_byte vpAg[5]={118, 112,  65, 103, (png_byte) '\0'};
+
+    #if defined(PNG_UNKNOWN_CHUNKS_SUPPORTED)
+      png_byte unused_chunks[]=
+      {
+        104,  73,  83,  84, (png_byte) '\0',   /* hIST */
+        105,  84,  88, 116, (png_byte) '\0',   /* iTXt */
+        112,  67,  65,  76, (png_byte) '\0',   /* pCAL */
+        115,  67,  65,  76, (png_byte) '\0',   /* sCAL */
+        115,  80,  76,  84, (png_byte) '\0',   /* sPLT */
+        116,  73,  77,  69, (png_byte) '\0',   /* tIME */
+      };
+    #endif
+
+    ...
+
+    #if defined(PNG_UNKNOWN_CHUNKS_SUPPORTED)
+      /* ignore all unknown chunks
+       * (use global setting "2" for libpng16 and earlier):
+       */
+      png_set_keep_unknown_chunks(read_ptr, 2, NULL, 0);
+
+      /* except for vpAg: */
+      png_set_keep_unknown_chunks(read_ptr, 2, vpAg, 1);
+
+      /* also ignore unused known chunks: */
+      png_set_keep_unknown_chunks(read_ptr, 1, unused_chunks,
+         (int)(sizeof unused_chunks)/5);
+    #endif
+
+User limits
+
+The PNG specification allows the width and height of an image to be as
+large as 2^31-1 (0x7fffffff), or about 2.147 billion rows and columns.
+For safety, libpng imposes a default limit of 1 million rows and columns.
+Larger images will be rejected immediately with a png_error() call. If
+you wish to change these limits, you can use
+
+   png_set_user_limits(png_ptr, width_max, height_max);
+
+to set your own limits (libpng may reject some very wide images
+anyway because of potential buffer overflow conditions).
+
+You should put this statement after you create the PNG structure and
+before calling png_read_info(), png_read_png(), or png_process_data().
+
+When writing a PNG datastream, put this statement before calling
+png_write_info() or png_write_png().
+
+If you need to retrieve the limits that are being applied, use
+
+   width_max = png_get_user_width_max(png_ptr);
+   height_max = png_get_user_height_max(png_ptr);
+
+The PNG specification sets no limit on the number of ancillary chunks
+allowed in a PNG datastream.  By default, libpng imposes a limit of
+a total of 1000 sPLT, tEXt, iTXt, zTXt, and unknown chunks to be stored.
+If you have set up both info_ptr and end_info_ptr, the limit applies
+separately to each.  You can change the limit on the total number of such
+chunks that will be stored, with
+
+   png_set_chunk_cache_max(png_ptr, user_chunk_cache_max);
+
+where 0x7fffffffL means unlimited.  You can retrieve this limit with
+
+   chunk_cache_max = png_get_chunk_cache_max(png_ptr);
+
+Libpng imposes a limit of 8 Megabytes (8,000,000 bytes) on the amount of
+memory that any chunk other than IDAT can occupy, originally or when
+decompressed (prior to libpng-1.6.32 the limit was only applied to compressed
+chunks after decompression). You can change this limit with
+
+   png_set_chunk_malloc_max(png_ptr, user_chunk_malloc_max);
+
+and you can retrieve the limit with
+
+   chunk_malloc_max = png_get_chunk_malloc_max(png_ptr);
+
+Any chunks that would cause either of these limits to be exceeded will
+be ignored.
+
+Information about your system
+
+If you intend to display the PNG or to incorporate it in other image data you
+need to tell libpng information about your display or drawing surface so that
+libpng can convert the values in the image to match the display.
+
+From libpng-1.5.4 this information can be set before reading the PNG file
+header.  In earlier versions png_set_gamma() existed but behaved incorrectly if
+called before the PNG file header had been read and png_set_alpha_mode() did not
+exist.
+
+If you need to support versions prior to libpng-1.5.4 test the version number
+as illustrated below using "PNG_LIBPNG_VER >= 10504" and follow the procedures
+described in the appropriate manual page.
+
+You give libpng the encoding expected by your system expressed as a 'gamma'
+value.  You can also specify a default encoding for the PNG file in
+case the required information is missing from the file.  By default libpng
+assumes that the PNG data matches your system, to keep this default call:
+
+   png_set_gamma(png_ptr, screen_gamma, output_gamma);
+
+or you can use the fixed point equivalent:
+
+   png_set_gamma_fixed(png_ptr, PNG_FP_1*screen_gamma,
+      PNG_FP_1*output_gamma);
+
+If you don't know the gamma for your system it is probably 2.2 - a good
+approximation to the IEC standard for display systems (sRGB).  If images are
+too contrasty or washed out you got the value wrong - check your system
+documentation!
+
+Many systems permit the system gamma to be changed via a lookup table in the
+display driver, a few systems, including older Macs, change the response by
+default.  As of 1.5.4 three special values are available to handle common
+situations:
+
+   PNG_DEFAULT_sRGB: Indicates that the system conforms to the
+                     IEC 61966-2-1 standard.  This matches almost
+                     all systems.
+   PNG_GAMMA_MAC_18: Indicates that the system is an older
+                     (pre Mac OS 10.6) Apple Macintosh system with
+                     the default settings.
+   PNG_GAMMA_LINEAR: Just the fixed point value for 1.0 - indicates
+                     that the system expects data with no gamma
+                     encoding.
+
+You would use the linear (unencoded) value if you need to process the pixel
+values further because this avoids the need to decode and re-encode each
+component value whenever arithmetic is performed.  A lot of graphics software
+uses linear values for this reason, often with higher precision component values
+to preserve overall accuracy.
+
+
+The output_gamma value expresses how to decode the output values, not how
+they are encoded.  The values used correspond to the normal numbers used to
+describe the overall gamma of a computer display system; for example 2.2 for
+an sRGB conformant system.  The values are scaled by 100000 in the _fixed
+version of the API (so 220000 for sRGB.)
+
+The inverse of the value is always used to provide a default for the PNG file
+encoding if it has no gAMA chunk and if png_set_gamma() has not been called
+to override the PNG gamma information.
+
+When the ALPHA_OPTIMIZED mode is selected the output gamma is used to encode
+opaque pixels however pixels with lower alpha values are not encoded,
+regardless of the output gamma setting.
+
+When the standard Porter Duff handling is requested with mode 1 the output
+encoding is set to be linear and the output_gamma value is only relevant
+as a default for input data that has no gamma information.  The linear output
+encoding will be overridden if png_set_gamma() is called - the results may be
+highly unexpected!
+
+The following numbers are derived from the sRGB standard and the research
+behind it.  sRGB is defined to be approximated by a PNG gAMA chunk value of
+0.45455 (1/2.2) for PNG.  The value implicitly includes any viewing
+correction required to take account of any differences in the color
+environment of the original scene and the intended display environment; the
+value expresses how to *decode* the image for display, not how the original
+data was *encoded*.
+
+sRGB provides a peg for the PNG standard by defining a viewing environment.
+sRGB itself, and earlier TV standards, actually use a more complex transform
+(a linear portion then a gamma 2.4 power law) than PNG can express.  (PNG is
+limited to simple power laws.)  By saying that an image for direct display on
+an sRGB conformant system should be stored with a gAMA chunk value of 45455
+(11.3.3.2 and 11.3.3.5 of the ISO PNG specification) the PNG specification
+makes it possible to derive values for other display systems and
+environments.
+
+The Mac value is deduced from the sRGB based on an assumption that the actual
+extra viewing correction used in early Mac display systems was implemented as
+a power 1.45 lookup table.
+
+Any system where a programmable lookup table is used or where the behavior of
+the final display device characteristics can be changed requires system
+specific code to obtain the current characteristic.  However this can be
+difficult and most PNG gamma correction only requires an approximate value.
+
+By default, if png_set_alpha_mode() is not called, libpng assumes that all
+values are unencoded, linear, values and that the output device also has a
+linear characteristic.  This is only very rarely correct - it is invariably
+better to call png_set_alpha_mode() with PNG_DEFAULT_sRGB than rely on the
+default if you don't know what the right answer is!
+
+The special value PNG_GAMMA_MAC_18 indicates an older Mac system (pre Mac OS
+10.6) which used a correction table to implement a somewhat lower gamma on an
+otherwise sRGB system.
+
+Both these values are reserved (not simple gamma values) in order to allow
+more precise correction internally in the future.
+
+NOTE: the values can be passed to either the fixed or floating
+point APIs, but the floating point API will also accept floating point
+values.
+
+The second thing you may need to tell libpng about is how your system handles
+alpha channel information.  Some, but not all, PNG files contain an alpha
+channel.  To display these files correctly you need to compose the data onto a
+suitable background, as described in the PNG specification.
+
+Libpng only supports composing onto a single color (using png_set_background;
+see below).  Otherwise you must do the composition yourself and, in this case,
+you may need to call png_set_alpha_mode:
+
+   #if PNG_LIBPNG_VER >= 10504
+      png_set_alpha_mode(png_ptr, mode, screen_gamma);
+   #else
+      png_set_gamma(png_ptr, screen_gamma, 1.0/screen_gamma);
+   #endif
+
+The screen_gamma value is the same as the argument to png_set_gamma; however,
+how it affects the output depends on the mode.  png_set_alpha_mode() sets the
+file gamma default to 1/screen_gamma, so normally you don't need to call
+png_set_gamma.  If you need different defaults call png_set_gamma() before
+png_set_alpha_mode() - if you call it after it will override the settings made
+by png_set_alpha_mode().
+
+The mode is as follows:
+
+    PNG_ALPHA_PNG: The data is encoded according to the PNG
+specification.  Red, green and blue, or gray, components are
+gamma encoded color values and are not premultiplied by the
+alpha value.  The alpha value is a linear measure of the
+contribution of the pixel to the corresponding final output pixel.
+
+You should normally use this format if you intend to perform
+color correction on the color values; most, maybe all, color
+correction software has no handling for the alpha channel and,
+anyway, the math to handle pre-multiplied component values is
+unnecessarily complex.
+
+Before you do any arithmetic on the component values you need
+to remove the gamma encoding and multiply out the alpha
+channel.  See the PNG specification for more detail.  It is
+important to note that when an image with an alpha channel is
+scaled, linear encoded, pre-multiplied component values must
+be used!
+
+The remaining modes assume you don't need to do any further color correction or
+that if you do, your color correction software knows all about alpha (it
+probably doesn't!).  They 'associate' the alpha with the color information by
+storing color channel values that have been scaled by the alpha.  The
+advantage is that the color channels can be resampled (the image can be
+scaled) in this form.  The disadvantage is that normal practice is to store
+linear, not (gamma) encoded, values and this requires 16-bit channels for
+still images rather than the 8-bit channels that are just about sufficient if
+gamma encoding is used.  In addition all non-transparent pixel values,
+including completely opaque ones, must be gamma encoded to produce the final
+image.  These are the 'STANDARD', 'ASSOCIATED' or 'PREMULTIPLIED' modes
+described below (the latter being the two common names for associated alpha
+color channels). Note that PNG files always contain non-associated color
+channels; png_set_alpha_mode() with one of the modes causes the decoder to
+convert the pixels to an associated form before returning them to your
+application. 
+
+Since it is not necessary to perform arithmetic on opaque color values so
+long as they are not to be resampled and are in the final color space it is
+possible to optimize the handling of alpha by storing the opaque pixels in
+the PNG format (adjusted for the output color space) while storing partially
+opaque pixels in the standard, linear, format.  The accuracy required for
+standard alpha composition is relatively low, because the pixels are
+isolated, therefore typically the accuracy loss in storing 8-bit linear
+values is acceptable.  (This is not true if the alpha channel is used to
+simulate transparency over large areas - use 16 bits or the PNG mode in
+this case!)  This is the 'OPTIMIZED' mode.  For this mode a pixel is
+treated as opaque only if the alpha value is equal to the maximum value.
+
+    PNG_ALPHA_STANDARD:  The data libpng produces is encoded in the
+standard way assumed by most correctly written graphics software.
+The gamma encoding will be removed by libpng and the
+linear component values will be pre-multiplied by the
+alpha channel.
+
+With this format the final image must be re-encoded to
+match the display gamma before the image is displayed.
+If your system doesn't do that, yet still seems to
+perform arithmetic on the pixels without decoding them,
+it is broken - check out the modes below.
+
+With PNG_ALPHA_STANDARD libpng always produces linear
+component values, whatever screen_gamma you supply.  The
+screen_gamma value is, however, used as a default for
+the file gamma if the PNG file has no gamma information.
+
+If you call png_set_gamma() after png_set_alpha_mode() you
+will override the linear encoding.  Instead the
+pre-multiplied pixel values will be gamma encoded but
+the alpha channel will still be linear.  This may
+actually match the requirements of some broken software,
+but it is unlikely.
+
+While linear 8-bit data is often used it has
+insufficient precision for any image with a reasonable
+dynamic range.  To avoid problems, and if your software
+supports it, use png_set_expand_16() to force all
+components to 16 bits.
+
+    PNG_ALPHA_OPTIMIZED: This mode is the same as PNG_ALPHA_STANDARD
+except that completely opaque pixels are gamma encoded according to
+the screen_gamma value.  Pixels with alpha less than 1.0
+will still have linear components.
+
+Use this format if you have control over your
+compositing software and so don't do other arithmetic
+(such as scaling) on the data you get from libpng.  Your
+compositing software can simply copy opaque pixels to
+the output but still has linear values for the
+non-opaque pixels.
+
+In normal compositing, where the alpha channel encodes
+partial pixel coverage (as opposed to broad area
+translucency), the inaccuracies of the 8-bit
+representation of non-opaque pixels are irrelevant.
+
+You can also try this format if your software is broken;
+it might look better.
+
+    PNG_ALPHA_BROKEN: This is PNG_ALPHA_STANDARD; however, all component
+values, including the alpha channel are gamma encoded.  This is
+broken because, in practice, no implementation that uses this choice
+correctly undoes the encoding before handling alpha composition.  Use this
+choice only if other serious errors in the software or hardware you use
+mandate it.  In most cases of broken software or hardware the bug in the
+final display manifests as a subtle halo around composited parts of the
+image.  You may not even perceive this as a halo; the composited part of
+the image may simply appear separate from the background, as though it had
+been cut out of paper and pasted on afterward.
+
+If you don't have to deal with bugs in software or hardware, or if you can fix
+them, there are three recommended ways of using png_set_alpha_mode():
+
+   png_set_alpha_mode(png_ptr, PNG_ALPHA_PNG,
+       screen_gamma);
+
+You can do color correction on the result (libpng does not currently
+support color correction internally).  When you handle the alpha channel
+you need to undo the gamma encoding and multiply out the alpha.
+
+   png_set_alpha_mode(png_ptr, PNG_ALPHA_STANDARD,
+       screen_gamma);
+   png_set_expand_16(png_ptr);
+
+If you are using the high level interface, don't call png_set_expand_16();
+instead pass PNG_TRANSFORM_EXPAND_16 to the interface.
+
+With this mode you can't do color correction, but you can do arithmetic,
+including composition and scaling, on the data without further processing.
+
+   png_set_alpha_mode(png_ptr, PNG_ALPHA_OPTIMIZED,
+       screen_gamma);
+
+You can avoid the expansion to 16-bit components with this mode, but you
+lose the ability to scale the image or perform other linear arithmetic.
+All you can do is compose the result onto a matching output.  Since this
+mode is libpng-specific you also need to write your own composition
+software.
+
+The following are examples of calls to png_set_alpha_mode to achieve the
+required overall gamma correction and, where necessary, alpha
+premultiplication.
+
+    png_set_alpha_mode(pp, PNG_ALPHA_PNG, PNG_DEFAULT_sRGB);
+
+Choices for the alpha_mode are
+
+    PNG_ALPHA_PNG           0 /* according to the PNG standard */
+    PNG_ALPHA_STANDARD      1 /* according to Porter/Duff */
+    PNG_ALPHA_ASSOCIATED    1 /* as above; this is the normal practice */
+    PNG_ALPHA_PREMULTIPLIED 1 /* as above */
+    PNG_ALPHA_OPTIMIZED     2 /* 'PNG' for opaque pixels, else 'STANDARD' */
+    PNG_ALPHA_BROKEN        3 /* the alpha channel is gamma encoded */
+
+PNG_ALPHA_PNG is the default libpng handling of the alpha channel. It is not
+pre-multiplied into the color components. In addition the call states
+that the output is for a sRGB system and causes all PNG files without gAMA
+chunks to be assumed to be encoded using sRGB.
+
+    png_set_alpha_mode(pp, PNG_ALPHA_PNG, PNG_GAMMA_MAC);
+
+In this case the output is assumed to be something like an sRGB conformant
+display preceded by a power-law lookup table of power 1.45.  This is how
+early Mac systems behaved.
+
+    png_set_alpha_mode(pp, PNG_ALPHA_STANDARD, PNG_GAMMA_LINEAR);
+
+This is the classic Jim Blinn approach and will work in academic
+environments where everything is done by the book.  It has the shortcoming
+of assuming that input PNG data with no gamma information is linear - this
+is unlikely to be correct unless the PNG files were generated locally.
+Most of the time the output precision will be so low as to show
+significant banding in dark areas of the image.
+
+    png_set_expand_16(pp);
+    png_set_alpha_mode(pp, PNG_ALPHA_STANDARD, PNG_DEFAULT_sRGB);
+
+This is a somewhat more realistic Jim Blinn inspired approach.  PNG files
+are assumed to have the sRGB encoding if not marked with a gamma value and
+the output is always 16 bits per component.  This permits accurate scaling
+and processing of the data.  If you know that your input PNG files were
+generated locally you might need to replace PNG_DEFAULT_sRGB with the
+correct value for your system.
+
+    png_set_alpha_mode(pp, PNG_ALPHA_OPTIMIZED, PNG_DEFAULT_sRGB);
+
+If you just need to composite the PNG image onto an existing background
+and if you control the code that does this you can use the optimization
+setting.  In this case you just copy completely opaque pixels to the
+output.  For pixels that are not completely transparent (you just skip
+those) you do the composition math using png_composite or png_composite_16
+below then encode the resultant 8-bit or 16-bit values to match the output
+encoding.
+
+    Other cases
+
+If neither the PNG nor the standard linear encoding work for you because
+of the software or hardware you use then you have a big problem.  The PNG
+case will probably result in halos around the image.  The linear encoding
+will probably result in a washed out, too bright, image (it's actually too
+contrasty.)  Try the ALPHA_OPTIMIZED mode above - this will probably
+substantially reduce the halos.  Alternatively try:
+
+    png_set_alpha_mode(pp, PNG_ALPHA_BROKEN, PNG_DEFAULT_sRGB);
+
+This option will also reduce the halos, but there will be slight dark
+halos round the opaque parts of the image where the background is light.
+In the OPTIMIZED mode the halos will be light halos where the background
+is dark.  Take your pick - the halos are unavoidable unless you can get
+your hardware/software fixed!  (The OPTIMIZED approach is slightly
+faster.)
+
+When the default gamma of PNG files doesn't match the output gamma.
+If you have PNG files with no gamma information png_set_alpha_mode allows
+you to provide a default gamma, but it also sets the output gamma to the
+matching value.  If you know your PNG files have a gamma that doesn't
+match the output you can take advantage of the fact that
+png_set_alpha_mode always sets the output gamma but only sets the PNG
+default if it is not already set:
+
+    png_set_alpha_mode(pp, PNG_ALPHA_PNG, PNG_DEFAULT_sRGB);
+    png_set_alpha_mode(pp, PNG_ALPHA_PNG, PNG_GAMMA_MAC);
+
+The first call sets both the default and the output gamma values, the
+second call overrides the output gamma without changing the default.  This
+is easier than achieving the same effect with png_set_gamma.  You must use
+PNG_ALPHA_PNG for the first call - internal checking in png_set_alpha will
+fire if more than one call to png_set_alpha_mode and png_set_background is
+made in the same read operation, however multiple calls with PNG_ALPHA_PNG
+are ignored.
+
+If you don't need, or can't handle, the alpha channel you can call
+png_set_background() to remove it by compositing against a fixed color.  Don't
+call png_set_strip_alpha() to do this - it will leave spurious pixel values in
+transparent parts of this image.
+
+   png_set_background(png_ptr, &background_color,
+       PNG_BACKGROUND_GAMMA_SCREEN, 0, 1);
+
+The background_color is an RGB or grayscale value according to the data format
+libpng will produce for you.  Because you don't yet know the format of the PNG
+file, if you call png_set_background at this point you must arrange for the
+format produced by libpng to always have 8-bit or 16-bit components and then
+store the color as an 8-bit or 16-bit color as appropriate.  The color contains
+separate gray and RGB component values, so you can let libpng produce gray or
+RGB output according to the input format, but low bit depth grayscale images
+must always be converted to at least 8-bit format.  (Even though low bit depth
+grayscale images can't have an alpha channel they can have a transparent
+color!)
+
+You set the transforms you need later, either as flags to the high level
+interface or libpng API calls for the low level interface.  For reference the
+settings and API calls required are:
+
+8-bit values:
+   PNG_TRANSFORM_SCALE_16 | PNG_EXPAND
+   png_set_expand(png_ptr); png_set_scale_16(png_ptr);
+
+   If you must get exactly the same inaccurate results
+   produced by default in versions prior to libpng-1.5.4,
+   use PNG_TRANSFORM_STRIP_16 and png_set_strip_16(png_ptr)
+   instead.
+
+16-bit values:
+   PNG_TRANSFORM_EXPAND_16
+   png_set_expand_16(png_ptr);
+
+In either case palette image data will be expanded to RGB.  If you just want
+color data you can add PNG_TRANSFORM_GRAY_TO_RGB or png_set_gray_to_rgb(png_ptr)
+to the list.
+
+Calling png_set_background before the PNG file header is read will not work
+prior to libpng-1.5.4.  Because the failure may result in unexpected warnings or
+errors it is therefore much safer to call png_set_background after the head has
+been read.  Unfortunately this means that prior to libpng-1.5.4 it cannot be
+used with the high level interface.
+
+The high-level read interface
+
+At this point there are two ways to proceed; through the high-level
+read interface, or through a sequence of low-level read operations.
+You can use the high-level interface if (a) you are willing to read
+the entire image into memory, and (b) the input transformations
+you want to do are limited to the following set:
+
+    PNG_TRANSFORM_IDENTITY      No transformation
+    PNG_TRANSFORM_SCALE_16      Strip 16-bit samples to
+                                8-bit accurately
+    PNG_TRANSFORM_STRIP_16      Chop 16-bit samples to
+                                8-bit less accurately
+    PNG_TRANSFORM_STRIP_ALPHA   Discard the alpha channel
+    PNG_TRANSFORM_PACKING       Expand 1, 2 and 4-bit
+                                samples to bytes
+    PNG_TRANSFORM_PACKSWAP      Change order of packed
+                                pixels to LSB first
+    PNG_TRANSFORM_EXPAND        Perform set_expand()
+    PNG_TRANSFORM_INVERT_MONO   Invert monochrome images
+    PNG_TRANSFORM_SHIFT         Normalize pixels to the
+                                sBIT depth
+    PNG_TRANSFORM_BGR           Flip RGB to BGR, RGBA
+                                to BGRA
+    PNG_TRANSFORM_SWAP_ALPHA    Flip RGBA to ARGB or GA
+                                to AG
+    PNG_TRANSFORM_INVERT_ALPHA  Change alpha from opacity
+                                to transparency
+    PNG_TRANSFORM_SWAP_ENDIAN   Byte-swap 16-bit samples
+    PNG_TRANSFORM_GRAY_TO_RGB   Expand grayscale samples
+                                to RGB (or GA to RGBA)
+    PNG_TRANSFORM_EXPAND_16     Expand samples to 16 bits
+
+(This excludes setting a background color, doing gamma transformation,
+quantizing, and setting filler.)  If this is the case, simply do this:
+
+    png_read_png(png_ptr, info_ptr, png_transforms, NULL)
+
+where png_transforms is an integer containing the bitwise OR of some
+set of transformation flags.  This call is equivalent to png_read_info(),
+followed the set of transformations indicated by the transform mask,
+then png_read_image(), and finally png_read_end().
+
+(The final parameter of this call is not yet used.  Someday it might point
+to transformation parameters required by some future input transform.)
+
+You must use png_transforms and not call any png_set_transform() functions
+when you use png_read_png().
+
+After you have called png_read_png(), you can retrieve the image data
+with
+
+   row_pointers = png_get_rows(png_ptr, info_ptr);
+
+where row_pointers is an array of pointers to the pixel data for each row:
+
+   png_bytep row_pointers[height];
+
+If you know your image size and pixel size ahead of time, you can allocate
+row_pointers prior to calling png_read_png() with
+
+   if (height > PNG_UINT_32_MAX/(sizeof (png_byte)))
+      png_error (png_ptr,
+          "Image is too tall to process in memory");
+
+   if (width > PNG_UINT_32_MAX/pixel_size)
+      png_error (png_ptr,
+          "Image is too wide to process in memory");
+
+   row_pointers = png_malloc(png_ptr,
+       height*(sizeof (png_bytep)));
+
+   for (int i=0; i<height, i++)
+      row_pointers[i]=NULL;  /* security precaution */
+
+   for (int i=0; i<height, i++)
+      row_pointers[i]=png_malloc(png_ptr,
+          width*pixel_size);
+
+   png_set_rows(png_ptr, info_ptr, &row_pointers);
+
+Alternatively you could allocate your image in one big block and define
+row_pointers[i] to point into the proper places in your block, but first
+be sure that your platform is able to allocate such a large buffer:
+
+   /* Guard against integer overflow */
+   if (height > PNG_SIZE_MAX/(width*pixel_size)) {
+        png_error(png_ptr,"image_data buffer would be too large");
+   }
+
+   png_bytep buffer=png_malloc(png_ptr,height*width*pixel_size);
+
+   for (int i=0; i<height, i++)
+      row_pointers[i]=buffer+i*width*pixel_size;
+
+   png_set_rows(png_ptr, info_ptr, &row_pointers);
+
+If you use png_set_rows(), the application is responsible for freeing
+row_pointers (and row_pointers[i], if they were separately allocated).
+
+If you don't allocate row_pointers ahead of time, png_read_png() will
+do it, and it'll be free'ed by libpng when you call png_destroy_*().
+
+The low-level read interface
+
+If you are going the low-level route, you are now ready to read all
+the file information up to the actual image data.  You do this with a
+call to png_read_info().
+
+    png_read_info(png_ptr, info_ptr);
+
+This will process all chunks up to but not including the image data.
+
+This also copies some of the data from the PNG file into the decode structure
+for use in later transformations.  Important information copied in is:
+
+1) The PNG file gamma from the gAMA chunk.  This overwrites the default value
+provided by an earlier call to png_set_gamma or png_set_alpha_mode.
+
+2) Prior to libpng-1.5.4 the background color from a bKGd chunk.  This
+damages the information provided by an earlier call to png_set_background
+resulting in unexpected behavior.  Libpng-1.5.4 no longer does this.
+
+3) The number of significant bits in each component value.  Libpng uses this to
+optimize gamma handling by reducing the internal lookup table sizes.
+
+4) The transparent color information from a tRNS chunk.  This can be modified by
+a later call to png_set_tRNS.
+
+Querying the info structure
+
+Functions are used to get the information from the info_ptr once it
+has been read.  Note that these fields may not be completely filled
+in until png_read_end() has read the chunk data following the image.
+
+    png_get_IHDR(png_ptr, info_ptr, &width, &height,
+       &bit_depth, &color_type, &interlace_type,
+       &compression_type, &filter_method);
+
+    width          - holds the width of the image
+                     in pixels (up to 2^31).
+
+    height         - holds the height of the image
+                     in pixels (up to 2^31).
+
+    bit_depth      - holds the bit depth of one of the
+                     image channels.  (valid values are
+                     1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and depend also on
+                     the color_type.  See also
+                     significant bits (sBIT) below).
+
+    color_type     - describes which color/alpha channels
+                         are present.
+                     PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY
+                        (bit depths 1, 2, 4, 8, 16)
+                     PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY_ALPHA
+                        (bit depths 8, 16)
+                     PNG_COLOR_TYPE_PALETTE
+                        (bit depths 1, 2, 4, 8)
+                     PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB
+                        (bit_depths 8, 16)
+                     PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB_ALPHA
+                        (bit_depths 8, 16)
+
+                     PNG_COLOR_MASK_PALETTE
+                     PNG_COLOR_MASK_COLOR
+                     PNG_COLOR_MASK_ALPHA
+
+    interlace_type - (PNG_INTERLACE_NONE or
+                     PNG_INTERLACE_ADAM7)
+
+    compression_type - (must be PNG_COMPRESSION_TYPE_BASE
+                     for PNG 1.0)
+
+    filter_method  - (must be PNG_FILTER_TYPE_BASE
+                     for PNG 1.0, and can also be
+                     PNG_INTRAPIXEL_DIFFERENCING if
+                     the PNG datastream is embedded in
+                     a MNG-1.0 datastream)
+
+    Any of width, height, color_type, bit_depth,
+    interlace_type, compression_type, or filter_method can
+    be NULL if you are not interested in their values.
+
+    Note that png_get_IHDR() returns 32-bit data into
+    the application's width and height variables.
+    This is an unsafe situation if these are not png_uint_32
+    variables.  In such situations, the
+    png_get_image_width() and png_get_image_height()
+    functions described below are safer.
+
+    width            = png_get_image_width(png_ptr,
+                         info_ptr);
+
+    height           = png_get_image_height(png_ptr,
+                         info_ptr);
+
+    bit_depth        = png_get_bit_depth(png_ptr,
+                         info_ptr);
+
+    color_type       = png_get_color_type(png_ptr,
+                         info_ptr);
+
+    interlace_type   = png_get_interlace_type(png_ptr,
+                         info_ptr);
+
+    compression_type = png_get_compression_type(png_ptr,
+                         info_ptr);
+
+    filter_method    = png_get_filter_type(png_ptr,
+                         info_ptr);
+
+    channels = png_get_channels(png_ptr, info_ptr);
+
+    channels       - number of channels of info for the
+                     color type (valid values are 1 (GRAY,
+                     PALETTE), 2 (GRAY_ALPHA), 3 (RGB),
+                     4 (RGB_ALPHA or RGB + filler byte))
+
+    rowbytes = png_get_rowbytes(png_ptr, info_ptr);
+
+    rowbytes       - number of bytes needed to hold a row
+                     This value, the bit_depth, color_type,
+                     and the number of channels can change
+                     if you use transforms such as
+                     png_set_expand(). See
+                     png_read_update_info(), below.
+
+    signature = png_get_signature(png_ptr, info_ptr);
+
+    signature      - holds the signature read from the
+                     file (if any).  The data is kept in
+                     the same offset it would be if the
+                     whole signature were read (i.e. if an
+                     application had already read in 4
+                     bytes of signature before starting
+                     libpng, the remaining 4 bytes would
+                     be in signature[4] through signature[7]
+                     (see png_set_sig_bytes())).
+
+These are also important, but their validity depends on whether the chunk
+has been read.  The png_get_valid(png_ptr, info_ptr, PNG_INFO_<chunk>) and
+png_get_<chunk>(png_ptr, info_ptr, ...) functions return non-zero if the
+data has been read, or zero if it is missing.  The parameters to the
+png_get_<chunk> are set directly if they are simple data types, or a
+pointer into the info_ptr is returned for any complex types.
+
+The colorspace data from gAMA, cHRM, sRGB, iCCP, and sBIT chunks
+is simply returned to give the application information about how the
+image was encoded.  Libpng itself only does transformations using the file
+gamma when combining semitransparent pixels with the background color, and,
+since libpng-1.6.0, when converting between 8-bit sRGB and 16-bit linear pixels
+within the simplified API.  Libpng also uses the file gamma when converting
+RGB to gray, beginning with libpng-1.0.5, if the application calls
+png_set_rgb_to_gray()).
+
+    png_get_PLTE(png_ptr, info_ptr, &palette,
+                     &num_palette);
+
+    palette        - the palette for the file
+                     (array of png_color)
+
+    num_palette    - number of entries in the palette
+
+    png_get_gAMA(png_ptr, info_ptr, &file_gamma);
+    png_get_gAMA_fixed(png_ptr, info_ptr, &int_file_gamma);
+
+    file_gamma     - the gamma at which the file is
+                     written (PNG_INFO_gAMA)
+
+    int_file_gamma - 100,000 times the gamma at which the
+                     file is written
+
+    png_get_cHRM(png_ptr, info_ptr,  &white_x, &white_y, &red_x,
+                     &red_y, &green_x, &green_y, &blue_x, &blue_y)
+    png_get_cHRM_XYZ(png_ptr, info_ptr, &red_X, &red_Y, &red_Z,
+                     &green_X, &green_Y, &green_Z, &blue_X, &blue_Y,
+                     &blue_Z)
+    png_get_cHRM_fixed(png_ptr, info_ptr, &int_white_x,
+                     &int_white_y, &int_red_x, &int_red_y,
+                     &int_green_x, &int_green_y, &int_blue_x,
+                     &int_blue_y)
+    png_get_cHRM_XYZ_fixed(png_ptr, info_ptr, &int_red_X, &int_red_Y,
+                     &int_red_Z, &int_green_X, &int_green_Y,
+                     &int_green_Z, &int_blue_X, &int_blue_Y,
+                     &int_blue_Z)
+
+    {white,red,green,blue}_{x,y}
+                     A color space encoding specified using the
+                     chromaticities of the end points and the
+                     white point. (PNG_INFO_cHRM)
+
+    {red,green,blue}_{X,Y,Z}
+                     A color space encoding specified using the
+                     encoding end points - the CIE tristimulus
+                     specification of the intended color of the red,
+                     green and blue channels in the PNG RGB data.
+                     The white point is simply the sum of the three
+                     end points. (PNG_INFO_cHRM)
+
+    png_get_sRGB(png_ptr, info_ptr, &srgb_intent);
+
+    srgb_intent -    the rendering intent (PNG_INFO_sRGB)
+                     The presence of the sRGB chunk
+                     means that the pixel data is in the
+                     sRGB color space.  This chunk also
+                     implies specific values of gAMA and
+                     cHRM.
+
+    png_get_iCCP(png_ptr, info_ptr, &name,
+       &compression_type, &profile, &proflen);
+
+    name             - The profile name.
+
+    compression_type - The compression type; always
+                       PNG_COMPRESSION_TYPE_BASE for PNG 1.0.
+                       You may give NULL to this argument to
+                       ignore it.
+
+    profile          - International Color Consortium color
+                       profile data. May contain NULs.
+
+    proflen          - length of profile data in bytes.
+
+    png_get_sBIT(png_ptr, info_ptr, &sig_bit);
+
+    sig_bit        - the number of significant bits for
+                     (PNG_INFO_sBIT) each of the gray,
+                     red, green, and blue channels,
+                     whichever are appropriate for the
+                     given color type (png_color_16)
+
+    png_get_tRNS(png_ptr, info_ptr, &trans_alpha,
+                     &num_trans, &trans_color);
+
+    trans_alpha    - array of alpha (transparency)
+                     entries for palette (PNG_INFO_tRNS)
+
+    num_trans      - number of transparent entries
+                     (PNG_INFO_tRNS)
+
+    trans_color    - graylevel or color sample values of
+                     the single transparent color for
+                     non-paletted images (PNG_INFO_tRNS)
+
+    png_get_eXIf_1(png_ptr, info_ptr, &num_exif, &exif);
+                     (PNG_INFO_eXIf)
+
+    exif           - Exif profile (array of png_byte)
+
+    png_get_hIST(png_ptr, info_ptr, &hist);
+                     (PNG_INFO_hIST)
+
+    hist           - histogram of palette (array of
+                     png_uint_16)
+
+    png_get_tIME(png_ptr, info_ptr, &mod_time);
+
+    mod_time       - time image was last modified
+                    (PNG_VALID_tIME)
+
+    png_get_bKGD(png_ptr, info_ptr, &background);
+
+    background     - background color (of type
+                     png_color_16p) (PNG_VALID_bKGD)
+                     valid 16-bit red, green and blue
+                     values, regardless of color_type
+
+    num_comments   = png_get_text(png_ptr, info_ptr,
+                     &text_ptr, &num_text);
+
+    num_comments   - number of comments
+
+    text_ptr       - array of png_text holding image
+                     comments
+
+    text_ptr[i].compression - type of compression used
+                 on "text" PNG_TEXT_COMPRESSION_NONE
+                           PNG_TEXT_COMPRESSION_zTXt
+                           PNG_ITXT_COMPRESSION_NONE
+                           PNG_ITXT_COMPRESSION_zTXt
+
+    text_ptr[i].key   - keyword for comment.  Must contain
+                         1-79 characters.
+
+    text_ptr[i].text  - text comments for current
+                         keyword.  Can be empty.
+
+    text_ptr[i].text_length - length of text string,
+                 after decompression, 0 for iTXt
+
+    text_ptr[i].itxt_length - length of itxt string,
+                 after decompression, 0 for tEXt/zTXt
+
+    text_ptr[i].lang  - language of comment (empty
+                         string for unknown).
+
+    text_ptr[i].lang_key  - keyword in UTF-8
+                         (empty string for unknown).
+
+    Note that the itxt_length, lang, and lang_key
+    members of the text_ptr structure only exist when the
+    library is built with iTXt chunk support.  Prior to
+    libpng-1.4.0 the library was built by default without
+    iTXt support. Also note that when iTXt is supported,
+    they contain NULL pointers when the "compression"
+    field contains PNG_TEXT_COMPRESSION_NONE or
+    PNG_TEXT_COMPRESSION_zTXt.
+
+    num_text       - number of comments (same as
+                     num_comments; you can put NULL here
+                     to avoid the duplication)
+
+    Note while png_set_text() will accept text, language,
+    and translated keywords that can be NULL pointers, the
+    structure returned by png_get_text will always contain
+    regular zero-terminated C strings.  They might be
+    empty strings but they will never be NULL pointers.
+
+    num_spalettes = png_get_sPLT(png_ptr, info_ptr,
+       &palette_ptr);
+
+    num_spalettes  - number of sPLT chunks read.
+
+    palette_ptr    - array of palette structures holding
+                     contents of one or more sPLT chunks
+                     read.
+
+    png_get_oFFs(png_ptr, info_ptr, &offset_x, &offset_y,
+       &unit_type);
+
+    offset_x       - positive offset from the left edge
+                     of the screen (can be negative)
+
+    offset_y       - positive offset from the top edge
+                     of the screen (can be negative)
+
+    unit_type      - PNG_OFFSET_PIXEL, PNG_OFFSET_MICROMETER
+
+    png_get_pHYs(png_ptr, info_ptr, &res_x, &res_y,
+       &unit_type);
+
+    res_x          - pixels/unit physical resolution in
+                     x direction
+
+    res_y          - pixels/unit physical resolution in
+                     x direction
+
+    unit_type      - PNG_RESOLUTION_UNKNOWN,
+                     PNG_RESOLUTION_METER
+
+    png_get_sCAL(png_ptr, info_ptr, &unit, &width,
+       &height)
+
+    unit        - physical scale units (an integer)
+
+    width       - width of a pixel in physical scale units
+
+    height      - height of a pixel in physical scale units
+                 (width and height are doubles)
+
+    png_get_sCAL_s(png_ptr, info_ptr, &unit, &width,
+       &height)
+
+    unit        - physical scale units (an integer)
+
+    width       - width of a pixel in physical scale units
+                  (expressed as a string)
+
+    height      - height of a pixel in physical scale units
+                 (width and height are strings like "2.54")
+
+    num_unknown_chunks = png_get_unknown_chunks(png_ptr,
+       info_ptr, &unknowns)
+
+    unknowns          - array of png_unknown_chunk
+                        structures holding unknown chunks
+
+    unknowns[i].name  - name of unknown chunk
+
+    unknowns[i].data  - data of unknown chunk
+
+    unknowns[i].size  - size of unknown chunk's data
+
+    unknowns[i].location - position of chunk in file
+
+    The value of "i" corresponds to the order in which the
+    chunks were read from the PNG file or inserted with the
+    png_set_unknown_chunks() function.
+
+    The value of "location" is a bitwise "or" of
+
+         PNG_HAVE_IHDR  (0x01)
+         PNG_HAVE_PLTE  (0x02)
+         PNG_AFTER_IDAT (0x08)
+
+The data from the pHYs chunk can be retrieved in several convenient
+forms:
+
+    res_x = png_get_x_pixels_per_meter(png_ptr,
+       info_ptr)
+
+    res_y = png_get_y_pixels_per_meter(png_ptr,
+       info_ptr)
+
+    res_x_and_y = png_get_pixels_per_meter(png_ptr,
+       info_ptr)
+
+    res_x = png_get_x_pixels_per_inch(png_ptr,
+       info_ptr)
+
+    res_y = png_get_y_pixels_per_inch(png_ptr,
+       info_ptr)
+
+    res_x_and_y = png_get_pixels_per_inch(png_ptr,
+       info_ptr)
+
+    aspect_ratio = png_get_pixel_aspect_ratio(png_ptr,
+       info_ptr)
+
+    Each of these returns 0 [signifying "unknown"] if
+       the data is not present or if res_x is 0;
+       res_x_and_y is 0 if res_x != res_y
+
+    Note that because of the way the resolutions are
+       stored internally, the inch conversions won't
+       come out to exactly even number.  For example,
+       72 dpi is stored as 0.28346 pixels/meter, and
+       when this is retrieved it is 71.9988 dpi, so
+       be sure to round the returned value appropriately
+       if you want to display a reasonable-looking result.
+
+The data from the oFFs chunk can be retrieved in several convenient
+forms:
+
+    x_offset = png_get_x_offset_microns(png_ptr, info_ptr);
+
+    y_offset = png_get_y_offset_microns(png_ptr, info_ptr);
+
+    x_offset = png_get_x_offset_inches(png_ptr, info_ptr);
+
+    y_offset = png_get_y_offset_inches(png_ptr, info_ptr);
+
+    Each of these returns 0 [signifying "unknown" if both
+       x and y are 0] if the data is not present or if the
+       chunk is present but the unit is the pixel.  The
+       remark about inexact inch conversions applies here
+       as well, because a value in inches can't always be
+       converted to microns and back without some loss
+       of precision.
+
+For more information, see the
+PNG specification for chunk contents.  Be careful with trusting
+rowbytes, as some of the transformations could increase the space
+needed to hold a row (expand, filler, gray_to_rgb, etc.).
+See png_read_update_info(), below.
+
+A quick word about text_ptr and num_text.  PNG stores comments in
+keyword/text pairs, one pair per chunk, with no limit on the number
+of text chunks, and a 2^31 byte limit on their size.  While there are
+suggested keywords, there is no requirement to restrict the use to these
+strings.  It is strongly suggested that keywords and text be sensible
+to humans (that's the point), so don't use abbreviations.  Non-printing
+symbols are not allowed.  See the PNG specification for more details.
+There is also no requirement to have text after the keyword.
+
+Keywords should be limited to 79 Latin-1 characters without leading or
+trailing spaces, but non-consecutive spaces are allowed within the
+keyword.  It is possible to have the same keyword any number of times.
+The text_ptr is an array of png_text structures, each holding a
+pointer to a language string, a pointer to a keyword and a pointer to
+a text string.  The text string, language code, and translated
+keyword may be empty or NULL pointers.  The keyword/text
+pairs are put into the array in the order that they are received.
+However, some or all of the text chunks may be after the image, so, to
+make sure you have read all the text chunks, don't mess with these
+until after you read the stuff after the image.  This will be
+mentioned again below in the discussion that goes with png_read_end().
+
+Input transformations
+
+After you've read the header information, you can set up the library
+to handle any special transformations of the image data.  The various
+ways to transform the data will be described in the order that they
+should occur.  This is important, as some of these change the color
+type and/or bit depth of the data, and some others only work on
+certain color types and bit depths.
+
+Transformations you request are ignored if they don't have any meaning for a
+particular input data format.  However some transformations can have an effect
+as a result of a previous transformation.  If you specify a contradictory set of
+transformations, for example both adding and removing the alpha channel, you
+cannot predict the final result.
+
+The color used for the transparency values should be supplied in the same
+format/depth as the current image data.  It is stored in the same format/depth
+as the image data in a tRNS chunk, so this is what libpng expects for this data.
+
+The color used for the background value depends on the need_expand argument as
+described below.
+
+Data will be decoded into the supplied row buffers packed into bytes
+unless the library has been told to transform it into another format.
+For example, 4 bit/pixel paletted or grayscale data will be returned
+2 pixels/byte with the leftmost pixel in the high-order bits of the byte,
+unless png_set_packing() is called.  8-bit RGB data will be stored
+in RGB RGB RGB format unless png_set_filler() or png_set_add_alpha()
+is called to insert filler bytes, either before or after each RGB triplet.
+
+16-bit RGB data will be returned RRGGBB RRGGBB, with the most significant
+byte of the color value first, unless png_set_scale_16() is called to
+transform it to regular RGB RGB triplets, or png_set_filler() or
+png_set_add alpha() is called to insert two filler bytes, either before
+or after each RRGGBB triplet.  Similarly, 8-bit or 16-bit grayscale data can
+be modified with png_set_filler(), png_set_add_alpha(), png_set_strip_16(),
+or png_set_scale_16().
+
+The following code transforms grayscale images of less than 8 to 8 bits,
+changes paletted images to RGB, and adds a full alpha channel if there is
+transparency information in a tRNS chunk.  This is most useful on
+grayscale images with bit depths of 2 or 4 or if there is a multiple-image
+viewing application that wishes to treat all images in the same way.
+
+    if (color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_PALETTE)
+        png_set_palette_to_rgb(png_ptr);
+
+    if (png_get_valid(png_ptr, info_ptr,
+        PNG_INFO_tRNS)) png_set_tRNS_to_alpha(png_ptr);
+
+    if (color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY &&
+        bit_depth < 8) png_set_expand_gray_1_2_4_to_8(png_ptr);
+
+The first two functions are actually aliases for png_set_expand(), added
+in libpng version 1.0.4, with the function names expanded to improve code
+readability.  In some future version they may actually do different
+things.
+
+As of libpng version 1.2.9, png_set_expand_gray_1_2_4_to_8() was
+added.  It expands the sample depth without changing tRNS to alpha.
+
+As of libpng version 1.5.2, png_set_expand_16() was added.  It behaves as
+png_set_expand(); however, the resultant channels have 16 bits rather than 8.
+Use this when the output color or gray channels are made linear to avoid fairly
+severe accuracy loss.
+
+   if (bit_depth < 16)
+      png_set_expand_16(png_ptr);
+
+PNG can have files with 16 bits per channel.  If you only can handle
+8 bits per channel, this will strip the pixels down to 8-bit.
+
+    if (bit_depth == 16)
+#if PNG_LIBPNG_VER >= 10504
+       png_set_scale_16(png_ptr);
+#else
+       png_set_strip_16(png_ptr);
+#endif
+
+(The more accurate "png_set_scale_16()" API became available in libpng version
+1.5.4).
+
+If you need to process the alpha channel on the image separately from the image
+data (for example if you convert it to a bitmap mask) it is possible to have
+libpng strip the channel leaving just RGB or gray data:
+
+    if (color_type & PNG_COLOR_MASK_ALPHA)
+       png_set_strip_alpha(png_ptr);
+
+If you strip the alpha channel you need to find some other way of dealing with
+the information.  If, instead, you want to convert the image to an opaque
+version with no alpha channel use png_set_background; see below.
+
+As of libpng version 1.5.2, almost all useful expansions are supported, the
+major ommissions are conversion of grayscale to indexed images (which can be
+done trivially in the application) and conversion of indexed to grayscale (which
+can be done by a trivial manipulation of the palette.)
+
+In the following table, the 01 means grayscale with depth<8, 31 means
+indexed with depth<8, other numerals represent the color type, "T" means
+the tRNS chunk is present, A means an alpha channel is present, and O
+means tRNS or alpha is present but all pixels in the image are opaque.
+
+  FROM  01  31   0  0T  0O   2  2T  2O   3  3T  3O  4A  4O  6A  6O
+   TO
+   01    -  [G]  -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -
+   31   [Q]  Q  [Q] [Q] [Q]  Q   Q   Q   Q   Q   Q  [Q] [Q]  Q   Q
+    0    1   G   +   .   .   G   G   G   G   G   G   B   B  GB  GB
+   0T    lt  Gt  t   +   .   Gt  G   G   Gt  G   G   Bt  Bt GBt GBt
+   0O    lt  Gt  t   .   +   Gt  Gt  G   Gt  Gt  G   Bt  Bt GBt GBt
+    2    C   P   C   C   C   +   .   .   C   -   -  CB  CB   B   B
+   2T    Ct  -   Ct  C   C   t   +   t   -   -   -  CBt CBt  Bt  Bt
+   2O    Ct  -   Ct  C   C   t   t   +   -   -   -  CBt CBt  Bt  Bt
+    3   [Q]  p  [Q] [Q] [Q]  Q   Q   Q   +   .   .  [Q] [Q]  Q   Q
+   3T   [Qt] p  [Qt][Q] [Q]  Qt  Qt  Qt  t   +   t  [Qt][Qt] Qt  Qt
+   3O   [Qt] p  [Qt][Q] [Q]  Qt  Qt  Qt  t   t   +  [Qt][Qt] Qt  Qt
+   4A    lA  G   A   T   T   GA  GT  GT  GA  GT  GT  +   BA  G  GBA
+   4O    lA GBA  A   T   T   GA  GT  GT  GA  GT  GT  BA  +  GBA  G
+   6A    CA  PA  CA  C   C   A   T  tT   PA  P   P   C  CBA  +   BA
+   6O    CA PBA  CA  C   C   A  tT   T   PA  P   P  CBA  C   BA  +
+
+Within the matrix,
+     "+" identifies entries where 'from' and 'to' are the same.
+     "-" means the transformation is not supported.
+     "." means nothing is necessary (a tRNS chunk can just be ignored).
+     "t" means the transformation is obtained by png_set_tRNS.
+     "A" means the transformation is obtained by png_set_add_alpha().
+     "X" means the transformation is obtained by png_set_expand().
+     "1" means the transformation is obtained by
+         png_set_expand_gray_1_2_4_to_8() (and by png_set_expand()
+         if there is no transparency in the original or the final
+         format).
+     "C" means the transformation is obtained by png_set_gray_to_rgb().
+     "G" means the transformation is obtained by png_set_rgb_to_gray().
+     "P" means the transformation is obtained by
+         png_set_expand_palette_to_rgb().
+     "p" means the transformation is obtained by png_set_packing().
+     "Q" means the transformation is obtained by png_set_quantize().
+     "T" means the transformation is obtained by
+         png_set_tRNS_to_alpha().
+     "B" means the transformation is obtained by
+         png_set_background(), or png_strip_alpha().
+
+When an entry has multiple transforms listed all are required to cause the
+right overall transformation.  When two transforms are separated by a comma
+either will do the job.  When transforms are enclosed in [] the transform should
+do the job but this is currently unimplemented - a different format will result
+if the suggested transformations are used.
+
+In PNG files, the alpha channel in an image
+is the level of opacity.  If you need the alpha channel in an image to
+be the level of transparency instead of opacity, you can invert the
+alpha channel (or the tRNS chunk data) after it's read, so that 0 is
+fully opaque and 255 (in 8-bit or paletted images) or 65535 (in 16-bit
+images) is fully transparent, with
+
+    png_set_invert_alpha(png_ptr);
+
+PNG files pack pixels of bit depths 1, 2, and 4 into bytes as small as
+they can, resulting in, for example, 8 pixels per byte for 1 bit
+files.  This code expands to 1 pixel per byte without changing the
+values of the pixels:
+
+    if (bit_depth < 8)
+       png_set_packing(png_ptr);
+
+PNG files have possible bit depths of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16.  All pixels
+stored in a PNG image have been "scaled" or "shifted" up to the next
+higher possible bit depth (e.g. from 5 bits/sample in the range [0,31]
+to 8 bits/sample in the range [0, 255]).  However, it is also possible
+to convert the PNG pixel data back to the original bit depth of the
+image.  This call reduces the pixels back down to the original bit depth:
+
+    png_color_8p sig_bit;
+
+    if (png_get_sBIT(png_ptr, info_ptr, &sig_bit))
+       png_set_shift(png_ptr, sig_bit);
+
+PNG files store 3-color pixels in red, green, blue order.  This code
+changes the storage of the pixels to blue, green, red:
+
+    if (color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB ||
+        color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB_ALPHA)
+       png_set_bgr(png_ptr);
+
+PNG files store RGB pixels packed into 3 or 6 bytes. This code expands them
+into 4 or 8 bytes for windowing systems that need them in this format:
+
+    if (color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB)
+       png_set_filler(png_ptr, filler, PNG_FILLER_BEFORE);
+
+where "filler" is the 8-bit or 16-bit number to fill with, and the location
+is either PNG_FILLER_BEFORE or PNG_FILLER_AFTER, depending upon whether
+you want the filler before the RGB or after. When filling an 8-bit pixel,
+the least significant 8 bits of the number are used, if a 16-bit number is
+supplied.  This transformation does not affect images that already have full
+alpha channels.  To add an opaque alpha channel, use filler=0xffff and
+PNG_FILLER_AFTER which will generate RGBA pixels.
+
+Note that png_set_filler() does not change the color type.  If you want
+to do that, you can add a true alpha channel with
+
+    if (color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB ||
+       color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY)
+       png_set_add_alpha(png_ptr, filler, PNG_FILLER_AFTER);
+
+where "filler" contains the alpha value to assign to each pixel.
+The png_set_add_alpha() function was added in libpng-1.2.7.
+
+If you are reading an image with an alpha channel, and you need the
+data as ARGB instead of the normal PNG format RGBA:
+
+    if (color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB_ALPHA)
+       png_set_swap_alpha(png_ptr);
+
+For some uses, you may want a grayscale image to be represented as
+RGB.  This code will do that conversion:
+
+    if (color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY ||
+        color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY_ALPHA)
+       png_set_gray_to_rgb(png_ptr);
+
+Conversely, you can convert an RGB or RGBA image to grayscale or grayscale
+with alpha.
+
+    if (color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB ||
+        color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB_ALPHA)
+       png_set_rgb_to_gray(png_ptr, error_action,
+          double red_weight, double green_weight);
+
+    error_action = 1: silently do the conversion
+
+    error_action = 2: issue a warning if the original
+                      image has any pixel where
+                      red != green or red != blue
+
+    error_action = 3: issue an error and abort the
+                      conversion if the original
+                      image has any pixel where
+                      red != green or red != blue
+
+    red_weight:       weight of red component
+
+    green_weight:     weight of green component
+                      If either weight is negative, default
+                      weights are used.
+
+In the corresponding fixed point API the red_weight and green_weight values are
+simply scaled by 100,000:
+
+    png_set_rgb_to_gray(png_ptr, error_action,
+       png_fixed_point red_weight,
+       png_fixed_point green_weight);
+
+If you have set error_action = 1 or 2, you can
+later check whether the image really was gray, after processing
+the image rows, with the png_get_rgb_to_gray_status(png_ptr) function.
+It will return a png_byte that is zero if the image was gray or
+1 if there were any non-gray pixels.  Background and sBIT data
+will be silently converted to grayscale, using the green channel
+data for sBIT, regardless of the error_action setting.
+
+The default values come from the PNG file cHRM chunk if present; otherwise, the
+defaults correspond to the ITU-R recommendation 709, and also the sRGB color
+space, as recommended in the Charles Poynton's Colour FAQ,
+Copyright (c) 2006-11-28 Charles Poynton, in section 9:
+
+<http://www.poynton.com/notes/colour_and_gamma/ColorFAQ.html#RTFToC9>
+
+    Y = 0.2126 * R + 0.7152 * G + 0.0722 * B
+
+Previous versions of this document, 1998 through 2002, recommended a slightly
+different formula:
+
+    Y = 0.212671 * R + 0.715160 * G + 0.072169 * B
+
+Libpng uses an integer approximation:
+
+    Y = (6968 * R + 23434 * G + 2366 * B)/32768
+
+The calculation is done in a linear colorspace, if the image gamma
+can be determined.
+
+The png_set_background() function has been described already; it tells libpng to
+composite images with alpha or simple transparency against the supplied
+background color.  For compatibility with versions of libpng earlier than
+libpng-1.5.4 it is recommended that you call the function after reading the file
+header, even if you don't want to use the color in a bKGD chunk, if one exists.
+
+If the PNG file contains a bKGD chunk (PNG_INFO_bKGD valid),
+you may use this color, or supply another color more suitable for
+the current display (e.g., the background color from a web page).  You
+need to tell libpng how the color is represented, both the format of the
+component values in the color (the number of bits) and the gamma encoding of the
+color.  The function takes two arguments, background_gamma_mode and need_expand
+to convey this information; however, only two combinations are likely to be
+useful:
+
+    png_color_16 my_background;
+    png_color_16p image_background;
+
+    if (png_get_bKGD(png_ptr, info_ptr, &image_background))
+       png_set_background(png_ptr, image_background,
+           PNG_BACKGROUND_GAMMA_FILE, 1/*needs to be expanded*/, 1);
+    else
+       png_set_background(png_ptr, &my_background,
+           PNG_BACKGROUND_GAMMA_SCREEN, 0/*do not expand*/, 1);
+
+The second call was described above - my_background is in the format of the
+final, display, output produced by libpng.  Because you now know the format of
+the PNG it is possible to avoid the need to choose either 8-bit or 16-bit
+output and to retain palette images (the palette colors will be modified
+appropriately and the tRNS chunk removed.)  However, if you are doing this,
+take great care not to ask for transformations without checking first that
+they apply!
+
+In the first call the background color has the original bit depth and color type
+of the PNG file.  So, for palette images the color is supplied as a palette
+index and for low bit greyscale images the color is a reduced bit value in
+image_background->gray.
+
+If you didn't call png_set_gamma() before reading the file header, for example
+if you need your code to remain compatible with older versions of libpng prior
+to libpng-1.5.4, this is the place to call it.
+
+Do not call it if you called png_set_alpha_mode(); doing so will damage the
+settings put in place by png_set_alpha_mode().  (If png_set_alpha_mode() is
+supported then you can certainly do png_set_gamma() before reading the PNG
+header.)
+
+This API unconditionally sets the screen and file gamma values, so it will
+override the value in the PNG file unless it is called before the PNG file
+reading starts.  For this reason you must always call it with the PNG file
+value when you call it in this position:
+
+   if (png_get_gAMA(png_ptr, info_ptr, &file_gamma))
+      png_set_gamma(png_ptr, screen_gamma, file_gamma);
+
+   else
+      png_set_gamma(png_ptr, screen_gamma, 0.45455);
+
+If you need to reduce an RGB file to a paletted file, or if a paletted
+file has more entries than will fit on your screen, png_set_quantize()
+will do that.  Note that this is a simple match quantization that merely
+finds the closest color available.  This should work fairly well with
+optimized palettes, but fairly badly with linear color cubes.  If you
+pass a palette that is larger than maximum_colors, the file will
+reduce the number of colors in the palette so it will fit into
+maximum_colors.  If there is a histogram, libpng will use it to make
+more intelligent choices when reducing the palette.  If there is no
+histogram, it may not do as good a job.
+
+   if (color_type & PNG_COLOR_MASK_COLOR)
+   {
+      if (png_get_valid(png_ptr, info_ptr,
+          PNG_INFO_PLTE))
+      {
+         png_uint_16p histogram = NULL;
+
+         png_get_hIST(png_ptr, info_ptr,
+             &histogram);
+         png_set_quantize(png_ptr, palette, num_palette,
+            max_screen_colors, histogram, 1);
+      }
+
+      else
+      {
+         png_color std_color_cube[MAX_SCREEN_COLORS] =
+            { ... colors ... };
+
+         png_set_quantize(png_ptr, std_color_cube,
+            MAX_SCREEN_COLORS, MAX_SCREEN_COLORS,
+            NULL,0);
+      }
+   }
+
+PNG files describe monochrome as black being zero and white being one.
+The following code will reverse this (make black be one and white be
+zero):
+
+   if (bit_depth == 1 && color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY)
+      png_set_invert_mono(png_ptr);
+
+This function can also be used to invert grayscale and gray-alpha images:
+
+   if (color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY ||
+       color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY_ALPHA)
+      png_set_invert_mono(png_ptr);
+
+PNG files store 16-bit pixels in network byte order (big-endian,
+ie. most significant bits first).  This code changes the storage to the
+other way (little-endian, i.e. least significant bits first, the
+way PCs store them):
+
+    if (bit_depth == 16)
+       png_set_swap(png_ptr);
+
+If you are using packed-pixel images (1, 2, or 4 bits/pixel), and you
+need to change the order the pixels are packed into bytes, you can use:
+
+    if (bit_depth < 8)
+       png_set_packswap(png_ptr);
+
+Finally, you can write your own transformation function if none of
+the existing ones meets your needs.  This is done by setting a callback
+with
+
+    png_set_read_user_transform_fn(png_ptr,
+        read_transform_fn);
+
+You must supply the function
+
+    void read_transform_fn(png_structp png_ptr, png_row_infop
+        row_info, png_bytep data)
+
+See pngtest.c for a working example.  Your function will be called
+after all of the other transformations have been processed.  Take care with
+interlaced images if you do the interlace yourself - the width of the row is the
+width in 'row_info', not the overall image width.
+
+If supported, libpng provides two information routines that you can use to find
+where you are in processing the image:
+
+   png_get_current_pass_number(png_structp png_ptr);
+   png_get_current_row_number(png_structp png_ptr);
+
+Don't try using these outside a transform callback - firstly they are only
+supported if user transforms are supported, secondly they may well return
+unexpected results unless the row is actually being processed at the moment they
+are called.
+
+With interlaced
+images the value returned is the row in the input sub-image image.  Use
+PNG_ROW_FROM_PASS_ROW(row, pass) and PNG_COL_FROM_PASS_COL(col, pass) to
+find the output pixel (x,y) given an interlaced sub-image pixel (row,col,pass).
+
+The discussion of interlace handling above contains more information on how to
+use these values.
+
+You can also set up a pointer to a user structure for use by your
+callback function, and you can inform libpng that your transform
+function will change the number of channels or bit depth with the
+function
+
+    png_set_user_transform_info(png_ptr, user_ptr,
+        user_depth, user_channels);
+
+The user's application, not libpng, is responsible for allocating and
+freeing any memory required for the user structure.
+
+You can retrieve the pointer via the function
+png_get_user_transform_ptr().  For example:
+
+    voidp read_user_transform_ptr =
+        png_get_user_transform_ptr(png_ptr);
+
+The last thing to handle is interlacing; this is covered in detail below,
+but you must call the function here if you want libpng to handle expansion
+of the interlaced image.
+
+    number_of_passes = png_set_interlace_handling(png_ptr);
+
+After setting the transformations, libpng can update your png_info
+structure to reflect any transformations you've requested with this
+call.
+
+    png_read_update_info(png_ptr, info_ptr);
+
+This is most useful to update the info structure's rowbytes
+field so you can use it to allocate your image memory.  This function
+will also update your palette with the correct screen_gamma and
+background if these have been given with the calls above.  You may
+only call png_read_update_info() once with a particular info_ptr.
+
+After you call png_read_update_info(), you can allocate any
+memory you need to hold the image.  The row data is simply
+raw byte data for all forms of images.  As the actual allocation
+varies among applications, no example will be given.  If you
+are allocating one large chunk, you will need to build an
+array of pointers to each row, as it will be needed for some
+of the functions below.
+
+Be sure that your platform can allocate the buffer that you'll need.
+libpng internally checks for oversize width, but you'll need to
+do your own check for number_of_rows*width*pixel_size if you are using
+a multiple-row buffer:
+
+   /* Guard against integer overflow */
+   if (number_of_rows > PNG_SIZE_MAX/(width*pixel_size)) {
+        png_error(png_ptr,"image_data buffer would be too large");
+   }
+
+Remember: Before you call png_read_update_info(), the png_get_*()
+functions return the values corresponding to the original PNG image.
+After you call png_read_update_info the values refer to the image
+that libpng will output.  Consequently you must call all the png_set_
+functions before you call png_read_update_info().  This is particularly
+important for png_set_interlace_handling() - if you are going to call
+png_read_update_info() you must call png_set_interlace_handling() before
+it unless you want to receive interlaced output.
+
+Reading image data
+
+After you've allocated memory, you can read the image data.
+The simplest way to do this is in one function call.  If you are
+allocating enough memory to hold the whole image, you can just
+call png_read_image() and libpng will read in all the image data
+and put it in the memory area supplied.  You will need to pass in
+an array of pointers to each row.
+
+This function automatically handles interlacing, so you don't
+need to call png_set_interlace_handling() (unless you call
+png_read_update_info()) or call this function multiple times, or any
+of that other stuff necessary with png_read_rows().
+
+   png_read_image(png_ptr, row_pointers);
+
+where row_pointers is:
+
+   png_bytep row_pointers[height];
+
+You can point to void or char or whatever you use for pixels.
+
+If you don't want to read in the whole image at once, you can
+use png_read_rows() instead.  If there is no interlacing (check
+interlace_type == PNG_INTERLACE_NONE), this is simple:
+
+    png_read_rows(png_ptr, row_pointers, NULL,
+        number_of_rows);
+
+where row_pointers is the same as in the png_read_image() call.
+
+If you are doing this just one row at a time, you can do this with
+a single row_pointer instead of an array of row_pointers:
+
+    png_bytep row_pointer = row;
+    png_read_row(png_ptr, row_pointer, NULL);
+
+If the file is interlaced (interlace_type != 0 in the IHDR chunk), things
+get somewhat harder.  The only current (PNG Specification version 1.2)
+interlacing type for PNG is (interlace_type == PNG_INTERLACE_ADAM7);
+a somewhat complicated 2D interlace scheme, known as Adam7, that
+breaks down an image into seven smaller images of varying size, based
+on an 8x8 grid.  This number is defined (from libpng 1.5) as
+PNG_INTERLACE_ADAM7_PASSES in png.h
+
+libpng can fill out those images or it can give them to you "as is".
+It is almost always better to have libpng handle the interlacing for you.
+If you want the images filled out, there are two ways to do that.  The one
+mentioned in the PNG specification is to expand each pixel to cover
+those pixels that have not been read yet (the "rectangle" method).
+This results in a blocky image for the first pass, which gradually
+smooths out as more pixels are read.  The other method is the "sparkle"
+method, where pixels are drawn only in their final locations, with the
+rest of the image remaining whatever colors they were initialized to
+before the start of the read.  The first method usually looks better,
+but tends to be slower, as there are more pixels to put in the rows.
+
+If, as is likely, you want libpng to expand the images, call this before
+calling png_start_read_image() or png_read_update_info():
+
+    if (interlace_type == PNG_INTERLACE_ADAM7)
+       number_of_passes
+           = png_set_interlace_handling(png_ptr);
+
+This will return the number of passes needed.  Currently, this is seven,
+but may change if another interlace type is added.  This function can be
+called even if the file is not interlaced, where it will return one pass.
+You then need to read the whole image 'number_of_passes' times.  Each time
+will distribute the pixels from the current pass to the correct place in
+the output image, so you need to supply the same rows to png_read_rows in
+each pass.
+
+If you are not going to display the image after each pass, but are
+going to wait until the entire image is read in, use the sparkle
+effect.  This effect is faster and the end result of either method
+is exactly the same.  If you are planning on displaying the image
+after each pass, the "rectangle" effect is generally considered the
+better looking one.
+
+If you only want the "sparkle" effect, just call png_read_row() or
+png_read_rows() as
+normal, with the third parameter NULL.  Make sure you make pass over
+the image number_of_passes times, and you don't change the data in the
+rows between calls.  You can change the locations of the data, just
+not the data.  Each pass only writes the pixels appropriate for that
+pass, and assumes the data from previous passes is still valid.
+
+    png_read_rows(png_ptr, row_pointers, NULL,
+        number_of_rows);
+    or
+    png_read_row(png_ptr, row_pointers, NULL);
+
+If you only want the first effect (the rectangles), do the same as
+before except pass the row buffer in the third parameter, and leave
+the second parameter NULL.
+
+    png_read_rows(png_ptr, NULL, row_pointers,
+        number_of_rows);
+    or
+    png_read_row(png_ptr, NULL, row_pointers);
+
+If you don't want libpng to handle the interlacing details, just call
+png_read_rows() PNG_INTERLACE_ADAM7_PASSES times to read in all the images.
+Each of the images is a valid image by itself; however, you will almost
+certainly need to distribute the pixels from each sub-image to the
+correct place.  This is where everything gets very tricky.
+
+If you want to retrieve the separate images you must pass the correct
+number of rows to each successive call of png_read_rows().  The calculation
+gets pretty complicated for small images, where some sub-images may
+not even exist because either their width or height ends up zero.
+libpng provides two macros to help you in 1.5 and later versions:
+
+   png_uint_32 width = PNG_PASS_COLS(image_width, pass_number);
+   png_uint_32 height = PNG_PASS_ROWS(image_height, pass_number);
+
+Respectively these tell you the width and height of the sub-image
+corresponding to the numbered pass.  'pass' is in in the range 0 to 6 -
+this can be confusing because the specification refers to the same passes
+as 1 to 7!  Be careful, you must check both the width and height before
+calling png_read_rows() and not call it for that pass if either is zero.
+
+You can, of course, read each sub-image row by row.  If you want to
+produce optimal code to make a pixel-by-pixel transformation of an
+interlaced image this is the best approach; read each row of each pass,
+transform it, and write it out to a new interlaced image.
+
+If you want to de-interlace the image yourself libpng provides further
+macros to help that tell you where to place the pixels in the output image.
+Because the interlacing scheme is rectangular - sub-image pixels are always
+arranged on a rectangular grid - all you need to know for each pass is the
+starting column and row in the output image of the first pixel plus the
+spacing between each pixel.  As of libpng 1.5 there are four macros to
+retrieve this information:
+
+   png_uint_32 x = PNG_PASS_START_COL(pass);
+   png_uint_32 y = PNG_PASS_START_ROW(pass);
+   png_uint_32 xStep = 1U << PNG_PASS_COL_SHIFT(pass);
+   png_uint_32 yStep = 1U << PNG_PASS_ROW_SHIFT(pass);
+
+These allow you to write the obvious loop:
+
+   png_uint_32 input_y = 0;
+   png_uint_32 output_y = PNG_PASS_START_ROW(pass);
+
+   while (output_y < output_image_height)
+   {
+      png_uint_32 input_x = 0;
+      png_uint_32 output_x = PNG_PASS_START_COL(pass);
+
+      while (output_x < output_image_width)
+      {
+         image[output_y][output_x] =
+             subimage[pass][input_y][input_x++];
+
+         output_x += xStep;
+      }
+
+      ++input_y;
+      output_y += yStep;
+   }
+
+Notice that the steps between successive output rows and columns are
+returned as shifts.  This is possible because the pixels in the subimages
+are always a power of 2 apart - 1, 2, 4 or 8 pixels - in the original
+image.  In practice you may need to directly calculate the output coordinate
+given an input coordinate.  libpng provides two further macros for this
+purpose:
+
+   png_uint_32 output_x = PNG_COL_FROM_PASS_COL(input_x, pass);
+   png_uint_32 output_y = PNG_ROW_FROM_PASS_ROW(input_y, pass);
+
+Finally a pair of macros are provided to tell you if a particular image
+row or column appears in a given pass:
+
+   int col_in_pass = PNG_COL_IN_INTERLACE_PASS(output_x, pass);
+   int row_in_pass = PNG_ROW_IN_INTERLACE_PASS(output_y, pass);
+
+Bear in mind that you will probably also need to check the width and height
+of the pass in addition to the above to be sure the pass even exists!
+
+With any luck you are convinced by now that you don't want to do your own
+interlace handling.  In reality normally the only good reason for doing this
+is if you are processing PNG files on a pixel-by-pixel basis and don't want
+to load the whole file into memory when it is interlaced.
+
+libpng includes a test program, pngvalid, that illustrates reading and
+writing of interlaced images.  If you can't get interlacing to work in your
+code and don't want to leave it to libpng (the recommended approach), see
+how pngvalid.c does it.
+
+Finishing a sequential read
+
+After you are finished reading the image through the
+low-level interface, you can finish reading the file.
+
+If you want to use a different crc action for handling CRC errors in
+chunks after the image data, you can call png_set_crc_action()
+again at this point.
+
+If you are interested in comments or time, which may be stored either
+before or after the image data, you should pass the separate png_info
+struct if you want to keep the comments from before and after the image
+separate.
+
+    png_infop end_info = png_create_info_struct(png_ptr);
+
+    if (!end_info)
+    {
+       png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr,
+           (png_infopp)NULL);
+       return ERROR;
+    }
+
+   png_read_end(png_ptr, end_info);
+
+If you are not interested, you should still call png_read_end()
+but you can pass NULL, avoiding the need to create an end_info structure.
+If you do this, libpng will not process any chunks after IDAT other than
+skipping over them and perhaps (depending on whether you have called
+png_set_crc_action) checking their CRCs while looking for the IEND chunk.
+
+   png_read_end(png_ptr, (png_infop)NULL);
+
+If you don't call png_read_end(), then your file pointer will be
+left pointing to the first chunk after the last IDAT, which is probably
+not what you want if you expect to read something beyond the end of
+the PNG datastream.
+
+When you are done, you can free all memory allocated by libpng like this:
+
+   png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr,
+       &end_info);
+
+or, if you didn't create an end_info structure,
+
+   png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr,
+       (png_infopp)NULL);
+
+It is also possible to individually free the info_ptr members that
+point to libpng-allocated storage with the following function:
+
+    png_free_data(png_ptr, info_ptr, mask, seq)
+
+    mask - identifies data to be freed, a mask
+           containing the bitwise OR of one or
+           more of
+             PNG_FREE_PLTE, PNG_FREE_TRNS,
+             PNG_FREE_HIST, PNG_FREE_ICCP,
+             PNG_FREE_PCAL, PNG_FREE_ROWS,
+             PNG_FREE_SCAL, PNG_FREE_SPLT,
+             PNG_FREE_TEXT, PNG_FREE_UNKN,
+           or simply PNG_FREE_ALL
+
+    seq  - sequence number of item to be freed
+           (-1 for all items)
+
+This function may be safely called when the relevant storage has
+already been freed, or has not yet been allocated, or was allocated
+by the user and not by libpng,  and will in those cases do nothing.
+The "seq" parameter is ignored if only one item of the selected data
+type, such as PLTE, is allowed.  If "seq" is not -1, and multiple items
+are allowed for the data type identified in the mask, such as text or
+sPLT, only the n'th item in the structure is freed, where n is "seq".
+
+The default behavior is only to free data that was allocated internally
+by libpng.  This can be changed, so that libpng will not free the data,
+or so that it will free data that was allocated by the user with png_malloc()
+or png_calloc() and passed in via a png_set_*() function, with
+
+    png_data_freer(png_ptr, info_ptr, freer, mask)
+
+    freer  - one of
+               PNG_DESTROY_WILL_FREE_DATA
+               PNG_SET_WILL_FREE_DATA
+               PNG_USER_WILL_FREE_DATA
+
+    mask   - which data elements are affected
+             same choices as in png_free_data()
+
+This function only affects data that has already been allocated.
+You can call this function after reading the PNG data but before calling
+any png_set_*() functions, to control whether the user or the png_set_*()
+function is responsible for freeing any existing data that might be present,
+and again after the png_set_*() functions to control whether the user
+or png_destroy_*() is supposed to free the data.  When the user assumes
+responsibility for libpng-allocated data, the application must use
+png_free() to free it, and when the user transfers responsibility to libpng
+for data that the user has allocated, the user must have used png_malloc()
+or png_calloc() to allocate it.
+
+If you allocated your row_pointers in a single block, as suggested above in
+the description of the high level read interface, you must not transfer
+responsibility for freeing it to the png_set_rows or png_read_destroy function,
+because they would also try to free the individual row_pointers[i].
+
+If you allocated text_ptr.text, text_ptr.lang, and text_ptr.translated_keyword
+separately, do not transfer responsibility for freeing text_ptr to libpng,
+because when libpng fills a png_text structure it combines these members with
+the key member, and png_free_data() will free only text_ptr.key.  Similarly,
+if you transfer responsibility for free'ing text_ptr from libpng to your
+application, your application must not separately free those members.
+
+The png_free_data() function will turn off the "valid" flag for anything
+it frees.  If you need to turn the flag off for a chunk that was freed by
+your application instead of by libpng, you can use
+
+    png_set_invalid(png_ptr, info_ptr, mask);
+
+    mask - identifies the chunks to be made invalid,
+           containing the bitwise OR of one or
+           more of
+             PNG_INFO_gAMA, PNG_INFO_sBIT,
+             PNG_INFO_cHRM, PNG_INFO_PLTE,
+             PNG_INFO_tRNS, PNG_INFO_bKGD,
+             PNG_INFO_eXIf,
+             PNG_INFO_hIST, PNG_INFO_pHYs,
+             PNG_INFO_oFFs, PNG_INFO_tIME,
+             PNG_INFO_pCAL, PNG_INFO_sRGB,
+             PNG_INFO_iCCP, PNG_INFO_sPLT,
+             PNG_INFO_sCAL, PNG_INFO_IDAT
+
+For a more compact example of reading a PNG image, see the file example.c.
+
+Reading PNG files progressively
+
+The progressive reader is slightly different from the non-progressive
+reader.  Instead of calling png_read_info(), png_read_rows(), and
+png_read_end(), you make one call to png_process_data(), which calls
+callbacks when it has the info, a row, or the end of the image.  You
+set up these callbacks with png_set_progressive_read_fn().  You don't
+have to worry about the input/output functions of libpng, as you are
+giving the library the data directly in png_process_data().  I will
+assume that you have read the section on reading PNG files above,
+so I will only highlight the differences (although I will show
+all of the code).
+
+png_structp png_ptr;
+png_infop info_ptr;
+
+ /*  An example code fragment of how you would
+     initialize the progressive reader in your
+     application. */
+ int
+ initialize_png_reader()
+ {
+    png_ptr = png_create_read_struct
+        (PNG_LIBPNG_VER_STRING, (png_voidp)user_error_ptr,
+         user_error_fn, user_warning_fn);
+
+    if (!png_ptr)
+        return ERROR;
+
+    info_ptr = png_create_info_struct(png_ptr);
+
+    if (!info_ptr)
+    {
+       png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr,
+          (png_infopp)NULL, (png_infopp)NULL);
+       return ERROR;
+    }
+
+    if (setjmp(png_jmpbuf(png_ptr)))
+    {
+       png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr,
+          (png_infopp)NULL);
+       return ERROR;
+    }
+
+    /* This one's new.  You can provide functions
+       to be called when the header info is valid,
+       when each row is completed, and when the image
+       is finished.  If you aren't using all functions,
+       you can specify NULL parameters.  Even when all
+       three functions are NULL, you need to call
+       png_set_progressive_read_fn().  You can use
+       any struct as the user_ptr (cast to a void pointer
+       for the function call), and retrieve the pointer
+       from inside the callbacks using the function
+
+          png_get_progressive_ptr(png_ptr);
+
+       which will return a void pointer, which you have
+       to cast appropriately.
+     */
+    png_set_progressive_read_fn(png_ptr, (void *)user_ptr,
+        info_callback, row_callback, end_callback);
+
+    return 0;
+ }
+
+ /* A code fragment that you call as you receive blocks
+   of data */
+ int
+ process_data(png_bytep buffer, png_uint_32 length)
+ {
+    if (setjmp(png_jmpbuf(png_ptr)))
+    {
+       png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr,
+           (png_infopp)NULL);
+       return ERROR;
+    }
+
+    /* This one's new also.  Simply give it a chunk
+       of data from the file stream (in order, of
+       course).  On machines with segmented memory
+       models machines, don't give it any more than
+       64K.  The library seems to run fine with sizes
+       of 4K. Although you can give it much less if
+       necessary (I assume you can give it chunks of
+       1 byte, I haven't tried less than 256 bytes
+       yet).  When this function returns, you may
+       want to display any rows that were generated
+       in the row callback if you don't already do
+       so there.
+     */
+    png_process_data(png_ptr, info_ptr, buffer, length);
+
+    /* At this point you can call png_process_data_skip if
+       you want to handle data the library will skip yourself;
+       it simply returns the number of bytes to skip (and stops
+       libpng skipping that number of bytes on the next
+       png_process_data call).
+    return 0;
+ }
+
+ /* This function is called (as set by
+    png_set_progressive_read_fn() above) when enough data
+    has been supplied so all of the header has been
+    read.
+ */
+ void
+ info_callback(png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info)
+ {
+    /* Do any setup here, including setting any of
+       the transformations mentioned in the Reading
+       PNG files section.  For now, you _must_ call
+       either png_start_read_image() or
+       png_read_update_info() after all the
+       transformations are set (even if you don't set
+       any).  You may start getting rows before
+       png_process_data() returns, so this is your
+       last chance to prepare for that.
+
+       This is where you turn on interlace handling,
+       assuming you don't want to do it yourself.
+
+       If you need to you can stop the processing of
+       your original input data at this point by calling
+       png_process_data_pause.  This returns the number
+       of unprocessed bytes from the last png_process_data
+       call - it is up to you to ensure that the next call
+       sees these bytes again.  If you don't want to bother
+       with this you can get libpng to cache the unread
+       bytes by setting the 'save' parameter (see png.h) but
+       then libpng will have to copy the data internally.
+     */
+ }
+
+ /* This function is called when each row of image
+    data is complete */
+ void
+ row_callback(png_structp png_ptr, png_bytep new_row,
+    png_uint_32 row_num, int pass)
+ {
+    /* If the image is interlaced, and you turned
+       on the interlace handler, this function will
+       be called for every row in every pass.  Some
+       of these rows will not be changed from the
+       previous pass.  When the row is not changed,
+       the new_row variable will be NULL.  The rows
+       and passes are called in order, so you don't
+       really need the row_num and pass, but I'm
+       supplying them because it may make your life
+       easier.
+
+       If you did not turn on interlace handling then
+       the callback is called for each row of each
+       sub-image when the image is interlaced.  In this
+       case 'row_num' is the row in the sub-image, not
+       the row in the output image as it is in all other
+       cases.
+
+       For the non-NULL rows of interlaced images when
+       you have switched on libpng interlace handling,
+       you must call png_progressive_combine_row()
+       passing in the row and the old row.  You can
+       call this function for NULL rows (it will just
+       return) and for non-interlaced images (it just
+       does the memcpy for you) if it will make the
+       code easier.  Thus, you can just do this for
+       all cases if you switch on interlace handling;
+     */
+
+        png_progressive_combine_row(png_ptr, old_row,
+          new_row);
+
+    /* where old_row is what was displayed
+       previously for the row.  Note that the first
+       pass (pass == 0, really) will completely cover
+       the old row, so the rows do not have to be
+       initialized.  After the first pass (and only
+       for interlaced images), you will have to pass
+       the current row, and the function will combine
+       the old row and the new row.
+
+       You can also call png_process_data_pause in this
+       callback - see above.
+    */
+ }
+
+ void
+ end_callback(png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info)
+ {
+    /* This function is called after the whole image
+       has been read, including any chunks after the
+       image (up to and including the IEND).  You
+       will usually have the same info chunk as you
+       had in the header, although some data may have
+       been added to the comments and time fields.
+
+       Most people won't do much here, perhaps setting
+       a flag that marks the image as finished.
+     */
+ }
+
+
+
+IV. Writing
+
+Much of this is very similar to reading.  However, everything of
+importance is repeated here, so you won't have to constantly look
+back up in the reading section to understand writing.
+
+Setup
+
+You will want to do the I/O initialization before you get into libpng,
+so if it doesn't work, you don't have anything to undo. If you are not
+using the standard I/O functions, you will need to replace them with
+custom writing functions.  See the discussion under Customizing libpng.
+
+    FILE *fp = fopen(file_name, "wb");
+
+    if (!fp)
+       return ERROR;
+
+Next, png_struct and png_info need to be allocated and initialized.
+As these can be both relatively large, you may not want to store these
+on the stack, unless you have stack space to spare.  Of course, you
+will want to check if they return NULL.  If you are also reading,
+you won't want to name your read structure and your write structure
+both "png_ptr"; you can call them anything you like, such as
+"read_ptr" and "write_ptr".  Look at pngtest.c, for example.
+
+    png_structp png_ptr = png_create_write_struct
+       (PNG_LIBPNG_VER_STRING, (png_voidp)user_error_ptr,
+        user_error_fn, user_warning_fn);
+
+    if (!png_ptr)
+       return ERROR;
+
+    png_infop info_ptr = png_create_info_struct(png_ptr);
+    if (!info_ptr)
+    {
+       png_destroy_write_struct(&png_ptr,
+           (png_infopp)NULL);
+       return ERROR;
+    }
+
+If you want to use your own memory allocation routines,
+define PNG_USER_MEM_SUPPORTED and use
+png_create_write_struct_2() instead of png_create_write_struct():
+
+    png_structp png_ptr = png_create_write_struct_2
+       (PNG_LIBPNG_VER_STRING, (png_voidp)user_error_ptr,
+        user_error_fn, user_warning_fn, (png_voidp)
+        user_mem_ptr, user_malloc_fn, user_free_fn);
+
+After you have these structures, you will need to set up the
+error handling.  When libpng encounters an error, it expects to
+longjmp() back to your routine.  Therefore, you will need to call
+setjmp() and pass the png_jmpbuf(png_ptr).  If you
+write the file from different routines, you will need to update
+the png_jmpbuf(png_ptr) every time you enter a new routine that will
+call a png_*() function.  See your documentation of setjmp/longjmp
+for your compiler for more information on setjmp/longjmp.  See
+the discussion on libpng error handling in the Customizing Libpng
+section below for more information on the libpng error handling.
+
+    if (setjmp(png_jmpbuf(png_ptr)))
+    {
+    png_destroy_write_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr);
+       fclose(fp);
+       return ERROR;
+    }
+    ...
+    return;
+
+If you would rather avoid the complexity of setjmp/longjmp issues,
+you can compile libpng with PNG_NO_SETJMP, in which case
+errors will result in a call to PNG_ABORT() which defaults to abort().
+
+You can #define PNG_ABORT() to a function that does something
+more useful than abort(), as long as your function does not
+return.
+
+Checking for invalid palette index on write was added at libpng
+1.5.10.  If a pixel contains an invalid (out-of-range) index libpng issues
+a benign error.  This is enabled by default because this condition is an
+error according to the PNG specification, Clause 11.3.2, but the error can
+be ignored in each png_ptr with
+
+   png_set_check_for_invalid_index(png_ptr, 0);
+
+If the error is ignored, or if png_benign_error() treats it as a warning,
+any invalid pixels are written as-is by the encoder, resulting in an
+invalid PNG datastream as output.  In this case the application is
+responsible for ensuring that the pixel indexes are in range when it writes
+a PLTE chunk with fewer entries than the bit depth would allow.
+
+Now you need to set up the output code.  The default for libpng is to
+use the C function fwrite().  If you use this, you will need to pass a
+valid FILE * in the function png_init_io().  Be sure that the file is
+opened in binary mode.  Again, if you wish to handle writing data in
+another way, see the discussion on libpng I/O handling in the Customizing
+Libpng section below.
+
+    png_init_io(png_ptr, fp);
+
+If you are embedding your PNG into a datastream such as MNG, and don't
+want libpng to write the 8-byte signature, or if you have already
+written the signature in your application, use
+
+    png_set_sig_bytes(png_ptr, 8);
+
+to inform libpng that it should not write a signature.
+
+Write callbacks
+
+At this point, you can set up a callback function that will be
+called after each row has been written, which you can use to control
+a progress meter or the like.  It's demonstrated in pngtest.c.
+You must supply a function
+
+    void write_row_callback(png_structp png_ptr, png_uint_32 row,
+       int pass);
+    {
+      /* put your code here */
+    }
+
+(You can give it another name that you like instead of "write_row_callback")
+
+To inform libpng about your function, use
+
+    png_set_write_status_fn(png_ptr, write_row_callback);
+
+When this function is called the row has already been completely processed and
+it has also been written out.  The 'row' and 'pass' refer to the next row to be
+handled.  For the
+non-interlaced case the row that was just handled is simply one less than the
+passed in row number, and pass will always be 0.  For the interlaced case the
+same applies unless the row value is 0, in which case the row just handled was
+the last one from one of the preceding passes.  Because interlacing may skip a
+pass you cannot be sure that the preceding pass is just 'pass-1', if you really
+need to know what the last pass is record (row,pass) from the callback and use
+the last recorded value each time.
+
+As with the user transform you can find the output row using the
+PNG_ROW_FROM_PASS_ROW macro.
+
+You now have the option of modifying how the compression library will
+run.  The following functions are mainly for testing, but may be useful
+in some cases, like if you need to write PNG files extremely fast and
+are willing to give up some compression, or if you want to get the
+maximum possible compression at the expense of slower writing.  If you
+have no special needs in this area, let the library do what it wants by
+not calling this function at all, as it has been tuned to deliver a good
+speed/compression ratio. The second parameter to png_set_filter() is
+the filter method, for which the only valid values are 0 (as of the
+July 1999 PNG specification, version 1.2) or 64 (if you are writing
+a PNG datastream that is to be embedded in a MNG datastream).  The third
+parameter is a flag that indicates which filter type(s) are to be tested
+for each scanline.  See the PNG specification for details on the specific
+filter types.
+
+
+    /* turn on or off filtering, and/or choose
+       specific filters.  You can use either a single
+       PNG_FILTER_VALUE_NAME or the bitwise OR of one
+       or more PNG_FILTER_NAME masks.
+     */
+    png_set_filter(png_ptr, 0,
+       PNG_FILTER_NONE  | PNG_FILTER_VALUE_NONE |
+       PNG_FILTER_SUB   | PNG_FILTER_VALUE_SUB  |
+       PNG_FILTER_UP    | PNG_FILTER_VALUE_UP   |
+       PNG_FILTER_AVG   | PNG_FILTER_VALUE_AVG  |
+       PNG_FILTER_PAETH | PNG_FILTER_VALUE_PAETH|
+       PNG_ALL_FILTERS  | PNG_FAST_FILTERS);
+
+If an application wants to start and stop using particular filters during
+compression, it should start out with all of the filters (to ensure that
+the previous row of pixels will be stored in case it's needed later),
+and then add and remove them after the start of compression.
+
+If you are writing a PNG datastream that is to be embedded in a MNG
+datastream, the second parameter can be either 0 or 64.
+
+The png_set_compression_*() functions interface to the zlib compression
+library, and should mostly be ignored unless you really know what you are
+doing.  The only generally useful call is png_set_compression_level()
+which changes how much time zlib spends on trying to compress the image
+data.  See the Compression Library (zlib.h and algorithm.txt, distributed
+with zlib) for details on the compression levels.
+
+    #include zlib.h
+
+    /* Set the zlib compression level */
+    png_set_compression_level(png_ptr,
+        Z_BEST_COMPRESSION);
+
+    /* Set other zlib parameters for compressing IDAT */
+    png_set_compression_mem_level(png_ptr, 8);
+    png_set_compression_strategy(png_ptr,
+        Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY);
+    png_set_compression_window_bits(png_ptr, 15);
+    png_set_compression_method(png_ptr, 8);
+    png_set_compression_buffer_size(png_ptr, 8192)
+
+    /* Set zlib parameters for text compression
+     * If you don't call these, the parameters
+     * fall back on those defined for IDAT chunks
+     */
+    png_set_text_compression_mem_level(png_ptr, 8);
+    png_set_text_compression_strategy(png_ptr,
+        Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY);
+    png_set_text_compression_window_bits(png_ptr, 15);
+    png_set_text_compression_method(png_ptr, 8);
+
+Setting the contents of info for output
+
+You now need to fill in the png_info structure with all the data you
+wish to write before the actual image.  Note that the only thing you
+are allowed to write after the image is the text chunks and the time
+chunk (as of PNG Specification 1.2, anyway).  See png_write_end() and
+the latest PNG specification for more information on that.  If you
+wish to write them before the image, fill them in now, and flag that
+data as being valid.  If you want to wait until after the data, don't
+fill them until png_write_end().  For all the fields in png_info and
+their data types, see png.h.  For explanations of what the fields
+contain, see the PNG specification.
+
+Some of the more important parts of the png_info are:
+
+    png_set_IHDR(png_ptr, info_ptr, width, height,
+       bit_depth, color_type, interlace_type,
+       compression_type, filter_method)
+
+    width          - holds the width of the image
+                     in pixels (up to 2^31).
+
+    height         - holds the height of the image
+                     in pixels (up to 2^31).
+
+    bit_depth      - holds the bit depth of one of the
+                     image channels.
+                     (valid values are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16
+                     and depend also on the
+                     color_type.  See also significant
+                     bits (sBIT) below).
+
+    color_type     - describes which color/alpha
+                     channels are present.
+                     PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY
+                        (bit depths 1, 2, 4, 8, 16)
+                     PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY_ALPHA
+                        (bit depths 8, 16)
+                     PNG_COLOR_TYPE_PALETTE
+                        (bit depths 1, 2, 4, 8)
+                     PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB
+                        (bit_depths 8, 16)
+                     PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB_ALPHA
+                        (bit_depths 8, 16)
+
+                     PNG_COLOR_MASK_PALETTE
+                     PNG_COLOR_MASK_COLOR
+                     PNG_COLOR_MASK_ALPHA
+
+    interlace_type - PNG_INTERLACE_NONE or
+                     PNG_INTERLACE_ADAM7
+
+    compression_type - (must be
+                     PNG_COMPRESSION_TYPE_DEFAULT)
+
+    filter_method  - (must be PNG_FILTER_TYPE_DEFAULT
+                     or, if you are writing a PNG to
+                     be embedded in a MNG datastream,
+                     can also be
+                     PNG_INTRAPIXEL_DIFFERENCING)
+
+If you call png_set_IHDR(), the call must appear before any of the
+other png_set_*() functions, because they might require access to some of
+the IHDR settings.  The remaining png_set_*() functions can be called
+in any order.
+
+If you wish, you can reset the compression_type, interlace_type, or
+filter_method later by calling png_set_IHDR() again; if you do this, the
+width, height, bit_depth, and color_type must be the same in each call.
+
+    png_set_PLTE(png_ptr, info_ptr, palette,
+       num_palette);
+
+    palette        - the palette for the file
+                     (array of png_color)
+    num_palette    - number of entries in the palette
+
+
+    png_set_gAMA(png_ptr, info_ptr, file_gamma);
+    png_set_gAMA_fixed(png_ptr, info_ptr, int_file_gamma);
+
+    file_gamma     - the gamma at which the image was
+                     created (PNG_INFO_gAMA)
+
+    int_file_gamma - 100,000 times the gamma at which
+                     the image was created
+
+    png_set_cHRM(png_ptr, info_ptr,  white_x, white_y, red_x, red_y,
+                     green_x, green_y, blue_x, blue_y)
+    png_set_cHRM_XYZ(png_ptr, info_ptr, red_X, red_Y, red_Z, green_X,
+                     green_Y, green_Z, blue_X, blue_Y, blue_Z)
+    png_set_cHRM_fixed(png_ptr, info_ptr, int_white_x, int_white_y,
+                     int_red_x, int_red_y, int_green_x, int_green_y,
+                     int_blue_x, int_blue_y)
+    png_set_cHRM_XYZ_fixed(png_ptr, info_ptr, int_red_X, int_red_Y,
+                     int_red_Z, int_green_X, int_green_Y, int_green_Z,
+                     int_blue_X, int_blue_Y, int_blue_Z)
+
+    {white,red,green,blue}_{x,y}
+                     A color space encoding specified using the chromaticities
+                     of the end points and the white point.
+
+    {red,green,blue}_{X,Y,Z}
+                     A color space encoding specified using the encoding end
+                     points - the CIE tristimulus specification of the intended
+                     color of the red, green and blue channels in the PNG RGB
+                     data.  The white point is simply the sum of the three end
+                     points.
+
+    png_set_sRGB(png_ptr, info_ptr, srgb_intent);
+
+    srgb_intent    - the rendering intent
+                     (PNG_INFO_sRGB) The presence of
+                     the sRGB chunk means that the pixel
+                     data is in the sRGB color space.
+                     This chunk also implies specific
+                     values of gAMA and cHRM.  Rendering
+                     intent is the CSS-1 property that
+                     has been defined by the International
+                     Color Consortium
+                     (http://www.color.org).
+                     It can be one of
+                     PNG_sRGB_INTENT_SATURATION,
+                     PNG_sRGB_INTENT_PERCEPTUAL,
+                     PNG_sRGB_INTENT_ABSOLUTE, or
+                     PNG_sRGB_INTENT_RELATIVE.
+
+
+    png_set_sRGB_gAMA_and_cHRM(png_ptr, info_ptr,
+       srgb_intent);
+
+    srgb_intent    - the rendering intent
+                     (PNG_INFO_sRGB) The presence of the
+                     sRGB chunk means that the pixel
+                     data is in the sRGB color space.
+                     This function also causes gAMA and
+                     cHRM chunks with the specific values
+                     that are consistent with sRGB to be
+                     written.
+
+    png_set_iCCP(png_ptr, info_ptr, name, compression_type,
+                       profile, proflen);
+
+    name             - The profile name.
+
+    compression_type - The compression type; always
+                       PNG_COMPRESSION_TYPE_BASE for PNG 1.0.
+                       You may give NULL to this argument to
+                       ignore it.
+
+    profile          - International Color Consortium color
+                       profile data. May contain NULs.
+
+    proflen          - length of profile data in bytes.
+
+    png_set_sBIT(png_ptr, info_ptr, sig_bit);
+
+    sig_bit        - the number of significant bits for
+                     (PNG_INFO_sBIT) each of the gray, red,
+                     green, and blue channels, whichever are
+                     appropriate for the given color type
+                     (png_color_16)
+
+    png_set_tRNS(png_ptr, info_ptr, trans_alpha,
+       num_trans, trans_color);
+
+    trans_alpha    - array of alpha (transparency)
+                     entries for palette (PNG_INFO_tRNS)
+
+    num_trans      - number of transparent entries
+                     (PNG_INFO_tRNS)
+
+    trans_color    - graylevel or color sample values
+                     (in order red, green, blue) of the
+                     single transparent color for
+                     non-paletted images (PNG_INFO_tRNS)
+
+    png_set_eXIf_1(png_ptr, info_ptr, num_exif, exif);
+
+    exif           - Exif profile (array of
+                     png_byte) (PNG_INFO_eXIf)
+
+    png_set_hIST(png_ptr, info_ptr, hist);
+
+    hist           - histogram of palette (array of
+                     png_uint_16) (PNG_INFO_hIST)
+
+    png_set_tIME(png_ptr, info_ptr, mod_time);
+
+    mod_time       - time image was last modified
+                     (PNG_VALID_tIME)
+
+    png_set_bKGD(png_ptr, info_ptr, background);
+
+    background     - background color (of type
+                     png_color_16p) (PNG_VALID_bKGD)
+
+    png_set_text(png_ptr, info_ptr, text_ptr, num_text);
+
+    text_ptr       - array of png_text holding image
+                     comments
+
+    text_ptr[i].compression - type of compression used
+                 on "text" PNG_TEXT_COMPRESSION_NONE
+                           PNG_TEXT_COMPRESSION_zTXt
+                           PNG_ITXT_COMPRESSION_NONE
+                           PNG_ITXT_COMPRESSION_zTXt
+    text_ptr[i].key   - keyword for comment.  Must contain
+                 1-79 characters.
+    text_ptr[i].text  - text comments for current
+                         keyword.  Can be NULL or empty.
+    text_ptr[i].text_length - length of text string,
+                 after decompression, 0 for iTXt
+    text_ptr[i].itxt_length - length of itxt string,
+                 after decompression, 0 for tEXt/zTXt
+    text_ptr[i].lang  - language of comment (NULL or
+                         empty for unknown).
+    text_ptr[i].translated_keyword  - keyword in UTF-8 (NULL
+                         or empty for unknown).
+
+    Note that the itxt_length, lang, and lang_key
+    members of the text_ptr structure only exist when the
+    library is built with iTXt chunk support.  Prior to
+    libpng-1.4.0 the library was built by default without
+    iTXt support. Also note that when iTXt is supported,
+    they contain NULL pointers when the "compression"
+    field contains PNG_TEXT_COMPRESSION_NONE or
+    PNG_TEXT_COMPRESSION_zTXt.
+
+    num_text       - number of comments
+
+    png_set_sPLT(png_ptr, info_ptr, &palette_ptr,
+       num_spalettes);
+
+    palette_ptr    - array of png_sPLT_struct structures
+                     to be added to the list of palettes
+                     in the info structure.
+    num_spalettes  - number of palette structures to be
+                     added.
+
+    png_set_oFFs(png_ptr, info_ptr, offset_x, offset_y,
+        unit_type);
+
+    offset_x  - positive offset from the left
+                     edge of the screen
+
+    offset_y  - positive offset from the top
+                     edge of the screen
+
+    unit_type - PNG_OFFSET_PIXEL, PNG_OFFSET_MICROMETER
+
+    png_set_pHYs(png_ptr, info_ptr, res_x, res_y,
+        unit_type);
+
+    res_x       - pixels/unit physical resolution
+                  in x direction
+
+    res_y       - pixels/unit physical resolution
+                  in y direction
+
+    unit_type   - PNG_RESOLUTION_UNKNOWN,
+                  PNG_RESOLUTION_METER
+
+    png_set_sCAL(png_ptr, info_ptr, unit, width, height)
+
+    unit        - physical scale units (an integer)
+
+    width       - width of a pixel in physical scale units
+
+    height      - height of a pixel in physical scale units
+                  (width and height are doubles)
+
+    png_set_sCAL_s(png_ptr, info_ptr, unit, width, height)
+
+    unit        - physical scale units (an integer)
+
+    width       - width of a pixel in physical scale units
+                  expressed as a string
+
+    height      - height of a pixel in physical scale units
+                 (width and height are strings like "2.54")
+
+    png_set_unknown_chunks(png_ptr, info_ptr, &unknowns,
+       num_unknowns)
+
+    unknowns          - array of png_unknown_chunk
+                        structures holding unknown chunks
+    unknowns[i].name  - name of unknown chunk
+    unknowns[i].data  - data of unknown chunk
+    unknowns[i].size  - size of unknown chunk's data
+    unknowns[i].location - position to write chunk in file
+                           0: do not write chunk
+                           PNG_HAVE_IHDR: before PLTE
+                           PNG_HAVE_PLTE: before IDAT
+                           PNG_AFTER_IDAT: after IDAT
+
+The "location" member is set automatically according to
+what part of the output file has already been written.
+You can change its value after calling png_set_unknown_chunks()
+as demonstrated in pngtest.c.  Within each of the "locations",
+the chunks are sequenced according to their position in the
+structure (that is, the value of "i", which is the order in which
+the chunk was either read from the input file or defined with
+png_set_unknown_chunks).
+
+A quick word about text and num_text.  text is an array of png_text
+structures.  num_text is the number of valid structures in the array.
+Each png_text structure holds a language code, a keyword, a text value,
+and a compression type.
+
+The compression types have the same valid numbers as the compression
+types of the image data.  Currently, the only valid number is zero.
+However, you can store text either compressed or uncompressed, unlike
+images, which always have to be compressed.  So if you don't want the
+text compressed, set the compression type to PNG_TEXT_COMPRESSION_NONE.
+Because tEXt and zTXt chunks don't have a language field, if you
+specify PNG_TEXT_COMPRESSION_NONE or PNG_TEXT_COMPRESSION_zTXt
+any language code or translated keyword will not be written out.
+
+Until text gets around a few hundred bytes, it is not worth compressing it.
+After the text has been written out to the file, the compression type
+is set to PNG_TEXT_COMPRESSION_NONE_WR or PNG_TEXT_COMPRESSION_zTXt_WR,
+so that it isn't written out again at the end (in case you are calling
+png_write_end() with the same struct).
+
+The keywords that are given in the PNG Specification are:
+
+    Title            Short (one line) title or
+                     caption for image
+
+    Author           Name of image's creator
+
+    Description      Description of image (possibly long)
+
+    Copyright        Copyright notice
+
+    Creation Time    Time of original image creation
+                     (usually RFC 1123 format, see below)
+
+    Software         Software used to create the image
+
+    Disclaimer       Legal disclaimer
+
+    Warning          Warning of nature of content
+
+    Source           Device used to create the image
+
+    Comment          Miscellaneous comment; conversion
+                     from other image format
+
+The keyword-text pairs work like this.  Keywords should be short
+simple descriptions of what the comment is about.  Some typical
+keywords are found in the PNG specification, as is some recommendations
+on keywords.  You can repeat keywords in a file.  You can even write
+some text before the image and some after.  For example, you may want
+to put a description of the image before the image, but leave the
+disclaimer until after, so viewers working over modem connections
+don't have to wait for the disclaimer to go over the modem before
+they start seeing the image.  Finally, keywords should be full
+words, not abbreviations.  Keywords and text are in the ISO 8859-1
+(Latin-1) character set (a superset of regular ASCII) and can not
+contain NUL characters, and should not contain control or other
+unprintable characters.  To make the comments widely readable, stick
+with basic ASCII, and avoid machine specific character set extensions
+like the IBM-PC character set.  The keyword must be present, but
+you can leave off the text string on non-compressed pairs.
+Compressed pairs must have a text string, as only the text string
+is compressed anyway, so the compression would be meaningless.
+
+PNG supports modification time via the png_time structure.  Two
+conversion routines are provided, png_convert_from_time_t() for
+time_t and png_convert_from_struct_tm() for struct tm.  The
+time_t routine uses gmtime().  You don't have to use either of
+these, but if you wish to fill in the png_time structure directly,
+you should provide the time in universal time (GMT) if possible
+instead of your local time.  Note that the year number is the full
+year (e.g. 1998, rather than 98 - PNG is year 2000 compliant!), and
+that months start with 1.
+
+If you want to store the time of the original image creation, you should
+use a plain tEXt chunk with the "Creation Time" keyword.  This is
+necessary because the "creation time" of a PNG image is somewhat vague,
+depending on whether you mean the PNG file, the time the image was
+created in a non-PNG format, a still photo from which the image was
+scanned, or possibly the subject matter itself.  In order to facilitate
+machine-readable dates, it is recommended that the "Creation Time"
+tEXt chunk use RFC 1123 format dates (e.g. "22 May 1997 18:07:10 GMT"),
+although this isn't a requirement.  Unlike the tIME chunk, the
+"Creation Time" tEXt chunk is not expected to be automatically changed
+by the software.  To facilitate the use of RFC 1123 dates, a function
+png_convert_to_rfc1123_buffer(buffer, png_timep) is provided to
+convert from PNG time to an RFC 1123 format string.  The caller must provide
+a writeable buffer of at least 29 bytes.
+
+Writing unknown chunks
+
+You can use the png_set_unknown_chunks function to queue up private chunks
+for writing.  You give it a chunk name, location, raw data, and a size.  You
+also must use png_set_keep_unknown_chunks() to ensure that libpng will
+handle them.  That's all there is to it.  The chunks will be written by the
+next following png_write_info_before_PLTE, png_write_info, or png_write_end
+function, depending upon the specified location.  Any chunks previously
+read into the info structure's unknown-chunk list will also be written out
+in a sequence that satisfies the PNG specification's ordering rules.
+
+Here is an example of writing two private chunks, prVt and miNE:
+
+    #ifdef PNG_WRITE_UNKNOWN_CHUNKS_SUPPORTED
+    /* Set unknown chunk data */
+    png_unknown_chunk unk_chunk[2];
+    strcpy((char *) unk_chunk[0].name, "prVt";
+    unk_chunk[0].data = (unsigned char *) "PRIVATE DATA";
+    unk_chunk[0].size = strlen(unk_chunk[0].data)+1;
+    unk_chunk[0].location = PNG_HAVE_IHDR;
+    strcpy((char *) unk_chunk[1].name, "miNE";
+    unk_chunk[1].data = (unsigned char *) "MY CHUNK DATA";
+    unk_chunk[1].size = strlen(unk_chunk[0].data)+1;
+    unk_chunk[1].location = PNG_AFTER_IDAT;
+    png_set_unknown_chunks(write_ptr, write_info_ptr,
+        unk_chunk, 2);
+    /* Needed because miNE is not safe-to-copy */
+    png_set_keep_unknown_chunks(png, PNG_HANDLE_CHUNK_ALWAYS,
+       (png_bytep) "miNE", 1);
+    # if PNG_LIBPNG_VER < 10600
+      /* Deal with unknown chunk location bug in 1.5.x and earlier */
+      png_set_unknown_chunk_location(png, info, 0, PNG_HAVE_IHDR);
+      png_set_unknown_chunk_location(png, info, 1, PNG_AFTER_IDAT);
+    # endif
+    # if PNG_LIBPNG_VER < 10500
+      /* PNG_AFTER_IDAT writes two copies of the chunk prior to libpng-1.5.0,
+       * one before IDAT and another after IDAT, so don't use it; only use
+       * PNG_HAVE_IHDR location.  This call resets the location previously
+       * set by assignment and png_set_unknown_chunk_location() for chunk 1.
+       */
+      png_set_unknown_chunk_location(png, info, 1, PNG_HAVE_IHDR);
+    # endif
+    #endif
+
+The high-level write interface
+
+At this point there are two ways to proceed; through the high-level
+write interface, or through a sequence of low-level write operations.
+You can use the high-level interface if your image data is present
+in the info structure.  All defined output
+transformations are permitted, enabled by the following masks.
+
+    PNG_TRANSFORM_IDENTITY      No transformation
+    PNG_TRANSFORM_PACKING       Pack 1, 2 and 4-bit samples
+    PNG_TRANSFORM_PACKSWAP      Change order of packed
+                                pixels to LSB first
+    PNG_TRANSFORM_INVERT_MONO   Invert monochrome images
+    PNG_TRANSFORM_SHIFT         Normalize pixels to the
+                                sBIT depth
+    PNG_TRANSFORM_BGR           Flip RGB to BGR, RGBA
+                                to BGRA
+    PNG_TRANSFORM_SWAP_ALPHA    Flip RGBA to ARGB or GA
+                                to AG
+    PNG_TRANSFORM_INVERT_ALPHA  Change alpha from opacity
+                                to transparency
+    PNG_TRANSFORM_SWAP_ENDIAN   Byte-swap 16-bit samples
+    PNG_TRANSFORM_STRIP_FILLER        Strip out filler
+                                      bytes (deprecated).
+    PNG_TRANSFORM_STRIP_FILLER_BEFORE Strip out leading
+                                      filler bytes
+    PNG_TRANSFORM_STRIP_FILLER_AFTER  Strip out trailing
+                                      filler bytes
+
+If you have valid image data in the info structure (you can use
+png_set_rows() to put image data in the info structure), simply do this:
+
+    png_write_png(png_ptr, info_ptr, png_transforms, NULL)
+
+where png_transforms is an integer containing the bitwise OR of some set of
+transformation flags.  This call is equivalent to png_write_info(),
+followed the set of transformations indicated by the transform mask,
+then png_write_image(), and finally png_write_end().
+
+(The final parameter of this call is not yet used.  Someday it might point
+to transformation parameters required by some future output transform.)
+
+You must use png_transforms and not call any png_set_transform() functions
+when you use png_write_png().
+
+The low-level write interface
+
+If you are going the low-level route instead, you are now ready to
+write all the file information up to the actual image data.  You do
+this with a call to png_write_info().
+
+    png_write_info(png_ptr, info_ptr);
+
+Note that there is one transformation you may need to do before
+png_write_info().  In PNG files, the alpha channel in an image is the
+level of opacity.  If your data is supplied as a level of transparency,
+you can invert the alpha channel before you write it, so that 0 is
+fully transparent and 255 (in 8-bit or paletted images) or 65535
+(in 16-bit images) is fully opaque, with
+
+    png_set_invert_alpha(png_ptr);
+
+This must appear before png_write_info() instead of later with the
+other transformations because in the case of paletted images the tRNS
+chunk data has to be inverted before the tRNS chunk is written.  If
+your image is not a paletted image, the tRNS data (which in such cases
+represents a single color to be rendered as transparent) won't need to
+be changed, and you can safely do this transformation after your
+png_write_info() call.
+
+If you need to write a private chunk that you want to appear before
+the PLTE chunk when PLTE is present, you can write the PNG info in
+two steps, and insert code to write your own chunk between them:
+
+    png_write_info_before_PLTE(png_ptr, info_ptr);
+    png_set_unknown_chunks(png_ptr, info_ptr, ...);
+    png_write_info(png_ptr, info_ptr);
+
+After you've written the file information, you can set up the library
+to handle any special transformations of the image data.  The various
+ways to transform the data will be described in the order that they
+should occur.  This is important, as some of these change the color
+type and/or bit depth of the data, and some others only work on
+certain color types and bit depths.  Even though each transformation
+checks to see if it has data that it can do something with, you should
+make sure to only enable a transformation if it will be valid for the
+data.  For example, don't swap red and blue on grayscale data.
+
+PNG files store RGB pixels packed into 3 or 6 bytes.  This code tells
+the library to strip input data that has 4 or 8 bytes per pixel down
+to 3 or 6 bytes (or strip 2 or 4-byte grayscale+filler data to 1 or 2
+bytes per pixel).
+
+    png_set_filler(png_ptr, 0, PNG_FILLER_BEFORE);
+
+where the 0 is unused, and the location is either PNG_FILLER_BEFORE or
+PNG_FILLER_AFTER, depending upon whether the filler byte in the pixel
+is stored XRGB or RGBX.
+
+PNG files pack pixels of bit depths 1, 2, and 4 into bytes as small as
+they can, resulting in, for example, 8 pixels per byte for 1 bit files.
+If the data is supplied at 1 pixel per byte, use this code, which will
+correctly pack the pixels into a single byte:
+
+    png_set_packing(png_ptr);
+
+PNG files reduce possible bit depths to 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16.  If your
+data is of another bit depth, you can write an sBIT chunk into the
+file so that decoders can recover the original data if desired.
+
+    /* Set the true bit depth of the image data */
+    if (color_type & PNG_COLOR_MASK_COLOR)
+    {
+       sig_bit.red = true_bit_depth;
+       sig_bit.green = true_bit_depth;
+       sig_bit.blue = true_bit_depth;
+    }
+
+    else
+    {
+       sig_bit.gray = true_bit_depth;
+    }
+
+    if (color_type & PNG_COLOR_MASK_ALPHA)
+    {
+       sig_bit.alpha = true_bit_depth;
+    }
+
+    png_set_sBIT(png_ptr, info_ptr, &sig_bit);
+
+If the data is stored in the row buffer in a bit depth other than
+one supported by PNG (e.g. 3 bit data in the range 0-7 for a 4-bit PNG),
+this will scale the values to appear to be the correct bit depth as
+is required by PNG.
+
+    png_set_shift(png_ptr, &sig_bit);
+
+PNG files store 16-bit pixels in network byte order (big-endian,
+ie. most significant bits first).  This code would be used if they are
+supplied the other way (little-endian, i.e. least significant bits
+first, the way PCs store them):
+
+    if (bit_depth > 8)
+       png_set_swap(png_ptr);
+
+If you are using packed-pixel images (1, 2, or 4 bits/pixel), and you
+need to change the order the pixels are packed into bytes, you can use:
+
+    if (bit_depth < 8)
+       png_set_packswap(png_ptr);
+
+PNG files store 3 color pixels in red, green, blue order.  This code
+would be used if they are supplied as blue, green, red:
+
+    png_set_bgr(png_ptr);
+
+PNG files describe monochrome as black being zero and white being
+one. This code would be used if the pixels are supplied with this reversed
+(black being one and white being zero):
+
+    png_set_invert_mono(png_ptr);
+
+Finally, you can write your own transformation function if none of
+the existing ones meets your needs.  This is done by setting a callback
+with
+
+    png_set_write_user_transform_fn(png_ptr,
+       write_transform_fn);
+
+You must supply the function
+
+    void write_transform_fn(png_structp png_ptr, png_row_infop
+       row_info, png_bytep data)
+
+See pngtest.c for a working example.  Your function will be called
+before any of the other transformations are processed.  If supported
+libpng also supplies an information routine that may be called from
+your callback:
+
+   png_get_current_row_number(png_ptr);
+   png_get_current_pass_number(png_ptr);
+
+This returns the current row passed to the transform.  With interlaced
+images the value returned is the row in the input sub-image image.  Use
+PNG_ROW_FROM_PASS_ROW(row, pass) and PNG_COL_FROM_PASS_COL(col, pass) to
+find the output pixel (x,y) given an interlaced sub-image pixel (row,col,pass).
+
+The discussion of interlace handling above contains more information on how to
+use these values.
+
+You can also set up a pointer to a user structure for use by your
+callback function.
+
+    png_set_user_transform_info(png_ptr, user_ptr, 0, 0);
+
+The user_channels and user_depth parameters of this function are ignored
+when writing; you can set them to zero as shown.
+
+You can retrieve the pointer via the function png_get_user_transform_ptr().
+For example:
+
+    voidp write_user_transform_ptr =
+       png_get_user_transform_ptr(png_ptr);
+
+It is possible to have libpng flush any pending output, either manually,
+or automatically after a certain number of lines have been written.  To
+flush the output stream a single time call:
+
+    png_write_flush(png_ptr);
+
+and to have libpng flush the output stream periodically after a certain
+number of scanlines have been written, call:
+
+    png_set_flush(png_ptr, nrows);
+
+Note that the distance between rows is from the last time png_write_flush()
+was called, or the first row of the image if it has never been called.
+So if you write 50 lines, and then png_set_flush 25, it will flush the
+output on the next scanline, and every 25 lines thereafter, unless
+png_write_flush() is called before 25 more lines have been written.
+If nrows is too small (less than about 10 lines for a 640 pixel wide
+RGB image) the image compression may decrease noticeably (although this
+may be acceptable for real-time applications).  Infrequent flushing will
+only degrade the compression performance by a few percent over images
+that do not use flushing.
+
+Writing the image data
+
+That's it for the transformations.  Now you can write the image data.
+The simplest way to do this is in one function call.  If you have the
+whole image in memory, you can just call png_write_image() and libpng
+will write the image.  You will need to pass in an array of pointers to
+each row.  This function automatically handles interlacing, so you don't
+need to call png_set_interlace_handling() or call this function multiple
+times, or any of that other stuff necessary with png_write_rows().
+
+    png_write_image(png_ptr, row_pointers);
+
+where row_pointers is:
+
+    png_byte *row_pointers[height];
+
+You can point to void or char or whatever you use for pixels.
+
+If you don't want to write the whole image at once, you can
+use png_write_rows() instead.  If the file is not interlaced,
+this is simple:
+
+    png_write_rows(png_ptr, row_pointers,
+       number_of_rows);
+
+row_pointers is the same as in the png_write_image() call.
+
+If you are just writing one row at a time, you can do this with
+a single row_pointer instead of an array of row_pointers:
+
+    png_bytep row_pointer = row;
+
+    png_write_row(png_ptr, row_pointer);
+
+When the file is interlaced, things can get a good deal more complicated.
+The only currently (as of the PNG Specification version 1.2, dated July
+1999) defined interlacing scheme for PNG files is the "Adam7" interlace
+scheme, that breaks down an image into seven smaller images of varying
+size.  libpng will build these images for you, or you can do them
+yourself.  If you want to build them yourself, see the PNG specification
+for details of which pixels to write when.
+
+If you don't want libpng to handle the interlacing details, just
+use png_set_interlace_handling() and call png_write_rows() the
+correct number of times to write all the sub-images
+(png_set_interlace_handling() returns the number of sub-images.)
+
+If you want libpng to build the sub-images, call this before you start
+writing any rows:
+
+    number_of_passes = png_set_interlace_handling(png_ptr);
+
+This will return the number of passes needed.  Currently, this is seven,
+but may change if another interlace type is added.
+
+Then write the complete image number_of_passes times.
+
+    png_write_rows(png_ptr, row_pointers, number_of_rows);
+
+Think carefully before you write an interlaced image.  Typically code that
+reads such images reads all the image data into memory, uncompressed, before
+doing any processing.  Only code that can display an image on the fly can
+take advantage of the interlacing and even then the image has to be exactly
+the correct size for the output device, because scaling an image requires
+adjacent pixels and these are not available until all the passes have been
+read.
+
+If you do write an interlaced image you will hardly ever need to handle
+the interlacing yourself.  Call png_set_interlace_handling() and use the
+approach described above.
+
+The only time it is conceivable that you will really need to write an
+interlaced image pass-by-pass is when you have read one pass by pass and
+made some pixel-by-pixel transformation to it, as described in the read
+code above.  In this case use the PNG_PASS_ROWS and PNG_PASS_COLS macros
+to determine the size of each sub-image in turn and simply write the rows
+you obtained from the read code.
+
+Finishing a sequential write
+
+After you are finished writing the image, you should finish writing
+the file.  If you are interested in writing comments or time, you should
+pass an appropriately filled png_info pointer.  If you are not interested,
+you can pass NULL.
+
+    png_write_end(png_ptr, info_ptr);
+
+When you are done, you can free all memory used by libpng like this:
+
+    png_destroy_write_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr);
+
+It is also possible to individually free the info_ptr members that
+point to libpng-allocated storage with the following function:
+
+    png_free_data(png_ptr, info_ptr, mask, seq)
+
+    mask  - identifies data to be freed, a mask
+            containing the bitwise OR of one or
+            more of
+              PNG_FREE_PLTE, PNG_FREE_TRNS,
+              PNG_FREE_HIST, PNG_FREE_ICCP,
+              PNG_FREE_PCAL, PNG_FREE_ROWS,
+              PNG_FREE_SCAL, PNG_FREE_SPLT,
+              PNG_FREE_TEXT, PNG_FREE_UNKN,
+            or simply PNG_FREE_ALL
+
+    seq   - sequence number of item to be freed
+            (-1 for all items)
+
+This function may be safely called when the relevant storage has
+already been freed, or has not yet been allocated, or was allocated
+by the user  and not by libpng,  and will in those cases do nothing.
+The "seq" parameter is ignored if only one item of the selected data
+type, such as PLTE, is allowed.  If "seq" is not -1, and multiple items
+are allowed for the data type identified in the mask, such as text or
+sPLT, only the n'th item in the structure is freed, where n is "seq".
+
+If you allocated data such as a palette that you passed in to libpng
+with png_set_*, you must not free it until just before the call to
+png_destroy_write_struct().
+
+The default behavior is only to free data that was allocated internally
+by libpng.  This can be changed, so that libpng will not free the data,
+or so that it will free data that was allocated by the user with png_malloc()
+or png_calloc() and passed in via a png_set_*() function, with
+
+    png_data_freer(png_ptr, info_ptr, freer, mask)
+
+    freer  - one of
+               PNG_DESTROY_WILL_FREE_DATA
+               PNG_SET_WILL_FREE_DATA
+               PNG_USER_WILL_FREE_DATA
+
+    mask   - which data elements are affected
+             same choices as in png_free_data()
+
+For example, to transfer responsibility for some data from a read structure
+to a write structure, you could use
+
+    png_data_freer(read_ptr, read_info_ptr,
+       PNG_USER_WILL_FREE_DATA,
+       PNG_FREE_PLTE|PNG_FREE_tRNS|PNG_FREE_hIST)
+
+    png_data_freer(write_ptr, write_info_ptr,
+       PNG_DESTROY_WILL_FREE_DATA,
+       PNG_FREE_PLTE|PNG_FREE_tRNS|PNG_FREE_hIST)
+
+thereby briefly reassigning responsibility for freeing to the user but
+immediately afterwards reassigning it once more to the write_destroy
+function.  Having done this, it would then be safe to destroy the read
+structure and continue to use the PLTE, tRNS, and hIST data in the write
+structure.
+
+This function only affects data that has already been allocated.
+You can call this function before calling after the png_set_*() functions
+to control whether the user or png_destroy_*() is supposed to free the data.
+When the user assumes responsibility for libpng-allocated data, the
+application must use
+png_free() to free it, and when the user transfers responsibility to libpng
+for data that the user has allocated, the user must have used png_malloc()
+or png_calloc() to allocate it.
+
+If you allocated text_ptr.text, text_ptr.lang, and text_ptr.translated_keyword
+separately, do not transfer responsibility for freeing text_ptr to libpng,
+because when libpng fills a png_text structure it combines these members with
+the key member, and png_free_data() will free only text_ptr.key.  Similarly,
+if you transfer responsibility for free'ing text_ptr from libpng to your
+application, your application must not separately free those members.
+For a more compact example of writing a PNG image, see the file example.c.
+
+V. Simplified API
+
+The simplified API, which became available in libpng-1.6.0, hides the details
+of both libpng and the PNG file format itself.
+It allows PNG files to be read into a very limited number of
+in-memory bitmap formats or to be written from the same formats.  If these
+formats do not accommodate your needs then you can, and should, use the more
+sophisticated APIs above - these support a wide variety of in-memory formats
+and a wide variety of sophisticated transformations to those formats as well
+as a wide variety of APIs to manipulate ancillary information.
+
+To read a PNG file using the simplified API:
+
+  1) Declare a 'png_image' structure (see below) on the stack, set the
+     version field to PNG_IMAGE_VERSION and the 'opaque' pointer to NULL
+     (this is REQUIRED, your program may crash if you don't do it.)
+
+  2) Call the appropriate png_image_begin_read... function.
+
+  3) Set the png_image 'format' member to the required sample format.
+
+  4) Allocate a buffer for the image and, if required, the color-map.
+
+  5) Call png_image_finish_read to read the image and, if required, the
+     color-map into your buffers.
+
+There are no restrictions on the format of the PNG input itself; all valid
+color types, bit depths, and interlace methods are acceptable, and the
+input image is transformed as necessary to the requested in-memory format
+during the png_image_finish_read() step.  The only caveat is that if you
+request a color-mapped image from a PNG that is full-color or makes
+complex use of an alpha channel the transformation is extremely lossy and the
+result may look terrible.
+
+To write a PNG file using the simplified API:
+
+  1) Declare a 'png_image' structure on the stack and memset()
+     it to all zero.
+
+  2) Initialize the members of the structure that describe the
+     image, setting the 'format' member to the format of the
+     image samples.
+
+  3) Call the appropriate png_image_write... function with a
+     pointer to the image and, if necessary, the color-map to write
+     the PNG data.
+
+png_image is a structure that describes the in-memory format of an image
+when it is being read or defines the in-memory format of an image that you
+need to write.  The "png_image" structure contains the following members:
+
+   png_controlp opaque  Initialize to NULL, free with png_image_free
+   png_uint_32  version Set to PNG_IMAGE_VERSION
+   png_uint_32  width   Image width in pixels (columns)
+   png_uint_32  height  Image height in pixels (rows)
+   png_uint_32  format  Image format as defined below
+   png_uint_32  flags   A bit mask containing informational flags
+   png_uint_32  colormap_entries; Number of entries in the color-map
+   png_uint_32  warning_or_error;
+   char         message[64];
+
+In the event of an error or warning the "warning_or_error"
+field will be set to a non-zero value and the 'message' field will contain
+a '\0' terminated string with the libpng error or warning message.  If both
+warnings and an error were encountered, only the error is recorded.  If there
+are multiple warnings, only the first one is recorded.
+
+The upper 30 bits of the "warning_or_error" value are reserved; the low two
+bits contain a two bit code such that a value more than 1 indicates a failure
+in the API just called:
+
+   0 - no warning or error
+   1 - warning
+   2 - error
+   3 - error preceded by warning
+
+The pixels (samples) of the image have one to four channels whose components
+have original values in the range 0 to 1.0:
+
+  1: A single gray or luminance channel (G).
+  2: A gray/luminance channel and an alpha channel (GA).
+  3: Three red, green, blue color channels (RGB).
+  4: Three color channels and an alpha channel (RGBA).
+
+The channels are encoded in one of two ways:
+
+  a) As a small integer, value 0..255, contained in a single byte.  For the
+alpha channel the original value is simply value/255.  For the color or
+luminance channels the value is encoded according to the sRGB specification
+and matches the 8-bit format expected by typical display devices.
+
+The color/gray channels are not scaled (pre-multiplied) by the alpha
+channel and are suitable for passing to color management software.
+
+  b) As a value in the range 0..65535, contained in a 2-byte integer, in
+the native byte order of the platform on which the application is running.
+All channels can be converted to the original value by dividing by 65535; all
+channels are linear.  Color channels use the RGB encoding (RGB end-points) of
+the sRGB specification.  This encoding is identified by the
+PNG_FORMAT_FLAG_LINEAR flag below.
+
+When the simplified API needs to convert between sRGB and linear colorspaces,
+the actual sRGB transfer curve defined in the sRGB specification (see the
+article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB) is used, not the gamma=1/2.2
+approximation used elsewhere in libpng.
+
+When an alpha channel is present it is expected to denote pixel coverage
+of the color or luminance channels and is returned as an associated alpha
+channel: the color/gray channels are scaled (pre-multiplied) by the alpha
+value.
+
+The samples are either contained directly in the image data, between 1 and 8
+bytes per pixel according to the encoding, or are held in a color-map indexed
+by bytes in the image data.  In the case of a color-map the color-map entries
+are individual samples, encoded as above, and the image data has one byte per
+pixel to select the relevant sample from the color-map.
+
+PNG_FORMAT_*
+
+The #defines to be used in png_image::format.  Each #define identifies a
+particular layout of channel data and, if present, alpha values.  There are
+separate defines for each of the two component encodings.
+
+A format is built up using single bit flag values.  All combinations are
+valid.  Formats can be built up from the flag values or you can use one of
+the predefined values below.  When testing formats always use the FORMAT_FLAG
+macros to test for individual features - future versions of the library may
+add new flags.
+
+When reading or writing color-mapped images the format should be set to the
+format of the entries in the color-map then png_image_{read,write}_colormap
+called to read or write the color-map and set the format correctly for the
+image data.  Do not set the PNG_FORMAT_FLAG_COLORMAP bit directly!
+
+NOTE: libpng can be built with particular features disabled. If you see
+compiler errors because the definition of one of the following flags has been
+compiled out it is because libpng does not have the required support.  It is
+possible, however, for the libpng configuration to enable the format on just
+read or just write; in that case you may see an error at run time.
+You can guard against this by checking for the definition of the
+appropriate "_SUPPORTED" macro, one of:
+
+   PNG_SIMPLIFIED_{READ,WRITE}_{BGR,AFIRST}_SUPPORTED
+
+   PNG_FORMAT_FLAG_ALPHA    format with an alpha channel
+   PNG_FORMAT_FLAG_COLOR    color format: otherwise grayscale
+   PNG_FORMAT_FLAG_LINEAR   2-byte channels else 1-byte
+   PNG_FORMAT_FLAG_COLORMAP image data is color-mapped
+   PNG_FORMAT_FLAG_BGR      BGR colors, else order is RGB
+   PNG_FORMAT_FLAG_AFIRST   alpha channel comes first
+
+Supported formats are as follows.  Future versions of libpng may support more
+formats; for compatibility with older versions simply check if the format
+macro is defined using #ifdef.  These defines describe the in-memory layout
+of the components of the pixels of the image.
+
+First the single byte (sRGB) formats:
+
+   PNG_FORMAT_GRAY
+   PNG_FORMAT_GA
+   PNG_FORMAT_AG
+   PNG_FORMAT_RGB
+   PNG_FORMAT_BGR
+   PNG_FORMAT_RGBA
+   PNG_FORMAT_ARGB
+   PNG_FORMAT_BGRA
+   PNG_FORMAT_ABGR
+
+Then the linear 2-byte formats.  When naming these "Y" is used to
+indicate a luminance (gray) channel.  The component order within the pixel
+is always the same - there is no provision for swapping the order of the
+components in the linear format.  The components are 16-bit integers in
+the native byte order for your platform, and there is no provision for
+swapping the bytes to a different endian condition.
+
+   PNG_FORMAT_LINEAR_Y
+   PNG_FORMAT_LINEAR_Y_ALPHA
+   PNG_FORMAT_LINEAR_RGB
+   PNG_FORMAT_LINEAR_RGB_ALPHA
+
+With color-mapped formats the image data is one byte for each pixel. The byte
+is an index into the color-map which is formatted as above.  To obtain a
+color-mapped format it is sufficient just to add the PNG_FOMAT_FLAG_COLORMAP
+to one of the above definitions, or you can use one of the definitions below.
+
+   PNG_FORMAT_RGB_COLORMAP
+   PNG_FORMAT_BGR_COLORMAP
+   PNG_FORMAT_RGBA_COLORMAP
+   PNG_FORMAT_ARGB_COLORMAP
+   PNG_FORMAT_BGRA_COLORMAP
+   PNG_FORMAT_ABGR_COLORMAP
+
+PNG_IMAGE macros
+
+These are convenience macros to derive information from a png_image
+structure.  The PNG_IMAGE_SAMPLE_ macros return values appropriate to the
+actual image sample values - either the entries in the color-map or the
+pixels in the image.  The PNG_IMAGE_PIXEL_ macros return corresponding values
+for the pixels and will always return 1 for color-mapped formats.  The
+remaining macros return information about the rows in the image and the
+complete image.
+
+NOTE: All the macros that take a png_image::format parameter are compile time
+constants if the format parameter is, itself, a constant.  Therefore these
+macros can be used in array declarations and case labels where required.
+Similarly the macros are also pre-processor constants (sizeof is not used) so
+they can be used in #if tests.
+
+  PNG_IMAGE_SAMPLE_CHANNELS(fmt)
+    Returns the total number of channels in a given format: 1..4
+
+  PNG_IMAGE_SAMPLE_COMPONENT_SIZE(fmt)
+    Returns the size in bytes of a single component of a pixel or color-map
+    entry (as appropriate) in the image: 1 or 2.
+
+  PNG_IMAGE_SAMPLE_SIZE(fmt)
+    This is the size of the sample data for one sample.  If the image is
+    color-mapped it is the size of one color-map entry (and image pixels are
+    one byte in size), otherwise it is the size of one image pixel.
+
+  PNG_IMAGE_MAXIMUM_COLORMAP_COMPONENTS(fmt)
+    The maximum size of the color-map required by the format expressed in a
+    count of components.  This can be used to compile-time allocate a
+    color-map:
+
+    png_uint_16 colormap[PNG_IMAGE_MAXIMUM_COLORMAP_COMPONENTS(linear_fmt)];
+
+    png_byte colormap[PNG_IMAGE_MAXIMUM_COLORMAP_COMPONENTS(sRGB_fmt)];
+
+    Alternatively use the PNG_IMAGE_COLORMAP_SIZE macro below to use the
+    information from one of the png_image_begin_read_ APIs and dynamically
+    allocate the required memory.
+
+  PNG_IMAGE_COLORMAP_SIZE(fmt)
+   The size of the color-map required by the format; this is the size of the
+   color-map buffer passed to the png_image_{read,write}_colormap APIs. It is
+   a fixed number determined by the format so can easily be allocated on the
+   stack if necessary.
+
+Corresponding information about the pixels
+
+  PNG_IMAGE_PIXEL_CHANNELS(fmt)
+   The number of separate channels (components) in a pixel; 1 for a
+   color-mapped image.
+
+  PNG_IMAGE_PIXEL_COMPONENT_SIZE(fmt)\
+   The size, in bytes, of each component in a pixel; 1 for a color-mapped
+   image.
+
+  PNG_IMAGE_PIXEL_SIZE(fmt)
+   The size, in bytes, of a complete pixel; 1 for a color-mapped image.
+
+Information about the whole row, or whole image
+
+  PNG_IMAGE_ROW_STRIDE(image)
+   Returns the total number of components in a single row of the image; this
+   is the minimum 'row stride', the minimum count of components between each
+   row.  For a color-mapped image this is the minimum number of bytes in a
+   row.
+
+   If you need the stride measured in bytes, row_stride_bytes is
+   PNG_IMAGE_ROW_STRIDE(image) * PNG_IMAGE_PIXEL_COMPONENT_SIZE(fmt)
+   plus any padding bytes that your application might need, for example
+   to start the next row on a 4-byte boundary.
+
+  PNG_IMAGE_BUFFER_SIZE(image, row_stride)
+   Return the size, in bytes, of an image buffer given a png_image and a row
+   stride - the number of components to leave space for in each row.
+
+  PNG_IMAGE_SIZE(image)
+   Return the size, in bytes, of the image in memory given just a png_image;
+   the row stride is the minimum stride required for the image.
+
+  PNG_IMAGE_COLORMAP_SIZE(image)
+   Return the size, in bytes, of the color-map of this image.  If the image
+   format is not a color-map format this will return a size sufficient for
+   256 entries in the given format; check PNG_FORMAT_FLAG_COLORMAP if
+   you don't want to allocate a color-map in this case.
+
+PNG_IMAGE_FLAG_*
+
+Flags containing additional information about the image are held in
+the 'flags' field of png_image.
+
+  PNG_IMAGE_FLAG_COLORSPACE_NOT_sRGB == 0x01
+    This indicates that the RGB values of the in-memory bitmap do not
+    correspond to the red, green and blue end-points defined by sRGB.
+
+  PNG_IMAGE_FLAG_FAST == 0x02
+   On write emphasise speed over compression; the resultant PNG file will be
+   larger but will be produced significantly faster, particular for large
+   images.  Do not use this option for images which will be distributed, only
+   used it when producing intermediate files that will be read back in
+   repeatedly.  For a typical 24-bit image the option will double the read
+   speed at the cost of increasing the image size by 25%, however for many
+   more compressible images the PNG file can be 10 times larger with only a
+   slight speed gain.
+
+  PNG_IMAGE_FLAG_16BIT_sRGB == 0x04
+    On read if the image is a 16-bit per component image and there is no gAMA
+    or sRGB chunk assume that the components are sRGB encoded.  Notice that
+    images output by the simplified API always have gamma information; setting
+    this flag only affects the interpretation of 16-bit images from an
+    external source.  It is recommended that the application expose this flag
+    to the user; the user can normally easily recognize the difference between
+    linear and sRGB encoding.  This flag has no effect on write - the data
+    passed to the write APIs must have the correct encoding (as defined
+    above.)
+
+    If the flag is not set (the default) input 16-bit per component data is
+    assumed to be linear.
+
+    NOTE: the flag can only be set after the png_image_begin_read_ call,
+    because that call initializes the 'flags' field.
+
+READ APIs
+
+   The png_image passed to the read APIs must have been initialized by setting
+   the png_controlp field 'opaque' to NULL (or, better, memset the whole thing.)
+
+   int png_image_begin_read_from_file( png_imagep image,
+     const char *file_name)
+
+     The named file is opened for read and the image header
+     is filled in from the PNG header in the file.
+
+   int png_image_begin_read_from_stdio (png_imagep image,
+     FILE* file)
+
+      The PNG header is read from the stdio FILE object.
+
+   int png_image_begin_read_from_memory(png_imagep image,
+      png_const_voidp memory, size_t size)
+
+      The PNG header is read from the given memory buffer.
+
+   int png_image_finish_read(png_imagep image,
+      png_colorp background, void *buffer,
+      png_int_32 row_stride, void *colormap));
+
+      Finish reading the image into the supplied buffer and
+      clean up the png_image structure.
+
+      row_stride is the step, in png_byte or png_uint_16 units
+      as appropriate, between adjacent rows.  A positive stride
+      indicates that the top-most row is first in the buffer -
+      the normal top-down arrangement.  A negative stride
+      indicates that the bottom-most row is first in the buffer.
+
+      background need only be supplied if an alpha channel must
+      be removed from a png_byte format and the removal is to be
+      done by compositing on a solid color; otherwise it may be
+      NULL and any composition will be done directly onto the
+      buffer.  The value is an sRGB color to use for the
+      background, for grayscale output the green channel is used.
+
+      For linear output removing the alpha channel is always done
+      by compositing on black.
+
+   void png_image_free(png_imagep image)
+
+      Free any data allocated by libpng in image->opaque,
+      setting the pointer to NULL.  May be called at any time
+      after the structure is initialized.
+
+When the simplified API needs to convert between sRGB and linear colorspaces,
+the actual sRGB transfer curve defined in the sRGB specification (see the
+article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB) is used, not the gamma=1/2.2
+approximation used elsewhere in libpng.
+
+WRITE APIS
+
+For write you must initialize a png_image structure to describe the image to
+be written:
+
+   version: must be set to PNG_IMAGE_VERSION
+   opaque: must be initialized to NULL
+   width: image width in pixels
+   height: image height in rows
+   format: the format of the data you wish to write
+   flags: set to 0 unless one of the defined flags applies; set
+      PNG_IMAGE_FLAG_COLORSPACE_NOT_sRGB for color format images
+      where the RGB values do not correspond to the colors in sRGB.
+   colormap_entries: set to the number of entries in the color-map (0 to 256)
+
+   int png_image_write_to_file, (png_imagep image,
+      const char *file, int convert_to_8bit, const void *buffer,
+      png_int_32 row_stride, const void *colormap));
+
+      Write the image to the named file.
+
+   int png_image_write_to_memory (png_imagep image, void *memory,
+      png_alloc_size_t * PNG_RESTRICT memory_bytes,
+      int convert_to_8_bit, const void *buffer, ptrdiff_t row_stride,
+      const void *colormap));
+
+      Write the image to memory.
+
+   int png_image_write_to_stdio(png_imagep image, FILE *file,
+      int convert_to_8_bit, const void *buffer,
+      png_int_32 row_stride, const void *colormap)
+
+      Write the image to the given (FILE*).
+
+With all write APIs if image is in one of the linear formats with
+(png_uint_16) data then setting convert_to_8_bit will cause the output to be
+a (png_byte) PNG gamma encoded according to the sRGB specification, otherwise
+a 16-bit linear encoded PNG file is written.
+
+With all APIs row_stride is handled as in the read APIs - it is the spacing
+from one row to the next in component sized units (float) and if negative
+indicates a bottom-up row layout in the buffer.  If you pass zero, libpng will
+calculate the row_stride for you from the width and number of channels.
+
+Note that the write API does not support interlacing, sub-8-bit pixels,
+indexed (paletted) images, or most ancillary chunks.
+
+VI. Modifying/Customizing libpng
+
+There are two issues here.  The first is changing how libpng does
+standard things like memory allocation, input/output, and error handling.
+The second deals with more complicated things like adding new chunks,
+adding new transformations, and generally changing how libpng works.
+Both of those are compile-time issues; that is, they are generally
+determined at the time the code is written, and there is rarely a need
+to provide the user with a means of changing them.
+
+Memory allocation, input/output, and error handling
+
+All of the memory allocation, input/output, and error handling in libpng
+goes through callbacks that are user-settable.  The default routines are
+in pngmem.c, pngrio.c, pngwio.c, and pngerror.c, respectively.  To change
+these functions, call the appropriate png_set_*_fn() function.
+
+Memory allocation is done through the functions png_malloc(), png_calloc(),
+and png_free().  The png_malloc() and png_free() functions currently just
+call the standard C functions and png_calloc() calls png_malloc() and then
+clears the newly allocated memory to zero; note that png_calloc(png_ptr, size)
+is not the same as the calloc(number, size) function provided by stdlib.h.
+There is limited support for certain systems with segmented memory
+architectures and the types of pointers declared by png.h match this; you
+will have to use appropriate pointers in your application.  If you prefer
+to use a different method of allocating and freeing data, you can use
+png_create_read_struct_2() or png_create_write_struct_2() to register your
+own functions as described above.  These functions also provide a void
+pointer that can be retrieved via
+
+    mem_ptr=png_get_mem_ptr(png_ptr);
+
+Your replacement memory functions must have prototypes as follows:
+
+    png_voidp malloc_fn(png_structp png_ptr,
+       png_alloc_size_t size);
+
+    void free_fn(png_structp png_ptr, png_voidp ptr);
+
+Your malloc_fn() must return NULL in case of failure.  The png_malloc()
+function will normally call png_error() if it receives a NULL from the
+system memory allocator or from your replacement malloc_fn().
+
+Your free_fn() will never be called with a NULL ptr, since libpng's
+png_free() checks for NULL before calling free_fn().
+
+Input/Output in libpng is done through png_read() and png_write(),
+which currently just call fread() and fwrite().  The FILE * is stored in
+png_struct and is initialized via png_init_io().  If you wish to change
+the method of I/O, the library supplies callbacks that you can set
+through the function png_set_read_fn() and png_set_write_fn() at run
+time, instead of calling the png_init_io() function.  These functions
+also provide a void pointer that can be retrieved via the function
+png_get_io_ptr().  For example:
+
+    png_set_read_fn(png_structp read_ptr,
+        voidp read_io_ptr, png_rw_ptr read_data_fn)
+
+    png_set_write_fn(png_structp write_ptr,
+        voidp write_io_ptr, png_rw_ptr write_data_fn,
+        png_flush_ptr output_flush_fn);
+
+    voidp read_io_ptr = png_get_io_ptr(read_ptr);
+    voidp write_io_ptr = png_get_io_ptr(write_ptr);
+
+The replacement I/O functions must have prototypes as follows:
+
+    void user_read_data(png_structp png_ptr,
+        png_bytep data, size_t length);
+
+    void user_write_data(png_structp png_ptr,
+        png_bytep data, size_t length);
+
+    void user_flush_data(png_structp png_ptr);
+
+The user_read_data() function is responsible for detecting and
+handling end-of-data errors.
+
+Supplying NULL for the read, write, or flush functions sets them back
+to using the default C stream functions, which expect the io_ptr to
+point to a standard *FILE structure.  It is probably a mistake
+to use NULL for one of write_data_fn and output_flush_fn but not both
+of them, unless you have built libpng with PNG_NO_WRITE_FLUSH defined.
+It is an error to read from a write stream, and vice versa.
+
+Error handling in libpng is done through png_error() and png_warning().
+Errors handled through png_error() are fatal, meaning that png_error()
+should never return to its caller.  Currently, this is handled via
+setjmp() and longjmp() (unless you have compiled libpng with
+PNG_NO_SETJMP, in which case it is handled via PNG_ABORT()),
+but you could change this to do things like exit() if you should wish,
+as long as your function does not return.
+
+On non-fatal errors, png_warning() is called
+to print a warning message, and then control returns to the calling code.
+By default png_error() and png_warning() print a message on stderr via
+fprintf() unless the library is compiled with PNG_NO_CONSOLE_IO defined
+(because you don't want the messages) or PNG_NO_STDIO defined (because
+fprintf() isn't available).  If you wish to change the behavior of the error
+functions, you will need to set up your own message callbacks.  These
+functions are normally supplied at the time that the png_struct is created.
+It is also possible to redirect errors and warnings to your own replacement
+functions after png_create_*_struct() has been called by calling:
+
+    png_set_error_fn(png_structp png_ptr,
+        png_voidp error_ptr, png_error_ptr error_fn,
+        png_error_ptr warning_fn);
+
+If NULL is supplied for either error_fn or warning_fn, then the libpng
+default function will be used, calling fprintf() and/or longjmp() if a
+problem is encountered.  The replacement error functions should have
+parameters as follows:
+
+    void user_error_fn(png_structp png_ptr,
+        png_const_charp error_msg);
+
+    void user_warning_fn(png_structp png_ptr,
+        png_const_charp warning_msg);
+
+Then, within your user_error_fn or user_warning_fn, you can retrieve
+the error_ptr if you need it, by calling
+
+    png_voidp error_ptr = png_get_error_ptr(png_ptr);
+
+The motivation behind using setjmp() and longjmp() is the C++ throw and
+catch exception handling methods.  This makes the code much easier to write,
+as there is no need to check every return code of every function call.
+However, there are some uncertainties about the status of local variables
+after a longjmp, so the user may want to be careful about doing anything
+after setjmp returns non-zero besides returning itself.  Consult your
+compiler documentation for more details.  For an alternative approach, you
+may wish to use the "cexcept" facility (see https://cexcept.sourceforge.io/),
+which is illustrated in pngvalid.c and in contrib/visupng.
+
+Beginning in libpng-1.4.0, the png_set_benign_errors() API became available.
+You can use this to handle certain errors (normally handled as errors)
+as warnings.
+
+    png_set_benign_errors (png_ptr, int allowed);
+
+    allowed: 0: treat png_benign_error() as an error.
+             1: treat png_benign_error() as a warning.
+
+As of libpng-1.6.0, the default condition is to treat benign errors as
+warnings while reading and as errors while writing.
+
+Custom chunks
+
+If you need to read or write custom chunks, you may need to get deeper
+into the libpng code.  The library now has mechanisms for storing
+and writing chunks of unknown type; you can even declare callbacks
+for custom chunks.  However, this may not be good enough if the
+library code itself needs to know about interactions between your
+chunk and existing `intrinsic' chunks.
+
+If you need to write a new intrinsic chunk, first read the PNG
+specification. Acquire a first level of understanding of how it works.
+Pay particular attention to the sections that describe chunk names,
+and look at how other chunks were designed, so you can do things
+similarly.  Second, check out the sections of libpng that read and
+write chunks.  Try to find a chunk that is similar to yours and use
+it as a template.  More details can be found in the comments inside
+the code.  It is best to handle private or unknown chunks in a generic method,
+via callback functions, instead of by modifying libpng functions. This
+is illustrated in pngtest.c, which uses a callback function to handle a
+private "vpAg" chunk and the new "sTER" chunk, which are both unknown to
+libpng.
+
+If you wish to write your own transformation for the data, look through
+the part of the code that does the transformations, and check out some of
+the simpler ones to get an idea of how they work.  Try to find a similar
+transformation to the one you want to add and copy off of it.  More details
+can be found in the comments inside the code itself.
+
+Configuring for gui/windowing platforms:
+
+You will need to write new error and warning functions that use the GUI
+interface, as described previously, and set them to be the error and
+warning functions at the time that png_create_*_struct() is called,
+in order to have them available during the structure initialization.
+They can be changed later via png_set_error_fn().  On some compilers,
+you may also have to change the memory allocators (png_malloc, etc.).
+
+Configuring zlib:
+
+There are special functions to configure the compression.  Perhaps the
+most useful one changes the compression level, which currently uses
+input compression values in the range 0 - 9.  The library normally
+uses the default compression level (Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION = 6).  Tests
+have shown that for a large majority of images, compression values in
+the range 3-6 compress nearly as well as higher levels, and do so much
+faster.  For online applications it may be desirable to have maximum speed
+(Z_BEST_SPEED = 1).  With versions of zlib after v0.99, you can also
+specify no compression (Z_NO_COMPRESSION = 0), but this would create
+files larger than just storing the raw bitmap.  You can specify the
+compression level by calling:
+
+    #include zlib.h
+    png_set_compression_level(png_ptr, level);
+
+Another useful one is to reduce the memory level used by the library.
+The memory level defaults to 8, but it can be lowered if you are
+short on memory (running DOS, for example, where you only have 640K).
+Note that the memory level does have an effect on compression; among
+other things, lower levels will result in sections of incompressible
+data being emitted in smaller stored blocks, with a correspondingly
+larger relative overhead of up to 15% in the worst case.
+
+    #include zlib.h
+    png_set_compression_mem_level(png_ptr, level);
+
+The other functions are for configuring zlib.  They are not recommended
+for normal use and may result in writing an invalid PNG file.  See
+zlib.h for more information on what these mean.
+
+    #include zlib.h
+    png_set_compression_strategy(png_ptr,
+        strategy);
+
+    png_set_compression_window_bits(png_ptr,
+        window_bits);
+
+    png_set_compression_method(png_ptr, method);
+
+This controls the size of the IDAT chunks (default 8192):
+
+    png_set_compression_buffer_size(png_ptr, size);
+
+As of libpng version 1.5.4, additional APIs became
+available to set these separately for non-IDAT
+compressed chunks such as zTXt, iTXt, and iCCP:
+
+    #include zlib.h
+    #if PNG_LIBPNG_VER >= 10504
+    png_set_text_compression_level(png_ptr, level);
+
+    png_set_text_compression_mem_level(png_ptr, level);
+
+    png_set_text_compression_strategy(png_ptr,
+        strategy);
+
+    png_set_text_compression_window_bits(png_ptr,
+        window_bits);
+
+    png_set_text_compression_method(png_ptr, method);
+    #endif
+
+Controlling row filtering
+
+If you want to control whether libpng uses filtering or not, which
+filters are used, and how it goes about picking row filters, you
+can call one of these functions.  The selection and configuration
+of row filters can have a significant impact on the size and
+encoding speed and a somewhat lesser impact on the decoding speed
+of an image.  Filtering is enabled by default for RGB and grayscale
+images (with and without alpha), but not for paletted images nor
+for any images with bit depths less than 8 bits/pixel.
+
+The 'method' parameter sets the main filtering method, which is
+currently only '0' in the PNG 1.2 specification.  The 'filters'
+parameter sets which filter(s), if any, should be used for each
+scanline.  Possible values are PNG_ALL_FILTERS, PNG_NO_FILTERS,
+or PNG_FAST_FILTERS to turn filtering on and off, or to turn on
+just the fast-decoding subset of filters, respectively.
+
+Individual filter types are PNG_FILTER_NONE, PNG_FILTER_SUB,
+PNG_FILTER_UP, PNG_FILTER_AVG, PNG_FILTER_PAETH, which can be bitwise
+ORed together with '|' to specify one or more filters to use.
+These filters are described in more detail in the PNG specification.
+If you intend to change the filter type during the course of writing
+the image, you should start with flags set for all of the filters
+you intend to use so that libpng can initialize its internal
+structures appropriately for all of the filter types.  (Note that this
+means the first row must always be adaptively filtered, because libpng
+currently does not allocate the filter buffers until png_write_row()
+is called for the first time.)
+
+    filters = PNG_NO_FILTERS;
+    filters = PNG_ALL_FILTERS;
+    filters = PNG_FAST_FILTERS;
+
+    or
+
+    filters = PNG_FILTER_NONE | PNG_FILTER_SUB |
+              PNG_FILTER_UP | PNG_FILTER_AVG |
+              PNG_FILTER_PAETH;
+
+    png_set_filter(png_ptr, PNG_FILTER_TYPE_BASE,
+       filters);
+
+              The second parameter can also be
+              PNG_INTRAPIXEL_DIFFERENCING if you are
+              writing a PNG to be embedded in a MNG
+              datastream.  This parameter must be the
+              same as the value of filter_method used
+              in png_set_IHDR().
+
+Requesting debug printout
+
+The macro definition PNG_DEBUG can be used to request debugging
+printout.  Set it to an integer value in the range 0 to 3.  Higher
+numbers result in increasing amounts of debugging information.  The
+information is printed to the "stderr" file, unless another file
+name is specified in the PNG_DEBUG_FILE macro definition.
+
+When PNG_DEBUG > 0, the following functions (macros) become available:
+
+   png_debug(level, message)
+   png_debug1(level, message, p1)
+   png_debug2(level, message, p1, p2)
+
+in which "level" is compared to PNG_DEBUG to decide whether to print
+the message, "message" is the formatted string to be printed,
+and p1 and p2 are parameters that are to be embedded in the string
+according to printf-style formatting directives.  For example,
+
+   png_debug1(2, "foo=%d", foo);
+
+is expanded to
+
+   if (PNG_DEBUG > 2)
+      fprintf(PNG_DEBUG_FILE, "foo=%d\n", foo);
+
+When PNG_DEBUG is defined but is zero, the macros aren't defined, but you
+can still use PNG_DEBUG to control your own debugging:
+
+   #ifdef PNG_DEBUG
+       fprintf(stderr, ...
+   #endif
+
+When PNG_DEBUG = 1, the macros are defined, but only png_debug statements
+having level = 0 will be printed.  There aren't any such statements in
+this version of libpng, but if you insert some they will be printed.
+
+VII. MNG support
+
+The MNG specification (available at http://www.libpng.org/pub/mng) allows
+certain extensions to PNG for PNG images that are embedded in MNG datastreams.
+Libpng can support some of these extensions.  To enable them, use the
+png_permit_mng_features() function:
+
+   feature_set = png_permit_mng_features(png_ptr, mask)
+
+   mask is a png_uint_32 containing the bitwise OR of the
+        features you want to enable.  These include
+        PNG_FLAG_MNG_EMPTY_PLTE
+        PNG_FLAG_MNG_FILTER_64
+        PNG_ALL_MNG_FEATURES
+
+   feature_set is a png_uint_32 that is the bitwise AND of
+      your mask with the set of MNG features that is
+      supported by the version of libpng that you are using.
+
+It is an error to use this function when reading or writing a standalone
+PNG file with the PNG 8-byte signature.  The PNG datastream must be wrapped
+in a MNG datastream.  As a minimum, it must have the MNG 8-byte signature
+and the MHDR and MEND chunks.  Libpng does not provide support for these
+or any other MNG chunks; your application must provide its own support for
+them.  You may wish to consider using libmng (available at
+https://www.libmng.com/) instead.
+
+VIII. Changes to Libpng from version 0.88
+
+It should be noted that versions of libpng later than 0.96 are not
+distributed by the original libpng author, Guy Schalnat, nor by
+Andreas Dilger, who had taken over from Guy during 1996 and 1997, and
+distributed versions 0.89 through 0.96, but rather by another member
+of the original PNG Group, Glenn Randers-Pehrson.  Guy and Andreas are
+still alive and well, but they have moved on to other things.
+
+The old libpng functions png_read_init(), png_write_init(),
+png_info_init(), png_read_destroy(), and png_write_destroy() have been
+moved to PNG_INTERNAL in version 0.95 to discourage their use.  These
+functions will be removed from libpng version 1.4.0.
+
+The preferred method of creating and initializing the libpng structures is
+via the png_create_read_struct(), png_create_write_struct(), and
+png_create_info_struct() because they isolate the size of the structures
+from the application, allow version error checking, and also allow the
+use of custom error handling routines during the initialization, which
+the old functions do not.  The functions png_read_destroy() and
+png_write_destroy() do not actually free the memory that libpng
+allocated for these structs, but just reset the data structures, so they
+can be used instead of png_destroy_read_struct() and
+png_destroy_write_struct() if you feel there is too much system overhead
+allocating and freeing the png_struct for each image read.
+
+Setting the error callbacks via png_set_message_fn() before
+png_read_init() as was suggested in libpng-0.88 is no longer supported
+because this caused applications that do not use custom error functions
+to fail if the png_ptr was not initialized to zero.  It is still possible
+to set the error callbacks AFTER png_read_init(), or to change them with
+png_set_error_fn(), which is essentially the same function, but with a new
+name to force compilation errors with applications that try to use the old
+method.
+
+Support for the sCAL, iCCP, iTXt, and sPLT chunks was added at libpng-1.0.6;
+however, iTXt support was not enabled by default.
+
+Starting with version 1.0.7, you can find out which version of the library
+you are using at run-time:
+
+   png_uint_32 libpng_vn = png_access_version_number();
+
+The number libpng_vn is constructed from the major version, minor
+version with leading zero, and release number with leading zero,
+(e.g., libpng_vn for version 1.0.7 is 10007).
+
+Note that this function does not take a png_ptr, so you can call it
+before you've created one.
+
+You can also check which version of png.h you used when compiling your
+application:
+
+   png_uint_32 application_vn = PNG_LIBPNG_VER;
+
+IX. Changes to Libpng from version 1.0.x to 1.2.x
+
+Support for user memory management was enabled by default.  To
+accomplish this, the functions png_create_read_struct_2(),
+png_create_write_struct_2(), png_set_mem_fn(), png_get_mem_ptr(),
+png_malloc_default(), and png_free_default() were added.
+
+Support for the iTXt chunk has been enabled by default as of
+version 1.2.41.
+
+Support for certain MNG features was enabled.
+
+Support for numbered error messages was added.  However, we never got
+around to actually numbering the error messages.  The function
+png_set_strip_error_numbers() was added (Note: the prototype for this
+function was inadvertently removed from png.h in PNG_NO_ASSEMBLER_CODE
+builds of libpng-1.2.15.  It was restored in libpng-1.2.36).
+
+The png_malloc_warn() function was added at libpng-1.2.3.  This issues
+a png_warning and returns NULL instead of aborting when it fails to
+acquire the requested memory allocation.
+
+Support for setting user limits on image width and height was enabled
+by default.  The functions png_set_user_limits(), png_get_user_width_max(),
+and png_get_user_height_max() were added at libpng-1.2.6.
+
+The png_set_add_alpha() function was added at libpng-1.2.7.
+
+The function png_set_expand_gray_1_2_4_to_8() was added at libpng-1.2.9.
+Unlike png_set_gray_1_2_4_to_8(), the new function does not expand the
+tRNS chunk to alpha. The png_set_gray_1_2_4_to_8() function is
+deprecated.
+
+A number of macro definitions in support of runtime selection of
+assembler code features (especially Intel MMX code support) were
+added at libpng-1.2.0:
+
+    PNG_ASM_FLAG_MMX_SUPPORT_COMPILED
+    PNG_ASM_FLAG_MMX_SUPPORT_IN_CPU
+    PNG_ASM_FLAG_MMX_READ_COMBINE_ROW
+    PNG_ASM_FLAG_MMX_READ_INTERLACE
+    PNG_ASM_FLAG_MMX_READ_FILTER_SUB
+    PNG_ASM_FLAG_MMX_READ_FILTER_UP
+    PNG_ASM_FLAG_MMX_READ_FILTER_AVG
+    PNG_ASM_FLAG_MMX_READ_FILTER_PAETH
+    PNG_ASM_FLAGS_INITIALIZED
+    PNG_MMX_READ_FLAGS
+    PNG_MMX_FLAGS
+    PNG_MMX_WRITE_FLAGS
+    PNG_MMX_FLAGS
+
+We added the following functions in support of runtime
+selection of assembler code features:
+
+    png_get_mmx_flagmask()
+    png_set_mmx_thresholds()
+    png_get_asm_flags()
+    png_get_mmx_bitdepth_threshold()
+    png_get_mmx_rowbytes_threshold()
+    png_set_asm_flags()
+
+We replaced all of these functions with simple stubs in libpng-1.2.20,
+when the Intel assembler code was removed due to a licensing issue.
+
+These macros are deprecated:
+
+    PNG_READ_TRANSFORMS_NOT_SUPPORTED
+    PNG_PROGRESSIVE_READ_NOT_SUPPORTED
+    PNG_NO_SEQUENTIAL_READ_SUPPORTED
+    PNG_WRITE_TRANSFORMS_NOT_SUPPORTED
+    PNG_READ_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS_NOT_SUPPORTED
+    PNG_WRITE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS_NOT_SUPPORTED
+
+They have been replaced, respectively, by:
+
+    PNG_NO_READ_TRANSFORMS
+    PNG_NO_PROGRESSIVE_READ
+    PNG_NO_SEQUENTIAL_READ
+    PNG_NO_WRITE_TRANSFORMS
+    PNG_NO_READ_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+    PNG_NO_WRITE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+
+PNG_MAX_UINT was replaced with PNG_UINT_31_MAX.  It has been
+deprecated since libpng-1.0.16 and libpng-1.2.6.
+
+The function
+    png_check_sig(sig, num)
+was replaced with
+    !png_sig_cmp(sig, 0, num)
+It has been deprecated since libpng-0.90.
+
+The function
+    png_set_gray_1_2_4_to_8()
+which also expands tRNS to alpha was replaced with
+    png_set_expand_gray_1_2_4_to_8()
+which does not. It has been deprecated since libpng-1.0.18 and 1.2.9.
+
+X. Changes to Libpng from version 1.0.x/1.2.x to 1.4.x
+
+Private libpng prototypes and macro definitions were moved from
+png.h and pngconf.h into a new pngpriv.h header file.
+
+Functions png_set_benign_errors(), png_benign_error(), and
+png_chunk_benign_error() were added.
+
+Support for setting the maximum amount of memory that the application
+will allocate for reading chunks was added, as a security measure.
+The functions png_set_chunk_cache_max() and png_get_chunk_cache_max()
+were added to the library.
+
+We implemented support for I/O states by adding png_ptr member io_state
+and functions png_get_io_chunk_name() and png_get_io_state() in pngget.c
+
+We added PNG_TRANSFORM_GRAY_TO_RGB to the available high-level
+input transforms.
+
+Checking for and reporting of errors in the IHDR chunk is more thorough.
+
+Support for global arrays was removed, to improve thread safety.
+
+Some obsolete/deprecated macros and functions have been removed.
+
+Typecasted NULL definitions such as
+   #define png_voidp_NULL            (png_voidp)NULL
+were eliminated.  If you used these in your application, just use
+NULL instead.
+
+The png_struct and info_struct members "trans" and "trans_values" were
+changed to "trans_alpha" and "trans_color", respectively.
+
+The obsolete, unused pnggccrd.c and pngvcrd.c files and related makefiles
+were removed.
+
+The PNG_1_0_X and PNG_1_2_X macros were eliminated.
+
+The PNG_LEGACY_SUPPORTED macro was eliminated.
+
+Many WIN32_WCE #ifdefs were removed.
+
+The functions png_read_init(info_ptr), png_write_init(info_ptr),
+png_info_init(info_ptr), png_read_destroy(), and png_write_destroy()
+have been removed.  They have been deprecated since libpng-0.95.
+
+The png_permit_empty_plte() was removed. It has been deprecated
+since libpng-1.0.9.  Use png_permit_mng_features() instead.
+
+We removed the obsolete stub functions png_get_mmx_flagmask(),
+png_set_mmx_thresholds(), png_get_asm_flags(),
+png_get_mmx_bitdepth_threshold(), png_get_mmx_rowbytes_threshold(),
+png_set_asm_flags(), and png_mmx_supported()
+
+We removed the obsolete png_check_sig(), png_memcpy_check(), and
+png_memset_check() functions.  Instead use !png_sig_cmp(), memcpy(),
+and memset(), respectively.
+
+The function png_set_gray_1_2_4_to_8() was removed. It has been
+deprecated since libpng-1.0.18 and 1.2.9, when it was replaced with
+png_set_expand_gray_1_2_4_to_8() because the former function also
+expanded any tRNS chunk to an alpha channel.
+
+Macros for png_get_uint_16, png_get_uint_32, and png_get_int_32
+were added and are used by default instead of the corresponding
+functions. Unfortunately,
+from libpng-1.4.0 until 1.4.4, the png_get_uint_16 macro (but not the
+function) incorrectly returned a value of type png_uint_32.
+
+We changed the prototype for png_malloc() from
+    png_malloc(png_structp png_ptr, png_uint_32 size)
+to
+    png_malloc(png_structp png_ptr, png_alloc_size_t size)
+
+This also applies to the prototype for the user replacement malloc_fn().
+
+The png_calloc() function was added and is used in place of
+of "png_malloc(); memset();" except in the case in png_read_png()
+where the array consists of pointers; in this case a "for" loop is used
+after the png_malloc() to set the pointers to NULL, to give robust.
+behavior in case the application runs out of memory part-way through
+the process.
+
+We changed the prototypes of png_get_compression_buffer_size() and
+png_set_compression_buffer_size() to work with size_t instead of
+png_uint_32.
+
+Support for numbered error messages was removed by default, since we
+never got around to actually numbering the error messages. The function
+png_set_strip_error_numbers() was removed from the library by default.
+
+The png_zalloc() and png_zfree() functions are no longer exported.
+The png_zalloc() function no longer zeroes out the memory that it
+allocates.  Applications that called png_zalloc(png_ptr, number, size)
+can call png_calloc(png_ptr, number*size) instead, and can call
+png_free() instead of png_zfree().
+
+Support for dithering was disabled by default in libpng-1.4.0, because
+it has not been well tested and doesn't actually "dither".
+The code was not
+removed, however, and could be enabled by building libpng with
+PNG_READ_DITHER_SUPPORTED defined.  In libpng-1.4.2, this support
+was re-enabled, but the function was renamed png_set_quantize() to
+reflect more accurately what it actually does.  At the same time,
+the PNG_DITHER_[RED,GREEN_BLUE]_BITS macros were also renamed to
+PNG_QUANTIZE_[RED,GREEN,BLUE]_BITS, and PNG_READ_DITHER_SUPPORTED
+was renamed to PNG_READ_QUANTIZE_SUPPORTED.
+
+We removed the trailing '.' from the warning and error messages.
+
+XI. Changes to Libpng from version 1.4.x to 1.5.x
+
+From libpng-1.4.0 until 1.4.4, the png_get_uint_16 macro (but not the
+function) incorrectly returned a value of type png_uint_32.
+The incorrect macro was removed from libpng-1.4.5.
+
+Checking for invalid palette index on write was added at libpng
+1.5.10.  If a pixel contains an invalid (out-of-range) index libpng issues
+a benign error.  This is enabled by default because this condition is an
+error according to the PNG specification, Clause 11.3.2, but the error can
+be ignored in each png_ptr with
+
+   png_set_check_for_invalid_index(png_ptr, allowed);
+
+      allowed  - one of
+                 0: disable benign error (accept the
+                    invalid data without warning).
+                 1: enable benign error (treat the
+                    invalid data as an error or a
+                    warning).
+
+If the error is ignored, or if png_benign_error() treats it as a warning,
+any invalid pixels are decoded as opaque black by the decoder and written
+as-is by the encoder.
+
+Retrieving the maximum palette index found was added at libpng-1.5.15.
+This statement must appear after png_read_png() or png_read_image() while
+reading, and after png_write_png() or png_write_image() while writing.
+
+   int max_palette = png_get_palette_max(png_ptr, info_ptr);
+
+This will return the maximum palette index found in the image, or "-1" if
+the palette was not checked, or "0" if no palette was found.  Note that this
+does not account for any palette index used by ancillary chunks such as the
+bKGD chunk; you must check those separately to determine the maximum
+palette index actually used.
+
+There are no substantial API changes between the non-deprecated parts of
+the 1.4.5 API and the 1.5.0 API; however, the ability to directly access
+members of the main libpng control structures, png_struct and png_info,
+deprecated in earlier versions of libpng, has been completely removed from
+libpng 1.5, and new private "pngstruct.h", "pnginfo.h", and "pngdebug.h"
+header files were created.
+
+We no longer include zlib.h in png.h.  The include statement has been moved
+to pngstruct.h, where it is not accessible by applications. Applications that
+need access to information in zlib.h will need to add the '#include "zlib.h"'
+directive.  It does not matter whether this is placed prior to or after
+the '"#include png.h"' directive.
+
+The png_sprintf(), png_strcpy(), and png_strncpy() macros are no longer used
+and were removed.
+
+We moved the png_strlen(), png_memcpy(), png_memset(), and png_memcmp()
+macros into a private header file (pngpriv.h) that is not accessible to
+applications.
+
+In png_get_iCCP, the type of "profile" was changed from png_charpp
+to png_bytepp, and in png_set_iCCP, from png_charp to png_const_bytep.
+
+There are changes of form in png.h, including new and changed macros to
+declare parts of the API.  Some API functions with arguments that are
+pointers to data not modified within the function have been corrected to
+declare these arguments with const.
+
+Much of the internal use of C macros to control the library build has also
+changed and some of this is visible in the exported header files, in
+particular the use of macros to control data and API elements visible
+during application compilation may require significant revision to
+application code.  (It is extremely rare for an application to do this.)
+
+Any program that compiled against libpng 1.4 and did not use deprecated
+features or access internal library structures should compile and work
+against libpng 1.5, except for the change in the prototype for
+png_get_iCCP() and png_set_iCCP() API functions mentioned above.
+
+libpng 1.5.0 adds PNG_ PASS macros to help in the reading and writing of
+interlaced images.  The macros return the number of rows and columns in
+each pass and information that can be used to de-interlace and (if
+absolutely necessary) interlace an image.
+
+libpng 1.5.0 adds an API png_longjmp(png_ptr, value).  This API calls
+the application-provided png_longjmp_ptr on the internal, but application
+initialized, longjmp buffer.  It is provided as a convenience to avoid
+the need to use the png_jmpbuf macro, which had the unnecessary side
+effect of resetting the internal png_longjmp_ptr value.
+
+libpng 1.5.0 includes a complete fixed point API.  By default this is
+present along with the corresponding floating point API.  In general the
+fixed point API is faster and smaller than the floating point one because
+the PNG file format used fixed point, not floating point.  This applies
+even if the library uses floating point in internal calculations.  A new
+macro, PNG_FLOATING_ARITHMETIC_SUPPORTED, reveals whether the library
+uses floating point arithmetic (the default) or fixed point arithmetic
+internally for performance critical calculations such as gamma correction.
+In some cases, the gamma calculations may produce slightly different
+results.  This has changed the results in png_rgb_to_gray and in alpha
+composition (png_set_background for example). This applies even if the
+original image was already linear (gamma == 1.0) and, therefore, it is
+not necessary to linearize the image.  This is because libpng has *not*
+been changed to optimize that case correctly, yet.
+
+Fixed point support for the sCAL chunk comes with an important caveat;
+the sCAL specification uses a decimal encoding of floating point values
+and the accuracy of PNG fixed point values is insufficient for
+representation of these values. Consequently a "string" API
+(png_get_sCAL_s and png_set_sCAL_s) is the only reliable way of reading
+arbitrary sCAL chunks in the absence of either the floating point API or
+internal floating point calculations.  Starting with libpng-1.5.0, both
+of these functions are present when PNG_sCAL_SUPPORTED is defined.  Prior
+to libpng-1.5.0, their presence also depended upon PNG_FIXED_POINT_SUPPORTED
+being defined and PNG_FLOATING_POINT_SUPPORTED not being defined.
+
+Applications no longer need to include the optional distribution header
+file pngusr.h or define the corresponding macros during application
+build in order to see the correct variant of the libpng API.  From 1.5.0
+application code can check for the corresponding _SUPPORTED macro:
+
+#ifdef PNG_INCH_CONVERSIONS_SUPPORTED
+   /* code that uses the inch conversion APIs. */
+#endif
+
+This macro will only be defined if the inch conversion functions have been
+compiled into libpng.  The full set of macros, and whether or not support
+has been compiled in, are available in the header file pnglibconf.h.
+This header file is specific to the libpng build.  Notice that prior to
+1.5.0 the _SUPPORTED macros would always have the default definition unless
+reset by pngusr.h or by explicit settings on the compiler command line.
+These settings may produce compiler warnings or errors in 1.5.0 because
+of macro redefinition.
+
+Applications can now choose whether to use these macros or to call the
+corresponding function by defining PNG_USE_READ_MACROS or
+PNG_NO_USE_READ_MACROS before including png.h.  Notice that this is
+only supported from 1.5.0; defining PNG_NO_USE_READ_MACROS prior to 1.5.0
+will lead to a link failure.
+
+Prior to libpng-1.5.4, the zlib compressor used the same set of parameters
+when compressing the IDAT data and textual data such as zTXt and iCCP.
+In libpng-1.5.4 we reinitialized the zlib stream for each type of data.
+We added five png_set_text_*() functions for setting the parameters to
+use with textual data.
+
+Prior to libpng-1.5.4, the PNG_READ_16_TO_8_ACCURATE_SCALE_SUPPORTED
+option was off by default, and slightly inaccurate scaling occurred.
+This option can no longer be turned off, and the choice of accurate
+or inaccurate 16-to-8 scaling is by using the new png_set_scale_16_to_8()
+API for accurate scaling or the old png_set_strip_16_to_8() API for simple
+chopping.  In libpng-1.5.4, the PNG_READ_16_TO_8_ACCURATE_SCALE_SUPPORTED
+macro became PNG_READ_SCALE_16_TO_8_SUPPORTED, and the PNG_READ_16_TO_8
+macro became PNG_READ_STRIP_16_TO_8_SUPPORTED, to enable the two
+png_set_*_16_to_8() functions separately.
+
+Prior to libpng-1.5.4, the png_set_user_limits() function could only be
+used to reduce the width and height limits from the value of
+PNG_USER_WIDTH_MAX and PNG_USER_HEIGHT_MAX, although this document said
+that it could be used to override them.  Now this function will reduce or
+increase the limits.
+
+Starting in libpng-1.5.22, default user limits were established. These
+can be overridden by application calls to png_set_user_limits(),
+png_set_user_chunk_cache_max(), and/or png_set_user_malloc_max().
+The limits are now
+                             max possible  default
+   png_user_width_max        0x7fffffff    1,000,000
+   png_user_height_max       0x7fffffff    1,000,000
+   png_user_chunk_cache_max  0 (unlimited) 1000
+   png_user_chunk_malloc_max 0 (unlimited) 8,000,000
+
+The png_set_option() function (and the "options" member of the png struct) was
+added to libpng-1.5.15, with option PNG_ARM_NEON.
+
+The library now supports a complete fixed point implementation and can
+thus be used on systems that have no floating point support or very
+limited or slow support.  Previously gamma correction, an essential part
+of complete PNG support, required reasonably fast floating point.
+
+As part of this the choice of internal implementation has been made
+independent of the choice of fixed versus floating point APIs and all the
+missing fixed point APIs have been implemented.
+
+The exact mechanism used to control attributes of API functions has
+changed, as described in the INSTALL file.
+
+A new test program, pngvalid, is provided in addition to pngtest.
+pngvalid validates the arithmetic accuracy of the gamma correction
+calculations and includes a number of validations of the file format.
+A subset of the full range of tests is run when "make check" is done
+(in the 'configure' build.)  pngvalid also allows total allocated memory
+usage to be evaluated and performs additional memory overwrite validation.
+
+Many changes to individual feature macros have been made. The following
+are the changes most likely to be noticed by library builders who
+configure libpng:
+
+1) All feature macros now have consistent naming:
+
+#define PNG_NO_feature turns the feature off
+#define PNG_feature_SUPPORTED turns the feature on
+
+pnglibconf.h contains one line for each feature macro which is either:
+
+#define PNG_feature_SUPPORTED
+
+if the feature is supported or:
+
+/*#undef PNG_feature_SUPPORTED*/
+
+if it is not.  Library code consistently checks for the 'SUPPORTED' macro.
+It does not, and libpng applications should not, check for the 'NO' macro
+which will not normally be defined even if the feature is not supported.
+The 'NO' macros are only used internally for setting or not setting the
+corresponding 'SUPPORTED' macros.
+
+Compatibility with the old names is provided as follows:
+
+PNG_INCH_CONVERSIONS turns on PNG_INCH_CONVERSIONS_SUPPORTED
+
+And the following definitions disable the corresponding feature:
+
+PNG_SETJMP_NOT_SUPPORTED disables SETJMP
+PNG_READ_TRANSFORMS_NOT_SUPPORTED disables READ_TRANSFORMS
+PNG_NO_READ_COMPOSITED_NODIV disables READ_COMPOSITE_NODIV
+PNG_WRITE_TRANSFORMS_NOT_SUPPORTED disables WRITE_TRANSFORMS
+PNG_READ_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS_NOT_SUPPORTED disables READ_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+PNG_WRITE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS_NOT_SUPPORTED disables WRITE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+
+Library builders should remove use of the above, inconsistent, names.
+
+2) Warning and error message formatting was previously conditional on
+the STDIO feature. The library has been changed to use the
+CONSOLE_IO feature instead. This means that if CONSOLE_IO is disabled
+the library no longer uses the printf(3) functions, even though the
+default read/write implementations use (FILE) style stdio.h functions.
+
+3) Three feature macros now control the fixed/floating point decisions:
+
+PNG_FLOATING_POINT_SUPPORTED enables the floating point APIs
+
+PNG_FIXED_POINT_SUPPORTED enables the fixed point APIs; however, in
+practice these are normally required internally anyway (because the PNG
+file format is fixed point), therefore in most cases PNG_NO_FIXED_POINT
+merely stops the function from being exported.
+
+PNG_FLOATING_ARITHMETIC_SUPPORTED chooses between the internal floating
+point implementation or the fixed point one.  Typically the fixed point
+implementation is larger and slower than the floating point implementation
+on a system that supports floating point; however, it may be faster on a
+system which lacks floating point hardware and therefore uses a software
+emulation.
+
+4) Added PNG_{READ,WRITE}_INT_FUNCTIONS_SUPPORTED.  This allows the
+functions to read and write ints to be disabled independently of
+PNG_USE_READ_MACROS, which allows libpng to be built with the functions
+even though the default is to use the macros - this allows applications
+to choose at app buildtime whether or not to use macros (previously
+impossible because the functions weren't in the default build.)
+
+XII. Changes to Libpng from version 1.5.x to 1.6.x
+
+A "simplified API" has been added (see documentation in png.h and a simple
+example in contrib/examples/pngtopng.c).  The new publicly visible API
+includes the following:
+
+   macros:
+     PNG_FORMAT_*
+     PNG_IMAGE_*
+   structures:
+     png_control
+     png_image
+   read functions
+     png_image_begin_read_from_file()
+     png_image_begin_read_from_stdio()
+     png_image_begin_read_from_memory()
+     png_image_finish_read()
+     png_image_free()
+   write functions
+     png_image_write_to_file()
+     png_image_write_to_memory()
+     png_image_write_to_stdio()
+
+Starting with libpng-1.6.0, you can configure libpng to prefix all exported
+symbols, using the PNG_PREFIX macro.
+
+We no longer include string.h in png.h.  The include statement has been moved
+to pngpriv.h, where it is not accessible by applications.  Applications that
+need access to information in string.h must add an '#include <string.h>'
+directive.  It does not matter whether this is placed prior to or after
+the '#include "png.h"' directive.
+
+The following API are now DEPRECATED:
+   png_info_init_3()
+   png_convert_to_rfc1123() which has been replaced
+     with png_convert_to_rfc1123_buffer()
+   png_malloc_default()
+   png_free_default()
+   png_reset_zstream()
+
+The following have been removed:
+   png_get_io_chunk_name(), which has been replaced
+     with png_get_io_chunk_type().  The new
+     function returns a 32-bit integer instead of
+     a string.
+   The png_sizeof(), png_strlen(), png_memcpy(), png_memcmp(), and
+     png_memset() macros are no longer used in the libpng sources and
+     have been removed.  These had already been made invisible to applications
+     (i.e., defined in the private pngpriv.h header file) since libpng-1.5.0.
+
+The signatures of many exported functions were changed, such that
+   png_structp became png_structrp or png_const_structrp
+   png_infop became png_inforp or png_const_inforp
+where "rp" indicates a "restricted pointer".
+
+Dropped support for 16-bit platforms. The support for FAR/far types has
+been eliminated and the definition of png_alloc_size_t is now controlled
+by a flag so that 'small size_t' systems can select it if necessary.
+
+Error detection in some chunks has improved; in particular the iCCP chunk
+reader now does pretty complete validation of the basic format.  Some bad
+profiles that were previously accepted are now accepted with a warning or
+rejected, depending upon the png_set_benign_errors() setting, in particular
+the very old broken Microsoft/HP 3144-byte sRGB profile.  Starting with
+libpng-1.6.11, recognizing and checking sRGB profiles can be avoided by
+means of
+
+    #if defined(PNG_SKIP_sRGB_CHECK_PROFILE) && \
+        defined(PNG_SET_OPTION_SUPPORTED)
+       png_set_option(png_ptr, PNG_SKIP_sRGB_CHECK_PROFILE,
+           PNG_OPTION_ON);
+    #endif
+
+It's not a good idea to do this if you are using the "simplified API",
+which needs to be able to recognize sRGB profiles conveyed via the iCCP
+chunk.
+
+The PNG spec requirement that only grayscale profiles may appear in images
+with color type 0 or 4 and that even if the image only contains gray pixels,
+only RGB profiles may appear in images with color type 2, 3, or 6, is now
+enforced.  The sRGB chunk is allowed to appear in images with any color type
+and is interpreted by libpng to convey a one-tracer-curve gray profile or a
+three-tracer-curve RGB profile as appropriate.
+
+Libpng 1.5.x erroneously used /MD for Debug DLL builds; if you used the debug
+builds in your app and you changed your app to use /MD you will need to
+change it back to /MDd for libpng 1.6.x.
+
+Prior to libpng-1.6.0 a warning would be issued if the iTXt chunk contained
+an empty language field or an empty translated keyword.  Both of these
+are allowed by the PNG specification, so these warnings are no longer issued.
+
+The library now issues an error if the application attempts to set a
+transform after it calls png_read_update_info() or if it attempts to call
+both png_read_update_info() and png_start_read_image() or to call either
+of them more than once.
+
+The default condition for benign_errors is now to treat benign errors as
+warnings while reading and as errors while writing.
+
+The library now issues a warning if both background processing and RGB to
+gray are used when gamma correction happens. As with previous versions of
+the library the results are numerically very incorrect in this case.
+
+There are some minor arithmetic changes in some transforms such as
+png_set_background(), that might be detected by certain regression tests.
+
+Unknown chunk handling has been improved internally, without any API change.
+This adds more correct option control of the unknown handling, corrects
+a pre-existing bug where the per-chunk 'keep' setting is ignored, and makes
+it possible to skip IDAT chunks in the sequential reader.
+
+The machine-generated configure files are no longer included in branches
+libpng16 and later of the GIT repository.  They continue to be included
+in the tarball releases, however.
+
+Libpng-1.6.0 through 1.6.2 used the CMF bytes at the beginning of the IDAT
+stream to set the size of the sliding window for reading instead of using the
+default 32-kbyte sliding window size.  It was discovered that there are
+hundreds of PNG files in the wild that have incorrect CMF bytes that caused
+zlib to issue the "invalid distance too far back" error and reject the file.
+Libpng-1.6.3 and later calculate their own safe CMF from the image dimensions,
+provide a way to revert to the libpng-1.5.x behavior (ignoring the CMF bytes
+and using a 32-kbyte sliding window), by using
+
+    png_set_option(png_ptr, PNG_MAXIMUM_INFLATE_WINDOW,
+        PNG_OPTION_ON);
+
+and provide a tool (contrib/tools/pngfix) for rewriting a PNG file while
+optimizing the CMF bytes in its IDAT chunk correctly.
+
+Libpng-1.6.0 and libpng-1.6.1 wrote uncompressed iTXt chunks with the wrong
+length, which resulted in PNG files that cannot be read beyond the bad iTXt
+chunk.  This error was fixed in libpng-1.6.3, and a tool (called
+contrib/tools/png-fix-itxt) has been added to the libpng distribution.
+
+Starting with libpng-1.6.17, the PNG_SAFE_LIMITS macro was eliminated
+and safe limits are used by default (users who need larger limits
+can still override them at compile time or run time, as described above).
+
+The new limits are
+                                default   spec limit
+   png_user_width_max         1,000,000  2,147,483,647
+   png_user_height_max        1,000,000  2,147,483,647
+   png_user_chunk_cache_max         128  unlimited
+   png_user_chunk_malloc_max  8,000,000  unlimited
+
+Starting with libpng-1.6.18, a PNG_RELEASE_BUILD macro was added, which allows
+library builders to control compilation for an installed system (a release build).
+It can be set for testing debug or beta builds to ensure that they will compile
+when the build type is switched to RC or STABLE. In essence this overrides the
+PNG_LIBPNG_BUILD_BASE_TYPE definition which is not directly user controllable.
+
+Starting with libpng-1.6.19, attempting to set an over-length PLTE chunk
+is an error. Previously this requirement of the PNG specification was not
+enforced, and the palette was always limited to 256 entries. An over-length
+PLTE chunk found in an input PNG is silently truncated.
+
+Starting with libpng-1.6.31, the eXIf chunk is supported. Libpng does not
+attempt to decode the Exif profile; it simply returns a byte array
+containing the profile to the calling application which must do its own
+decoding.
+
+XIII. Detecting libpng
+
+The png_get_io_ptr() function has been present since libpng-0.88, has never
+changed, and is unaffected by conditional compilation macros.  It is the
+best choice for use in configure scripts for detecting the presence of any
+libpng version since 0.88.  In an autoconf "configure.in" you could use
+
+    AC_CHECK_LIB(png, png_get_io_ptr, ...
+
+XV. Source code repository
+
+Since about February 2009, version 1.2.34, libpng has been under "git" source
+control.  The git repository was built from old libpng-x.y.z.tar.gz files
+going back to version 0.70.  You can access the git repository (read only)
+at
+
+    https://github.com/glennrp/libpng or
+    https://git.code.sf.net/p/libpng/code.git
+
+or you can browse it with a web browser at
+
+    https://github.com/glennrp/libpng or
+    https://sourceforge.net/p/libpng/code/ci/libpng16/tree/
+
+Patches can be sent to png-mng-implement at lists.sourceforge.net or
+uploaded to the libpng bug tracker at
+
+    https://libpng.sourceforge.io/
+
+or as a "pull request" to
+
+    https://github.com/glennrp/libpng/pulls
+
+We also accept patches built from the tar or zip distributions, and
+simple verbal descriptions of bug fixes, reported either to the
+SourceForge bug tracker, to the png-mng-implement at lists.sf.net
+mailing list, as github issues.
+
+XV. Coding style
+
+Our coding style is similar to the "Allman" style
+(See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indent_style#Allman_style), with curly
+braces on separate lines:
+
+    if (condition)
+    {
+       action;
+    }
+
+    else if (another condition)
+    {
+       another action;
+    }
+
+The braces can be omitted from simple one-line actions:
+
+    if (condition)
+       return 0;
+
+We use 3-space indentation, except for continued statements which
+are usually indented the same as the first line of the statement
+plus four more spaces.
+
+For macro definitions we use 2-space indentation, always leaving the "#"
+in the first column.
+
+    #ifndef PNG_NO_FEATURE
+    #  ifndef PNG_FEATURE_SUPPORTED
+    #    define PNG_FEATURE_SUPPORTED
+    #  endif
+    #endif
+
+Comments appear with the leading "/*" at the same indentation as
+the statement that follows the comment:
+
+    /* Single-line comment */
+    statement;
+
+    /* This is a multiple-line
+     * comment.
+     */
+    statement;
+
+Very short comments can be placed after the end of the statement
+to which they pertain:
+
+    statement;    /* comment */
+
+We don't use C++ style ("//") comments. We have, however,
+used them in the past in some now-abandoned MMX assembler
+code.
+
+Functions and their curly braces are not indented, and
+exported functions are marked with PNGAPI:
+
+ /* This is a public function that is visible to
+  * application programmers. It does thus-and-so.
+  */
+ void PNGAPI
+ png_exported_function(png_ptr, png_info, foo)
+ {
+    body;
+ }
+
+The return type and decorations are placed on a separate line
+ahead of the function name, as illustrated above.
+
+The prototypes for all exported functions appear in png.h,
+above the comment that says
+
+    /* Maintainer: Put new public prototypes here ... */
+
+We mark all non-exported functions with "/* PRIVATE */"":
+
+ void /* PRIVATE */
+ png_non_exported_function(png_ptr, png_info, foo)
+ {
+    body;
+ }
+
+The prototypes for non-exported functions (except for those in
+pngtest) appear in pngpriv.h above the comment that says
+
+  /* Maintainer: Put new private prototypes here ^ */
+
+To avoid polluting the global namespace, the names of all exported
+functions and variables begin with "png_", and all publicly visible C
+preprocessor macros begin with "PNG".  We request that applications that
+use libpng *not* begin any of their own symbols with either of these strings.
+
+We put a space after the "sizeof" operator and we omit the
+optional parentheses around its argument when the argument
+is an expression, not a type name, and we always enclose the
+sizeof operator, with its argument, in parentheses:
+
+  (sizeof (png_uint_32))
+  (sizeof array)
+
+Prior to libpng-1.6.0 we used a "png_sizeof()" macro, formatted as
+though it were a function.
+
+Control keywords if, for, while, and switch are always followed by a space
+to distinguish them from function calls, which have no trailing space.
+
+We put a space after each comma and after each semicolon
+in "for" statements, and we put spaces before and after each
+C binary operator and after "for" or "while", and before
+"?".  We don't put a space between a typecast and the expression
+being cast, nor do we put one between a function name and the
+left parenthesis that follows it:
+
+    for (i = 2; i > 0; --i)
+       y[i] = a(x) + (int)b;
+
+We prefer #ifdef and #ifndef to #if defined() and #if !defined()
+when there is only one macro being tested.  We always use parentheses
+with "defined".
+
+We express integer constants that are used as bit masks in hex format,
+with an even number of lower-case hex digits, and to make them unsigned
+(e.g., 0x00U, 0xffU, 0x0100U) and long if they are greater than 0x7fff
+(e.g., 0xffffUL).
+
+We prefer to use underscores rather than camelCase in names, except
+for a few type names that we inherit from zlib.h.
+
+We prefer "if (something != 0)" and "if (something == 0)" over
+"if (something)" and if "(!something)", respectively, and for pointers
+we prefer "if (some_pointer != NULL)" or "if (some_pointer == NULL)".
+
+We do not use the TAB character for indentation in the C sources.
+
+Lines do not exceed 80 characters.
+
+Other rules can be inferred by inspecting the libpng source.