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diff --git a/intl/icu/source/i18n/unicode/selfmt.h b/intl/icu/source/i18n/unicode/selfmt.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9b98f6db7a --- /dev/null +++ b/intl/icu/source/i18n/unicode/selfmt.h @@ -0,0 +1,374 @@ +// © 2016 and later: Unicode, Inc. and others. +// License & terms of use: http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html +/******************************************************************** + * COPYRIGHT: + * Copyright (c) 1997-2011, International Business Machines Corporation and + * others. All Rights Reserved. + * Copyright (C) 2010 , Yahoo! Inc. + ******************************************************************** + * + * File SELFMT.H + * + * Modification History: + * + * Date Name Description + * 11/11/09 kirtig Finished first cut of implementation. + ********************************************************************/ + +#ifndef SELFMT +#define SELFMT + +#include "unicode/utypes.h" + +#if U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_API + +#include "unicode/messagepattern.h" +#include "unicode/numfmt.h" + +/** + * \file + * \brief C++ API: SelectFormat object + */ + +#if !UCONFIG_NO_FORMATTING + +U_NAMESPACE_BEGIN + +class MessageFormat; + +/** + * <p><code>SelectFormat</code> supports the creation of internationalized + * messages by selecting phrases based on keywords. The pattern specifies + * how to map keywords to phrases and provides a default phrase. The + * object provided to the format method is a string that's matched + * against the keywords. If there is a match, the corresponding phrase + * is selected; otherwise, the default phrase is used.</p> + * + * <h4>Using <code>SelectFormat</code> for Gender Agreement</h4> + * + * <p>Note: Typically, select formatting is done via <code>MessageFormat</code> + * with a <code>select</code> argument type, + * rather than using a stand-alone <code>SelectFormat</code>.</p> + * + * <p>The main use case for the select format is gender based inflection. + * When names or nouns are inserted into sentences, their gender can affect pronouns, + * verb forms, articles, and adjectives. Special care needs to be + * taken for the case where the gender cannot be determined. + * The impact varies between languages:</p> + * \htmlonly + * <ul> + * <li>English has three genders, and unknown gender is handled as a special + * case. Names use the gender of the named person (if known), nouns referring + * to people use natural gender, and inanimate objects are usually neutral. + * The gender only affects pronouns: "he", "she", "it", "they". + * + * <li>German differs from English in that the gender of nouns is rather + * arbitrary, even for nouns referring to people ("Mädchen", girl, is neutral). + * The gender affects pronouns ("er", "sie", "es"), articles ("der", "die", + * "das"), and adjective forms ("guter Mann", "gute Frau", "gutes Mädchen"). + * + * <li>French has only two genders; as in German the gender of nouns + * is rather arbitrary - for sun and moon, the genders + * are the opposite of those in German. The gender affects + * pronouns ("il", "elle"), articles ("le", "la"), + * adjective forms ("bon", "bonne"), and sometimes + * verb forms ("allé", "allée"). + * + * <li>Polish distinguishes five genders (or noun classes), + * human masculine, animate non-human masculine, inanimate masculine, + * feminine, and neuter. + * </ul> + * \endhtmlonly + * <p>Some other languages have noun classes that are not related to gender, + * but similar in grammatical use. + * Some African languages have around 20 noun classes.</p> + * + * <p><b>Note:</b>For the gender of a <i>person</i> in a given sentence, + * we usually need to distinguish only between female, male and other/unknown.</p> + * + * <p>To enable localizers to create sentence patterns that take their + * language's gender dependencies into consideration, software has to provide + * information about the gender associated with a noun or name to + * <code>MessageFormat</code>. + * Two main cases can be distinguished:</p> + * + * <ul> + * <li>For people, natural gender information should be maintained for each person. + * Keywords like "male", "female", "mixed" (for groups of people) + * and "unknown" could be used. + * + * <li>For nouns, grammatical gender information should be maintained for + * each noun and per language, e.g., in resource bundles. + * The keywords "masculine", "feminine", and "neuter" are commonly used, + * but some languages may require other keywords. + * </ul> + * + * <p>The resulting keyword is provided to <code>MessageFormat</code> as a + * parameter separate from the name or noun it's associated with. For example, + * to generate a message such as "Jean went to Paris", three separate arguments + * would be provided: The name of the person as argument 0, the gender of + * the person as argument 1, and the name of the city as argument 2. + * The sentence pattern for English, where the gender of the person has + * no impact on this simple sentence, would not refer to argument 1 at all:</p> + * + * <pre>{0} went to {2}.</pre> + * + * <p><b>Note:</b> The entire sentence should be included (and partially repeated) + * inside each phrase. Otherwise translators would have to be trained on how to + * move bits of the sentence in and out of the select argument of a message. + * (The examples below do not follow this recommendation!)</p> + * + * <p>The sentence pattern for French, where the gender of the person affects + * the form of the participle, uses a select format based on argument 1:</p> + * + * \htmlonly<pre>{0} est {1, select, female {allée} other {allé}} à {2}.</pre>\endhtmlonly + * + * <p>Patterns can be nested, so that it's possible to handle interactions of + * number and gender where necessary. For example, if the above sentence should + * allow for the names of several people to be inserted, the following sentence + * pattern can be used (with argument 0 the list of people's names, + * argument 1 the number of people, argument 2 their combined gender, and + * argument 3 the city name):</p> + * + * \htmlonly + * <pre>{0} {1, plural, + * one {est {2, select, female {allée} other {allé}}} + * other {sont {2, select, female {allées} other {allés}}} + * }à {3}.</pre> + * \endhtmlonly + * + * <h4>Patterns and Their Interpretation</h4> + * + * <p>The <code>SelectFormat</code> pattern string defines the phrase output + * for each user-defined keyword. + * The pattern is a sequence of (keyword, message) pairs. + * A keyword is a "pattern identifier": [^[[:Pattern_Syntax:][:Pattern_White_Space:]]]+</p> + * + * <p>Each message is a MessageFormat pattern string enclosed in {curly braces}.</p> + * + * <p>You always have to define a phrase for the default keyword + * <code>other</code>; this phrase is returned when the keyword + * provided to + * the <code>format</code> method matches no other keyword. + * If a pattern does not provide a phrase for <code>other</code>, the method + * it's provided to returns the error <code>U_DEFAULT_KEYWORD_MISSING</code>. + * <br> + * Pattern_White_Space between keywords and messages is ignored. + * Pattern_White_Space within a message is preserved and output.</p> + * + * <p><pre>Example: + * \htmlonly + * + * UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR; + * MessageFormat *msgFmt = new MessageFormat(UnicodeString("{0} est {1, select, female {allée} other {allé}} à Paris."), Locale("fr"), status); + * if (U_FAILURE(status)) { + * return; + * } + * FieldPosition ignore(FieldPosition::DONT_CARE); + * UnicodeString result; + * + * char* str1= "Kirti,female"; + * Formattable args1[] = {"Kirti","female"}; + * msgFmt->format(args1, 2, result, ignore, status); + * cout << "Input is " << str1 << " and result is: " << result << endl; + * delete msgFmt; + * + * \endhtmlonly + * </pre> + * </p> + * + * Produces the output:<br> + * \htmlonly + * <code>Kirti est allée à Paris.</code> + * \endhtmlonly + * + * @stable ICU 4.4 + */ + +class U_I18N_API SelectFormat : public Format { +public: + + /** + * Creates a new <code>SelectFormat</code> for a given pattern string. + * @param pattern the pattern for this <code>SelectFormat</code>. + * errors are returned to status if the pattern is invalid. + * @param status output param set to success/failure code on exit, which + * must not indicate a failure before the function call. + * @stable ICU 4.4 + */ + SelectFormat(const UnicodeString& pattern, UErrorCode& status); + + /** + * copy constructor. + * @stable ICU 4.4 + */ + SelectFormat(const SelectFormat& other); + + /** + * Destructor. + * @stable ICU 4.4 + */ + virtual ~SelectFormat(); + + /** + * Sets the pattern used by this select format. + * for the keyword rules. + * Patterns and their interpretation are specified in the class description. + * + * @param pattern the pattern for this select format + * errors are returned to status if the pattern is invalid. + * @param status output param set to success/failure code on exit, which + * must not indicate a failure before the function call. + * @stable ICU 4.4 + */ + void applyPattern(const UnicodeString& pattern, UErrorCode& status); + + + using Format::format; + + /** + * Selects the phrase for the given keyword + * + * @param keyword The keyword that is used to select an alternative. + * @param appendTo output parameter to receive result. + * result is appended to existing contents. + * @param pos On input: an alignment field, if desired. + * On output: the offsets of the alignment field. + * @param status output param set to success/failure code on exit, which + * must not indicate a failure before the function call. + * @return Reference to 'appendTo' parameter. + * @stable ICU 4.4 + */ + UnicodeString& format(const UnicodeString& keyword, + UnicodeString& appendTo, + FieldPosition& pos, + UErrorCode& status) const; + + /** + * Assignment operator + * + * @param other the SelectFormat object to copy from. + * @stable ICU 4.4 + */ + SelectFormat& operator=(const SelectFormat& other); + + /** + * Return true if another object is semantically equal to this one. + * + * @param other the SelectFormat object to be compared with. + * @return true if other is semantically equal to this. + * @stable ICU 4.4 + */ + virtual UBool operator==(const Format& other) const; + + /** + * Return true if another object is semantically unequal to this one. + * + * @param other the SelectFormat object to be compared with. + * @return true if other is semantically unequal to this. + * @stable ICU 4.4 + */ + virtual UBool operator!=(const Format& other) const; + + /** + * Clones this Format object polymorphically. The caller owns the + * result and should delete it when done. + * @stable ICU 4.4 + */ + virtual SelectFormat* clone() const; + + /** + * Format an object to produce a string. + * This method handles keyword strings. + * If the Formattable object is not a <code>UnicodeString</code>, + * then it returns a failing UErrorCode. + * + * @param obj A keyword string that is used to select an alternative. + * @param appendTo output parameter to receive result. + * Result is appended to existing contents. + * @param pos On input: an alignment field, if desired. + * On output: the offsets of the alignment field. + * @param status output param filled with success/failure status. + * @return Reference to 'appendTo' parameter. + * @stable ICU 4.4 + */ + UnicodeString& format(const Formattable& obj, + UnicodeString& appendTo, + FieldPosition& pos, + UErrorCode& status) const; + + /** + * Returns the pattern from applyPattern() or constructor. + * + * @param appendTo output parameter to receive result. + * Result is appended to existing contents. + * @return the UnicodeString with inserted pattern. + * @stable ICU 4.4 + */ + UnicodeString& toPattern(UnicodeString& appendTo); + + /** + * This method is not yet supported by <code>SelectFormat</code>. + * <P> + * Before calling, set parse_pos.index to the offset you want to start + * parsing at in the source. After calling, parse_pos.index is the end of + * the text you parsed. If error occurs, index is unchanged. + * <P> + * When parsing, leading whitespace is discarded (with a successful parse), + * while trailing whitespace is left as is. + * <P> + * See Format::parseObject() for more. + * + * @param source The string to be parsed into an object. + * @param result Formattable to be set to the parse result. + * If parse fails, return contents are undefined. + * @param parse_pos The position to start parsing at. Upon return + * this param is set to the position after the + * last character successfully parsed. If the + * source is not parsed successfully, this param + * will remain unchanged. + * @stable ICU 4.4 + */ + virtual void parseObject(const UnicodeString& source, + Formattable& result, + ParsePosition& parse_pos) const; + + /** + * ICU "poor man's RTTI", returns a UClassID for this class. + * @stable ICU 4.4 + */ + static UClassID U_EXPORT2 getStaticClassID(void); + + /** + * ICU "poor man's RTTI", returns a UClassID for the actual class. + * @stable ICU 4.4 + */ + virtual UClassID getDynamicClassID() const; + +private: + friend class MessageFormat; + + SelectFormat(); // default constructor not implemented. + + /** + * Finds the SelectFormat sub-message for the given keyword, or the "other" sub-message. + * @param pattern A MessagePattern. + * @param partIndex the index of the first SelectFormat argument style part. + * @param keyword a keyword to be matched to one of the SelectFormat argument's keywords. + * @param ec Error code. + * @return the sub-message start part index. + */ + static int32_t findSubMessage(const MessagePattern& pattern, int32_t partIndex, + const UnicodeString& keyword, UErrorCode& ec); + + MessagePattern msgPattern; +}; + +U_NAMESPACE_END + +#endif /* #if !UCONFIG_NO_FORMATTING */ + +#endif /* U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_API */ + +#endif // _SELFMT +//eof |