//! Traits for parsing the WebAssembly Text format //! //! This module contains the traits, abstractions, and utilities needed to //! define custom parsers for WebAssembly text format items. This module exposes //! a recursive descent parsing strategy and centers around the //! [`Parse`](crate::parser::Parse) trait for defining new fragments of //! WebAssembly text syntax. //! //! The top-level [`parse`](crate::parser::parse) function can be used to fully parse AST fragments: //! //! ``` //! use wast::Wat; //! use wast::parser::{self, ParseBuffer}; //! //! # fn foo() -> Result<(), wast::Error> { //! let wat = "(module (func))"; //! let buf = ParseBuffer::new(wat)?; //! let module = parser::parse::(&buf)?; //! # Ok(()) //! # } //! ``` //! //! and you can also define your own new syntax with the //! [`Parse`](crate::parser::Parse) trait: //! //! ``` //! use wast::{kw, Import, Func}; //! use wast::parser::{Parser, Parse, Result}; //! //! // Fields of a WebAssembly which only allow imports and functions, and all //! // imports must come before all the functions //! struct OnlyImportsAndFunctions<'a> { //! imports: Vec>, //! functions: Vec>, //! } //! //! impl<'a> Parse<'a> for OnlyImportsAndFunctions<'a> { //! fn parse(parser: Parser<'a>) -> Result { //! // While the second token is `import` (the first is `(`, so we care //! // about the second) we parse an `ast::ModuleImport` inside of //! // parentheses. The `parens` function here ensures that what we //! // parse inside of it is surrounded by `(` and `)`. //! let mut imports = Vec::new(); //! while parser.peek2::() { //! let import = parser.parens(|p| p.parse())?; //! imports.push(import); //! } //! //! // Afterwards we assume everything else is a function. Note that //! // `parse` here is a generic function and type inference figures out //! // that we're parsing functions here and imports above. //! let mut functions = Vec::new(); //! while !parser.is_empty() { //! let func = parser.parens(|p| p.parse())?; //! functions.push(func); //! } //! //! Ok(OnlyImportsAndFunctions { imports, functions }) //! } //! } //! ``` //! //! This module is heavily inspired by [`syn`](https://docs.rs/syn) so you can //! likely also draw inspiration from the excellent examples in the `syn` crate. use crate::lexer::{Float, Integer, Lexer, Token}; use crate::{Error, Span}; use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell}; use std::collections::HashMap; use std::fmt; use std::usize; /// A top-level convenience parseing function that parss a `T` from `buf` and /// requires that all tokens in `buf` are consume. /// /// This generic parsing function can be used to parse any `T` implementing the /// [`Parse`] trait. It is not used from [`Parse`] trait implementations. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use wast::Wat; /// use wast::parser::{self, ParseBuffer}; /// /// # fn foo() -> Result<(), wast::Error> { /// let wat = "(module (func))"; /// let buf = ParseBuffer::new(wat)?; /// let module = parser::parse::(&buf)?; /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// ``` /// /// or parsing simply a fragment /// /// ``` /// use wast::parser::{self, ParseBuffer}; /// /// # fn foo() -> Result<(), wast::Error> { /// let wat = "12"; /// let buf = ParseBuffer::new(wat)?; /// let val = parser::parse::(&buf)?; /// assert_eq!(val, 12); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// ``` pub fn parse<'a, T: Parse<'a>>(buf: &'a ParseBuffer<'a>) -> Result { let parser = buf.parser(); let result = parser.parse()?; if parser.cursor().advance_token().is_none() { Ok(result) } else { Err(parser.error("extra tokens remaining after parse")) } } /// A trait for parsing a fragment of syntax in a recursive descent fashion. /// /// The [`Parse`] trait is main abstraction you'll be working with when defining /// custom parser or custom syntax for your WebAssembly text format (or when /// using the official format items). Almost all items in the /// [`ast`](crate::ast) module implement the [`Parse`] trait, and you'll /// commonly use this with: /// /// * The top-level [`parse`] function to parse an entire input. /// * The intermediate [`Parser::parse`] function to parse an item out of an /// input stream and then parse remaining items. /// /// Implementation of [`Parse`] take a [`Parser`] as input and will mutate the /// parser as they parse syntax. Once a token is consume it cannot be /// "un-consumed". Utilities such as [`Parser::peek`] and [`Parser::lookahead1`] /// can be used to determine what to parse next. /// /// ## When to parse `(` and `)`? /// /// Conventionally types are not responsible for parsing their own `(` and `)` /// tokens which surround the type. For example WebAssembly imports look like: /// /// ```text /// (import "foo" "bar" (func (type 0))) /// ``` /// /// but the [`Import`](crate::ast::Import) type parser looks like: /// /// ``` /// # use wast::kw; /// # use wast::parser::{Parser, Parse, Result}; /// # struct Import<'a>(&'a str); /// impl<'a> Parse<'a> for Import<'a> { /// fn parse(parser: Parser<'a>) -> Result { /// parser.parse::()?; /// // ... /// # panic!() /// } /// } /// ``` /// /// It is assumed here that the `(` and `)` tokens which surround an `import` /// statement in the WebAssembly text format are parsed by the parent item /// parsing `Import`. /// /// Note that this is just a convention, so it's not necessarily required for /// all types. It's recommended that your types stick to this convention where /// possible to avoid nested calls to [`Parser::parens`] or accidentally trying /// to parse too many parenthesis. /// /// # Examples /// /// Let's say you want to define your own WebAssembly text format which only /// contains imports and functions. You also require all imports to be listed /// before all functions. An example [`Parse`] implementation might look like: /// /// ``` /// use wast::{Import, Func, kw}; /// use wast::parser::{Parser, Parse, Result}; /// /// // Fields of a WebAssembly which only allow imports and functions, and all /// // imports must come before all the functions /// struct OnlyImportsAndFunctions<'a> { /// imports: Vec>, /// functions: Vec>, /// } /// /// impl<'a> Parse<'a> for OnlyImportsAndFunctions<'a> { /// fn parse(parser: Parser<'a>) -> Result { /// // While the second token is `import` (the first is `(`, so we care /// // about the second) we parse an `ast::ModuleImport` inside of /// // parentheses. The `parens` function here ensures that what we /// // parse inside of it is surrounded by `(` and `)`. /// let mut imports = Vec::new(); /// while parser.peek2::() { /// let import = parser.parens(|p| p.parse())?; /// imports.push(import); /// } /// /// // Afterwards we assume everything else is a function. Note that /// // `parse` here is a generic function and type inference figures out /// // that we're parsing functions here and imports above. /// let mut functions = Vec::new(); /// while !parser.is_empty() { /// let func = parser.parens(|p| p.parse())?; /// functions.push(func); /// } /// /// Ok(OnlyImportsAndFunctions { imports, functions }) /// } /// } /// ``` pub trait Parse<'a>: Sized { /// Attempts to parse `Self` from `parser`, returning an error if it could /// not be parsed. /// /// This method will mutate the state of `parser` after attempting to parse /// an instance of `Self`. If an error happens then it is likely fatal and /// there is no guarantee of how many tokens have been consumed from /// `parser`. /// /// As recommended in the documentation of [`Parse`], implementations of /// this function should not start out by parsing `(` and `)` tokens, but /// rather parents calling recursive parsers should parse the `(` and `)` /// tokens for their child item that's being parsed. /// /// # Errors /// /// This function will return an error if `Self` could not be parsed. Note /// that creating an [`Error`] is not exactly a cheap operation, so /// [`Error`] is typically fatal and propagated all the way back to the top /// parse call site. fn parse(parser: Parser<'a>) -> Result; } /// A trait for types which be used to "peek" to see if they're the next token /// in an input stream of [`Parser`]. /// /// Often when implementing [`Parse`] you'll need to query what the next token /// in the stream is to figure out what to parse next. This [`Peek`] trait /// defines the set of types that can be tested whether they're the next token /// in the input stream. /// /// Implementations of [`Peek`] should only be present on types that consume /// exactly one token (not zero, not more, exactly one). Types implementing /// [`Peek`] should also typically implement [`Parse`] should also typically /// implement [`Parse`]. /// /// See the documentation of [`Parser::peek`] for example usage. pub trait Peek { /// Tests to see whether this token is the first token within the [`Cursor`] /// specified. /// /// Returns `true` if [`Parse`] for this type is highly likely to succeed /// failing no other error conditions happening (like an integer literal /// being too big). fn peek(cursor: Cursor<'_>) -> bool; /// The same as `peek`, except it checks the token immediately following /// the current token. fn peek2(mut cursor: Cursor<'_>) -> bool { if cursor.advance_token().is_some() { Self::peek(cursor) } else { false } } /// Returns a human-readable name of this token to display when generating /// errors about this token missing. fn display() -> &'static str; } /// A convenience type definition for `Result` where the error is hardwired to /// [`Error`]. pub type Result = std::result::Result; /// A low-level buffer of tokens which represents a completely lexed file. /// /// A `ParseBuffer` will immediately lex an entire file and then store all /// tokens internally. A `ParseBuffer` only used to pass to the top-level /// [`parse`] function. pub struct ParseBuffer<'a> { // list of tokens from the tokenized source (including whitespace and // comments), and the second element is how to skip this token, if it can be // skipped. tokens: Box<[(Token<'a>, Cell)]>, input: &'a str, cur: Cell, known_annotations: RefCell>, depth: Cell, } #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)] enum NextTokenAt { /// Haven't computed where the next token is yet. Unknown, /// Previously computed the index of the next token. Index(usize), /// There is no next token, this is the last token. Eof, } /// An in-progress parser for the tokens of a WebAssembly text file. /// /// A `Parser` is argument to the [`Parse`] trait and is now the input stream is /// interacted with to parse new items. Cloning [`Parser`] or copying a parser /// refers to the same stream of tokens to parse, you cannot clone a [`Parser`] /// and clone two items. /// /// For more information about a [`Parser`] see its methods. #[derive(Copy, Clone)] pub struct Parser<'a> { buf: &'a ParseBuffer<'a>, } /// A helpful structure to perform a lookahead of one token to determine what to /// parse. /// /// For more information see the [`Parser::lookahead1`] method. pub struct Lookahead1<'a> { parser: Parser<'a>, attempts: Vec<&'static str>, } /// An immutable cursor into a list of tokens. /// /// This cursor cannot be mutated but can be used to parse more tokens in a list /// of tokens. Cursors are created from the [`Parser::step`] method. This is a /// very low-level parsing structure and you likely won't use it much. #[derive(Copy, Clone)] pub struct Cursor<'a> { parser: Parser<'a>, cur: usize, } impl ParseBuffer<'_> { /// Creates a new [`ParseBuffer`] by lexing the given `input` completely. /// /// # Errors /// /// Returns an error if `input` fails to lex. pub fn new(input: &str) -> Result> { let mut tokens = Vec::new(); for token in Lexer::new(input) { tokens.push((token?, Cell::new(NextTokenAt::Unknown))); } let ret = ParseBuffer { tokens: tokens.into_boxed_slice(), cur: Cell::new(0), depth: Cell::new(0), input, known_annotations: Default::default(), }; ret.validate_annotations()?; Ok(ret) } fn parser(&self) -> Parser<'_> { Parser { buf: self } } // Validates that all annotations properly parse in that they have balanced // delimiters. This is required since while parsing we generally skip // annotations and there's no real opportunity to return a parse error. fn validate_annotations(&self) -> Result<()> { use crate::lexer::Token::*; enum State { None, LParen, Annotation { depth: usize, span: Span }, } let mut state = State::None; for token in self.tokens.iter() { state = match (&token.0, state) { // From nothing, a `(` starts the search for an annotation (LParen(_), State::None) => State::LParen, // ... otherwise in nothing we alwyas preserve that state. (_, State::None) => State::None, // If the previous state was an `LParen`, we may have an // annotation if the next keyword is reserved (Reserved(s), State::LParen) if s.starts_with("@") && s.len() > 0 => { let offset = self.input_pos(s); State::Annotation { span: Span { offset }, depth: 1, } } // ... otherwise anything after an `LParen` kills the lparen // state. (_, State::LParen) => State::None, // Once we're in an annotation we need to balance parentheses, // so handle the depth changes. (LParen(_), State::Annotation { span, depth }) => State::Annotation { span, depth: depth + 1, }, (RParen(_), State::Annotation { depth: 1, .. }) => State::None, (RParen(_), State::Annotation { span, depth }) => State::Annotation { span, depth: depth - 1, }, // ... and otherwise all tokens are allowed in annotations. (_, s @ State::Annotation { .. }) => s, }; } if let State::Annotation { span, .. } = state { return Err(Error::new(span, format!("unclosed annotation"))); } Ok(()) } fn input_pos(&self, src: &str) -> usize { src.as_ptr() as usize - self.input.as_ptr() as usize } } impl<'a> Parser<'a> { /// Returns whether there are no more `Token` tokens to parse from this /// [`Parser`]. /// /// This indicates that either we've reached the end of the input, or we're /// a sub-[`Parser`] inside of a parenthesized expression and we've hit the /// `)` token. /// /// Note that if `false` is returned there *may* be more comments. Comments /// and whitespace are not considered for whether this parser is empty. pub fn is_empty(self) -> bool { match self.cursor().advance_token() { Some(Token::RParen(_)) | None => true, Some(_) => false, // more tokens to parse! } } pub(crate) fn has_meaningful_tokens(self) -> bool { self.buf.tokens[self.cursor().cur..] .iter() .any(|(t, _)| match t { Token::Whitespace(_) | Token::LineComment(_) | Token::BlockComment(_) => false, _ => true, }) } /// Parses a `T` from this [`Parser`]. /// /// This method has a trivial definition (it simply calls /// [`T::parse`](Parse::parse)) but is here for syntactic purposes. This is /// what you'll call 99% of the time in a [`Parse`] implementation in order /// to parse sub-items. /// /// Typically you always want to use `?` with the result of this method, you /// should not handle errors and decide what else to parse. To handle /// branches in parsing, use [`Parser::peek`]. /// /// # Examples /// /// A good example of using `parse` is to see how the [`TableType`] type is /// parsed in this crate. A [`TableType`] is defined in the official /// specification as [`tabletype`][spec] and is defined as: /// /// [spec]: https://webassembly.github.io/spec/core/text/types.html#table-types /// /// ```text /// tabletype ::= lim:limits et:reftype /// ``` /// /// so to parse a [`TableType`] we recursively need to parse a [`Limits`] /// and a [`RefType`] /// /// ``` /// # use wast::*; /// # use wast::parser::*; /// struct TableType<'a> { /// limits: Limits, /// elem: RefType<'a>, /// } /// /// impl<'a> Parse<'a> for TableType<'a> { /// fn parse(parser: Parser<'a>) -> Result { /// // parse the `lim` then `et` in sequence /// Ok(TableType { /// limits: parser.parse()?, /// elem: parser.parse()?, /// }) /// } /// } /// ``` /// /// [`Limits`]: crate::ast::Limits /// [`TableType`]: crate::ast::TableType /// [`RefType`]: crate::ast::RefType pub fn parse>(self) -> Result { T::parse(self) } /// Performs a cheap test to see whether the current token in this stream is /// `T`. /// /// This method can be used to efficiently determine what next to parse. The /// [`Peek`] trait is defined for types which can be used to test if they're /// the next item in the input stream. /// /// Nothing is actually parsed in this method, nor does this mutate the /// state of this [`Parser`]. Instead, this simply performs a check. /// /// This method is frequently combined with the [`Parser::lookahead1`] /// method to automatically produce nice error messages if some tokens /// aren't found. /// /// # Examples /// /// For an example of using the `peek` method let's take a look at parsing /// the [`Limits`] type. This is [defined in the official spec][spec] as: /// /// ```text /// limits ::= n:u32 /// | n:u32 m:u32 /// ``` /// /// which means that it's either one `u32` token or two, so we need to know /// whether to consume two tokens or one: /// /// ``` /// # use wast::parser::*; /// struct Limits { /// min: u32, /// max: Option, /// } /// /// impl<'a> Parse<'a> for Limits { /// fn parse(parser: Parser<'a>) -> Result { /// // Always parse the first number... /// let min = parser.parse()?; /// /// // ... and then test if there's a second number before parsing /// let max = if parser.peek::() { /// Some(parser.parse()?) /// } else { /// None /// }; /// /// Ok(Limits { min, max }) /// } /// } /// ``` /// /// [spec]: https://webassembly.github.io/spec/core/text/types.html#limits /// [`Limits`]: crate::ast::Limits pub fn peek(self) -> bool { T::peek(self.cursor()) } /// Same as the [`Parser::peek`] method, except checks the next token, not /// the current token. pub fn peek2(self) -> bool { let mut cursor = self.cursor(); if cursor.advance_token().is_some() { T::peek(cursor) } else { false } } /// A helper structure to perform a sequence of `peek` operations and if /// they all fail produce a nice error message. /// /// This method purely exists for conveniently producing error messages and /// provides no functionality that [`Parser::peek`] doesn't already give. /// The [`Lookahead1`] structure has one main method [`Lookahead1::peek`], /// which is the same method as [`Parser::peek`]. The difference is that the /// [`Lookahead1::error`] method needs no arguments. /// /// # Examples /// /// Let's look at the parsing of [`Index`]. This type is either a `u32` or /// an [`Id`] and is used in name resolution primarily. The [official /// grammar for an index][spec] is: /// /// ```text /// idx ::= x:u32 /// | v:id /// ``` /// /// Which is to say that an index is either a `u32` or an [`Id`]. When /// parsing an [`Index`] we can do: /// /// ``` /// # use wast::*; /// # use wast::parser::*; /// enum Index<'a> { /// Num(u32), /// Id(Id<'a>), /// } /// /// impl<'a> Parse<'a> for Index<'a> { /// fn parse(parser: Parser<'a>) -> Result { /// let mut l = parser.lookahead1(); /// if l.peek::() { /// Ok(Index::Id(parser.parse()?)) /// } else if l.peek::() { /// Ok(Index::Num(parser.parse()?)) /// } else { /// // produces error message of `expected identifier or u32` /// Err(l.error()) /// } /// } /// } /// ``` /// /// [spec]: https://webassembly.github.io/spec/core/text/modules.html#indices /// [`Index`]: crate::ast::Index /// [`Id`]: crate::ast::Id pub fn lookahead1(self) -> Lookahead1<'a> { Lookahead1 { attempts: Vec::new(), parser: self, } } /// Parse an item surrounded by parentheses. /// /// WebAssembly's text format is all based on s-expressions, so naturally /// you're going to want to parse a lot of parenthesized things! As noted in /// the documentation of [`Parse`] you typically don't parse your own /// surrounding `(` and `)` tokens, but the parser above you parsed them for /// you. This is method method the parser above you uses. /// /// This method will parse a `(` token, and then call `f` on a sub-parser /// which when finished asserts that a `)` token is the next token. This /// requires that `f` consumes all tokens leading up to the paired `)`. /// /// Usage will often simply be `parser.parens(|p| p.parse())?` to /// automatically parse a type within parentheses, but you can, as always, /// go crazy and do whatever you'd like too. /// /// # Examples /// /// A good example of this is to see how a `Module` is parsed. This isn't /// the exact definition, but it's close enough! /// /// ``` /// # use wast::*; /// # use wast::parser::*; /// struct Module<'a> { /// fields: Vec>, /// } /// /// impl<'a> Parse<'a> for Module<'a> { /// fn parse(parser: Parser<'a>) -> Result { /// // Modules start out with a `module` keyword /// parser.parse::()?; /// /// // And then everything else is `(field ...)`, so while we've got /// // items left we continuously parse parenthesized items. /// let mut fields = Vec::new(); /// while !parser.is_empty() { /// fields.push(parser.parens(|p| p.parse())?); /// } /// Ok(Module { fields }) /// } /// } /// ``` pub fn parens(self, f: impl FnOnce(Parser<'a>) -> Result) -> Result { self.buf.depth.set(self.buf.depth.get() + 1); let before = self.buf.cur.get(); let res = self.step(|cursor| { let mut cursor = match cursor.lparen() { Some(rest) => rest, None => return Err(cursor.error("expected `(`")), }; cursor.parser.buf.cur.set(cursor.cur); let result = f(cursor.parser)?; cursor.cur = cursor.parser.buf.cur.get(); match cursor.rparen() { Some(rest) => Ok((result, rest)), None => Err(cursor.error("expected `)`")), } }); self.buf.depth.set(self.buf.depth.get() - 1); if res.is_err() { self.buf.cur.set(before); } return res; } /// Return the depth of nested parens we've parsed so far. /// /// This is a low-level method that is only useful for implementing /// recursion limits in custom parsers. pub fn parens_depth(&self) -> usize { self.buf.depth.get() } fn cursor(self) -> Cursor<'a> { Cursor { parser: self, cur: self.buf.cur.get(), } } /// A low-level parsing method you probably won't use. /// /// This is used to implement parsing of the most primitive types in the /// [`ast`](crate::ast) module. You probably don't want to use this, but /// probably want to use something like [`Parser::parse`] or /// [`Parser::parens`]. pub fn step(self, f: F) -> Result where F: FnOnce(Cursor<'a>) -> Result<(T, Cursor<'a>)>, { let (result, cursor) = f(self.cursor())?; self.buf.cur.set(cursor.cur); Ok(result) } /// Creates an error whose line/column information is pointing at the /// current token. /// /// This is used to produce human-readable error messages which point to the /// right location in the input stream, and the `msg` here is arbitrary text /// used to associate with the error and indicate why it was generated. pub fn error(self, msg: impl fmt::Display) -> Error { self.error_at(self.cursor().cur_span(), &msg) } fn error_at(self, span: Span, msg: &dyn fmt::Display) -> Error { Error::parse(span, self.buf.input, msg.to_string()) } /// Returns the span of the current token pub fn cur_span(&self) -> Span { self.cursor().cur_span() } /// Returns the span of the previous token pub fn prev_span(&self) -> Span { self.cursor().prev_span().unwrap_or(Span::from_offset(0)) } /// Registers a new known annotation with this parser to allow parsing /// annotations with this name. /// /// [WebAssembly annotations][annotation] are a proposal for the text format /// which allows decorating the text format with custom structured /// information. By default all annotations are ignored when parsing, but /// the whole purpose of them is to sometimes parse them! /// /// To support parsing text annotations this method is used to allow /// annotations and their tokens to *not* be skipped. Once an annotation is /// registered with this method, then while the return value has not been /// dropped (e.g. the scope of where this function is called) annotations /// with the name `annotation` will be parse of the token stream and not /// implicitly skipped. /// /// # Skipping annotations /// /// The behavior of skipping unknown/unregistered annotations can be /// somewhat subtle and surprising, so if you're interested in parsing /// annotations it's important to point out the importance of this method /// and where to call it. /// /// Generally when parsing tokens you'll be bottoming out in various /// `Cursor` methods. These are all documented as advancing the stream as /// much as possible to the next token, skipping "irrelevant stuff" like /// comments, whitespace, etc. The `Cursor` methods will also skip unknown /// annotations. This means that if you parse *any* token, it will skip over /// any number of annotations that are unknown at all times. /// /// To parse an annotation you must, before parsing any token of the /// annotation, register the annotation via this method. This includes the /// beginning `(` token, which is otherwise skipped if the annotation isn't /// marked as registered. Typically parser parse the *contents* of an /// s-expression, so this means that the outer parser of an s-expression /// must register the custom annotation name, rather than the inner parser. /// /// # Return /// /// This function returns an RAII guard which, when dropped, will unregister /// the `annotation` given. Parsing `annotation` is only supported while the /// returned value is still alive, and once dropped the parser will go back /// to skipping annotations with the name `annotation`. /// /// # Example /// /// Let's see an example of how the `@name` annotation is parsed for modules /// to get an idea of how this works: /// /// ``` /// # use wast::*; /// # use wast::parser::*; /// struct Module<'a> { /// name: Option>, /// } /// /// impl<'a> Parse<'a> for Module<'a> { /// fn parse(parser: Parser<'a>) -> Result { /// // Modules start out with a `module` keyword /// parser.parse::()?; /// /// // Next may be `(@name "foo")`. Typically this annotation would /// // skipped, but we don't want it skipped, so we register it. /// // Note that the parse implementation of /// // `Option` is the one that consumes the /// // parentheses here. /// let _r = parser.register_annotation("name"); /// let name = parser.parse()?; /// /// // ... and normally you'd otherwise parse module fields here ... /// /// Ok(Module { name }) /// } /// } /// ``` /// /// Another example is how we parse the `@custom` annotation. Note that this /// is parsed as part of `ModuleField`, so note how the annotation is /// registered *before* we parse the parentheses of the annotation. /// /// ``` /// # use wast::*; /// # use wast::parser::*; /// struct Module<'a> { /// fields: Vec>, /// } /// /// impl<'a> Parse<'a> for Module<'a> { /// fn parse(parser: Parser<'a>) -> Result { /// // Modules start out with a `module` keyword /// parser.parse::()?; /// /// // register the `@custom` annotation *first* before we start /// // parsing fields, because each field is contained in /// // parentheses and to parse the parentheses of an annotation we /// // have to known to not skip it. /// let _r = parser.register_annotation("custom"); /// /// let mut fields = Vec::new(); /// while !parser.is_empty() { /// fields.push(parser.parens(|p| p.parse())?); /// } /// Ok(Module { fields }) /// } /// } /// /// enum ModuleField<'a> { /// Custom(Custom<'a>), /// // ... /// } /// /// impl<'a> Parse<'a> for ModuleField<'a> { /// fn parse(parser: Parser<'a>) -> Result { /// // Note that because we have previously registered the `@custom` /// // annotation with the parser we known that `peek` methods like /// // this, working on the annotation token, are enabled to ever /// // return `true`. /// if parser.peek::() { /// return Ok(ModuleField::Custom(parser.parse()?)); /// } /// /// // .. typically we'd parse other module fields here... /// /// Err(parser.error("unknown module field")) /// } /// } /// ``` /// /// [annotation]: https://github.com/WebAssembly/annotations pub fn register_annotation<'b>(self, annotation: &'b str) -> impl Drop + 'b where 'a: 'b, { let mut annotations = self.buf.known_annotations.borrow_mut(); if !annotations.contains_key(annotation) { annotations.insert(annotation.to_string(), 0); } *annotations.get_mut(annotation).unwrap() += 1; return RemoveOnDrop(self, annotation); struct RemoveOnDrop<'a>(Parser<'a>, &'a str); impl Drop for RemoveOnDrop<'_> { fn drop(&mut self) { let mut annotations = self.0.buf.known_annotations.borrow_mut(); let slot = annotations.get_mut(self.1).unwrap(); *slot -= 1; } } } } impl<'a> Cursor<'a> { /// Returns the span of the next `Token` token. /// /// Does not take into account whitespace or comments. pub fn cur_span(&self) -> Span { let offset = match self.clone().advance_token() { Some(t) => self.parser.buf.input_pos(t.src()), None => self.parser.buf.input.len(), }; Span { offset } } /// Returns the span of the previous `Token` token. /// /// Does not take into account whitespace or comments. pub(crate) fn prev_span(&self) -> Option { let (token, _) = self.parser.buf.tokens.get(self.cur.checked_sub(1)?)?; Some(Span { offset: self.parser.buf.input_pos(token.src()), }) } /// Same as [`Parser::error`], but works with the current token in this /// [`Cursor`] instead. pub fn error(&self, msg: impl fmt::Display) -> Error { self.parser.error_at(self.cur_span(), &msg) } /// Attempts to advance this cursor if the current token is a `(`. /// /// If the current token is `(`, returns a new [`Cursor`] pointing at the /// rest of the tokens in the stream. Otherwise returns `None`. /// /// This function will automatically skip over any comments, whitespace, or /// unknown annotations. pub fn lparen(mut self) -> Option { match self.advance_token()? { Token::LParen(_) => Some(self), _ => None, } } /// Attempts to advance this cursor if the current token is a `)`. /// /// If the current token is `)`, returns a new [`Cursor`] pointing at the /// rest of the tokens in the stream. Otherwise returns `None`. /// /// This function will automatically skip over any comments, whitespace, or /// unknown annotations. pub fn rparen(mut self) -> Option { match self.advance_token()? { Token::RParen(_) => Some(self), _ => None, } } /// Attempts to advance this cursor if the current token is a /// [`Token::Id`](crate::lexer::Token) /// /// If the current token is `Id`, returns the identifier minus the leading /// `$` character as well as a new [`Cursor`] pointing at the rest of the /// tokens in the stream. Otherwise returns `None`. /// /// This function will automatically skip over any comments, whitespace, or /// unknown annotations. pub fn id(mut self) -> Option<(&'a str, Self)> { match self.advance_token()? { Token::Id(id) => Some((&id[1..], self)), _ => None, } } /// Attempts to advance this cursor if the current token is a /// [`Token::Keyword`](crate::lexer::Token) /// /// If the current token is `Keyword`, returns the keyword as well as a new /// [`Cursor`] pointing at the rest of the tokens in the stream. Otherwise /// returns `None`. /// /// This function will automatically skip over any comments, whitespace, or /// unknown annotations. pub fn keyword(mut self) -> Option<(&'a str, Self)> { match self.advance_token()? { Token::Keyword(id) => Some((id, self)), _ => None, } } /// Attempts to advance this cursor if the current token is a /// [`Token::Reserved`](crate::lexer::Token) /// /// If the current token is `Reserved`, returns the reserved token as well /// as a new [`Cursor`] pointing at the rest of the tokens in the stream. /// Otherwise returns `None`. /// /// This function will automatically skip over any comments, whitespace, or /// unknown annotations. pub fn reserved(mut self) -> Option<(&'a str, Self)> { match self.advance_token()? { Token::Reserved(id) => Some((id, self)), _ => None, } } /// Attempts to advance this cursor if the current token is a /// [`Token::Integer`](crate::lexer::Token) /// /// If the current token is `Integer`, returns the integer as well as a new /// [`Cursor`] pointing at the rest of the tokens in the stream. Otherwise /// returns `None`. /// /// This function will automatically skip over any comments, whitespace, or /// unknown annotations. pub fn integer(mut self) -> Option<(&'a Integer<'a>, Self)> { match self.advance_token()? { Token::Integer(i) => Some((i, self)), _ => None, } } /// Attempts to advance this cursor if the current token is a /// [`Token::Float`](crate::lexer::Token) /// /// If the current token is `Float`, returns the float as well as a new /// [`Cursor`] pointing at the rest of the tokens in the stream. Otherwise /// returns `None`. /// /// This function will automatically skip over any comments, whitespace, or /// unknown annotations. pub fn float(mut self) -> Option<(&'a Float<'a>, Self)> { match self.advance_token()? { Token::Float(f) => Some((f, self)), _ => None, } } /// Attempts to advance this cursor if the current token is a /// [`Token::String`](crate::lexer::Token) /// /// If the current token is `String`, returns the byte value of the string /// as well as a new [`Cursor`] pointing at the rest of the tokens in the /// stream. Otherwise returns `None`. /// /// This function will automatically skip over any comments, whitespace, or /// unknown annotations. pub fn string(mut self) -> Option<(&'a [u8], Self)> { match self.advance_token()? { Token::String(s) => Some((s.val(), self)), _ => None, } } /// Attempts to advance this cursor if the current token is a /// [`Token::Reserved`](crate::lexer::Token) and looks like the start of an /// annotation. /// /// [Annotations][annotation] are a WebAssembly proposal for the text format /// which allows placing structured text inside of a text file, for example /// to specify the name section or other custom sections. /// /// This function will attempt to see if the current token is the `@foo` /// part of the annotation. This requires the previous token to be `(` and /// the current token is `Reserved` which starts with `@` and has a nonzero /// length for the following name. /// /// Note that this will skip *unknown* annoations. Only pre-registered /// annotations will be returned here. /// /// This function will automatically skip over any comments, whitespace, or /// unknown annotations. /// /// [annotation]: https://github.com/WebAssembly/annotations pub fn annotation(self) -> Option<(&'a str, Self)> { let (token, cursor) = self.reserved()?; if !token.starts_with("@") || token.len() <= 1 { return None; } match &self.parser.buf.tokens.get(self.cur.wrapping_sub(1))?.0 { Token::LParen(_) => Some((&token[1..], cursor)), _ => None, } } /// Attempts to advance this cursor if the current token is a /// [`Token::LineComment`](crate::lexer::Token) or a /// [`Token::BlockComment`](crate::lexer::Token) /// /// This function will only skip whitespace, no other tokens. pub fn comment(mut self) -> Option<(&'a str, Self)> { let comment = loop { match &self.parser.buf.tokens.get(self.cur)?.0 { Token::LineComment(c) | Token::BlockComment(c) => { self.cur += 1; break c; } Token::Whitespace(_) => { self.cur += 1; } _ => return None, } }; Some((comment, self)) } fn advance_token(&mut self) -> Option<&'a Token<'a>> { let known_annotations = self.parser.buf.known_annotations.borrow(); let is_known_annotation = |name: &str| match known_annotations.get(name) { Some(0) | None => false, Some(_) => true, }; loop { let (token, next) = self.parser.buf.tokens.get(self.cur)?; // If we're currently pointing at a token, and it's not the start // of an annotation, then we return that token and advance // ourselves to just after that token. match token { Token::Whitespace(_) | Token::LineComment(_) | Token::BlockComment(_) => {} _ => match self.annotation_start() { Some(n) if !is_known_annotation(n) => {} _ => { self.cur += 1; return Some(token); } }, } // ... otherwise we need to skip the current token, and possibly // more. Here we're skipping whitespace, comments, annotations, etc. // Basically stuff that's intended to not be that relevant to the // text format. This is a pretty common operation, though, and we // may do it multiple times through peeks and such. As a result // this is somewhat cached. // // The `next` field, if "unknown", means we haven't calculated the // next token. Otherwise it's an index of where to resume searching // for the next token. // // Note that this entire operation happens in a loop (hence the // "somewhat cached") because the set of known annotations is // dynamic and we can't cache which annotations are skipped. What we // can do though is cache the number of tokens in the annotation so // we know how to skip ahead of it. match next.get() { NextTokenAt::Unknown => match self.find_next() { Some(i) => { next.set(NextTokenAt::Index(i)); self.cur = i; } None => { next.set(NextTokenAt::Eof); return None; } }, NextTokenAt::Eof => return None, NextTokenAt::Index(i) => self.cur = i, } } } fn annotation_start(&self) -> Option<&'a str> { match self.parser.buf.tokens.get(self.cur).map(|p| &p.0) { Some(Token::LParen(_)) => {} _ => return None, } let reserved = match self.parser.buf.tokens.get(self.cur + 1).map(|p| &p.0) { Some(Token::Reserved(n)) => n, _ => return None, }; if reserved.starts_with("@") && reserved.len() > 1 { Some(&reserved[1..]) } else { None } } /// Finds the next "real" token from the current position onwards. /// /// This is a somewhat expensive operation to call quite a lot, so it's /// cached in the token list. See the comment above in `advance_token` for /// how this works. /// /// Returns the index of the next relevant token to parse fn find_next(mut self) -> Option { // If we're pointing to the start of annotation we need to skip it // in its entirety, so match the parentheses and figure out where // the annotation ends. if self.annotation_start().is_some() { let mut depth = 1; self.cur += 1; while depth > 0 { match &self.parser.buf.tokens.get(self.cur)?.0 { Token::LParen(_) => depth += 1, Token::RParen(_) => depth -= 1, _ => {} } self.cur += 1; } return Some(self.cur); } // ... otherwise we're pointing at whitespace/comments, so we need to // figure out how many of them we can skip. loop { let (token, _) = self.parser.buf.tokens.get(self.cur)?; // and otherwise we skip all comments/whitespace and otherwise // get real intersted once a normal `Token` pops up. match token { Token::Whitespace(_) | Token::LineComment(_) | Token::BlockComment(_) => { self.cur += 1 } _ => return Some(self.cur), } } } } impl Lookahead1<'_> { /// Attempts to see if `T` is the next token in the [`Parser`] this /// [`Lookahead1`] references. /// /// For more information see [`Parser::lookahead1`] and [`Parser::peek`] pub fn peek(&mut self) -> bool { if self.parser.peek::() { true } else { self.attempts.push(T::display()); false } } /// Generates an error message saying that one of the tokens passed to /// [`Lookahead1::peek`] method was expected. /// /// Before calling this method you should call [`Lookahead1::peek`] for all /// possible tokens you'd like to parse. pub fn error(self) -> Error { match self.attempts.len() { 0 => { if self.parser.is_empty() { self.parser.error("unexpected end of input") } else { self.parser.error("unexpected token") } } 1 => { let message = format!("unexpected token, expected {}", self.attempts[0]); self.parser.error(&message) } 2 => { let message = format!( "unexpected token, expected {} or {}", self.attempts[0], self.attempts[1] ); self.parser.error(&message) } _ => { let join = self.attempts.join(", "); let message = format!("unexpected token, expected one of: {}", join); self.parser.error(&message) } } } } impl<'a, T: Peek + Parse<'a>> Parse<'a> for Option { fn parse(parser: Parser<'a>) -> Result> { if parser.peek::() { Ok(Some(parser.parse()?)) } else { Ok(None) } } }