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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<helpdocument version="1.0">
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<meta>
<topic id="textsbasicshared01020300xml" indexer="include" status="PUBLISH">
<title id="tit" xml-lang="en-US">Using Procedures, Functions or Properties</title>
<filename>/text/sbasic/shared/01020300.xhp</filename>
</topic>
</meta>
<body>
<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="index" id="bm_id3149456">
<bookmark_value>procedures</bookmark_value>
<bookmark_value>functions;using</bookmark_value>
<bookmark_value>variables;passing to procedures, functions, properties</bookmark_value>
<bookmark_value>parameters;for procedures, functions or properties</bookmark_value>
<bookmark_value>parameters;passing by reference or value</bookmark_value>
<bookmark_value>variables;scope</bookmark_value>
<bookmark_value>scope of variables</bookmark_value>
<bookmark_value>GLOBAL variables</bookmark_value>
<bookmark_value>PUBLIC variables</bookmark_value>
<bookmark_value>PRIVATE variables</bookmark_value>
<bookmark_value>functions;return value type</bookmark_value>
<bookmark_value>return value type of functions</bookmark_value>
</bookmark>
<section id="prozedur">
<h1 id="hd_id3149456"><link href="text/sbasic/shared/01020300.xhp">Using Procedures, Functions and Properties</link></h1>
<paragraph id="par_id3150767" role="paragraph">The following describes the basic use of procedures, functions and properties in %PRODUCTNAME Basic.</paragraph>
</section>
<note id="par_id3151215">When you create a new module, %PRODUCTNAME Basic automatically inserts a <literal>Sub</literal> called "<literal>Main</literal>". This default name has nothing to do with the order or the starting point of a %PRODUCTNAME Basic project. You can also safely rename this <literal>Sub</literal>routine.</note>
<note id="par_id314756320">Some restrictions apply for the names of your public variables, subroutines, functions and properties. You must not use the same name as one of the modules of the same library.</note>
<paragraph id="par_id3154124" role="paragraph" xml-lang="en-US">Procedures (<literal>Sub</literal>routines) functions (<literal>Function</literal>) and properties (<literal>Property</literal>) help you maintaining a structured overview by separating a program into logical pieces.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_id3153193" role="paragraph" xml-lang="en-US">One benefit of procedures, functions and properties is that, once you have developed a program code containing task components, you can use this code in another project.</paragraph>
<h2 id="hd_id3153770">Passing Variables to Procedures, Functions or Properties</h2>
<paragraph id="par_id3155414" role="paragraph" xml-lang="en-US">Variables can be passed to both procedures, functions or properties. The <literal>Sub</literal> <literal>Function</literal> or <literal>Property</literal> must be declared to expect parameters:</paragraph>
<bascode>
<paragraph id="par_idm1340846688" role="bascode" localize="false">Sub SubName(Parameter1 As TYPENAME, Parameter2 As TYPENAME,...)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_id3151114" role="bascode" xml-lang="en-US"> ' your code goes here</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_idm1340843712" role="bascode" localize="false">End Sub</paragraph>
</bascode>
<paragraph id="par_id3152577" role="paragraph" xml-lang="en-US">The <literal>Sub</literal> is called using the following syntax:</paragraph>
<bascode>
<paragraph id="par_idm1341029952" role="bascode" localize="false" xml-lang="en-US">SubName(Value1, Value2,...)</paragraph>
</bascode>
<paragraph id="par_id3147124" role="paragraph" xml-lang="en-US">The parameters passed to a <literal>Sub</literal> must fit to those specified in the <literal>Sub</literal> declaration.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_id3147397" role="paragraph" xml-lang="en-US">The same process applies to a <literal>Function</literal>. In addition, functions always return a function result. The result of a function is defined by assigning the return value to the function name:</paragraph>
<bascode>
<paragraph id="par_idm1341024672" role="bascode" localize="false">Function FunctionName(Parameter1 As TYPENAME, Parameter2 As TYPENAME,...) As TYPENAME</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_id3156284" role="bascode" xml-lang="en-US"> ' your code goes here</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_id3145799" role="bascode" localize="false"> FunctionName=Result</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_idm1341019952" role="bascode" localize="false">End Function</paragraph>
</bascode>
<paragraph id="par_id3153839" role="paragraph" xml-lang="en-US">The <literal>Function</literal> is called using the following syntax:</paragraph>
<bascode>
<paragraph id="par_id3146914" role="bascode" xml-lang="en-US" localize="false">Variable=FunctionName(Parameter1, Parameter2,...)</paragraph>
</bascode>
<paragraph role="paragraph" id="par_id981584288549909">Properties combine the syntax of procedures and functions. A property usually requires up to one parameter.</paragraph>
<bascode>
<paragraph role="bascode" id="bas_id521585039888250" localize="false">Private _IsApproved As TYPENAME</paragraph>
<paragraph role="bascode" id="bas_id471584288905523" localize="false">Property Get IsApproved As TYPENAME</paragraph>
<paragraph role="bascode" id="bas_id961584288948497" xml-lang="en-US"> ' your code goes here</paragraph>
<paragraph role="bascode" id="bas_id851585039999280" localize="false"> IsApproved = some_computation</paragraph>
<paragraph role="bascode" id="bas_id631584288950491" localize="false">End Property</paragraph>
<paragraph role="bascode" id="bas_id271584288951107" localize="false">Property Let IsApproved(value As TYPENAME)</paragraph>
<paragraph role="bascode" id="bas_id921584288951588" xml-lang="en-US"> ' your code goes here</paragraph>
<paragraph role="bascode" id="bas_id721584289581705" localize="false"> _IsApproved = computed_value</paragraph>
<paragraph role="bascode" id="bas_id491584288952356" localize="false">End Property</paragraph>
</bascode>
<paragraph id="par_id3153389" role="paragraph" xml-lang="en-US">The <literal>Property</literal> is called using the following syntax:</paragraph>
<bascode>
<paragraph role="bascode" id="bas_id511584289696025" localize="false">var = IsApproved</paragraph>
<paragraph role="bascode" id="bas_id551584289696697" localize="false">IsApproved = some_value</paragraph>
</bascode>
<tip id="par_idN107B3">You can also use the fully qualified name to call a procedure, function or property:<br/> <literal>Library.Module.Macro()</literal> <br/> For example, to call the Autotext macro from the Gimmicks library, use the following command:<br/> <item type="literal">Gimmicks.AutoText.Main()</item> </tip>
<h2 id="hd_id3156276">Passing Variables by Value or Reference</h2>
<paragraph id="par_id3155765" role="paragraph" xml-lang="en-US">Parameters can be passed to a procedure, a function or a property either by reference or by value. Unless otherwise specified, a parameter is always passed by reference. That means that a <literal>Sub</literal>, a <literal>Function</literal> or a <literal>Property</literal> gets the parameter and can read and modify its value.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_id3145640" role="paragraph" xml-lang="en-US">If you want to pass a parameter by value insert the key word <literal>ByVal</literal> in front of the parameter when you call a <literal>Sub</literal>, a <literal>Function</literal> or a <literal>Property</literal>, for example:</paragraph>
<bascode>
<paragraph id="par_id3150042" role="bascode" localize="false">Function ReadOnlyParms(ByVal p2, ByVal p2)</paragraph>
<paragraph role="bascode" id="bas_id81584367761978"> ' your code goes here</paragraph>
<paragraph role="bascode" id="bas_id131584367516784" localize="false">End Function</paragraph>
<paragraph role="bascode" id="bas_id801584367475787" localize="false">result = ReadOnlyParms(parm1, parm2)</paragraph>
</bascode>
<paragraph id="par_id3149258" role="paragraph" xml-lang="en-US">In this case, the original content of the parameter will not be modified by the <literal>Function</literal> since it only gets the value and not the parameter itself.</paragraph>
<h2 id="hd_id161584366585035">Defining Optional Parameters</h2>
<paragraph role="paragraph" id="par_id31584367006971">Functions, procedures or properties can be defined with optional parameters, for example:</paragraph>
<bascode>
<paragraph role="bascode" id="bas_id761584366669997" localize="false">Sub Rounding(number, Optional decimals, Optional format)</paragraph>
<paragraph role="bascode" id="bas_id111584366809406"> ' your code goes here</paragraph>
<paragraph role="bascode" id="bas_id251584366745722" localize="false">End Sub</paragraph>
</bascode>
<h2 id="hd_id3150982">Scope of Variables</h2>
<paragraph id="par_id3149814" role="paragraph" xml-lang="en-US">A variable defined within a <literal>Sub</literal>, a <literal>Function</literal> or a <literal>Property</literal>, only remains valid until the procedure is exited. This is known as a "local" variable. In many cases, you need a variable to be valid in all procedures, in every module of all libraries, or after a <literal>Sub</literal>, a <literal>Function</literal> or a <literal>Property</literal> is exited.</paragraph>
<h3 id="hd_id3154186">Declaring Variables Outside a <literal>Sub</literal> a <literal>Function</literal> or a <literal>Property</literal></h3>
<bascode>
<paragraph id="par_id3150208" role="bascode" xml-lang="en-US" localize="false">Global VarName As TYPENAME</paragraph>
</bascode>
<paragraph id="par_id3145258" role="paragraph" xml-lang="en-US">The variable is valid as long as the %PRODUCTNAME session lasts.</paragraph>
<bascode>
<paragraph id="par_id3153198" role="bascode" xml-lang="en-US" localize="false">Public VarName As TYPENAME</paragraph>
</bascode>
<paragraph id="par_id3150088" role="paragraph" xml-lang="en-US" >The variable is valid in all modules.</paragraph>
<bascode>
<paragraph id="par_id3158212" role="bascode" xml-lang="en-US" localize="false">Private VarName As TYPENAME</paragraph>
</bascode>
<paragraph id="par_id3152994" role="paragraph" xml-lang="en-US">The variable is only valid in this module.</paragraph>
<bascode>
<paragraph id="par_id3150886" role="bascode" xml-lang="en-US" localize="false">Dim VarName As TYPENAME</paragraph>
</bascode>
<paragraph id="par_id3150368" role="paragraph" xml-lang="en-US">The variable is only valid in this module.</paragraph>
<h3 id="hd_id5097506">Example for private variables</h3>
<paragraph id="par_id8738975" role="paragraph" xml-lang="en-US">Enforce private variables to be private across modules by setting <literal>CompatibilityMode(True)</literal>.</paragraph><comment>from i17948, see i54894</comment>
<bascode>
<paragraph id="par_idm1340976400" role="bascode" localize="false">' ***** Module1 *****</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_idm1340975168" role="bascode" localize="false">Private myText As String</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_idm1340973920" role="bascode" localize="false">Sub initMyText</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_id9475997" role="bascode" xml-lang="en-US"> myText = "Hello"</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_id6933500" role="bascode" xml-lang="en-US"> Print "In module1 : ", myText</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_idm1340970208" role="bascode" localize="false">End Sub</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_idm1340968976" role="bascode" localize="false"> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_idm1340967728" role="bascode" localize="false">' ***** Module2 *****</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_idm1340966496" role="bascode" localize="false">'Option Explicit</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_idm1340965264" role="bascode" localize="false">Sub demoBug</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_idm1340964032" role="bascode" localize="false"> CompatibilityMode( True )</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_idm1340962784" role="bascode" localize="false"> initMyText</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_id4104129" role="bascode" xml-lang="en-US"> ' Now returns empty string</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_id7906125" role="bascode" xml-lang="en-US"> ' (or raises error for Option Explicit)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_id8055970" role="bascode" xml-lang="en-US"> Print "Now in module2 : ", myText</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_idm1340957792" role="bascode" localize="false">End Sub</paragraph>
</bascode>
<h3 id="hd_id3154368">Saving Variable Content after Exiting a <literal>Sub</literal> a <literal>Function</literal> or a <literal>Property</literal></h3>
<bascode>
<paragraph id="par_id3156288" role="bascode" xml-lang="en-US" localize="false">Static VarName As TYPENAME</paragraph>
</bascode>
<paragraph id="par_id3154486" role="paragraph" xml-lang="en-US">The variable retains its value until the next time the a <literal>Function</literal>, <literal>Sub</literal> or <literal>Property</literal> is entered. The declaration must exist inside a <literal>Sub</literal>, a <literal>Function</literal> or a <literal>Property</literal>.</paragraph>
<h2 id="hd_id3155809">Specifying the Return Value Type of a <literal>Function</literal> or a <literal>Property</literal></h2>
<paragraph id="par_id3149404" role="paragraph" xml-lang="en-US">As with variables, include a type-declaration character after the function name, or the type indicated by <literal>As</literal> and the corresponding data type at the end of the parameter list to define the type of the function or property's return value, for example:</paragraph>
<bascode>
<paragraph id="par_idm1340946176" role="bascode" localize="false" xml-lang="en-US">Function WordCount(WordText As String) As Integer</paragraph>
</bascode>
<section id="relatedtopics">
<embed href="text/sbasic/shared/compatibilitymode.xhp#compatibilitymodeh1"/>
<embed href="text/sbasic/shared/03103300.xhp#explicitstatement"/>
<paragraph role="paragraph" id="N0237"><link href="text/sbasic/shared/03104100.xhp" name ="Optional keyword">Optional keyword</link></paragraph>
<paragraph role="paragraph" id="N0238"><link href="text/sbasic/shared/property.xhp" name ="Property Statement">Property Statement</link></paragraph>
<paragraph role="paragraph" id="N0239"><link href="text/sbasic/shared/03103500.xhp" name ="Static Statement">Static Statement</link></paragraph>
</section>
</body>
</helpdocument>
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