Adding upstream version 5.10.209.upstream/5.10.209upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

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+IDE-CD driver documentation
+===========================
+
+:Originally by: scott snyder  <snyder@fnald0.fnal.gov> (19 May 1996)
+:Carrying on the torch is: Erik Andersen <andersee@debian.org>
+:New maintainers (19 Oct 1998): Jens Axboe <axboe@image.dk>
+
+1. Introduction
+---------------
+
+The ide-cd driver should work with all ATAPI ver 1.2 to ATAPI 2.6 compliant
+CDROM drives which attach to an IDE interface.  Note that some CDROM vendors
+(including Mitsumi, Sony, Creative, Aztech, and Goldstar) have made
+both ATAPI-compliant drives and drives which use a proprietary
+interface.  If your drive uses one of those proprietary interfaces,
+this driver will not work with it (but one of the other CDROM drivers
+probably will).  This driver will not work with `ATAPI` drives which
+attach to the parallel port.  In addition, there is at least one drive
+(CyCDROM CR520ie) which attaches to the IDE port but is not ATAPI;
+this driver will not work with drives like that either (but see the
+aztcd driver).
+
+This driver provides the following features:
+
+ - Reading from data tracks, and mounting ISO 9660 filesystems.
+
+ - Playing audio tracks.  Most of the CDROM player programs floating
+   around should work; I usually use Workman.
+
+ - Multisession support.
+
+ - On drives which support it, reading digital audio data directly
+   from audio tracks.  The program cdda2wav can be used for this.
+   Note, however, that only some drives actually support this.
+
+ - There is now support for CDROM changers which comply with the
+   ATAPI 2.6 draft standard (such as the NEC CDR-251).  This additional
+   functionality includes a function call to query which slot is the
+   currently selected slot, a function call to query which slots contain
+   CDs, etc. A sample program which demonstrates this functionality is
+   appended to the end of this file.  The Sanyo 3-disc changer
+   (which does not conform to the standard) is also now supported.
+   Please note the driver refers to the first CD as slot # 0.
+
+
+2. Installation
+---------------
+
+0. The ide-cd relies on the ide disk driver.  See
+   Documentation/ide/ide.rst for up-to-date information on the ide
+   driver.
+
+1. Make sure that the ide and ide-cd drivers are compiled into the
+   kernel you're using.  When configuring the kernel, in the section
+   entitled "Floppy, IDE, and other block devices", say either `Y`
+   (which will compile the support directly into the kernel) or `M`
+   (to compile support as a module which can be loaded and unloaded)
+   to the options::
+
+      ATA/ATAPI/MFM/RLL support
+      Include IDE/ATAPI CDROM support
+
+   Depending on what type of IDE interface you have, you may need to
+   specify additional configuration options.  See
+   Documentation/ide/ide.rst.
+
+2. You should also ensure that the iso9660 filesystem is either
+   compiled into the kernel or available as a loadable module.  You
+   can see if a filesystem is known to the kernel by catting
+   /proc/filesystems.
+
+3. The CDROM drive should be connected to the host on an IDE
+   interface.  Each interface on a system is defined by an I/O port
+   address and an IRQ number, the standard assignments being
+   0x1f0 and 14 for the primary interface and 0x170 and 15 for the
+   secondary interface.  Each interface can control up to two devices,
+   where each device can be a hard drive, a CDROM drive, a floppy drive,
+   or a tape drive.  The two devices on an interface are called `master`
+   and `slave`; this is usually selectable via a jumper on the drive.
+
+   Linux names these devices as follows.  The master and slave devices
+   on the primary IDE interface are called `hda` and `hdb`,
+   respectively.  The drives on the secondary interface are called
+   `hdc` and `hdd`.  (Interfaces at other locations get other letters
+   in the third position; see Documentation/ide/ide.rst.)
+
+   If you want your CDROM drive to be found automatically by the
+   driver, you should make sure your IDE interface uses either the
+   primary or secondary addresses mentioned above.  In addition, if
+   the CDROM drive is the only device on the IDE interface, it should
+   be jumpered as `master`.  (If for some reason you cannot configure
+   your system in this manner, you can probably still use the driver.
+   You may have to pass extra configuration information to the kernel
+   when you boot, however.  See Documentation/ide/ide.rst for more
+   information.)
+
+4. Boot the system.  If the drive is recognized, you should see a
+   message which looks like::
+
+     hdb: NEC CD-ROM DRIVE:260, ATAPI CDROM drive
+
+   If you do not see this, see section 5 below.
+
+5. You may want to create a symbolic link /dev/cdrom pointing to the
+   actual device.  You can do this with the command::
+
+     ln -s  /dev/hdX  /dev/cdrom
+
+   where X should be replaced by the letter indicating where your
+   drive is installed.
+
+6. You should be able to see any error messages from the driver with
+   the `dmesg` command.
+
+
+3. Basic usage
+--------------
+
+An ISO 9660 CDROM can be mounted by putting the disc in the drive and
+typing (as root)::
+
+  mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
+
+where it is assumed that /dev/cdrom is a link pointing to the actual
+device (as described in step 5 of the last section) and /mnt/cdrom is
+an empty directory.  You should now be able to see the contents of the
+CDROM under the /mnt/cdrom directory.  If you want to eject the CDROM,
+you must first dismount it with a command like::
+
+  umount /mnt/cdrom
+
+Note that audio CDs cannot be mounted.
+
+Some distributions set up /etc/fstab to always try to mount a CDROM
+filesystem on bootup.  It is not required to mount the CDROM in this
+manner, though, and it may be a nuisance if you change CDROMs often.
+You should feel free to remove the cdrom line from /etc/fstab and
+mount CDROMs manually if that suits you better.
+
+Multisession and photocd discs should work with no special handling.
+The hpcdtoppm package (ftp.gwdg.de:/pub/linux/hpcdtoppm/) may be
+useful for reading photocds.
+
+To play an audio CD, you should first unmount and remove any data
+CDROM.  Any of the CDROM player programs should then work (workman,
+workbone, cdplayer, etc.).
+
+On a few drives, you can read digital audio directly using a program
+such as cdda2wav.  The only types of drive which I've heard support
+this are Sony and Toshiba drives.  You will get errors if you try to
+use this function on a drive which does not support it.
+
+For supported changers, you can use the `cdchange` program (appended to
+the end of this file) to switch between changer slots.  Note that the
+drive should be unmounted before attempting this.  The program takes
+two arguments:  the CDROM device, and the slot number to which you wish
+to change.  If the slot number is -1, the drive is unloaded.
+
+
+4. Common problems
+------------------
+
+This section discusses some common problems encountered when trying to
+use the driver, and some possible solutions.  Note that if you are
+experiencing problems, you should probably also review
+Documentation/ide/ide.rst for current information about the underlying
+IDE support code.  Some of these items apply only to earlier versions
+of the driver, but are mentioned here for completeness.
+
+In most cases, you should probably check with `dmesg` for any errors
+from the driver.
+
+a. Drive is not detected during booting.
+
+   - Review the configuration instructions above and in
+     Documentation/ide/ide.rst, and check how your hardware is
+     configured.
+
+   - If your drive is the only device on an IDE interface, it should
+     be jumpered as master, if at all possible.
+
+   - If your IDE interface is not at the standard addresses of 0x170
+     or 0x1f0, you'll need to explicitly inform the driver using a
+     lilo option.  See Documentation/ide/ide.rst.  (This feature was
+     added around kernel version 1.3.30.)
+
+   - If the autoprobing is not finding your drive, you can tell the
+     driver to assume that one exists by using a lilo option of the
+     form `hdX=cdrom`, where X is the drive letter corresponding to
+     where your drive is installed.  Note that if you do this and you
+     see a boot message like::
+
+       hdX: ATAPI cdrom (?)
+
+     this does _not_ mean that the driver has successfully detected
+     the drive; rather, it means that the driver has not detected a
+     drive, but is assuming there's one there anyway because you told
+     it so.  If you actually try to do I/O to a drive defined at a
+     nonexistent or nonresponding I/O address, you'll probably get
+     errors with a status value of 0xff.
+
+   - Some IDE adapters require a nonstandard initialization sequence
+     before they'll function properly.  (If this is the case, there
+     will often be a separate MS-DOS driver just for the controller.)
+     IDE interfaces on sound cards often fall into this category.
+
+     Support for some interfaces needing extra initialization is
+     provided in later 1.3.x kernels.  You may need to turn on
+     additional kernel configuration options to get them to work;
+     see Documentation/ide/ide.rst.
+
+     Even if support is not available for your interface, you may be
+     able to get it to work with the following procedure.  First boot
+     MS-DOS and load the appropriate drivers.  Then warm-boot linux
+     (i.e., without powering off).  If this works, it can be automated
+     by running loadlin from the MS-DOS autoexec.
+
+
+b. Timeout/IRQ errors.
+
+  - If you always get timeout errors, interrupts from the drive are
+    probably not making it to the host.
+
+  - IRQ problems may also be indicated by the message
+    `IRQ probe failed (<n>)` while booting.  If <n> is zero, that
+    means that the system did not see an interrupt from the drive when
+    it was expecting one (on any feasible IRQ).  If <n> is negative,
+    that means the system saw interrupts on multiple IRQ lines, when
+    it was expecting to receive just one from the CDROM drive.
+
+  - Double-check your hardware configuration to make sure that the IRQ
+    number of your IDE interface matches what the driver expects.
+    (The usual assignments are 14 for the primary (0x1f0) interface
+    and 15 for the secondary (0x170) interface.)  Also be sure that
+    you don't have some other hardware which might be conflicting with
+    the IRQ you're using.  Also check the BIOS setup for your system;
+    some have the ability to disable individual IRQ levels, and I've
+    had one report of a system which was shipped with IRQ 15 disabled
+    by default.
+
+  - Note that many MS-DOS CDROM drivers will still function even if
+    there are hardware problems with the interrupt setup; they
+    apparently don't use interrupts.
+
+  - If you own a Pioneer DR-A24X, you _will_ get nasty error messages
+    on boot such as "irq timeout: status=0x50 { DriveReady SeekComplete }"
+    The Pioneer DR-A24X CDROM drives are fairly popular these days.
+    Unfortunately, these drives seem to become very confused when we perform
+    the standard Linux ATA disk drive probe. If you own one of these drives,
+    you can bypass the ATA probing which confuses these CDROM drives, by
+    adding `append="hdX=noprobe hdX=cdrom"` to your lilo.conf file and running
+    lilo (again where X is the drive letter corresponding to where your drive
+    is installed.)
+
+c. System hangups.
+
+  - If the system locks up when you try to access the CDROM, the most
+    likely cause is that you have a buggy IDE adapter which doesn't
+    properly handle simultaneous transactions on multiple interfaces.
+    The most notorious of these is the CMD640B chip.  This problem can
+    be worked around by specifying the `serialize` option when
+    booting.  Recent kernels should be able to detect the need for
+    this automatically in most cases, but the detection is not
+    foolproof.  See Documentation/ide/ide.rst for more information
+    about the `serialize` option and the CMD640B.
+
+  - Note that many MS-DOS CDROM drivers will work with such buggy
+    hardware, apparently because they never attempt to overlap CDROM
+    operations with other disk activity.
+
+
+d. Can't mount a CDROM.
+
+  - If you get errors from mount, it may help to check `dmesg` to see
+    if there are any more specific errors from the driver or from the
+    filesystem.
+
+  - Make sure there's a CDROM loaded in the drive, and that's it's an
+    ISO 9660 disc.  You can't mount an audio CD.
+
+  - With the CDROM in the drive and unmounted, try something like::
+
+      cat /dev/cdrom | od | more
+
+    If you see a dump, then the drive and driver are probably working
+    OK, and the problem is at the filesystem level (i.e., the CDROM is
+    not ISO 9660 or has errors in the filesystem structure).
+
+  - If you see `not a block device` errors, check that the definitions
+    of the device special files are correct.  They should be as
+    follows::
+
+      brw-rw----   1 root     disk       3,   0 Nov 11 18:48 /dev/hda
+      brw-rw----   1 root     disk       3,  64 Nov 11 18:48 /dev/hdb
+      brw-rw----   1 root     disk      22,   0 Nov 11 18:48 /dev/hdc
+      brw-rw----   1 root     disk      22,  64 Nov 11 18:48 /dev/hdd
+
+    Some early Slackware releases had these defined incorrectly.  If
+    these are wrong, you can remake them by running the script
+    scripts/MAKEDEV.ide.  (You may have to make it executable
+    with chmod first.)
+
+    If you have a /dev/cdrom symbolic link, check that it is pointing
+    to the correct device file.
+
+    If you hear people talking of the devices `hd1a` and `hd1b`, these
+    were old names for what are now called hdc and hdd.  Those names
+    should be considered obsolete.
+
+  - If mount is complaining that the iso9660 filesystem is not
+    available, but you know it is (check /proc/filesystems), you
+    probably need a newer version of mount.  Early versions would not
+    always give meaningful error messages.
+
+
+e. Directory listings are unpredictably truncated, and `dmesg` shows
+   `buffer botch` error messages from the driver.
+
+  - There was a bug in the version of the driver in 1.2.x kernels
+    which could cause this.  It was fixed in 1.3.0.  If you can't
+    upgrade, you can probably work around the problem by specifying a
+    blocksize of 2048 when mounting.  (Note that you won't be able to
+    directly execute binaries off the CDROM in that case.)
+
+    If you see this in kernels later than 1.3.0, please report it as a
+    bug.
+
+
+f. Data corruption.
+
+  - Random data corruption was occasionally observed with the Hitachi
+    CDR-7730 CDROM. If you experience data corruption, using "hdx=slow"
+    as a command line parameter may work around the problem, at the
+    expense of low system performance.
+
+
+5. cdchange.c
+-------------
+
+::
+
+  /*
+   * cdchange.c  [-v]  <device>  [<slot>]
+   *
+   * This loads a CDROM from a specified slot in a changer, and displays
+   * information about the changer status.  The drive should be unmounted before
+   * using this program.
+   *
+   * Changer information is displayed if either the -v flag is specified
+   * or no slot was specified.
+   *
+   * Based on code originally from Gerhard Zuber <zuber@berlin.snafu.de>.
+   * Changer status information, and rewrite for the new Uniform CDROM driver
+   * interface by Erik Andersen <andersee@debian.org>.
+   */
+
+  #include <stdio.h>
+  #include <stdlib.h>
+  #include <errno.h>
+  #include <string.h>
+  #include <unistd.h>
+  #include <fcntl.h>
+  #include <sys/ioctl.h>
+  #include <linux/cdrom.h>
+
+
+  int
+  main (int argc, char **argv)
+  {
+	char *program;
+	char *device;
+	int fd;           /* file descriptor for CD-ROM device */
+	int status;       /* return status for system calls */
+	int verbose = 0;
+	int slot=-1, x_slot;
+	int total_slots_available;
+
+	program = argv[0];
+
+	++argv;
+	--argc;
+
+	if (argc < 1 || argc > 3) {
+		fprintf (stderr, "usage: %s [-v] <device> [<slot>]\n",
+			 program);
+		fprintf (stderr, "       Slots are numbered 1 -- n.\n");
+		exit (1);
+	}
+
+       if (strcmp (argv[0], "-v") == 0) {
+                verbose = 1;
+                ++argv;
+                --argc;
+        }
+
+	device = argv[0];
+
+	if (argc == 2)
+		slot = atoi (argv[1]) - 1;
+
+	/* open device */
+	fd = open(device, O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK);
+	if (fd < 0) {
+		fprintf (stderr, "%s: open failed for `%s`: %s\n",
+			 program, device, strerror (errno));
+		exit (1);
+	}
+
+	/* Check CD player status */
+	total_slots_available = ioctl (fd, CDROM_CHANGER_NSLOTS);
+	if (total_slots_available <= 1 ) {
+		fprintf (stderr, "%s: Device `%s` is not an ATAPI "
+			"compliant CD changer.\n", program, device);
+		exit (1);
+	}
+
+	if (slot >= 0) {
+		if (slot >= total_slots_available) {
+			fprintf (stderr, "Bad slot number.  "
+				 "Should be 1 -- %d.\n",
+				 total_slots_available);
+			exit (1);
+		}
+
+		/* load */
+		slot=ioctl (fd, CDROM_SELECT_DISC, slot);
+		if (slot<0) {
+			fflush(stdout);
+				perror ("CDROM_SELECT_DISC ");
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (slot < 0 || verbose) {
+
+		status=ioctl (fd, CDROM_SELECT_DISC, CDSL_CURRENT);
+		if (status<0) {
+			fflush(stdout);
+			perror (" CDROM_SELECT_DISC");
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		slot=status;
+
+		printf ("Current slot: %d\n", slot+1);
+		printf ("Total slots available: %d\n",
+			total_slots_available);
+
+		printf ("Drive status: ");
+                status = ioctl (fd, CDROM_DRIVE_STATUS, CDSL_CURRENT);
+                if (status<0) {
+                  perror(" CDROM_DRIVE_STATUS");
+                } else switch(status) {
+		case CDS_DISC_OK:
+			printf ("Ready.\n");
+			break;
+		case CDS_TRAY_OPEN:
+			printf ("Tray Open.\n");
+			break;
+		case CDS_DRIVE_NOT_READY:
+			printf ("Drive Not Ready.\n");
+			break;
+		default:
+			printf ("This Should not happen!\n");
+			break;
+		}
+
+		for (x_slot=0; x_slot<total_slots_available; x_slot++) {
+			printf ("Slot %2d: ", x_slot+1);
+			status = ioctl (fd, CDROM_DRIVE_STATUS, x_slot);
+			if (status<0) {
+			     perror(" CDROM_DRIVE_STATUS");
+			} else switch(status) {
+			case CDS_DISC_OK:
+				printf ("Disc present.");
+				break;
+			case CDS_NO_DISC:
+				printf ("Empty slot.");
+				break;
+			case CDS_TRAY_OPEN:
+				printf ("CD-ROM tray open.\n");
+				break;
+			case CDS_DRIVE_NOT_READY:
+				printf ("CD-ROM drive not ready.\n");
+				break;
+			case CDS_NO_INFO:
+				printf ("No Information available.");
+				break;
+			default:
+				printf ("This Should not happen!\n");
+				break;
+			}
+		  if (slot == x_slot) {
+                  status = ioctl (fd, CDROM_DISC_STATUS);
+                  if (status<0) {
+			perror(" CDROM_DISC_STATUS");
+                  }
+		  switch (status) {
+			case CDS_AUDIO:
+				printf ("\tAudio disc.\t");
+				break;
+			case CDS_DATA_1:
+			case CDS_DATA_2:
+				printf ("\tData disc type %d.\t", status-CDS_DATA_1+1);
+				break;
+			case CDS_XA_2_1:
+			case CDS_XA_2_2:
+				printf ("\tXA data disc type %d.\t", status-CDS_XA_2_1+1);
+				break;
+			default:
+				printf ("\tUnknown disc type 0x%x!\t", status);
+				break;
+			}
+			}
+			status = ioctl (fd, CDROM_MEDIA_CHANGED, x_slot);
+			if (status<0) {
+				perror(" CDROM_MEDIA_CHANGED");
+			}
+			switch (status) {
+			case 1:
+				printf ("Changed.\n");
+				break;
+			default:
+				printf ("\n");
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* close device */
+	status = close (fd);
+	if (status != 0) {
+		fprintf (stderr, "%s: close failed for `%s`: %s\n",
+			 program, device, strerror (errno));
+		exit (1);
+	}
+
+	exit (0);
+  }