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author | Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org> | 2024-04-27 10:05:51 +0000 |
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committer | Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org> | 2024-04-27 10:05:51 +0000 |
commit | 5d1646d90e1f2cceb9f0828f4b28318cd0ec7744 (patch) | |
tree | a94efe259b9009378be6d90eb30d2b019d95c194 /Documentation/core-api/genalloc.rst | |
parent | Initial commit. (diff) | |
download | linux-upstream/5.10.209.tar.xz linux-upstream/5.10.209.zip |
Adding upstream version 5.10.209.upstream/5.10.209upstream
Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>
Diffstat (limited to '')
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/core-api/genalloc.rst | 144 |
1 files changed, 144 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/core-api/genalloc.rst b/Documentation/core-api/genalloc.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a5af2cbf5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/core-api/genalloc.rst @@ -0,0 +1,144 @@ +The genalloc/genpool subsystem +============================== + +There are a number of memory-allocation subsystems in the kernel, each +aimed at a specific need. Sometimes, however, a kernel developer needs to +implement a new allocator for a specific range of special-purpose memory; +often that memory is located on a device somewhere. The author of the +driver for that device can certainly write a little allocator to get the +job done, but that is the way to fill the kernel with dozens of poorly +tested allocators. Back in 2005, Jes Sorensen lifted one of those +allocators from the sym53c8xx_2 driver and posted_ it as a generic module +for the creation of ad hoc memory allocators. This code was merged +for the 2.6.13 release; it has been modified considerably since then. + +.. _posted: https://lwn.net/Articles/125842/ + +Code using this allocator should include <linux/genalloc.h>. The action +begins with the creation of a pool using one of: + +.. kernel-doc:: lib/genalloc.c + :functions: gen_pool_create + +.. kernel-doc:: lib/genalloc.c + :functions: devm_gen_pool_create + +A call to gen_pool_create() will create a pool. The granularity of +allocations is set with min_alloc_order; it is a log-base-2 number like +those used by the page allocator, but it refers to bytes rather than pages. +So, if min_alloc_order is passed as 3, then all allocations will be a +multiple of eight bytes. Increasing min_alloc_order decreases the memory +required to track the memory in the pool. The nid parameter specifies +which NUMA node should be used for the allocation of the housekeeping +structures; it can be -1 if the caller doesn't care. + +The "managed" interface devm_gen_pool_create() ties the pool to a +specific device. Among other things, it will automatically clean up the +pool when the given device is destroyed. + +A pool is shut down with: + +.. kernel-doc:: lib/genalloc.c + :functions: gen_pool_destroy + +It's worth noting that, if there are still allocations outstanding from the +given pool, this function will take the rather extreme step of invoking +BUG(), crashing the entire system. You have been warned. + +A freshly created pool has no memory to allocate. It is fairly useless in +that state, so one of the first orders of business is usually to add memory +to the pool. That can be done with one of: + +.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/genalloc.h + :functions: gen_pool_add + +.. kernel-doc:: lib/genalloc.c + :functions: gen_pool_add_owner + +A call to gen_pool_add() will place the size bytes of memory +starting at addr (in the kernel's virtual address space) into the given +pool, once again using nid as the node ID for ancillary memory allocations. +The gen_pool_add_virt() variant associates an explicit physical +address with the memory; this is only necessary if the pool will be used +for DMA allocations. + +The functions for allocating memory from the pool (and putting it back) +are: + +.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/genalloc.h + :functions: gen_pool_alloc + +.. kernel-doc:: lib/genalloc.c + :functions: gen_pool_dma_alloc + +.. kernel-doc:: lib/genalloc.c + :functions: gen_pool_free_owner + +As one would expect, gen_pool_alloc() will allocate size< bytes +from the given pool. The gen_pool_dma_alloc() variant allocates +memory for use with DMA operations, returning the associated physical +address in the space pointed to by dma. This will only work if the memory +was added with gen_pool_add_virt(). Note that this function +departs from the usual genpool pattern of using unsigned long values to +represent kernel addresses; it returns a void * instead. + +That all seems relatively simple; indeed, some developers clearly found it +to be too simple. After all, the interface above provides no control over +how the allocation functions choose which specific piece of memory to +return. If that sort of control is needed, the following functions will be +of interest: + +.. kernel-doc:: lib/genalloc.c + :functions: gen_pool_alloc_algo_owner + +.. kernel-doc:: lib/genalloc.c + :functions: gen_pool_set_algo + +Allocations with gen_pool_alloc_algo() specify an algorithm to be +used to choose the memory to be allocated; the default algorithm can be set +with gen_pool_set_algo(). The data value is passed to the +algorithm; most ignore it, but it is occasionally needed. One can, +naturally, write a special-purpose algorithm, but there is a fair set +already available: + +- gen_pool_first_fit is a simple first-fit allocator; this is the default + algorithm if none other has been specified. + +- gen_pool_first_fit_align forces the allocation to have a specific + alignment (passed via data in a genpool_data_align structure). + +- gen_pool_first_fit_order_align aligns the allocation to the order of the + size. A 60-byte allocation will thus be 64-byte aligned, for example. + +- gen_pool_best_fit, as one would expect, is a simple best-fit allocator. + +- gen_pool_fixed_alloc allocates at a specific offset (passed in a + genpool_data_fixed structure via the data parameter) within the pool. + If the indicated memory is not available the allocation fails. + +There is a handful of other functions, mostly for purposes like querying +the space available in the pool or iterating through chunks of memory. +Most users, however, should not need much beyond what has been described +above. With luck, wider awareness of this module will help to prevent the +writing of special-purpose memory allocators in the future. + +.. kernel-doc:: lib/genalloc.c + :functions: gen_pool_virt_to_phys + +.. kernel-doc:: lib/genalloc.c + :functions: gen_pool_for_each_chunk + +.. kernel-doc:: lib/genalloc.c + :functions: gen_pool_has_addr + +.. kernel-doc:: lib/genalloc.c + :functions: gen_pool_avail + +.. kernel-doc:: lib/genalloc.c + :functions: gen_pool_size + +.. kernel-doc:: lib/genalloc.c + :functions: gen_pool_get + +.. kernel-doc:: lib/genalloc.c + :functions: of_gen_pool_get |